Document Embedding for Scientific Articles: Efficacy of Word Embeddings
  vs TFIDF
  Over the last few years, neural network derived word embeddings became
popular in the natural language processing literature. Studies conducted have
mostly focused on the quality and application of word embeddings trained on
public available corpuses such as Wikipedia or other news and social media
sources. However, these studies are limited to generic text and thus lack
technical and scientific nuances such as domain specific vocabulary,
abbreviations, or scientific formulas which are commonly used in academic
context. This research focuses on the performance of word embeddings applied to
a large scale academic corpus. More specifically, we compare quality and
efficiency of trained word embeddings to TFIDF representations in modeling
content of scientific articles. We use a word2vec skip-gram model trained on
titles and abstracts of about 70 million scientific articles. Furthermore, we
have developed a benchmark to evaluate content models in a scientific context.
The benchmark is based on a categorization task that matches articles to
journals for about 1.3 million articles published in 2017. Our results show
that content models based on word embeddings are better for titles (short text)
while TFIDF works better for abstracts (longer text). However, the slight
improvement of TFIDF for larger text comes at the expense of 3.7 times more
memory requirement as well as up to 184 times higher computation times which
may make it inefficient for online applications. In addition, we have created a
2-dimensional visualization of the journals modeled via embeddings to
qualitatively inspect embedding model. This graph shows useful insights and can
be used to find competitive journals or gaps to propose new journals.
