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How To Create A Bonsai Tree How To Create A Bonsai Tree Many kinds of trees, plants and shrubs can be made into a bonsai. A bonsai is a miniature version of a tree planted in a pot. Japanese maples are ideal deciduous trees for creating beautiful bonsai. Using a method called air layering, it is very easy to make a branch sprout roots that will support it after separation from the tree. By selecting a nicely shaped branch, you can start a bonsai tree that will bring years of enjoyment. Here’s how to create a tree that would normally take five years or more to develop from seed or cuttings. STEPS - Select the species of tree. When selecting a tree species its important to consider your geographic location. Some trees lose their leaves in the winter and require the temperature to drop below freezing so that they can enter a dormant state and prepare for the spring. Other trees will not survive long in the freezing weather. Some trees will require a lot of water during a hot summer while others are heat hardy. Research the kind of trees that do well in your area. - Select the size of your bonsai. Bonsai trees can be as anywhere from miniature (6 inches tall) to large bonsai (up to 3 ft tall). Decide what size bonsai you would like before actually going out to select the plant. - Select the plant. Once you have decided which kind and what size bonsai you would like, you can go to a nursery or a bonsai shop and select the plant that you will use to make your bonsai tree. When choosing a plant, look for leaf color to make sure that the plant is healthy. Then look around at the selection of plants and imagine what each plant would look like after it is pruned. It’s important to visualize the bonsai before you buy the plant and bring it home. You do not want to bring a plant home only to decide that it isn’t immediately suitable to be a bonsai. - Select a pot. Selecting the right pot has a lot to do with the desired size and style of the plant. Select a shape and color that you personally find aesthetically pleasing. The pot must be large enough to allow enough soil to cover the roots of the plant. You do not want to have such a small amount of soil in the pot that the tree roots can not retain moisture. You will kill the plant if you do not have a large enough pot. At the same time, you want to maintain the illusion of nature and select a pot just large enough to support the tree. The idea of a bonsai is to balance the pot with the plant and make the plant look like a miniature tree. Some bonsai pots do not come with pre-drilled drainage holes. If you do not have a drill that will cut through ceramic, then make sure you purchase a pot with pre-drilled drainage holes. - Prepare the tree. Prune the tree to the desired shape. Wire any branches that need to be wired. Remove the plant from its existing pot and water the roots. Most of the roots will be cut before the plant is repotted into the bonsai pot. Cut away enough roots so that the root system can fit securely in the new pot with the proper amount of soil. - Pot the tree. Install mesh screens over the drainage holes to prevent soil erosion. Add some soil to the pot and then place the tree into the pot. Before covering the top of the roots with soil position the tree in the desired orientation. Run a heavy gauge wire from the bottom of the pot through the drainage holes on the bottom of the pot. Tie the wire around the root system in order to hold the plant in place. Finish adding soil to the pot. If it is warm out, make sure to keep the newly planted tree watered well until the roots get established in the new pot. - Experiment. You can experiment with many kinds of trees, plants and shrubs. Try making bonsai with plants native to your area. - Join a club. If you can’t find a local one, there is one online called the Internet Bonsai Club. Compost Bins Besides keeping compost tidy during decomposition, good compost bins retain heat and moisture while keeping out pets and pests, like raccoons and rodents. Selecting the most suitable compost bin encourages regular continued use. Compost bins can be built with minimal materials or purchased. Selection Do-it-yourself bins - A 3-cubic-foot area is recommended for an initial bin size. - With portable compost units, lift vertically and place the structure adjacent to the compost pile. Use a spade to turn the compost layers into the compost bin’s new location. - Constructing three-sided bins make the turning process somewhat easier. - Consider constructing a sectional bin where successive compost piles are turned into the adjacent bin. Use the compost from the last bin for the garden and continue starting materials in the first bin. The primary advantages of commercial compost bins are: - Construction time saved. - Superior rodent proofing. - Built-in features to more easily turn or centrally aerate the compost. - Direct access to finished material. To make compost bins attractive outdoor features rather than smelly eyesores, consider these possibilities: - Cedar construction. - Recycled wine barrel units. - Compost bin bench seat. - Elegant architectural elements that appear as more formal structures. Many commercial bins offer add-on features to expand the bin without purchasing an entire unit. Specialty compost bins are available to effectively decompose meat scraps and pet manure. These are buried in the ground to reduce odors and prevent pest problems. Depending on the size, materials and features, prices for compost bins range from $35 to $1,200. Before purchasing, evaluate bins to be sure the selected unit: - Supports the major garden and household waste to be utilized. - Is large enough to accommodate the waste volume generated. Numerous local governments and civic organizations in the United States offer composting programs. Many of these supply compost bins at greatly reduced prices to encourage program participation. Worm bins Worm bins offer another popular way to compost kitchen scraps that can be kept indoors for year-round use. Red worms, purchased by the pound, maintain an excellent reputation for effective processing. Approximately 1,000 to 2,000 worms comprise each pound. Worm bins can be built inexpensively or purchased. Kits are available that contain bin, bedding, and worms – just add water and waste. Worm bins produce vermicompost (worm castings), which is a nutrient dense compost material that can be used for top dressing or potting soil, and a liquid by-product, compost tea that can be used for houseplant fertilizer. As with garden compost bins, avoid using: - Fish. - Meat scraps. - Dairy products. - Oils. - Pet waste. Add citrus rinds, onions and broccoli in small amounts to avoid attracting fruit flies or creating strong odors. Successful worm bins provide: - Moisture. - Air. - Worm food. - Darkness. - Warm temperatures between 55 degrees and 77 degrees F. Avoid areas that might reach below freezing or over 90? F that can kill the worms. The bin needs to be at least 8 inches deep since worms live in the upper 6 inches of soil. Newspapers or leaves provide bedding – soak with water then squeeze out excess. Be sure to have a lid to protect from insects and rodents. Harvest worm castings in 3 to 6 months. - Begin harvest by moving material to one side. - Apply supplemental bedding and new food sources in the cleared side. - Only bury kitchen scraps in the fresh bedding side. After several weeks, begin to harvest the first side as the worms move to the fresh location. - After removing all the worm castings, replenish area with fresh bedding material. View Compost Bins at CompostBins.com Companion Planting Companion planting, the growing of multiple types of plants in close proximity in order to capitalize on complementary growth patterns, offers a natural and ecologically sensitive way to increase the vitality and productivity of a garden. As an alternative to chemical fertilizers and soil enrichments, companion planting offers a safe and effective way to optimize the yield of garden crops, a systematic approach to pest control, and a method of fostering the growth of young and tender plants. Practiced since the dawn of agriculture, partnering plants with complementary qualities and characteristics predates