organizations to conduct analyses of the direct, indirect, and induced economic impacts of our operations inside and outside the U.S.PwC estimated our Intel Ireland operations have had an average annual contribution to the Irish economy of over $1.1 billion since we began operations there in 1989, and a 2018 study by Samuel Neaman Institute for National Policy Research estimated our Intel Israel operations contributed $5.2 billion to the Israeli economy in 2017.