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Balakot: Indian air strikes target militants in Pakistan - Published India says it launched air strikes against militants in Pakistani territory, in a major escalation of tensions between the two countries. The government said strikes targeted a training camp of the Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM) group in Balakot. Pakistan said its jets had forced back the Indian planes and denied there were any casualties. Relations between the countries were strained by a militant attack on Indian troops in Kashmir earlier this month. India accuses Pakistan of allowing militant groups to operate on its territory and says Pakistani security agencies played a role in the suicide attack on 14 February, which was claimed by JeM and killed 40 Indian troops. Pakistan denies any role and says it does not provide safe haven to militants. Balakot is in Pakistan's north-western Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Residents there told BBC Urdu they were woken by loud explosions. Pakistan condemned the strike and said it would respond "at the time and place of its choosing". The strikes are the first launched across the line of control - the de facto border that divides India-administered Kashmir from Pakistan-administered Kashmir - since a war between the two countries in 1971. Both India and Pakistan claim all of Muslim-majority Kashmir, but control only parts of it. The nuclear-armed nations have fought three wars and a limited conflict since independence from Britain in 1947 - and all but one were over Kashmir. What does India say happened? Indian Foreign Secretary Vijay Gokhale told a news conference that the strikes had killed a "large number" of militants, including commanders, and had avoided civilian casualties. "Credible intel [intelligence] was received that JeM was planning more suicide attacks in India. In the face of imminent danger, a pre-emptive strike became absolutely necessary," he said. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi did not directly mention the air strikes when he addressed a political rally in Rajasthan later on Tuesday but he told cheering crowds: "I understand your enthusiasm and your energy. Today is a day we bow before our heroes." India is due to hold elections by the end of May. In Srinagar city, in Indian-administered Kashmir, residents expressed concerns over the spike in tensions. "Whatever is happening between these two hostile neighbours, it's us who are in the middle of this war theatre," Shabir Aakhoon, a banker, said. Local reporter Sameer Yasir says a heavy military build-up in the past three days has caused panic. Anticipating full-scale war, civilians have stockpiled food and crowded petrol pumps, triggering traffic jams in many places, he adds. How has Pakistan responded? Pakistan's army spokesman Major General Asif Ghafoor said the strikes caused no casualties. He tweeted that Pakistani jets were scrambled and forced the Indian planes to make a "hasty withdrawal", dropping their payload in an open area. Indian aircrafts intruded from Muzafarabad sector. Facing timely and effective response from Pakistan Air Force released payload in haste while escaping which fell near Balakot. No casualties or damage.