the use of modern, potentially harmful agricultural methods. Companion planting schemes can function in a variety of ways. Gardeners use some plants for their physical qualities: tall stalks can provide shade for young seedlings or a bulky, dense plan can act as a decoy to prevent pests from devouring a food crop. Other plants figure into garden plans because of their helpful qualities, such as attracting desirable insect life or repelling species that can threaten vulnerable vegetables. Some inedible plants cultivated in gardens improve the soil for future use in producing foodstuffs. Charts and reference books provide time-tested pairings that can optimize the output of gardens of any size. Developed over centuries by generations of farmers and perfected by today’s advanced farming techniques, companion planting provides a natural and effective way to maximize the output of crops by pairing plants with complementary growth patterns. Common Grass Seeds Deciding on what type of grass seed you want for your lawn is a personal choice. There are many cultivars of grass seed to choose from. However, the area in which you live may limit what choices are available to you. To find a grass seed most appropriate to the area in which you live, you will need to know your location’s zone. Knowing your zone The US is split up into 8 different climate zones. Zone 1 includes warm climate areas such as Florida and the Gulf region. Zone 4 includes areas such as the Midwest and upper Midwest. To find your climate zone, consult a zone map, which can be found on the internet. This will help you determine what types of seed can be grown in your area. Common cool-season grass seeds If you live in cool season zone, here is some practical information concerning common cultivars. Most cool season northern states use a mixture of grass types. If general, all of these grasses will brown in summer if they are not given sufficient amounts of water. - Kentucky Bluegrass is one of the more popular cool season grasses. This kind of bluegrass seed is both inexpensive and costs very little to maintain. It produces a dense, green sod, with smooth stems that are medium to fine in texture. Kentucky bluegrass grows in almost any type of soil, and is classified as aggressive. Its one major drawback is that it does not do well in drought conditions. It should be mowed to 2 inches in height. - Fescue consists of two main cultivars: tall and creeping. Both kinds grow well in slightly acidic, slightly sandy, well-drained soils. This means that they can withstand drought well. Fescue ranges in texture from fine to medium, and stays green year-round. It is an extremely shade tolerant grass, and is often mixed with Kentucky bluegrass. - Ryegrass is one of the most common seed types planted in areas that are particularly cold, such as Minnesota or Maine. It grows in green, tight bunches, and is either annual or perennial. Both annual and perennial grow quickly, like ryegrass. Because it grows in clumps, it is rarely uniform in appearance. Hot summers can cause it to turn yellow. It is often combined with fescue or crabgrass. Common warm-season grass seeds Warm season grasses are often grown in the southern states. In general, they require less water than cool season grasses. Here are some common types used in lawns. - Zoysia is extremely popular right now. It is often sold as sod, as seeds are not readily available, making it more expensive. Zoysia produces a dense, green turf. It prefers full sun, and will turn yellow in colder climates. Easy to maintain, zoysia grows very slowly and only needs to be mowed every 10 to 14 days. - Bermuda is a fast growing, dense, and dark green in color. Seed is available in both common and improved varieties. Bermuda spreads by rhizomes and stolons. It is highly drought-resistant, but will turn brown during colder months. Bermuda is considered aggressive; once established, it is hard to get rid of. On the upside, it is fast repairing. - St. Augustine is a dark green grass that is course in texture. It grows well in both salty and alkaline soils, and can withstand ocean salt water well. St. Augustine prefers sunny areas, and doesn’t thrive in shady areas. As seeds can be hard to find, it is often planted as sod or sprigs. If fertilized well, St. Augustine is naturally weed-resistant. Cleaning Seeds: A Few Methods And Tips First, use proper collection techniques and you’ll spare yourself a lot of tiresome labor. Collect the seed when they are mature or if you collect them on stalks, clusters, flowers or pods, let the seed fully mature and dry so far as they can where they are. A simple shake of the pod etc into a paper bag or bucket will loosen the seeds. There should be a minimum of extra material that will take up your time and attention. Second, make the technique fit the seed. If you’re collecting flower seeds that mature in hard husks, hang the seed head out on a freezing night or two with a bucket below the head. The action of the cold causes the seeds to pop themselves free of the hard husk and drop into your container. Wild moist fruits, or heritage type tomato seeds can be a problem. Puree the fruit cover with a paper towel and let the liquid ferment a day or three. Then strain out the seeds and dry them. Some seeds mature on a flower, wait, then when they are ready, gently blow, pick, or tap them free. The key? Let nature and natural processes do your work when possible. Third, utilize proper screens. Some collections have another collection besides seed, and they’re called screens. Screen of various gauges are available. Gauge represents the size of the holes in the screen mesh. Using proper sized sceens to sift the material large debris may be separated from the miniscule seeds you are seeking. Careful slow work with attention to detail is required. Now as to the final step sometimes required (as the Bible says, “separating the wheat from the chaff”) a small fan is your best bet. (A gale force wind outside could quickly destroy you seed collection) Working carefully and from a good distance at first slowly let the seed and chaff drift from one screen to another. The lighter (a relative term) chaff will separate from the desired seeds. (Vibration plates can also do the trick, so you could choose to look into that kind of equipment when you’re ready to dedicate yourself to the preservation of wild, and domestic seed.) This is where real experience and patience pays off. Fourth, don’t become too much of a perfectionist. A certain amount of chaff and debris is almost inevitable for the home collector. Know when the level of cleaning is sufficient and don’t drive yourself batty – or blind – trying for the elusive 100% standard. Hobbies and avocations are supposed to be enjoyable. Remember that. Cleaning Planters Planters are great vessels for portable gardening. Cleaning planters is a relatively easy endeavor that keeps your containers beautiful and your plants healthy. Everybody inside! Cleaning planters is an involved project. Planters, especially porous glazed clay and terra-cotta, should be brought inside. Moisture collects deep inside pores, so when the freeze comes, planters crack. Wooden decorative planters such as wheelbarrow planters can stay outside. Cleaning planters outside can be as involved as cleaning planters inside, so carry on with the following advice. Or everybody out! While cleaning planters, some gardeners empty their pots completely, replacing the old dirt with fresh soil in the spring. New plants love nutrient-rich soil. Also, old soil is compacted, and the roots cannot get air so easily. Exchanging soil make breathing a lot easier. Cleaning planters also alleviates another concern: Old soil is a breading ground for disease, weeds, and insects. A good scrub With the old dirt gone, cleaning planters goes full throttle. Spray the planter out with a powerful garden hose. Next, use a stiff-bristled brush and a diluted solution of bleach water to thoroughly scrub inside the planter. This brushing will remove salts and kill any germs or insect eggs hiding inside. Dishwashers are great for cleaning small planters. But I like these plants! Of course, you have those plants you want to keep. Planter scrubs needn’t be so devastating. Cleaning planters