Ecosystem-based 
management in fisheries and aquaculture supports food security, 
biodiversity, human health and well-being (high confidence). 
{WGII SPM C.2.2, WGII SPM C.2; SROCC SPM C2.3, SROCC SPM C.2.4} 
4.5.5. Health and Nutrition
Human health will beneﬁt from integrated mitigation and 
adaptation options that mainstream health into food, 
infrastructure, social protection, and water policies (very high 
conﬁdence). Balanced and sustainable healthy diets156 and reduced 
food loss and waste present important opportunities for adaptation 
and mitigation while generating signiﬁcant co-beneﬁts in terms 
of biodiversity and human health (high conﬁdence). Public health 
policies to improve nutrition, such as increasing the diversity of food 
sources in public procurement, health insurance, ﬁnancial incentives, 
and awareness-raising campaigns, can potentially influence food 
demand, reduce food waste, reduce healthcare costs, contribute to 
lower GHG emissions and enhance adaptive capacity (high conﬁdence).