(c) UVRAG interaction with bothPtdIns(3) P and RINT-1 is required for COPI-dependent retrograde transport, as shown by the redistribution of VSVG-KDELR from the Golgi to the ER. HeLa cells were transfected with control shRNA or UVRAG shRNA. The UVRAG-depleted cells were then complemented with empty vector, Flag-UVRAG, UVRAGΔ270−442, UVRAGK78A/R82A or UVRAGΔC2, along with the transfection of VSVG-KDELR-YFP. The ER pattern for the chimaeric KDELR was quantified (left panel). Data are the mean±s.d.; n = 200 cells obtained from three independent experiments; *P0.05; **P0.01. Endogenous and reconstituted UVRAG expression was confirmed by immunoblotting (right panel). 