our credit loss ratio (clr) was below our within our 2016 target range, with retail impairments reflecting the benefit of selective growth and early action taken in the home loans and personal-loans markets while we, bolstered our central provision to r500m and increased rbb layouts to r699m. ■ our ‘optimise and invest’ strategy generated cost efficiencies of r915m, resulting in expense growth of only 6,4%, while investing in our mobile and distribution channels, innovation and systems, compliance demands and the rest of Africa.