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“I was but a man like others, asleep upon My couch, when lo, the breezes of the All-Glorious were wafted over Me, and taught Me the knowledge of all that hath been. This thing is not from Me, but from One Who is Almighty and All-Knowing. His all-compelling summons hath reached Me, and caused Me to speak His praise amidst all people.” — Bahá’u’lláh The mid-nineteenth century was a time of a new awakening in the life of humanity. Throughout Europe, Latin America, China, India and North America, one after the other, peoples arose to overthrow oppressive political and social systems. It seemed like human consciousness was awakening out of a long night of passivity and submission. Everywhere there was a yearning for a new vision for society based on justice, equality and the nobility of the human being. The sense that the dawn of a great age was at hand was captured in the words of the poets of the time. As Rabindranath Tagore wrote, “The call has come to every individual in the present age to prepare himself and his surroundings for this dawn of a new era when man shall discover his soul in the spiritual unity of all human beings.” At such a time, unknown to most of the world, the sun of a new message from God arose in Iran with the appearance of Baha’u’llah, God’s messenger for humanity’s coming of age. Baha’u’llah taught that there is one God, that all religions came from the same God and were true in essence and that the time has come for the unification of the human race. The life of Bahá’u’lláh was characterized by the same superlative qualities that distinguished the earthly lives of the Founders of the other great religions. Born in Iran in 1817 into the family of a wealthy nobleman, from His early childhood Bahá’u’lláh showed uncommon wisdom and His qualities of kindness, generosity and justice were without peer. After His father’s death, He was offered a high position in the court of the king, which He politely refused, preferring instead to dedicate His time to helping the oppressed, the sick and the poor. When Bahá’u’lláh proclaimed His mission in the middle of the nineteenth century as the Prophet Founder of a new religion, His teachings were revolutionary for the vision of modernity that they unveiled. His central principle—that the time had come for the oneness of humankind to be realized—was supplemented by a host of social teachings such as the equality of women and men, the harmony between science and religion, the need for the independent investigation of the truth, the abolition of priesthood, the abandonment of all forms of prejudice, and universal education. His teachings provoked a hailstorm of opposition from the ecclesiastical and political orthodoxy of the time that was steeped in a medieval mindset. The Shia clergy of Iran along with two of the most powerful courts of the time—the King of Iran and the Ottoman Empire—did everything in their power to extinguish His influence. Bahá’u’lláh was stripped of all his wealth, was tortured, beaten, imprisoned in chains, and was exiled four times from country to country until He passed away in 1892 in the Ottoman Empire’s penal colony of Acre (Akko in today’s Israel). Despite His appalling sufferings, Bahá’u’lláh continued in His mission revealing over a hundred volumes of sacred texts for humanity’s guidance. He had unconquerable Faith in the nobility that the human race could rise to and no amount of pain or sacrifice could deter Him from sowing the seeds of that transformation which would allow humanity to achieve its true destiny. During His lifetime, Bahá’u’lláh’s influence grew despite the opposition of His enemies. Wherever He was exiled, thousands were drawn to His teachings and by the love, power and majesty of His Person. Today His Faith has spread to every corner of the world with more than six million followers and millions of others drawing inspiration for building a united world from His life and words. The Cambridge orientalist Edward Granville Browne met Baha’u’llah shortly before His passing. He has left for posterity this moving pen portrait: “The face of him on whom I gazed I can never forget, though I cannot describe it. Those piercing eyes seemed to read one’s very soul; power and authority sat on that ample brow … No need to ask in whose presence I stood, as I bowed myself before one who is the object of a devotion and love which kings might envy and emperors sigh for in vain!” Exploring this topic: The Life of Bahá’u’lláh The Early Bahá’í Community The Shrine of Bahá’u’lláh Quotations Articles and Resources
