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Current Status and Trends
Section 2
At least 1.8 GtCO2-eq yr–1 of avoided emissions can be accounted for 
by aggregating separate estimates for the effects of economic and 
regulatory instruments (medium conﬁdence). Growing numbers of 
laws and executive orders have impacted global emissions and are 
estimated to have resulted in 5.9 GtCO2-eq yr–1 of avoided emissions 
in 2016 (medium conﬁdence). These reductions have only partly offset 
global emissions growth (high confidence). {WGIII SPM B.1, 
WGIII SPM B.2.4, WGIII SPM B.3.5, WGIII SPM B.5.1, WGIII SPM B.5.3, 
WGIII 1.3.2, WGIII 2.2.3}
2.2.3. Adaptation Actions to Date
Progress in adaptation planning and implementation has been 
observed across all sectors and regions, generating multiple 
beneﬁts (very high conﬁdence). The ambition, scope and progress 
on adaptation have risen among governments at the local, national and 
international levels, along with businesses, communities and civil society 
(high conﬁdence). Various tools, measures and processes are available 
that can enable, accelerate and sustain adaptation implementation 
(high conﬁdence). Growing public and political awareness of climate 
impacts and risks has resulted in at least 170 countries and many cities 
including adaptation in their climate policies and planning processes 
(high conﬁdence). Decision support tools and climate services are 
increasingly being used (very high conﬁdence) and pilot projects and 
local experiments are being implemented in different sectors (high 
conﬁdence). {WGII SPM C.1, WGII SPM.C.1.1, WGII TS.D.1.3, WGII TS.D.10}
Adaptation to water-related risks and impacts make up the majority (~60%) 
of all documented83 adaptation (high conﬁdence).