The Queen has been given a new title - the Queen Mother - to mark her 90th birthday.
The Queen Mother is the title given to the Queen by the monarchs of the Commonwealth countries.
The Queen Mother is the head of the Commonwealth and is the head of the Commonwealth's diplomatic service.
The Queen

The Queen has tweeted her thanks to people who sent her 90th birthday messages on social media.

Article: In August 2014, a damning report stated 1,400 girls had been sexually exploited in the town, with local authorities failing to take the issue seriously.
The Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) aims to finish its inquiries by April "at the latest".
A report will be published "soon after" this point, an IPCC spokesperson said.
Read more on this and other stories in Yorkshire
The IPCC is investigating complaints connected to former and serving police officers into how they handled child sex abuse allegations in Rotherham.
It previously said it was conducting 62 inquiries with 30 officers formally investigated, with that figure rising to 88 investigations into 35 officers.
The figure had increased after some of the "more complex investigations" were split into smaller ones, a spokesperson said.
Professor Alexis Jay's 2014 report detailed how children as young as 11 had been subjected to trafficking, rape and other sexual exploitation between 1997 to 2013 by gangs of men who were predominantly of Pakistani origin.
Initial inquiries by the IPCC began in late 2014 after South Yorkshire Police referred 14 members of staff to the police watchdog.
It has now grown into the "the second largest operation" the IPCC has undertaken after the Hillsborough inquiry.
In a statement, the IPCC said: "The very nature of these investigations makes them difficult to conclude quickly, we are dealing with highly sensitive issues and the allegations can date back decades.
"Our priority is to conclude our investigations rigorously and thoroughly and we thank the survivors and all those affected by these investigations for their patience and understanding."

Summary: Thirty-five South Yorkshire Police officers continue to be investigated following the Rotherham grooming scandal, the police watchdog said.
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Article: Pakistan has had nuclear weapons for years but this is thought to be the first time it has spoken publicly about its nuclear arsenal.
The disclosure was made by Pakistan's Foreign Secretary Aizaz Chaudhry during a news briefing in Washington on Monday.
It comes before Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif is to meet Barack Obama in Washington on Thursday.
The two are expected to discuss Pakistan's nuclear programme among other issues, including Afghanistan and militant groups such as the Haqqani network and Lashkar-e-Taiba.
Mr Chaudhry's disclosure is seen by many as the first concrete explanation by a Pakistani official of how Pakistan intends to deal with possible Indian aggression.
"The fact that Pakistan was making small tactical nuclear weapons was clear to the world from the day Pakistan started its missile programme," says Pervez Hoodbhoy, a nuclear physicist and independent security analyst based in Lahore.
"It meant that Pakistan had developed low-yield nuclear warheads to be delivered by those missiles at short ranges, in a battlefield, having localised impact, unlike big bombs designed to destroy cities."
Experts believe that the 2011 testing of the nuclear-capable Nasr missile with a 60km range was an indication that Pakistan was building an arsenal of tactical nuclear weapons for use in a theatre of war.
Hasan Askari Rizvi, a Lahore-based expert on defence and security issues, suspects Pakistan may have designed even smaller nuclear weapons, capable of being shot from a specially-designed gun.
"The Americans apparently know about these weapons, and recent debate in the US media suggests that Pakistan may actually be in possession of tactical weapons which are greater in number and accuracy than those of India," he says.
Mr Hoodbhoy points out that these battlefield weapons could be more dangerous than larger weapons because in the event of a conflict, they will need to be spread out, deployed at multiple locations closer to the targets, and would need to be fired at short notice.
"Compliance with...

Summary: Pakistan has disclosed for the first time that it has made low-yield nuclear weapons for use in the event of a sudden attack by its larger neighbour and rival, India.
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Article: The UK has paid a total of £1.26bn in interest on these bonds since then.
The debt has not been paid off before because of the relatively low interest it incurs.
The Treasury plans to cut the annual cost of the debt by re-borrowing money at current market rates.  It is the first such move for 67 years.
The bonds that Chancellor George Osborne has acquired have a lower rate than the 4% interest on the debt.
The continued existence of the war bond debt illustrates the lasting shadow cast by World War One.
According to the UK Treasury there are currently 11,200 registered holders of the bonds.
Winston Churchill first issued "4% Consols" in 1927 when he was Chancellor partly to refinance bonds from the First World War.
In addition to the war bonds, some of the debt being refinanced by the Treasury dates back to the 18th Century.
One of these bonds was issued by William Gladstone in 1853 to consolidate the capital stock of the South Sea Company, which was founded in 1711.
The South Sea Company collapsed during the South Sea Bubble financial crisis of 1720, leaving behind it a lot of debt.
In 1932 Chancellor Neville Chamberlain converted some war bonds into "perpetuals". This gave the government the right not to pay back the loans, as long as they continued paying 3.5% interest on them.
Perpetual bonds, as the name suggests, pay a steady stream of interest forever.

Summary: The UK Government has said that it will 'retire' £218m of the UK's £2bn First World War debt by refinancing bonds originally issued by Winston Churchill.
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Article: "I am most grateful for the many digital messages of goodwill I have received and would like to thank you all for your kindness," she wrote.
The monarch, whose milestone birthday was marked with numerous events, signed off the rare message "Elizabeth R".
The Queen sent her first ever tweet in 2014 when she opened a new exhibition at the Science Museum in London.
Britain's longest-serving monarch celebrated her 90th birthday on 21 April, and a host of events were held over three months, from April to June.
The Queen has two birthdays - her real birthday on 21 April, and her official birthday held on a Saturday in June - a tradition going back 250 years. It was introduced to try to ensure better weather for the monarch's official celebrations.
Her official birthday this year was 11 June and the annual Trooping the Colour was held on Horse Guards Parade, followed by an RAF flypast which the Royal Family watched from the balcony of Buckingham Palace.
The following day the Queen hosted the Patron's Lunch, a street party for some 10,000 people along The Mall which recognised her patronage of more than 600 organisations in the UK and around the Commonwealth.
Queen Elizabeth II at 90
Find out more about Queen Elizabeth II on BBC iWonder

Summary:


published in the journal Obesity, found that the number of people who were obese in the UK had increased by more than a third in the last decade.
The

Streaming service Netflix has postponed a Bill Cosby comedy special in the wake of allegations of sexual assault that have resurfaced in recent weeks.

Article: Doctors have told her there is an 85% chance she will develop breast cancer as she has inherited a mutation in her BRCA 1 gene.
But are you at risk and what can you do reduce your chances of contracting it?
Katherine Woods from Breast Cancer Campaign explains.
"The risk of a woman developing breast cancer in the UK is one in eight.
"That's about 50,000 women a year. Women are far more likely to develop the disease, but it does affect men too.
"Around 350 men a year are diagnosed with breast cancer in the UK.
"Gender, age and family history are the three most important risk factors. The older you get, the greater risk of getting breast cancer.
"More than 80% of breast cancers are diagnosed in women over 50, so it's a lot more common for women who have gone through the menopause.
"In terms of family history, some have a higher risk of getting breast cancer.
"But not everybody with a family history will have that high risk. One in five women that get it have a family history of the disease."
"Women who have family history and have a confirmed higher risk can opt to have risk-reducing surgery.
"The most common type is a double mastectomy. A mastectomy removes tissue from both breasts. It reduces the risk by up to 90%.
"Removing the ovaries can also reduce risk by around 50% in younger women.
"In terms of lifestyle there are three things people can do to reduce their risk. Cut down on alcohol, be a healthy weight and to get 30 minutes of exercise five times a week."
"It's the removing of breast tissue from both of the breasts.
"For a lot of women there is an option to have reconstruction at the same time as they have surgery.
"So it doesn't necessarily mean that the entire breast and nipple are taken.
"This surgery can reduce the risk of getting breast cancer by 90%.
"But a risk-reducing mastectomy still leaves part of the chest wall behind and actually breast cancer can still develop in those tissues which is why we can't say it reduces the risk by 100%."
"It is really important to check whether you have a high...

Summary: 1Xtra presenter Claira Hermet has told Newsbeat about her decision to have a double mastectomy after loosing her mum and sister to breast cancer.
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Article: Researchers said warmer water affected the distribution and size of plankton - tiny organisms that form the basis of food chains in aquatic systems.
The team warmed plankton-containing vessels by 4C (7F) - the temperature by which some of the world's rivers and lakes could warm over the next century.
The findings appear in the journal Global Change Biology.
"Our study provides almost the first direct experimental evidence that - in the short-term - if a [freshwater] ecosystem warms up, it has profound implications for the size structure of plankton communities," said lead author Gabriel Yvon-Durocher from Queen Mary, University of London.
"Essentially, what we observed within the phytoplankton (microscopic plants) community was that it switched from a system that was dominated by larger autotrophs (plants that photosynthesise) to a system that was dominated by smaller autotrophs with a lower standing biomass."
Dr Yvon-Durocher added that a greater abundance, but lower overall biomass, of smaller phytoplankton had "very important implications for the stability of plankton food webs".
"This meant that the distribution of biomass between plants and animals changed from a... situation where you had a large amount of plants and a smaller amount of animal consumers to an 'inverted pyramid' where you have a smaller quantity of plant biomass and a larger amount of animal biomass," he told BBC News.
"Systems that tend to have larger consumer biomass relative to the resource biomass tend to be less stable over time."
Dr Yvon-Durocher explained that phytoplankton played a key role in the food webs of oceans, rivers and lakes.
"An inordinate amount of the primary productivity and carbon draw-down in ocean and freshwater ecosystems are carried out by microscopic planktonic organisms."
Because the tiny plants are able to produce their own food by using energy from sunlight, they are an important food source for zooplankton - microscopic animals that are not able to synthesise their own food.
The zooplankton are also a...

