Individuals with 
high socio-economic status contribute disproportionately to emissions, 
and have the highest potential for emissions reductions, e.g., as 
citizens, investors, consumers, role models, and professionals (high 
conﬁdence). There are options on design of instruments such as taxes, 
subsidies, prices, and consumption-based approaches, complemented 
by regulatory instruments to reduce high-emissions consumption while 
improving equity and societal well-being (high conﬁdence). Behaviour 
and lifestyle changes to help end-users adopt low-GHG-intensive 
options can be supported by policies, infrastructure and technology 
with multiple co-beneﬁts for societal well-being (high conﬁdence). 
Broadening equitable access to domestic and international ﬁnance, 
technologies and capacity can also act as a catalyst for accelerating 
mitigation and shifting development pathways in low-income contexts 
(high conﬁdence). Eradicating extreme poverty, energy poverty, and 
providing decent living standards to all in these regions in the context of 
achieving sustainable development objectives, in the near term, can be 
achieved without signiﬁcant global emissions growth (high conﬁdence). 
Technology development, transfer, capacity building and ﬁnancing can 
support developing countries/ regions leapfrogging or transitioning to 
low-emissions transport systems thereby providing multiple co-beneﬁts 
(high conﬁdence). Climate resilient development is advanced when 
actors work in equitable, just and enabling ways to reconcile divergent 
interests, values and worldviews, toward equitable and just outcomes 
(high conﬁdence).