https___samitivejhospitals.com_article_detail_Dengue-Fever.xml
https___samatadainik.com_2021_08_87953__1.xml
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 3.1 4.1 5.1 5.2 6.1 7.1 7.2 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 9.1 10.1 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 12.1 13.1 14.1 15.1 16.1 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 18.1 19.1 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 21.1 22.1 23.1 23.2 23.3 24.1 24.2 25.1 26.1 26.2 26.3 27.1 28.1
Dengue fever is caused by contracting the dengue virus, which is passed on to humans via mosquitoes and is therefore capable of rapid spread. Up to half of the world’s population are considered at risk of dengue fever, with 390 million people contracting the disease each year. Of those infections, 96 million people experience symptoms and 500,000 of those require a hospital stay due to the severity of their illness. Of that group, 2.5% lose their lives to the disease—1.5 deaths per hour can be attributed to dengue fever. In Thailand alone, 2019 saw 128,421 symptomatic cases of dengue fever, including 133 deaths. The main factor behind dengue fever outbreaks, which extend and accelerate the spread of the virus, is the increase in populations, especially with regard to urbanization. With the increase in places capable of housing standing water among urban communities, in addition to improved travel links domestically and internationally, it is impossible for humans to escape mosquitoes and therefore the scourge of dengue fever despite being healthier than ever before and living in cleaner environments than at any time throughout history. Additionally, the Covid-19 pandemic has led to us spending more time at home, which is yet another factor at play in dengue outbreaks and increased infection rates. There are two types of Aedes mosquito capable of carrying the dengue virus: Aedes aegypti are generally found in and around the home, laying their eggs in still, standing water. This type of mosquito is the most common carrier of disease in urban areas and plays a major role in disease outbreaks. Aedes albopictus are more prevalent in rural areas as they lay their eggs in trees, on leaves and in tree stumps that contain pools of water. Both types of Aedes mosquito lay their eggs in clean, standing pools of water; they are not generally found in and around wastewater pipes. These mosquitoes bite people during the day, with the following two periods being peak feeding times: 09:00–11:00 and 13:00–15:00. Most people mistakenly believe that dengue fever has just one strain. However, the truth is that there are 4 distinct strains of this dangerous virus. Once a person has been infected with one strain, their body will build up an immunity to only that strain of the virus. This means that a person can become infected with dengue fever another 3 times in their life. Moreover, each dengue fever reinfection is much more dangerous than the previous infection. Data from the Department of Disease Control for the years 2015–2019 showed the most affected age group for dengue fever infections was 15–44 years, followed by infants aged between 10–14 years. Studies have found that more than 80% of the population over the age of 9 years have been infected with