Integrated design 
in construction and retroﬁt of buildings has led to increasing examples 
of zero energy or zero carbon buildings. Technological innovation 
made possible the widespread adoption of LED lighting. Digital 
technologies including sensors, the internet of things, robotics, and 
artiﬁcial intelligence can improve energy management in all sectors; 
they can increase energy efﬁciency, and promote the adoption of many 
low-emission technologies, including decentralised renewable energy, 
while creating economic opportunities. However, some of these climate 
change mitigation gains can be reduced or counterbalanced by growth in 
demand for goods and services due to the use of digital devices. Several 
mitigation options, notably solar energy, wind energy, electriﬁcation of 
urban systems, urban green infrastructure, energy efﬁciency, demand 
side management, improved forest- and crop/grassland management, 
and reduced food waste and loss, are technically viable, are becoming 
increasingly cost effective and are generally supported by the public, and 
this enables expanded deployment in many regions. (high conﬁdence) 
{WGIII SPM B.4.3, WGIII SPM C.5.2, WGIII SPM C.7.2, WGIII SPM E.1.1, 
WGIII TS.6.5}
The magnitude of global climate ﬁnance ﬂows has increased 
and ﬁnancing channels have broadened (high conﬁdence). 
Annual tracked total ﬁnancial ﬂows for climate mitigation and 
adaptation increased by up to 60% between 2013/14 and 2019/20, 
but average growth has slowed since 2018 (medium conﬁdence) and 
most climate ﬁnance stays within national borders (high conﬁdence). 
Markets for green bonds, environmental, social and governance and 
sustainable ﬁnance products have expanded signiﬁcantly since AR5 
(high conﬁdence). Investors, central banks, and ﬁnancial regulators are 
driving increased awareness of climate risk to support climate policy 
development and implementation (high conﬁdence).