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Thyroid noduleThyroid tumor - nodule; Thyroid adenoma - nodule; Thyroid carcinoma - nodule; Thyroid cancer - nodule; Thyroid incidentaloma; Hot nodule; Cold nodule; Thyrotoxicosis - nodule; Hyperthyroidism - nodule A thyroid nodule is a growth (lump) in the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck, just above where your collarbones meet in the middle. Causes Thyroid nodules are growths of cells in the thyroid gland. These growths can be: - Not cancer (benign) or thyroid cancer (malignant) - Fluid-filled (cysts) - One nodule or a group of small nodules - Producing thyroid hormones (hot nodule) or not making thyroid hormones (cold nodule) Thyroid nodules are more common in women than in men. A person's chance of getting a thyroid nodule increases with age. Only a few thyroid nodules are due to thyroid cancer . A thyroid nodule is more likely to be cancer if you: Thyroid cancer Thyroid cancer is a cancer that starts in the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located inside the front of your lower neck. - Have a hard nodule - Have a nodule that is stuck to nearby structures - Have a family history of thyroid cancer - Have noticed a change in your voice - Are younger than 20 or older than 70 - Have a history of radiation exposure to the head or neck - Are male Causes of thyroid nodules are not always found, but can include: Hashimoto's disease Hashimoto's disease Chronic thyroiditis is caused by a reaction of the immune system against the thyroid gland. It often results in reduced thyroid function (hypothyroi... - Lack of iodine in the diet Symptoms Most thyroid nodules do not cause symptoms. Large nodules can press against other structures in the neck. This can cause symptoms such as: A visible goiter (enlarged thyroid gland) Goiter A simple goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland. It is usually not a tumor or cancer. Hoarseness or changing voice Hoarseness or changing voice Hoarseness refers to a difficulty making sounds when trying to speak. Vocal sounds may be weak, breathy, scratchy, or husky, and the pitch or qualit... - Pain in the neck Problems breathing , especially when lying down flat Problems breathing Breathing difficulty may involve:Difficult breathingUncomfortable breathingFeeling like you are not getting enough air - Problems swallowing food Nodules that produce thyroid hormones will likely cause symptoms of overactive thyroid gland , including: Overactive thyroid gland Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone. The condition is often called overactive thyroid. - Warm, sweaty skin - Fast pulse Increased appetite Increased appetite Increased appetite means you have an excess desire for food. - Nervousness Restlessness Restlessness Agitation is an unpleasant state of extreme arousal. An agitated person may feel stirred up, excited, tense, confused, or irritable. - Skin blushing or flushing Weight loss Weight loss Unexplained weight loss is a decrease in body weight, when you did not try to lose the weight on your own. Many people gain and lose weight. Uninten... - Irregular menstrual periods Older people with a nodule that produces too much thyroid hormone may have only vague symptoms, including: - Fatigue - Palpitations - Chest pain - Memory loss Thyroid nodules are sometimes found in people who have Hashimoto's disease. This may cause symptoms of an underactive thyroid gland, such as: - Dry skin Face swelling Face swelling Facial swelling is the buildup of fluid in the tissues of the face. Swelling may also affect the neck and upper arms. Fatigue Fatigue Fatigue is a feeling of weariness, tiredness, or lack of energy. - Hair loss - Feeling cold when other people do not Weight gain Weight gain Unintentional weight gain is when you gain weight without trying to do so and you are not eating or drinking more. - Irregular menstrual periods Very often, nodules produce no symptoms. Health care providers find thyroid nodules only during a routine physical exam or imaging tests that are done for another reason. A few people have thyroid nodules that are big enough that they notice the nodule on their own, and ask a provider to examine their neck. Exams and Tests If a provider finds a nodule or you have symptoms of a nodule, the following tests may be done: TSH level and other thyroid blood tests TSH level A TSH test measures the amount of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in your blood. TSH is produced by the pituitary gland. It tells the thyroid gla... Thyroid ultrasound Thyroid ultrasound A thyroid ultrasound is an imaging method to see the thyroid, a gland in the neck that regulates metabolism. Thyroid scan (nuclear medicine) Thyroid scan A thyroid scan uses a radioactive iodine tracer to examine the structure and function of the thyroid gland. This test is often done together with a ... Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the nodule or of multiple nodules Fine needle aspiration biopsy Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid gland is a procedure to remove thyroid cells for examination. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland lo... Treatment Your provider may recommend surgery to remove all or part of your thyroid gland if the nodule is: Surgery to remove all or part of your t... Thyroid gland removal is surgery to remove all or part of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located inside the front ... - Due to thyroid cancer - Causing symptoms such as swallowing or breathing problems - If the fine needle biopsy is inconclusive, and your provider can't tell whether the nodule is a cancer - Making too much thyroid hormone People with nodules that are making too much thyroid hormone may be treated with radioiodine therapy. This reduces the size and activity of the nodule. Pregnant women are not given this treatment. Both surgery to remove thyroid gland tissue and radioactive iodine treatment can cause lifelong hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). This condition needs to be treated with thyroid hormone replacement. For noncancerous nodules that do not cause symptoms and are not growing, the best treatment may be: - Careful follow-up with a physical exam and ultrasound - A thyroid biopsy repeated 6 to 12 months after diagnosis, especially if the nodule has grown Another possible treatment is an ethanol (alcohol) injection into the nodule to shrink it. Outlook (Prognosis) Noncancerous thyroid nodules are not life-threatening. Many do not require treatment. Follow-up exams are enough. The outlook for thyroid cancer depends on the type of cancer. For most common kinds of thyroid cancer, the outlook is very good after treatment. When to Contact a Medical Professional Call your health care provider if you feel or see a lump in your neck, or if you have any symptoms of a thyroid nodule. If you have been exposed to radiation in the face or neck area, call your provider. A neck ultrasound can be done to look for thyroid nodules. References Gharib H, Papini E, Paschke R, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi, and European Thyroid Association Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Nodules. Endocr Pract. Kim M, Ladenson P. Thyroid. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman' s Cecil Medicine. 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 226. Schlumberger MJ, Filetti S, Alexander, EK, Hay ID. Nontoxic diffuse goiter, nodular thyroid disorders, and thyroid malignancies. In: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 14. Review Date: 4/19/2016 Reviewed By: Brent Wisse, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Nutrition, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
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थायराइड नोड्युल भनेको थायराइड ग्रन्थीको असामान्य वृद्धि हो । थायराइड ग्रन्थी घाँटीमा पाइने गरिन्छ । यो ग्रन्थी सास नली र ट्रेकियाको चारैतर्फ पुलतीको आकारमा टाँसिएको हुन्छ । थायराइड नोड्युलका कारण थायराइड क्यान्सर हुने सम्भावनालाई नकार्न सकिन्न । यदि समयमा यसको निदान नगरेमा यसको आकार बढ्ने गर्दछ र यो बाहिरबाटै देखिन्छ । यसको कारण खाएको केही पनि खानेकुरा निल्न समस्या हुने गर्दछ । नेपालमा पनि थायराइडका बिरामी दिनानुदिन बढ्दो छ । स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रमा बेथितीका कारण थायराइड नभएका मानिसहरुलाई पनि थायराइड भएको भन्दै औषधी दिइने गरिन्छ । थायराइड नोड्युलका लक्षणः धेरैजसो अवस्थामा थायराइड नोड्युल सजिलै पहिचान गर्न गाह्रो हुन्छ । जबसम्म थायराइड सुन्निँदैन तबसम्म यसको लक्षण नै देखा पर्दैन । यसका लक्षण यस प्रकार छः – यो सुन्निने भएकाले यसलाई सजिलै सँग पहिचान गर्न सकिन्छ । – सुरुवाती अवस्थामा खानेकुरा निल्नमा समस्य हुन्छ । – कुनै अवस्थामा थायराइड नोड्युल अतिरिक्त मात्रामा थायराक्सिन हर्मोन निकाल्ने गर्दछ । – थायराइड नोड्युलका कारण अचानक तौल घट्नसक्छ । – मुटुको धड्कन पनि अनियमित हुने गर्दछ । कहिले कम त कहिले बढि – यसका कारण बोल्नमा पनि समस्या हुने गर्दछ किनभने यसले भोइस बक्स (लेरिंक्स)लाई संकुचित गरिदिन्छ । – राती सुत्नमा समस्या हुन्छ । यस्तो थायराइड नोड्युल बढ्दा हुने गर्दछ । – मांसपेशी कमजोर हुने गर्दछ जसका कारण बिरामीलाई कमजोर र थकान महसुस हुने गर्दछ । थायराइड नोड्युलका कारण आयोडिनको कमीः खानामा आयोडिनको कमीका कारण थायराइड नोड्युल बढ्ने सम्भावना बढि हुने गर्दछ । यदि तपाईंको आहारमा आयोडिनको मात्रा कमी हुन्छ भने थायराइड ग्रन्थीमा थायराइड नोडलको विकास हुने गर्दछ । यद्यपी, यसको अर्थ यो होइन कि तपाईंले आयोडिनको कमी केवल नुनमार्फत पूर्ती गर्नसक्नुहुन्छ भन्ने होइन । यसको लागि तपाईंले आयोडिनयुक्त आहार पनि खान सक्नुहुन्छ । सबैभन्दा धेरै आयोडिन समून्द्रि माछामा पाइने गरिन्छ ।