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The following information was developed for this website by medical professionals and public health experts using Canadian government and other scientific and medical sources. It is not intended as medical advice. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. Last revision: 2021-08-13 Vaccination against the COVID-19 virus will help protect you from getting sick or dying with COVID-19. Also, to stop the spread of COVID-19 in Canada, sufficient numbers of Canadians need to be vaccinated to stop community transmission of the virus. Even if a person does not die of COVID-19, they may have long- term complications including memory loss, fatigue, unexplained breathing difficulties, and damage to the lungs and heart. If enough people have immunity, the virus is less likely to spread. We need to vaccinate at least 85-90% of the eligible population to achieve herd immunity and go back to our daily lives, keep businesses open, and continue to see and hug our loved ones. No, all COVID-19 vaccines are free. If you received an mRNA vaccine (Pfizer BioNTech or Moderna) as your first dose, you will be offered an mRNA vaccine as your second dose. It is preferred that you receive the same type of vaccine as you had the first time, unless it’s not readily available or unknown, in which case it’s ok to receive the other type of mRNA vaccine. Both are equally safe and effective. An mRNA vaccine is preferred as the second dose for individuals who received a first dose of the AstraZeneca, based on evidence of a potentially better immune response and strong safety profile from this mixed vaccine schedule. All vaccines approved for use in Canada effectively reduce hospitalization and serious illness, and all are almost 100% effective in preventing death from COVID-19. The important point is that you shouldn’t wait to get vaccinated with two doses for full protection. New virus variants are emerging that are causing more cases, hospitalizations and deaths, and mass vaccination is the only way to stop this. Based on clinical trials involving tens of thousands of vaccine recipients, the vaccines authorized in Canada have been very effective against symptomatic disease, severe illness, hospitalization and death. Although some of the new variants can create occasional breakthrough infections in fully vaccinated individuals, these illnesses are usually quite mild and often without any symptoms at all. Vaccine resistance is more like a sliding scale than a switch. Our immune systems can continue to recognize and respond against spike proteins even of mutated forms of the virus. And our immune responses evolve, typically growing stronger and more effective over the course of an infection. So even if you’re exposed to a partially-resistant variant, although you might get a “breakthrough” infection, you’re still very likely to be protected from severe disease or death. The important thing is to get fully vaccinated with 2 doses. It’s also important for everyone to get vaccinated, as the less effective the vaccine, the more we rely on one another to get vaccinated and protect each other. Even with vaccines showing lower effectiveness against certain strains, the manufacturers are creating new versions of their vaccines to work better against these new variants, so that you can probably get booster doses in the future which will be effective in the months to come. One possibility is