{
  "cell_types": [
    "Neurons",
    "Astrocytes",
    "Oligodendrocytes",
    "Microglia",
    "Endothelial cells"
  ],
  "genes": [
    "GeneA",
    "GeneB",
    "GeneC",
    "GeneD",
    "GeneE"
  ],
  "expression_levels": [
    {
      "cell_type": "Neurons",
      "GeneA": 5.2,
      "GeneB": 3.1,
      "GeneC": 4.5,
      "GeneD": 2.8,
      "GeneE": 3.7
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "Astrocytes",
      "GeneA": 2.4,
      "GeneB": 5.6,
      "GeneC": 3.3,
      "GeneD": 6.1,
      "GeneE": 3.4
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "Oligodendrocytes",
      "GeneA": 3.7,
      "GeneB": 2.8,
      "GeneC": 5.2,
      "GeneD": 4.4,
      "GeneE": 4.0
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "Microglia",
      "GeneA": 6.3,
      "GeneB": 4.2,
      "GeneC": 3.8,
      "GeneD": 5.0,
      "GeneE": 4.6
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "Endothelial cells",
      "GeneA": 4.5,
      "GeneB": 3.9,
      "GeneC": 4.1,
      "GeneD": 3.5,
      "GeneE": 5.8
    }
  ]
}
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import Image

def generate_plot(data):
    # Prepare DataFrame from the input data
    df = pd.DataFrame(data['expression_levels'])
    
    # Set seaborn style
    sns.set(style="whitegrid")
    
    # Define colors palette
    colors = sns.color_palette("hsv", len(data['genes']))
    
    # Plot the stacked bar chart
    plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
    
    # Calculate the positions and heights for stacked plot
    bottom = np.zeros(len(data['cell_types']))
    
    for i, gene in enumerate(data['genes']):
        plt.bar(data['cell_types'], df[gene], bottom=bottom, color=colors[i], label=gene)
        bottom += df[gene].values
    
    # Add some unique style elements
    plt.title('Gene Expression Levels in Different Cell Types', fontsize=15, fontweight='bold', color="DarkBlue")
    plt.xlabel('Cell Types', fontsize=12, fontweight='bold')
    plt.ylabel('Expression Levels', fontsize=12, fontweight='bold')
    
    # Rotate x-tick labels for better readability
    plt.xticks(rotation=45, ha='right')
    
    # Add legend with unique style
    plt.legend(title="Genes", title_fontsize='13', fancybox=True, shadow=True, fontsize='10', loc='upper left')
    
    # Remove spines for aesthetics
    sns.despine(left=True, bottom=True)
    
    # Save the plot to a BytesIO object
    buf = BytesIO()
    plt.savefig(buf, format='png')
    buf.seek(0)
    
    # Convert the BytesIO object to a PIL Image
    img = Image.open(buf)
    
    # Close plot to free memory
    plt.close()
    
    return img
The figure is a stacked bar chart titled "Gene Expression Levels in Different Cell Types." It examines the expression levels of five genes, identified as GeneA, GeneB, GeneC, GeneD, and GeneE, across five different cell types: Neurons, Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, and Endothelial cells.

Each cell type is represented along the x-axis, and their corresponding gene expression levels are plotted on the y-axis. The expression levels for each gene within a cell type are stacked on top of each other. This stacking allows for easy comparison of total gene expression levels across cell types, while also highlighting the contribution of each specific gene.

The colors used to represent each gene are unique, with an HSV color palette ensuring clear differentiation. GeneA features a color distinct from GeneB, and so forth through GeneE. The legend on the figure's top left corner designates which color corresponds to which gene, making it straightforward to identify each gene's contribution in the stacked bar segments.

The bars for each cell type provide a clear visual cue on the total gene expression level, with the height of each stacked segment within the bar illustrating the expression level of the individual genes. 

**Key Insights and Patterns:**
1. **Neurons**: GeneA has the highest expression level in Neurons, contributing significantly compared to other genes. GeneB, GeneC, and GeneE also show moderate expression levels, while GeneD has the lowest expression in this cell type.
   
