These include the following: operators of the interconnected electricity systems; distribution companies, operators of the European energy contracting markets, participants in the coupling processes of the organised markets (OMIE, EPEX and NordPool, among others), providers of system ancillary services; suppliers of the interruptibility demand-side management service; the Joint Allocation Office (JAO, S.A.), the company that performs the functions as the European Single Allocation Platform (SAP) for crossborder electricity exchange capacity auctions, and those agents/ entities that purchase exchange capacity at said auctions.