A particle-based model of subepidermal blister healing at the basal layer. Epidermal basal cells (colored in blue), which do not divide, are placed on the basement membrane (gray). Stem cells (SCs, green) give rise to progeny (simulating HF-derived cells; red) within epidermal defects or in the surrounding epidermis (IFE-derived cells; yellow). t: arbitrary time. See Movie EV1. 