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September is Ovarian Cancer Awareness month and it serves as a great reminder to schedule an annual gynecology appointment, if you haven’t done so already. While it’s true that any cell in any part of your body can become cancerous, ovarian cancer is one of the more prevalent and deadliest of cancers in women. In fact, a woman’s risk for getting ovarian cancer in her lifetime is 1 in 75. While this is a very real number, there are risk factors that women should know, as well as ways to help prevent ovarian cancer or at least detect signs of it early. What is Ovarian Cancer Ovaries are reproductive glands that are found only in female bodies. The ovaries are responsible for producing eggs for reproduction. Each menstrual cycle, healthy ovaries will take turns (one ovary one cycle, and another ovary the next) sending eggs from the ovaries through to the fallopian tubes and into the uterus. Once there, if fertilization happens, that egg develops into a fetus. The ovaries are made up of three types of cells, that can each develop into a different type of tumor: Epithelial Tumor: This type of tumor starts from the cells that cover the outer surface of the ovary. Most ovarian tumors are this type. Germ Cell Tumor: This type of tumor starts from the cells that produce the eggs Stromal Tumor: This type of tumor starts in the tissue cells that hold the ovary together. These tissue cells are responsible for estrogen and progesterone production. Sometimes, a tumor can form that is entirely benign (or non-cancerous). Ovarian cancer, just like any other type of cancer, is when abnormal cells form in the body at a more rapid rate. Research suggests that ovarian cancer doesn’t always start in the ovaries. Instead, studies show that abnormal cells can multiply in the cells in the far end of the fallopian tubes, which then migrate to the ovaries. Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer There are certain genetic tendencies or even lifestyle choices that could put a woman more at risk of ovarian cancer. For starters, activities like smoking can not only put a woman at risk for ovarian cancer, it can put all men and women at risk for any form of cancer or disease. However, just because you do have a specific risk factor (like a family history of cancer) doesn’t mean you will absolutely get ovarian cancer. The important thing is knowing the risk factors, understanding the symptoms and following a routine women’s health plan to make sure any issue is caught early. Getting Older Your age plays a big role in whether or not you’re at risk for ovarian cancer. In fact, as women age, their risk of developing ovarian cancer increases. The reason for this is because the older you are, the more times your body has ovulated. Cancer occurs when abnormal cells multiply, and ovulation is your body routinely producing cells. So the more cells your body is making, the more chances that they could become abnormal or cancerous. Ovarian cancer is rare in women younger than 40, and most ovarian cancers develop after menopause. Weight Obesity has been linked with a higher risk of many cancers, not just ovarian cancer. While researchers have been unable to determine the exact link between ovarian cancer and obesity, studies still show that women who are overweight