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Trump-Kim summit breaks down after North Korea demands end to sanctions - Published A summit between Donald Trump and the North Korean leader Kim Jong-un ended without agreement after the US refused North Korean demands for sanctions relief, the US president has said. "It was all about the sanctions," Mr Trump told reporters. "They wanted the sanctions lifted in their entirety and we couldn't do that." North Korea said it had made "realistic proposals" at the summit. The two leaders had been expected to announce progress on denuclearisation. "Sometimes you have to walk and this was one of those times," Mr Trump said. Speaking at a news conference after the summit, in the Vietnamese capital, Hanoi, Mr Trump said no plans had been made for a third summit, but he expressed optimism about a "good outcome" in the future. And on his flight back to the United States, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said he was very hopeful that officials from both sides could resume talks before too long. The original White House programme for the day had planned for a "joint agreement signing ceremony" as well as a working lunch for the two leaders, but expectations were abruptly dashed with the cancellation of both. What were the sticking points? According to Mr Trump, Mr Kim made a significant offer - to dismantle all of the Yongbyon complex, the research and production facility at the heart of North Korea's nuclear programme. But in return Mr Kim wanted all sanctions on North Korea lifted, something the US was not prepared to offer. There was also a question over the network of facilities that extend beyond Yongbyon. Last month, Stephen Biegun, the US state department special representative for North Korea, said North Korea had committed in pre-summit talks to destroy all of the nation's plutonium- and uranium-enrichment facilities, dependent on unspecified US measures in return. Yongbyon is North Korea's only known source of plutonium but the country is believed to have at least two other facilities where uranium is enriched. Those unspecified US measures appear now to have been complete sanctions relief, which Mr Trump would not offer. The US president also suggested in his news conference that Mr Kim had offered only the destruction of Yongbyon and not North Korea's entire nuclear apparatus. The president said that when he raised the issue of a second enrichment facility apart from Yongbyon, the North Korean delegation was "surprised" by what the US knew. North Korea's foreign minister later said that Pyongyang had been seeking partial sanctions relief, not a complete lifting. The North had offered to permanently stop nuclear and long-range rocket testing, the minister added. Is this a setback for Trump? The first summit between the two leaders, which took place in Singapore in June 2018, was criticised for having produced little in terms of substance, leading to anticipation that Mr Trump would push at the summit in Hanoi to produce an agreement on denuclearisation. The failure will be viewed as a setback for self-styled deal-maker Mr Trump, who has talked up his historic rapprochement with Mr Kim as a significant policy achievement. Some saw the president's decision to not agree a deal as a good move. "From Mr Trump's perspective it will be a loss he can weather," Andray Abrahamian, a North Korea expert at Stanford University, wrote in a column for the BBC. "A 'bad deal' in which he gave away a lot would inspire years of debate and pushback from US foreign-policy elites. With this, he's spun it as saveable through working-level talks." The summit came as Mr Trump was facing increased scrutiny at home in the US over his business dealings and alleged ties to Russia, after his former lawyer and fixer Michael Cohen testified before Congress on Wednesday. International reaction A statement from South Korea's presidential office called the breakdown of