https___www.bbc.co.uk_news_world-europe-41237812.xml
https___www.bbc.com_nepali_news-41238717_1.xml
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Turkey signs deal to get Russian S-400 air defence missiles Turkey has signed a controversial deal with Russia to arm its forces with Russian S-400 anti-aircraft missiles. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said a deposit had already been paid. The deal is thought to be worth $2.5bn (£1.9bn). Turkey has the second-largest army in Nato. The alliance reacted sceptically to the decision, saying the system was not compatible with its equipment. Turkey has been establishing closer links with Russia after its recent souring of ties with the US and Europe. Mr Erdogan's government objects to US military support for the YPG Syrian Kurdish rebels, who are linked to rebel Kurds in Turkey. Russia says the S-400 system has a range of 400km (248 miles) and can shoot down up to 80 targets simultaneously, aiming two missiles at each one. Russia deployed the S-400 at its air force base near Latakia in Syria in December 2015, after Turkish jets had shot down a Russian Su-24 warplane on the Syria-Turkey border. That incident caused a diplomatic rift between Russia and Turkey, but President Erdogan later patched up his quarrel with President Vladimir Putin. Tensions within Nato A military adviser to Mr Putin, Vladimir Kozhin, said the S-400 contract with Turkey was "strictly compatible with our strategic interests". "On that score, one can quite understand the reaction of some Western countries who are trying to put pressure on Turkey." Mr Erdogan, quoted by Turkey's Hurriyet daily, voiced displeasure with unnamed Western partners who were "seeking enormous amounts of money" for military drones. He said Turkey had killed 90 YPG "terrorists" in the past week with Turkish drones - developed because the Western ones were too expensive. "We are responsible for taking security measures for the defence of our country," he stressed. The BBC's Mark Lowen in Turkey says the missile deal is clearly a rebuff to Nato, after the US and Germany withdrew Patriot air defence batteries from Turkey. In 2015, Turkey urged its Nato allies to keep those batteries positioned on the Turkish-Syrian border. Speaking to AFP news agency, an unnamed Nato official said: "No Nato ally currently operates the S-400". They added: "Nato has not been informed about the details of any purchase." Germany's Foreign Minister, Sigmar Gabriel, said Berlin would put all arms exports to Turkey on hold due to the deteriorating relationship between the two nations. Mr Gabriel's counterpart in Ankara, Mevlut Cavusoglu, said the comments were inappropriate for a foreign minister. Relations between the two countries have deteriorated since Turkey arrested a Turkish-German journalist in February as part of a crackdown on political opponents in the country. Last month, President Erdogan called Germany's ruling politicians "enemies of Turkey". Turkey is also angry with the US for not extraditing Fethullah Gulen, the Muslim cleric who, according to Mr Erdogan, organised the July 2016 coup plot by rogue Turkish officers. Mr Gulen denied any involvement. Manufacturer: Almaz-Antey arms firm; Deployment: Hmeimim airbase near Latakia - entered service in Russia in 2007; Range: 400km (248 miles); Speed: up to 4.8km (3 miles) per second; Max target height: 30km - can track up to 80 targets simultaneously; Types of target: aircraft, cruise missiles, medium-range missiles, drones, other airborne surveillance systems. (Sources: RIA Novosti, Russian 1TV.ru) How it works - Long-range surveillance radar tracks objects and relays information to command vehicle, which assesses potential targets - Target is identified and command vehicle orders missile launch - Launch data are sent to the best placed launch vehicle and it releases surface-to-air missiles - Engagement radar helps guide missiles towards target Not a good choice for Nato By Jonathan Marcus, BBC defence correspondent Turkey's decision has both practical and political significance. Inevitably it will be seen as a further sign of Ankara's gradual estrangement from its Western allies. Turkey has been in the market for new air defences for some time. Four years ago it flirted with the idea of buying a Chinese system. But after pressure from its Nato allies it backed away from the deal. Choosing a Russian system which will be hard, if not impossible, to integrate into Nato's wider air defence system makes little strategic sense. It was not that long ago - November 2015 - that Turkey actually shot down a Russian warplane that it said had intruded into its airspace from Syria. But since then much has changed. On regional policy Ankara and Moscow are more closely aligned. And Turkey's internal policies are seen as increasingly repressive by many of its allies. In Nato generally the only Russian equipment used is legacy hardware in the forces of former Warsaw Pact countries. Greece also has an earlier Russian air defence system that was first sold to Cyprus.
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टर्कीद्वारा रुसी क्षेप्यास्त्र खरिद गर्ने सम्झौता टर्कीले आफ्नो सैन्य फौजका निम्ति रुसी एस 400 भनिने विमानहरुमा प्रहार गर्न सक्ने क्षेप्यास्त्र किन्ने विवादास्पद सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरेको छ। उक्त सम्झौताका लागि अंकाराले करिब साढे दुई अर्ब डलर रकम जम्मा गराइसकेको टर्कीका राष्ट्रपति रेजेप ताय्यिप एर्दोआनले बताएका छन्। एस- 400 क्षेप्यास्त्र प्रणालीले ४०० किलोमिटर परसम्म उडिरहेका विमानमा निशाना लगाउन सक्ने र एकैसाथ दुई वटा क्षेप्यास्त्र प्रहार गर्दै असी वटा निशानामा एकैपटक हान्न सक्ने रुसले बताएको छ। पश्चिमा देशहरुको सैन्य गठबन्धन उत्तर एटलान्टिक सन्धि संगठन नेटोका सदस्य राष्ट्रमध्ये टर्कीसँग दोस्रो ठूलो सैन्य फौज रहेको छ। विरोध वाशिंगटनले रुस तथा उत्तर एटलान्टिक सन्धी संगठन नेटोको सदस्य राष्ट्र टर्की बीच भएको उक्त सम्झौताको विरोध गरेको छ। नेटोले प्रयोग गरिरहेका प्रतिरक्षा प्रणालीमा उक्त रुसी उपकरण नमिल्ने पनि उसले बताएको छ। इस्तानबुलस्थित बीबीसीका संवाददाता भन्छन् टर्कीको यो निर्णय राष्ट्रपति एर्दोआनले लिएको एउटा राजनीतिक कदमका रुपमा हेरिएको छ र टर्कीबाट अमेरिका र जर्मनीले हालै आफ्ना क्षेप्यास्त्र प्रतिरोधी प्रणाली फिर्ता गरेपछि टर्कीले नेटोप्रति जनाएको यो विरोध हो। 'रुसतर्फ ढल्कँदै' हालैका दिनमा अमेरिकासँग सम्बन्ध बिग्रिएपछि टर्कीले रुससँग नजिकको सम्बन्ध स्थापना गरिरहेको देखिन्छ। टर्कीका कुर्द विद्रोहीहरुसंग सम्बन्ध रहेको ठानिएका वाइपीजी नामक सिरियन कुर्द विद्रोहीहरुलाई अमेरिकाले दिइरहेको सैन्य समर्थनको टर्कीले विरोध गर्दै आएको छ। यसैबीच रुसी राष्ट्रपति भ्लादिमिर पुटिनका एक सैन्य सल्लाहकारले टर्कीसँगको उसको क्षेप्यास्त्रसम्बन्धी सम्झौता 'पूर्ण रुपमा हाम्रो रणनीतिक हितमा उपयुक्त भएको' र 'यस्तो अवस्थामा टर्कीमाथि दबाब दिन सक्ने केही पश्चिमा राष्ट्रहरुबाट आउने प्रतिक्रियालाई बुझ्न सकिने' उल्लेख गरेका छन्। विगतमा सिरिया र टर्कीको सिमानामा एउटा रुसी Su-24 लडाकू विमानलाई टर्कीका विमानहरुले गोली हानी खसालेपछि रुसले सन् २०१५ को डिसेम्बरमा सिरियाको लटाकिया नजिक रहेको आफ्नो सैन्य हवाई अखडामा एस- 400 क्षेप्यास्त्र प्रणाली जडान गरेको थियो। उक्त घटनापश्चात् रुस र टर्कीबीच कुटनीतिक विवाद उत्पन्न भएको थियो तर पछि टर्कीका राष्ट्रपति एर्दोआनले रुसी राष्ट्रपतिसँग उक्त झगडा सल्टाएका थिए।