This encompasses Vodafone’s total direct tax contribution in each country, including corporation tax, business rates or equivalent, employers’ national insurance contributions or equivalent, municipal and city taxes, sector-specific taxes (such as ‘special’ taxes, ‘telecoms’ taxes or ‘crisis’ taxes), stamp duty land tax, stamp duty reserve tax, irrecoverable Value Added Tax (VAT), insurance premium tax, climate change levy, environmental taxes, customs duties, fuel excise duties and acquisition taxes.