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Section 3
Section 1
Section 3
Projected adverse impacts and related losses and damages from 
climate change escalate with every increment of global warming 
(very high conﬁdence), but they will also strongly depend on 
socio-economic development trajectories and adaptation actions 
to reduce vulnerability and exposure (high conﬁdence). For 
example, development pathways with higher demand for food, animal 
feed, and water, more resource-intensive consumption and production, 
and limited technological improvements result in higher risks from 
water scarcity in drylands, land degradation and food insecurity (high 
conﬁdence). Changes in, for example, demography or investments in 
health systems have effect on a variety of health-related outcomes 
including heat-related morbidity and mortality (Figure 3.3 Panel d). 
{WGII SPM B.3, WGII SPM B.4, WGII Figure SPM.3; SRCCL SPM A.6}
With every increment of warming, climate change impacts and 
risks will become increasingly complex and more difﬁcult to 
manage. Many regions are projected to experience an increase in 
the probability of compound events with higher global warming, such 
as concurrent heatwaves and droughts, compound ﬂooding and ﬁre 
weather. In addition, multiple climatic and non-climatic risk drivers 
such as biodiversity loss or violent conﬂict will interact, resulting 
in compounding overall risk and risks cascading across sectors and 
regions. Furthermore, risks can arise from some responses that are 
intended to reduce the risks of climate change, e.g., adverse side effects 
of some emission reduction and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) measures 
(see 3.4.1).