Summary: Future warming could have "profound implications" for the stability of freshwater ecosystems, a study warns.
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Article: During question time in parliament on Wednesday, the new man in charge was accused of "mansplaining" by Labor deputy leader Tanya Plibersek.
Mansplaining is when a man explains something in which he is less of an expert, to a woman who is more so, because he assumes she is ignorant.
Ms Plibersek had asked whether Mr Turnbull could "confirm how much he will restore to the foreign aid programme after the cabinet he was part of cut the budget by $11.3bn dollars" in the last budget.
Mr Turnbull responded: "If the honourable member wanted to get a serious answer she should ask a serious question. If all she's interested in is making an allegation, making a political argument across the dispatch box, that is fine. But it's a complete waste of Question Time."
Unimpressed with the verbal jousting, she replied: "Mr Speaker, I'd rather have an answer than the mansplaining by the prime minister."
Within minutes, "mansplaining" was trending on Twitter in Australia, winning Ms Plibersek - and the word itself - both fans and critics.
The charge of sexism may have stung, however, as Mr Turnbull had earlier said he was "very committed" to having more women in his cabinet than in previous ones.
"There is no greater enthusiast than me for seeing women in positions of power and influence in parliament, in ministries right across the country," he said.
An amalgam of the words "man" and "explain", it is a man explaining something in a patronising way to a woman, typically one who is more expert in the subject matter than he, because he assumes she is ignorant of it.
It is thought to have been first used by American feminists in 2008 shortly after the Los Angeles Times printed an article by Rebecca Solnit, titled Men Who Explain Things, in which she recounted the story of a Mr Very Important explaining her own book to her at a party.
Starting to cross over into mainstream conversation, mansplaining has joined "manspreading" - men sitting with their legs too wide apart in shared spaces, often on public transport - on a growing list...

Summary: Barely two days into his new job, and Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull has already had a taster of some of the biting wit he can likely expect from the opposition.
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Article: Bill Cosby 77 was to have been streamed from 27 November. It is not clear when or if the special will now be shown.
Netflix's announcement came shortly after Tuesday's airing of an interview with a model and TV host who claimed Cosby sexually assaulted her in 1982.
Cosby's lawyer previously said the comedian would be making no comment.
John P Schmidt said the allegations were a "decade-old [and] discredited" and that he did not intend to "dignify [them] with any comment".
A follow-up statement amended the earlier denial to say it did not refer to Andrea Constand, an accuser whose civil action against him was settled in 2006.
The latest allegation came from TV presenter Janice Dickinson, who accused Cosby of sexually assaulting her after a dinner date in Lake Tahoe, California.
"The next morning I woke up and I wasn't wearing my pyjamas," she told Entertainment Tonight. "I remembered before I passed out that I had been sexually assaulted."
Dickinson claimed she had written about the alleged assault in a 2002 autobiography but had been pressured by Cosby's lawyer and her publisher to remove the details.
Dickinson, a contestant in the 2007 series of I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!, is one of several women to have accused Cosby of sexual assault going back almost 30 years.
Cosby remained silent during an NPR radio interview that aired on Saturday when he was asked to comment on the accusations levelled against him.
The veteran comedian is best known for playing Cliff Huxtable, benign patriarch of an African-American family in hit US sitcom The Cosby Show.

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A new report by the UK's National Audit Office has found that the government's plans to cut the number of people in prison by more than a third by 2020 will cost the taxpayer Â£1.2bn.
The report, published on Wednesday, said the government's plans to cut the number of people in

Gay and bisexual men convicted of abolished sex offences in Northern Ireland look set to be pardoned.

Article: "Inseparable" Bella the ewe and Blake the border collie disappeared from their owner Natalie Haywood's home near Clumber Park in Nottinghamshire.
Ms Haywood posted on Facebook saying someone had picked up Blake and returned him home.
She said Blake was "all well" and was behaving "like nothing has happened".
"The hunt for Bella continues still, with Blake's help we will bring her home," she wrote.
Bella was five weeks old when she went missing from her home in the village of Perlethorpe on 8 May.
Because of her age, she needed regular bottle feeding.
She had been adopted from a farmer neighbour after being orphaned, and quickly bonded with Ms Haywood's pet dog.
"They are the best of friends, she follows him around everywhere," said Ms Haywood after the pair's disappearance.
The disappearance sparked a campaign to find them and the hashtag #findblakeandbella.
A £1,000 reward for their recovery was offered by ITV presenter Philip Schofield on This Morning, and thousands of people joined a Facebook group set up to find the pets.
Eight cameras were set up in four locations and tracking dogs were used in the search.

Summary: A sheepdog who went missing with his orphaned lamb "best friend" has been found after three weeks - but without his woolly companion.
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Article: Eastern Airways has taken over from Citywing, which has been liquidated after 14 months running the route.
Economy Secretary Ken Skates said a review would report shortly on the future of the Â£1.2m annual subsidy.
The Welsh Conservatives said more should be done to make the service more appealing to the general public.
The new operators took over the Cardiff-Anglesey service on Monday with all Citywing tickets being honoured, Mr Skates said.
Since its launch in 2007, the service has had a string of operators and was found to be underperforming in a 2014 report.
Last September, Mr Skates ordered a review of its future beyond May, with a report due in the next few weeks.
"One of my concerns is whether the actual service is sustainable ... whether we can actually identify a carrier that will be able to provide a reliable service long term, whether the level of subsidy is appropriate ... whether we are actually getting sufficient value for money at present," he told the Good Morning Wales programme on BBC Radio.
"What I've asked the review to look at is whether this service is needed, what alternatives or additional services might be needed.
"Cardiff is one of the fastest growing airports in the UK - we wish to grow Cardiff, we wish to grow other airports around the coast of Wales as well.
"Particularly in the context of Brexit we need to be better connected to the rest of the UK - not just Cardiff, but the whole of the country.
"With our smaller airports there's an opportunity to be connected to other cities and centres of economic activity."
Mr Skates confirmed that with around 9,000 passengers using the service every year, the cost of the subsidy amounted to around Â£120 each.
He pointed out that about half of the passengers came from the private sector, and that the prospect of major projects in north west Wales such as a new nuclear power station might justify the survival of the service.
"In the next few years Wylfa Newydd will come on stream and that's going to create a huge amount of activity on...

Summary: The troubled air link between Cardiff and Anglesey could be saved by demand fuelled by projects like Wylfa Newydd, the minister responsible has said.
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Article: Photographs released by KCNA state news agency to go with a report on Mr Kim's visit to a facility at the Academy of Defence Sciences facility show wall charts describing the missiles, called Hwasong-13 and Pukguksong-3.
Hwasong-13 appears to be a three-stage ICBM (Inter Continental Ballistic Missile), while the chart showing Pukguksong-3, although largely obscured by officials, is an Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM).
It's not the first time that North Korea has "accidentally" left details of important developments in the background of photo-shoots, and this is seen by analysts as a means of showing off its military power or sending messages to its foes.
North Korea's report of the visit appears to be deliberately timed, coming on the third day of the Ulchi Freedom Guardian military exercises involving South Korea and the United States, to which Pyongyang is vehemently opposed.
The timing and the content is critical. Speaking to South Korea's JoongAng Ilbo newspaper, Shin Jong-woo of the Korea Defence and Security Forum said that North Korea "has a history of displaying actual weapons, or graphic designs of them, via state media in order to flaunt its military prowess to the world."
According to KCNA, Kim Jong-un is said to have ordered scientists at the facility to produce more solid rocket fuel and warhead tips missiles, and these fit with the details displayed on the wall charts.
Unlike the liquid-fuelled Hwasong-14 missile which North Korea tested in July, Hwasong-13 appears to be a three-stage solid fuel rocket; while the solid-fuelled Pukguksong-3 is a longer-range version of the Pukguksong-1 and -2 missiles which were tested in 2016.
Whether by mistake or as a ruse, it has happened before.
Two weeks ago, photos of Kim Jong-un planning a ballistic missile test in the direction of US Andersen Air Force Base on Guam also contained strategically-placed wall charts and and an ominous aerial view of the base itself.
The message here is clear. Pyongyang is telling Washington that American military...

Summary: North Korea appears to have revealed details of two as-yet untested missile systems in its press coverage of a factory inspection by the country's Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un.
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Article: Justice Minister Claire Sugden confirmed a motion will go before the assembly for approval.
The move will bring Northern Ireland in line with England and Wales, where plans for automatic pardons were announced last month.
Those proposals would see men convicted of now-abolished sexual offences receive posthumous pardons.
Dubbed 'Turing's Law', after the World War Two code-breaker Alan Turing, the law will also allow living men convicted of such offences to apply for a pardon.
The motion in the assembly is expected to contain the same provisions and allow for pardons both posthumously as well as for living gay and bisexual men.
The minister said she has secured executive agreement to ask the assembly to pass a legislative consent motion to pardon convictions related to abolished sexual offences.
Ms Sugden said that arrangements would be brought in "as soon as possible to ensure that there is equal treatment for gay and bisexual men here as for their counterparts in England and Wales".
"This is an opportunity for the criminal justice system to try and right the wrongs of the past and one which will allow for much earlier resolve than that presented by way of an assembly bill," she added.
The motion will now go forward for consideration by the assembly.

