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Hepatitis C infection doubles the risk of developing cancers of the oral cavity, upper throat, and larynx, a meta-analysis of eight studies has shown and the study authors say that people with hepatitis C should be checked regularly for these cancers. The findings are published in the journal Oral Oncology. Hepatitis C has linked to the development of several types of cancer apart from hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer), including non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Some studies have shown that people with hepatitis C are at higher risk of developing several types of head and neck cancers, but these studies have been small and estimates of the increased risk vary. Head and neck cancers are defined as those occurring in the oral cavity, the nose and sinuses, the salivary glands, the back of the nose and throat (nasopharynx), the upper throat (oropharynx), the lower throat (hypopharynx) or the voice-box (larynx). These cancers are most often caused by smoking and alcohol. Oropharyngeal cancer is often caused by human papillomavirus. Almost all head and neck cancers start in the squamous cells that line the mouth, throat, and nose. Cancers of the mouth are the most common head and neck cancers. Approximately 12,000 head and neck cancer were diagnosed in the United Kingdom between 2015 and 2017 and head and neck cancers cause 450,000 deaths worldwide each year. Investigators from the United Kingdom, Italy, and the United States carried out a meta-analysis of published studies of head and neck cancer risk in people with hepatitis C. They identified eight studies (3 case-control and 5 observational studies) that reported on the risk of head and neck cancers in people with confirmed hepatitis C infection. The case-control studies matched 1625 cases of head and neck cancers with 2561 controls. Observational cohort studies (three in people with viral hepatitis) reported 58 cases. Seven studies reported on the association between hepatitis C and oral cancers, finding that people with hepatitis C were approximately twice as likely as others to develop oral cancer (pooled relative risk 2.13, 95% CI 1.61-2.83). Five studies reported on the risk of oropharyngeal cancer, finding that people with hepatitis C were approximately twice as likely as others to develop oropharyngeal cancer (RR 1.81, 1.21-272). Three studies reported on the risk of laryngeal cancer, showing that people with hepatitis C were approximately two-and-a-half times more likely than others to develop laryngeal cancer (RR 2.51, 1.11-5.94). Only two studies reported on the risk of hypopharyngeal cancers and this did not show an increased risk in people with hepatitis C. The association between hepatitis C and head and neck cancers persisted after people with HIV co-infection were excluded from the analysis (immunosuppression caused by HIV raises the risk of some cancers). The authors say that the mechanism through which hepatitis C might influence cancer development is unknown, although the virus can be isolated from saliva and has been found in cancer epithelial cells in people with oral cancer. But the authors also acknowledge that studies included in this analysis did not carry out sub-group analyses that took into account smoking, alcohol consumption, or human papillomavirus infection, each of which might be more prevalent in people with hepatitis C. Doctors treating people with head and neck cancers should consider the possibility of undiagnosed hepatitis C and liver specialists should carry out regular checks for head and neck cancers in their patients with hepatitis C, the authors conclude. मदन पुरस्कार स्थापना घोषणा कहिले भएको थियो ?– वि.सं. २०१२ मसिंर २८ २. मदन पुरस्कार कहिलेबाट वितरण सुरु भएको हो ?– वि.सं. २०१३ ३. मदन पुरस्कार स्थापना कालको पुरस्कार राशि कति थियो ?– रु. The skull is made out of two arrangements of bones cranial and facial. Cranial bones are 8 in number, facial bones are 14. Thus, the skull is made of all-out 22 bones. The cranial bones […] PathshalaNepal.com is a Registered Company of E. Pathshala Pvt Ltd Nepal. Registration number : 289280 All right Reversed. Pathshala Pvt Ltd We have detected that you are using extensions to block ads. Please support us by disabling these ads blocker.
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स्याङ्जाको वालिङ नगरपालिकाका ती व्यक्तिमा आइतबार कोरोना संक्रमित पुष्टि भएपछि पोखरा स्वास्थ्य विज्ञान प्रतिष्ठानको आइसोलेसन बेडमा उपचारका लागि भर्ना गरिएको थियो । उनी लामो समयदेखि मिर्गौला रोगबाट पीडित भएको पाइएको छ । उनी ६ महिना अघिमात्रै उपचारका लागि भारतको मुम्बई गएर यही जेठ २१ मा नेपाल फर्किएका थिए । वालिङ नगरप्रमुख दिलीपप्रताप खाँडका अनुसार सुनौली नाकामा अलपत्र परेको सूचना थाहा पाएपछि जेठ २१ को राति नै उनलाई उद्धार गरी घर ल्याइएको थियो । तर अवस्था नाजुक भएपछि उनलाई जेठ २२ मा पोखरा स्वास्थ्य विज्ञान प्रतिष्ठानमा ल्याइएको थियो । प्रतिष्ठानको प्रिआइसोलेसन वार्डमा राखेर स्वाब परीक्षण गर्दा आइतबार ती पुरुषमा कोरोना संक्रमण देखिएको थियो । त्यसपछि आइसोलेसन वार्डमा सारेर उपचार गर्ने क्रममा आइतबार राति उनको मृत्यु भएको प्रदेश स्वास्थ्य निर्देशनालयले जनाएको छ । हालसम्म सबैभन्दा कम संक्रमित गण्डकी प्रदेशमा कोरोना संक्रमणबाट मृत्यु भएको यो पहिलो घटना हो । प्रदेश स्वास्थ्य निर्देशक डा.विनोदबिन्दु शर्माले सोमबार बिहानै विज्ञप्तिमार्फत मृत्युको पुष्टि गरेका हुन् । प्रदेशभरि हालसम्म ११४ जनामा कोरोना संक्रमण देखिएको छ । तीमध्ये ३ जना निको भएका छन् । योसँगै नेपालमा कोरोना संक्रमणबाट मृत्यु हुनेको संख्या १४ पुगेको छ । संक्रमण पुष्टि भएकामध्ये हालसम्म ४ सय ६७ जना निको भएका छन् । There are numbers of shapes and geometrical constructions to be drawn in mathematics for SEE students. Having the knowledge of each and every components inside a geometry box can be really helpful in mathematics class The skull is made out of two arrangements of bones cranial and facial. Cranial bones are 8 in number, facial bones are 14. Thus, the skull is made of all-out 22 bones. The cranial bones […] PathshalaNepal.com is a Registered Company of E. Pathshala Pvt Ltd Nepal. Registration number : 289280 All right Reversed.E. Pathshala Pvt Ltd We have detected that you are using extensions to block ads. Please support us by disabling these ads blocker.