system
Context: An atoll (, , , , or ), sometimes called a coral atoll, is a ring-shaped coral reef including a coral rim that encircles a lagoon partially or completely. There may be coral islands/cays on the rim. The coral of the atoll often sits atop the rim of an extinct seamount or volcano which has eroded or subsided partially beneath the water. The lagoon forms over the volcanic crater or caldera while the higher rim remains above water or at shallow depths that permit the coral to grow and form the reefs. For the atoll to persist, continued erosion or subsidence must be at a rate slow enough to permit reef growth upwards and outwards to replace the lost height. 

The word "atoll" comes from the Dhivehi (an Indo-Aryan language spoken on the Maldive Islands) word "atholhu" (Dhivehi: , ), meaning an administrative subdivision. Its first recorded use in English was in 1625 as "atollon" – Charles Darwin recognized its indigenous origin and coined, in his "The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs", the definition of atolls as "circular groups of coral islets" that is synonymous with "lagoon-island". 

More modern definitions of "atoll" describe them as "annular reefs enclosing a lagoon in which there are no promontories other than reefs and islets composed of reef detritus" or "in an exclusively morphological sense, [as] a ring-shaped ribbon reef enclosing a lagoon".
human
what kind of coral reef is discussed?
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a coral atoll
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what shape is it?
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a ring
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what is another attribute?
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it encircles a lagoon
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where is the coral?
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atop the rim
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of what?
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an extinct seamount or volcano
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above the water?
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partially
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what language does atoll come from?
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Dhivehi
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what word is it derived from?
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"atholhu"
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what does that mean?
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an administrative subdivision
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where is that language spoken?
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the Maldive Islands
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what is a modern meaning of atoll?
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annular reefs enclosing a lagoon
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when was it first used in English?
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in 1625
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by who?
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Charles Darwin
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how did he describe it?
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"circular groups of coral islets"
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what is it similar to?
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"lagoon-island"
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what word did he use for it?
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"atollon"