57
Current Status and Trends
Section 2
2.3 Current Mitigation and Adaptation Actions and Policies are not Sufﬁcient
At the time of the present assessment88 there are gaps between global ambitions and the sum of declared 
national ambitions. These are further compounded by gaps between declared national ambitions and current 
implementation for all aspects of climate action. For mitigation, global GHG emissions in 2030 implied by NDCs 
announced by October 2021 would make it likely that warming will exceed 1.5°C during the 21st century and would 
make it harder to limit warming below 2°C.89 Despite progress, adaptation gaps90 persist, with many initiatives 
prioritising short-term risk reduction, hindering transformational adaptation. Hard and soft limits to adaptation 
are being reached in some sectors and regions, while maladaptation is also increasing and disproportionately 
affecting vulnerable groups. Systemic barriers such as funding, knowledge, and practice gaps, including lack of 
climate literacy and data hinders adaptation progress. Insufﬁcient ﬁnancing, especially for adaptation, constraints 
climate action in particular in developing countries. (high conﬁdence)
88 
The timing of various cut-offs for assessment differs by WG report and the aspect assessed. See footnote 1 in Section 1.
89 
See CSB.2 for a discussion of scenarios and pathways.
90 
See Annex I: Glossary.
2.3.1. The Gap Between Mitigation Policies, Pledges and 
Pathways that Limit Warming to 1.5°C or Below 2°C
Global GHG emissions in 2030 associated with the implementation 
of NDCs announced prior to COP2691 would make it likely that 
warming will exceed 1.5°C during the 21st century and would 
make it harder to limit warming below 2°C – if no additional 
commitments are made or actions taken (Figure 2.5, Table 2.2).