{WGI SPM D.1.8; WGIII Box TS.6, WGIII Cross-Chapter Box 2}
Achieving global net zero GHG emissions requires all remaining CO2 and metric-weighted98 non-CO2 GHG emissions to be 
counterbalanced by durably stored CO2 removals (high conﬁdence). Some non-CO2 emissions, such as CH4 and N2O from agriculture, 
cannot be fully eliminated using existing and anticipated technical measures. {WGIII SPM C.2.4, WGIII SPM C.11.4, WGIII Cross-Chapter Box 3}
Global net zero CO2 or GHG emissions can be achieved even if some sectors and regions are net emitters, provided that 
others reach net negative emissions (see Figure 4.1). The potential and cost of achieving net zero or even net negative emissions 
vary by sector and region. If and when net zero emissions for a given sector or region are reached depends on multiple factors, including 
the potential to reduce GHG emissions and undertake carbon dioxide removal, the associated costs, and the availability of policy 
mechanisms to balance emissions and removals between sectors and countries. (high conﬁdence) {WGIII Box TS.6, WGIII Cross-Chapter Box 3}
The adoption and implementation of net zero emission targets by countries and regions also depend on equity and capacity 
considerations (high conﬁdence). The formulation of net zero pathways by countries will beneﬁt from clarity on scope, plans-of-action, and 
fairness. Achieving net zero emission targets relies on policies, institutions, and milestones against which to track progress. Least-cost global 
modelled pathways have been shown to distribute the mitigation effort unevenly, and the incorporation of equity principles could change the 
country-level timing of net zero (high conﬁdence). The Paris Agreement also recognizes that peaking of emissions will occur later in developing 
countries than developed countries (Article 4.1).