Climate services that are demand-driven and 
inclusive of different users and providers can improve agricultural 
practices, inform better water use and efﬁciency, and enable resilient 
infrastructure planning (high conﬁdence). Policy mixes that include 
weather and health insurance, social protection and adaptive safety 
nets, contingent ﬁnance and reserve funds, and universal access to 
early warning systems combined with effective contingency plans, can 
reduce vulnerability and exposure of human systems (high conﬁdence). 
Integrating climate adaptation into social protection programs, 
including cash transfers and public works programs, is highly feasible 
and increases resilience to climate change, especially when supported 
by basic services and infrastructure (high conﬁdence). Social safety nets 
can build adaptive capacities, reduce socioeconomic vulnerability, and 
reduce risk linked to hazards (robust evidence, medium agreement). 
{WGII SPM C.2.9, WGII SPM C.2.13, WGII Cross-Chapter Box FEASIB in 
Chapter 18; SRCCL SPM C.1.4, SRCCL SPM D.1.2}
Reducing future risks of involuntary migration and displacement 
due to climate change is possible through cooperative, international 
efforts to enhance institutional adaptive capacity and sustainable 
development (high conﬁdence). Increasing adaptive capacity minimises 
risk associated with involuntary migration and immobility and improves 
the degree of choice under which migration decisions are made, while 
policy interventions can remove barriers and expand the alternatives for 
safe, orderly and regular migration that allows vulnerable people to adapt 
to climate change (high conﬁdence). {WGII SPM C.2.12, WGII TS.D.8.6, 
WGII Cross-Chapter Box MIGRATE in Chapter 7}
Accelerating commitment and follow-through by the private 
sector is promoted for instance by building business cases for 
adaptation, accountability and transparency mechanisms, and 
monitoring and evaluation of adaptation progress (medium 
conﬁdence).