Summary:


The matchbox industry is a fascinating and fascinating industry.
The matchbox industry is a fascinating and fascinating industry. It is a fascinating industry because it is a fascinating industry because it is a fascinating industry because it is a fascinating industry because it is a fascinating industry because it is a fascinating industry because it is a fascinating industry

I have been collecting matchboxes seriously since 2012.

Article: Shop Direct, which bought the Woolworths brand out of administration, said it had secured a legal settlement with the store in Dorchester, Dorset.
Wellworths will rebrand itself as Wellchester after failing to agree terms that would have let it keep the name but restrict its expansion.
Shop Direct said protecting its brand was of "paramount importance".
Wellworths, launched by former Woolworths manager Claire Robertson in March 2009, has been given two years to change its branding.
First-year profit
The branch was one of 815 that closed after Woolworths went bust in November 2008 with debts of Â£385m.
But Ms Robertson reopened the store, gave about 20 colleagues their jobs back and saw the business make a profit in its first year.
Wellworths said Shop Direct "initially supported the opening of the former Woolworths store in Dorchester as Wellworths, but then sought an agreement which would place limits on the growth of the business under the Wellworths name".
"Regretfully, rather than accept those limits, Wellworths have decided to replace the Wellworths name with Wellchester over the course of the next two years."
Ms Robertson said she was aiming to expand the brand across south and south-west England, in towns similar to Dorchester.
She announced her intentions in March, although other sites have yet to be found.
"We're really happy with the way things are going and have been extremely well supported by our customers in the first year-and-a-half," she added.
Mark Newton-Jones, chief executive of home shopping firm Shop Direct, said: "Protecting your brand is of paramount importance to every business and no less so to us with our Woolworths brand."

Summary: A former Woolworths store which reopened as Wellworths has been forced to change its name.
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Article: The resort will have ski runs, ski lifts, resort chalets and sleigh rides.
But its two hotels are little more than empty shells, while the access road is filled with potholes, the AP news agency reported after a visit to the site in September.
There are also questions about who will use the resort once it is completed.
It is estimated that there are only about 5,500 North Korean skiers in a country with a population of 24 million people - equivalent to about 0.02% of the total.
Correspondents say that the Masik Pass ski resort - located  in the secluded depths of North Korea's east coast - is the country's latest megaproject, the product of 10 months of intensive labour.
It is intended to show that Communist North Korea is as civilized and culturally advanced as any other country, despite its reputation for poverty and isolation.
Billboards around the construction site urge workers to finish the job by Thursday's deadline, the 68th anniversary of the formation of the Korean Workers' Party. But the construction has reportedly been delayed by heavy rains and landslides.
"Full attack. March forward. Let's absolutely finish building Masik Pass ski resort within this year by launching a full aggressive war," one sign reads.
The resort is believed to be a pet project of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, who reportedly skied when he attended secondary school in Switzerland under an assumed name.
An AP reporter who recently visited Masik's ski runs says that they consist of long stretches of bright-brown dirt dotted with rocks, weeds and patches of stubborn grass. The pistes  cut their way through the trees to converge at the hotel construction site below.
Foundations were still being dug. Two simple lifts were being installed, but neither was working at the time.
Correspondents say that North Korea is eager to build the resort because it wants to win more medals in the Winter Olympics. Sport is seen as a useful way of mobilising the masses and Pyongyang wants to encourage more tourism.
"It will have a big impact on...

Summary: North Korea was due to open its first multi-million dollar ski resort on Thursday, but there are doubts whether it will be ready in time.
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Article: Mr Salmond said the move could bring down the government if Labour joined in, with David Cameron "locked out".
The Conservatives accused him of "trying to sabotage the democratic will of the British people".
Labour has called his balance of power prediction "bluster and bluff".
In recent days Mr Salmond, who is bidding to become a Westminster MP at the 7 May general election, has claimed his party could "hold the power" in a hung Parliament and would be able to influence the Budget of a minority Labour government.
This was dismissed by Labour leader Ed Miliband, who has ruled out a formal coalition with the Scottish nationalists.
The SNP currently has six MPs at Westminster, but recent opinion polls suggest its share could increase dramatically at the general election.
James Cook, BBC News Scotland correspondent
If the Conservatives attempt to form a minority government and enough MPs vote against their Queen's Speech the administration would fall at the first hurdle and the leader of the opposition would have a shot at forming a government.
That's how parliamentary democracy works in the event of a hung Parliament.
And yet the Conservatives are saying that by planning to vote against a government he opposes Alex Salmond has "confirmed he would sabotage the democratic will of the British people in order to make Ed Miliband prime minister".
It is part of their continuing attempt to portray Mr Miliband as a weak leader whose strings are being pulled by Mr Salmond.
This kind of language causes despair among Tories north of the border who fear that the party in London is waltzing into an SNP trap.
They know that many voters in Scotland will read the phrase "democratic will of the British people" and hear "democratic will of the English people".
Because, if it is illegitimate for Scottish MPs, from whatever party, to vote against one government and support another in the British parliament, then what, voters may ask, is the point of the union?
Who is dancing to Mr Salmond's tune now?
Mr Salmond, the former...

Summary: The SNP would block a minority Conservative government by voting down its Queen's Speech if it holds the post-election balance of power, its former leader Alex Salmond has said.
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Article: My sources include collectors all over the world, dealers, auctions, flea markets, and just about any place I can think of. The accumulation, as I like to call it, includes all kinds of material related to the Indian matchbox industry.
Within this rapidly growing accumulation, I often come across labels and subjects that I get curious about and that is how my collection takes a thematic approach.
My recent exhibition, titled "Matchbox Labels And The Stories They Tell", features some prominent trends and themes spanning the entire history of the matchbox industry.
I exhibited 5,000 labels from my collection of 25,000.
AE Matcheswala was an early matchbox label which started using sulphur. It set up its factories in Mumbai in western Maharashtra and Khambhat (also known as Cambay) in Gujarat state, and continued to trade in matchboxes until after World War Two.
The company exported its matchboxes to Arab countries. Ambarnath, written in Hindi on this label, was the location of the first Wimco factory in western Maharashtra state. Very few Wimco labels used Indian languages and they did not last long. This rather drab label featuring the dhow is not one of their common brands.
This label promoted the Swadeshi (self-reliance) movement during the partition of India's Bengal region in 1905. A number of Indian labels started during the independence struggle after calls were made to boycott British goods. Most firms used Indian languages to add nationalist fervour to their brands. Labels from the 1920s and 30s tell the story of India's struggle for freedom. Some labels even celebrated important personalities associated with the freedom movement.
It's believed that this matchbox was commissioned by the royal family of Bhavnagar in western Gujarat state for their personal use during British rule. Little is known about such matchboxes because records were not kept at the time and little research is possible today.
Many Bollywood films were promoted on matchboxes in the 1950s. Some labels even featured Pakistani films....

Summary:


A new study has found that moderate exercise can help protect against dementia.
### Article: A new study has found that moderate exercise can help protect against dementia.
### Article: A new study has found that moderate exercise can help protect against dementia.
### Article: A new study has found that moderate exercise can help

Walking for 40 minutes a few times a week is enough to preserve memory and keep ageing brains on top form, research shows.

Article: By the end of day the index had shed 51 points or 0.68% to 7,473.
Mining companies saw some of the biggest falls after copper and iron ore prices slipped. Antofagasta dived 4.7% and Glencore fell 3.9%.
BP and Royal Dutch Shell both lost more than 2% as oil prices fell on fresh fears of oversupply in the worldwide oil industry.
Brent crude fell to a seven-month low and was last trading down 2.6% at $45.70 per barrel.
Shares in plumbing services firm Wolseley pared early losses to end flat, after the company reported an increase in third-quarter profits.
The firm - which owns Plumb Center - reported a 9.5% rise in trading profits to Â£254m in the three months to 30 April.
On the currency markets the pound fell sharply after the Bank of England governor said he did not favour an interest rate rise at the moment.
Sterling was down almost 1% against the dollar at $1.26, having slid after Mark Carney made the comments in his Mansion House speech in London.
Last week, the Bank of England held interest rates at 0.25%, though three of the eight policymakers on the bank's Monetary Policy Committee voted for a rate rise.
However, Mr Carney said he thought a rise now would be premature.
He said uncertainty over the direction of the economy and "anaemic" wage growth meant that "now is not yet the time to begin" increasing rates.
The pound also fell against the euro, dropping 0.7% to 1.13 euros.

