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Taliban And Afghanistan History: The situation in Afghanistan as it is at present, it was very similar in 1996. Then Taliban had captured Kabul, today Kabul is about to collapse again. About 20 years ago, the US leadership claimed that the Taliban regime had ended in Afghanistan. Not much time has passed and the situation is that Afghan President Ashraf Ghani has fled abroad, Taliban has entered Kabul. A fear that had been hidden somewhere in my mind that the period of repression and atrocities would begin as soon as the Taliban returned, is now proving to be true. But don’t even think that the last 20 years passed very peacefully. America and its allies never had complete control over Afghanistan. Violence continued unabated… The result is in front of all of us today. Table of Contents What is Taliban? Taliban means ‘student’ in Pashtun, in a way it refers to their beginnings (madrasas). The Taliban was born in a madrassa that taught a radical form of Sunni Islam in northern Pakistan. The Taliban strengthened in the early 1990s, the civil war that broke out in the post-Soviet era. In the beginning, people liked him more than the rest of the Mujahideen because the Taliban had promised that they would end corruption and anarchy. But the violent attitude of the Taliban and the brutal punishment of Islamic law spread terror among the people. Music, TV, and cinema were banned. Men were required to keep beards, women could not go out without covering themselves from head to toe. The Taliban captured Herat in 1995 and Kabul in 1996. By 1998, almost the whole of Afghanistan was ruled by the Taliban. Where does the Taliban make money? There is no shortage of money for the Taliban. Earning more than one billion dollars every year. According to an estimate, he earned $ 1.6 billion in 2019-20. The main sources of income of Taliban are as follows: Drugs: $416 million per year Mining: $464 million last year Extortion: $160 million Donations: $240 million in 2020 Exports: $240 million every year Real estate: $80 million per year Help from friends: between $100 million and $500 million in aid from countries like Russia, Iran, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia Who runs the Taliban? When did terror spread in the world? The Taliban is led by a council named Quetta Shura. This council works from Quetta. In 2013, Mullah Omar, the founder of the Taliban, was killed, and his successor, Mullah Akhtar Mansour, was shot down in a 2016 drone strike. Mawlawi Haibatullah Akhundzada has since been the commander of the Taliban. Umar’s son Mulla Mohammad Yakub is also with Haibatullah. Apart from this, the co-founder of the Taliban, Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar and the head of the Haqqani network, Sirajuddin Haqqani, are also part of the Taliban. - In 2001, the Taliban blew up two statues of Mahatma Buddha in Bamiyan. - In 2012, the Taliban targeted a schoolgirl, Malala Yousafzai. Malala was later awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. How is the Taliban capturing so fast? Since 2014, America has been cutting the number of troops here. The Taliban meanwhile continued to strengthen its hold. This year, when the US showed haste in its withdrawal, the Taliban got a chance. The biggest change in today and a few weeks ago is that there is not a single US fighter jet in Afghanistan. There planes fly from the Gulf and aircraft carriers. The mechanics who repaired Afghan Air Force planes are also gone. The Taliban, on the other hand, have about 85,000 fighters and are at their strongest in 20 years. 