or obese tend to have a higher risk of ovarian cancer. Childbirth Women who have their first full-term pregnancy after the age of 35, or who have never carried a pregnancy to term have a higher risk of ovarian cancer. Additionally, links have been made between fertility treatment such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and an increase in risk of ovarian tumors. Family History Ovarian cancer can “run in families.” If your mother, sister or daughter has or has had ovarian cancer, you may be at a higher risk. The risk also increases the more family members who have who have had ovarian cancer (i.e. 3 family members versus 1). Additionally, a family history of colorectal and breast cancer is also linked to an increase in ovarian cancer risk. The reason for this is that these types of cancers can be caused by a gene mutation that is often inherited. Factors That Can Lower Risk There are certain factors that could decrease the risk of ovarian cancer, though it’s not always guaranteed. The key is to make an informed chance or decision based on you, your lifestyle and a conversation between you and your doctor. Pregnancy and breastfeeding Just as mentioned above, women who carry a pregnancy to term earlier on in life have seen a lower risk of ovarian cancer. Additionally, studies have shown that breastfeeding has been linked with a lower risk. Birth Control Women who have used oral contraceptives (i.e. birth control pills) have seen a lower risk of ovarian cancer. The reason for this is because the pill will stop ovulation from happening. As addressed above, the less a woman’s body ovulates, the lower her potential risk of ovarian cancer. Other forms of birth control have also been linked with a lower risk, like tubal ligation and short-term IUDs. Early Detection is Key Early detection is absolutely crucial when it comes to ovarian cancer. Catching cancer (of any kind) early allows for more treatment options. Ovarian cancer can be detected early by a pelvic exam during a routine gynecology appointment. During this appointment, a gynecologist will feel the ovaries and uterus for size, shape and consistency. If you begin experiencing any of the following symptoms, contact your gynecologist for an appointment, even if it’s not time for your annual: - Bloating - Pelvic or abdominal pain - Trouble eating or feeling full quickly - Urinary symptoms such as urgency (always feeling like you have to go) or frequency (having to go often) - Fatigue - Upset stomach - Back pain - Pain during sex - Constipation - Changes in period (such as heavier bleeding than normal or irregular bleeding) - Abdominal swelling with weight loss We Are Here to Help At Community Access Network, you have a team of providers who are dedicated to your health and care. Our on-site gynecologists can provide your annual physical for you, or see you if you experience any abnormal symptoms in between appointments. If you have any questions at all about your reproductive health or symptoms you’re experiencing, call us for an appointment today.