Summary: The FTSE 100 has closed lower after falling commodities prices hit mining and oil stocks.
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Article: A treatment for lungs was developed in Sweden over 30 years ago and it was extracted from pigs.
However, a newer, synthetic version - that no longer relies on animal products -  has now been created.
This substance, surfactant, is produced naturally in human lungs but premature babies often do not produce enough.
It is made up of fats and proteins and keeps lungs moving and working.
The latest development is being trialled in Belfast's Royal Maternity Hospital.
Among those who have benefited is Lewis McIlroy, who is now two-and-a-half and lives on a farm in Magheramourne, County Antrim.
His mother, Margaret, said the medical research in Northern Ireland is fantastic.
"Lewis was born at 30 weeks and was very ill," she said.
"I didn't even get to hold him, he was whisked away from me by the medical team who saved his life."
Surfactant is a fluid secreted by the cells of the alveoli - the tiny air sacs in the lungs - that serves to reduce the surface tension of pulmonary fluids.
Surfactant contributes to the elastic properties of pulmonary tissue, preventing the alveoli from collapsing.
Premature babies often require an injection of the substance into their lungs to get them working.
Back in the 1980s it was Prof Henry Halliday who was in charge of the trial at the Royal Maternity Hospital.
Now retired and his 70s, he said that using pig lung surfactant saved many premature babies' lives and was the best available of the surfactants.
"In the 1980s when premature babies got respiratory distress syndrome due to immature lungs, if they were 28 weeks gestation or less they nearly all died," he said.
"It was with the development of surfactant to replace the missing substance in the lungs that we started to see much better survival rates of these very tiny babies.
"It was a very exciting time when this drug was developed."
In 2017 times have changed and a synthetic substance has replaced that provided by pigs.
"It is a major breakthrough because we've been limited to using animal-derived surfactants for the last 30...

Summary: Premature babies around the world are being kept alive thanks to a "medical breakthrough" that is being trialled in Belfast.
###
Article: The 30 ft (9m) tall bird, referred to as "Chicken Don", stands between the official residence of the US president and the famous Washington Monument.
Owner Taran Singh Brar said the prop portrays a president who is "afraid".
But some Twitter users were not impressed, with one dubbing the stunt "pathetic".
In a video posted on social media on Wednesday, activist and documentary maker Mr Brar said he hoped to "bring awareness" to what he said was a "bad and destabilising" US president.
"We are out here to criticise our president for being weak and ineffective as a leader," he said in the footage posted on Twitter, adding that Mr Trump also "seems afraid" to release his tax returns.
"He seems afraid to stand up to Putin and now he's playing a game of chicken with North Korea," Mr Brar said.
Permission to set up the inflatable fowl, which was funded through the crowdsourcing website GoFundMe, had to be obtained from the US Secret Service, according to local media.
In April, the large bird appeared at marches across the US as demonstrators called on Mr Trump to release his tax returns.
The balloon was manufactured in China following the success of a Trump-like rooster designed as a prop to celebrate the Chinese New Year in January.
The inflatable's arrival has divided opinion on social media, with Twitter users at odds over whether the stunt was "pathetic" or "cute".
The topic quickly gained momentum and the hashtag #TrumpChicken was trending in the US on Wednesday.
End of Twitter post  by @NWPinPDX
"Not a comment on Trump or his presidency, but I just kind of love the inflatable chicken w/Trump hair. It is really cute!" wrote Eva Ulrich.
Another Twitter user, Scott Presler, wrote: "President Trump tells nuclear power North Korea there will be 'Fire & fury' and democrats inflate a chicken? Insanity."
End of Twitter post  by @EduSamani
End of Twitter post  by @SaysHummingbird
"The left would rather spend $1300 on a #TrumpChicken, than use that money to feed the homeless. The obsession continues," wrote Scott.
This...

Summary: An inflatable chicken with a golden coiffure has appeared near the White House in protest at Donald Trump's "weak" and "ineffective" leadership.
###
Article: Moderate exercise increased the size of the hippocampus, an area of the brain that makes memories, in 120 volunteers.
The year-long trial, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, showed performance on memory tests also improved.
Exercise may buffer against dementia as well as age-related memory loss.
The latest work looked at healthy people in their 60s rather than people with Alzheimer's or other forms of dementia.
But the findings have important implications for ageing societies faced with a dementia time bomb.
In the UK, 820,000 people have dementia, and this figure is set to double by 2030.
Until a cure is discovered, finding cheap and simple ways to reverse this trend is imperative, say experts.
Professor Kirk Erickson and colleagues from the University of Pittsburgh in the US set out to investigate the impact that even moderate exercise might have on preserving memory.
They split their 120 volunteers into two groups. One group was asked to begin an exercise regimen of walking around a track for 40 minutes a day, three days a week, while the others were limited to doing simple stretching and toning exercises.
Brain scans and memory tests were performed at the start of the study, halfway through the study and again at the end.
Scans revealed hippocampus volume increased by around 2% in people who did regular aerobic exercise. The same region of the brain decreased in volume by 1.4% in those who did stretching exercises, consistent with the decrease seen in normal ageing.
Both groups showed some improvement over time on memory tests. In the walking group, the improvement appeared to be linked with increased size of the hippocampus.
Professor Erickson said: "We think of the atrophy of the hippocampus in later life as almost inevitable. But we've shown that even moderate exercise for one year can increase the size of that structure.
"The brain at that stage remains modifiable."
Dr Simon Ridley of the Alzheimer's Research Trust said that although the study does not look at memory loss in...

Summary:


A man has been jailed for a year after he admitted stealing a car and driving it into a wall.
The court heard that the defendant, who was aged in his 20s, was caught on CCTV stealing a car from a garage in the town of Dunfermline.
He then drove the car into a

Scotland's newest police horses have been named after two of the country's most famous islands.

Article: Coinciding with the Year of Food and Drink, a Scottish government-led celebration, dairy products will be the focus of events in August.
The trail is designed to allow visitors and locals to travel around Scotland's best ice cream sellers.
Leaflets have been produced to highlight more than 100 businesses. The trail has been launched at The Milk Barn in Falkirk.
The government estimates that Scotland generates over Â£2.5m every day through food and drink tourism.
Scotland's Food Secretary Richard Lochhead said: "I'm delighted to hear that Scotland's Ice Cream Trail has been launched - our dairy produce is among the best in the world and it extends to so much more than milk.
"It's great that this has been launched during the Year of Food and Drink and couldn't have been timed better for the start of Delicious Dairy Month in August."
Suzannah Reid, from The Milk Barn, added: "We're delighted to be part of Scotland's Ice Cream Trail and look forward to welcoming lots of new visitors as a result.
"Our ice cream is made using milk from our very own herd of cows, which are milked just yards away every morning, to make a wonderful and diverse range of flavours which delight our many customers."

Summary: Scotland's inaugural "ice cream trail" has been launched.
###
Article: Ashley Keast, 26, was jailed for 32 months in March after he admitted breaking in to a property in Rotherham.
On Wednesday, he was jailed for a further four years after being found guilty of making threats to kill.
Keast, of Norfolk Court, Rotherham, was convicted after a trial at Sheffield Crown Court.
The court heard Keast had arranged for a threatening letter to be sent to the victim of the burglary after he was jailed.
He was also found guilty by a jury of witness intimidation and attempting to pervert the course of justice.
Keast was arrested in connection with the burglary after he took a selfie on a stolen SIM card and sent it to his victim's colleagues.
PC Adam Broughton said: "Following the original conviction for burglary, the victim in this case felt that justice had been done. Unfortunately, this was not the end of the ordeal.
"The safety and wellbeing of any victim of crime is our main priority and this sentence reflects the seriousness of threats, intimidation and attempts by anyone to pervert the course of justice."

Summary: A thief jailed after taking a picture of himself burgling a house has been sentenced to a further four years for threatening to kill his victim.
###
Article: Scientists at University College London (UCL) say their early animal tests could lead to a cheap and non-invasive way to spot the disease.
Parkinson's affects 1 in 500 people and is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide.
The charity Parkinson's UK welcomed the research as a "significant step".
The researchers examined rats and found that changes could be seen at the back of their eyes before visible symptoms occurred.
Professor Francesca Cordeiro who led the research said it was a "potentially revolutionary breakthrough in the early diagnosis and treatment of one of the world's most debilitating diseases".
"These tests mean we might be able to intervene much earlier and more effectively treat people with this devastating condition."
Symptoms of Parkinson's include tremors and muscle stiffness, slowness of movement and a reduced quality of life.
These symptoms usually only emerge after brain cells have been damaged.
But there is currently no brain scan, or blood test, that can definitively diagnose Parkinson's disease.
Parkinson's does not directly cause people to die, but symptoms do get worse over time.
Dr Arthur Roach, director of research at the charity Parkinson's UK, said there was "an urgent need for a simple and accurate way of detecting the condition, particularly in its early stages".
"Although the research is in its infancy and is yet to be tested on people with Parkinson's, a simple non-invasive test - such as an eye test - could be a significant step forward in the search for treatments that can tackle the underlying causes of the condition rather than masking its symptoms," he added.
Dr Roach pointed out that the charity was funding parallel research which is trying to identify Parkinson's bio-markers, which are measureable changes in people with the condition.
"Having a biomarker for Parkinson's would help diagnose Parkinson's earlier, when people are most likely to benefit from the new treatments aimed at slowing progression," he explained.
The UCL researchers used medical...

Summary: Researchers may have discovered a method of detecting changes in the eye which could identify Parkinson's disease before its symptoms develop.
###
Article: Stable-mates Lewis and Harris are named after neighbouring islands in the Western Isles.
Harris, whose name was chosen by the public in an online vote last week, has been joined this week at Police Scotland's mounted unit by Lewis.
The force described Lewis as "lovely and quiet" and also its smallest horse at about 16.2 hands high.

