Swollen AF conidia are taken up by macrophages. The AF-containing phagosome rapidly acidifies, resulting in the activation of endosomal PRRs such as TLR9. TLR9 signalling drives BTK activation, which in turn activates phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) by phosphorylation. PLCγ activation initiates the calcium flux required for calcineurin-mediated NFAT translocation into the nucleus. Additionally, NF-κB translocation is activated from the cell surface and acts in synergy with NFAT for TNF-α production. TNF-α secretion results in neutrophil recruitment which is the cell type required for efficient fungal clearance. 