44
Section 2
Section 1
Section 2
Average annual GHG emissions during 2010–2019 were higher 
than in any previous decade, but the rate of growth between 
2010 and 2019 (1.3% yr-1) was lower than that between 2000 
and 2009 (2.1% yr-1)69. Historical cumulative net CO2 emissions from 
1850 to 2019 were 2400 ±240 GtCO2. Of these, more than half (58%) 
occurred between 1850 and 1989 [1400 ±195 GtCO2], and about 42% 
between 1990 and 2019 [1000 ±90 GtCO2]. Global net anthropogenic 
GHG emissions have been estimated to be 59±6.6 GtCO2-eq in 2019, 
about 12% (6.5 GtCO2-eq) higher than in 2010 and 54% (21 GtCO2-eq) 
higher than in 1990. By 2019, the largest growth in gross emissions 
occurred in CO2 from fossil fuels and industry (CO2-FFI) followed by 
CH4, whereas the highest relative growth occurred in fluorinated 
gases (F-gases), starting from low levels in 1990. (high confidence) 
{WGIII SPM B1.1, WGIII SPM B.1.2, WGIII SPM B.1.3, WGIII Figure SPM.1, 
WGIII Figure SPM.2}
Regional contributions to global human-caused GHG emissions 
continue to differ widely. Historical contributions of CO2 emissions 
vary substantially across regions in terms of total magnitude, but also 
in terms of contributions to CO2-FFI (1650 ± 73 GtCO2-eq) and net 
CO2-LULUCF (760 ± 220 GtCO2-eq) emissions (Figure 2.2). Variations 
in regional and national per capita emissions partly reﬂect different 
development stages, but they also vary widely at similar income 
levels.