Financial and 
technological resources enable effective and ongoing implementation 
of adaptation, especially when supported by institutions with a strong 
understanding of adaptation needs and capacity (high conﬁdence). 
Average annual modelled mitigation investment requirements for 
2020 to 2030 in scenarios that limit warming to 2°C or 1.5°C are a 
factor of three to six greater than current levels, and total mitigation 
investments (public, private, domestic and international) would need 
to increase across all sectors and regions (medium conﬁdence). Even 
if extensive global mitigation efforts are implemented, there will be a 
large need for ﬁnancial, technical, and human resources for adaptation 
(high conﬁdence). {WGII SPM C.1.2, WGII SPM C2.11, WGII SPM C.3, 
WGII SPM C.3.2, WGII SPM C3.5, WGII SPM C.5, WGII SPM C.5.4, 
WGII SPM D.1, WGII SPM D.1.1, WGII SPM D.1.2, WGII SPM C.5.4; 
WGIII SPM D.2.4, WGIII SPM E.5, WGIII SPM E.5.1, WGIII 15.2} 
(Section 2.3.2, 2.3.3, 4.4, Figure 4.6)
approaches (high conﬁdence). There is no consistent evidence that 
current emission trading systems have led to signiﬁcant emissions 
leakage (medium conﬁdence).