Summary:


Families of people allegedly killed by an Army undercover unit have been told former members of the unit who appeared on TV admitted no crimes.

Article: Mark Neale, of the Financial Services Compensation Scheme, agreed that the bailout plans in Cyprus underlined the risk of undermining savers' confidence.
But he said the UK's position was entirely different from that of Cyprus.
The first £85,000 of deposits per person, per UK-regulated institution are protected by the FSCS.
If a UK-regulated bank, building society or credit union goes bust, then each depositor will be paid compensation, up to this limit, quickly - usually within seven days.
A 10bn-euro ($13bn; £8.6bn) bailout for Cyprus has been agreed by the EU and IMF, but all bank customers in the country must pay a one-off levy.
Under the currently agreed terms, depositors with less than 100,000 euros in Cyprus accounts would have to pay a one-time tax of 6.75%. Those with sums over that threshold would pay 9.9%.
Cyprus' parliament will vote on the plan on Tuesday.
UK savers who live in and have bank accounts in Cyprus will be hit by the levy, but deposits with the UK arms of Bank of Cyprus and Laiki Bank will not.
Under the plan, people are being taxed on savings, but they would have been compensated for these savings had the banking system in Cyprus collapsed. Cyprus has a deposit protection scheme, similar to the FSCS, that would have protected the first 100,000 euros (£86,000) of people's savings if banks in Cyprus had gone bust.
Q&A: Cyprus bailout
Europe markets fall on Cyprus fears
Mr Neale, chief executive of the FSCS - the UK's deposit protection scheme - said the situation in Cyprus was "unique" and it was "inconceivable" that the same could happen in the UK. That meant UK savers should be confident that their funds were safe in UK banks.
"The UK government is not in anything like the same position as Cyprus. I am emphatic that people [in the UK] will not lose a penny of their savings in this way," he said.
He said that the situation in Cyprus would not affect the way the FSCS was run. but he said that more needed to be done to ensure people knew of the protection that was in place.
The scheme's...

Summary: The head of the UK's deposit safety net has said he is "emphatic" that savings in the UK are well protected, despite the problems in Cyprus.
###
Article: Analysis of the results of 1.3 million young people over a three-year period found 75% had been given overly optimistic predictions by schools.
But nearly one in 10 (9%) did better than predicted, the study, published by the University and College Union, says.
University admissions service Ucas said the 16% related to those with no net deviation from all their predictions.
The UCU is calling for an overhaul of the university admissions system, which currently sees students apply on the strength of their predicted grades.
It said it was time the UK allowed students to apply with firm results not predictions that are "poor guestimates".
It said a post-qualifications admission (PQA) system would also abolish the need for unconditional offers for university places.
Researchers at UCL's Institute of Education analysed the top three A-level results from 1.3 million candidates who sat A-levels in 2013, 2014 and 2015 went on to higher education through the Ucas service.
The report also found the grades of able students from disadvantaged backgrounds were most likely to be under-predicted.
Almost one in four (24%) applicants from lower-income households was under-predicted in their results, the UCU said, compared with a fifth (20%) of those from wealthier homes.
Report author, Dr Gill Wyness, from UCL's Institute of Education, said students having their future grades under-rated by teachers should be of particular concern.
She said: "I find worrying evidence that, among high-achieving (ie AAB or higher) applicants, disadvantaged students are more likely to be under-predicted than their more advantaged counterparts.
"Indeed almost 3,000 disadvantaged, high-achieving students (or 1,000 per year) have their grades under-predicted."
Dr Wyness said applicants who were under-predicted were more likely to apply to, and attend, a university for which they were over-qualified, which could, in turn, have an impact on their future careers.
UCU general secretary Sally Hunt said: "This report exposes the vast majority of predicted...

Summary: Only 16% of university applicants achieve the grades their teachers predict, research suggests.
###
Article: Some 594 (23.4%) of the 2,540 schools teaching A-levels had no pupils with the two As and a B in the subjects recommended for top degree courses.
The data also shows some 215 schools missed the new government target of 40% of pupils obtaining five A*-C GCSEs.
The BBC is publishing its league tables for secondary schools in England.
The tables are drawn up from the latest official government data on pupils' academic achievement.
Overall they cover achievement in more than 4,000 mainstream state and independent schools, based mainly on the results of last summer's exams for 16- and 18-year-olds. In total, 2,540 schools and colleges in England run A-level courses.
Much has been made of the inability of leading universities to recruit more bright students from a wider set of backgrounds. But this data shows that many schools are not producing students of a high enough calibre to automatically get places at such universities.
It also shows that in only two schools did more than 70% of pupils obtain two As and a B in what is known as the "facilitating" subjects favoured by the 24 Russell Group of some of the leading universities. And in only 16 schools did 50% or more pupils achieve these grades.
The figures for how many pupils in a school achieve the grades most sought after by the leading universities are stark but not surprising.
Just two schools managed to get 70% or more of their pupils over this very demanding academic hurdle and 16 schools pushed 50% or more over it.
The figures demonstrate the degree to which England's education system remains polarised.
Fee-paying, selective independent schools and grammars dominate the top of the list, and community schools, sponsored academies and sixth-form colleges, some in very deprived areas, sit at the bottom.
It is the first time this interesting nugget on school performance has been published by the Department for Education.
And it is just one of the 400 pieces of data it publishes in the statistical blizzard of information on which school league tables are...

Summary: Almost a quarter of England's sixth forms and colleges have failed to produce any pupils with the top A-level grades sought by leading universities.
###
Article: The Military Reaction Force was the subject of a BBC Panorama programme last November.
Former members said the unit had shot people who may have been unarmed.
The PSNI investigation has found none of the men featured "admitted any criminal act or being involved in any of the incidents portrayed".
In a statement,  the PSNI said: "Detectives from Serious Crime Branch have studied the contents of a BBC Panorama programme broadcast last year into the activities of the MRF.
"Although there does not appear to be any admission to criminality by individuals featured in the programme, it will form part of an HET review into all deaths linked to soldiers.
"This review will begin when HET resumes its work in the near future."
The unit was disbanded in 1973, after 18 months.
The plain-clothes soldiers carried out round-the-clock patrols in Belfast in unmarked cars.
Three former members of the unit talked to Panorama. They said they had been tasked with "hunting down" IRA members in Belfast.
When asked if on occasion the MRF would make an assumption that someone had a weapon, even if they could not see one, one of the former soldiers replied "occasionally".
"We didn't go around town blasting, shooting all over the place like you see on the TV, we were going down there and finding, looking for our targets, finding them and taking them down," he said.
"We may not have seen a weapon, but there more than likely would have been weapons there in a vigilante patrol."
One of the soldiers said they were "not there to act like an army unit, we were there to act like a terror group".
Solicitor Padraig Ã“ Muirigh represents families who believe their relatives were killed by the MRF.
He said police should further investigate the soldiers' claims.
"They very openly and brazenly admitted that they were in a terror gang, that they acted outside the rule of law, that they also acted outside of the yellow card rule," he said.
"They also admitted being involved in fatal incidents in which people may not have been armed.
"I think all of...

Summary:


The government has announced a new scheme to help people who are struggling to pay their rent.
The new scheme will see the government provide a one-off payment of Â£100 to those who are struggling to pay their rent.
The money will be paid to the landlord, who will then use it to help

A writer in India has been charged with sedition for allegedly showing disrespect to the national anthem.

Article: The council said there were 8,300 people on the waiting list for social housing - a figure set to increase further in the next five years.
It has 13,470 properties, which has fallen from 23,000 since 1985, largely due to the Right to Buy legislation.
The Welsh Government has already said it wants to abolish it in Wales.
Most council tenants have the right to buy their homes after five years and receive a discount of up to Â£8,000 on the value.
But the authority said there was a "very high level of housing need" in the city which needed to be addressed.
Susan Elsmore, cabinet member for health, housing and wellbeing, said the council estimated it would need an extra 2,024 affordable homes each year for the next five years and research showed more than 5,000 families were living in overcrowded or unsuitable homes.
"Every month, 450 new applications for housing are received but only 860 council properties became vacant and available to let in the whole of 2015/16," she said.
"Every house sold through the [Right to Buy] scheme is a home that is no longer available to a family in need so for this reason, we will consider suspending the scheme and consulting with those who would be affected."
If the plans are agreed by councillors at a meeting on 10 November, a consultation will begin with the results considered in the new year.
Several other councils in Wales, including Swansea, Carmarthenshire and Flintshire have already approved plans to suspend the scheme.

