(a-f) HepG2 cells were treated with bovine serum albumin (Con), 500 μM PA or 100 nM rapamycin (Rap) for 9 h and subjected to following analyses. (a,c-f) Cells were stained with ubiquitin (Ub), p62, LC3 and LAMP1 antibodies and DAPI (blue). Boxed areas are magnified in right-most panels (c,d). Co-localization between LAMP1 and LC3 staining (e) was quantified (f; n=3). 