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The World Health Organization: The History and Legacy of the UN’s Top International Public Health Agency Publisher Description April 7 is World Health Organization Day, in honor of the day that the World Health Organization held the first World Health Assembly in 1948. International health conferences had been held nearly a century before this date, and international health organizations had been established in the half-century prior to the creation of the World Health Organization, but 1948 marked the year that a formal institution was created to direct and implement a concerted and truly global effort to investigate, prevent, control, and cure disease. As the world recovered from the Second World War, which included the reconstruction of Europe, the emergence of the United States as a world superpower, the spread of Communism in large parts of the world, and the end of European colonial empires, the World Health Organization had to respond to these economic and political challenges in order to coordinate international health policy. Since the inception of the World Health Organization (WHO), the nature of public health issues has evolved greatly. An initial focus on preventing the spread of communicable diseases led to addressing poor health outcomes as a result of poverty, population growth, lifestyle changes, and globalization which meant that diseases could spread around the world faster than ever before. The WHO has also had to adopt mechanisms to respond to rapidly to major outbreaks of disease which can lead to negative economic outcomes and severe strains on health care systems in the affected regions. Economic and political changes over the last 72 years have altered the WHO’s global authority, its funding model, and the manner in which it carries out its mandate. Although medical science has advanced greatly since the WHO was established, newly emerging diseases have tested the WHO’s ability to understand the epidemiology of these diseases and to combat them.
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काठमाडौं १९ जेठ(एजेन्सी) । विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन (डब्लुएचओ) ले चीनले विकास गरेको कोरोना भाइरसविरुद्धको खोप सिनोभाकलाई आकस्मिक प्रयोगका लागि स्वीकृत गरेको छ । डब्लुएचओबाट स्वीकृति प्राप्त गर्ने यो चीनले विकास गरेको दोस्रो खोप हो । यसअघि डब्लुएचओले सिनोफार्मलाई पनि आकश्मिक प्रयोगका लागि स्वीकृति प्रदान गरेको थियो । डब्लुएचओले स्वीकृति प्रदान गरेसँगै यी चिनियाँ खोपहरु सबैलाई खोपको समान पहुँचका लागि सुरु गरिएको कोभ्याक्स अभियान अन्तर्गत प्रयोग गर्नका लागि बाटो खुला भएको छ । डब्लुएचओले प्रमाणिकरण गर्नु पूर्व नै सिनोभाक विश्वका विभिन्न देशमा प्रयोग हुँदै आएको छ । डब्लुएचओले १८ वर्ष माथिकालाई यो खोप लगाउन मिल्ने बताएको हो । पहिलो मात्रा लगाएको दुईदेखि चार हप्ता भित्र दोस्रो मात्रा लगाउनु पर्ने डब्लुएचओको जनाएको छ । सुरक्षा, प्रभावकारिता तथा उत्पादन सम्बन्धी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मापदण्ड सिनोभाकले पूरा गरेको डब्लुएचओले बताएको छ । सिनोभाक खोप लगाएका मध्ये आधा लक्षणयुक्त संक्रमणबाट जोगिन सक्ने तथा शतप्रतिशतलाई संक्रमण भए पनि गम्भीर अवस्था आएर अस्पताल भर्ना हुने अवस्था नआउने अध्ययनले देखाएको छ । यसअघि भारतको सेरम इन्स्टिच्यूडले उत्पादन गर्ने अक्सफोर्ड–एस्ट्राजेनेकाको खोप कोभ्याक्समा प्रयोग गर्ने भनिएको थियो । तर भारत आफै खोपको अभावमा जुधिरहेकाले कोभ्याक्स प्रभावित भएको छ । चीनको यो खोपले विश्व स्वास्थय संगठनबाट अनुमति पाए संगै कोभ्याक्स अन्तर्गतको खोप अभियान अरु बढी सहज हुने आशा गरिएको छ ।