20 years of efforts in just 10 days wasted In April, the US said it would withdraw troops from Afghanistan. Since then, the Taliban have captured areas they had not ruled for years. Almost every state capital has been ruled by the Taliban. In the above graphics you can see where the Taliban have captured in the last 10 days. Afghanistan has been unstable for 5 decades The state of instability in Afghanistan is more than five decades old, not two three. - Zahir Shah got the throne in 1933. After this there was peace for four decades. - In the 1950s, Prime Minister Mohammad Dawood began to grow closer to the Soviet Union. - Dawood came to power in 1973 after a coup. Afghanistan was declared a republic. - In 1979, the Soviet Army attacked. After the assassination of Dawood, a communist government was formed. - Mujahideen continued to oppose foreign forces. In 1985, they formed an alliance. - In 1989, the Soviets completely evacuated Afghanistan, but instead of peace, violence broke out. The Mujahideen wanted to overthrow the then government. - The Taliban captured Kabul in 1996. Najibullah was brutally killed after being captured. Pakistan and Saudi Arabia recognized the Talibani government. - After the 9/11 attacks, Afghanistan took swift action against the Taliban. The Taliban refused to hand over Osama bin Laden. - In 2002, NATO took over the security of Afghanistan. Hamid Karzai was elected the first President. - In 2004, the new constitution of Afghanistan was made. Karzai was elected the first president. - In 2009 the US said it would send another 140,000 troops. - In 2011, the US killed Osama bin Laden in Pakistan. - In 2013, Mullah Omar, the founder of the Taliban, died in Karachi. - The reduction in US troops began in 2014. Afghan security forces began to take charge. Militancy started increasing. - By the time of 2020, the hold of the Taliban had become very strong. The US made a peace deal with them on February 29 that they would leave the country within 14 months. - September 9, 2021: The last date before which US troops will leave Afghanistan. Agreement between the US and the Taliban During this time the Taliban had gained control of the capital of a province for the first time since their 2001 defeat, they established control over the strategically important city of Kunduz. Mullah Mansour was killed in a US drone strike in May 2016 and the organization’s command was then handed over to his deputy, Maulvi Hibtollah Akhunzada, who currently holds the leadership of the Taliban. In February 2020, a peace agreement was signed between the US and the Taliban. This agreement was reached after several rounds of talks. After this, the Taliban started targeting certain types of people after attacks on cities and military bases, and with such attacks, they terrorized the people of Afghanistan.
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पूर्व अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति जर्ज डब्ल्यू बुशले अफगानिस्तानबाट नेटो सैनिक फिर्ता गर्ने निर्णय गलत रहेको बताएका छन्। उनले वर्तमान राष्ट्रपति जो बाइडेनले लिएको अफगान नीतिको पनि आलोचना गरेका छन्। अफगानिस्तानबाट अमेरिकी सैनिक फिर्ता बोलाएपछिको परिणाम अविश्वसनीय रुपमा खराब निस्कने उनले दाबी गरेका हुन्। बुशको टिप्पणी यस्तो बेलामा आएको छ, जतिखेर कट्टरपन्थी तालिबान अफगानिस्तानको राजधानी काबुलतर्फ अघि बढ्दैछ। स्थिति यस्तै रहे तालिबानले चाँदै अमेरिका समर्थित अफगानिस्तान सरकार विस्थापन गरिदिने उनले चिन्ता गरेका छन्। विदेशी सैनिक फिर्ता हुने घोषणा भएसँगै यतिखेर अफगानिस्तानमा तालिबान लगातार काबुलतर्फ अघि बढिरहेको छ। देशका कयौं जिल्ला तालिबानले कब्जामा लिइसकेको छ। छिमेकी देशको सीमामा रहेका चौकीहरू पनि तालिबानको कब्जामा छ। अफगान सरकार निरन्तर कमजोर भइरहेको बीबीसीमा उल्लेख छ। जर्ज डब्ल्यू बुशले जर्मनीको एक सञ्चारमाध्यमसँग भनेका छन्, 'अफगानिस्तानबाट आफ्ना सैनिक फिर्ता बोलाएर अमेरिकाले गल्ती गरेको मलाई लाग्छ। सैनिक बोलाएपछि अफगानिस्तानको अवस्था अविश्वसनीय रुपले खराब हुनेवाला छ।' बुश प्रशासनले सन् २००१ मा अफगानिस्तानविरुद्ध सैन्य अभियान शुरु गरेको थियो। सो अभियान मुख्यतः तालिबानको तानाशाहीविरुद्ध केन्द्रित थियो। अहिले अमेरिकी सैनिक अफगानिस्तानबाट फर्कन थालेको छ र त्यहाँ पुनः तालिबान जुर्मुराएको छ। बुशले मिडियासँगको कुराकानीमा अफगानिस्तानमा रहेका दोभाषेहरू र तिनका परिवारको निकै चिन्ता गरेका छन्, जसले २१ वर्षसम्म अमेरिका र नेटो सैनिकलाई प्रत्यक्ष सहयोग गरेका थिए। उनले भनेका छन्, 'यस्तो लाग्छ कि अमेरिकाले यतिखेर उनीहरूलाई त्यहाँ मर्नकै लागि छाडिदिएको छ। अबउप्रान्त उनीहरूलाई निर्दयी र नृशंस मानिसहरूबाट खतरा हुनेछ। उनीहरूबारे सम्झँदा मलाई निकै पीडा भैरहेको छ।' बाइडेन प्रशासनका एक वरिष्ठ अधिकारीले पनि तालिबानमा लगातार बिग्रँदै गरेको सुरक्षास्थितिप्रति चिन्ता व्यक्त गरेका छन्। किनकी, तालिबानले ८५ प्रतिशत भूभाग कब्जामा लिएको दाबी गरेको छ। मिडिया रिपोर्टहरूमा उल्लेख भएअनुसार तालिबानले गत एक साताभित्रै अफगानिस्तानको करिब १० प्रतिशत हिस्सा आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिइसकेको छ। त्यहाँका ४०७ जिल्लामध्ये १९५ जिल्ला अहिले पूर्णतः तालिबानको कब्जामा छ। थप १२९ जिल्ला कब्जा गर्नेतर्फ तालिबान जुर्मुराइरहेको छ। यस्तो स्थिति निम्तिँदा पनि अफगानिस्तानबाट अमेरिकी सैनिक फिर्ता हुने गतिमा कुनै परिवर्तन देखिएको छैन। अमेरिकी प्रशासनका अनुसार सोमबार पनि अमेरिकी सैनिकको एक ठूलो जत्था अफगानिस्तानबाट फर्किएको छ। अमेरिकाले यसअघि नै अगष्ट ३१ सम्ममा अफगानिस्तानबाट आफ्ना सबै सैनिक फिर्ता लैजाने जनाएको थियो। अघिल्लो बिहीबार सेप्टेम्बर ११ को हमलाको स्मरण दिवसका दिन पनि अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति बाइडेनले अफगान सैन्य अभियान पूर्णतः समाप्त गर्ने बताएका थिए। यसअघि एक भाषणमा बाइडेनले तालिबानले पूरै अफगानिस्तान कब्जा गर्ने र सरकार चलाउने सम्भावना निकै कम भएको दाबी गरेका थिए। ७५ हजार तालिबान लडाकुले तीन लाख अफगान सेनालाई हराउन नसक्ने उनले तर्क गरेका थिए। बाइडेनले भनेका थिए, 'अफगानिस्तानको रक्षा गर्ने जिम्मेवारी अफगान प्रशासन र त्यहाँको सुरक्षा बलको हो। सवाल यो हो कि उनीहरूले यस्तो हिम्मत गर्न सक्छन् कि सक्दैनन्। अफगानिस्तानको भविष्य अब के हुन्छ भन्नेबारे अफगानिस्तानका नागरिकले नै राम्ररी निर्णय लिन सक्छन्।' पूर्व राष्ट्रपति बुशले अफगानिस्तान अभियान क्रममा अमेरिकालाई सहयोग गरेका दोभाषेलाई सुरक्षा प्रदान गर्न बाइडेन प्रशासन चुकेको र अब उनीहरूलाई विशेष प्रवेशाज्ञा कार्यक्रम ल्याउनुपर्ने बताएका छन्। बाइडेनले भने अमेरिकालाई सहयोग गरेका दोभाषेमध्ये आधाजतिले मात्रै देश छाड्न चाहेको दाबी गरेका छन्। तर, ती अफगानी नागरिकलाई अस्थायी रुपमा कहाँ स्थानान्तरण गरिने भन्ने टुङगो लागेको छैन। अप्रिलमा अफगानिस्तान अमेरिकी सैन्य अभियान समाप्त गर्ने घोषणा गर्दैगर्दा बाइडेनले यसबारे पूर्व राष्ट्रपतिहरू बाराक ओबामा र जर्ज डब्ल्यू बुशसँग कुराकानी गरेको बताएका थिए। त्यतिखेर पूर्व राष्ट्रपति ओबामाले बाइडेनको निर्णय सही भएको ठहर गरेका थिए। निवर्तमान राष्ट्रपति डोनाल्ड ट्रम्पले पनि अफगानिस्तानबाट अमेरिकी सैनिक फिर्ती गर्न निर्णय एक सकारात्मक कदम भएको दाबी गरेका थिए। तर, बुशले भने यसबारे कुनै आलोचनात्मक टिप्पणी गरेका थिएनन्। जानकारहरूका अनुसार सत्ता छाडेपछि आफ्ना उत्तराधिकारीको कामप्रति टिप्पणी नगर्ने कदमलाई उनले पालना गरेका थिए। केहीअघि उनले अमेरिकी न्यूज च्यानललाई दिएको अन्तर्वार्तामा बुशले तालिबानको पुनःउदयपछि अफगान महिला र किशोरीहरूले सबैभन्दा धेरै दुःख पाउने बताएका थिए। अघिल्लो समाचार पछिल्लो समाचार