Between 2010 and 
2020, human mortality from ﬂoods, droughts and storms was 15 times 
higher in highly vulnerable regions, compared to regions with very low 
vulnerability (high conﬁdence). In the Arctic and in some high mountain 
regions, negative impacts of cryosphere change have been especially felt 
among Indigenous Peoples (high conﬁdence). Human and ecosystem 
vulnerability are interdependent (high conﬁdence). Vulnerability of 
ecosystems and people to climate change differs substantially among and 
within regions (very high conﬁdence), driven by patterns of intersecting 
socio-economic development, unsustainable ocean and land use, 
inequity, marginalisation, historical and ongoing patterns of inequity 
such as colonialism, and governance81 (high conﬁdence). {WGII SPM B.1, 
WGII SPM B.2, WGII SPM B.2.4; WGIII SPM B.3.1; SROCC SPM A.7.1, 
SROCC SPM A.7.2}