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https___sushilsilwal.com.np_health_is-tuberculosis-contagious-and-how-is-it-spread__1.xml
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Basics Learn More See, Play and Learn - No links available Resources For You Summary What is tuberculosis (TB)? Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease that usually attacks the lungs. But it can also attack other parts of the body, including the kidneys, spine, and brain. Not everyone infected with TB bacteria (germs) becomes sick. So, there are two types of TB conditions: - Latent TB infection, where the TB germs live in your body but don't make you sick. - TB disease (active TB) where you get sick from the TB germs. TB disease can almost always be cured with antibiotics. But if it's not treated properly, it can be fatal. TB is found in the U.S., but it is more common in certain other countries. What causes tuberculosis (TB)? TB is caused by bacteria (germs) called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The germs spread from person to person through the air. People who have TB disease in their throat or lungs spread the germs in the air when they cough, sneeze, talk, or sing. If you breathe in the air that has the germs, you can get TB. TB is not spread by touching, kissing, or sharing food or dishes. You're more likely to catch TB from people you live or work with than from people you see for shorter amounts of time. Who is more likely to get infected with tuberculosis (TB) germs? Anyone who is near a person with TB disease can get infected with the germs. You are more likely to be near someone with TB disease if you: - Were born in or often travel to countries where TB disease is common - Are a health care worker - Work or live in a place where TB is more common, such as shelters for people without homes, jails, and nursing homes Who is more likely to develop TB disease? Certain people are more likely to get sick with TB disease after they get infected. They include people who: - Have HIV/AIDS - Became infected with TB in the last 2 years - Have other diseases, such as diabetes, that make it hard for your body to fight TB germs - Have alcohol use disorder or inject illegal drugs - Were not treated correctly for TB in the past - Are under age 5 - Are an older adult What are the symptoms of tuberculosis (TB)? Most people who have TB germs in their bodies don't get sick with TB disease. Instead, they have latent TB infection. With a latent TB infection, you: - Don't have symptoms - Can't spread TB to others - Could get sick with active TB disease in the future if your immune system becomes weak for another reason - Need to take medicine to prevent getting sick with active TB disease in the future If you have TB disease, the TB germs are active, meaning that they are growing (multiplying) inside your body and making you sick. If the TB is growing in your lungs or throat, you can spread the TB germs to other people. You can get sick with TB disease weeks to years after you're infected with TB germs. With TB disease, your symptoms will depend on where the TB is growing in your body - General symptoms may include: - Symptoms from TB disease in your lungs may include: - A cough that lasts longer than 3 weeks - Coughing up blood or sputum (a thick mucus from the lungs) - Chest pain How is tuberculosis (TB) diagnosed? Your health care provider or your local health department can test you to find out if you have TB germs in your body. They will give you either a TB skin or blood test. If your test shows that you have TB germs, you'll need to have other tests to see if the germs are actively growing: - Tests for TB disease in the lungs usually include testing samples of your sputum and having chest x-rays. - Tests for TB disease in other parts of your body may include tests of urine and tissue samples. You may need a TB test if you have symptoms of TB disease or if you are at high risk because you are more likely to be near someone with TB disease. What is the treatment for tuberculosis (TB)? The treatment for both latent TB infection and TB disease is antibiotics. To make sure you get rid of all the TB germs in your body, it's very important to follow the directions for taking your medicine. If you don't follow the directions, the TB germs in your body could change and become antibiotic resistant. That means the medicine may stop working and your TB may become hard to cure. - For latent TB infections, you usually take medicines for 3 to 9 months. Treatment helps make sure you don't get TB disease in the future. - For active TB disease, you usually need to take medicines for 6 to 12 months. Treatment will almost always cure you if you take your pills the right way. - For TB disease in your lungs or throat, you'll need to stay home for a few weeks, so you don't spread disease to other people. You can protect the people you live with by: - Covering your nose and mouth. - Opening windows when possible. - Not getting too close to them. By following medical advice for TB testing and treatment, you can keep yourself healthy and help stop the spread of TB. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here - Learn about Tuberculosis (American Lung Association) - Questions and Answers about TB (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish Symptoms - Tuberculosis: Signs and Symptoms of TB Disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish Diagnosis and Tests - Acid-Fast Bacillus (AFB) Tests (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish - Testing for TB Infection (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish - Tests for Lung Disease (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) Also in Spanish - Tuberculin Skin Testing (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish - Tuberculosis Screening (National Library of Medicine) Also in Spanish Prevention and Risk Factors - BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) Vaccine (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish Treatments and Therapies - Staying on Track with TB Medicine (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - PDF - Treating and Managing Tuberculosis (American Lung Association) - Treatment: Latent TB Infection (LTBI) and TB Disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish - Tuberculosis (TB): Treatment (National Jewish Health) Related Issues - HIV and Tuberculosis (TB) (National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research) Also in Spanish - Mycobacterium bovis (Bovine Tuberculosis) in Humans (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - PDF - Tuberculosis Information for International Travelers (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish - Tuberculosis: The Connection between TB and HIV (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Specifics - Difference Between Latent TB Infection and Active TB Disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - PDF - Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR TB) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish - Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish Statistics and Research - CDC Releases Updated Recommendations for Treatment of Latent TB Infection (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - State Profiles: HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - TB in Correctional Facilities in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - Trends in Tuberculosis, 2016 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - Tuberculosis (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) - Tuberculosis Data and Statistics (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish - Tuberculosis in Hispanic or Latino Persons (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish - Tuberculosis: Black or African American Persons (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Clinical Trials - ClinicalTrials.gov: Tuberculosis (National Institutes of Health) Journal Articles References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine) Children - TB in Children in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - Tuberculosis (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish Women - Tuberculosis Treatment and Pregnancy (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish Patient Handouts - Acid-fast stain (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish - Coughing up blood (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish - Disseminated tuberculosis (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish - Meningitis - tuberculous (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish - PPD skin test (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish - Pulmonary tuberculosis (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish - Taking medicines to treat tuberculosis (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish - Tuberculosis Facts - Exposure to TB (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - PDF - Tuberculosis Facts - TB Can Be Treated (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - PDF - Tuberculosis Facts - Testing for TB (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - PDF - Tuberculosis Facts - You Can Prevent TB (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - PDF - Tuberculosis: General Information (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - PDF
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के क्षयरोग संक्रामक छ र यो कसरी फैलिन्छ? - के क्षयरोग संक्रामक छ र यो कसरी फैलिन्छ? - यो कसरी फैलिएको छ? - जोखिम कारक - रोकथाम - लक्षण - उपचार - टेकअवे क्षयरोग के हो? क्षयरोग (TB) एक गम्भीर जीवाणु संक्रमण हो जसले मुख्य रूपमा फोक्सो र श्वासप्रश्वास प्रणालीलाई असर गर्छ, यद्यपि यसले कुनै पनि अंगलाई आक्रमण गर्न सक्छ। यो एक संक्रामक संक्रमण हो जुन खोकी वा हाछ्युँको थोपा मार्फत पानीमा फैलिन सक्छ। TB का दुई मुख्य प्रकारहरू छन्: सुप्त TB संक्रमण (LTBI) र सक्रिय TB रोग (कहिलेकाहीँ TB रोग पनि भनिन्छ)। सुप्त क्षयरोग भनेको तपाई क्षयरोगबाट संक्रमित हुनुभएको छ, तर कुनै लक्षण छैन। यदि तपाईंलाई सुप्त TB छ भने, फोक्सोको एक्स-रेले सक्रिय रोग देखाउँदैन। तर, क्षयरोगको लक्षणमा खोकी र ज्वरो समावेश हुन्छ। यो प्रकार संक्रामक र खतरनाक छ। यो फोक्सोबाट शरीरको अन्य भागमा फैलिन सक्छ। यो कसरी फैलिन्छ? टीबी हावाबाट सर्छ। एक व्यक्तिबाट अर्को व्यक्तिमा संक्रमण फैलिनका लागि ब्याक्टेरिया भएका थोपाहरू सास फेर्नुपर्छ। यसको मतलब क्षयरोग भएको व्यक्तिले खोक्दा, हाच्छिउँ गर्दा वा लामो समयसम्म आफ्नो अनुहार नजिकै बोल्दा पनि क्षयरोग भएको व्यक्तिको नजिक हुँदा संक्रमणको जोखिम हुन्छ। क्षयरोग भएको व्यक्तिसँग चुम्बन, अंगालो हाल्ने वा हात मिलाउँदा यो रोग सर्दैन। त्यस्तै गरी, ओछ्यान, लुगा वा ट्वाइलेट सिट बाँड्दा पनि रोग सर्छ भन्ने होइन। यद्यपि, यदि तपाइँ TB भएको व्यक्तिसँग समयको अवधिमा नजिक हुनुहुन्छ भने, तपाइँ ब्याक्टेरियाले संतृप्त भएको सास फेर्ने हावाबाट रोग लाग्न सक्नुहुन्छ। क्षयरोग लागेको व्यक्तिसँग बस्ने र काम गर्ने व्यक्तिहरूलाई क्षयरोग लागेको व्यक्तिसँग क्षणिक भेटघाट भएको सर्वसाधारणको तुलनामा संक्रमित हुने सम्भावना धेरै हुन्छ। TB को जोखिममा