Decentralized MCTS via Learned Teammate Models
  Decentralized online planning can be an attractive paradigm for cooperative
multi-agent systems, due to improved scalability and robustness. A key
difficulty of such approach lies in making accurate predictions about the
decisions of other agents. In this paper, we present a trainable online
decentralized planning algorithm based on decentralized Monte Carlo Tree
Search, combined with models of teammates learned from previous episodic runs.
By only allowing one agent to adapt its models at a time, under the assumption
of ideal policy approximation, successive iterations of our method are
guaranteed to improve joint policies, and eventually lead to convergence to a
Nash equilibrium. We test the efficiency of the algorithm by performing
experiments in several scenarios of the spatial task allocation environment
introduced in [Claes et al., 2015]. We show that deep learning and
convolutional neural networks can be employed to produce accurate policy
approximators which exploit the spatial features of the problem, and that the
proposed algorithm improves over the baseline planning performance for
particularly challenging domain configurations.
