SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 384-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

  • Model Type: Sentence Transformer
  • Base model: sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2
  • Maximum Sequence Length: 256 tokens
  • Output Dimensionality: 384 dimensions
  • Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Model Sources

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 256, 'do_lower_case': False, 'architecture': 'BertModel'})
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the ๐Ÿค— Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("LamaDiab/MiniLM-V26Data-256HardBATCH-SemanticEngine")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'diary of a wimpy kid do-it-youself book',
    'children english book',
    'grand theft auto v (ps5)',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 384]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities)
# tensor([[1.0000, 0.5029, 0.2692],
#         [0.5029, 1.0000, 0.3907],
#         [0.2692, 0.3907, 1.0000]])

Evaluation

Metrics

Triplet

Metric Value
cosine_accuracy 0.9444

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

  • Size: 604,740 training samples
  • Columns: anchor, positive, and itemCategory
  • Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
    anchor positive itemCategory
    type string string string
    details
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 9.9 tokens
    • max: 42 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 4.76 tokens
    • max: 78 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 3.94 tokens
    • max: 9 tokens
  • Samples:
    anchor positive itemCategory
    oval silver bracelet with side oat women bracelet bracelet
    petrol denim bandana hair accessory hair accessory
    lights & colors driver toy toddler toy
  • Loss: MultipleNegativesSymmetricRankingLoss with these parameters:
    {
        "scale": 20.0,
        "similarity_fct": "cos_sim",
        "gather_across_devices": false
    }
    

Evaluation Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

  • Size: 9,509 evaluation samples
  • Columns: anchor, positive, negative, and itemCategory
  • Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
    anchor positive negative itemCategory
    type string string string string
    details
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 9.63 tokens
    • max: 43 tokens
    • min: 2 tokens
    • mean: 6.39 tokens
    • max: 150 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 9.42 tokens
    • max: 46 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 3.88 tokens
    • max: 10 tokens
  • Samples:
    anchor positive negative itemCategory
    pilot mechanical pencil progrex h-127 - 0.7 mm office supplies artist pen extra fine brush tip b no.125 pencil
    superior drawing marker -pen - set of 12 colors - 2 nib marker pen urban stars prayer mat marker
    first person singular author: haruki murakami haruki murakami book colorful rings arrangement game literature and fiction
  • Loss: MultipleNegativesSymmetricRankingLoss with these parameters:
    {
        "scale": 20.0,
        "similarity_fct": "cos_sim",
        "gather_across_devices": false
    }
    

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

  • eval_strategy: steps
  • per_device_train_batch_size: 256
  • per_device_eval_batch_size: 256
  • learning_rate: 3e-05
  • weight_decay: 0.01
  • warmup_ratio: 0.1
  • fp16: True
  • dataloader_num_workers: 1
  • dataloader_prefetch_factor: 2
  • dataloader_persistent_workers: True
  • push_to_hub: True
  • hub_model_id: LamaDiab/MiniLM-V26Data-256HardBATCH-SemanticEngine
  • hub_strategy: all_checkpoints

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand
  • overwrite_output_dir: False
  • do_predict: False
  • eval_strategy: steps
  • prediction_loss_only: True
  • per_device_train_batch_size: 256
  • per_device_eval_batch_size: 256
  • per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
  • per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
  • gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
  • eval_accumulation_steps: None
  • torch_empty_cache_steps: None
  • learning_rate: 3e-05
  • weight_decay: 0.01
  • adam_beta1: 0.9
  • adam_beta2: 0.999
  • adam_epsilon: 1e-08
  • max_grad_norm: 1.0
  • num_train_epochs: 3
  • max_steps: -1
  • lr_scheduler_type: linear
  • lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
  • warmup_ratio: 0.1
  • warmup_steps: 0
  • log_level: passive
  • log_level_replica: warning
  • log_on_each_node: True
  • logging_nan_inf_filter: True
  • save_safetensors: True
  • save_on_each_node: False
  • save_only_model: False
  • restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
  • no_cuda: False
  • use_cpu: False
  • use_mps_device: False
  • seed: 42
  • data_seed: None
  • jit_mode_eval: False
  • use_ipex: False
  • bf16: False
  • fp16: True
  • fp16_opt_level: O1
  • half_precision_backend: auto
  • bf16_full_eval: False
  • fp16_full_eval: False
  • tf32: None
  • local_rank: 0
  • ddp_backend: None
  • tpu_num_cores: None
  • tpu_metrics_debug: False
  • debug: []
  • dataloader_drop_last: False
  • dataloader_num_workers: 1
  • dataloader_prefetch_factor: 2
  • past_index: -1
  • disable_tqdm: False
  • remove_unused_columns: True
  • label_names: None
  • load_best_model_at_end: False
  • ignore_data_skip: False
  • fsdp: []
  • fsdp_min_num_params: 0
  • fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
  • fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
  • accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
  • deepspeed: None
  • label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
  • optim: adamw_torch
  • optim_args: None
  • adafactor: False
  • group_by_length: False
  • length_column_name: length
  • ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
  • ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
  • ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
  • dataloader_pin_memory: True
  • dataloader_persistent_workers: True
  • skip_memory_metrics: True
  • use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
  • push_to_hub: True
  • resume_from_checkpoint: None
  • hub_model_id: LamaDiab/MiniLM-V26Data-256HardBATCH-SemanticEngine
  • hub_strategy: all_checkpoints
  • hub_private_repo: None
  • hub_always_push: False
  • hub_revision: None
  • gradient_checkpointing: False
  • gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
  • include_inputs_for_metrics: False
  • include_for_metrics: []
  • eval_do_concat_batches: True
  • fp16_backend: auto
  • push_to_hub_model_id: None
  • push_to_hub_organization: None
  • mp_parameters:
  • auto_find_batch_size: False
  • full_determinism: False
  • torchdynamo: None
  • ray_scope: last
  • ddp_timeout: 1800
  • torch_compile: False
  • torch_compile_backend: None
  • torch_compile_mode: None
  • include_tokens_per_second: False
  • include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
  • neftune_noise_alpha: None
  • optim_target_modules: None
  • batch_eval_metrics: False
  • eval_on_start: False
  • use_liger_kernel: False
  • liger_kernel_config: None
  • eval_use_gather_object: False
  • average_tokens_across_devices: False
  • prompts: None
  • batch_sampler: batch_sampler
  • multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional
  • router_mapping: {}
  • learning_rate_mapping: {}

Training Logs

Epoch Step Training Loss Validation Loss cosine_accuracy
0.0004 1 4.1437 - -
0.4232 1000 3.6457 0.9829 0.9363
0.8464 2000 2.6898 0.9383 0.9378
1.2693 3000 2.4448 0.9807 0.9374
1.6922 4000 2.6158 0.9553 0.9423
2.1150 5000 2.5157 0.9650 0.9416
2.5378 6000 2.3962 0.9475 0.9438
2.9607 7000 2.4768 0.9481 0.9444

Framework Versions

  • Python: 3.11.13
  • Sentence Transformers: 5.1.2
  • Transformers: 4.53.3
  • PyTorch: 2.6.0+cu124
  • Accelerate: 1.9.0
  • Datasets: 4.4.1
  • Tokenizers: 0.21.2

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
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