Failure to comply with social and environmental standards in the supply chain: p could result in significant negative impacts on the environment (pollution of the air, water or soil, destruction of biodiversity, topographic risks, etc.), on employment (health and safety of employees, economic impact on host countries, etc.), on human rights (non-compliance with ILO rules, etc.) and on society in general (public health and safety, disruption to local residents, violation of the rights of indigenous peoples, failure to protect customers’ personal data, non-payment of taxes, etc.); p exposes the financial performance of car manufacturers and automotive equipment suppliers to three main risks: p remediation costs, p serious threats to their reputation with a potential adverse effect on revenue, p costs of inadequate quality and possible supply interruptions (labour-management problems at suppliers, administrative closure of suppliers’ production sites, etc.).