Economy-wide packages can meet short-term 
economic goals while reducing emissions and shifting development 
pathways towards sustainability (medium confidence). Examples 
are public spending commitments; pricing reforms; and investment 
in education and training, R&D and infrastructure (high confidence). 
Effective policy packages would be comprehensive in coverage, 
harnessed to a clear vision for change, balanced across objectives, 
aligned with specific technology and system needs, consistent 
in terms of design and tailored to national circumstances (high 
confidence). {WGIII SPM E4.4, WGIII SPM 4.5, WGIII SPM 4.6}
4.8 Strengthening the Response: Finance, International Cooperation and Technology
Finance, international cooperation and technology are critical enablers for accelerated climate action. If climate 
goals are to be achieved, both adaptation and mitigation ﬁnancing would have to increase many-fold. There is 
sufﬁcient global capital to close the global investment gaps but there are barriers to redirect capital to climate 
action. Barriers include institutional, regulatory and market access barriers, which can be reduced to address the 
needs and opportunities, economic vulnerability and indebtedness in many developing countries. Enhancing 
international cooperation is possible through multiple channels. Enhancing technology innovation systems is 
key to accelerate the widespread adoption of technologies and practices. (high conﬁdence)