C. Visualization of inter alpha carbon distances between the AAA domains in the AMPPNP and the ADP-vi state of mutant 5 and wild-type dynein for alignments on AAA1L (left) and AAA2L (right). Black arrows indicate direction of movement when transitioning from the AMPPNP to the ADP-vi state while the size of the arrow indicates the magnitude of movement. We removed the linker for clarity. For wild-type, the structures of human cytoplasmic dynein 2 (ADP-vi state - PDB: 4RH7 and the yeast cytoplasmic dynein (AMPPNP state - PDB: 4W8F were used. For mutant 5 AMPPNP, we used the class 1 structure. 