housing plants such as bonsai trees is easy. Use a mild soap and warm water to wipe off the planter. Any soil caking to the outside can be easily removed with a pocket knife. Be sure to check with your local garden supplier for proper soil care and inspection for your particular plant. Yearly maintenance will not only extend the life of a planter, it makes the plant inside healthier. Spend an afternoon cleaning planters, and the garden will be gorgeous for many seasons to come. Cactus Plant Care Another perennial plant type that is quite famous all over the world is cactus. Cacti are also known as low maintenance plants. It is the best indoor plant type, as they require little attention for their healthy growth. There is a wide variety of shapes, sizes and color of cactus. Cacti are called as perennial plants because they will be growing year after year. Cactus plant care Potting - Cactus should be placed under adequate sunlight. - They should be sowed in pots having a good drainage system. - Remove one inch of soil form the top. Replace it with gravel. - The soil should be a mixture of sand, peat and perlite. - Cactus growing vertically should be sowed in container whose diameter is half the height of the plant. - Cacti that are growing breadth wise should be grown on containers, which are having 2 inches of diameter extra than the plant. - Recently sowed or repotted plants have more chances of getting rot. - The soil should be dry enough while the sowing or repotting is been done. Watering should be done after a week so that the roots are healed within the time. Cactus grows very slowly. Some cactus takes a year to germinate and to know how they look like it takes again some years. They can breed through branches or from a part of the plant. The part of the plant is removed from the main plant and dried for 2 weeks. After the cut portion is healed then it is planted in shallow soil. Watering Cactus needs less watering so water them when they dry out. It is better to use clay pots without any glaze, as it needs less water than glazed or plastic pots. Most of the cactus plant type requires a period for rest so that they can flower the rest of the year. The exact time required for cactus plant keeps varying but in general it is within three months. They are quite friendly to the chill weather and during the winter they should be watered less with no fertilizer application. Build Your Own Garden Pond Because building someone else’s garden pond would be trespassing. Building your own garden pond is not as difficult as you might think. If you have opposable thumbs you can wield a shovel, and if you’re not legally blind you can properly position a pool liner. Often the most time-consuming part of building water garden ponds is filling them with water. So set your mind at ease, and read on for simple instructions on how to build your own garden pond. Purpose Chances are that if you’re standing in your backyard with shovel in hand, you’ve already decided why you like garden ponds. Then again, if it’s after midnight and you have a beer in the other hand, your reasons might be a little too impulsive. The purpose of garden ponds plays a significant role in garden pond designs. If you want fish, your pond should be deeper and larger. If you want water lilies, it should be positioned for maximum sun. Above ground or in ground One more digression: many first-timers decide to purchase preformed above ground ponds. Above ground ponds are also simple to build. So if the in-ground thing seems a little daunting, try researching above ground water garden ponds. Building in ground garden ponds Begin by laying a garden house on the ground. Move it around until it resembles the shape you want your garden pond to be. Before you start digging, run through a quick mental checklist: - Is this the right size? - Is this the right location? - Am I sure there are no utility lines I’m going to “discover”? - Do I know the exact depth this garden pond needs to be? The commonest mistake at this point is for garden ponds to be sized too small. A good rule of thumb to follow is that garden ponds will look about one-third smaller than you initially expect. However, that doesn’t mean you should turn your backyard into a tribute to Waterworld. Now you dig. Create a shelf or shallows by digging a perimeter that slopes to about one foot wide and one foot deep. This encourages birds to visit garden ponds. Unless you want fish, water garden ponds don’t need to be much deeper than 18 inches anyway. Once you’re achieved the shape you want, dig any needed ditches for pond skimmers, filters, or waterfalls, for example from a submersible pump/skimmer to an external filter/waterfall. Liner notes There was a time when concrete was the favored liner for garden ponds, but not anymore. Flexible synthetic or rubber pond liners are going to be easier for you to position than rigid ones. We recommend putting a layer of sand or roofing foam between the soil and your garden pond liner to provide a cushion to prevent rupturing. Put the water garden pond liner in the excavated hole and unfold it, smoothing out wrinkles without being obsessive-compulsive. Connect the pond liner to the skimmer if you have one, and hold the liner in place with rocks set around the perimeter of the hole. How much time you spend on this depends on how natural you want your water garden pond to look. A more organic appearance can be achieved if you’ve dug a slope that permits multiple layers of stone. Water time Once you’ve completed any excavations necessary for skimmers or waterfalls, it’s time to fill your garden pond. Fill slowly, allowing the liner to gradually conform to the shape of the ground. If your garden pond liner is sticking out over the pool edge, don’t trim it until after the pond has filled. The weight of the water should pull it down as it fills. Benefits Of Compost Composting gives new meaning to the expression dirt-cheap. It is environmentally friendly and provides good land stewardship by reducing: - Yard waste collection costs. - Household waste collection costs by rerouting most kitchen scraps to the compost pile. - Gardening costs by providing a renewable nutrient soil source. Many communities now have composting programs using residential yard waste. Composting basics The secret to good compost is: - Layering. - Layering. - Layering. Composting occurs when organic waste is mixed with air and moisture, allowing decomposition into a multipurpose, nutrient rich, gardening instrument. Both air and water are needed to allow the microorganisms to break down the material. Alternate carbon and nitrogen material layers: Nitrogen sources: - Grass clippings. - Manure. - Alfalfa meal. - Cottonseed meal. - Coffee grounds. - Tea bags. - Spoiled juice. - Wilted fresh flower bouquets. - Feathers. Carbon sources: - Leaves. - Shredded newspaper. - Pizza or other food contaminated cardboard boxes not suitable for recycling. - Dried flowers. - Bread. - Cereal. - Beans. - Spices. Since smaller pieces breakdown more quickly, it is well worth the effort to hand shred materials before composting. Pound broccoli stalks to speed decomposition. Consider a chipper for reducing yard waste before composting. Contact local coffee shops for used coffee grounds, which are often available to the public when the request is called ahead. Bury citrus rinds in the compost pile to minimize fruit flies. To ensure air circulation allowing microorganisms to work effectively, construct compost bin using: - Chicken wire. - Cinder blocks. - Lattice work or snow fencing. Select a location that will receive some shade to prevent overheating. A beginning formula for yard waste compost: Layer 6 inches of leaves, 2 inches of manure, and 1 inch soil mixed with limestone. Composting is too smelly Even excellent compost produces odors. However, strong odors may indicate an imbalance in materials or too much moisture. - Review the mix of carbon and nitrogen sources and adjust as necessary. - Compost moisture should be wet without dripping when squeezed. - Add dry material, such as dried leaves, if a rotten egg odor is evident, indicating excessive moisture. - Ending the layers with a soil-limestone cover helps minimize odors. - Many commercially available compost bins are closed to accelerate the composting process while reducing odors. Care and use Turn compost every two to three weeks to reactivate processing, as the microorganisms will consume the available oxygen and need additional aeration to maintain maximum efficiency. - Add water to dry areas when turning compost. - Slow activity may indicate need for more moisture or more nitrogen material. - Earthworm activity a good productivity indicator. After three to four weeks, depending on conditions, begin using the compost. - Apply only the fine material. - Return large chunks to the pile for further processing. - Provide organic matter wherever needed in the garden. - In drier climates use compost as a nutrient providing mulch. - Also an excellent potting soil. Use an additive to accelerate decomposition if desired. What not to compost To avoid attracting unwanted animals to your garden area always bury food scraps in the compost pile and avoid adding: - Fish. - Meat scraps. - Bones. - Dairy products. - Fatty foods. - Oils. Materials not suitable to compost: - Pet manure. - Metals. - Plastics. - Glass. - Large amounts of sawdust. - Weeds with seeds. Special systems are available to breakdown pet manure. 