vaccines may be “mixed and matched”, so that people could have one jab that elicits a stronger cellular response and one that produces a higher antibody count. For Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and AstraZeneca, two doses are needed because the first dose “primes” your body’s immune response: your body learns to make antibodies to fight COVID-19. The second dose “boosts” it for a stronger and longer-lasting immunity. Both doses are needed to provide full immunity. The Johnson & Johnson‘s vaccine was tested and shown to protect people and provide immunity with a single dose. Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna: mRNA vaccines. A small piece of mRNA that makes the COVID-19 spike protein enters your cells and teaches your body to make antibodies against the COVID-19 virus. Then the mRNA is destroyed within hours, leaving instructions behind. Astra Zeneca and J&J: viral vector vaccines. These vaccines use a harmless virus (like the common cold virus) that has been weakened and then modified by adding a piece of the COVID-19 virus’s spike protein. The same process takes place as with mRNA vaccines above, triggering our body to make antibodies and to activate other immune cells. None of them interact with or alter your own DNA! None contain live COVID-19 virus. All have similar side effects: pain at the injection site, tiredness, fever or flu like symptoms, headache, mild muscle/joint aches. Health Canada has approved the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca and Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 vaccines for use in Canada. Getting any vaccine, including the COVID-19 vaccine, will not affect the results of a COVID-19 test as it is not a live vaccine. Most people who have COVID-19 recover completely within a few weeks. But some people — even those who had mild versions of the disease — still experience symptoms after their initial recovery. These people are known as COVID-19 “long haulers”. Older people and people with many serious medical conditions are the most likely to experience lingering symptoms, but even young, otherwise healthy people can feel unwell for weeks to months after infection. Common symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, cough, joint pain, chest pain, muscle pain or headache, fast or pounding heartbeat, loss of smell or taste, problems with memory/ concentration/ sleep, rash or hair loss. COVID-19 can also cause organ damage to the heart, lungs, brain, including in younger people, and can weaken blood vessels and cause long-lasting liver and kidney problems. In addition, it can cause long-term problems with mood and fatigue. Many long-term COVID-19 effects still unknown. This is why it’s important to continue to try to prevent spread of COVID by getting vaccinated, wearing masks and distancing when indoors in crowds. While most children who contract COVID-19 are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, those with a multi-system inflammatory response may have more severe reactions to the virus. Multi-system inflammatory response (MIS-C) is a rare condition that occurs when different parts of the body – including but not limited to the heart, lungs, and skin – become inflamed. Symptoms of the condition can include fevers, abdominal pain, cardiovascular problems, and neurological problems. MIS-C can develop and show a response 4-6 weeks post COVID-19 infection. Children with MIS-C have immune responses that react more aggressively to the virus, and rather than creating protection, the virus causes the immune system to attack tissues in the body. 60% of children with MIS-C are male, and the average age is 9. If MIS-C is identified in the early stages it can be treated, however if left untreated, it could be fatal. Risk of MIS-C can be reduced by getting children vaccinated with the COVID-19 vaccines when they are eligible.
