HEK293 cells were transfected with siCTL, siDDX5, or siXRN2. The gene location and qPCR amplification region are shown at the top of each panel. The identified R-loop peaks were extracted from R-loop database (R-loop DB) for each gene region. R-loop: DRIP denotes anti-S9.6 DRIP-qPCR and Pol II ChIP denotes RNA pol II ChIP. The bar graphs show the average and S.E.M. from at least three independent experiments. Statistical significance was assessed using Student's t-test. *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01 and ****: p < 0.0001. B, E, H, S and X denote the location of the BsrGI, EcoRI, HindIII, SspI, and XbaI. 