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The following information was developed for this website by medical professionals and public health experts using Canadian government and other scientific and medical sources. It is not intended as medical advice. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. Last revision: 2021-08-13 We do know that the vaccines will protect people from getting very sick from the virus, but it’s possible that you could still carry the virus and be contagious to others even though you are fully vaccinated with 2 doses. The good news is that these breakthrough infections are likely to be mild and will prevent you from being hospitalized. We will learn more as the clinical trials continue and real-world evidence emerges. In the meantime, we’ll need to continue wearing our masks, practice physical distancing, and keep following public health recommendations until enough people are fully vaccinated. It takes about two weeks after the second dose for the body to build immunity after vaccination. Someone could be infected with the virus just before or just after vaccination and get sick, because the vaccine didn’t have enough time to provide protection. This is also why a full series of two doses of the vaccines are required. The COVID-19 vaccines’ initial effectiveness is already very high after the first dose (80-92%) and lasts for at least a few months. Experience with other multi-dose vaccinations after a single dose suggest persistent protection could last six months or longer. In fact, many studies have shown that you get an even better booster immune response the longer you wait. So this is backed by science. And for most vaccines, antibody levels (immunity) will go down over time and do not suddenly fall below protective levels. Even months or years later, another vaccine dose can boost immunity to higher levels, giving a longer duration of protection. Now that we have much more reliable vaccine supply in Canada, the timeline between doses has been decreased to 4-8 weeks. Yes, for now, until the Public Health Agency of Canada determines when the right time is to do away with masking and distancing. The newer variants, some of which are highly transmissible, can still cause serious infections in unimmunized and partially immunized people, so we should all do our part by protecting those who can’t yet get vaccinated (eg kids <age 12) and people with compromised immune systems who may not mount a strong enough protective response to vaccines. We don’t know yet how long protection lasts for those who are vaccinated. Studies on the mRNA vaccines currently show that people who were vaccinated had a very strong immunity to COVID-19 for at least six months. It looks like immunity will last a while, but studies need to follow this over time. At this point, we’re not sure if immunity will last a year or ten years, or if there will be a need for a booster shot at some point. It usually takes a few weeks for the body to build immunity following COVID-19 vaccination. But remember that two doses are required in order to achieve the best immunity from the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines. The Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine only requires one dose. After vaccination, it is common to have temporary mild or moderate side effects, including: - Pain, redness, warmth, itching or swelling at the site of injection, - Fatigue, - Headache, - Nausea, - Muscle or joint pain, and - Mild fever or chills. These are normal signs that your body is building protection and these symptoms should go away within a few days. If your symptoms are significant or worsening, consult your health care provider. If they are consistent with COVID-19, you should get tested and self-isolate until test results are available. Very rarely, a more serious side effect called anaphylaxis may occur. This generally occurs within several minutes or