talks "regrettable" but said the US and North Korean leaders had made "more meaningful progress than at any time prior". South Korean leader Moon Jae-in has worked to improve bilateral relations between the two Koreas, and played a role in arranging the Trump-Kim summit in Singapore. A later statement from President Moon said he had held a 25-minute phone conversation with Mr Trump and "looked forward to productive results at follow-up consultations between the US and North Korean leaders". China, North Korea's main ally, said it hoped both sides would keep talking. "Solving this problem is definitely not something that can be achieved overnight," foreign ministry spokesman Lu Kang said. What was said about Otto Warmbier? US media extensively covered remarks by Mr Trump about an American student, Otto Warmbier, who died from extensive injuries shortly after he was released from North Korean detention in 2017. The president said he had raised the Warmbier case with Mr Kim and believed the North Korean leader's assurances that he knew nothing of the student's treatment. "Some really bad things happened to Otto - some really really bad things. But he tells me that he didn't know about it and I will take him at his word," Mr Trump said. Warmbier, who was 22, was arrested for taking a propaganda poster from a hotel while on a visit to Pyongyang in January 2016. He was sentenced to 15 years of hard labour. Mr Trump is not thought to have pressed Mr Kim during their talks on North Korea's wider human rights record. According to Human Rights Watch, the United Nations and international powers, the North Korean regime is among the world's worst human rights abusers, with an estimated 80,000 - 120,000 political prisoners and a history of murder, torture, and sexual violence perpetrated against its citizens. What does denuclearisation mean? There is uncertainty about what exactly both sides mean by denuclearisation. Washington has previously said North Korea must unilaterally give up its all of its nuclear weapons and destroy all of its nuclear facilities before there can be any sanctions relief, but that condition is known to be a sticking point for the North Koreans. It is thought Mr Kim views denuclearisation as a mutual arrangement in which the US withdraws its military presence on the Korean peninsula. Asked at the news conference on Thursday what he meant by denuclearisation, Mr Trump said: "To me it's pretty obvious, we have to get rid of the nukes." Mr Trump said the US delegation "had some options and this time we decided not to do any of the options". Where does this leave the relationship? The pair seemed to get along at the Hanoi summit, as they did at the previous summit in Singapore. They took a poolside stroll for the cameras, although neither appeared to say much. Speaking after the talks in Hanoi, Mr Trump said Mr Kim was "quite a guy and quite a character" and described their relationship as "very strong". Despite the lack of an agreement, the second summit would appear to build on a significant shift in the tenor of the relationship between the two nations. In late 2017, they were exchanging vitriolic threats, with Mr Trump calling Mr Kim "little rocket man" and Mr Kim calling Mr Trump a "mentally deranged dotard". An end to war? Before the summit, there was talk of a possible political declaration to end the 1950-53 Korean War, which finished with an armistice rather than a full peace treaty. With the abrupt end of the talks, that peripheral goal seemed to have been kicked into the long grass.
