and degraded water quality 
-Risk to food and nutritional security through changes in agriculture, livestock, hunting, 
ﬁsheries, and aquaculture productivity and access
-Risks to well-being, livelihoods and economic activities from cascading and 
compounding climate hazards, including risks to coastal cities, settlements and 
infrastructure from sea level rise
Delayed
impacts of
sea level
rise in the
Mediterranean
Food
production
from crops,
ﬁsheries and
livestock
in Africa
Mortality and
morbidity
from heat and
infectious
disease
in Africa
Biodiversity
and
ecosystems
in Africa
Health and
wellbeing
in the
Mediterranean
Water scarcity
to people in
southeastern
Europe
Coastal
ﬂooding to
people
and
infrastructures
in Europe
Heat stress,
mortality
and
morbidity
to people
in Europe
Water quality
and
availability
in the
Mediterranean
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Costs and 
damages
related to
maintenance and
reconstruction of
transportation
infrastructure in
North America
Lyme
disease in
North
America
under
incomplete
adaptation
scenario
Loss and
degradation of
coral reefs in 
Australia
Reduced
viability of
tourism-
related
activities in
North
America
Cascading
impacts on
cities and
settlements
in Australasia
Changes in
ﬁsheries catch
for Pollock
and
Paciﬁc Cod
in the Arctic
Costs
and losses
for key 
infrastructure
in the Arctic
Sea-ice
dependent
ecosystems
 in the
Antarctic
Changes 
in krill
ﬁsheries
in the
Antarctic
Sea-ice
ecosystems
from sea-ice
 change in
the Arctic
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e) Examples of key risks in different regions
Absence of risk diagrams does not imply absence of risks within a region.