Summary: Council tenants in Cardiff could lose the right to buy their home under plans to address the shortage of rented homes in the city.
###
Article: His admission follows years of speculation about who came up with the original ideas underlying the digital cash system.
Mr Wright has provided technical proof to back up his claim using coins known to be owned by Bitcoin's creator.
Prominent members of the Bitcoin community and its core development team say they have confirmed his claims.
But many others in the Bitcoin world are asking for more proof.
Mr Wright has revealed his identity to three media organisations - the BBC, the Economist and GQ.
At the meeting with the BBC, Mr Wright digitally signed messages using cryptographic keys created during the early days of Bitcoin's development. The keys are inextricably linked to blocks of bitcoins known to have been created or "mined" by Satoshi Nakamoto.
"These are the blocks used to send 10 bitcoins to Hal Finney in January [2009] as the first bitcoin transaction," said Mr Wright during his demonstration.
Renowned cryptographer Hal Finney was one of the engineers who helped turn Mr Wright's ideas into the Bitcoin protocol, he said.
"I was the main part of it, but other people helped me," he said.
Soon after Mr Wright went public, Gavin Andresen, chief scientist at the Bitcoin Foundation, published a blog backing his claim.
"I believe Craig Steven Wright is the person who invented Bitcoin," he wrote.
Jon Matonis, an economist and one of the founding directors of the Bitcoin Foundation, said he was convinced that Mr Wright was who he claimed to be.
"During the London proof sessions, I had the opportunity to review the relevant data along three distinct lines: cryptographic, social, and technical," he said.
"It is my firm belief that Craig Wright satisfies all three categories."
Mr Wright said he planned to release information that would allow others to cryptographically verify that he is Satoshi Nakamoto.
Not everyone has been convinced by Mr Wright's claims and the technical proof he put in his blog. Some cryptographers and developers who worked through the information provided said they had trouble getting...

Summary: Australian entrepreneur Craig Wright has publicly identified himself as Bitcoin creator Satoshi Nakamoto.
###
Article: She could only attend school two or three times a week, for half a day, and she spent most of her time lying around the house.
"I got very breathless and I was on tablets a lot. Life wasn't great," she says.
She was diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy and told she would need a heart transplant by the time she was 21.
In the end she was just 15 when she was given the life-saving operation at Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) in London.
"I got worse much more quickly than the doctors thought I would, but I only waited six days for a new heart and I was out of hospital within 17 days."
It sounds a simple solution, but there is nothing simple about replacing a child's diseased heart with another healthy one and nothing easy about the decision to donate an organ so that someone else's child might live.
Sophie admits that she thinks about it quite a lot.
"It doesn't feel real sometimes, having someone else's heart in my body, but it just feels like mine now.
"I'm really glad I have it and I feel incredibly lucky."
Dr Matthew Fenton, consultant paediatric cardiologist and heart transplant doctor at GOSH, says it's worth remembering that organ donation is a precious gift.
"I want to recognise the generosity and thoughtfulness of all the people and families who have donated organs over the years and made these transplants possible.
"At such an incredibly difficult time for their own family, organ donation can be a tough decision to make - but it's also an extremely powerful one in granting a child a second chance at life."
Dr Fenton, who looks after the families before and after transplant surgery takes place, says children are not just restricted to accepting a heart from another child.
Larger adults hearts can be transplanted into quite young children, he explains.
"A heart from a 60kg adult can be matched with a six-year-old who weighs just 20kg.
"That's why we need more adults donating because their organs can be used in children, and that means the smaller hearts which become available can be used for much...

Summary: Nearly four years ago Sophie Gilman, from Sevenoaks, was in bad way.
###
Article: Kamal C Chavara was detained by the police in Kerala state on Sunday after the youth wing of the Hindu nationalist BJP lodged a complaint against him.
Last month, the Supreme Court ruled that the anthem must be played in every cinema before a film is screened.
Some 20 people have been held in Kerala and Tamil Nadu since then for remaining seated during the anthem.
Also, India's colonial-era sedition law has been often used against students, journalists, writers and social activists and those critical of the government.
Reports said that the BJP's youth wing lodged a complaint against a Facebook post by Mr Chavara which allegedly insulted the anthem. The post was apparently an excerpt from one of his books.
Senior police official Sateesh Bino told the NDTV news channel that the writer-activist "is being questioned for his controversial post on the national anthem on Facebook" and had been charged with sedition.
Earlier this month, 12 people were arrested at a cinema in Kerala, after they remained seated while the national anthem played.
The cinemagoers, who were attending an international film festival, were later freed but they face charges of "failure to obey an order issued by a public servant, thereby causing obstruction or annoyance to others".
And at a cinema in Chennai, eight people who did not stand for the anthem were assaulted and abused, police said. The eight were later charged with showing disrespect to the anthem.

Summary:


A man has been arrested in connection with the shooting of a man in Sheffield.
A man has been arrested in connection with the shooting of a man in Sheffield.
The man was arrested on suspicion of murder and is currently in police custody.
The man was arrested on suspicion of murder and is currently in police custody

A 23-year-old man has died after being shot in a Sheffield street.

Article: In a statement,the US Department of Agriculture saidschools buying beef from a central government scheme could now choose from a range of options.
The term has become used to describe a type of beef trimming commonly found in school and restaurant beef in the US.
Reports it was widely used in schools prompted a popular outcry, although the beef is certified as safe to eat.
Social media campaigns and an online petition sprung up to oppose the use of the product. The beef's producerled a campaignto explain it was nutritional and safe.
Last year, British celebrity chef Jamie Oliver publicly criticised the product on his now-defunct US TV show, and McDonald's recently said it would phase out the use of "pink slime" in its burgers.
The US agriculture department said on Thursday it would now offer alternatives to the beef - officially called lean finely textured beef - for schools buying meat through its programmes.
The department (USDA) said the change was "due to customer demand".
"USDA continues to affirm the safety of Lean Finely Textured Beef product for all consumers and urges customers to consult science based information on the safety and quality of this product," it added.
School administrators reacted positively to the change.
"Our district has long advocated for purity and disclosure in food products. And we will definitely be moving to the pure ground beef when that becomes available," John Schuster, spokesman for Florida's Miami-Dade school system, told the Associated Press.
"Pink slime" - a term reportedly coined by a microbiologist working for the US government - is a form of lean beef formed by reclaiming the small parts of meat from leftover cuts with a high fat content.
The beef is spun in a centrifuge to separate the meat from the fat, before the final product is treated with a puff of ammonium hydroxide gas to kill any bacteria.
Produced in bulk by a firm in South Dakota, the pejorative nature of the term "pink slime" has coloured the debate, some experts say.
It is "unappetising", Sarah Klein,...

Summary: Schools across the US are to be allowed to stop serving so-called "pink slime" beef to their pupils at mealtimes.
###
Article: The UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that Kurdish security forces had been targeted.
The Syrian military has not commented, but sources said the Kurds had seized government buildings in Hassakeh and nearby Qamishli.
Both sides were later reported to have agreed a ceasefire.
However, the Kurdish Democratic Union Party's Popular Protection Units (YPG) militia said it would "not be silent" over what it called an act of flagrant aggression.
Kurds made up between 7% and 10% of Syria's population of 24.5 million before the uprising against President Bashar al-Assad began five years ago.
Although they were denied basic rights and suffered decades of political suppression by the Arab-led state, most Kurds avoided taking sides when a wave of protests swept the country.
When government forces withdrew from Kurdish areas to concentrate on fighting rebels elsewhere in mid-2012, Kurdish militias swiftly took control, led by the YPG.
The Kurds later established autonomous administrations but allowed the government to retain footholds in Hassakeh and Qamishli.
Both sides largely avoided clashes in the past four years, with the government focusing on fighting the rebels and the Kurds on battling so-called Islamic State, but tensions have increased recently.
In March, Kurdish parties unilaterally declared the establishment of a new federal region, a move that was rejected by both the government and the opposition.
The next month, several members of the pro-government National Defence Forces (NDF) militia in Qamishli were killed in several days of clashes with Kurdish security personnel, known as the Asayish.
The latest clashes are said to have erupted in Hassakeh on Tuesday and had spread to several locations around the city by Wednesday, according to the Syrian Observatory.
A spokesman for the Popular Protection Units (YPG), the militia of the powerful Kurdish Democratic Union Party (PYD), said the air strikes had hit Kurdish districts and Asayish positions.
"There are martyrs and wounded," Redur Xelil...

Summary: Syrian government jets have reportedly bombed Kurdish-held areas of the north-eastern city of Hassakeh for the first time since the civil war began in 2011.
###
Article: Customers will be able to choose to use the free power either on Saturday or Sunday, between 9am and 5pm.
British Gas said consumers should see savings of about Â£60 a year.
But experts said it will not necessarily be the cheapest deal on the market, and advised people to shop around with other suppliers.
Most of British Gas's 11 million customers will not be eligible immediately, as only 2.4 million of these currently have smart meters.
For the first time, smart meters enable energy firms to work out the time of day when people are using power.
The move follows an announcement by British Gas in April that it had lost 224,000 customers in the first three months of 2016.
British Gas said the new FreeTime tariff will be the cheapest dual fuel deal on offer from the company.
But independent energy expert Ann Robinson said consumers can find lower tariffs elsewhere.
"Consumers need to think about the small print, shop around and see if there's a better deal out there," she said.
However, she welcomed the innovative use of smart meters, saying people might be prepared to change habits to save money.
"It's worth thinking about cooking your major roasts and stews, or doing two or three rounds of laundry on the same day," she said.
Experts expect other suppliers to follow suit.
Large energy suppliers have now installed 2.75 million residential smart meters across the UK, less than 6% of all meters, according to the latest government figures.
In total, 53 million smart meters are due to be installed by 2020.
British Gas said it would install a smart meter for anyone who wanted to go on the new tariff, as long as they were eligible.
Why are we using less energy than we used to?