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How To Create A Bonsai Tree How To Create A Bonsai Tree Many kinds of trees, plants and shrubs can be made into a bonsai. A bonsai is a miniature version of a tree planted in a pot. Japanese maples are ideal deciduous trees for creating beautiful bonsai. Using a method called air layering, it is very easy to make a branch sprout roots that will support it after separation from the tree. By selecting a nicely shaped branch, you can start a bonsai tree that will bring years of enjoyment. Here’s how to create a tree that would normally take five years or more to develop from seed or cuttings. STEPS - Select the species of tree. When selecting a tree species its important to consider your geographic location. Some trees lose their leaves in the winter and require the temperature to drop below freezing so that they can enter a dormant state and prepare for the spring. Other trees will not survive long in the freezing weather. Some trees will require a lot of water during a hot summer while others are heat hardy. Research the kind of trees that do well in your area. - Select the size of your bonsai. Bonsai trees can be as anywhere from miniature (6 inches tall) to large bonsai (up to 3 ft tall). Decide what size bonsai you would like before actually going out to select the plant. - Select the plant. Once you have decided which kind and what size bonsai you would like, you can go to a nursery or a bonsai shop and select the plant that you will use to make your bonsai tree. When choosing a plant, look for leaf color to make sure that the plant is healthy. Then look around at the selection of plants and imagine what each plant would look like after it is pruned. It’s important to visualize the bonsai before you buy the plant and bring it home. You do not want to bring a plant home only to decide that it isn’t immediately suitable to be a bonsai. - Select a pot. Selecting the right pot has a lot to do with the desired size and style of the plant. Select a shape and color that you personally find aesthetically pleasing. The pot must be large enough to allow enough soil to cover the roots of the plant. You do not want to have such a small amount of soil in the pot that the tree roots can not retain moisture. You will kill the plant if you do not have a large enough pot. At the same time, you want to maintain the illusion of nature and select a pot just large enough to support the tree. The idea of a bonsai is to balance the pot with the plant and make the plant look like a miniature tree. Some bonsai pots do not come with pre-drilled drainage holes. If you do not have a drill that will cut through ceramic, then make sure you purchase a pot with pre-drilled drainage holes. - Prepare the tree. Prune the tree to the desired shape. Wire any branches that need to be wired. Remove the plant from its existing pot and water the roots. Most of the roots will be cut before the plant is repotted into the bonsai pot. Cut away enough roots so that the root system can fit securely in the new pot with the proper amount of soil. - Pot the tree. Install mesh screens over the drainage holes to prevent soil erosion. Add some soil to the pot and then place the tree into the pot. Before covering the top of the roots with soil position the tree in the desired orientation. Run a heavy gauge wire from the bottom of the pot through the drainage holes on the bottom of the pot. Tie the wire around the root system in order to hold the plant in place. Finish adding soil to the pot. If it is warm out, make sure to keep the newly planted tree watered well until the roots get established in the new pot. - Experiment. You can experiment with many kinds of trees, plants and shrubs. Try making bonsai with plants native to your area. - Join a club. If you can’t find a local one, there is one online called the Internet Bonsai Club. लामा औँला भएकाहरु खतरनाक चालक लामा औँला भएकाहरु खतरनाक चालक लामा औँला भएका व्यक्तिहरु कार दौडाउनमा बढी नै रुचि लिने र तिनीहरुले खतरनाक तरिकाले गाडी ओभरटेक गर्ने तथा अवैधानिक तरिकाले पार्किङ गर्ने गरेको एउटा अध्ययनले देखाएको छ । टेस्टोस्टेरोन हार्मोनका कारणले मानिसको शरीर कस्तो हुने भन्ने निश्चित गर्ने भएकाले औँलाका लम्बाई गर्भैमा टुङ्गो लाग्ने अध्ययनले सुझाएको छ । यसअघि गरिएका केही अध्ययनले पनि साइँली औँलाको आकार र प्रकारले व्यवहार र स्वास्थ्यमा शक्तिशाली हुने वा नहुने भन्ने कुराको निधो गर्ने बताएका थिए । गर्भमा रहँदा टेस्टोस्टेरोन हार्मोनले काम गर्ने र पछि जीवनमा दिमागले काम गर्ने गरेको अध्येताहरुले बताएका छन् । जर्मनीको युनिभर्सिटी अफ मानिएजका अध्ययेताहरुले ७७ जना अनुमानित ३८ वर्षो चालकहरुमाझ गरेको अध्ययनले यो कुरालाई पुट दिएको हो । ७७ जनाको विगत पाँच वर्षो ड्राइभिङ इतिहास अध्ययन लामा औँला भएका चालकहरुले एकदेखि २० पटकसम्म विभिन्न नियम उल्लङ्घन गरेको पाइएको थियो । हालै प्रकाशन गरिएको “एक्सिडेन्ट एनालिसिस एण्ड प्रिभेन्सन” अध्ययनमा यो कुराको उल्लेख गरिएको हो । लामो साइँली औँला भएको व्यक्तिले बढी दर्घटना गराउन सक्ने सम्भावना रहने हुनाले गर्भमै हार्मोनको गडबडीबाट बचाउने प्रयास गर्नुपर्छ । The Super-Slim New Laptop Apple CEO Steve Jobs holds an envelope containing the new MacBook Air during his keynote at the MacWorld Conference in San Francisco. The super-slim new laptop is less than an inch thick and turns on the moment it’s opened. MacBook Air measures 0.16 inches (0.4cm) at its thinnest point while its maximum height of 0.76 inches (1.93cm) is less than the thinnest point on competing notebooks. A new MacBook Air ultra thin laptop sits on display at the MacWorld Conference & Expo in San Francisco. Attendees look at the new MacBook Air at the MacWorld Conference in San Francisco. The super-slim new laptop is less than an inch thick and turns on the moment it’s opened. Fish Robot to detect Pollution in the Ocean London – A group of sophisticated robot ready to roam in the ocean to detect pollution. But the author may need the alert so this expensive robot is not catched by fishermen because they look like real fish. AFP, the fish robot is made by the researchers in the UK and will be operated in Spain. With length 1.5 meters, the robot provided detectors to identify the sources of marine pollution, such as ships, oil tankers or chemicals in the water. The robots cost around 20,000 Pounds Sterling per unit. This Robots that can operate independently and is designed to explore the ocean within a few months. Take about 3 years for the researchers at Essex University to do so. Professor Huosheng Hu as one of inventor states that a robot is expected to prevent the spread of pollution to track the source. If the experiment is successful, the robot will be used in various parts of the world to do the same mission तपाइँले थाहा नपाएका सिने-फ्याक्ट्स सिन्दूर नेपालमा धेरै लामो समयसम्म चल्ने चलचित्र हो । यो २०३४ मंसीर १० गतेदेखि चल्न शुरु गरेकोमा लगातार ६ महिनासम्म चलेको थियो । दर्पण छायाँ उपत्यकाभन्दा बाहिर पहिलो पटक सय दिन मनाउने चलचित्र हो । वसन्ती २०५७ सालभित्र उपत्यकामा प्रदर्शित नेपाली चलचित्रमध्ये सय दिन पार गर्ने पहिलो चलचित्र हो । तँ त साह्रै नै बिग्रिस् नि बद्री र आफ्नो मान्छे आठ वटा हलहरुमा एक साथ ५१ दिन पूरा गर्ने चलचित्रको रर्ेकर्ड राखेका थिए । कुसुमे