The best estimate of reaching 1.5°C of global 
warming lies in the ﬁrst half of the 2030s in most of the considered 
scenarios and modelled pathways114. In the very low GHG emissions 
scenario (SSP1-1.9), CO2 emissions reach net zero around 2050 and the 
best-estimate end-of-century warming is 1.4°C, after a temporary overshoot 
(see Section 3.3.4) of no more than 0.1°C above 1.5°C global warming. 
Global warming of 2°C will be exceeded during the 21st century unless 
deep reductions in CO2 and other GHG emissions occur in the coming 
decades. Deep, rapid, and sustained reductions in GHG emissions would 
lead to improvements in air quality within a few years, to reductions in 
trends of global surface temperature discernible after around 20 years, 
and over longer time periods for many other climate impact-drivers115 
(high conﬁdence). Targeted reductions of air pollutant emissions lead 
to more rapid improvements in air quality compared to reductions 
in GHG emissions only, but in the long term, further improvements are 
projected in scenarios that combine efforts to reduce air pollutants as 
well as GHG emissions (high conﬁdence)116. {WGI SPM B.1, WGI SPM B.1.3, 
WGI SPM D.1, WGI SPM D.2, WGI Figure SPM.4, WGI Table SPM.1, 
WGI Cross-Section Box TS.1; WGIII SPM C.3, WGIII Table SPM.2, 
WGIII Figure SPM.5, WGIII Box SPM.1 Figure 1, WGIII Table 3.2} (Table 3.1, 
Cross-Section Box.2 Figure 1)
Changes in short-lived climate forcers (SLCF) resulting from the 
ﬁve considered scenarios lead to an additional net global warming 
in the near and long term (high conﬁdence). Simultaneous 
stringent climate change mitigation and air pollution control