{WGII SPM C.3.2, WGII SPM C.5.4; 
WGII TS.D.1.6, WGII Cross-Chapter Box FINANCE; WGIII SPM E.5.4}
There are adaptation options which are effective84 in reducing 
climate risks85 for speciﬁc contexts, sectors and regions and 
contribute positively to sustainable development and other 
societal goals. In the agriculture sector, cultivar improvements, 
on-farm water management and storage, soil moisture conservation, 
irrigation86, agroforestry, community-based adaptation, and farm and 
landscape level diversiﬁcation, and sustainable land management 
approaches, provide multiple beneﬁts and reduce climate risks. 
Reduction of food loss and waste, and adaptation measures in support 
of balanced diets contribute to nutrition, health, and biodiversity beneﬁts. 
(high conﬁdence) {WGII SPM C.2, WGII SPM C.2.1, WGII SPM C.2.2; 
SRCCL B.2, SRCCL SPM C.2.1}
Ecosystem-based Adaptation87 approaches such as urban greening, 
restoration of wetlands and upstream forest ecosystems reduce 
a range of climate change risks, including ﬂood risks, urban heat 
and provide multiple co-beneﬁts. Some land-based adaptation 
options provide immediate beneﬁts (e.g., conservation of peatlands,