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Section 2
Section 1
Section 2
wetlands, rangelands, mangroves and forests); while afforestation and 
reforestation, restoration of high-carbon ecosystems, agroforestry, and 
the reclamation of degraded soils take more time to deliver measurable 
results. Signiﬁcant synergies exist between adaptation and mitigation, 
for example through sustainable land management approaches. 
Agroecological principles and practices and other approaches 
that work with natural processes support food security, nutrition, 
health and well-being, livelihoods and biodiversity, sustainability and 
ecosystem services. (high conﬁdence) {WGII SPM C.2.1, WGII SPM C.2.2, 
WGII SPM C.2.5, WGII TS.D.4.1; SRCCL SPM B.1.2, SRCCL SPM.B.6.1; 
SROCC SPM C.2}
Combinations of non-structural measures like early warning systems 
and structural measures like levees have reduced loss of lives in case 
of inland ﬂooding (medium conﬁdence) and early warning systems 
along with ﬂood-prooﬁng of buildings have proven to be cost-effective 
in the context of coastal ﬂooding under current sea level rise (high 
conﬁdence). Heat Health Action Plans that include early warning and 
response systems are effective adaptation options for extreme heat 
(high conﬁdence). Effective adaptation options for water, food and 
vector-borne diseases include improving access to potable water, 
reducing exposure of water and sanitation systems to extreme weather 
events, and improved early warning systems, surveillance, and vaccine 
development (very high conﬁdence). Adaptation options such as 
disaster risk management, early warning systems, climate services 
and social safety nets have broad applicability across multiple sectors 
(high conﬁdence).