The technical geological storage capacity is estimated to be on the order of 1000 GtCO2, which is more than the CO2 storage requirements through 
2100 to limit global warming to 1.5°C, although the regional availability of geological storage could be a limiting factor. If the geological storage site is appropriately selected and 
managed, it is estimated that the CO2 can be permanently isolated from the atmosphere. Implementation of CCS currently faces technological, economic, institutional, ecological 
environmental and socio-cultural barriers. Currently, global rates of CCS deployment are far below those in modelled pathways limiting global warming to 1.5°C to 2°C. Enabling 
conditions such as policy instruments, greater public support and technological innovation could reduce these barriers. (high conﬁdence) {WGIII SPM C.4.6}
infrastructure design and access. (high conﬁdence) {WGIII SPM C.3, 
WGIII SPM C.5, WGIII SPM C.6, WGIII SPM C.7.3, WGIII SPM C.8, 
WGIII SPM C.10.2} 
Global modelled mitigation pathways reaching net zero CO2 and 
GHG emissions include transitioning from fossil fuels without 
carbon capture and storage (CCS) to very low- or zero-carbon 
energy sources, such as renewables or fossil fuels with CCS, 
demand-side measures and improving efﬁciency, reducing 
non-CO2 GHG emissions, and CDR136. In global modelled pathways 
that limit warming to 2°C or below, almost all electricity is supplied