रुमाल नेपाली चलचित्रको इतिहासमा पहिलो पटक रजत जयन्ती मनाउने चलचित्र हो । पहिलो सिनेमास्कोप चलचित्र राँको र यसका निर्देशक किशोर राना हुन् भने दोस्रो सिनेमास्कोप चलचित्र माइली हो । नेपाली चलचित्रमा पहिलो पटक दोहोरो भूमिका -डबल रोल) गर्ने कलाकार गोपालराज मैनाली हुन् । उनले जीवनरेखाका लागि बलवीर र वीरबलको भूमिका निभाएका थिए भने राजेश हमालको पहिलो डबल रोल भएको चलचित्र गोपीकृष्ण, कृष्टी मैनालीको लक्ष्मीपूजा र निखिल उप्रेतीको क्रोध हो । नेपाल बाहिर बनेको पहिलो नेपाली चलचित्र सत्य हरिश्चन्द्र हो भने यसका निर्देशक डीबी परियार हुन् । निजी लगानीमा पहिलो पटक बनेको चलचित्र माइतीघर हो । जसमा लता मंगेशकरले पहिलो र अन्तिम पटक नेपाली गीत गाएकी छिन् । पहिलो चलचित्र सम्पादक -फिल्म एडिटर) तर्ीथलाल श्रेष्ठ हुन् । उनले चलचित्र कुमारीका लागि सम्पादन गरेका थिए । यसअघि भारतीय सम्पादकले नेपाली चलचित्र सम्पादन गर्ने गर्थे । भारतको प्रसिद्ध चलचित्र सम्बन्धी प्रशिक्षण दिने फिल्म एण्ड टेलिभिजन इन्स्िटच्यूट अफ इण्डिया पुनाबाट लागि प्रशिक्षण लिने पहिलो नेपाली प्रेमबहादुर बस्नेत हुन् । उनले चलचित्रको पटकथामा सन् १९६५ मा प्रशिक्षण लिएका थिए । उनले कुमारी निर्देशन गरेका थिए र कुमारी पहिलो नेपाली रंगीन चलचित्र हो । पुना इन्स्िटच्यूटबाट छायाँकनमा पहिलो पटक प्रशिक्षण लिने छायाँकार वैकुण्ठ मास्के हुन् । नेपालमा पहिलो पटक प्रशोधन र छपाईँ -प्रिन्ट तयार गर्ने कार्य) गरिएको चलचित्र रक्षा हो । नेपालमा पहिलो पटक प्रिन्ट निकालिएका चलचित्र चोखोमाया हो । यसका निर्देशक राजविक्रम शाह हुन् । नेपालमा पहिलो पटक मिक्सिङ गरिएको चलचित्र प्रतीक्षा हो । यसका निर्देशक राजविक्रम शाह हुन् । नेपालभित्रै डबिङ गरिएको पहिलो चलचित्र सिन्दूर हो । सबैभन्दा उच्च हिमाली भेगमा छायाँकन गरिएको पहिलो चलचित्र झुमा हो । पहिलो पटक विदेशमा छायाँकन गरिएको चलचित्र कस्तुरी हो । चलचित्रबाट घाटा भएर त्यसले घरमा तनाव भई विष खाई आत्महत्या गर्ने पहिलो निर्माता नवीन केसी मानिन्छ । जसले माइतीघर बन्नुअघि नै कहीँ दियो कहीँ बत्ती चलचित्र बनाउने प्रयास गरेका थिए । तर चलचित्र बनाएर नै घाटाका कारण आत्महत्या गर्ने पहिलो निर्माता रक्षा चलचित्रका मोहन वैद्य हुन् । उनले २०५० साल कात्तिक २ गते विष खाई आत्महत्या गर्न पुगेका थिए । उनलाई पछ्याउँदै २०५१ साउन १९ गते संकल्प चलचित्रका निर्माताले आत्महत्या गरेका थिए । गायक उदितनारायण झाले नेपाली चलचित्र निर्माण गरेका थिए । २०४४ सालमा निर्माण शुरु गरिएको पिरती नामक उक्त चलचित्रमा उदित स्वयम् तथा नवीना श्रेष्ठ, गौरी मल्लको भूमिका थियो भने चलचित्रलाई चन्द्रप्रकाश घिमिरेले निर्देशन गरेका थिए । घिमिरेद्वारा निर्देशित यो पहिलो चलचित्र हो भने उनी चर्चित छायाँकारका रुपमा परिचित छन् । गायिका मनीला सोताङले आफ्नो बिहेअघि नै २०४४ सालमा चलचित्र अन्यायका लागि गाएकी थिइन् । चलचित्र निर्माता तथा निर्देशकका रुपमा परिचित युवराज लामाले चलचित्र भाग्यरेखाका लागि पहिलो र अन्तिम पटक नृत्य निर्देशकको जिम्मेवारी निभाएका थिए । चलचित्र निर्माता उद्धव पौडेलले गीतकारको रुपमा आफ्नो चलचित्र तिलहरीको लागि गीत लेखेका थिए । मनीषा कोइरालाले पहिलो र अन्तिम पटक खेलेको नेपाली चलचित्र फेरि भेटौँला हो । उनले त्यस चलचित्रमा खेलेबापत ५० हजार रुपियाँ लिएकी थिइन् । त्यो रकम त्यसबेलाको सबैभन्दा महंगो मानिन्थ्यो । शम्भुजीत बासकोटाले पहिलो पटक चलचित्रमा पूर्ण रुपमा संगीत दिएको चलचित्र हो माया । यसअघि उनी शुभबहादुर सुनामसँग मिलेर सङ्गीत दिने गर्दथे । यो जोडीले संगीत दिएको प्रथम चलचित्र के घर के डेरा थियो । प्रसिद्ध नाटककार अशेष मल्लले चलचित्रका लागि संवाद पनि लेखेका छन् । उनले पहिलो पटक चलचित्र भाग्यरेखाका लागि लेखेका थिए । पछि चेलीबेटीका लागि सहलेखन गरेका थिए । चलचित्र निर्माता निर्देशक युवराज लामाले पहिलो पटक द्वन्द्व निर्देशकको रुपमा चलचित्र विजयपराजयका लागि काम गरेका थिए । लामा कराँतेतर्फा ब्ल्याकबेल्ट उपाधिधारी पनि हुन् । अहिले ब्ल्याक लिस्टमा परेका पर्ूव गृहमन्त्री कमल थापाले पहिलो पटक चलचित्रका लागि युगदेखि युगसम्मका लागि गीत लेखेका थिए । भारतीय चलचित्रका नामूद कलाकार डेनीले पहिलो पटक नेपाली चलचित्र अन्यायका लागि गाएका थिए भने अन्तिम पटक उनले चलचित्र तृष्णामा गाएका थिए । ‘मैले नेपाली चलचित्र उद्योगका सबै जनासँग रात बिताएको छु’ भनेर विवादमा परेका निर्माता समुद्र भट्टचनले पहिलो पटक देउकी निर्माण गरेका थिए । टेलिभिजनका प्रख्यात कार्यक्रम निर्माता निर्देशक सन्तोष पन्तले पहिलो पटक चलचित्र चाहनाको कथा लेखेका थिए । अहिलेका चर्चित चलचित्र निदर्ेशक शिव रेग्मीले पहिलो पटक चलचित्र मोहनीको कथा लेखेका थिए भने उनले पहिलो पटक चलचित्र आफन्तको निर्देशन गरेका थिए । सुमित्रा पौडेल, जो उद्धव पौडेलकी श्रीमती र सयपत्री फिल्म्सकी संस्थापक पनि थिइन्, उनले लगभग १० वर्षो चलचित्र निर्माणको क्रममा जयबाबा पशुपतिनाथ नामक धार्मिक चलचित्रमा मात्र अभिनय गरेकी थिइन् । संसारको सानो किताब क्यानडाका खोजकर्ताहरुले हालै संसारको सबैभन्दा सानो प्रकाशित किताब फेला पारेको बताएका छन् । एउटा विरुवाका विषयमा लेखिएको यो पुस्तक पढ्नका लागि इलेक्ट्रोन माइक्रोस्कोप चाहिने खोजकर्ताहरुले बताएका छन् । ‘टिनी टेड फ्रम टर्निप टाउन’ नामक यो पुस्तकको आकार ०.०७X०.१० मिलिमिटर सानो रहेको बताइएको छ । यसमा रहेका अक्षरलाई गेलियमले कुँदिएको छ । गेलियममा रहने क्रिष्टेलिन सिलिकनका कारण अक्षरहरु चम्किने र माइक्रोस्कोप लगाई पढ्न सरल हुने सिमोन फ्रेजर युनिभर्सिटीले बताएको छ ।दुइ मिलिमिटरको एउटा सानो काँटीको टाउको भन्दा पनि सानो आकारको उक्त पुस्तिकाले यसअघिको गिनिज विश्व रेकर्डलाई समेत चुनौति दिएको छ । यसअघि सन् २००१ मा किङ जेम्स बाइबललाई संसारकै सबैभन्दा सानो पुस्तिकामा ढालिएको थियो भने त्यसपछि सन् २००२ मा एन्तोन चेखवको क्यामेलिअनलाई त्योभन्दा सानो पुस्तिका आकारमा प्रकाशन गरिएको थियो । यी दुवै ‘नानोबुक’ ३० वटा माइक्रो ट्याब्लेटमा बनाइएको थियो । शान्ति सम्झौताको एक वर्ष – २३४ को हत्या सरकार र माओवादीबीच शान्ति सम्झौता भएको एक वर्ष बितिसके पनि हत्या र गम्भीर मानव अधिकार उल्लंघनका घटनाहरू जारी छन् । गत वर्ष मंसिर ५ मा शान्ति सम्झौता भएयता राज्य, माओवादी र अन्य समूहले गरी २ सय ३४ जनाको हत्या गरेको अनौपचारिक क्षेत्र सेवा केन्द्र -इन्सेक) ले जनाएको छ । राज्यबाट २८, माओवादीबाट २२ र माओवादीकै युवा संगठन वाईसीएलबाट एक व्यक्ति मारिएका छन् । यसमा माओवादीले छाडेको घरेलु बम विस्फोटमा परी जेठ १५ गते पाल्पामा मारिएका नौ जनासमेत जोडिएको छ । त्यस्तै मधेसी जनअधिकार फोरमबाट ३३, जनतान्त्रिक तराई मुक्ति मोर्चाबाट २, जनतान्त्रिक तराई मुक्ति मोर्चा -गोइत) बाट १८ र ज्वाला सिंहबाट २७ व्यक्तिको हत्या भएको छ । संयुक्त जनतान्त्रिक तराई मुक्ति मोर्चाबाट ३, तराईका अन्य समूहबाट ५ र अज्ञात समूहले १५ जनाको हत्या गरेका छन् । यो अवधिमा ७ सय ७२ जनालाई अपहरण गरिएको छ । अपहरणमा राज्यबाहेक हत्यामा संलग्न सबै पक्ष संलग्न छन् । सम्झौता यता ५ सय ४८ कुटपिट, २ सय ४४ धम्की र २ सय ७९ घटनामा सम्पत्ति कब्जा गरिएको इन्सेकद्वारा बुधबार जारी विज्ञप्तिमा उल्लेख छ । शान्ति सम्झौता अनुगमन गरिरहेको अधिकारवादी संस्था पपुलेसन वाच/इन्हुरेड इन्टरनेसनलले सम्झौता पालना नभएकाले आम जनतामा अझै डर, त्रास र चिन्ता रहेको जनाएको छ । वाचले बुधबार राजधानीमा सार्वजनिक गरेको प्रतिवेदनमा राज्य र माओवादी दुवै पक्ष सम्झौता उल्लंघनमा संलग्न रहेको उल्लेख छ । ‘राज्यभन्दा पनि माओवादी सम्झौता उल्लंघनको घटनामा बढी उद्यत देखिएको छ,’ प्रतिवेदनमा छ । प्रतिवेदन सार्वजनिक गर्ने क्रममा अधिकारकर्मीहरूले शान्ति सम्झौतालाई सरकार र माओवादी कुनैले पनि स्थानीय निकायसम्म नपुर्याएको बताए । ‘शान्ति सम्झौता अप्ठ्यारो मोडमा छ,’ इन्हुरेड इन्टरनेसनलका अध्यक्ष गोपालकृष्ण सिवाकोटीले भने- ‘संक्रमणकालीन अवस्था भनेर आँखा चिम्लन सकिने अवस्था छैन, अवैधानिक कर, जबर्जस्ती चन्दा असुली, अपहरण र कुटपिट पछिल्लो समयमा बढेको छ ।’ वाचले पाँचै विकास क्षेत्रको एक/एक जिल्लालाई लिएर गत असारदेखि कात्तिकसम्मका घटनाहरूको अनुगमन गर्दा माओवादीबाट २ सय ४२ र राज्य पक्षबाट १२ उल्लंघनका घटना देखिएको जनाएको छ । राष्ट्रिय मानव अधिकार आयोगले पनि शान्ति सम्झौताका आधारभूत मानव अधिकारका विषयहरूमा दुवै पक्ष उदासीन रहेको जनाएको छ । ‘सम्झौताअनुसार राज्य र माओवादीले ६० दिनभित्र बेपत्ता बनाएकाहरूको स्थिति सार्वजनिक गर्ने, कब्जामा लिएका घरजग्गा फिर्ता गर्ने तथा विस्थापितलाई पुनःस्थापनाको व्यवस्था गर्नेलगायत प्रतिबद्धता पूरा गरेका छैनन्,’ आयोगका संरक्षण तथा अनुगमन महाशाखा प्रमुख यज्ञ अधिकारीले कान्तिपुरसँग भने- ‘यसले गर्दा दण्डहीनताको अवस्था आएको छ ।’ आयोगमा ६ सय ४२ राज्यको सुरक्षा फौज र २ सय ८४ माओवादीबाट बेपत्ता बनाएको उजुरी छ । आयोग र अन्य अधिकारवादी संस्थाका प्रतिनिधिहरूले पछिल्लो समयमा मानव अधिकार रक्षकहरूमा समेत त्रास बढेको बताएका छन् । तराईका जिल्लामा सशस्त्र समूहहरूले अधिकार रक्षकलाई समेत निसाना बनाएको उनीहरूले बताए । इन्हुरेडका अध्यक्ष सिवाकोटीले महेन्द्रनगरका पत्रकार प्रकाश ठकुरीको अपहरण प्रतिवेदन सार्वजनिक गरेपछि अधिकारकर्मीलाई धम्की आएको जनाए । माओवादी नेता मोहन वैद्यले भने शान्ति सम्झौताप्रति आफूहरू इमानदार रहेको उल्लेख गर्दै अनुशासनका केही पक्षमा कमजोरी भएको बताए । ‘सरकारले सुरक्षा प्रत्याभूति दिन नसक्दा समस्या देखा परेको हो,’ उनले भने- ‘हामीले आफ्नातर्फबाट पूर्ण इमानदारीका साथ सम्झौता पालना गरेका छौं ।’ बाँझोपनको पनि उपचार हुन्छ सिन्धुलीकी २४ वर्षीया रुक्मिणीको विवाह भएको दुई वर्षसम्म पनि सन्तान नभएपछि विभिन्न ठाउँमा भाकल गर्नुका साथै औषधि उपचार पनि सुरु गरियो तर सन्तान भएनन्। स्वास्थ्य परीक्षण गर्दा उनमा कुनै खोट नभेटिएपछि पतिलाई पनि परीक्षणका लागि बोलाइयो तर शिक्षण पेसामा संलग्न उनका पतिले आफ्नो कुनै कमजोरी नभएकोले परीक्षणको जरुरत नै नपर्ने जिद्दी कसे। विवाह भएको ५ वर्षसम्म पनि सन्तान नभएपछि अरुको सल्लाहमा रुक्मिणीका पतिले अर्की विवाह गरे तर दोस्रो विवाह गरेको ३ वर्षमा पनि कुनै सन्तान नभएपछि बल्ल उनी जँचाउन गए। स्वास्थ्य परीक्षण गर्दा उनको शुक्रवाहिनी नली (शुक्रकीट बहने नली) बन्द भएको पत्ता लाग्यो। बन्द नलीको उपचारपछि उनका दुवै पत्नीबाट सन्तान भए तर आफ्नै अहम् र गल्तीका कारण दुईवटी पत्नीको लोग्ने बन्नुपरेकोमा उनलाई ग्लानि र पछुतो भयो। तर उनले सच्याउन नसकिने ठूलो भूल गरिसकेकाले पछुतो मान्नुको कुनै तुक थिएन। रुक्मिणी दम्पतीको जस्तै समाजमा धेरै मानिस बाँझोपन र यससँग सम्बन्धित अज्ञानता र अन्धविश्वासका कारण अनेक सामाजिक समस्या झेलेर बसिरहेका छन् भने केहीले बेलैमा उपचार गरी सन्तान पनि प्राप्त गरिरहेका छन्। सामाजिक समस्याको रुपमा बाँझोपन बाँझोपन विश्वव्यापी समस्या हो। विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठनका अनुसार विश्वका करिब ८ देखि १२ प्रतिशत मानिसले प्रजनन उमेरमा बाँझोपनको समस्याको अनुभव गर्छन्। नेपालमा बाँझोपनको समस्या कुन स्थितिमा छ भन्नेबारे विस्तृत अध्ययन नभए तापनि लगभग यस्तै स्थितिमा रहेको सम्बद्ध विज्ञहरुको अनुमान छ। अध्ययनअनुसार करिब ६ प्रतिशत नेपालीमा बाँझोपनको समस्या रहेको नेपाल परिवार नियोजन संघका कार्यक्रम निर्देशक डा. गिरिधारी शर्मा बताउनुहुन्छ। बाँझोपन महिला र पुरुष जसलाई पनि हुन सक्ने भए तापनि नेपालमा अज्ञानता र अन्धविश्वासका कारण यो समस्या महिलाहरुलाई नै हुन्छ भनेर लान्छना लगाउने गरिएको छ। यसले गर्दा विनाकारण धेरै महिलाले हीनताबोध र पारिवारिक तथा सामाजिक उपेक्षा खेप्नुपरिरहेको पाइन्छ। बाँझोपनको उपचारमा सम्लग्न निःसन्तान केन्द्रका प्रमुख डा. उमा श्रीवास्तव भन्नुहुन्छ- ँविवाह गरेको एक-दुई वर्षमा सन्तान भएन भने महिलालाई दोषी ठहर्याउने, अपहेलना गर्ने र उपचारका लागि महिलालाई नै पठाउने गरिन्छ। तर समस्या महिला-पुरुष दुवैलाई हुन सक्ने भएकाले दुवैलाई सँगै बोलाएर सोधपुछ, परीक्षण र आवश्यकताअनुसार उपचार गर्ने गरिएको छ।’ बाँझोपनको दोष महिलालाई मात्र दिने सामाजिक कुपरम्पराका साथै नेपालको कानुनले समेत यससम्बन्धमा भेदभावपूर्ण व्यवहार गरेको छ। यदि विवाह गरेको १० वर्षसम्म जीवित बच्चा जन्मेको छैन भने उनको पतिले विवाह गर्न पाउने व्यवस्था छ। नेपालको वर्तमान कानुनले पनि बाँझोपनको समस्या पुरुषमा पनि हुन सक्छ भन्ने सत्यतातर्फ ध्यान पुर्याएको पाइँदैन। नेपाल परिवार नियोजन संघका कार्यक्रम निर्देशक डा. गिरिधारी शर्मा भन्नुहुन्छ- ँबाँझोपन हुँदा पुरुषको परीक्षण नै नगरी महिलाको मात्र परीक्षण गर्ने, महिलालाई बहिष्कार गर्ने, कमजोर पार्ने, अर्की विवाह गर्ने कुसंस्कार छ, यसले ठूलो सामाजिक समस्या ल्याइरहेको छ। सहरी क्षेत्रमा दुवैले उपचार गर्ने चलन आए तापनि ग्रामीण क्षेत्रमा उपचारै नगरी विवाह गर्ने चलन अझै विद्यमान छ।’ बाँझोपनको समस्या आएमा दुवैको उपचार गर्दा अधिकांशको सन्तान हुन सक्ने दृष्टिकोण राखी नेपाल परिवार नियोजन संघले आफ्ना कार्यक्रम सञ्चालन गरिरहेको डा. शर्माले जानकारी दिनुभयो। वास्तवमा बाँझोपनको समस्या महिला र पुरुष दुवैलाई हुन सक्छ। अहिलेसम्मको अध्ययनअनुसार बाँझोपनको ३५ प्रतिशत कारणहरु महिलामा र ३५ प्रतिशत नै कारण पुरुषमा पाइएको छ। बाँकी ३० प्रतिशत कारण महिला-पुरुष दुवै -दम्पती)मा वा कारण नै पत्ता नलागेको स्थिति छ। यस्तो स्थितिमा बाँझोपनको कारण महिलालाई मात्र थोपर्नु कदापि उचित होइन। यसले बाँझोपनको समस्यालाई अझ लम्ब्याउँछ र महिलाहरुको मान मर्दन गर्छ। त्यसकारण बाँझोपनको अनुभव हुनासाथ दम्पतीले नै संयुक्तरुपमा स्वास्थ्य परीक्षण गराई सन्तान प्राप्तिको प्रयास गर्नु बुद्धिमानी हुन्छ। बाँझोपनसम्बन्धमा राम्रो जानकारी नभएका कारण पनि यो एउटा सामाजिक समस्याको रुपमा देखा परेको छ। सरकार र समाजले यसलाई त्यति महत्त्व नदिएको र सूचना प्रवाहमा कमी भएकाले बाँझोपनको उपचारको सम्भावना र उपचार गर्ने स्थानका बारेमा सर्वसाधारणमा राम्रो जानकारी छैन। बाँझोपनको उपचार विभिन्न सरकारी अस्पतालहरुमा हुने भए तापनि जनस्वास्थ्यका दृष्टिले जनचेतना जगाउने, रोकथाम गर्ने, प्रचारप्रसार गर्ने सरकारी कार्यक्रम हाल नभएको स्वास्थ्य सेवा विभाग परिवार स्वास्थ्य महाशाखाकी स्त्रीरोगविज्ञ डा. शीलु अर्याल बताउनुहुन्छ। नेपाल परिवार नियोजन संघले आफ्नो कार्यक्रम क्षेत्रमा सन् २००५ मा गरेको एक अध्ययनअनुसार १८.५ प्रतिशत प्रजनन उमेरका मानिसले बाँझोपनका बारेमा थाहा नपाएको बताएका थिए। यसमध्ये ७४ प्रतिशत पुरुष र ८९.४ प्रतिशत महिलाले मात्र यसबारेमा जानकारी पाएको बताएका थिए। त्यस्तैगरी ६८.३ प्रतिशत किशोर र ८५.८ किशोरीले यसबारेमा थाहा पाएको बताएका थिए। यसले बाँझोपनका बारेमा महिलालाई भन्दा पुरुषलाई कम ज्ञान भएको थाहा हुन्छ । त्यस्तैगरी २० प्रतिशत पुरुष र २६ प्रतिशत महिलालाई मात्र बाँझोपनको उपचार हुन सक्छ भन्ने थाहा भएको सर्वेक्षणमा पाइएको थियो। यी तथ्यांकले बाँझोपनसम्बन्धमा जनचेतनाका कार्यक्रमको अभाव महसुस हुन्छ। गर्भनिरोधक कुनै पनि साधन प्रयोग नगरेको र सन्तान प्राप्तिका लागि लगातार दुई वर्षसम्म प्रयत्न गर्दा पनि सन्तान भएन भने यस्तो अवस्थालाई बाँझोपन भनिन्छ। विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठनले विकसित देशमा एक वर्षर विकासोन्मुख मुलुकमा २ वर्षसम्म स्त्री-पुरुषसँगै बस्दा पनि सन्तान नभएको अवस्थालाई बाँझोपनको दायराभित्र राखेको छ। प्रजनन उमेरका स्त्री-पुरुषले एक वर्षसम्म लगातार प्रयत्न गर्दा पनि सन्तान नभएमा त्यस्ता दम्पतीले उपचारको सोचविचार गर्नु उपयुक्त हुन्छ। परिवार स्वास्थ्य महाशाखाका अनुसार सामान्यतया गर्भनिरोधका साधन प्रयोग गरेको छैन र गर्भ रोक्नका लागि कुनै विधि पनि अपनाइएको छैन भने विवाह गरेको ६ महिनाभित्र ८५ प्रतिशत महिला गर्भवती हुन्छन् र एक वर्षभित्र प्रायः सबै महिला गर्भवती हुन्छन्। कतिपय महिलाहरुचाहिँ गर्भधारण गरे पनि विविध कारणले भ्रूण खस्ने समस्याबाट पीडित हुन्छन्। यसको पनि उपचार गरी बाँझोपनको समस्याबाट मुक्त हुन सकिन्छ। अन्धविश्वासका कारण बाँझोपनलाई ँदैवी श्राप’, ँपूर्वजन्मको फल’ आदि भनेर महिलाहरुलाई कतिपय सामाजिक तथा सांस्कृतिक कार्यहरुमा सम्लग्न गराइँदैन र उपचारको प्रयास पनि गरिंदैन। उपचारको प्रयास गर्दा पनि महिलाहरुको मात्र गरिन्छ। तर बाँझोपनको कारण दैवी श्राप वा पूर्वजन्मको फल नभई विभिन्न स्वास्थ्य समस्याहरु हुन् र त्यसको उपचार पनि हुन सक्छ। त्यसकारण बाँझोपनको दोष एक-अर्कालाई लगाउनुभन्दा यसलाई साझा समस्या ठानेर दम्पतीले नै उपचारको प्रयास गर्नु उचित हुन्छ। बाँझोपनका कारण बाँझोपनको उपचारमा लामो समयदेखि संलग्न विशेषज्ञ तथा निःसन्तान केन्द्रकी प्रमुख डा. उमा श्रीवास्तव भन्नुहुन्छ- ँबाँझोपनको समस्या स्त्री-पुरुष दुवैमा उस्तै हुन्छ र बेलैमा उपचार गरे धेरैले सन्तान प्राप्त गर्न सक्छन्।’ पुरुषमा बाँझोपनको कारण डा. श्रीवास्तवका अनुसार विभिन्न कारणले गर्दा पुरुषमा बाँझोपनको समस्या देखिन सक्छ। शुक्रकीटको उत्पादन कम भएमा, वीर्यवाहिनी नली ट्युमर वा यौनरोग संक्रमणका कारण बन्द भएमा सन्तान प्राप्तिमा असर पर्छ। त्यस्तैगरी हर्निया, हाइड्रोसिलको अप्रेसन गरेको अवस्थामा शुक्रवाहिनी नलीमा असर पुग्न सक्छ। शरीरको विकास क्रममा पुरुष हर्मोन विकास हुने बेलामा हर्मोन असन्तुलित हुँदा अण्डकोषको विकास हुँदैन। यस्तै आमाको पेटमा हुँदा अण्डकोष शरीरभित्र हुन्छ र जन्मिदा बाहिर आउँछ। तर कसै-कसैमा बाहिर नआई भित्रै बस्छ र कसैमा आधा भित्र र आधा बाहिर हुन्छ। यस्तो अवस्थामा पनि पुरुष सन्तान उत्पादनका लागि सक्षम हुँदैन। बालक जन्मिएपछि अण्डकोष परीक्षण गरी उपचार गरेमा भविष्यमा बाँझोपनको समस्या आउँदैन। अण्डकोषको राम्रो विकास नभएको, अप्रेसनका कारण शुक्रवाहिनी नलीमा असर परेको तथा शुक्रकीट कम उत्पादन भएको अवस्थामा पनि उपचार गरी बाँझोपनको समस्या हटाउन सकिन्छ। कहिलेकाहीँ भाइरस संक्रमका कारण पनि अण्डकोष सुकेको हुन सक्छ। हाँडेरोग भाइरसका कारणले हुन्छ। यो रोग लागेको बेला भाइरस संक्रमण भई पेटको माथिल्लो भाग तथा अण्डकोष सुन्निने, दुख्ने हुन्छ र पछि अण्डकोष सुक्दै गई पहिलेको आकारभन्दा सानो हुन सक्छ। त्यसकारण हाँडेरोग भएको बेला अण्डकोष दुखेमा, सुन्निएमा तुरुन्तै डाक्टरलाई भेटिहाल्नुपर्छ। यस्तै शुक्रकीटहरु अण्डकोषबाट लिंगतर्फभएर आउने नली विभिन्न कारणले टालिन सक्छ। कुनै पुरुषलाई टी.बी. भएमा टी.बी.का कीटाणुहरु संक्रमण भई शुक्रवाहिनी नली टालिन सक्छ। यस्तै सिफलिस, गनोरिया, एचआईभी/एड्स आदि यौनसंर्सगबाट सर्ने यौनजन्य रोगका कारण पनि सन्तान उत्पादनमा बाधा पुग्न सक्छ। एड्सबाहेक अन्य रोगको उचार गरी सन्तान प्राप्त गर्न सकिन्छ। यौनजन्य रोगहरु पहिले नै लागेर निको भइसकेको भए तापनि ती रोगका कीटाणुले शुक्रवाहिनी नलीको प्वाल साँघुरो पार्ने वा टाल्ने काम गरेको हुन सक्छ। उपचारपछि यस्ता प्वाल खोल्न सकिन्छ। पुरुषहरुमा सन्तान उत्पादन क्षमता नहुनुका केही अज्ञात कारणहरु छन्। यी अज्ञात कारणहरुबाहेक उल्लिखित अधिकांश समस्याको उपचार गरी समाधान निकाल्न सकिन्छ। त्यसकारण बाँझोपनको समस्या देखिनासाथ सम्बन्धित स्वास्थ्य संस्थामा सम्पर्क गरी उपचार गरिहाल्नुपर्छ। महिलामा बाँझोपनको कारण डा. श्रीवास्तवका अनुसार महिलामा बाँझोपन आउनुका मुख्य कारणहरुमा डिम्बको विकास समयमै हुन नसक्नु, अनियमित महिनावारी, डिम्बवाहिनी नलीको विकास हुन नसक्नु तथा रोगका कारण साँघुरिनु वा टालिनु हुन्। डिम्बवाहिनी नली बन्द हुनुमा नलीभित्र गाँठाहरु आउनु, टी.बी.