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Pulwama attack: Nine killed in Kashmir gun battle - Published Nine people, including four Indian soldiers and a policeman, have been killed in Indian-administered Kashmir during a gun battle, police say. The clash occurred in Pulwama, where more than 40 Indian paramilitary police were killed in a bombing last week. That attack, the worst in decades, has fuelled tensions between nuclear-armed India and Pakistan. A civilian and three alleged militants were also among those killed in Monday's confrontation. Police say the three suspected militants who were killed are members of Pakistan-based group Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM), which said it was responsible for Thursday's suicide bombing. Pakistan denies any role in the bombing, but India has accused the state of being complicit. India recalled its top diplomat to the country in the wake of the attack and Pakistan has now also recalled its ambassador from Delhi for consultations. What's happening in Pulwama? The operation lasted 16 hours on Monday, with heavy gunfire reported as Indian security personnel appealed to villagers to stay indoors. Among the Indian soldiers killed was an army major, police and military officials said. They said another six members of the Indian military were also injured in the battle. The operation targeted a residential area said to be a hideout for suspected militants. Indian security forces have been hunting for those with suspected links to JeM following Thursday's bombing, which saw a vehicle packed with explosives ram a convoy of 78 buses carrying Indian security forces. The suicide bomber was identified as a local Kashmiri aged between 19 and 21. More than 20 people were detained on Sunday, according to police. How high are tensions? Kashmir has been a flashpoint between India and Pakistan since independence. Both countries claim all of Muslim-majority Kashmir but control only parts of it. They have fought two wars and a limited conflict in the region. Thursday's attack was the deadliest attack against Indian forces since an Islamist-led insurgency began in 1989. It sparked anti-Pakistan protests in some Indian cities and angry mobs targeted Kashmiri students and businessmen. Mobile internet services in Indian-administered Kashmir were cut over the weekend and the Indian government has pulled security normally provided to at least five Kashmiri separatist leaders. Isolated incidents of students from Kashmir being beaten up or evicted from their accommodation in northern Indian states have also been reported. India's Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) offered help to students in need, but also warned of false reports. Some on Indian social media have been offering their homes to those being targeted in response, using hashtags like #SafeHaven. In broader terms, there has been a spike in violence in Indian-administered Kashmir since Indian forces killed a popular militant in 2016. Significant numbers of young men have joined the insurgency in recent years and the funerals of well-known militants draw huge crowds who want to pay respects to "martyrs". India has been accused of using excessive force to control protests with thousands of people suffering eye injuries or being blinded by pellet guns. How might India retaliate? Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who is facing an election later this year, has vowed a strong response and says he will give the military free rein. The last time an attack on Indian forces close to this magnitude occurred in Kashmir was in 2016, when 19 soldiers were killed at a base. In response to that, India carried out "surgical strikes" which involved Indian soldiers crossing the de facto border to hit Pakistani posts. This time analysts say heavy snow in the region could make that kind of limited ground response impossible. But there are fears that going further, for example with air strikes, could lead to Pakistani retaliation and a significant escalation. So far India has focused on retaliation by economic and diplomatic means. It has revoked Pakistan's Most Favoured Nation trading status, raised customs duties to 200% and vowed to isolate it in the international community. Despite tensions Pakistan is calm By Secunder Kermani, BBC Pakistan correspondent The threat of Indian military action has not provoked widespread concern amongst the general public in Pakistan. Previous attacks by militants like JeM, believed to have close links to the intelligence services, have been seen as attempts by the Pakistani military to prevent the civilian government developing too friendly a relationship with India. However, since Imran Khan was elected as prime minister here, many have begun to believe both the army and his administration were united in wanting to improve cross border ties. Whether Pakistan was involved in the attack or not, it seems unlikely concerted action will now be taken against JeM. Its leader has been in "protective custody" since another attack in 2016, but still regularly releases audio messages to followers. The group has in the past been a useful tool for Pakistan's intelligence services wanting to foment unrest across the border, and authorities may now be reluctant to confront them, in case they turn against the Pakistani state as some of their members have done in the past.
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कश्मीर आक्रमण: भारत-पाकिस्तान तनाव बढ्दा बाँकी विश्व किन चिन्तित हुन्छ? कश्मीर विश्वमा सबैभन्दा बढी सैनिकीकृत क्षेत्रमध्ये एक हो। त्यहाँ भारत र पाकिस्तानजस्ता दुई पारमाणु-शक्तिसम्पन्न देशबीच अतिसम्वेदनशील सीमारेखा पनि छ। गतसाता भारत प्रशासित कश्मीरमा कम्तीमा ४६ सुरक्षाकर्मीको ज्यान जानेगरी एउटा आत्मघाती आक्रमण भयो। भारतीय सुरक्षा बलमाथि भएको यो एउटा ठूलो रक्तपातपूर्ण आक्रमण थियो। पछि भएका भिडन्तमा सुरक्षाकर्मी, सन्दिग्ध लडाकु र गैरसैनिकको पनि मृत्यु भयो। यी घटनाहरूले त्यस क्षेत्रलाई पुन: अस्थिर पार्न सक्ने भन्दै चिन्ता व्यक्त भएका छन्। सन् २०१८ मा मात्रै त्यहाँ सर्वसाधारण, सुरक्षाबल र लडाकुसमेत पाँच सयभन्दा बढी मानिसको ज्यान गएको थियो। कश्मीरको पछिल्लो तनाव किन भयानक छ? भारत र पाकिस्तान स्वतन्त्र भएयता कश्मीर दुवै देशका लागि कलहको बीउ बनेको छ। त्यो क्षेत्र भारत र पाकिस्तान प्रशासित कश्मीरको रूपमा बाँडिएको छ। चीनको नियन्त्रणमा पनि केही भाग छ। गत साता भएको आक्रमणमा भारतीय अर्धसैनिक बलका सुरक्षाकर्मीहरूको ज्यान गएपछि खोजतलास गर्ने क्रममा सेना र विद्रोही पक्षबीच भिडन्त भएको छ। पुलवामामा भएको आक्रमणपछि भारत र पाकिस्तानबीच