— Maj Gen Asif Ghafoor (@OfficialDGISPR) February 26, 2019 Payload of hastily escaping Indian aircrafts fell in open. pic.twitter.com/8drYtNGMsm— Maj Gen Asif Ghafoor (@OfficialDGISPR) February 26, 2019 Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan later convened an urgent meeting of national security chiefs and condemned "irresponsible Indian policy". "Once again [the] Indian government has resorted to a self-serving, reckless and fictitious claim," a statement issued after the meeting said. "This action has been done for domestic consumption, being in an election environment, putting regional peace and stability at grave risk." Mr Khan has summoned a special meeting of the National Command Authority (NCA) - the body that oversees Pakistan's nuclear arsenal - to take place on Wednesday, officials said. Tensions reach a dangerous level Analysis by M Ilyas Khan, BBC News, Islamabad The Indian air strikes that hit a target inside Pakistani territory have taken tensions to a dangerous level. In September 2016, an attack on an Indian army base in Uri created a similar situation when Delhi decided to respond with so-called "surgical strikes". India's claims that they airdropped special forces to destroy militant camps on the Pakistani side of Kashmir were found to be largely exaggerated, but Indian troops did cross at several points along the Line of Control (LoC), inflicting some casualties on Pakistani forces. This time they have hit a target across the international border, inside Pakistani territory, at a location where a training camp of Kashmiri militants is known to have existed for several years. Pakistan's military has cordoned off the area and not even the local police are allowed in, so it will be some time before details of the attack become known. Also, Pakistani officials have been underplaying the severity of the incident by describing it as a strike "across the LoC", not one across the international border. Pakistan has vowed to respond but this may not go beyond diplomatic measures. However, as some observers point out, there may be punitive attacks by militants against Indian forces in Kashmir "at an appropriate time". Timeline of India-Pakistan tensions October 1947: First war between India and Pakistan over Kashmir just two months after they become independent nations. August 1965: The neighbours fight another brief war over Kashmir. December 1971: India supports East Pakistan's bid to become independent. The Indian air force conducts bombing raids inside Pakistan. The war ends with the creation of Bangladesh. May 1999: Pakistani soldiers and militants occupy Indian military posts in Kargil mountains. India launches air and ground strikes and the intruders are pushed back. October 2001: A devastating attack on the state assembly in Indian-administered Kashmir kills 38. Two months later, an attack on the Indian parliament in Delhi leaves 14 dead. November 2008: Co-ordinated attacks on Mumbai's main railway station, luxury hotels and a Jewish cultural centre kill 166 people. India blames Pakistan-based group Lashkar-e-Taiba. January 2016: Four-day attack on Indian air base in Pathankot leaves seven Indian soldiers and six militants dead. 18 September 2016: Attack on army base in Uri in Indian-administered Kashmir kills 19 soldiers. 30 September 2016: India says it carried "surgical strikes" on militants in Pakistani Kashmir. Islamabad denies strikes took place.
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जम्मू-कश्मीर विभाजनको औपचारिक कार्यान्वयन, लद्दाखलाई छुट्टै भूभागको मान्यता भारतको जम्मू-कश्मीर राज्यलाई बिहीवारदेखि दुईवटा केन्द्रशासित भूभागमा विभाजन गरिएको छ। गत अगस्टमा भारत सरकारले गरेको निर्णयबमोजिम यस्तो विभाजन भएको हो। हिन्दू राष्ट्रवादी सरकारले जम्मू-कश्मीर राज्यको विशेष संवैधानिक मान्यता खारेज गरेर त्यसलाई दुईवटा केन्द्रशासित भूभागमा परिणत गरिदिएको थियो। उक्त निर्णयानुसार अब जम्मू-कश्मीर एउटा र लद्दाख अर्को केन्द्रशासित भूभाग बनेका छन्। पहिले जम्मु-कश्मीर राज्यकै भाग रहेको बौद्धमार्गीको बाहुल्य भएको लद्दाख क्षेत्र बिहीवारदेखि छुट्टै एकाइ बनेको छ। परिवर्तनको प्रभाव केन्द्रशासित क्षेत्रहरूसँग निकै कम स्वायत्तता हुन्छ। यी परिवर्तनले ती क्षेत्रमा दिल्लीको नियन्त्रण थप कसिलो बनाउनेछ। जम्मु-कश्मीर राज्यको करिब ९८ प्रतिशत जनसङ्ख्या केन्द्रशासित जम्मु-कश्मीर भूभागमै रहनेछन्। त्यसमा खासगरी दुईवटा क्षेत्र हुनेछन्। मुसलमानबहुल कश्मीर उपत्यकामा ८० लाख जनसङ्ख्या छ भने हिन्दूबहुल जम्मुमा ६० लाख जनसङ्ख्या छ। तेस्रो क्षेत्र लद्दाख निकै उचाइमा रहेको ठाउँ हो। त्यहाँ तीन लाख मानिस छन् जसमध्ये मुसलमान र बौद्धमार्गी लगभग बराबर छन्। सरकारका अनुसार पुरानो राज्य सरकारका कर्मचारीहरूले आफ्ना साविकका काम नयाँ क्षेत्रमा गर्नेछन्। बीबीसीका रियाज मसरुर भन्छन्, "बितेको ६५ वर्षदेखि जम्मु-कश्मीर भारतअन्तर्गत रहेको एउटा स्वायत्त राज्य थियो। यही कारण उसको छुट्टै प्रशासन थियो, छुट्टै वित्तीय तथा कानुनी प्रणाली थियो। यहाँभन्दा बाहिरका मानिसलाई जग्गाजमिन तथा सम्पत्ति किन्न रोकतोक थिए।" "साथै सबै सरकारी प्रतिष्ठान तथा गाडीहरूमा भारतको तिरङ्गाका साथमा राज्यको छुट्टै झण्डापनि अङ्कित हुन्थे।" मोदी सरकारले यस्ता व्यवस्थाले त्यहाँ पृथक्तावादी भावना जगाउन सक्ने र पाकिस्तानलाई छद्म युद्धमार्फत् यस्ता भावनाको दुरुपयोग गर्ने मौका दिन सक्ने ठान्थ्यो। बढ्दो तनाव अगस्टमा भारत सरकारले गरेको निर्णयपश्चात् कश्मीरमा निकै तनाव चर्किएको छ। मङ्गलवार कश्मीरमा सन्दिग्ध पृथक्तावादी विद्रोहीहरूले कम्तीमा पाँचजना निर्माण मजदुरहरूलाई गोली हानी मारिदिएको प्रहरीले बतायो। ती मजदुर पश्चिम बङ्गाल राज्यका थिए। केही समययता कश्मीरमा बाहिरबाट आएर बसेका मानिसविरुद्ध आक्रमणको क्रम बढेको छ। भारत-पाकिस्तान विभाजनपछि भएका महत्त्वपूर्ण घटना सन् १९४७ मा ब्रिटिश शासनबाट मुक्त भएसँगै भारत र पाकिस्तान छुट्टिएर नयाँ स्वतन्त्र राष्ट्र बने। स्थापनाकालदेखि नै यी दुई छिमेकी देशबीच कहिल्यैपनि सम्बन्ध सुमधुर हुन सकेन। सम्बन्धमा तिक्तताको केन्द्रमा सधैँ कश्मीर रह्यो। यस अवधिमा दुई देशबीच कैयौँ यस्ता घटना भए जसले कहिले युद्ध नै निम्त्यायो त कहिले चर्को तनाव। हाल भारत र पाकिस्तानमाझ पुन: चर्किएको तनावका माझ यी दुई दक्षिण एशियाली मुलुकहरूबीच यस अवधिमा भएका महत्त्वपूर्ण घटनाको सङ्क्षिप्त विवरण - अक्टोबर १९४७: भारत र पाकिस्तानबीच पहिलो युद्ध। स्वतन्त्र भएको केवल दुई महिनापश्चात् दुई छिमेकी कश्मीरलाई लिएर युद्धमा होमिए। अगस्ट १९६५: कश्मीरलाई नै लिएर दुई छिमेकीबीच अर्को छोटो युद्ध डिसेम्बर १९७१: भारतद्वारा पूर्वी पाकिस्तान (वर्तमान बाङ्ग्लादेश) मा अतिक्रमण। इस्लामाबादको शासनविरुद्ध स्वतन्त्रताको लडाइँमा भारतको समर्थन। भारतीय वायुसेनाद्वारा पाकिस्तानी भूभागमा बम आक्रमण। बाङ्ग्लादेशको स्थापनासँगै युद्धको अन्त्य सन् १९८९: कश्मीर उपत्यकामा भारतीय शासनविरुद्ध सशस्त्र विद्रोहको थालनी फेब्रुअरी १९९९: भारतीय प्रधानमन्त्री अटल बिहारी वाजपेयीद्वारा पाकिस्तानी प्रधानमन्त्री नवाज शरिफसँग भेट्न र शान्ति सम्झौता गर्न बस चढेर पाकिस्तानको लाहोर प्रस्थान मे १९९९: पाकिस्तानी सेना तथा विद्रोहीद्वारा कार्गिल पर्वतमा रहेका भारतीय सैनिक शिविर कब्जा। सीमित द्वन्द्व सुरु। भारतद्वारा हवाई तथा स्थल आक्रमणपश्चात् अतिक्रमणकारीहरू फिर्ता मे २००१: भारतको आगरामा भारतीय प्रधानमन्त्री वाजपेयी र पाकिस्तानी राष्ट्रपति परवेज मुशर्रफको भेटवार्ता। कुनै सम्झौता हुन सकेन। अक्टोबर २००१: श्रीनगरस्थित कश्मीरको विधानसभामा आक्रमण, ३८ जनाको मृत्यु १३ डिसेम्बर २००१: दिल्लीस्थित भारतीय संसद्मा भएको सशस्त्र आक्रमणमा १४ जनाको मृत्यु फेब्रुअरी २००७: भारत र पाकिस्तानबीच चल्ने सम्झौता एक्सप्रेस रेलमा बम विस्फोट। ६८ जनाको मृत्यु २६ नोभेम्बर २००८: विद्रोहीहरूद्वारा मुम्बईस्थित मुख्य रेलवे स्टेशन, विलासी होटलहरू तथा एक यहुदी सांस्कृतिक केन्द्रमा आक्रमण, ६० घण्टे घटनामा १६६ जनाको मृत्यु। भारतद्वारा पाकिस्तानमा रहेको लश्कर-ए-तइबा समूहमाथि दोष ज्यानुअरी २०१६: पठानकोटस्थित भारतीय वायुसेनाको अखाडामा भएको चार दिन लामो आक्रमणमा सात भारतीय सैनक र छ विद्रोहीको मृत्यु १८ सेप्टेम्बर २०१६: भारत प्रशासित कश्मीरस्थित उरीमा रहेको सैन्य अखाडामा विद्रोहीद्वारा हमला। १९ सैनिकको मृत्यु ३० सेप्टेम्बर २०१६: भारतद्वारा पाकिस्तानी कश्मीरमा सैन्य कारबाही 'सर्जिकल स्ट्राइक' गरेको दाबी, पाकिस्तानद्वारा त्यस्तो कारबाही भएको अस्वीकार १४ फेब्रुअरी २०१९: कश्मीरको पुलवामामा विद्रोहीद्वारा आत्मघाती विस्फोट, अर्धसैनिक बल सीआरपीएफका ४० भन्दा धेरैको मृत्यु। पाकिस्तानमा रहेको जैश-ए-मोहम्मद समूहद्वारा जिम्मेवारी स्वीकार २६ फेब्रुअरी २०१९: भारत-पाकिस्तान सीमा उल्लङ्गघन गरेर भारतीय वायुसेनाद्वारा पाकिस्तानी भूभागमा आक्रमण, लडाकु समूह जैश-ए-मोहम्मदको शिविर नष्ट गरिएको भारतको दाबी ५ अगस्ट २०१९: भारतद्वारा भारत-प्रशासित जम्मू-कश्मीर राज्यलाई दिइएको संवैधानिक मान्यता खारेज।