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Long-Term Climate and Development Futures
Section 3
3.4.2 Advancing Integrated Climate Action for Sustainable 
Development
An inclusive, equitable approach to integrating adaptation, mitigation 
and development can advance sustainable development in the long 
term (high conﬁdence). Integrated responses can harness synergies for 
sustainable development and reduce trade-offs (high conﬁdence). Shifting 
development pathways towards sustainability and advancing climate 
resilient development is enabled when governments, civil society 
and the private sector make development choices that prioritise risk 
reduction, equity and justice, and when decision-making processes, 
ﬁnance and actions are integrated across governance levels, sectors 
and timeframes (very high conﬁdence) (see also Figure 4.2). Inclusive 
processes involving local knowledge and Indigenous Knowledge 
increase these prospects (high conﬁdence). However, opportunities 
for action differ substantially among and within regions, driven by 
historical and ongoing patterns of development (very high conﬁdence). 
Accelerated ﬁnancial support for developing countries is critical to enhance 
mitigation and adaptation action (high conﬁdence). {WGII SPM C.5.4, 
WGII SPM D.1, WGII SPM D.1.1, WGII SPM D.1.2, WGII SPM D.2, 
WGII SPM D.3, WGII SPM D.5, WGII SPM D.5.1, WGII SPM D.5.2; 
WGIII SPM D.1, WGIII SPM D.2, WGIII SPM D.2.4, WGIII SPM E.2.2, 
WGIII SPM E.2.3, WGIII SPM E.5.3, WGIII Cross-Chapter Box 5} 
Policies that shift development pathways towards sustainability 
can broaden the portfolio of available mitigation and adaptation 
responses (medium conﬁdence).