Globally, current mitigation ﬁnancial ﬂows are a factor of three 
to six below the average levels up to 2030.
Yearly mitigation investment 
ﬂows (USD 2015/yr ) in:
By sector
By type of economy
Energy efﬁciency
Developing countries
By region
Europe
Eastern Europe and West-Central Asia
Latin America and Caribbean
Africa
Middle East
North America
Australia, Japan and New Zealand
South-East Asia and Paciﬁc
Southern Asia
Developed countries
Agriculture, forestry and other land use
Electricity
Transport
Eastern Asia
Lower
range
Upper
range
x10
x31
x2
x5
x3
x5
x6
x7
x14
x12
x14
x28
x12
x3
x4
x2
x3
x6
x4
x7
x15
x5
x4
x7
x7
x7
x7
x2
x4
x2
x8
x7
Figure 4.6: Breakdown of average mitigation investment ﬂows and investment needs until 2030 (USD billion). Mitigation investment ﬂows and investment needs by 
sector (energy efﬁciency, transport, electricity, and agriculture, forestry and other land use), by type of economy, and by region (see WGIII Annex II Part I Section 1 for the classiﬁcation 
schemes for countries and areas). The blue bars display data on mitigation investment ﬂows for four years: 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 by sector and by type of economy. For the 
regional breakdown, the annual average mitigation investment ﬂows for 2017–2019 are shown. The grey bars show the minimum and maximum level of global annual mitigation 
investment needs in the assessed scenarios. This has been averaged until 2030. The multiplication factors show the ratio of global average early mitigation investment needs 
(averaged until 2030) and current yearly mitigation ﬂows (averaged for 2017/18–2020).