the first hour after vaccination. For this reason, people receiving their COVID-19 vaccine are asked to remain for at least 15 minutes following vaccination so that health care personnel can monitor individuals for any serious reactions. Side-effects are not an indication of whether or not the vaccine is working. It is true that side effects are normal signs that the vaccine is working and your body is building protection. However, this doesn’t mean you should be worried if you don’t have side-effects. For example, the mRNA vaccines provided protective immunity to over 90% of recipients in the clinical trials, but more than 50% reported no side-effects. In other words, most people did not experience any reactions, but had full immunity. So, if you didn’t feel any side effects after your COVID-19 vaccine, it’s not something to worry about—you still have the same protection as someone who experienced a side-effect! Breakthrough infections do occur but before the arrival of the delta variant, they have been rare – around 0.5% of reported COVID-19 cases; and when post-vaccination infections do happen, they typically tend to be mild. While no vaccine offers 100% protection for every single person, the relatively infrequent examples of serious infections after full vaccination — coupled with the dramatic drop in cases, hospitalizations, and deaths from COVID-19 — show these vaccines are indeed doing a very good job. Eventually we will all be able to “live with COVID” without causing avoidable severe illness or death or overwhelming our healthcare systems. Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. Pericarditis is an inflammation of the sac around the heart. There have been rare cases of this inflammation in young people after vaccination with mRNA vaccines (approximately 12 cases per million 2nd doses of any mRNA vaccine in the 21 days following vaccination). Symptoms can include fatigue, chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, and fainting. It is more common in males, esp males age 16-24, and develops approximately 4 days after their 2nd dose. This is easily diagnosed and treated in hospital, and people generally recover from symptoms and do well. NACI guidance says that individuals who experienced myo/pericarditis after first dose of mRNA vaccine should wait to get their second dose until more information is available. Informed consent for those receiving an mRNA vaccine should include a discussion of this very rare risk. It’s important to remember that this potentially rare and mild/quickly recoverable side effect is much rarer than the potential risks of COVID-19, including “long COVID”. And COVID-19 infection itself can cause myocarditis, similar to other viral infections. Yes. It is normal to have a stronger reaction after the second dose because that’s when your immune system really kicks into gear. That big immune response is what causes the stronger reaction. It’s called a boosting phenomenon, and it builds an even greater ability to fight off COVID-19. Here’s how it works: When you get the first dose, your body learns to make COVID-fighting antibodies. Then you get the second vaccine, and you already have the antibodies ready to go, so that shot kicks them into action. That more robust immune response accounts for the stronger reactions. Those reactions tell you the vaccine is working. Although stronger reactions after the second dose are common, experts say some people may have little or no reaction. To help with the stronger side effects, it’s OK to take Tylenol or other over-the-counter pain relievers after your shot – but not before – to help ease discomfort. And remember that not everyone has a similar response to either dose. Just because you have little or no side effects, doesn’t mean that the vaccine hasn’t done its job! At this time, there are no plans for Canadians to require a booster dose after they have been fully vaccinated with 2 doses of vaccine. There are a few countries that are planning to offer booster doses, but this is not supported by WHO. The pandemic is global, and there are still many countries where many people have not received even 1 dose of vaccine yet. If future variants arise that evade the immune response created by our current vaccines, there is certainly a role for booster does in Canada to protect us from severe illness and death caused by these variants, but in the meantime, we have enough protection to keep us out of hospitals.
