There is a strong link between 
sustainable development, vulnerability and climate risks. Social safety 
nets that support climate change adaptation have strong co-beneﬁts 
with development goals such as education, poverty alleviation, gender 
inclusion and food security. Land restoration contributes to mitigation 
and adaptation with synergies via enhanced ecosystem services and 
with economically positive returns and co-beneﬁts for poverty reduction 
and improved livelihoods. Trade-offs can be evaluated and minimised 
by giving emphasis to capacity building, ﬁnance, technology transfer, 
investments; governance, development, context speciﬁc gender-based 
and other social equity considerations with meaningful participation 
of Indigenous Peoples, local communities and vulnerable populations. 
(high conﬁdence). {WGII SPM C.2.9, WGII SPM C.5.6, WGII SPM D.5.2, 
WGII Cross-Chapter Box on Gender in Chapter 18; WGIII SPM C.9.2, 
WGIII SPM D.1.2, WGIII SPM D.1.4, WGIII SPM D.2; SRCCL SPM D.2.2, SRCCL TS.4}
Context 
relevant 
design 
and 
implementation 
requires 
considering people’s needs, biodiversity, and other sustainable 
development dimensions (very high conﬁdence). Countries at 
all stages of economic development seek to improve the well-being 
of people, and their development priorities reﬂect different starting 
points and contexts. Different contexts include but are not limited to 
social, economic, environmental, cultural, or political circumstances, 
resource endowment, capabilities, international environment, and prior 
development. n regions with high dependency on fossil fuels for, among 
other things, revenue and employment generation, mitigating risks for 
sustainable development requires policies that promote economic and 
energy sector diversiﬁcation and considerations of just transitions 
principles, processes and practices (high conﬁdence). For individuals and 
households in low-lying coastal areas, in Small Islands, and smallholder 
farmers transitioning from incremental to transformational adaptation 
can help overcome soft adaptation limits (high conﬁdence).