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The article is by kirthi jayakumar Sexual violence is easily the oldest weapon of war Originally published on Global Voices Content notice: this article contains mention of rape, sexual violence, violence against women, genocide, and other topics readers may find disturbing. “Stop Raping Us!” screamed a woman at the recent Cannes Film Festival, in Cannes, France, her body painted blue and yellow — the colors of the Ukrainian flag — while running about as a throng of photographers jostled to get the perfect shot. She was trying to draw public attention to rampant conflict-related sexual violence in Ukraine from Russian soldiers, but she could have been speaking about conflict zones across time and location: today in South Sudan, Tigray, and Yemen, during the Yazidi Genocide in ISIS-occupied territory in Iraq in the mid-2010s, the ongoing rape campaigns in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, previously during World Wars I and II, to name but a few. Understanding conflict-related sexual violence Sexual violence is easily the oldest weapon of war. From historical records of invaders using rape to pillage, plunder, and occupy territories, to the systematic use of sexual violence as tools of genocide and ethnic cleansing, these appalling practices have endured over time. This violence is ubiquitous and exists across the peacetime-wartime continuum. In both war and peace, it is a form of dominance and aggression exercised by the patriarchy over women’s bodies which knows no borders and impacts all women. Sexual violence takes place in an enabling environment made possible by social and cultural attitudes that normalize gender discrimination. Some women are particularly vulnerable because of their unique positionalities in terms of caste, religion, ability, indigeneity, ethnicity, color, race, class, age, and migration status. Women from historically oppressed communities are disproportionately likely to experience violence. Conflict-related sexual violence is a carefully deployed strategy to psychologically break the societies whose women are targeted. Any actor that deploys sexual violence as a war strategy is aware of the robust relationship between gender equality, non-violence, and the establishment of sustainable peace, and wants to break precisely that. As the Cheyenne proverb goes, “A nation is not defeated until the hearts of its women are on the ground. Then it is done, no matter how brave its warriors or how strong its weapons.” In armed conflict, women are deliberately targeted with the specific intention of harming the societies they belong to, or opportunistically harmed, outside of a campaign, with no fear of sanction because the breakdown of the security and justice sectors provides an enabling environment. The devastation caused by war means that women have fewer means to seek redress, if any. And yet, precious little seems to have been done to address this violence. Gaps in the legal system In 2000, the UN Security Council adopted the Women, Peace and Security Agenda through a resolution that called for dedicated attention to addressing conflict-related sexual violence. Today, there is no specific legally binding instrument on violence against women at the UN level. This paves the way for a state of impunity, which is invariably instrumentalized to carry out these crimes. In 2015, the UNÂ declared June 19 the International Day for the Elimination of Sexual Violence in Conflict. It did so to raise awareness about conflict-related sexual violence, honor victims and survivors of sexual violence the world over, and pay tribute to all those who have courageously spent their lives advocating for the eradication of these crimes, as well as those who have lost their lives through sexual violence. Despite these efforts, conflict-related sexual violence continues unabated. The absence of a dedicated, binding treaty specific to ending violence against women and girls at the global level