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Contents - 1 What claim do the Philippines have over the South China Sea? - 2 What’s behind the South China Sea dispute? - 3 Does Taiwan claim South China Sea? - 4 Which countries are involved in South China Sea dispute? - 5 Do the Philippines have rights to own the Spratly Islands? - 6 What made the Philippines win the case against China? - 7 Who really owns the South China Sea? - 8 What is 9 dash line of China? - 9 What country has many territorial disputes with China? - 10 What is the one China rule? - 11 Does South China Sea belong to China? - 12 Is South China Sea and West Philippine Sea the same? - 13 Why is the South China Sea valuable? What claim do the Philippines have over the South China Sea? The Philippine claims to sovereignty over the features known as Scarborough Shoal and the KIG are independent of its archipelagic status both legally and historically. Because Scarborough Shoal is a feature which exists above high tide, it is capable of [sovereign] appropriation under international law. What’s behind the South China Sea dispute? Claimant states are interested in retaining or acquiring the rights to fishing stocks, the exploration and potential exploitation of crude oil and natural gas in the seabed of various parts of the South China Sea, and the strategic control of important shipping lanes. Does Taiwan claim South China Sea? South China Sea Issue The South China Sea Islands are part of the territory of the Republic of China. That the ROC is entitled to all rights over the South China Sea Islands and their relevant waters in accordance with international law and the law of the sea is beyond dispute. Which countries are involved in South China Sea dispute? China lays claim to nearly all of the South China Sea, including the Paracel Islands. However, Taiwan, Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia and Vietnam also claim parts of the region, believed to hold valuable oil and gas deposits. Do the Philippines have rights to own the Spratly Islands? The PRC gained control of some of the Spratly reefs. The People’s Republic of China, Malaysia, and the Philippines sign the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). History as a legal basis is now not accepted. This means that the Philippines continues to lay claim over the disputed islands. What made the Philippines win the case against China? The tribunal’s ruling is certainly a legal victory for the Philippines over China as the judges agreed unanimously on almost all the questions submitted by the Philippines, including a declaration from the tribunal that China is obliged to comply with UNCLOS and that the award is legally binding on China. Who really owns the South China Sea? Since the two-day clash of arms between China and the former Republic of Vietnam (South) in January 1974, the Paracels have been firmly in Chinese control, while the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam are each holding a part of the Spratlies. What is 9 dash line of China? The nine-dash line represents the maximum extent of Chinese historical claims within the South China Sea. China’s claim is not that the entire space within the nine-dash line is there territory to control, but that the islands within it, the Paracel, Spratly, Zhongsha, and Pratas, all belong to them. What country has many territorial disputes with China? China has disputes with Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Singapore, Brunei, Nepal, Bhutan, Laos, Mongolia, Myanmar and Tibet. What is the one China rule? The “One-China policy” is a policy asserting that there is only one sovereign state under the name China, as opposed to the idea that there are two states, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC), whose official names incorporate “China”. Does South China Sea belong to China? China says it has sovereignty over virtually all South China Sea islands and their adjacent waters. It hasn’t defined those waters, but it issued a map that has what is called a nine-dash line that swoops down past Vietnam and the Philippines, and toward Indonesia, encompassing virtually all of the South China Sea. Is South China Sea and West Philippine Sea the same? The West Philippine Sea is the part of the South China Sea that belongs to the Philippines but China is claiming it as its own. Why is the South China Sea valuable? South China Sea accounts for at least a third of the global maritime trade. While huge oil and natural gas reserves are said to lie beneath its seabed, it is also a fishing ground crucial for food security.
