{WGII TS.B.9.1, WGII 16.5.2; WGIII SPM C.5, WGIII SPM C.5.2, 
WGIII SPM C.5.3, WGIII TS.5.5}
Many industrial and service sectors are negatively affected by climate 
change through supply and operational disruptions, especially from 
extreme events (high conﬁdence), and will require adaptation efforts. 
Water intensive industries (e.g., mining) can undertake measures to 
reduce water stress, such as water recycling and reuse, using brackish 
or saline sources, working to improve water use efﬁciency. However, 
residual risks will remain, especially at higher levels of warming 
(medium conﬁdence). {WGII TS.B.9.1, WGII 16.5.2, WGII 4.6.3} (Section 3.2)
4.5.3. Cities, Settlements and Infrastructure
Urban systems are critical for achieving deep emissions 
reductions and advancing climate resilient development, 
particularly when this involves integrated planning that 
incorporates physical, natural and social infrastructure (high 
conﬁdence). Deep emissions reductions and integrated adaptation 
actions are advanced by: integrated, inclusive land use planning 
and decision-making; compact urban form by co-locating jobs and 
housing; reducing or changing urban energy and material consumption; 
electriﬁcation in combination with low emissions sources; improved 
water and waste management infrastructure; and enhancing carbon 
uptake and storage in the urban environment (e.g. bio-based building 
materials, permeable surfaces and urban green and blue infrastructure). 
Cities can achieve net zero emissions if emissions are reduced within 
and outside of their administrative boundaries through supply chains, 
creating beneﬁcial cascading effects across other sectors.