Top row: GHG, CO2 and CH4 emissions over time (in 
GtCO2eq) with historical emissions, projected emissions in line with policies implemented until the end of 2020 (grey), and pathways consistent with temperature goals in colour 
(blue, purple, and brown, respectively). Panel (a) (left) shows pathways that limit warming to 1.5°C (>50%) with no or limited overshoot (C1) and Panel (b) (right) shows 
pathways that limit warming to 2°C (>67%) (C3). Bottom row: Panel (c) shows median (vertical line), likely (bar) and very likely (thin lines) timing of reaching net zero GHG 
and CO2 emissions for global modelled pathways that limit warming to 1.5°C (>50%) with no or limited overshoot (C1) (left) or 2°C (>67%) (C3) (right). {WGIII Figure SPM.5}
3.3.3 Sectoral Contributions to Mitigation
All global modelled pathways that limit warming to 2°C (>67%) or 
lower by 2100 involve rapid and deep and in most cases immediate 
GHG emissions reductions in all sectors (see also 4.1, 4.5). Reductions 
in GHG emissions in industry, transport, buildings, and urban areas 
can be achieved through a combination of energy efﬁciency and 
conservation and a transition to low-GHG technologies and energy 
carriers (see also 4.5, Figure 4.4). Socio-cultural options and behavioural 
change can reduce global GHG emissions of end-use sectors, with most 
of the potential in developed countries, if combined with improved 
136 CCS is an option to reduce emissions from large-scale fossil-based energy and industry sources provided geological storage is available. When CO2 is captured directly from the 
atmosphere (DACCS), or from biomass (BECCS), CCS provides the storage component of these CDR methods. CO2 capture and subsurface injection is a mature technology for 
gas processing and enhanced oil recovery.