लगायत अन्य विभिन्न यौनरोगको संक्रमण पनि हुन सक्छ। यस्ता रोग लाग्नासाथ उपचार गरेमा समस्या नै आउँदैन। समस्या आइसकेको अवस्थामा बेलैमा उपचार गरी सन्तान प्राप्त गर्न सकिन्छ। असमयमै महिनावारी बन्द भएमा वा अनियमित भएमा तुरुन्त उपचार गर्नुपर्छ। यसले भविष्यमा बाँझोपन निम्त्याउन सक्छ। विवाहअघि नै महिनावारी अनियमित भएका युवतीहरु पनि अहिले आफ्नो क्लिनिकमा उपचार गराउन आइरहेको र यसले भविष्यमा आउन सक्ने बाँझोपनको समस्यालाई घटाउने डा. श्रीवास्तवको भनाइ छ। उहाँका अनुसार गर्भाधानका लागि मुख्य भूमिका खेल्ने अण्डको विकास समयमै नुहने समस्या बाँझोपनको प्रमुख कारणमध्ये रहेको छ। यसको पनि उपचार गरी समाधान गर्न सकिन्छ। साथै असुरक्षित गर्भपतन पनि बाँझोपनको कारण बनिरहेकाले आवश्यक परेको बेला सुरक्षित तथा स्वीकृत्रि्राप्त संस्थामा गई गर्भपतन गराउनुपर्छ। असुरक्षित गर्भपतन गराउँदा अण्डवाहिनी नली टालिने, पाठेघरमा प्वाल पर्ने भई भविष्यमा गर्भ नै नरहने हुन सक्छ। यसबाहेक केही अज्ञात कारणहरु पनि हुन सक्छन्। सामान्यतया बाँझोपनको उपचार गरी सन्तान प्राप्त गर्न सकिन्छ तर उपचारमा ढिलाइ गर्नु हुँदैन र जथाभावी उपचार गराउनुभन्दा सम्बन्धित विशेषज्ञकहाँ नै परीक्षण तथा उपचार गराउनु उचित हुन्छ। नेपालका पुरुष तथा महिलामा बाँझोपन देखिनुको एउटा कारण पोषणयुक्त खानाको कमी पनि हो। प्रजनन स्वास्थ्य राम्रो बनाउनका लागि पोषणयुक्त खानामा जोड दिनुपर्छ। पोषणयुक्त खाना भन्नाले रंगीचंगी र खोलमा प्याकिङ गरिएका सहरिया खाना भन्ने धेरैलाई भ्रम छ। तर स्थानीय रुपमा पाइने मकै, कोदो, गहुँ, फापर, कर्कलो, विभिन्न हरिया साग र तरकारीहरु, फलफूल, पाकेको फर्सी, भटमास, दाल आदि गेडागुडी अझ पोषिला हुन्छन्। यसका साथै मासु, माछा, अण्डा दूध पनि पोषणयुक्त खाद्यवस्तु हुन्। गाउँघरका धेरै मानिसले घरको कुखुरा, अण्डा, मेवा, केरालगायत मौसमी फलफूल, साग, तरकारी, दूध घिउ बेचेर सहरका भिटामिन, हर्लिक्स, चाउचाउलगायत विभिन्न खाद्यवस्तु किनेर उपभोग गरेको देखिन्छ। यो ज्यादै गलत विश्वास हो। साथै लागूपदार्थको दुर्व्यसन, धूमपान, मादकपदार्थको अधिक सेवनले पनि बाँझोपनको समस्या निम्त्याउन सक्ने भएकाले यस्ता कुलतबाट पनि बच्नुपर्छ। टी.बी. र यौनजन्य रोगहरुको बेलैमा उपचार गराएमा धेरै हदसम्म बाँझोपनबाट बच्न सकिन्छ। बाँझोपनको उपचार सम्बन्धित चिकित्सकहरुका अनुसार अधिकांश बाँझोपनको उपचार हुन्छ। अझ छिटो गर्न सके उपचार प्रभावकारी पनि हुन्छ, तर उपचार गराउन दम्पती नै जानुपर्छ। बाँझोपनको शंका हुनासाथ नजिकको स्वास्थ्य संस्थामा परामर्श गरी स्त्रीरोग विशेषज्ञकहाँ जँचाउनु राम्रो हुन्छ। त्यसमा पनि बाँझोपनको उपचारमा संलग्न विशेषज्ञकहाँ उपचार गराउनु बढी प्रभावकारी हुन्छ। परिवार स्वास्थ्य महाशाखाकी स्त्रीरोग विशेषज्ञ डा. शीलु अर्यालका अनुसार सबै सरकारी स्वास्थ्य संस्थाहरुबाट प्रजनन स्वास्थ्यसम्बन्धी सामान्य परामर्श सेवा पाइने भए तापनि उपचारात्मक सेवा अञ्चल तथा क्षेत्रीय अस्पतालहरुबाट प्राप्त गर्न सकिन्छ। यसका साथै प्रसूति गृह थापाथलीमा बाँझोपनसम्बन्धी विशेषज्ञ सेवा प्राप्त गर्न सकिन्छ। यहाँ बाँझोपनसम्बन्धी क्लिनिक सञ्चालित छ। सरकारले प्रजनन स्वास्थ्यका आठवटा मूल विषय तथा क्षेत्रहरु तोकेको र त्यसमा बाँझोपन (Sub fertility) समावेश भए तापनि उपचारात्मकबाहेक अन्य सेवा उपलब्ध गराएको छैन। तर निकट भविष्यमा नै २४ वटा जिल्लामा स्वास्थ्यकर्मीहरुलाई तालिम दिएर यससम्बन्धी परामर्श दिने, तहगतरुपमा सुविधाअनुसार सेवा दिने तयारी गरिएको डा. शीलु अर्यालले जानकारी दिनुभएको छ। यस्तैगरी नेपाल परिवार नियोजन संघले आफ्ना कार्यक्रम भएका ३२ वटा जिल्लामा ६५१ वटा क्लिनिकहरुमा प्रजनन स्वास्थ्यसम्बन्धी समस्या लिएर आउनेहरुलाई परापर्श दिने र आवश्यकतानुसार विशेषज्ञ भएका ठाउँमा पठाउने गरेको संघका कार्यक्रम निर्देशक डा. गिरिधारी शर्मा बताउनुहुन्छ। उहाँका अनुसार सन् २००६ मा संघको क्लिनिकहरुमा सेवा लिन आएका १३ लाख सेवाग्राहीमध्ये करिब २० हजार ८ सय जनालाई बाँझोपनसम्बन्धी परामर्श दिइएको थियो। त्यस्तैगरी स्त्रीरोग विशेषज्ञ भएका विभिन्न निजी अस्पताल तथा नर्सिङहोमहरुबाट पनि बाँझोपनसम्बन्धमा परामर्श तथा उपचार सेवा प्राप्त गर्न सकिन्छ। काठमाडौंका निःसन्तान केन्द्र र ओम अस्पतालले बाँझोपनको उपचारमा विशेषज्ञ सेवा उपलब्ध गराइरहेका छन्। अन्य औषधि उपचारबाट सन्तान प्राप्त नभएका अवस्थामा यी दुई स्वास्थ्य केन्द्रबाट आईभीएफ (टेस्टट्युब बेबी) प्रविधिको सेवा पनि लिन सकिन्छ। यी स्वास्थ्य केन्द्रमा टेस्टट्युब बेबी सेवा लिएर पनि धेरैले सन्तान प्राप्त गरिरहेका छन्। महिलाहरुको अण्डवाहिनी नली बन्द भई बाँझोपन भएको अवस्थामा नलीको अप्रेसन गरी खोल्ने प्रयास भएको पनि पाइन्छ। यो विधि खर्चिलो भए तापनि त्यति प्रभावकारी नभएकोले निःसन्तान केन्द्रले यसको वैकल्पिक उपचारका रुपमा अप्रेसन नगरी नली खोल्ने उपचार पद्धति सुरु गरेको केन्द्रका प्रमुख डा. उमा श्रीवास्तव बताउनुहुन्छ। बाँझोपनको सामान्य उपचार त्यति खर्चिलो नभए पनि यसको विशेषज्ञ उपचार अलि खर्चिलो छ। त्यसैले कतिपय दाम्पतीले उपचार सुरु गरे पनि उपचार बीचैमा छोड्ने गरेको डा. श्रीवास्तव बताउनुहुन्छ। उपचार गर्दा सबै परीक्षण नगरी हुँदैन। यसले बिरामीलाई भार पर्ने भएकाले यस्ता समस्या परेकालाई सरकारले पनि केही सहयोग गर्नुपर्ने डा. श्रीवास्तवको धारणा छ। चाहेको बेला गर्भधारण गर्नु, सन्तान जन्माउन पाउनु महिलाको मौलिक अधिकार भएझैं सन्तान नभएका अवस्थामा सन्तान प्राप्तिको उपाय खोज्न पाउनु पनि महिलाको अधिकार हो। त्यसकारण बाँझोपनका कारण सन्तान प्राप्त नभएमा दम्पतीले समयमै उपचार सेवा लिएर सन्तान प्राप्तिको अवसर उपयोग गर्नुपर्छ। बाँझोपन पुरुष र महिला दुवै वा कुनै एक जनामा भएको स्वास्थ्य समस्याका कारण हुने भएकाले दम्पतीले नै स्वास्थ्य परीक्षण गरी उपचार गर्नुपर्छ। बाँझोपनको रोकथाम तथा उपचारका लागि सरकारले पनि विशेष कार्यक्रमहरु सञ्चालन गर्न आवश्यक छ। Tips Of The Married Life · When you’re at an event with your man, shoot him a come-hither look across the room. Attempt to pick him up with only your eyes. · Wake your guy this morning with soft kisses all over his body. What a wonderful way to wake up. · Let him take the lead tonight. Allow him to choose your outfit, the restaurant, or the movie. Surrendering the decision-making gets you in the mood. · In particularly stressful moments, whisper something to your man. The soft tone and warm breath on his ear will calm him down immediately. · Go on a movie date and make sure to graze his lap as you reach for the popcorn. Give him your eye that lets him know that you know exactly what you are doing. · When you wake up in the morning, tell him you had the most amazingly erotic dream about him. Give him full details even if you are making them up as you go. · When you are getting ready in the morning, give him a full on flash. Hold your robe open for a few seconds and tell him to remember the image of you nude all…day…long. · When you travel together buy postcards. Once you return, send one to your man to remind him of all the fun you had while you were traveling together. · Find your inner dominatrix. Start by pulling his hair a little while you are in the throes of passion. · Take turns kissing each other’s belly buttons. It tickles and feels so good. · When you are kissing your man, take your time. Pause and look into his eyes softly, then continue. Your glance will tell him how you are feeling about him. · Make putting on the condom part of sexy foreplay. Unroll it on him. You can use your lips to do so. · Buy a book of Mad Libs and require only risqué answers. Read them back to each other and giggle at the story you create. · Give your man a full body massage without using your hands. · Fill water pistols with fruit juice or wine and squirt each other without mercy. Lick each other clean and then wash off the rest of the sticky in the shower…together. · Do some partner stretches in the living room or in the bedroom. It is a great way to really get to know your partner’s body. You will surprise each other with your flexibility and can incorporate that into your sex life. · Happy Thanksgiving! Make sure you tell your partner all of the reasons you are thankful for him! · Decorate your bedroom with bundles of fall flowers. Your room will smell and feel fresh, and the colors will create a warm, relaxing glow. · Hide under the covers when your man comes to bed and surprise him with a pillow attack. Wear a skimpy nightie to ensure plenty of flashing potential. · Wednesday is Hump Day. Take that literally and engage is some mid-week nookie to get you to the weekend. · Wake your husband up with a cup of coffee and the paper. Tell him he is to stay in bed for as long as his heart desires. He’ll probably pull you back in to be with him. · After midnight, bundle up and head outside. Have sex under the moonlight. The cool night air will feel great but your warm breath and bodies will keep you toasty. · Cool off at the ice-skating rink. Grab your jacket and a good pair of socks and warm each other up on the ice. Don’t forget to couple skate! · When you dress for a date, lay out your clothes, down to your sexy lingerie. Make sure he sees the spread before you get dressed. · Go on a body treasure hunt. Do you know where all of his freckles are? Make the curves and marks of his body your business. · When you greet your man with a kiss after work tonight, be sure to grab his package. He’ll appreciate your bold gesture. · Watch Basic Instinct with your man and steal some of Sharon Stone’s moves — not the murderous ones, just the sexy ones, like when she turns Michael Douglas into her sex slave! · Give him opportunities to “accidentally” graze your breast while you are out in public. Give him a wicked smile to let him know you meant for it to happen. · Head to a dive bar and flirt with your man, relentlessly. If you can muster the courage, pull him into the restroom for a quickie. · Buy keychain flashlights and take them to bed with you. Ask him to illuminate his body parts that need your attention. You do the same for him! · When your husband is repairing things around the house, tell him the sight of him with a hammer, vacuum, mop, whatever it may be makes you really hot. · Treat yourself to a manicure and then use those gorgeous nails to scratch your guy’s body parts. Pay close attention to his arms and chest. · Allow him to watch you pleasure yourself with your vibrator. Men are visual creatures. This will be quite a gift for him…and you! · On your next road trip, go down on him while he’s driving. Make sure you are on an open road. This will catch him off guard and spice up the long drive. · When you look deeply into your partner’s eyes, you are telling him that he is the most important person in the room. He’ll appreciate that you only care about what he’s saying. · Masturbate your partner to the point of climax and then slow down for a few seconds for a fantastic orgasm. · Buy and men’s undershirt tank top have it personalized to say something special to your man.Maybe- “I’m yours!” or “Just for you!” or just his name. · Reenact how you met your mate. Go back to the spot and relive the moments you met. You’ll have so much fun thinking about those first moments. You will take yourselves back to the reasons you got together and fell in love. · Happy Halloween. Keep the costumes on while you do the deed! Haven’t you always wanted to get busy with Spider-Man? · Buy a couple of pumpkins and take them home and have a carving contest. Save the seeds for roasting! · Going away with your honey? Check out this travel kit from Blissbox! · Be silly with your man. Head to a wig shop and buy wigs for each other. Of course the next step is to wear them in bed. It will feel like you’re a making love to a new person but you aren’t cheating and you are laughing and having fun. · Everyone has that one household chore they can’t stand doing. Trade the one thing you hate to do for the one thing he hates to do. Do you hate scrubbing the tub? He can take that on. If he hates taking out the trash then you can take that on. Relieve yourselves from the stress of dreading that chore. · Quiz each other and giggle for hours with Naughty Crosswords: Nerve.com Presents Fifty Sexy and Outrageous Puzzles. · Have you planned your Halloween costume yet? Be a naughty nurse, a French maid, or a cowgirl who lassos her man — have your own private rodeo! · Reprogram your name in his phone. The next time you call, instead of your name, “Hot Babe,” “Horny Girlfriend,” or “Sexy Wife” will show up instead. · Make your partner your number one supporter by letting him know how he can meet your needs emotionally. Communication is key! · Some men enjoy anal stimulation. See if he is open to exploring this. Neither of you will regret adding this to your sex life. · Some men enjoy anal stimulation. Talk with him to see if he’s open to exploring this. Once you decide that he is, use a lot of lubrication and find out what he likes. · Cover each other with massage oil and feel the incredible sensation of sliding your bodies together. · Today is Miss American Rose Day. Celebrate by sprinkling rose petals in a trail leading to your bed. Spread handfuls of petals between the sheets too. · Affirm his actions by reminding him, out of the blue, how special he makes you feel when he does little things for you. · Nibble your partner during foreplay. A gentle bite brings blood to the surface of the skin and creates a fantastic sensation. But be gentle; don’t break skin. · Find a bra and panty set in red, a hot (and naughty!) color. Let your man know you’re wearing it under your clothes — he’s sure to peel off the outer layer fast! · Give him a tush massage. Kneed his bum with your strong hands. Massage his buns in the same way you would fold dough. · Don’t neglect his arms when you are making out or having sex. Men are proud of their biceps and love to have you stroke and massage their forearms. · Create the best scenario for lovemaking to end in orgasm for you: Put a pillow under your bum to give you the optimum pelvic tilt. · Have you done it on all pieces of furniture in your home? If you haven’t, make that a goal to complete in a month. · Give him a scalp massage using some mint-infused lotion. Then wash it out by giving him a sensual shampoo. · Greet him with a warm towel and personal rubdown when he gets out of the shower. · Get dirty while you are doing the laundry. Try out the spin cycle. He sits on the washer and you straddle him. The washing machine is like your very own gigantic vibrator. · Find a lover’s lane in your home town. Have an old-school date by going there to make out in your car. Be discreet because the police will give you a ticket for indecent exposure if you get caught. Being s गर्भावश्थामा अनुहारमा चायाँ आउनु एक प्रमुख समस्या गर्भावश्थामा अनुहारमा चायाँ आउनु एक प्रमुख समस्या रहेको छ चायाँ आउनको मुख्य कारणहरु भनेको रगत फोहर हुनु, ग्यास्टिक, छाला अधिक मात्रामा सुख्खा हुनु, छाला चिल्लो हुनु र घाममा धेरै हिंड्नु आदी हुन् गर्भावश्थामा चायाँ आउनुलाई सामान्य मानेता पनि नौ महिना सम्म बोकेर हिंड्न अप्ठ्यारो हुन्छ त्यसैले यस्ता चायाँलाई हटाउन हामीले घरेलु औषधी प्रयोग गर्न सक्दछौं यस्का लागि हामीले आफ्नो छाला को प्रकार बुझ्नु पर्दछ हाम्रो छाला चार प्रकारको हुन्छ १) सुख्खा छाला २) चिल्लो छाला ३) दुबै मिसिएको छाला र ४) सामान्य छाला १) सुख्खा छालाको लागि प्याक बनाउन चाहिने सामाग्रीहरु निम्न प्रकार छन – आधा चम्चा चिनी – दुई ठूलो चम्चा पानी – अण्डाको पहेंलो भाग – आधा चम्चा कागतीको रस लगाउने तरिका चिनी र पानी तताएर एक आपसमा मिसाउने र मिसिए पछी अण्डाको पहेंलो भाग फेट्ने त्यसमा कागती पानी राखेर फेरी फेट्ने र २० मिनेट सम्म अनुहारमा लगाउने र सफा पानीले मुख धुने त्यस पछी भिटामिन ‘ ई ‘ भएको क्रिम लगाउने २) चिल्लो छालको लागि प्याक बनाउन चाहिने सामाग्री – पातलो कपडा – आलुको भित्री भाग – तातो पानी- कपास लगाउने तरिका :पहिले अनुहारमा बाफ लिने र कपासले सफा संग अनुहार पुछ्ने त्यसपछी आलुलाई पातलो कपडामा राखेर चायाँ भएको ठाउमा १० देखी १५ मिनेट सम्म सर्कल मसाज गर्ने ३) दुवै मिसिएको छालाको (चिल्लो तथा सुख्खा) लागि माथिकै सामाग्री प्रयोग गर्ने यदी तपाईंको छाला सुख्खा र चिल्लो दुवै खाले छ भने जहाँ चिल्लो छ त्यहा चिल्लो को फेस प्याक लगाउने र जहाँ सुख्खा छ त्यहा सुख्खाको फेस प्याक लगाउने ४) सामान्य छालाको लागि चाहिने सामाग्री :अण्डाको सेतो भागमा दुई चम्चा सख्खर राखेर फिट्ने र बदामको तेल दुई वा तीन थोपा हाल्ने त्यसपछी त्यो प्याक लाई अनुहारमा लगाएर सफा पानीले धुने अनुहार पखाली सके पछी मोइस्चराइजर क्रिम लगाउने तसर्थ घरमा नैं उपलब्ध सामाग्री प्रयोग गरेर हामीले गर्भावस्थामा आउने अनुहारको चायाँ बाट बन्चित हुन सक्छौं Recent - How To Create A Bonsai Tree - लामा औँला भएकाहरु खतरनाक चालक - The Super-Slim New Laptop - Fish Robot to detect Pollution in the Ocean - तपाइँले थाहा नपाएका सिने-फ्याक्ट्स - संसारको सानो किताब - शान्ति सम्झौताको एक वर्ष – २३४ को हत्या - बाँझोपनको पनि उपचार हुन्छ - Tips Of The Married Life - गर्भावश्थामा अनुहारमा चायाँ आउनु एक प्रमुख समस्या - French tarragon - Coriander Links Archives - September 2009 (2) - December 2008 (1) Categories - Afghanistan - Animal - Better Life - Birthday SMS - Bonsai - Business Tips - Cave - Challange - China - Clinic - Corruption - crime - Currency - Economic - Education - Entertainment - Extra - Fantastic Fanta - Fertilizer - Financial Tips - Friendship SMS - Fun - Funny - Garden - Good Life - Good Morning SMS - Great Peopel - Great Wall - Happy Life - Health - Health Tips - Herbs - History - Homo-Sexual - Info - Interview - Interview Tips - IT - Kitchen Garden - Life - Life Style - Love - Marriage Life - Media - Meditation - New - New Generation - Niti Shastra - OJT - Out of Track - Pilgrim - Politics - Poll - Population - Profile - Recipe - Relationship - Science - Sex - Sex Life - Sex Query - SMS - Sport - superstation - Technology - Tips - Tour - Travel - Twins - Uncategorized - Video - Welfare - Who is Who - Wise Word - Wonder - World Heritage RSSEntries RSS Comments RSS