Summary: British Gas is to offer free electricity for eight hours at weekends to two million customers who have smart meters installed.
###
Article: The victim was fatally injured outside a property on Daniel Hill Terrace, Upperthorpe, close to the city centre.
People living in the area said the man was either in, or close to, a black Mercedes car he had been driving when he was shot.
Officers, called to the scene at about 13:35 GMT, found the man with a gunshot wound to his chest. Armed police sealed off the area.
The victim was taken to Northern General hospital but died from his injuries.
Local residents said the man was a member of a family who live close to the scene of the shooting.
They said relatives had been gathering for a family celebration when the attack occurred.
Many came out of the house to try to help him after hearing the shot, neighbours said.
There have been a number of shootings in Sheffield in recent weeks, although all the previous incidents have been in the north of the city and not close to the Upperthorpe area.
On Monday, a 25-year-old man was seriously injured when he was shot in the street in the Shiregreen area.
Earlier this month, an elderly couple were left shocked when shots were fired through their living room window in the Southey Green area - an incident police believe was a case of mistaken identity.
In January shots were fired at houses in two separate incidents in the same street in High Green.

Summary:


The UK's first ever "universal basic income" scheme has been launched in Wales.
The scheme will be paid to people who are unemployed and have no other means of support.
The scheme will be paid to people who are unemployed and have no other means of support.
The scheme will be paid to people who

Paying everyone in Wales a universal basic income would be a "worrying and extremely expensive socialist experiment", an economist has warned.

Article: The script in the site targeted visitors using the anonymising web browser Tor and sent information about their computers to a server in France.
The code may have been written by a law enforcement agency and there are fears it could have been used on other sites to track law-abiding people.
An update to the Tor browser has disabled the tracker.
Tor is designed to let people access pages from the so-called dark web and browse free from surveillance.
But the hidden code in the illicit website exploited a security flaw in Tor to send user information back to a mysterious server in France.
The vulnerability also affected the Mozilla's Firefox browser, on which Tor is based.
Technology news site Motherboard found online posts referring to the discovery of the tracking code on the child sex abuse website.
One user described the code as a network investigative technique (Nit), which can be used by law enforcement to help identify people browsing the web anonymously.
The website in question was shut down on 15 November.
The party behind the tracking code has not been identified, but one security researcher told news site Ars Technica that a majority of the code matched a script deployed by the FBI in 2013.
Daniel Veditz, security lead at Firefox-maker Mozilla, said in a blog: "The exploit in this case works in essentially the same way as the 'network investigative technique' used by [the] FBI to deanonymise Tor users.
"This similarity has led to speculation that this exploit was created by FBI or another law enforcement agency.  As of now, we do not know whether this is the case.
"If this exploit was in fact developed and deployed by a government agency, the fact that it has been published and can now be used by anyone to attack Firefox users is a clear demonstration of how supposedly limited government hacking can become a threat to the broader web."
The security flaw has now been patched in both Firefox and Tor.

Summary: Hidden code that tracked visitors to a child sex abuse image website has been discovered by its members.
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Article: Thousands of revellers hit the streets for one of the world's largest gay and lesbian festivals - the Sydney Mardi Gras parade.
Organisers said about 250,000 people came out to watch the parade down Sydney's Oxford Street.
The annual parade began as a protest in the 1970s, but now has almost 200 floats and thousands of marching participants.

Summary: All pictures copyrighted
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Article: The North Belfast MP claimed she had been deceptive when answering questions about her powers in respect of a controversial Orange parade ruling.
Mr Dodds had asked what she was going to do about a Parades Commission decision to restrict a 12 July march.
The parade is due to pass a sectarian flashpoint in Ardoyne, north Belfast.
Mr Dodds, who is the leader of the Democratic Unionist Party at Westminster, was ordered to leave the chamber by the Speaker, John Bercow, for using unparliamentary language.
The DUP MP had first asked Ms Villiers about her response to the parade ruling during Northern Ireland Questions (NIQs) earlier on Wednesday.
Dissatisfied with her answer, Mr Dodds later raised the matter in a point of order.
He told the Commons he had asked Ms Villiers what she intended to do about what he called the "outrageous and scandalous decision of the Parades Commission last night in Northern Ireland, which is causing enormous pain and tensions to be rising in north Belfast and across the province and has the potential for severe trouble on our streets."
"In reply to my question, the secretary of state did not address the point of her powers on an application by the chief constable. I have to say Mr Speaker, in my view that was deliberately deceptive and I think that was absolutely outrageous and will not go down well in terms of the people back home.
"The secretary of state has the responsibility to do something about the outrageous decisions of the Parades Commission in Northern Ireland and unless she acts there will be difficulties ahead," Mr Dodds said.
The Speaker repeatedly asked Mr Dodds to withdraw his comments, which he said were unparliamentary.
Mr Bercow told Mr Dodds: "You must withdraw the words 'deliberately deceptive'.
"It is not appropriate to accuse any member of this House of seeking to deliberately deceive or mislead it. Please withdraw the words now."
However, Mr Dodds refused to do so, telling the Speaker that "reluctantly" he could not comply with his demand.
Mr Bercow then ordered...

Summary: The DUP's Nigel Dodds has been ordered from the Commons chamber after accusing the Northern Ireland Secretary, Theresa Villiers, of "deliberate deception".
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Article: Finance Secretary Mark Drakeford said the idea was "attractive" and could help tackle poverty and inequality.
Supporters said it would help unemployed people who fear taking a job would lead to cuts in their benefits.
But Patrick Minford from Cardiff University's Business School said it was "not a workable scheme".
Under Universal Basic Income (UBI) everyone would receive the same sum of money regardless of whether they work or not.
There would be no requirements to show an individual is looking for a job either.
In Scotland the policy has support from across the political spectrum, with feasibility work under way ahead of possible pilot schemes in Glasgow and Fife.
Jamie Cooke, head of the RSA think tank in Scotland, told the BBC's Sunday Politics Wales programme: "Moving from a system where you aren't working to a system where you are, you won't face those penalties, you retain your consistent payment.
"You're given the security to be able to choose to work... or training, or to set up your own business in a way that is beneficial to you."
However Prof Minford, who was an adviser to former prime minister Margaret Thatcher, told the programme: "This is not a workable scheme because it's far too expensive.
"It creates a tremendous tax, a disincentive for the average person further up the income scale who's paying for it all."
Mr Drakeford told the assembly earlier in January he found the idea of UBI "attractive in the way that it can simplify and support people who currently have to rely on a very complex set of part-time work, part-time benefits and so on".
But he added: "The political world will face a job of convincing the public about the merits of the scheme."
Asked if he was worried by Mr Drakeford's comments, Prof Minford replied: "It's quite worrying for Wales.
"I'm hoping Wales won't go the same way [as Scotland] towards this sort of extremely expensive socialist experiment".

Summary:


The Scottish government has said it will not support the proposed interconnector between the mainland and the Western Isles.
The Scottish government said it will not support the proposed interconnector between the mainland and the Western Isles.
The Scottish government said it will not support the proposed interconnector between the mainland and the Western

Ofgem has asked for more information on why a subsea cable is needed to carry electricity generated on the Western Isles to the mainland.

Article: Huw Aled Jones, 44, of Rhydtalog, near Mold, Flintshire, was found to have dead and dying animals on his land.
He admitted causing unnecessary suffering to animals, failing to identify them, failing to report animal deaths and not disposing of carcasses.
He was sentenced to 16 weeks in prison, suspended for two years at Flintshire Magistrates Court.
The court heard Jones had always worked on the family farm but had been unable to cope after his father died.
His marriage broke down, the farm was no longer sustainable and he worked 12-hour days at a dairy in Shropshire, which led to his failure to care for the sheep and cows.
The court heard he had ignored advice from council officers, failed to get veterinary attention for the animals, and did not properly feed them, resulting in their long-term neglect.
Several dead, injured and dying animals were discovered on the farm following a tip-off, including calves and lambs.
Probation officer Pamela Roberts said Jones did try to care for the animals and had shown great remorse for his actions.

Summary: A farmer who failed to properly care for his livestock has been banned from owning animals for six years.
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Article: Cheryl Briggs is standing aside as the party's prospective Oxford West and Abingdon candidate "to put the greater good" before Green Party interests.
She said Liberal Democrat Layla Moran offered "the best chance of beating the Conservatives".
The Tories said the move was "proof of grubby deals" by opposition parties.
Conservative Nicola Blackwood won the seat from Liberal Democrat Evan Harris by 176 votes in 2010.
Ms Blackwood increased her majority to beat the second place Liberal Democrats by 9,582 votes in the 2015 general election.
The Green Party has asked Labour to support Ms Moran.
Oxfordshire Green Party chairwoman Sarah Wood said: "Given the damage that an unconstrained Conservative government can do, we would hope that they can be brave enough to put the national interest above narrow party politics this time."
Oxford city councillor and disability rights campaigner Marie Tidball is contesting the seat for Labour.
A Labour spokeswoman said: "There's only one alternative government and that's Labour.
"The only way to get the change we need, to build a fair economy and strong public services is to vote Labour. People don't want backroom deals."
The Green Party has also agreed not to contest Twickenham and Richmond Park, in favour of the Liberal Democrats.
The Lib Dems will not contest Brighton Pavilion, which is held by the Greens' co-leader Caroline Lucas.
A Conservative spokeswoman said: "This is yet more proof of grubby deals being struck to build a coalition of chaos that would prop up Jeremy Corbyn in Downing Street.
"Make no mistake; whether it says Green or Lib Dem on the ballot, it is Jeremy Corbyn who will get the vote to take charge of our Brexit negotiations."

