Finance for Mitigation and Adaptation Actions
Improved availability and access to ﬁnance157 will enable 
accelerated climate action (very high conﬁdence). Addressing 
needs and gaps and broadening equitable access to domestic and 
international ﬁnance, when combined with other supportive actions, can 
act as a catalyst for accelerating mitigation and shifting development 
pathways (high conﬁdence). Climate resilient development is enabled 
by increased international cooperation including improved access 
to ﬁnancial resources, particularly for vulnerable regions, sectors 
and groups, and inclusive governance and coordinated policies (high 
conﬁdence). Accelerated international ﬁnancial cooperation is a critical 
enabler of low-GHG and just transitions, and can address inequities in 
access to ﬁnance and the costs of, and vulnerability to, the impacts of 
climate change (high conﬁdence). {WGII SPM C.1.2, WGII SPM C.3.2, 
WGII SPM C.5, WGII SPM C.5.4, WGII SPM D.2, WGII SPM D.3.2, 
WGII SPM D.5, WGII SPM D.5.2; WGIII SPM B.4.2,WGIII SPM B.5, 
WGIII SPM B.5.4, WGIII SPM C.4.2, WGIII SPM C.7.3, WGIII SPM C.8.5, 
WGIII SPM D.1.2, WGIII SPM D.2.4, WGIII SPM D.3.4, WGIII SPM E.2.3, 
WGIII SPM E.3.1, WGIII SPM E.5, WGIII SPM E.5.1, WGIII SPM E.5.2, 
WGIII SPM E.5.3, WGIII SPM E.5.4, WGIII SPM E.6.2}
Both adaptation and mitigation ﬁnance need to increase many-fold, 
to address rising climate risks and to accelerate investments in 
emissions reduction (high conﬁdence).