https___www.icrw.org_issues_child-marriage_.xml
https___samriddhasamaj.com_archives_6047_1.xml
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Approximately 12 million girls are married each year before they reach the age of 18, according to UNICEF data from 2018. That’s one in five girls globally whose childhood is abruptly ended and future prospects further complicated. Referred to as early or child marriage — a marriage or union in which one partner is under the age of 18 —the practice disproportionately impacts girls. According to USAID, forced marriage is a marriage at any age that occurs without the free and full consent of one or both spouses. This includes child and early marriage, as people under 18 are not able to give full consent. Child, early and forced marriage occur throughout the world, in both high- and low-income countries. And it is not tied to any one region, religion or culture. The practice has affected 650 million women alive today. The practice of child marriage is a violation of girls’ human rights. In addition to putting a girl’s health at risk, it hinders her ability to exercise her right to choose who, if, and when she marries; to pursue her right to education; and in many cases, may also impede her legal and economic rights. Child marriage ultimately violates a girl’s aspirations and achievements. The reasons behind child marriage are complex, but some root causes include inequitable gender norms, poverty and the belief that marriage will protect girls from sexual assault or harassment. Current research shows that child marriage limits girls’ education, leads to early and more frequent childbirth and puts girls at a heightened risk of experiencing violence, food insecurity and other negative health outcomes, such as pregnancy complications or sexually transmitted diseases. Women who were married as girl also have fewer economic opportunities and experience greater degrees of social isolation. The practice is costing the global economy trillions of dollars, according to research conducted by ICRW and the World Bank. Furthermore, early marriage will have a negative impact on the next generation. Research has shown that children of women who married early will have a lower likelihood of surviving infancy and early childhood, and their own prospects at economic prosperity, educational achievement and health are significantly reduced. As a result, child marriage has a profound impact on girls, their families, communities and countries worldwide. The latest UNICEF data shows that 25 million child marriages were prevented in the last decade, which is significant progress. ICRW has conducted research on the solutions to child marriage, and we must do more. Continued concerted efforts to address the root causes of child, early and forced marriage is essential to ensure that we achieve Sustainable Development Goal 5.3 and end child marriages by 2030. ICRW was one of the first organizations to conduct research and engage in advocacy around child marriage. This research has not only explored the impacts of child marriage, but also the root causes of and best practices to prevent child marriage. ICRW has also explored how best to support girls who are already married. Our research has been designed to better understand the scope, causes and consequences of child marriage in order to find effective solutions to prevent the practice in a number of different cultural contexts around the world. Collaborating with local partners, we have designed effective programs that work with girls and boys, their families and their communities to delay marriage. We have evaluated projects and programs to determine how and why they work. We use our research to educate national and international policymakers on the urgent need for leadership and action to prevent child marriage. The United Nations and policymakers in the United States have relied on ICRW research to inform the creation and improvement of policies and practices, as well as to build more successful interventions to prevent the practice and include girls who are already married in programming across various sectors.