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“म त अरू जस्तै एक मानिस थिए, आफ्नो ओछ्यानमा सुतिरहेका, जब वैभवशाली बतासको सप्कोले मलाई छोई सबै ज्ञान दिए। यो कुरा मबाट नभएर सबैका ज्ञाता ईश्वरका हुन्, उनको आह्वान मसम्म पुग्यो र मलाई उनको प्रशंसा सबै मानिसबीच बोल्न/बताउन लगाए।” — बहाउल्लाह उन्नाइसौं शताब्दीको मध्यकाल मानव जीवनको नवजागरणको समय थियो। युरोप, दक्षिण अमेरिका, चीन, भारत अनि उत्तर अमेरिकाभरी, एकपछि अर्को गर्दै जनताले तानाशाही राजनीतिक अनि सामाजिक प्रणालीको तख्ता पलट गरिरेहका थिए। धेरै लामो निष्क्रियता अनि अधीनताको कालो रातपछि मानव चेतना जागिरहेको आभास भइरहेको थियो। चारैतिर न्याय, समानता अनि मानवताको उत्कृष्टतामा आधारित समाजको नयाँ परिकल्पनाको चाहना बढिरहेको थियो। महान् युगको अरुणोदय हुने भाव त्यसताकका कविहरूका शब्दमा पनि प्रस्फुटित भएका थिए। र कवि रविन्द्रनाथ ठाकुरले लेखेका थिए, “यस वर्तमान युगमा सबै व्यक्तिले स्वयं अनि आफ्नो परिवेशलाई नयाँ युगको अरुणोदयका लागि तयार गर्नुपर्ने आह्वान भएको छ, जब मानवले सबै मानवताको आध्यात्मिक एकतामा आफ्नो आत्माको खोज गर्नेछन्।” यस्ता समयमा, अधिकांश विश्वले पत्तो नपाई, आउँदो युगमा मानवताका लागि ईश्वरका दूतका रूपमा बहाउल्लाह इरानमा उदाए। बहाउल्लाहले ईश्वर केवल एक छन् र सबै धर्म ती एकै ईश्वरबाट आएका हुन् र सारमा सत्य थिए र मानवजातिको एकिकरणको समय वास्तवमै आइसकेको शिक्षा दिए। बहाउल्लाहको जीवन उही उत्कृष्ट गुणले युक्त थियो, जसले अन्य महान् धर्महरूका संस्थापकहरूका लौकिक जीवनलाई विशिष्ट बनाएका थिए। इरानमा सन् 1817 मा एक सम्भ्रान्त कुलीन परिवारमा जन्मिएका बहाउल्लाले बाल्यकालदेखि नै असामान्य ज्ञानका साथै करुणा, सदाशयता अनि न्यायका गुणहरू कुनै साथ-सङ्गतबिनै दर्शाउन थालेका थिए। आफ्नो पिताको मृत्युपछि, उनलाई राजाको दरबारमा उच्च पद पेश गरिएको थियो, जुन उनले विनम्रताका साथ अस्वीकार गर्दै आफ्नो समय शोषित, बिमार अनि गरीबहरूप्रति समर्पित गर्ने मन बनाए। उन्नाइसौं शताब्दीको मध्यतिर नयाँ धर्मका प्रतिपादक देवदूतका रूपमा बहाउल्लाले आफ्नो लक्ष्यको घोषणा गरे, उनको शिक्षा-दीक्षा आधुनिकताको सूत्रपात गराउने परिकल्पनाका साथ क्रान्तिकारी थिए। मानवतालाई एकिकरण गर्ने समय आइपुगेको छ भन्ने उनको मूल सिद्धान्तलाई महिला अनि पुरुषको समानता, विज्ञान एवं धर्मबीच तालमेल, सत्यको स्वतन्त्र खोजीको आवश्यकता, पुरोहिताईको समाप्ति, सबै प्रकारका पूर्वाग्रहको त्याग तथा सार्वभौम शिक्षा अन्य कैयौं सामाजिक शिक्षाले पनि प्रतिपूर्ति गरेको थियो। उनको शिक्षा-दीक्षाले त्यसताका मध्यकालीन मानसिकताले ग्रस्त धार्मिक अनि राजनीतिक रूढिवादिताबाट प्रचण्ड विरोधको पनि सामना गर्नुपरेको थियो। इरानका शिया मुल्लाहरूले त्यसताकका दुई शक्तिशाली दरबार – इरानका राजा अनि अट्टोम्यान (उस्मानी) साम्राज्यले उनको प्रभावलाई नष्ट गर्न हरसम्भव कोशिश गरे। बहाउल्लाहलाई आफ्नो सम्पत्तिबाट बेदखल मात्र गरिएन, तर यातना अनि कुटपीटका साथै साङलोले बाँधी कारावासमा सजायका दिनुका अतिरिक्त, सन् 1892 मा अट्टोमन साम्राज्यको आक्रास्थित (हालमा इज्रायलको अकर) कारागरमा अन्तिम सास फेरेसम्म चारपटक देश निकाला पनि गरियो। अनेकौं कष्ट अनि पीडाका बावजुद, बहाउल्लाहले आफ्नो अभियान जारी राख्दै मानवतालाई मार्गदर्शन गराउने सयकडौं थान पवित्र पाठ लेख्ने क्रम जारी राखे। मानव जातिले हासिल गर्नसक्ने कुलीनतामाथि उनको अभेद्य विश्वास थियो भने मानवतालाई आफ्नो वास्तविक प्रारब्ध हासिल गर्न सम्भव बनाउने रूपान्तरणको बिउ छर्नबाट कुनै प्रकारको चरम पीडा वा त्यागले पनि उनलाई रोक्न सकेन। आफ्नो जीवनकालमा, शत्रुहरूको विरोधका विपरीत बहाउल्लाहको प्रभाव बढ्दै गयो। निर्वासनमा जहाँ-कहीं पठाइए पनि, उनको शिक्षा तथा प्रेम अनि व्यक्तित्त्वको प्रताप अनि वैभवले हजारौंलाई आकर्षित गरे। आज उनको धर्म साठी लाख अनुयायीका साथ विश्वको हरेक कुनामा फैलिएको छ भने लाखौं लाख मानिस एकबद्ध विश्व निर्माणका लागि उनको जीवन अनि वचनहरूबाट प्रेरित भइरहेका छन्। बहाउल्लाह बित्नुभन्दा केही अघि क्याम्ब्रिजका प्राच्यविद् एडवार्ड ग्रानभिल्ले ब्राउनले उनीसँग भेटवार्ता गरेका थिए। उनले भावी पिँढीका लागि हृदयस्पर्शी केही शब्द छोडी गएका छन्, “उनको मुहार जसलाई मैले नियाले, चाहे म त्यसलाई बयान गर्न नसकौं, तर म कहिल्यै बिर्सन सक्दिन। ती तीखा आँखाले कसैको आत्मा पढिरहेको भान हुन्थ्यो; आँखीभौंमा बसेका वैभव अनि प्रभुत्त्व... राजाले ईर्ष्या अनि सम्राट्ले उच्छवास लिनसक्ने प्रेमका समर्पित प्रतिबिम्ब, भनिरहनु पर्दैन म कसको सामु नतमस्तक बनी उभिरहेको थिएँ। Exploring this topic: The Life of Bahá’u’lláh The Early Bahá’í Community The Shrine of Bahá’u’lláh Quotations Articles and Resources