Transitioning from incremental to 
transformational adaptation can help overcome soft adaptation limits 
(high conﬁdence). {WGII SPM C.3, WGII SPM C.3.1, WGII SPM C.3.2, 
WGII SPM C.3.3, WGII SPM.C.3.4, WGII 16 ES}
Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with 
effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits. Losses 
and damages are unequally distributed across systems, regions and 
sectors and are not comprehensively addressed by current ﬁnancial, 
governance and institutional arrangements, particularly in vulnerable 
developing countries. (high conﬁdence) {WGII SPM.C.3.5}
There is increased evidence of maladaptation101 in various sectors 
and regions. Examples of maladaptation are observed in urban areas 
(e.g., new urban infrastructure that cannot be adjusted easily or affordably), 
agriculture (e.g., using high-cost irrigation in areas projected to have more 
intense drought conditions), ecosystems (e.g. ﬁre suppression in naturally