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मकवानपुर जिल्लामा बालविवाह जटिल समस्याको रुपमा रहेको छ । मकवानपुरका पालिकाहरु बालविवाहलाई रोक्ने योजनामा छन् तर, बालविवाह भित्रको जटिलतालाई देखेर आत्तिएका छन् । बकैया गाउँपालिकाकी उपाध्यक्ष सरला बोलखे वडा सदस्यहरुलाई टोल टोल निगरानीको जिम्मा दिँदा पनि बालविवाह रोक्न नसकिएको बताउनुहुन्छ । राक्सिराङ गाउँपालिकाका अध्यक्ष राजकुमार मल्ल पनि पालिकाले मात्रै बालविवाह रोक्न सक्ने अवस्था नरहेको बताउनुहुन्छ । बालविवाह नियन्त्रणकै सन्दर्भमा समाज सम्पादक सुरेश श्रेष्ठले राक्सिराङ गाउँपालिकाका अध्यक्ष राजकुमार मल्लसँग गर्नुभएको कुराकानीः राक्सिराङ गाउँपालिकाले बालविवाहको मुद्दालाई कसरी हेरिरहको छ ? मल्लः मकवानपुरको कर्णाली भनेर राक्सिराङ गाउँपालिकालाई चिनिन्छ । यहाँ अशिक्षित मानिसहरुको बाक्लो बसोबास पनि छ । गरिबीका कारण यहाँ बालविवाह बढी छ । यहाँको भोक र रोगले पिल्सिएका चेपाङ बस्ती छ । यहाँ हुने बालविवाह नियन्त्रण गर्न गाउँपालिकाले मात्र सम्भव छैन । किनभने राक्सिराङ बागमती प्रदेशमा बढी बालविवाह हुने पालिकामा पर्न सक्छ । बालविवाह न्यूनीकरण गर्न प्रदेश सरकारले बालविवाह मुक्त प्रदेश बनाउने योजना ल्याएको छ । अधिकांश चेपाङहरु १२/१३ वर्षमै विवाह गरेर जाने प्रचलन छ । विद्यालयहरुमा चेतनामुलक अभिमूखीकरण गर्दै आएका छन् । यतिले पर्याप्त भएको छैन । राक्सिराङमा ५ कक्षासम्म पढ्दै विवाह गर्ने पनि छन् । हामीले कक्षा ८ कक्षासम्म पढाउने बालिकालाई मासिक ५ सय उपलब्ध गराउँदै आएका छौं । ८ कक्षा माथिका बालबालिका मासिक ५ सय भत्ता उपलब्ध गराउँदै आए तापनि प्रभावकारी बनेको छैन । यसबाट करिब ४ सय विद्यार्थीहरु लाभान्वित छन् । बालविवाह हुनुका प्रमुख कारणहरु के–के छन् ? मल्लः राक्सिराङको परिवेश अनुसार फरक छ । पहिलो गरिबी हो । गरिबी भएपछि खान पाउँदैनन् । त्यसपछि हेटौंडा लगायत अन्य स्थानमा ज्याला गर्न बालबालिका जान्छन् । घरका अभिभावक गिठठा, भ्याकुर खोज्न जाने, माछा मार्ने जाने गर्छन् । छोरी ठुलो हुनु भन्दा अघि नै सानैमा फलानोको छोरालाई छोरी दिने भन्ने प्रचलन छ । पुरानो प्रचलन पोङ समाउने छ । अशिक्षा, भोकमरी तथा गरिबी बालविवाह हुनका कारण हुन् । गरिबी हटे भने बालविवाह पनि धेरै नियन्त्रण हुन्छ । बालविवाह रोक्न के–के प्रयत्नहरु भएका छन् ? मल्लः अहिलेसम्म थोरै काम भएका छन् । गाउँपालिकाको भवन वडा कार्यालयहरु तयार, कर्मचारीहरु काममा भर्खर पठाउन थालेका छन् । बालबालिका महिला कार्यक्रम गर्न यसअघि समस्या थियो । ३० देखि ४० जनाको दरबन्दी भएको स्थानमा ३ देखि ४ जनाले काम गरेका थियौं । कर्मचारी पठाएपछि लकडाउन भयो । गाउँपालिकाले प्रोत्साहन गरेर बालविवाह न्यूनीकरण गर्न खोजेको छ । विद्यालय विद्यालयमा गएर बालविवाह सम्बन्धी अभिमुखीकरण भएको छ । घरबाट छिट्टै विवाह गर्न तम्सिएका परिवारहरुलाई सम्झाउने गरेका छौं । यस्तो गर्दा पनि कक्षाका विद्यार्थीहरु खाली हुने गरेर विवाह पनि भएका छन् । अशिक्षाका कारण यस्तो गतिविधी भएको हो । हामीले खाना नपाउने विद्यार्थीलाई राहत उपलब्ध गराएर, लाउन नपाएकालाई पोशाक उपलब्ध गराएका छौं । अब व्यापक तरिकाले बालविवाहविरुद्ध लाग्ने योजना छ । यसका लागि विभिन्न संघ, संस्थाहरु पनि सहयोग गर्न तयार छन् ।