{SRCCL SPM C.2.1, SRCCL SPM D.1.2, SRCCL SPM D.1.4, 
SRCCL 7.4.4, SRCCL 7.4.6}
Climate resilient development strategies that treat climate, 
ecosystems and biodiversity, and human society as parts of an 
integrated system are the most effective (high conﬁdence). Human 
and ecosystem vulnerability are interdependent (high conﬁdence). 
Climate resilient development is enabled when decision-making processes 
and actions are integrated across sectors (very high conﬁdence). 
Synergies with and progress towards the Sustainable Development 
Goals enhance prospects for climate resilient development. Choices and 
actions that treat humans and ecosystems as an integrated system build 
on diverse knowledge about climate risk, equitable, just and inclusive 
approaches, and ecosystem stewardship. {WGII SPM B.2, WGII Figure 
SPM.5, WGII SPM D.2, WGII SPM D2.1, WGII SPM 2.2, WGII SPM D4, 
WGII SPM D4.1, WGII SPM D4.2, WGII SPM D5.2, WGII Figure SPM.5}
Approaches that align goals and actions across sectors provide 
opportunities for multiple and large-scale beneﬁts and avoided 
damages in the near term. Such measures can also achieve 
greater beneﬁts through cascading effects across sectors 
(medium conﬁdence). For example, the feasibility of using land for 
both agriculture and centralised solar production can increase when 
such options are combined (high conﬁdence). Similarly, integrated 
transport and energy infrastructure planning and operations can 
together reduce the environmental, social, and economic impacts of 
decarbonising the transport and energy sectors (high conﬁdence). The 
implementation of packages of multiple city-scale mitigation strategies 
can have cascading effects across sectors and reduce GHG emissions 
both within and outside a city’s administrative boundaries (very high 
conﬁdence).