Prior to that, the next most recent warm period 
was about 125,000 years ago, when the assessed multi-century 
temperature range [0.5°C to 1.5°C] overlaps the observations of 
the most recent decade. These past warm periods were caused 
by slow (multi-millennial) orbital variations. Formal detection and 
attribution studies synthesise information from climate models 
and observations and show that the best estimate is that all the 
warming observed between 1850–1900 and 2010–2019 is caused 
by humans (panel (d)). The panel shows temperature change 
attributed to: total human inﬂuence; its decomposition into changes 
in GHG concentrations and other human drivers (aerosols, ozone 
and land-use change (land-use reﬂectance)); solar and volcanic 
drivers; and internal climate variability. Whiskers show likely ranges. 
{WGI SPM A.2.2, WGI Figure SPM.1, WGI Figure SPM.2, WGI TS2.2, 
WGI 2.1; WGIII Figure SPM.1, WGIII A.III.II.2.5.1}