2. **Astrocytes**: GeneD shows the highest expression in Astrocytes, standing out prominently. GeneB also has a high expression level. GeneA and GeneC have moderate expression, while GeneE has the lowest among the genes in Astrocytes.

3. **Oligodendrocytes**: GeneC peaks in the expression levels for Oligodendrocytes. Both GeneA and GeneD exhibit moderate levels of expression, whereas GeneB and GeneE have relatively lower levels.

4. **Microglia**: GeneA shows the highest expression in Microglia, followed by GeneD. The other genes, GeneB, GeneC, and GeneE, demonstrate moderate levels of expression, with GeneC being the lowest expressed in Microglia.

5. **Endothelial cells**: GeneE stands out with the highest expression level in Endothelial cells. Genes A, B, and C exhibit moderate but similar levels of expression. Interestingly, GeneD is the least expressed in Endothelial cells among the genes studied.

From the description, it is clear that different cell types exhibit unique gene expression profiles, with certain genes being more dominant in specific cell types. Notably, GeneD is highly expressed in Astrocytes, and GeneA shows significant levels in both Neurons and Microglia. GeneE is markedly higher in Endothelial cells, illustrating its possibly critical role in these cells. This figure visually summarizes the complex patterns of gene expression, providing valuable insights into cellular functions and behaviors.
[
    {
        "question": "Which cell type has the highest total gene expression level?",
        "answer": "Astrocytes",
        "explanation": "Astrocytes have high expression levels for multiple genes, prominently GeneB and GeneD, which sum up to the highest total expression level when compared visually with other cell types."
    },
    {
        "question": "Which gene has the highest expression level in Microglia?",
        "answer": "GeneA",
        "explanation": "In Microglia, GeneA is represented by the tallest individual segment in the stacked bar, indicating the highest expression level for GeneA in this cell type."
    },
    {
        "question": "In which cell type is GeneD most strongly expressed?",
        "answer": "Astrocytes",
        "explanation": "GeneD's section of the bar is tallest in Astrocytes, indicating this cell type exhibits the highest expression level for GeneD."
    },
    {
        "question": "Which cell type has the lowest expression of GeneE?",
        "answer": "Astrocytes",
        "explanation": "Astrocytes show the smallest segment for GeneE in the stacked bars, indicating the lowest expression level compared to other cell types."
    },
    {
        "question": "What is the dominant gene in Endothelial cells?",
        "answer": "GeneE",
        "explanation": "The height of the segment representing GeneE is the largest in the stacked bar for Endothelial cells, indicating it is the dominant gene with the highest expression."
    },
    {
        "question": "Which gene has the lowest expression level across all cell types?",
        "answer": "GeneD",
        "explanation": "By visually comparing the segment sizes for GeneD across all cell types, it consistently shows relative lower heights, leading to the conclusion that it has the lowest expression overall."
    },
    {
        "question": "Do Oligodendrocytes have a higher expression level of GeneC or GeneA?",
        "answer": "GeneC",
        "explanation": "In Oligodendrocytes, the segment for GeneC is taller compared to the segment of GeneA, confirming a higher expression level of GeneC."
    },
    {
        "question": "Which gene has a roughly similar expression level across most cell types?",
        "answer": "GeneE",
        "explanation": "GeneE appears to have segments of fairly consistent height across different cell types, indicating fairly uniform expression levels."
    },
    {
        "question": "What is the expression level pattern of GeneB in different cell types?",
        "answer": "Variable with the highest in Astrocytes",
        "explanation": "The segment height for GeneB varies among cell types, with Astrocytes showing the tallest segment (indicating the highest expression) while other cell types have smaller segments."
    },
    {
        "question": "Which cell type's total gene expression is similar to that of Neurons?",
        "answer": "Microglia",
        "explanation": "By visually comparing the total height of the stacked bars for Neurons and Microglia, both appear to have similar overall gene expression levels."
    }
]