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On June 24, 2016 the UN Human Rights Committee convened in Geneva, Switzerland. The purpose of the meeting that day was to review Ghana’s report on the status of implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The meeting followed concerns raised by the Human Rights Committee on specific human rights issues in Ghana including the non-passage of the Right to Information (RTI) bill and issues related to safety of journalists. Present at the meeting to respond to the issues raised by the Human Rights Committee was a government delegation led by Deputy Attorney General and the Minister of Justice, Dr. Dominic Ayine. Also in the delegation was Chairman of Parliament’s Legal, Constitutional and Parliamentary Affairs Committee, Magnus Kofi Amoatey. Representatives of NGOs including the Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA) were also present at the meeting. One of the major highlights during the review meeting was the non-passage of Ghana’s RTI bill. But Dr Ayine gave the impression that the Bill would be passed within a matter of one month, something that has turned out to be an issue of false hope. In his response to the Committee’s query on the non-passage of the bill, the Deputy Attorney General said Ghana was going to pass the RTI Bill by July 22, 2016. In fact he was more emphatic by saying that H.E. President, John Dramani Mahama, had asked him personally “to be in Parliament every day to ensure the Bill is passed.” July 22 came to pass and the Bill was not passed. As at August 5, when Parliament went on recess, the Bill had still not been passed despite vigorous campaigning by a coalition of civil society organisations including the MFWA. This development has led many to ask whether Dr. Ayine was being insincere to the Committee, or it was a deliberate act to avoid the embarrassment that Ghana would have been subjected to before the Committee. The RTI bill has been described by many as the oldest Bill in Parliament. It was first drafted in 2002 by the Attorney General’s Department and more than 13 years later, it still has not been passed into law. In an oral presentation on behalf of a CSO coalition at the formal NGO briefing, which preceded appearance of countries before the Committee, the MFWA highlighted the relevance of RTI laws in promoting inclusive, transparent and participatory governance. In its presentation, the MFWA also underscored the importance of access to information for the implementation and achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. As part of its concluding observations after the session, the Human Rights Committee said it was “concerned about delays in the adoption of the Right to Information Bill” and said Ghana “should expedite the adoption of the Right to Information Bill and ensure that its provisions are in conformity with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.” The MFWA urges Ghana to accept the recommendations of the Human Rights Committee by passing the RTI bill into Law.
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नेपाल वि.सं. २०४७ मा संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघको नागरिक तथा राजनीतिक अधिकार सम्बन्धी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रतिज्ञापत्रको पक्ष राष्ट्र बन्यो। सो हस्ताक्षर गरेपश्चात नेपालले मानव अधिकारको सम्मान, संरक्षण गरी कुनै हक अधिकार उल्लङ्गन भएमा दायित्व बहन गर्ने र उपचार प्रदान गर्ने स्विकार गरेको छ। नागरिक तथा राजनीतिक अधिकार सम्बन्धी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रतिज्ञापत्रले अपराध भनेर तोकेको मुद्दामा नेपालले उप्युक्त फैसला गर्न नसकेको खण्डमा कुनै पनि व्यक्ति त्यस्ता मुद्दाहरु प्रत्यक्ष रुपमा संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ मानव अधिकार समिती (एचआरसी)मा दायर गर्ने व्यवस्था छ। मानव अधिकार समिती विज्ञहरुको एक स्वतन्त्र समुह हो जसले नागरिक तथा राजनीतिक अधिकार सम्बन्धी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रतिज्ञापत्रको कार्यन्वयन आनुगमन भए नभएको नियमन गर्दछ र समितिले राज्यको तर्फबाट उल्लङ्घन भए नभएको हेरी राज्यको कानून बनाउने र संशोधन गर्नुमा के-कस्ता भूमिका हुन सक्छ त्यसलाई समेत निर्धारण गर्ने कार्य गर्दछ । मानव अधिकार समिती र त्यसका कार्यविधि बारे थप जानकारी थाहा पाउनुहोस् हालसम्म मानव अधिकार समितीले २७ वटा निर्णयहरु (जसलाई “Views” पनि भनिन्छ ) जारी गरेका छन् जुन गम्भीर अधिकार उल्लङ्घनसंग जोडेका मुद्दाहरु हुन्। हरेक निर्णयमा नेपालले नागरिक तथा राजनीतिक अधिकार सम्बन्धी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रतिज्ञापत्रको चरम उल्लङ्घन गरेको पाइएको छ। मुद्दाको डेटाबेस तर्फ जानुहोस् हरेक मुद्दामा मानव अधिकार समितिले, अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय कानुन अन्तर्गत हरेक मुद्दामा पिडित र उसको परिवारलाई ढ्ङ्गबाट पिडित र उनको परिवारहरूलाई प्रभावकारी उपचार प्रदान गरी, मुद्दाको तथ्यमा अनुसन्धान गरी, दोषीमाथि कारवाही गरी, पिडितलाई क्षतिपुर्ति र स्मारक, आममाफी जस्ता सन्तुष्टिका उपायहरूसहितको परिपूरण उपलब्ध गराउने मानव अधिकार समितीले नेपाललाई अवगत गराउंदै आएको छ। कुनै मुद्दामा मानव अधिकार समितीले कानुनमा विशेष प्रावधान ल्याउन वा संशोधन गर्न सिफारिस पनि गरेको छ। यद्यपि केहि मुद्दामा “अन्तरिम राहत” निति अन्तर्गत पिडितलाई थोरै आर्थिक क्षतिपुर्तिको व्यवस्था भएतापनि, कार्यन्वयनका लागि केहि गरिएको छैन । कार्यान्वयनको अवस्था सम्बन्धि थप जानकारी थाहा पाउनुहोस् निर्णय गरेबमोजिमको उपयुक्त उपाय र भरपाई कुनै ढिलाइ नगरी उपलब्ध गराउन साथै मानव अधिकार समितीका निर्णयहरू कार्यान्वयन गर्न, रियल राईट्स नाउको लागी सहकार्य गरिरहेका गैर सरकरी संस्थाहरु नेपालले सरकारलाई आहवान गर्दछ।