The contributions of different sectors vary across 
modelled mitigation pathways. In most global modelled mitigation 
pathways, emissions from land-use, land-use change and forestry, via 
reforestation and reduced deforestation, and from the energy supply 
sector reach net zero CO2 emissions earlier than the buildings, industry 
and transport sectors (Figure 4.1). Strategies can rely on combinations 
of different options (Figure 4.1, Section 4.5), but doing less in one 
sector needs to be compensated by further reductions in other sectors if 
warming is to be limited. (high conﬁdence) {WGIII SPM C.3, WGIII SPM 
C.3.1, WGIII SPM 3.2, WGIII SPM C.3.3} (Cross-Section Box.2)
Without rapid, deep and sustained mitigation and accelerated 
adaptation actions, losses and damages will continue to 
increase, including projected adverse impacts in Africa, LDCs, 
SIDS, Central and South America147, Asia and the Arctic, and will 
disproportionately affect the most vulnerable populations (high 
conﬁdence). {WGII SPM C.3.5, WGII SPM B.2.4, WGII 12.2, WGII 10. 
Box 10.6, WGII TS D.7.5, WGII Cross-Chapter Box 6 ES, WGII Global 
to Regional Atlas Annex A1.15, WGII Global to Regional Atlas Annex 
A1.27; SR1.5 SPM B.5.3, SR 1.5 SPM B.5.7; SRCCL A.5.6} (Figure 3.2; 
Figure 3.3)
147 The southern part of Mexico is included in the climatic subregion South Central America (SCA) for WGI. Mexico is assessed as part of North America for WGII. The climate change 
literature for the SCA region occasionally includes Mexico, and in those cases WGII assessment makes reference to Latin America. Mexico is considered part of Latin America and 
the Caribbean for WGIII. {WGII 12.1.1, WGIII AII.1.1}