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Swelling or inflammation of the liver is described as hepatitis. This happens when the liver has been exposed to substances which can harm it such as alcohol or an effect from a viral infection. There are other types of hepatitis that may afflict, but will not permanently damage the liver. Other types can last for many years leading to liver scarring such as cirrhosis. In serious health conditions, it may cause liver failure or liver function loss or liver cancer which could eventually lead to death. These long-lasting types of hepatitis are referred to as chronic hepatitis. The first symptoms of hepatitis that is developed by infection could be compared to symptoms of the flu: - Jaundice which is yellowing of the skin and eyes - Joint and muscle pain - Being sick - Headache - High fever - Feeling sick When it is already chronic hepatitis, these will be the symptoms: - A sense of being unwell - Extreme fatigue all the time - Jaundice - Depression In most cases, there are hardly noticeable symptoms in cases of hepatitis which could make infected people unaware that they have it. Types of hepatitis Hepatitis A The most common viral hepatitis, it is caused by the virus from hepatitis A. It is very common in places where there are poor sewage and sanitation disposals. You can also become infected when travelling to countries where hepatitis A occurs frequently. Eating or drinking something contaminated with the feces from hepatitis A infected people will transmit the infection. After three months, symptoms and infection will go away. There is no special treatment program for hepatitis A except to provide relief from the symptoms. The best protection against hepatitis A is vaccination. It is highly recommended if you plan to travel to countries where hepatitis A is common. Hepatitis B The hepatitis B virus causes hepatitis B. This can be found in body and blood fluids, such as vaginal fluids and semen, so it can be transmitted during birth from an infected mother, unprotected sex and needle-sharing when drugs are injected. It is a fairly uncommon infection that is usually confined to groups such as users of drugs. Most people could fight off the virus and recover fully after a few months. However, some people develop chronic hepatitis B which could lead to liver cancer and cirrhosis. Hepatitis B vaccination is available for protection and prevention. It is recommended for high-risk people such as healthcare workers and drug users that inject drugs. Hepatitis C Found in the blood and, to some degree, in the vaginal fluid, semen, and saliva of an infected person, the hepatitis C virus causes hepatitis C. Blood-to-blood contact is the usual spread of the infection since the hepatitis C virus is concentrated in the blood. It is commonly spread by sharing needles among drug users when injecting drugs. It does not show any symptoms which are the main reason why people are unaware that they have the infection. Only a few people will be able to ward off the infection and become free of the virus. In most people, it will develop into chronic hepatitis C leading to liver failure and cirrhosis.
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काठमाडौं । कलेजो सुन्निने समस्या हेपाटाइटिस हो । यो स्थिति बढेर फाइब्रोसिस, सिरोसिस वा कलेजोको क्यान्सरमा समेत परिणत हुन सक्छ । सुरुको अवस्थामा सुन्निने भए पनि संक्रमण बढ्दै जाँदा कलेजोको मांसपेशी नष्ट हुने भएकाले लिभर फाइब्रोसिस वा फ्याटी लिभर हुन सक्छ । यो जानकारी आजको नयाँ पत्रिका दैनिकमा वीरगञ्ज नेसनल मेडिकल कलेजका डा. असरफ हुसेनले लेखेका छन् । भाइरस हेपाटाइटिसको संक्रमण हेपाटाइटिस ए, बी, सी, डी र ई गरी पाँच प्रकारको हुने गर्छ । सबै संक्रमणको लक्षण, कारण र उपचार फरक–फरक हुने गर्छ । अन्यको तुलनामा हेपाइटाइटिस बी बढी भयानक हुने गर्छ । हेपाटाइटिस बीलाई सेरम हेपाटाइटिस पनि भनिन्छ । यो रोग रगत, थुक, पिसाब, वीर्यलगायतबाट एक व्यक्तिबाट अर्कोमा सर्ने गर्छ । यसरी सर्छ हेपाटाइटिस बी हेपाटाइटिस बी संक्रमित व्यक्तिको रगत, वीर्य र योनीबाट निस्कने तरल पदार्थमार्फत अन्यमा सर्छ । त्यस्तै, संक्रमित आमाबाट जन्मिने शिशुमा समेत हेपाटाइटिस बी हुन सक्छ । बच्चामा ¥यालको माध्यमबाट पनि हेपाटाइटिस सर्न सक्ने सम्भावना रहन्छ । लागुपदार्थ सेवनकर्तामा सिरिन्जको प्रयोग गर्दा समेत यो रोग फैलिन्छ । यस्तै, निर्मलीकरण नगरिएका कुनै पनि सामग्रीको प्रयोगबाट रोग फैलिने सम्भावना रहन्छ । रोकथाम र उपचार हेपाटाइटिस बी भाइरस कोषको डिएनएमा गएर बस्ने भएकाले पूर्ण रूपमा निको पार्न सकिँदैन । रोगलाई नियन्त्रणमा राख्न लामो समयसम्म औषधिको सेवन गरिराख्नुपर्ने हुन्छ । बिस्तारै हेपाटाइटिस बीले कलेजोमा सिरोसिस, कलेजोको क्यान्सर गराउँछ । हेपाटाइटिस बीबाट बच्न हेपाटाइटिस बीविरुद्धको खोप लगाउनुपर्छ । यस्तै, स्वस्थ जीवनशैली अपनाउन सकेमा हेपाटाइटिसबाट बच्न सकिन्छ ।