Summary: The Green Party will not contest one of Oxford's constituencies in the general election after agreeing to support the Liberal Democrats.
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Article: Chinese exporters into the US - including Suntech - will now face customs tariffs of between 2.9% and 4.73%, the Commerce Department said.
In 2011, imports of solar cells from China into the US were valued at $3.1bn (Â£1.96bn), it added.
The price of solar panels dropped more than 30% last year, mainly linked to cheaper panels made in China.
"Countervailable subsidies are financial assistance from foreign governments that benefit the production of goods from foreign companies," the Commerce Department said.
China's Suntech, the world's largest producer of solar panels, will now face duties of 2.9% to offset what the US said is its subsidy from the Chinese government.
Another firm, Changzhou Trina Solar Energy, will receive duties of 4.73%.
All others face duties of 3.61%.
US customs will collect deposits equivalent to these amounts now and the Commerce Department will make a final ruling in June.
The US will also rule on whether China's solar panel output is violating its anti-dumping rules on 17 May.
Chinese firms have said that they are not the only ones that receive government help - for example, the US has subsidies to encourage people to install solar panels.
China has already said it will launch its own investigation into US government support for renewable energy.

Summary: The US has imposed duties on Chinese solar panel manufacturers after it said that they received unfair subsidies.
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Article: Scottish Hydro-Electric Transmission Ltd, a division of energy giant SSE, submitted the "needs case" as part of the planning process for the cable.
After assessing the case, energy regulator Ofgem has asked for further details to be submitted.
The project has been hit by delays and a rise in costs to an estimated Â£780m.
Islands local authority, Comhairle nan Eilean Siar, has said major renewable energy projects planned for the isles cannot go ahead without the cable.
The interconnector would export electricity to the mainland for distribution.
It would stretch to about 50 miles (80km) from Gravir on Lewis to Ullapool on the north-west coast of mainland Scotland.
The Scottish government has been involved in talks on the project.
A spokesperson said: "This is a matter for SSE and Ofgem, but we would encourage the company and regulator to move swiftly to resolve this issue.
"Improved grid connections will enable the huge renewable energy resources of Scotland's islands to create jobs - up to 3,500 jobs in the Western Isles, almost 2,900 in the Shetlands and over 4,500 in the Orkney Islands by 2030.
The spokesperson added: "SSE put a business case for the Western Isles link to the electricity regulator Ofgem on 14 June, and today Ofgem have responded by setting out the detailed further information they require."

Summary:


The International Cycling Union (UCI) has said it is "extremely unhappy" with the poster which shows a hand moving towards a girl's backside.
The poster, which was posted on social media, shows a woman's backside being pinched by a man's hand.
The poster, which was posted

Cycling's governing body has condemned E3 Harelbeke organisers for a controversial billboard poster that promotes this year's race in Belgium.

Article: Fast forward again to 2014 and the characters have been revived for the big screen by DreamWorks in Mr Peabody and Sherman. This time, in the hands of The Lion King director Rob Minkoff.
Modern Family star Ty Burrell provides the voice of Peabody - a talking dog, business titan, inventor, scientist, Nobel laureate, gourmand, and two-time Olympic medallist.
The cast also included the voices of Burrell's on-screen Modern Family daughter Ariel Winter, Stanley Tucci and comedy stars Stephen Colbert, Leslie Mann and Mel Brooks.
"It was important to us from the beginning to be as authentic as possible to capture the spirit of the original but for a new audience," says director Minkoff.
It was originally created by US television-animation legend Jay Ward, who also came up with characters like George of the Jungle and Dudley Do-Right.
Each short segment saw Peabody and Sherman use his WABAC (or Wayback) machine to travel through time to visit historical figures such as Napoleon, Lord Nelson and Leonardo Da Vinci.
"I think Rob and DreamWorks have done a very good job in being very respectful to the original series," says Burrell. "We've been working with Jay Ward's estate and his daughter Tiffany and they gave us the thumbs up after seeing it which was a big relief."
Burrell, 46, is best known to TV audiences as the well meaning but clumsy "cool, dad" Phil Dunphy in the hit US series Modern Family - a role for which he has won one Emmy and been nominated for three more.
"I had done some TV voice work and I've done some commercial voice work but this is my first feature film and I tried to enter into it with my ears and eyes opening in terms of learning," he explains.
"I wanted to be respectful of Bill Scott who was the original voice and pay homage to him but also it's important that I create my own voice.
"The first voice was essentially me imitating Bill which is completely unsustainable because he is in such a higher register than me, I have a very deep voice, so that was ill-advised and then slowly it worked back...

Summary: Travel back in time 55 years to 1959 and the first series of the American animated show Rocky and his Friends, later to be called The Rocky & Bullwinkle show, and it included a short segment called Peabody's Improbable History, starring a super-intelligent dog and his pet boy Sherman travelling through time.
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Article: Last Saturday's incident, when dormitories were burned down at a boarding school in western Kenya, was one of many this year.
But it caught people's attention as it appeared to be the result of anger that students were not allowed to watch a live broadcast of a Euro 2016 football match.
Many thought that there must be a more profound reason.
This week alone, there have been four other school fires, and media reports say there have been at least 16 fire incidents in schools in western Kenya this year, mostly around Kisii.
Kenyans have been debating the issue on social media and radio talk shows.
Some suggest that this is a matter of indiscipline, caused by poor parenting, and that caning should be reintroduced.
Kenya banned corporal punishment in 2001.
The experts and politicians are also looking into the issue and offering their own solutions.
Kenya's Standard newspaper reports that education officials have identified several reasons behind the school unrest.
These include:
There was also the suggestion that some teachers may have been involved in the planning of the attacks.
Kenya's Education Minister Fred Matiang'i joined the chorus of people blaming parents for the indiscipline.
He said they should take responsibility for "instilling the right values" and prevent students from taking antisocial behaviour into schools.
On a visit to the school affected on Saturday, Mr Matiang'i said the parents of those behind the arson should pay for the damage.
Deputy President William Ruto proposed his own solutions, calling for student mentoring and more prayers in schools.
Meanwhile, some local education officials have blamed politicians for not being good role models.
John Mugo, head of education charity Twaweza, believes the problem lies with poorly prepared teachers.
He told the BBC that indiscipline was the result of the absence of guidance to teachers on how to manage students' behaviour.
"The government banned caning in schools and has failed to introduce alternative ways of dealing with indiscipline," he...

Summary: School arson attacks carried out by students appear to have become a trend in Kenya, leaving people to speculate about the causes, although no-one seems to agree.
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Article: Over the years, 20,462 members of BHS staff from shop workers to executives paid into the BHS final-salary pension scheme. They will now receive less in retirement than they might have expected.
The scheme, which has a black hole, or deficit, of Â£571m, is now in the hands of the Pension Protection Fund (PPF) - a lifeboat organisation that steps in when companies go bust.
The BHS scheme is only one of thousands of final-salary pension schemes connected to companies across the UK - schemes which guarantee to pay a retirement income based on a percentage of your final salary every year for the rest of your life.
Latest figures from the PPF show that UK final-salary pension schemes have a collective deficit of Â£302bn. There are 4,891 schemes in deficit compared with 1,054 in surplus.
Some of these schemes are struggling, so should pensioners and employees be worried?
There is little doubt that some are struggling.
Schemes are facing "challenging times", says Joe Dabrowski, from the Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association (PLSA) - the trade body for pension schemes.
Calum Cooper, of pensions consultancy Hymans Robertson, paints a bleak picture.
"There are between 600 and 1,000 final-salary pension schemes at risk of not being able to pay the pensions of their members during their retirement. This is a very significant number and puts over a million pensions and jobs at risk," he says.
There are two major causes of the black hole in final-salary pension schemes, experts agree.
The first is relatively simple - people are living for longer. That makes pensions more expensive for companies because they are paying pensioners for longer.
The second major problem is the uncertain economic outlook. Pension schemes rely on the contributions from employees being successfully invested.
There has been a long period of low interest rates and volatile markets making it difficult to make money from investing.
Mr Cooper says that final-salary schemes pumped in Â£30bn in the last year to try to make up for poor returns, but it...

Summary: The travails of BHS and its pension scheme have thrown a spotlight onto the health of final-salary pensions.
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Article: The International Cycling Union (UCI) said it was "extremely unhappy" with the poster which shows a hand moving towards a girl's backside.
"We have reminded the organiser of its responsibility," said a UCI statement.
The poster mimics the antics of 2014 winner Peter Sagan who pinched a podium girl at the 2013 Tour of Flanders.
Although the UCI press release states that organisers have agreed to remove the poster, which also carries the tagline, 'Who squeezes them in Harelbeke?', it is still being used to promote the event on social media.
In 2014 UCI president Brian Cookson described a cycling team's kit as "unacceptable by any standards" after it appeared to make the female riders look naked.
Photos of the Colombian team's outfit for the Giro della Toscana in Italy showed what seemed to be a skin-coloured fabric around their waist and hips and caused controversy on social media.
The E3 Harelbeke, which is on 27 March this year, starts and finishes in Harelbeke and covers 210kms of the Flanders region.
The race is part of the UCI World Tour and is regarded as a preparation for the  seven Spring Classics which include the Tour of Flanders..

Summary: