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Nobel Prize Winners List: Daily Current Affairs plays an important role in every competitive exams like Banking, SSC, Railways, UPSC, State PSC, Technical Exams AAI, DRDO, FSSAI, NTPC, BHEL, ONGC, etc. A student can score full marks in current affairs if he/she is well versed with latest current affairs 2021. Here in this article we are sharing Nobel Prize Winners List 2021 PDF. Nobel Prize is the most prestigious award in its category. It was first awarded in 1901. The Nobel Prize is given in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economics. The Nobel Prize is given in the memory of Alfred Nobel. Who is Alfred Nobel? Alfred Nobel was born on 21 October 1833 in Stockholm, Sweden. He was a chemist, engineer, and inventor. First Nobel Prize Laureate - The first Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen in 1969. - The first Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Wilhelm Rontgen’s discovery of X-rays and Philipp Lenard’s work on cathode rays. - The first Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to German Microbiologist Emil von Behring. - The first Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Jacobus H. van ‘t Hoff. - The first Nobel Prize in Peace was awarded jointly to Jean Henri Dunant (Founder of the International Red Cross Movement) and pacifist Frederic Passy (Founder of the Peace League). - The first Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Sully Prudhomme. List of Indians Nobel Prize Laureate - Rabindra Nath Tagore (1913): Nobel Prize in Literature - Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (1930): Nobel Prize in Physics - Har Gobind Khorana (1968): Nobel Prize in Medicine - Mother Teresa (1979): Nobel Peace Prize - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1983): Nobel Prize in Physics - Amartya Sen (1998): Nobel Prize in Economics - Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul (2001): Nobel Prize in Literature - Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (2009): Nobel Prize in Chemistry - Kailash Satyarthi (2014): Nobel Peace Prize - Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee (2019): Nobel Prize in Economics First Female Nobel Prize Laureate - Physics: Marie Curie (France-1903) - Chemistry: Marie Curie (France-1911) - Medicine: Gerty Theresa Cori (America- 1947) - Literature: Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlof (Sweden-1909) - Peace: Bertha von Suttner (Austria-Bohemia- 1905) - Economics: Esther Duflo (American-French-2019) Youngest Nobel Laureate - Malala Yousafzai (Nobel Peace Prize- 2014)- Age 17 Oldest Nobel Laureate - John B. Goodenough (Nobel Prize in Chemistry- 2019)- Age 97 Who Accords the Nobel Prize? - The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences accords Nobel Prize in Physics, Chemistry, and Literature. - The Norwegian Nobel Committee accords the Nobel Peace Prize. - The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute accords the Nobel Prize in Medicine. - The Sveriges Riksbank accords the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. Nobel Prize History - Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel had drafted a will in 1895 where he reserved a large part of his estate to establish the Nobel Prizes after concerns of how the world would remember him. - He wanted the awards to be given to individuals (based on their achievements), annually, despite their nationality. He died in 1896. - It took nearly five years for the committee to set up. - The first set of awards for Physiology or Medicine, Chemistry, Literature, Physics and Peace were awarded in 1901. - After 67 years, Sweden’s central bank with a donation from the Nobel Foundation established the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel in 1968. Nobel Prize 2021 Physiology or Medicine 2021: – The Nobel Prize 2021 in Physiology or Medicine is awarded jointly to David Julius, and Ardem Patapoutian for “for receptors for temperature and touch discoveries.” Physics 2021: – The Nobel Prize 2020 in Physics is divided into one half and another half. The Nobel Prize 2020 in Physics is 1/2 awarded to Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann “for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming”, and 1/4 awarded to Giorgio Parisi “for the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales discoveries.” Chemistry 2021: –The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021 has been awarded jointly to Benjamin List and David W.C. MacMillan “for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis.” Literature 2021: –The Nobel Prize in Literature 2021 was awarded to Abdulrazak Gurnah “for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents.” Nobel Peace Prize 2021: The Nobel Peace Prize 2021 was awarded jointly to Maria Ressa and Dmitry Andreyevich Muratov “for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace.” Economic Sciences 2021: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2021 was divided, one half awarded to David Card “for his empirical contributions to labour economics”, the other half jointly to Joshua D. Angrist and Guido W. Imbens “for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships.” Nobel Prize 2020 Physiology or Medicine 2020: – The Nobel Prize 2020 in Physiology or Medicine is awarded jointly to Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton, and Charles M. Rice for “Hepatitis C virus discovery.” Physics 2020: – The Nobel Prize 2020 in Physics is divided into one half and another half. The Nobel Prize 2020 in Physics is 1/2 awarded to Roger Penrose “for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity”, 1/4 awarded to Reinhard Genzel “for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy”, and 1/4 awarded to Andrea Ghez “for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at our galaxy’s centre.” Chemistry 2020: – The Nobel Prize 2020 in Chemistry was awarded jointly to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna “for the method for genome editing development.” Literature 2020: –The Nobel Prize 2020 in Literature is awarded to American poet Louise Gluck “for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal”. Nobel Peace Prize Peace 2020: –The Nobel Prize 2020 in Peace is awarded to World Food Programme (WFP) for its efforts to combat hunger. Economic Sciences 2020: – The Nobel Prize 2020 in Economic Sciences was awarded jointly to Paul R. Milgrom and Robert B. Wilson “for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats.” Nobel Prize 2019 Physics 2019: – The 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics are awarded James Peebles for contributions to our understanding of the evolution of the universe and Earth’s place in the cosmos, Michel Mayor for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology, Didier Queloz for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star. Chemistry 2019: – The 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry are awarded to John Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino “for the development of lithium-ion batteries”. Through their work, they have created the right conditions for a wireless and fossil fuel-free society, and so brought the greatest benefit to humankind. Physiology or Medicine 2019: – The 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded jointly to William G. Kaelin Jr, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza “for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability.” They identified molecular machinery that regulates the activity of genes in response to varying levels of oxygen. Literature 2019: –The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2019 is awarded to the Austrian author Peter Handke “for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience.” Literature 2018: – The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2018 is awarded to the Polish author Olga Tokarczuk “for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life.” Peace 2019: –Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Ali is awarded the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize for his important work to promote reconciliation, solidarity and social justice. 2019 Peace Prize Laureate Abiy Ahmed Ali is Prime Minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia since April 2018. He was born in Beshasha, Ethiopia. Abiy Ahmed Ali is the first Ethiopian to be awarded a Nobel Prize. This year’s prize is also the 100th Nobel Peace Prize. Economics 2019: –The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2019 to Abhijit Banerjee, his wife Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer “for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty.”
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काठमाडौं, २० असोज : भौतिकशास्त्रतर्फको नोबेल पुरस्कार तीन वैज्ञानिकलाई प्रदान गरिने भएको छ । सन् २०२० को भौतिक शास्त्रतर्फको नोबेल पुरस्कार ‘ब्ल्याक होल’ र आकाशगंगा तारापुञ्जको रहस्य पत्ता लगाउने ३ वैज्ञानिकलाई प्रदान गरिने भएको हो । मंगलबार स्टकहोममा भएको एक कार्यक्रमकाबीच स्विडिस एकेडेमीले यस वर्षको भौतिकशास्त्रतर्फको नोबल पुरस्कारहरु भौतिकशास्त्रीहरु रोजर पेनरोज तथा राइनहार्ड गेन्जेल र एन्ड्रिया गेजलाई प्रदान गरिने घोषणा गरेको हो । पुरस्कारको आधा हिस्सा पेनरोजले पाउनेछन् भने आधा हिस्सा गेन्जेल र गेजले पाउनेछन् । नोबेल कमिटीका अनुसार पेनरोजलाई ‘ब्ल्याक होल’को बनोट सापेक्षताको सामान्य सिद्धान्तको एक बलियो पूर्वानुमान हो भन्ने कुरा पत्ता लगाए बापत नोबेल पुरस्कार प्रदान गरिएको हो । त्यस्तै, गेन्जेल र गेजलाई तारापुञ्ज(ग्यालेक्सी) को केन्द्रमा एउटा ‘सुपर म्यासिभ कम्प्याक्ट अब्जेक्ट’ छ भन्ने कुरा पत्ता लगाएबापत भौतिकशास्त्रतर्फको नोबेल पुरस्कार दिइएको हो । पेनरोज बेलायती वैज्ञानिक हुन् भने उनी अक्सफोर्ड विश्वविद्यालयका प्राध्यापक हुन् । त्यस्तै जर्मन नागरिक गेन्जेल म्याक्स प्ल्यांक इन्स्टिच्युट फर एक्स्ट्राटेरेस्टियल फिजिक्सका निर्देशक हुन् भने बर्कली विश्वविद्यालयका प्राध्यापक हुन् । त्यसै गरी अमेरिकी नागरिक गेज क्यालिफोर्निया विश्वविद्यालयकी प्राध्यापक हुन् । विजेताले गोल्ड मेडल र एक करोड स्विडिस क्रोनर प्राप्त गर्नेछन् । सन् २०१९ मा तीन जनालाई भौतिक शास्त्रतर्फको नोबेल पुरस्कार संयुक्त रुपमा प्रदान गरिएको थियो । जेम्बर पिबल्सलाई ब्रह्माण्ड विज्ञानमाथि नयाँ सिद्धान्त पत्ता लगाएको र मिसेल मेयर र डिडियर क्वेलोजलाई सौर्यमण्डलमा एक नयाँ ग्रह पत्ता लगाएको भन्दै नोबेल पुरस्कार दिइएको थियो । मिसेल र डिडियरले ५१–पेगासी बी ग्रह पत्ता लगाएका थिए । सोमबार चिकित्सा विज्ञानतर्फको नोबेल पुरस्कार हेपाटाइटिस सी भाइरस पत्ता लगाउने तीन वैज्ञानिक हार्भी जे अल्टर, चार्ल्स एम राइस र माइकल हाउटनलाई प्रदान गरिने घोषणा गरिएको थियो ।