dengue fever at some point, and that the rate of infection increases with age. Annually, more than 500,000 people worldwide require hospital admission for a serious dengue fever infection, and 12,500 of those die because of the virus. Children and adults alike who have previously been infected with the dengue virus are at an increased risk of developing a severe dengue illness should they become reinfected. However, those without a previous infection should not misconstrue this to mean that their first infection will be harmless—initial infections are potentially dangerous, too. Furthermore, considering up to 75% of initial dengue fever infections are asymptomatic, it can quite easily be the case that a person’s first symptomatic infection is not actually their body’s first experience with the virus. A person suffering from a dengue fever infection will notice the following key symptoms: An acute and lasting high fever that maintains Headaches, nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite Redness in the face, with possible appearance of blood spots on the skin and pain in the right-hand side of the ribcage There is usually a cough but not a runny nose, which is what distinguishes dengue from a common cold, although it is possible to suffer from both conditions at the same time Those suspecting a dengue infection are advised to seek medical attention immediately. If it is the dengue virus, the fever will normally go away after three or four days of infection. When symptoms include lethargy and loss of appetite for both water and food, medical treatment should be sought straight away. Cases requiring medication should only use paracetamol, as aspirin or other NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, can lead to internal bleeding. Bland foods are recommended during the treatment stage, and blood-colored foods such as watermelon should be avoided (they can make it difficult to distinguish whether a person is vomiting blood). There are no specific forms of treatment for dengue fever but there are ways in which we can reduce our risk of contracting the virus: Protect yourself from mosquito bites and limit their breeding grounds All mosquitoes, including those carrying the dengue virus, tend to bite on the ankles and elbows without the person’s knowledge. Therefore, wherever you are, you should take precautions against mosquito bites by using repellent, as well as limiting the opportunity for mosquitoes to breed at home or in pools of water. This is the simplest, cheapest and most effective way of preventing the virus. This involves closing doors, removing standing water sources in plants, and generally removing any standing water from in and around the home. People can also release fish into ponds as they eat mosquito larvae, while certain chemicals can do a similar job if replacing or pouring water away is not possible. Vaccinate yourself against dengue fever In addition to maintaining cleanliness in the home to eliminate mosquitoes, consulting an expert physician regarding a dengue fever vaccination can also provide the necessary protection. Currently, dengue fever vaccinations come in the form of a live-attenuated vaccine that offers protection against all 4 forms of the virus. Side effects associated with the vaccine