Protein-scale validation: Comparison between predicted CS enrichment from leave-1-out validation to CS enrichment computed from all carbonylated peptides measured for E. coli (left) and D. radiodurans (right). Each point represents a different protein species. Predicted probability-weighted CS enrichment = (sum of carbonylation probabilities across training set sites)/(number of residues in corresponding peptides from experiments). Experimentally measured probability-weighted CS enrichment = (sum of empirical oxidation probabilities across training set sites)/(number of residues in corresponding peptides from experiments). The solid line is the fitted regression line, and dashed lines indicate the boundaries of the 95% confidence interval. 