Accelerated and equitable mitigation and adaptation bring beneﬁts from avoiding damages from climate 
change and are critical to achieving sustainable development (high conﬁdence). Climate resilient development138 
pathways are progressively constrained by every increment of further warming (very high conﬁdence). There is a 
rapidly closing window of opportunity to secure a liveable and sustainable future for all (very high conﬁdence).
138 See Annex I: Glossary.
139 The impacts, risks, and co-beneﬁts of CDR deployment for ecosystems, biodiversity and people will be highly variable depending on the method, site-speciﬁc context, 
implementation and scale (high conﬁdence). {WGIII SPM C.11.2}
140 The evidence is too limited to make a similar robust conclusion for limiting warming to 1.5°C. {WGIII SPM footnote 68}