are minimal when compared to other similar vaccines, with pain, swelling and redness at the injection site the most common symptoms. However, some patients may also experience a low fever and rash at the vaccination site, both of which go away after a short time. This vaccine can reduce a person’s risk of developing a serious dengue infection by up to 84%, while decreasing their chances of requiring a hospital stay by 79% and providing 82% protection against developing a symptomatic illness for all 4 strains of the virus in those who have previously had the disease. Furthermore, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that the dengue fever vaccination be widely administered in countries susceptible to dengue fever outbreaks such as those in Asia, including Thailand. The 3-time course of dengue fever vaccinations (0, 6 and 12 months) is recommended for use among those aged between 9–45 years, as well as in those who have previously contracted the virus. There is a need to communicate to potential recipients that this vaccination does not offer complete protection against dengue fever and, despite receiving the full 3-time course of injections, there is still a chance that a person can contract the disease. There are several ways people can prevent contracting a dengue fever infection, including reducing the likelihood of getting bitten by a mosquito, limiting their breeding grounds, and receiving the dengue vaccine. If someone has symptoms associated with dengue fever, they should seek urgent medical attention whether or not they have been vaccinated against the disease. Packages articles
1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 6.1 7.1 8.1 9.1 10.1 11.1 12.1 13.1 14.1 15.1 16.1 17.1 18.1 19.1 20.1 21.1 22.1 23.1 24.1 25.1 26.1 27.1 28.1 29.1
डेंगू ज्वरोका लक्षण र उपचार डेङ्गु एक प्रकारको वा भाइरल ज्वरो हो जुन एडिस इजिपटि जातको पोथी लामखुट्टेको माध्यमबाट सर्दछ। यो रोग सार्ने लामखुट्टे ग्रामीण क्षेत्रभन्दा सहरी क्षेत्रमा बढी पाइन्छ। एडिस् लामखुट्टे कालो रङको हुन्छ, जसमा सेतो थोप्लो पनि देखिन्छ। यो लामखुट्टेले विशेषगरी दिउँसो टोक्ने गर्दछ। औलो उत्पन्न गर्ने लामुखट्टे फोहोर पानीमा पाइने भए पनि डेङ्गु सार्ने लामखुट्टे थुप्रै दिनदेखि हलचल नभएको, स्वच्छ पानीमा पाइन्छ। डेङ्गु रोग क्लासिक डेङ्गु, हेमोरेजिक र शाक् सिन्ड्रोमगरी तीन प्रकारका छन्। क्लासिक डेङ्गु सामान्य प्रकारको डेङ्गु हो। यो आफैँ निको हुन्छ, मृत्युको सम्भावना कम हुन्छ तर यदि कुनै व्यक्तिलाई डेङ्गु हेमोरेजिक ज्वरो वा डेङ्गु शाक् लक्षण छ भने सावधानीपूर्वक उपचार गर्नु आवश्यक मानिन्छ। यस रोगमा ज्वरो, जडहरुमा दुखाइ तथा टाउको दुख्छ। कहिले काँही रोगी को शरीर मा आन्तरिक रक्तस्त्राव पनि हुन्छ । यो चार प्रकार का विषाणुहरु को कारण हुन्छ तथा यस रोग को वाहक एडिस लामखुट्टेका दुइ प्रजातिहरु हुन् । साधारणतः गर्मी को मौसम मा यो रोगले महामारी को रुप लिन्छ जब लामखुट्टेहरु को जनसंख्या आफ्नो चरम सीमा मा हुन्छ । यो संक्रमण सीधा व्यक्तिबाट व्यक्तिहरु मा प्रसरित हुदैन, तथा, यो पनि आवश्यक छैन कि लामखुट्टेहरु द्वारा टोकिएका सबै व्यक्तिहरु लाई यो रोग होस । डेंगु एशिया, अफ्रिका, दक्षिण तथा मध्य अमेरिका का धेरै उष्ण तथा उपोष्ण क्षेत्रहरु मा हुन्छ । डेंगु का चार विषाणुहरु मध्ये कुनै पनि एक भन्दा संक्रमित व्यक्ति मा बाकी तिनै विषाणुहरु को प्रति प्रतिरोध क्षमता विकसित हुन्छ । डेङ्गु ज्वरो एक साधारण संक्रामक रोग हो जसको मुख्य लक्षण हुन्, तीव्र ज्वरो, अत्यधिक शरीर दुखाइ तथा टाउको दुख्नु। यो एक