These include international, regional, and country-specific codes such as the International federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations (IfPMA) (for emerging markets), the European federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EfPIA) (for Europe), and the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) code (for the united States) (see www.phrma.org/code-on-interactions-with-healthcare-professionals).