(C, top) Immunoblot for TDP-43, lamin A/C, and actin from nuclear or cytosolic lysate fractions of mCherry-TDP-43-transfected VCP-WT-, VCP-RH-, VCP-AE-, or VCP-EQ-expressing cells. Note the increase in cytosolic TDP-43 from IBMPFD mutant- and EQ-expressing cells. (bottom) Immunoblot for TDP-43, lamin A/C, and actin from nuclear or cytosolic lysate fractions of untreated U20S cells transfected with mCherry-TDP-43 or similarly transfected cells treated with 30 µg/ml (cq1) or 120 µg/ml (cq2) chloroquine diphosphate or 200 ng/ml Baf. Data are representative of three independent experiments. Bar, 15 µm. 