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Section 4
Section 1
Section 4
a) Sectoral emissions in pathways that limit warming to 1.5°C
b) Greenhouse gas emissions by sector at 
the time of net zero CO2, compared to 2019
The transition towards net zero CO2 will 
have different pace across different sectors
CO2 emissions from the electricity/fossil fuel industries sector and 
land-use change generally reach net zero earlier than other sectors
includes halting 
deforestation
Percentage reduction in CO2 emissions relative to 2015
includes 
decarbonised 
electricity supply
Transport, industry 
and buildings
Energy supply 
(including electricity)
Non-CO2 emissions
Land-use 
change
Key
Pathways consistent with limiting 
warming to 1.5°C or 2°C by 2100
IMP-GS
IMP-Neg*
IMP-LD
IMP-SP
IMP-Ren
Gradual strengthening
High reliance on net negative emissions
High reliance on efﬁcient resource use
Focus on sustainable development
Focus on renewables
Transport, industry and buildings
Non-CO2  emissions 
Land-use change and forestry
Energy supply (including electricity)
*High overshoot
pathways to 2°C also reach net zero CO2
GHG emissions
(GtCO2-eq/yr)
Sources
Sinks
0
2020
2030
2040
2050
−125%
−100%
−75%
−25%
0%
net zero
halfway 
to net zero
pathways for 
2°C reach net zero 
somewhat later
−20 
20 
40 
60 
2019
comparison
IMP-Neg
IMP-GS
IMP-Ren
IMP-LD
IMP-SP
these are diﬀerent 
ways to achieve 
net zero CO2
Illustrative Mitigation 
Pathways (IMPs)
net zero