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महिलाहरुमा हुने विभिन्न किसिमका क्यान्सर मध्ये डिम्बाशयको क्यान्सर पनि एक हो। क्यान्सर रोग विशेषज्ञ डा सृष्टि श्रेष्ठ प्रजापतिका अनुसार डिम्बाशयको क्यान्सर हुनुको कारण यही नै हो भनेर ठोकुवा गर्न सक्ने अवस्था नभएपनि वंशागुणत कारण तथा महिलाहरुले ढिलो उमेरसम्म पनि बच्चा नजन्माउदा हुने सम्भावना बढी हुन्छ। समयमै पत्ता लागेमा डिम्बाशयको क्यान्सर उपचार गरेर निको पार्न सकिने डा प्रजापतिले जानकारी दिइन्। उनी क्यान्सर छ वा छैन भनेर समयमै पत्ता लगाउन आवश्यक रहेको कुरामा जोड दिन्छिन्। डा प्रजापतिसँग डिम्बाशयको क्यान्सरबारे स्वास्थ्यखबरकी रिता लम्सालले गरेको कुराकानीः डिम्बाशयको क्यान्सर भनेको के हो? ओभरीको क्यान्सरलाई नेपालीमा डिम्बाशयको क्यान्सर भनिन्छ। महिलाको पाठेघरको दायाँ र बायाँ डिम्बबाहिनी नली हुन्छ। उक्त नलीपछि अण्डाशय वा डिम्बा रहेको हुन्छ। यसमा हुने क्यान्सरलाई नै डिम्बाशयको क्यान्सर भनिन्छ। कुनैपनि क्यान्सर हुनु भनेको ‘एबनर्मल’ कोशिकाहरुको अनियन्त्रित वृद्धि हुनु हो। यसरी अनावश्यक कोशिकाहरु अत्याधिक मात्रामा वृद्धि हुँदा ट्युमर निस्किन्छ। डिम्बाशयमा अनियन्त्रित कोशिकाहरु वृद्धि भयो भने त्यसलाई डिम्बाशयको क्यान्सर भनिन्छ। डिम्बाशयमा क्यानसर किन हुन्छ? कुन उमेर समुहका महिलामा डिम्बाशयको क्यान्सर हुने जोखिम बढी हुन्छ? डिम्बाशयमा क्यान्सर हुनुको कारक तत्व भने अहिलेसम्म यही नै हो भनेर एकिन गर्न सकिएको छैन। तर कुन उमेर समुहका महिलाहरुमा यो क्यान्सर हुने जोखिम रहन्छ भनेर भन्न सकिन्छ। जस्तो परिवारमा दिदी बहिनी वा आमा, आमाका दिदीबहिनीहरुमा क्यान्सर छ भने त्यो परिवारका अन्य महिलाहरुलाई पनि यो क्यान्सर हुने सम्भावना हुन्छ। जसलाई हामी वंशाणुगत कारण भन्ने गर्छौं। युवा अवस्थामै डिम्बाशयको क्यान्सर हुन्छ भने त्यो वंशाणुगत कारण हुनसक्ने सम्भावना बढी हुन्छ। अर्को कुरा महिलाहरु महिनावारी हुने वा गर्भवती हुने गर्छन्। त्यो समयमा शरीरमा हर्मोनल ‘ग्याप’ हुन्छ। यो नहुँदा अर्थात महिलाहरुले ढिलो उमेरसम्म पनि बच्चा नजन्माउँदा पनि डिम्बाशयको क्यान्सर हुने जोखिम उच्च रहन्छ। डिम्बाशयको क्यान्सर भएका बिरामी समयमै उपचारका लागि आइपुग्ने गरेका छन्? नेपालको अवस्था र विश्वको अवस्था हेर्दा पनि डिम्बाशयको क्यान्सर भएका महिलाहरु उपचारमा ढिला आउने गरेको देखिन्छ। यसको मुख्य कारणमा जस्तैः पाठेघर वा पाठेघरको मुखको क्यान्सर पहिलो चरणमै लक्षणहरु देखिन्छ। तर डिम्बाशयको क्यान्सरमा सुरुवाती अवस्थामा लक्षण नदेखिन सक्छ। त्यसैले डिम्बाशयको क्यान्सरलाई ‘साइलेन्ट किलर’ पनि भन्ने गर्छौं। यो लुकेर आउँछ। डिम्बाशयको क्यान्सर भएका महिलाहरु ग्याष्ट्राइटिसको जस्तो पेट फुल्ने, खाना नपच्ने, खान मन नलाग्ने, थोरै खाना खाँदा पनि पेट फुलेको जस्तो लक्षण देखिन्छ। तर यस्तो लक्षण देखिँदा महिलाहरु खानपिनमा गडबड भयो वा ग्याष्ट्राइटिस भयो होला भन्ने सोचेर औषधि पसलबाट ग्याष्ट्राइटिसको औषधि खाएर बस्ने गरेको पनि देखिन्छ। लामो समयसम्म समस्या देखिएपछि २,३ महिनामा क्यान्सर परीक्षण गर्न आइपुग्दा उहाँहरुमा तेस्रो तथा चौँथो स्टेजको क्यान्सर भइसकेको भेटिने गरेको छ। कुनैपनि क्यान्सर जति छिटो पत्ता लाग्यो त्यति नै निको हुने सम्भावना बढी हुन्छ। तर जति ढिला उपचारमा आउनुहुन्छ त्यति नै पूर्ण निको हुने सम्भावना कम रहन्छ। डिम्बाशयको क्यान्सर लाग्नै नदिन वा रोकथाम गर्न सकिन्छ? डिम्बाशयको क्यान्सर लाग्नै नदिने उपाय छ भन्न सकिँदैन। तर, रोग समयमै पत्ता लगाउन भने सकिन्छ। रोग लागेर सिकिस्त नभएसम्म अस्पताल नजाने धेरैको बानी भएकाले पनि समस्या परेको हो। यदी यो बानी परिवर्तन गर्ने हो र कम्तिमा वर्षमा एकपटक मात्र भएपनि आफ्नो स्वास्थ्यलाई प्राथमिकता दिएर स्वास्थ्य परीक्षण गराएमा समयमै रोग पत्ता लगाउन सकिन्छ। हामीले भेट्ने गरेका छौं बिदेश जानका लागि स्वास्थ्य परीक्षण गर्दा डिम्बाशयमा डल्लो देखिएर आएको भन्ने महिलाहरु। त्यसैले नियमित स्वास्थ्यजाँच, भिडियो एक्सरे, अल्ट्रासाउण्ड गर्दा पनि डिम्बाशयमा क्यान्सर भएको भेटिन सक्छ। यो प्रविधिलाई पनि विकास गर्न आवश्यक छ। अर्को कुरा डिम्बाशयको क्यान्सर वंशागुणत हुने भएकाले परिवारमा कसैलाई डिम्बासयको क्यान्सर छ भने उहाँहरुले ध्यान दिनुपर्छ। समयमै परीक्षण गराउनुपर्छ।