यस्तो रोग हो जसलाई महामारी को रूप मा देखिन्छ। वयस्कहरु को तुलनामा, बच्चाहरु लाई यो रोग अधिक छिटो हुन्छ। यो रोग युरोप महाद्वीप लाई छोडेर पुरै विश्व मा हुन्छ तथा एकदम मान्छे लाई प्रभावित गर्छ। एक अनुमान छ कि प्रतिवर्ष पुरा विश्व मा लगभग २ करोड मान्छेलाई डेङ्गु ज्वरो हुन्छ। डेङ्गु कुन कारण हुन्छ? यो “डेंगू” भाइरस द्वारा हुन्छ जसका चार विभिन्न प्रकार छन्। (टाइप १,२,३,४)। साधारण भाषा मा यस रोग लाई हड्डी तोड “ज्वरो” भनिन्छ किनकी यसको कारण शरीर तथा जोडहरुमा धेरै दुखाइ हुन्छ। डेङ्गु कसरि फैलन्छ? मलेरिया जस्तै डेङ्गु ज्वरो पनि लामखुट्टेहरु ले टोकेपछि फैलन्छ। यिनी लामखुट्टेहरु लाई ‘एडीज लामखुट्टे’ भनिन्छ जो एकदम जिद्दि तथा दुस्साहसी हुन्छ र दिन मा पनि टोक्छ। डेङ्गु ज्वरो बाट पीडित रोगी को रगत मा डेङ्गु भाइरस एकदम धेरै मात्रा मा हुन्छ। जब कुनै एडीज लामखुट्टेले डेङ्गु को कुनै रोगी लाई टोक्छ र त्यसपछि कुनै अन्य स्वस्थ व्यक्ति लाई टोक्छ, त ती डेङ्गु भाइरस त्यो व्यक्ति को शरीर मा पुग्छ। संक्रामक समय जुन दिन डेङ्गु भाइरस ले संक्रमित कुनै लामखुट्टेले कुनै व्यक्ति लाई टोक्छ त त्यसको लगभग ३-५ दिन पछि यस्तो व्यक्ति मा डेङ्गु ज्वरो को लक्षण प्रकट हुन सक्छ। यो संक्रामक समय ३-१० दिनहरु सम्म पनि हुन सक्छ। डेङ्गु ज्वरो को लक्षण लक्षण यस कुरा मा निर्भर गर्छ कि डेङ्गु ज्वरो कुन् प्रकारको छ। डेङ्गु ज्वरो तीन प्रकार का हुन्छन् – क्लासिकल (साधारण) डेङ्गु ज्वरो डेङ्गु हैमरेजिक ज्वरो (डीएचएफ) डेङ्गु शक सिंड्रोम (डीएसएस) क्लासिकल (साधारण) यो एक स्वयं ठीक हुने रोग हो तथा यसले मृत्यु हुन्न, तर यदि (डीएचएफ) तथा (डीएसएस) को तुरुन्त उपचार शुरू नगरे भने ति ज्यानमारा सिद्ध हुन सक्छ। यसैले यो चिन्नु अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण छ कि रोग को स्तर कस्तो छ। डेङ्गुको लक्षण डेङ्गु लागिसकेपछि सेतो रगत -प्लेटिलेत्स्)को मात्रा अत्यधिक कम हुन्छ। बिरामीमा भएको प्लेटिलेत्स्लाई लामखुट्टेको टोकाइबाट लाग्ने जीवाणुले सखाप पारिदिन्छ जसका कारणले बिरामीमा सेतो रगतको मात्रा घट्न गई मृत्यु हुने गर्छ। डा. वासुदेव पाण्डेका अनुसार डेङ्गु लागिसकेपछि मानिसमा रगतको मात्रा कम हुने, उच्च ज्वरो आउने, जीउ अत्यधिक मात्रामा दुख्ने, हातखुट्टाको हड्डी धेरै दुख्ने, शरीरमा नीलो र रातो धब्बाहरू देखिने, स्वासप्रश्वास प्रक्रियामा कठिनाइ हुनेजस्ता समस्या देखिने भएकाले चिकित्सकहरूले तिनै लक्षणका आधारमा उपचार गर्ने गरिएको छ। चिसोले गर्दा अचानक ज्वरो चढ्नु। टाउको, मांसपेशिहरु तथा जोडहरुमा दुखाइ हुनु। अत्यधिक कमजोरी लाग्नु, भोक मा एकदम कमी तथा मतमताउनु(Nausea)। जिब्रो को स्वाद खराब हुनु। घाँटी मा हल्का दुखाइ हुनु। शरीर मा राता-गुलाबी छाप (रैश) निश्कन् सक्छ। अनुहार, घाँटी तथा छाती मा छरिएका दानाहरु जस्तै को छाप हुन सक्छन्। त्यस पछि यो छापहरु पनि स्पष्ट हुन थाल्छन् । उपचार : यदि रोगी को साधारण डेङ्गु ज्वरो छ भने उनको उपचार तथा हेरविचार घर मा पनि गर्न सकिन्छ। किनकी यो स्वयं ठीक हुने रोग हो त्यसैले केवल लाक्षणिक उपचार मात्र चाहिन्छ। प्यारासिटामल को गोली या शर्बत लिएर ज्वरो लाई कम राख्नुहोस। रोगी लाई डिस्प्रीन,एस्प्रीन कहिल्यै नदिनुहोला। यदि ज्वरो १०२ डिग्री फे. भन्दा अधिक छ भने ज्वरोलाई कम गर्न को लागि हाइड्रोथेरेपी(जल चिकित्सा) गर्नुहोस। डेङ्गुको उपचार र औषधि डेङ्गुको ज्वरो को कारण भैरस् हुने भएकाले यसको ठोस उपचार हुँदैन। स्वास्थ्य संस्थामा ज्वरो घटाउन सिटामोल दिने गरिन्छ। प्रशस्त मात्रामा झोल पदार्थ खानुपर्छ। डेङ्गु विरुद्ध खोप तथा ठोस उपचार नभएको हुँदा लामखुट्टेको टोकाइबाट बच्नु नै यस रोगबाट बच्ने मुख्य उपाय हो। एक व्यक्तिबाट अर्को व्यक्तिमा भने डेङ्गु सर्दैन। डेङ्गु रोगको कुनै खास औषधि नभएकाले डेङ्गु सार्ने लामखट्टेबाट जोगिनुनै यस्को प्रमुख उपाय हो। खुल्ला ठाउँमा पानी जम्न दिनुहुन्न।डा हेमराज कोइराला