Many funding, knowledge and practice gaps remain for effective 
implementation, monitoring and evaluation and current adaptation 
efforts are not expected to meet existing goals (high conﬁdence). 
At current rates of adaptation planning and implementation the 
adaptation gap will continue to grow (high conﬁdence). {WGII SPM C.1, 
WGII SPM C.1.2, WGII SPM C.4.1, WGII TS.D.1.3, WGII TS.D.1.4} 
Soft and hard adaptation limits100 have already been reached in 
some sectors and regions, in spite of adaptation having buffered 
some climate impacts (high conﬁdence). Ecosystems already 
reaching hard adaptation limits include some warm water coral reefs, 
some coastal wetlands, some rainforests, and some polar and mountain 
ecosystems (high conﬁdence). Individuals and households in low lying 
coastal areas in Australasia and Small Islands and smallholder farmers 
in Central and South America, Africa, Europe and Asia have reached 
soft limits (medium conﬁdence), resulting from ﬁnancial, governance, 
institutional and policy constraints and can be overcome by addressing 
these constraints (high conﬁdence). Transitioning from incremental to 
transformational adaptation can help overcome soft adaptation limits 
(high conﬁdence). {WGII SPM C.3, WGII SPM C.3.1, WGII SPM C.3.2, 
WGII SPM C.3.3, WGII SPM.C.3.4, WGII 16 ES}
Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with 
effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits. Losses 
and damages are unequally distributed across systems, regions and 
sectors and are not comprehensively addressed by current ﬁnancial, 
governance and institutional arrangements, particularly in vulnerable 
developing countries. (high conﬁdence) {WGII SPM.C.3.5}
There is increased evidence of maladaptation101 in various sectors 
and regions.