(b) Wortmannin treatment releases UVRAG from the ER. HeLa cells were treated with 100 nM wortmannin for 1h, and processed for confocal microscopy using anti-UVRAG and anti-PDI antibodies (top panel). UT, untreated. Insets highlight the relative localization of UVRAG at the ER. Confocal co-localization is indicated (bottom left panel). Data are mean±s.d.; n = 75 cells for each group from three independent experiments; ***P0.001. Endogenous UVRAG and PDI expression before and after wortmannin treatment were confirmed by immunoblotting (bottom right panel). 