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एजेन्सी– पछिल्ला वर्ष साउथ चाइना सीको विषयलाई लिएर विश्वभर गम्भीर बहसहरु भैरहेको छन् । साउथ चाइना सीको विषयले पूर्वी एसियाली मुलुकहरुबीच दशकौ देखि बहस उठान हुँदै आइरहेको छ । साउथ चाइना सी वास्तवमा एउटा सानो समुद्रबीचमा रहेको टापू हो । यो टापूलाई चीनले आफ्नो सार्वभौम भूमी मान्दै आइरहेको छ । यो महत्वपूर्ण व्यापारिक बन्दगाह पनि हो । यसकारण पनि त्यस वरिपरि रहेका अन्य मुलुकहरु समेत पनि यसलाई आफ्नो नियन्त्रित क्षेत्र भन्न रुचाउँछन् । त्यसैले यो टापूको विषयमा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय अदालतमा मुद्धा समेत परेको थियो । यद्यपि, अदालतले भने चीनको दाबी विपरित फैसला गरेपछि अहिले यो विषय थप विवादस्पद बन्दै गइरहेको छ । यो टापूको विषयमा चीन, ताइवान, फिलिपिन्स, मलेसिया, इण्डोनेसिया र भियतनामले आ–आफ्नो स्वार्थ अनूरुप दाबी गरिरहेका छन् । सन् १९४७ मा चीनले वैधानिक ढंगले यो क्षेत्रलाई आफ्ना सीमा क्षेत्र भनेर घोषणा गरेको थियो । त्यसयता यो क्षेत्र विवादित बन्न पुगेको छ र अहिले अमेरिका समेत यो मुद्धालाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मुद्धा बनाएर अघि बढिरहेको छ, जसका कारण अमेरिका र चीनबीच ठूलो टक्कर देखिएको छ । कहाँनेर पर्छ साउथ चाइना सी ? यो क्षेत्र दक्षिण–पूर्वी एसियाको प्रशान्त महासागरको पश्चिम किनारमा अवस्थित रहेको छ । यो करिब १।४ मिलियन स्क्वायरमा फैलिएको बताइन्छ । यो टापू केही माटो र केही चट्टान मिसिएर निर्माण भएको सानो टापू हो । जुन टापूको विषयमा अहिले विश्वभर बहस भैरहेको छ । विश्वयुद्धनै निम्त्याउन सक्ने खतरा साउथ चाइना सीको विषयमा विश्वका जुनसुकै मुलुकसँग पनि सम्झौता हुन नसक्ने चीनको दाबी छ । उसले यो क्षेत्रलाई आफ्नो मुलुकको सार्वभौमिकताको विषयसँग जोडेको देखिन्छ । चीनले आफ्नो आदिम सभ्यतासमेत यो टापूसँग जोडिएकोले कसैले यसलाई दाबी नगर्न विश्वभर आव्हान समेत गर्दै आइरहेको छ तर हेगस्थित अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय अदालतमा परेको मुद्धामा उसको हार भएको छ । अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय अदालतको मुद्धालाई समेत चीनले अस्वीकार गर्दै साउथ चाइना सीमा आफ्नो सैनिक गतिविधिलाई तिव्र पारिरहेको देखिन्छ । पछिल्लो दिन मात्र चीन र रुसले यो क्षेत्रमा संयुक्त सैन्य अभ्यास गरेका खबरहरु बाहिर आइरहेका छन् । अन्य मुलुकहरुका सैन्य गतिविधिहरु पनि यही क्षेत्रमा केन्द्रीत रहेर हुन सुरु भएका छन् । त्यस्तै, भियतनाम लगायतका मुलुकहरुले पनि यो क्षेत्रलाई आफ्नो प्राचीन इतिहाससँग जोडेर बहस गरिरहेका छन् । अमेरिकाले चीनको यो गतिविधिप्रति तीव्र असन्तुष्टि जनाइरहेको छ । उसले हेगले गरेको निर्णय कार्यान्वयण हुनुपर्ने आवाज समेत उठाउनुले यो टापूको सवालमा विश्वनै दुई धु्रर्वमा विभाजित भइरहेको संकेत गरेको छ । अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति बाराक ओबामाले केहीदिन अघि लाओस भएको एसियन राष्ट्रहरुको शिखर सम्मेलनमा समेत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय अदालतले गरेको फैसला चीनले मान्नुपर्ने दाबी गरेका थिए । अमेरिकाको यो दाबी प्रति चीनले तिब्र असन्तुष्टि जनाउँदै आएको छ । चीनले रुस, पाकिस्तान लगायतका राष्ट्रहरुको समर्थन पाएको छ भने अमेरिकाले चीनकै आफ्नो छिमेकी भारत लगायतका हेग फैसलाले मान्यता दिएका भियतनाम लगायतका मुलुकहरुलाई आफ्नो समुहलाई मिलाएको देखिन्छ । यसबाट साच्चै साउथ चाइना सीको विषयमा विश्वयुद्धकै स्तरमा टक्कर हुने छाँटकाँट देखिएको जानकारहरु बताउँछन् । साउथ चाइना सी महत्वपूर्ण व्यापारिक मार्ग साउथ चाइना सी विश्वको महत्वपूर्ण व्यापारिक मार्ग मध्ये एक हो । यो व्यापारिक मार्गबाट वार्षिक कमसेकम ५ ट्रिलियन डलर बराबरको व्यापार हुने सञ्चारमाध्यामहरुले जनाएका छन् । यो क्षेत्रमा संसारकै आँखा पर्नुको मुख्य अर्को कारण हो, तेल र ग्याँस खानीको भण्डार हो साउथ चाइना सी वरिपरिको टापू । तथ्यांकहरुका अनुसार यो टापूमा १ सय ९० ट्रिलियन क्युबिक फिट प्राकृति ग्यास भण्डारण भएको अनुमान गरिएको छ । यो टापूमा चीन, भियतनाम, फिलिपिन्स, ताइवान र मलेसियाले कार्गो लगायतका हवाई अड्डाहरु निर्माण गरेका छन् । सन् २०१४ मा चीनले मात्र साउथ चाइना सी वरिपरि ७ वटा कृतिम टापुहरु निर्माण गरेको छ । जसको आडमा उसले आफ्नो शक्ति सञ्चय समेत गरिरहेको बताइन्छ ।