is a huge issue. Today, women’s lived experiences of armed conflict continue to be erased, side-lined in peace processes, and buried under hasty attempts at peace through amnesty that sacrifices justice. A strategy to end conflict-related sexual violence The mindsets and attitudes enabling sexual violence during conflict are rooted in the mindsets and attitudes that prevail in peacetime. A woman is deemed to represent the patriarchal trifecta that commands her life, as Mona Eltahawy put it: the state, the streets, and her home. Women and girls are raised under the assumption (sometimes internalized by them, too) that their bodies are vehicles of honor and shame, and that safeguarding their bodies is critical for social acceptance. If there were no prevalent concepts in peacetime that tied women’s bodies to notions of social honor and shame, sexual and gender-based violence would not hold as a strategy in war. One way to address this is by establishing a global, binding treaty to end violence against women. Such a treaty would require the rollout of legal mechanisms at the domestic level, the provision of survivor services, and the facilitation of prevention education. A treaty would lay the foundation for a minimum standard for the protection of women and girls from violence. This standard would bind all states equally. Law reforms at the state level would bring individual legal systems up to par with the global norm, and translate standards of prevention and redress into action at the grassroots. A treaty to end violence can pave the way for a future in which violence against any woman, anywhere in the world, is acknowledged as unacceptable and actionable. Ultimately, a feminist future is one that is bereft of any form of militarized exchange. As we chase that dream we must be clear-eyed about curbing violence against women during both peace and war. A global treaty would go a long way to ensure that they “Stop Raping Us!” The article is from Global Voices
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युद्धका समयमा यौन हिंसामा पर्नेहरूका वेदनाको सम्बोधन अनि अधिकारको प्रत्याभूत गर्दै विश्वसमक्ष उनीहरूका आवाज सुनाउन हरेक वर्ष जून १९ तारिखमा संयुक्त राष्ट्र सङ्घले द्वन्द्वमा यौन हिंसाको उन्मूलनका लागि अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय दिवस मनाउने गर्छ । १९ जुन सन् २०१५ मा, संयुक्त राष्ट्र सङ्घको महासभा (A/RES/69/293) ले प्रत्येक वर्षको जुन १९ लाई द्वन्द्वमा हुने यौन हिंसाको उन्मूलनको लागि अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय दिवस घोषणा गर्यो । द्धन्दमा हुने यौन हिंसाको अन्त्य गर्न आवश्यक पर्ने चेतना जगाउनको लागि भनेर यस दिवसको खाँका कोरिएको हो । द्वन्द्व(सम्बन्धित यौन हिंसा, विश्वभर यौन हिंसाबाट पीडित भएका र बाँचेकाहरूलाई सम्मान गर्न र यी अपराधहरूको उन्मूलनको लागि खडा हुन साहसपूर्वक आफ्नो जीवन समर्पण गर्ने र आफ्नो जीवन गुमाएका सबैलाई श्रद्धाञ्जली अर्पण गर्न यो दिवसको विशेष भूमिका रहन्छ । ” द्वन्द्व सम्बन्धित यौन हिंसा” भनेको के हो ? “द्वन्द्व(सम्बन्धित यौन हिंसा” शब्दले बलात्कार, यौन दासत्व, जबरजस्ती वेश्यावृत्ति, जबरजस्ती गर्भावस्था, जबरजस्ती गर्भपतन वा नसबंदी, जबरजस्ती विवाह र महिला, पुरुष, महिला वा बालिकाहरू विरुद्ध हुने तुलनात्मक रूपको हरेक प्रकारको यौन हिंसालाई बुझाउँछ जुन द्वन्द्वसँग प्रत्यक्ष वा अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा जोडिएको छ। यो शब्दले यौन हिंसा वा शोषणको उद्देश्यका लागि द्वन्द्वको अवस्थामा प्रतिबद्ध हुँदा व्यक्तिहरूको बेचबिखनलाई पनि समेट्छ। नेपालको सशस्त्र द्धन्दमा यौन हिंसा एक दशक लामो सशस्त्र द्वन्द्वको परिणाम स्वरूप देशमा गम्भीर मानव अधिकार हननका घटनाहरू घटेका छन्। तर शान्ति निर्माण प्रक्रिया सुरु भएको १६ वर्ष पुग्न लाग्दा पनि सशस्त्र द्वन्द्वको समयमा भएका गम्भीर मानव अधिकार उलङ्घनका सवालहरू विशेषतः महिला माथि भएका यौन अपराध जस्ता सवालहरू सम्बोधन हुन सकेका छैनन्।द्वन्द्व पीडित तथा प्रभावित महिलाको आत्मसम्मानसहितको सत्य, न्याय र परिपूरण कालागि अविलम्ब व्यवस्था गर्न साथै सङ्क्रमणकालीन न्यायलाई कानुनी व्याख्याको परिधीवाट फराकिलो पारी स्वन्याय, पारीवारिक न्याय र सामाजिक न्यायको अनुभूति गर्ने संयन्त्र र वातावरण निर्माण गर्न माग गर्दै आजको दिन सरकारसँग अपिल गरिन्छ ।