We are presented with 643 and 3997. Let's work out the sum.

Step 1: We'll start by adding the digits 3 & 7 in column 1 and get 10.
We'll write down the last digit 0 and carry the 1 to the next column.

Step 2: We'll start by adding the digits 4 & 9 in column 2 and get 14.
We'll write down the last digit 4 and carry the 1 to the next column.

Step 3: We'll start by adding the digits 6 & 9 in column 3 and get 16.
We'll write down the last digit 6 and carry the 1 to the next column.

Step 4: We'll start by adding the digits 0 & 3 in column 4 and get 4.

So, 643 + 3997 = 4640.