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निम्नलिखित जानकारी यो वेबसाइटका लागि क्यानेडाली सरकार र अन्य वैज्ञानिक र चिकित्सा स्रोतहरूको उपयोग गरी चिकित्सा पेशेवर तथा सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्यका विशेषज्ञहरूद्वारा विकास गरिएको हो। यस जानकारीको मनसाय चिकित्सा सल्लाह दिने होइन। कोभिड-१९ को खोपका सम्बन्धमा तपाईंसँग कुनै पनि प्रश्न भएमा सधैँ योग्य स्वास्थ्य स्याहार प्रदायकबाट सल्लाह लिनुहोस्। कोभिड-१९ विरुद्धको खोपले कोभिड-१९ को कारणले बिरामी वा मृत्यु हुनबाट सुरक्षित राख्न मद्दत पुर्याउने छ। साथै, क्यानडामा कोभिड-१९ को फैलाव रोक्नका लागि, अधिकांश क्यानडा निवासीहरूले समुदायमा भाइरसको प्रसारण रोक्न खोप लगाउनु पर्ने हुन्छ। कुनै व्यक्तिको मृत्यु कोभिड-१९ को कारणले नभएपनि, उनीहरूलाई स्मरण शक्ति गुम्ने, थकाई लाग्ने, श्वास- प्रश्वासका भित्री समस्याहरू र फोक्सो र मुटुको खराबी लगायत, दीर्घकालीन जटिलताहरू हुन सक्छ। यदि पर्याप्त मानिसहरूमा प्रतिरोधक क्षमता भयो भने, भाइरस फैलने सम्भावना कम हुन्छ। हामीले सामूहिक रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता हासिल गर्न र आफ्ना दैनिक जीवनमा फर्कन, व्यवसायहरू पुनः सुचारू गर्न, प्रियजनहरूलाई पुनः अंकमाल गर्न र भेटघाट गर्नका लागि कम्तीमा 75% जनसङ्ख्यालाई खोप लगाउनु पर्ने हुन्छ। पर्दैन, कोभिड-१९ का सबै खोप निःशुल्क छन्। जून महिनाको मध्यमा रोग-प्रतिरोधात्मक खोपसम्बन्धी राष्ट्रिय परामर्शदाता समिति [National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI)]-ले कोभिड-१९ खोपहरूका दोस्रो खुराकहरूको अदलाबदलीको सम्बन्धमा यसका सिफारिसहरूलाई अद्यावधिक बनायो। अब प्रथम खुराकको रूपमा एस्ट्राजेनेका (AstraZeneca) प्राप्त गर्ने व्यक्तिहरूको लागि दोस्रो खुराकको रूपमा mRNA खोपलाई प्राथमिकता दिइँदैछ, ’cause भिन्न प्रकारका खोपहरूलाई मिसाएर लगाउँदा तुलनात्मक रूपमा प्रतिरोधात्मक क्षमता बढी असल भएका प्रमाणहरू सामुन्ने आइरहेका छन्। यदि तपाईंले आफ्नो प्रथम खुराकको रूपमा mRNA खोप [फाइजर बायोएनटेक (Pfizer BioNTech) वा मोडेर्ना (Moderna)] प्राप्त गर्नुभएको छ भने, तपाईंलाई दोस्रो खुराकको रूपमा पनि mRNA खोप लगाउनको लागि भनिनेछ। तपाईंले प्रथमपल्ट जुन खोप लगाउनुभयो, त्यही खोप दोस्रोपल्ट पनि लगाउने सिफारिस गरिन्छ, तर त्यो तत्काल उपलब्ध छैन वा यस’bout कुनै जानकारी छैन भनेचाहिँ कुनै अर्को प्रकारको mRNA खोप लगाउनु सही नै हुनेछ। यी दुवै समान रूपमा सुरक्षित र प्रभावकारी हुन्छन्। यदि तपाईंले प्रथम खुराकको रूपमा एस्ट्राजेनेका (AstraZeneca) प्राप्त गर्नुभएको छ भने, तपाईंले दोस्रो खुराकको लागि पनि एस्ट्राजेनेका (AstraZeneca)-लाई नै रोज्न सक्नुहुन्छ, तर अहिले NACI-ले यो सिफारिस गरिरहेको छ कि तपाईंले आफ्नो दोस्रो खुराकको रूपमा mRNA खोप लगाउनुहोस्। क्यानडामा उपयोगको लागि अनुमोदित सबै खोपहरूले अस्पतालमा भर्ना हुनुपर्ने सम्भावना तथा गम्भीर बिमारीलाई समान रूपमा साथै प्रभावकारी ढङ्गमा कम्ती पार्छन्, अनि कोभिड-१९-बाट हुने मृत्युको रोकथाम गर्नमा यी सबै लगभग 100% प्रभावकारी छन्। महत्त्वपूर्ण बुँदा के छ भने, पूर्ण सुरक्षाको लागि खोपका दुइ खुराकहरू लगाउनु पर्छ अनि यसको लागि तपाईंले पर्खिरहन हुँदैन। भाइरसका नयाँ प्रकारहरू प्रकट भइरहेका छन् जसले गर्दा सम्बद्ध मामिलाहरू, अस्पतालमा भर्ना हुनेहरू साथै मृत्यु हुनेहरूको सङ्ख्यामा वृद्धि भइरहेछ, अनि यसलाई रोक्ने एकमात्र उपाय सबैले खोप लगाउनु हो। हेल्थ क्यानडा (Health Canada) का अनुसार र खोप लगाएका हजारौँ व्यक्तिहरू समावेश गरिएका क्लिनिकल परीक्षणहरूका आधारमा: Pfizer-BioNTech दुई खुराक लगाएपछि 95% प्रभावकारी देखियो स्रोत: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/covid19-industry/drugs-vaccines-treatments/vaccines/pfizer-biontech.html Moderna दुई खुराक लगाएपछि 94% प्रभावकारी देखियो स्रोत: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/covid19-industry/drugs-vaccines-treatments/vaccines/moderna.html AstraZeneca दुई खुराक लगाएपछि 62% प्रभावकारी देखियो (उत्तर/दक्षिण अमेरिकाका अध्ययनहरूमा 79% प्रभावकारी देखियो) वास्तविक विश्वको तथ्याङ्कले AZ अस्पताल भर्ना हुनबाट रोक्नका लागि 80-90% प्रभावकारी छ भन्ने देखाउँछ। स्रोत: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/covid19-industry/drugs-vaccines-treatments/vaccines/astrazeneca.html Johnson & Johnson एउटा खोप लगाएपछि 66% प्रभावकारी हुन्छ र वास्तविक समय तथ्याङ्कले यो गम्भीर बिमारी र अस्पताल भर्ना रोकथाम > 90% भन्दा बढी प्रभावकारी रहेको देखाउँछ। स्रोत: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/covid19-industry/drugs-vaccines-treatments/vaccines/janssen.html सबै चार वटा खोप कोभिड-१९ बाट गम्भीर बिरामी हुने, अस्पताल भर्ना हुने र मृत्यु हुने स्थितिको रोकथाम गर्नमा निकै प्रभावकारी छन्। त्यो कुरा खोप र भेरिएन्टहरूबीच फरक-फरक हुन्छ। हरेक कोभिड-१९ को खोपले हाल क्यानडामा फैलिरहेका कुनै पनि भेरिएन्टबाट हुने गम्भीर बिमारी/मृत्युलाई रोकथाम गर्ने छ। केही भेरिएन्टहरूका विरुद्ध खोपहरूले न्यून प्रभावकारिता देखाइ रहेका भएपनि, उत्पादकहरूले यी नयाँ भेरिएन्टहरूका विरुद्ध राम्रोसँग काम गर्न आफ्ना खोपहरूका नयाँ संस्करणहरू सिर्जना गर्दै छन्, ताकि तपाईंले भविष्यमा सम्भावित रूपमा प्रवर्धक खुराकहरू प्राप्त गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ, जुन आगामी महिना र वर्षहरूमा प्रभावकारी हुने छन्। Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna र AstraZeneca का दुई खुराक आवश्यक हुन्छ, ’cause पहिलो खुराकले तपाईंको शरीरको प्रतिरक्षा प्रतिक्रिया “तयार पार्छ”: तपाईंको शरीरले कोभिड-१९ सँग लड्नको लागि एन्टिबडीहरू बनाउन सिक्छ। दोस्रो खुराकले बलियो र दीर्घकालीन प्रतिरोधक क्षमताका लागि यसलाई “बढाउँछ”। पूर्ण प्रतिरोधक क्षमता प्रदान गर्नका लागि दुवै खुराक आवश्यक हुन्छन्। Johnson & Johnson को परीक्षण गरिएको थियो र मानिसहरूलाई एउटा खुराकमै सुरक्षित गर्ने र प्रतिरोधक क्षमता उपलब्ध गराउने देखिएको थियो। Pfizer-BioNTech र Moderna: mRNA का खोपहरू। कोभिड-१९ लाई काँटादार प्रोटिन बनाउने mRNA को सानो अंश तपाईंका कोशिकाहरूमा प्रवेश गर्छ अनि तपाईंको शरीरलाई कोभिड-१९ भाइरसको विरुद्ध एन्टिबडीहरू बनाउन सिकाउँछ। त्यसपछि, शरीरलाई भाइरस विरुद्ध लड्न सिकाएर, mRNA केही घण्टामा नष्ट हुन्छ। Astra Zeneca र J&J: भाइरल भेक्टर खोपहरू। यी खोपहरूमा कमजोर बनाइएको एक हानिरहित भाइरस (जस्तै रुघाको भाइरस) र त्यसछि कोभिड-१९ भाइरसको काँटादार प्रोटिनको अंश थपेर परिमार्जन उपयोग हुन्छ। उपरोक्त mRNA खोपहरूमा जस्तै एक प्रक्रियाले हाम्रो शरीरलाई एन्टिबडीहरू बनाउने र अन्य प्रतिरक्षा कोशिकाहरूलाई सक्रिय गर्ने कार्य आरम्भ गराउँछ । तीमध्ये कुनै पनि प्रक्रियाले तपाईंको DNA सँग अन्तरक्रिया गर्दैन वा तपाईंको DNA लाई परिवर्तन गर्दैन। कुनै पनि खोपमा जीवित कोभिड-१९ भाइरस छैन। सबै खोपहरूका यी जस्ता एउटै खाले साइड इफेक्टहरू हुन्छन् : सुई लगाइएको स्थानमा दुख्ने, थकाइ लाग्ने, ज्वरो आउने वा फ्लु जस्ता लक्षणहरू देखा पर्ने, टाउको दुख्ने, मध्यम तरिकाले मांसपेशी/जोर्नी दुख्ने। हेल्थ क्यानडा (Health Canada) ले Pfizer- BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca र Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) कोभिड-१९ का खोपहरूलाई क्यानडामा उपयोग गर्नका लागि स्वीकृति दिएको छ। पार्दैन। कोभिड-१९ खोप लगायत, कुनै पनि खोप जीवित खोप नभएकाले, यिनीहरू लगाउँदा कोभिड-१९ परीक्षणका नतिजाहरूमा प्रभाव पर्ने छैन।