तनाव चुलिएको छ। तत्कालका लागि भारत-पाकिस्तान सम्बन्धमा सहज वातावरणको आशा मरेको छ। पाकिस्तानी भूमिबाट सञ्चालित हुने गरेको भनिएको लडाकु समूह जैश-ए-मोहम्मदले आक्रमणको जिम्मेवारी लिएको छ। भारतले भने पाकिस्तान सो घटना संलगन भएको आरोप लगाएको छ। भारतका विभिन्न सहरमा पाकिस्तानविरोधी प्रदर्शनहरू भएका छन् र क्रुद्ध भिडले कश्मीरी विद्यार्थी एवम् व्यापारीहरूलाई निशाना बनाएका विवरणहरू प्रकाशित भएका छन्। भारत प्रशासित कश्मीरमा सप्ताहन्तमा मोवाइलमा इन्टर्नेट सेवासमेत काटिएको थियो। पाकिस्तानले भने आक्रमणमा आफ्नो भूमिका रहेको भन्ने आरोपलाई अस्वीकार गर्दै आएको छ। पाकिस्तानका प्रधानमन्त्री इमरान खानले आफ्नो देश बिहीवार पुलवामामा भएको घटनामा संलग्न भएको प्रमाण दिन भारतलाई चुनौती दिएका छन्। वार्ताबाट मात्र कश्मीरको विवाद समाधान गर्न सकिने तर भारतले सैन्य कारबाही गरे आफूले प्रत्युत्तर दिने उनले बताएका छन्। भारत र पाकिस्तान दुवै परमाणुशक्तिसम्पन्न देश हुन्। त्यसैले गर्दा उनीहरूबीच हुने जुनसुकै द्वन्द्वले पनि नयाँ परिस्थिति सिर्जना गर्नेछ। दुई देशबीच रहेको विवादको सबैभन्दा बढी मार कश्मीरका बासिन्दाले खेप्नुपरेको छ। कश्मीर विवादकै कारण दुई देशबीच सन् १९४७ र १९६५ दुईवटा युद्ध भइसकेको छ। थुप्रै सशस्त्र अभियान, सेना र सर्वसाधारणलाई लक्षित भएका अनगिन्ती आक्रमण भइसकेका छन्। फलस्वरूप त्यस क्षेत्रको अर्थतन्त्र उच्च बेरोजगारी र राजनीतिक अस्थिरताको जगमा कमजोर बनेको छ। कश्मीरविज्ञ ब्रिटिश सांसद नजिर अहमदका अनुसार त्यस भेग आतङ्कवादी गतिविधिका लागि उर्वर भूमि बनेको छ। कश्मीरलाई बेवास्ता गरेर इस्लामिक स्टेट लडाकु र नजिकैको अफगानिस्तानमा रहेका तालिबानलाई नियन्त्रणमा राख्न गाह्रो हुने धारणा अहमद र अन्य विज्ञहरूको छ। त्यहाँ कसले शासन गर्छ? सन् १९४७ मा ब्रिटिश शासनको अन्त्य हुनुअघि नै कश्मीरबारे ठूलो विवाद थियो। जतिखेर उक्त उपमहाद्वीप हिन्दू भारत र मुस्लिम पाकिस्तानको रूपमा विभाजित भएको थियो। कश्मीरका महाराजा भारत वा पाकिस्तान कतातर्फ जाने भन्ने निर्क्योल गर्न सकेनन्। मताधिकार प्रयोग गरेर टुङ्गो लगाउने विकल्प थिएन। अन्तत: उनले भारत रोजे जसले उक्त भूमिको दाबीमाथि दुई वर्ष लामो युद्ध भयो। युद्धविराम घोषणा हुँदा पाकिस्तानले आफ्नो फौजलाई फिर्ता लैजान मानेन र कश्मीर दुई भागमा विभाजित भयो। भारत र पाकिस्तानबीच त्यस्तो विवाद चलिरहँदा सन् १९५० को दशकमा चीनले बिस्तारै पूर्वी कश्मीरलाई कब्जा गर्यो। त्यस भेगलाई अक्साईचिन चिनिन्छ। भारत र पाकिस्तानबीच दोस्रो युद्ध सन् १९६५ मा भएको थियो। सन् १९८० र १९९० को दशकको बीचमा भारतीय शासनविरुद्ध रहेको असन्तोषको रूपमा विद्रोह सुरु भयो। मानिसहरूले प्रदर्शन गर्न थाले र पाकिस्तानको सहयोगमा लडाकु समूहहरू जन्मिन थाले। सन् १९९९ मा भारतले छोटो समय पाकिस्तानद्वारा समर्थित फौजसँग तिक्ततापूर्ण लडाइँ गर्यो। त्यसबेलासम्म भारत र पाकिस्तान दुवैले आफूलाई परमाणुशक्ति भएको घोषणा गरिसकेका थिए। लडाइँ सुरु भएपछि दशौँ हजार मानिसहरूले ज्यान गुमाइसकेका छन्। कश्मीरका जनता के चाहन्छन्? सन् १९५० को दशकयता संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घले त्यस क्षेत्रका मानिसहरूको विचारलाई सम्मान गर्नेगरी कश्मीरमा जनमत सङ्ग्रह हुनुपर्छ भन्यो। भारतले सुरुमा त्यस विचारलाई अस्वीकार नगरेको भए पनि पछि उसले त्यो आवश्यक नरहेको बतायो। दिल्लीले भारत प्रशासित जम्मू-कश्मीरमा भएका निर्वाचनमार्फत् नै उनीहरू भारतीय भइसकेको भन्ने गरेको छ। पाकिस्तानले भने त्यसलाई अस्वीकार गर्दै आएको छ। उसको भनाइ छ- त्यस भूभागका धेरै मानिसहरू भारतबाट शासित हुन चाहँदैनन्। उनीहरू कि स्वतन्त्र हैसियत वा पाकिस्तानसँग मिसिन चाहन्छन्। भारत प्रशासित जम्मू-कश्मीर राज्यमा ६० प्रतिशतभन्दा बढी मुस्लिम जनसङ्ख्या छ। यो भारतमा मुस्लिम बाहुल्य भएको एक मात्र राज्य हो।