(f) Liver function tests of the mice used in d. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured. Data are means ± s.d. for Atg7F/F (control) (n = 24), Keap1F/F:Alb (n = 13), Atg7F/F:Alb (n = 9) and Keap1F/F:Atg7F/F:Alb mice (n = 7). Two asterisks, P 0.01. 