https___www.bbc.com_news_world-middle-east-34709167.xml
https___www.bbc.com_nepali_news_2015_10_151030_syria_talks_1.xml
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Russia and US planes 'test safety protocols' in Syria One Russian and one American plane have carried out a "planned communications test" in the skies over Syria, US officials say. The Pentagon said the test lasted around three minutes and was designed to "validate the safety protocols" agreed last month. Last month both countries' planes entered the same "battle space" and came within miles of each other. After this a deal was signed to avoid clashes between the two air forces. The test was conducted in "south central Syria" and "assured that the first time this mode of communication was used would not be during an unplanned encounter," a Pentagon statement said. A senior Russian military official said the test was designed to "to train crews and ground services for incidents of dangerous proximity of aircraft". In September, Russia started carrying out air strikes against rebels in Syria, after Damascus suffered a string of defeats at the hands of both rebel forces and the Islamic State (IS) group. Should there be a Syria no-fly zone? Earlier on Tuesday the Russian foreign ministry said it was not crucial for Syria's President Bashar al-Assad to stay in power, saying it was up to the Syrian people to decide. However, a spokeswoman for the ministry said that this did not represent a change of position. When asked if saving the Syrian leader was a matter of principle for Russia, spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said: "Absolutely not, we never said that." Russia is supporting the Syrian government with air strikes on rebels. Russia is seen as one of Mr Assad's strongest backers. His future is seen as a key sticking point between those backing rival sides in the conflict. The US has said Mr Assad can have no part in Syria's political future. Earlier on Tuesday, Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Mikhail Bogdanov said that Moscow was aiming to host a round of talks between Syrian government officials and members of the country's opposition in Moscow next week. Last week world powers - including key Assad ally Iran for the first time - met in Vienna and agreed to renew efforts to end the conflict. The ministers agreed to ask the United Nations to start a process that could lead to a ceasefire and new elections. New talks are due in two weeks. Why is there a war in Syria? Anti-government protests developed into a civil war that, four years on, has ground to a stalemate, with the Assad government, Islamic State, an array of Syrian rebels and Kurdish fighters all holding territory. Who is fighting whom? Government forces concentrated in Damascus and the centre and west of Syria are fighting the jihadists of Islamic State and al-Nusra Front, as well as less numerous so-called "moderate" rebel groups, who are strongest in the north and east. These groups are also battling each other. What's the human cost? More than 250,000 Syrians have been killed and a million injured. Some 11 million others have been forced from their homes, of whom four million have fled abroad - including growing numbers who are making the dangerous journey to Europe. How has the world reacted? Iran, Russia and Lebanon's Hezbollah movement are propping up the Alawite-led Assad government, while Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Qatar back the more moderate Sunni-dominated opposition, along with the US, UK and France. Hezbollah and Iran are believed to have troops and officers on the ground, while a Western-led coalition and Russia are carrying out air strikes.
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सिरिया संकटबारे वार्ता सिरियाली द्वन्द्वमा विभिन्न पक्षलाई सघाइरहेका सबै मुलुकहरुले द्वन्द्व समाधान गर्ने उद्देश्यले वार्ता शुरु गरेका छन्। भियनामा शुरु भएको वार्तामा संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका, रुस, सउदी अरेबिया र टर्कीले भाग लिइरहेका छन्। पहिलो पटक इरानले पनि यो प्रकृयामा भाग लिइरहेको छ। तर सिरिया सरकार वा विपक्षीहरुलाई वार्तामा बोलाइएको छैन। भविष्य छलफल मुख्यतया सिरियाका राष्ट्रपति बसर अल असदको भविष्यका बारेमा केन्द्रित हुने बताइएको छ। रुस र इरानले उनलाई समर्थन गरिरहेका छन् तर पश्चिमा मुलुकहरु र तिनीहरुका अरब सहयोगीहरुले शान्तितर्फको संक्रमणका क्रममा असदले सरकार छाडनै पर्ने बताइरहेका छन्। फ्रान्सेली विदेश मन्त्री लराँ फेबियसले भने, “इस्लामिक स्टेट र जभात अल नुस्र आतंककारी संगठनहरु विरुद्धको लडाईंलाई अरु प्रभावकारी बनाइनुपर्छ। त्यसपछि राजनीतिक संक्रमण पनि व्यवस्थित गरिनुपर्छ।“ रुस र इरानले हालै सिरियाली द्वन्द्वमा उनीहरुको सैन्य संलग्नता बढाएका छन्। रुसले गएको महिनाको अन्त्य देखि राष्ट्रपति असदको समर्थनमा सिरियाली भूभागमा हवाइ हमला शुरु गरेको छ। निशाना ती हमला इस्लामिक स्टेट संगठन विरुद्ध केन्द्रित रहेको बताइएता पनि पश्चिमा समर्थन प्राप्त विद्रोहीहरुले उनीहरुलाई पनि निशाना बनाइएको जनाएका छन्। चार वर्ष अघि असद सरकारको विरोधबाट शुरु भएको द्वन्द्व भयावह गृहयुद्धमा परिणत भएको छ। सिरियाका विभिन्न भागमा अहिले असद सरकार, इस्लामिक स्टेट, विभिन्न सिरियाली विद्रोही संगठनहरु तथा कुर्द लडाकुहरुको नियन्त्रण कायम छ। चार वर्ष पुरानो द्वन्द्वमा झण्डै अढाइलाख सिरियालीहरुको ज्यान गैसकेको छ भने दशलाख जति घाइते भएका छन्। सिरियाको कूल जनसंख्याको झण्डै आधि, एक करोड दश लाख मानिसहरु तिनका घरबाट विस्थापित भएका छन्। तीमध्ये चालिस लाख जति छिमेकी मुलुकहरु तथा युरोपमा शरणार्थीको रुपमा जीवन बिताइरहेका छन्। भियनामा भैरहेका वार्तामा युद्धविराम तथा द्वन्द्वरत पक्षलाई संभाव्य आममाफी जस्ता विषयहरु रहेको बीबीसीले थाहा पाएको छ। तर एकजना पश्चिमा कूटनीतिज्ञले भने, शुक्रबार शुरु भएको वार्ताबाट खासै आशावादी हुने ठाउँ देखिंदैन। उनले भने, यो शान्ति प्रकृयातर्फको पहिलो पाइला पनि होइन।