(A) GFP-LC3 CHO cells were preincubated with 1 mM dybutiryl cAMP (+dbcAMP, panels d, e, and f) for 30 min and then were treated for 4 h with 10 µg/ml of α-hemolysin (Hla) or subjected to starvation conditions (Stv) in the continuous presence of dbcAMP. Cells without any treatment were used as control (−dbcAMP, panels a, b, and c). Cells were immediately analyzed by confocal microscopy. A quantification of the percentage of cells presenting LC3 puncta (i.e., stimulated cells) upon incubation with the different conditions is shown in the right panel (n = 100 cells/condition, * p<0.05 paired Student's t-test). These data are representative of three independent experiments. 