Methods and levels of CDR 
deployment in global modelled mitigation pathways vary depending on 
assumptions about costs, availability and constraints (high conﬁdence). 
{WGIII SPM C.3.5, WGIII SPM C.11.1, WGIII SPM C.11.4}
137 Limited overshoot refers to exceeding 1.5°C global warming by up to about 0.1°C, high overshoot by 0.1°C to 0.3°C, in both cases for up to several decades. {WGIII Box SPM.1}
3.3.4 Overshoot Pathways: Increased Risks and Other 
Implications
Exceeding a speciﬁc remaining carbon budget results in 
higher global warming. Achieving and sustaining net negative 
global CO2 emissions could reverse the resulting temperature 
exceedance (high conﬁdence). Continued reductions in emissions of 
short-lived climate forcers, particularly methane, after peak temperature 
has been reached, would also further reduce warming (high conﬁdence). 
Only a small number of the most ambitious global modelled pathways 
limit global warming to 1.5°C (>50%) without overshoot. {WGI SPM D.1.1, 
WGI SPM D.1.6, WGI SPM D.1.7; WGIII TS.4.2}
Overshoot of a warming level results in more adverse impacts, some 
irreversible, and additional risks for human and natural systems 
compared to staying below that warming level, with risks growing 
with the magnitude and duration of overshoot (high conﬁdence). 
Compared to pathways without overshoot, societies and ecosystems 
would be exposed to greater and more widespread changes in climatic 
impact-drivers, such as extreme heat and extreme precipitation, with 
increasing risks to infrastructure, low-lying coastal settlements, and 
associated livelihoods (high conﬁdence). Overshooting 1.5°C will result 
in irreversible adverse impacts on certain ecosystems with low resilience, 
such as polar, mountain, and coastal ecosystems, impacted by ice-sheet 
melt, glacier melt, or by accelerating and higher committed sea level 
rise (high conﬁdence).