Explaining Explanations to Society
  There is a disconnect between explanatory artificial intelligence (XAI)
methods and the types of explanations that are useful for and demanded by
society (policy makers, government officials, etc.) Questions that experts in
artificial intelligence (AI) ask opaque systems provide inside explanations,
focused on debugging, reliability, and validation. These are different from
those that society will ask of these systems to build trust and confidence in
their decisions. Although explanatory AI systems can answer many questions that
experts desire, they often don't explain why they made decisions in a way that
is precise (true to the model) and understandable to humans. These outside
explanations can be used to build trust, comply with regulatory and policy
changes, and act as external validation. In this paper, we focus on XAI methods
for deep neural networks (DNNs) because of DNNs' use in decision-making and
inherent opacity. We explore the types of questions that explanatory DNN
systems can answer and discuss challenges in building explanatory systems that
provide outside explanations for societal requirements and benefit.
