We're dividing 586437 by 40 
We want to figure out the number of times 586437 can be divided by 40.

Step 1:
The number 40 fits into 5 0 times, leaving a remainder of 5.
The next digit of our result is 0. 
Result so far: 0.0
Deduct 0 from 5 and we're left with 5.
Take the next digit (8) from the dividend and append it to 5, then repeat: 58 / 40

On to step 2:
If we divide 58 by 40, we get 1 and a remainder of 18.
The next digit of our result is 1. 
Result so far: 1.0
Deduct 40 from 58 and we're left with 18.
Take the next digit (6) from the dividend and append it to 18, then repeat: 186 / 40

On to step 3:
When dividing 186 by 40, we get 4 with a remainder of 26.
Record the quotient 4 as the next digit in the result. 
Result so far: 14.0
The remainder is 26 after subtracting 160 from 186.
Fetch the next digit (4) from the dividend, attach it to 26 and continue: 264 / 40

On to step 4:
264 divided by 40 is 6 with a remainder of 24.
Use 6 as the next digit of our solution. 
Result so far: 146.0
Deduct 240 from 264 and we're left with 24.
Take the next digit (3) from the dividend and append it to 24, then repeat: 243 / 40

Going ahead to step 5:
When dividing 243 by 40, we get 6 with a remainder of 3.
Record the quotient 6 as the next digit in the result. 
Result so far: 1466.0
Subtracting 240 from 243 leaves us with 3.
Bring next digit (7) of the dividend behind the 3 and repeat the process: 37 / 40

Going ahead to step 6:
37 divided by 40 is 0 with a remainder of 37.
The next digit of our result is 0. 
Result so far: 14660.0
Deduct 0 from 37 and we're left with 37.
Since there are no more digits in the dividend, we add a zero to the remainder making it 370, and continue the process.

Moving on to step 7:
370 divided by 40 is 9 with a remainder of 10.
Write down 9 as next digit of the result. 
Result so far: 14660.9
Subtracting 360 from 370 leaves us with 10.
Since there are no more digits in the dividend, we add a zero to the remainder making it 100, and continue the process.

Let's proceed to step 8:
The number 40 fits into 100 2 times, leaving a remainder of 20.
Record the quotient 2 as the next digit in the result. 
Result so far: 14660.92
Subtracting 80 from 100 leaves us with 20.
Since there are no more digits in the dividend, we add a zero to the remainder making it 200, and continue the process.

On to step 9:
40 goes into 200 5 times with a remainder of 0.
Record the quotient 5 as the next digit in the result. 
Result so far: 14660.925
If we take 200 away from 200, we end up with 0.
Since there are no more digits in the dividend, we add a zero to the remainder making it 0, and continue the process.

Going ahead to step 10:
The number 40 fits into 0 0 times, leaving a remainder of 0.
The number 0 becomes the next digit in our result. 
Result so far: 14660.925
If we take 0 away from 0, we end up with 0.
Since there are no more digits in the dividend, we add a zero to the remainder making it 0, and continue the process.

Going ahead to step 11:
The number 40 fits into 0 0 times, leaving a remainder of 0.
Write down 0 as next digit of the result. 
Result so far: 14660.925
Subtract 0 from 0 to get 0.
Since there are no more digits in the dividend, we add a zero to the remainder making it 0, and continue the process.

The quotient of the division is 14660.925, and the remainder is 0.0.