{WGII SPM C.5.4, 
WGII SPM D.1, WGII SPM D.1.1, WGII SPM D.1.2, WGII SPM D.2, 
WGII SPM D.3, WGII SPM D.5, WGII SPM D.5.1, WGII SPM D.5.2; 
WGIII SPM D.1, WGIII SPM D.2, WGIII SPM D.2.4, WGIII SPM E.2.2, 
WGIII SPM E.2.3, WGIII SPM E.5.3, WGIII Cross-Chapter Box 5} 
Policies that shift development pathways towards sustainability 
can broaden the portfolio of available mitigation and adaptation 
responses (medium conﬁdence). Combining mitigation with action 
to shift development pathways, such as broader sectoral policies, 
approaches that induce lifestyle or behaviour changes, ﬁnancial 
regulation, or macroeconomic policies can overcome barriers and 
open up a broader range of mitigation options (high conﬁdence). 
Integrated, inclusive planning and investment in everyday decision-
making about urban infrastructure can signiﬁcantly increase the 
adaptive capacity of urban and rural settlements. Coastal cities and 
settlements play an important role in advancing climate resilient 
development due to the high number of people living in the Low 
Elevation Coastal Zone, the escalating and climate compounded risk 
that they face, and their vital role in national economies and beyond 
(high conﬁdence). {WGII SPM.D.3, WGII SPM D.3.3; WGIII SPM E.2, 
WGIII SPM E.2.2; SR1.5 SPM D.6}
Observed adverse impacts and related losses and damages, 
projected risks, trends in vulnerability, and adaptation limits 
demonstrate that transformation for sustainability and climate 
resilient development action is more urgent than previously 
assessed (very high conﬁdence). Climate resilient development 
integrates adaptation and GHG mitigation to advance 
sustainable development for all.