For vector-borne diseases, 
effective adaptation options include surveillance, early warning 
systems, and vaccine development (very high conﬁdence). Effective 
adaptation options for reducing mental health risks under climate 
change include improving surveillance and access to mental health 
care, and monitoring of psychosocial impacts from extreme weather 
events (high conﬁdence). A key pathway to climate resilience in the 
health sector is universal access to healthcare (high conﬁdence). 
{WGII SPM C.2.11, WGII 7.4.6}
4.5.6 Society, Livelihoods, and Economies
Enhancing knowledge on risks and available adaptation options 
promotes societal responses, and behaviour and lifestyle changes 
supported by policies, infrastructure and technology can help 
reduce global GHG emissions (high conﬁdence). Climate literacy 
and information provided through climate services and community 
approaches, including those that are informed by Indigenous Knowledge 
and local knowledge, can accelerate behavioural changes and planning 
(high conﬁdence). Educational and information programmes, using 
the arts, participatory modelling and citizen science can facilitate 
awareness, heighten risk perception, and inﬂuence behaviours (high 
conﬁdence). The way choices are presented can enable adoption of low 
GHG intensive socio-cultural options, such as shifts to balanced, sustainable 
healthy diets, reduced food waste, and active mobility (high conﬁdence). 
Judicious labelling, framing, and communication of social norms can 
increase the effect of mandates, subsidies, or taxes (medium conﬁdence).