को छ? TB ब्याक्टेरियाको सम्पर्क सधैं संक्रमण विकास गर्न पर्याप्त छैन। तपाईंको शरीरले यसलाई लड्न सक्षम हुन सक्छ। यदि तपाइँसँग कमजोर प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली छ भने एक्सपोजर पछि संक्रमित हुने तपाइँको जोखिम बढाउने प्रमुख कारकहरू मध्ये एक हो। तपाईलाई TB को बढ्दो जोखिम हुन सक्छ यदि तपाई: एचआईभी भएको क्यान्सर भएको छ भने क्यान्सरको उपचार भइरहेको छ र रुमेटोइड गठिया वा क्रोहन रोग जस्ता अवस्थाहरूको लागि औषधिहरू लिइरहेका छन् TB पनि रूस, दक्षिण अमेरिका र अफ्रिका लगायत विश्वका केही भागहरूमा बढी सामान्य छ। यदि तपाईं क्षयरोगको बढी घटना भएका क्षेत्रमा बस्नुहुन्छ वा यी क्षेत्रहरूमा यात्रा गर्नुहुन्छ भने तपाईं बढ्दो जोखिममा हुन सक्नुहुन्छ। स्वास्थ्य सेवामा काम गर्दा धुम्रपान र लागूपदार्थको दुरुपयोगले जस्तै तपाईंको क्षयरोगको जोखिम पनि बढ्छ। यदि तपाइँ ब्याक्टेरियाबाट संक्रमित हुनुभएको छ भने, तपाइँले केहि हप्ता भित्र लक्षणहरू विकास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ, वा तपाइँले संक्रमणको संकेतहरू देख्नु अघि यो वर्षौं लाग्न सक्छ। TB को लागी तपाइँको जोखिम कसरी कम गर्ने सक्रिय TB भएका व्यक्तिहरु संग तपाइँको जोखिम कम गर्नु तपाइँको जोखिम कम गर्ने एक तरिका हो, तर यो सधैं सम्भव छैन। यदि तपाइँ विदेशमा यात्रा गर्दै हुनुहुन्छ जहाँ TB एक गम्भीर सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य समस्या हो भने, रोग नियन्त्रण र रोकथाम केन्द्रहरूबाट यात्रा चेतावनी वा खोप आवश्यकताहरूको बारेमा अद्यावधिक जानकारी प्राप्त गर्नुहोस्। TB को उच्च प्रकोप भएको क्षेत्रहरूमा यात्रा गर्दा, सम्भव भएमा भीडभाड हुने ठाउँहरूबाट टाढा रहने प्रयास गर्नुहोस्। तपाईंको एक्सपोजर कम गर्ने अन्य तरिकाहरू समावेश छन्: - आफ्नो कोठा राम्रोसँग हावामा राख्दै। TB ब्याक्टेरिया कम बाहिरी हावा संग अधिक सीमित स्थानहरुमा छिटो फैलिन्छ। - तपाईंले क्षयरोगको उपचार सुरु गरेपछि केही हप्ता वा महिनासम्म घरमै बस्नु। - त्यहाँ ब्यासिलस क्याल्मेट-गुएरिन (बीसीजी) भ्याक्सिन भनिने TB खोप छ। यो संयुक्त राज्यमा व्यापक रूपमा प्रयोग गरिएको छैन। यो बच्चा र बच्चाहरु मा TB को उच्च दर संग देशहरु मा अधिक प्रयोग गरिन्छ। - यदि तपाइँ TB को बढ्दो जोखिममा हुनुहुन्छ भने, BCG ले तपाइँको जोखिम कम गर्न मद्दत गर्न सक्छ। क्षयरोगका लक्षणहरू के के हुन् ? जब लक्षणहरू उपस्थित हुन्छन्, तिनीहरू सामान्यतया खोकी समावेश गर्दछ जुन केहि हप्ता भन्दा बढी रहन्छ। खोकीले कफ उत्पादन गर्छ, र यो कहिलेकाहीँ रगतले धब्बा वा गुलाबी हुन सक्छ, रगत बग्ने र जलन सुझाव दिन्छ। छाती दुख्ने, विशेष गरी गहिरो सास फेर्दा वा खोकी लाग्दा, पनि एक सामान्य लक्षण हो। अन्य लक्षणहरू समावेश हुन सक्छन्: - थकान - अस्पष्ट तौल घट्ने - ज्वरो - चिसो - भोक नलाग्ने - यदि TB शरीरको अर्को भागमा फैलिएको छ भने, तपाईंको लक्षणहरू परिवर्तन हुन सक्छन्। एक संक्रमण जो पछाडि पुग्यो, उदाहरण को लागी, ढाड दुखाइ हुन सक्छ। के उपचार उपलब्ध छन्? TB छाला परीक्षण, रगत परीक्षण, र तपाईंको थुकको विश्लेषण मार्फत TB रोगको निदान पुष्टि भएपछि, तपाईंले सकेसम्म चाँडो उपचार सुरु गर्नुपर्छ। तपाईको थूक भनेको लार र म्युकसको मिश्रण हो जुन तपाईले बिरामी हुँदा खोक्नु हुन्छ। पत्ता लागेको क्षयरोगको प्रकारको आधारमा तपाईंलाई विभिन्न औषधिहरू सिफारिस गर्न सकिन्छ। सक्रिय क्षयरोगको लागि धेरै पटक हुने संयोजनमा एन्टिबायोटिक्स आइसोनियाजिड, रिफाम्पिन, एथाम्बुटोल र पाइराजिनामाइड समावेश छन्। तपाईले लिनुहुने औषधिको पाठ्यक्रम तपाईको उमेर र रोग कति अगाडि बढेको छ जस्ता धेरै कारकहरूमा निर्भर गर्दछ। तर क्षयरोग एन्टिबायोटिकको सामान्य पाठ्यक्रम छ देखि नौ महिनाको हुन्छ। अव्यक्त TB TB रोगमा परिणत हुनेछैन भन्ने कुनै ग्यारेन्टी छैन, तर उपचारको बारेमा सक्रिय हुनु र एन्टिबायोटिकको सम्पूर्ण पाठ्यक्रमलाई पछ्याउँदा तपाईंलाई निको हुन मद्दत गर्न सक्छ। टेकअवे टीबी हावाबाट सर्ने संक्रामक रोग हो। यो अवस्था भएका व्यक्तिहरूसँगको आफ्नो सम्पर्क कम गर्नाले तपाईंको जोखिम कम गर्न मद्दत गर्न सक्छ। तपाइँको जोखिम कम गर्न मद्दत गर्न सक्ने खोप पनि छ। यद्यपि यो सबै देशहरूमा छैन, क्षयरोग विश्वभर मृत्युको शीर्ष 10 कारणहरू मध्ये एक हो। यदि तपाईंलाई क्षयरोग भएको शंका छ भने, तत्काल चिकित्सा सहायता खोज्नुहोस्।