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ट्रम्प-किम बैठक रद्द हुनुमा को जिम्मेवार? - सन्दीपकुमार मिश्रा - सह-प्राध्यापक, जवाहरलाल नेहरु विश्वविद्यालय अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति डोनल्ड ट्रम्पले मे २४ मा उत्तर कोरियाली नेता किम जङ-अनलाई पत्र पठाउँदै सिंगापुरमा जुन १२ का लागि प्रस्तावित शिखर बैठक रद्द गरेको जानकारी गराए। शिखर बैठक रद्द गरिएको खबर त्यतिबेला आयो जतिबेला उत्तर कोरियाले पुङ्गेरीस्थित आफ्नो पारमाणविक परीक्षणस्थललाई नष्ट पारिसकेको थियो। उत्तर कोरियाको त्यो कदमले धेरैलाई आश्चर्यमा पारेको थियो र पछिल्ला हप्ताहरूमा त्यसप्रति प्रतिक्रियाहरू आउने क्रम जारी थियो। मे १६ पछि उत्तर कोरियाले अमेरिकी धारणालाई लिएर धेरै पटक असन्तोष व्यक्त गरेको थियो। असन्तुष्टि यसबीचमा उत्तर कोरियाले दक्षिण कोरियासँगको अन्तर-कोरियाली सैनिक वार्ता रद्द गर्यो। अमेरिका र दक्षिण कोरियाबीच भइरहेको संयुक्त सैन्य अभ्यासलाई लिएर उत्तर कोरियाले असन्तुष्टि जनायो। त्यसबाहेक उत्तर कोरियाले अमेरिकी राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षा सल्लाहकार जन बोल्टनको भनाइप्रति पनि विमति जनायो। जसले उत्तर कोरियाको हकमा पनि लिबियालाई जस्तै परमाणु मुक्त बनाउने उपाय अवलम्बन गर्नुपर्ने आफ्नो सुझाव रहेको बताएका थिए। त्यसअघि राष्ट्रपति ट्रम्पले भनेका थिए- उत्तर कोरियाले आफ्ना पारमाणविक अस्त्र नष्ट नगरे किमको नियति लिबियाका तत्कालीन कर्णेल गद्दाफीको जस्तै हुनेछ। यसबीचमा अमेरिकी अधिकारीहरूले कडा अभिव्यक्ति दिए पनि उत्तर कोरियाले पूर्व निर्धारित योजना अनुसार नै पारमाणविक परीक्षणस्थल नष्ट गर्यो। त्यसबाहेक दक्षिण कोरियाली राष्ट्रपति मून जे-इनले मे २३ मा अमेरिकाको भ्रमण गरे। शर्त त्यसक्रममा ट्रम्पले भनेका थिए- उत्तर कोरियाले केही शर्तहरू पूरा नगरे शिखर बैठक स्थगित गरिने छ। अमेरिकी उपराष्ट्रपति माइक पेन्सले दिएको एउटा अन्तर्वार्तापछि उत्तर कोरियाले उनलाई 'अज्ञानी' र 'बेवकुफ' भन्यो। अन्तर्वार्तामा पेन्सले राष्ट्रपति ट्रम्पसँग किमले खेलाँची गरे त्यो उनको ठूलो भुल हुने बताएका थिए। उत्तर कोरियाको विदेश मामिलासम्बन्धी उपमन्त्रीले भने- उत्तर कोरियाले वार्ताका लागि अमेरिकासमक्ष न त अनुनय गर्नेछ न त अमेरिकालाई मनाउन चिन्ता नै लिनेछ। अचानक पारमाणविक अस्त्र मुक्त हुने उत्तर कोरियाको चाहनाले आशंका उब्जाए पनि अहिलेको समयमा आक्रामक अभिव्यक्तिले स्थिति प्रतिकूल हुन सक्छ। खासमा अमेरिकी नेताहरूबाट त्यस्तो अभिव्यक्ति आउन थालेको थियो। उनीहरूको विश्वास थियो अमेरिकी दबाबमा आएर उत्तर कोरिया पारमाणविक अस्त्र मुक्त हुन राजी हुनेछ। ट्रम्प प्रशासनको ठम्याइ छः ताजा प्रतिबन्धहरूका कारण उत्तर कोरियाले अभूतपूर्व रुपमा एक्लो भएको महसुस गरिरहेको छ। प्रतिबन्ध उत्तर कोरियाको कच्चा तेल, कपडा उद्योग र विदेश सम्पति लगायतमाथि प्रतिबन्ध जारी छ। त्यसबाहेकका कैयौँ प्रतिबन्धका कारण पनि उत्तर कोरियासामु अमेरिकासँग वार्तामा बस्नुको विकल्प नभएको बुझाइ थियो। त्यस्तै बुझाइका माझ ट्रम्प शिखर बैठकबारेको आफ्नो अडानमा टसमस नहुने स्थितिमा पुगेका थिए। आफ्नो विदेश नीति समूहबाट रेक्स टिलर्सन र एच आर म्याकमास्टरलाई हटाएर ट्रम्पले माइक पोम्पेओ र जन बोल्टनलाई ल्याए। ट्रम्प प्रशासनले एकतर्फी ढङ्गले इरानसँगको पारमाणविक सम्झौताबाट अलग भएको घोषणा पनि गर्यो। उत्तर कोरियामाथिको दबाबले काम गरिरहेको अमेरिकाको ठम्याइ छ। तर पहिल्यैदेखि एक्लिएको उत्तर कोरियालाई थप एक्ल्याइ पनि खासै असर पर्छ जस्तो लाग्दैन। गम्भीरता उत्तर कोरियामाथि चीनले पनि प्रतिबन्धहरू लगाएको देखिए पनि बेइजिङ र प्योङयाङबीच आदानप्रदान जारी रहेको बताइन्छ। चीनले उत्तर कोरियालाई समर्थन गर्नुको आफ्नै कारणहरू छन्। अमेरिकी दृष्टिकोणमा देखिएको आधारभूत त्रुटिका कारण किमसँगको शिखर बैठक रद्द भएको छ। अमेरिकी अधिकारीहरूको विवादास्पद अभिव्यक्ति र गतिविधिका बावजुद उत्तर कोरियाले शिखर बैठकका लागि उसलाई सहमत गराउन प्रयत्न गरिरह्यो। तर अमेरिकाले त्यसलाई गम्भीरताका साथ लिएको जस्तो देखिएन। उत्तर कोरियाको विदेश मामिलासम्बन्धी उपमन्त्रीले मे २४ मा शिखर बैठक रद्द गरिएकोमा अमेरिकालाई चेतावनी पनि दिए। उनले भनेका थिए- कुनै बैठक कुन पक्षले रद्द गर्छ, यो समय समयको कुरा हो। सामञ्जस्य बदलिँदो परिस्थितिमा उत्तर कोरियालाई झटका लागेको जस्तो देखिन्छ। अमेरिकासँग अहिले ऊ वार्ता गर्न समर्थ देखिँदैन। खासमा उत्तर कोरिया र अमेरिकाबीचको शिखर बैठकको योजना दक्षिण कोरियाको थियो। कारण उत्तर कोरियाली र अमेरिकी नेतृत्वलाई एकअर्काप्रति विश्वास हुन सकेको अवस्था छैन। शिखर बैठक रद्द गर्ने ट्रम्पको घोषणाले दक्षिण कोरियाली विदेश नीतिलाई पनि द्विविधामा पुर्याइदिएको छ। उसले नजिकको साथी अमेरिका र छिमेकी उत्तर कोरियामध्ये एउटालाई रोज्नुपर्ने हुन सक्छ। यद्यपि सोलले दुवै मुलुकसँग सामञ्जस्य कायम गर्ने प्रयत्न गर्नेछ। शिखर बैठक रद्द भएसँगै दक्षिण कोरियाले उत्तर कोरियाप्रति कडा रवैया पनि अपनाउन सक्छ। तर अमेरिकासँग सहमतिमा रहिरहन पनि उसलाई गाह्रो हुनेछ। पूरै घटनाक्रम हेरेर प्रारम्भिक निष्कर्ष निकाल्नुपर्दा यो समग्र प्रक्रियामा उत्तर कोरियाले बढी अङ्क हासिल गरेको देखिन्छ।