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निम्नलिखित जानकारी यो वेबसाइटका लागि क्यानेडाली सरकार र अन्य वैज्ञानिक र चिकित्सा स्रोतहरूको उपयोग गरी चिकित्सा पेशेवर तथा सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्यका विशेषज्ञहरूद्वारा विकास गरिएको हो। यस जानकारीको मनसाय चिकित्सा सल्लाह दिने होइन। कोभिड-१९ को खोपका सम्बन्धमा तपाईंसँग कुनै पनि प्रश्न भएमा सधैँ योग्य स्वास्थ्य स्याहार प्रदायकबाट सल्लाह लिनुहोस्। हामी निश्चितताका साथ भन्न सक्दैनौँ तर तपाईंले खोप लगाएपछि पनि तपाईंले भाइरस सार्ने सम्भावना हुन्छ। खोपले भाइरसबाट बिरामी हुनबाट मानिसहरूलाई सुरक्षित गर्ने छ भन्ने हामीलाई थाहा छ तर तपाईंले आफ्नो प्रतिरक्षण प्राप्त गरेपछि पनि तपाईंमा भाइरस हुन सक्ने र त्यसलाई अन्य व्यक्तिहरूमा फैलाउन सक्ने सम्भावना हुन्छ। क्लिनिकल परीक्षणहरूको निरन्तरता र वास्तविक संसारबाट आउने प्रमाणमार्फत हामीले थप जान्ने छौँ। यस अवधिमा, धेरैजसो क्यानेडालीले पूर्ण रूपमा खोप नलगाउञ्जेल हामीले मास्क लगाउन जारी राख्न, भौतिक दूरी कायम राख्न र सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्यका सिफारिसहरूका पालना कायम राख्न आवश्यक हुने छ। खोपको दोस्रो खुराक लगाएपछि शरीरमा प्रतिरक्षा निर्माण गर्न लगभग दुई हप्ता लाग्छ। केही व्यक्ति खोप लगाउनुअघि वा लगाएपछि तुरन्तै भाइरसबाट संक्रमित हुन र बिरामी हुन सक्छन् ’cause खोपले सुरक्षा प्रदान गर्नका निम्ति पर्याप्त समय नपाएकाले यस हुन सक्छ। त्यसकारण खोपहरूको पूर्ण दुई खुराक लगाउन आवश्यक छ। कोभिड-१९ का खोपहरूको प्रारम्भिक प्रभावकारिता पहिलो खुराकपछि नै धेरै (80-92%) हुन्छ र कम्तीमा केही महिनासम्म रहन्छ। बहुखुराकहरूको रूपमा दिइने अन्य खोपहरूबाट प्राप्त अनुभवले के बताउँछ भने सिङ्गो खुराकले छः महिना वा यसभन्दा बढी समयसम्म निरन्तर सुरक्षा प्रदान गर्न सक्छ। वास्तवमा, धेरै अध्ययनहरूले यो देखाएका छन् कि तपाईंले जति बढी प्रतीक्षा गर्नुहुन्छ, दोस्रो खुराकले तपाईंको प्रतिरोधात्मक क्षमतालाई त्यति नै राम्रो बनाउँछ। यसकारण यो भन्न सकिन्छ कि यस तथ्यको वैज्ञानिक आधार छ। अनि अधिकांश खोपहरूको मामिलामा, एन्टिबडीका स्तरहरू (प्रतिरोधात्मक क्षमता) कम्ती हुनुको लागि निकै समय लाग्छ अनि ती सुरक्षात्मक स्तरहरूबाट अचानक तल झरेर जाँदैनन्। महिनौं वा वर्षौं पश्चात् पनि, खोपको अर्को खुराकले प्रतिरोधात्मक क्षमतालाई बढाएर उच्च स्तरहरूसम्म पुर्याउन सक्छ, अनि अधिक समयसम्म सुरक्षा प्रदान गर्न सक्छ। अहिले क्यानडामा खोपको आपूर्ति औधी नै भरपर्दो भएको हुनाले, दुइ खुराकहरू बीचको अन्तराललाई घटाएर आठ साता परिएको छ। हो, अहिले घडी अर्थात् क्यानडाको जन-स्वास्थ्य एजेन्सी (Public Health Agency of Canada)-ले सही समयको निर्धारण नगरूञ्जेल मास्क (मुकुन्डो) लगाउनु र सामाजिक दूरी कायम राख्नु आवश्यक छ। यसको कारण के हो भने, खोपलाई प्रभावकारी हुनु (प्रतिरोधात्मक क्षमताको निर्माण गर्नु) कैयौं साताहरूको समय लाग्छ तथा यथाःसम्भव अधिकभन्दा अधिक मानिसहरूलाई फाइजर-बायोएनटेक (Pfizer-BioNTech), मोडेर्ना (Moderna) अनि एस्ट्राजेनेका (AstraZeneca) कोभिड-१९ खोपहरूको दोस्रो खुराक लगाउने प्रक्रिया पूरा भएपछि मात्रै अधिकतम सुरक्षा हासिल गर्न सकिनेछ। हामीलाई खोप लगाएको व्यक्ति कति समयसम्म सुरक्षित रहन सक्छ भन्ने अझै थाहा छैन। mRNA खोपहरूका हालैका अध्ययनहरूले कोभिड-१९ को खोप लगाइएका मानिसहरूमा कम्तीमा छ महिनासम्म अति बलियो प्रतिरक्षा भएको देखाउँछ। प्रतिरक्षा केही समयसम्म रहेको देखिन्छ तर यसमा समयअनुसार अध्ययनहरू गर्नु आवश्यक छ। प्रतिरक्षा एक वर्ष वा दश वर्षसम्म रहने छ कि छैन वा कुनै समयमा प्रतिवर्धक खुराक (प्रतिरक्षा बढाउने) लगाउनु आवश्यक हुने छ वा छैन भन्ने कुरा ’bout हाल हामी निश्चित छैनौँ। कोभिड-१९ को खोप लगाएपछि शरीरमा प्रतिरक्षा निर्माण हुन प्रायः जसो केही हप्ता लाग्छ। तर Pfizer- BioNTech, Moderna र AstraZeneca कोभिड-१९ खोपहरूबाट उत्कृष्ट प्रतिरक्षा प्राप्त गर्नका लागि खोपका दुई खुराक आवश्यक छन् भन्ने कुरा सम्झनुहोस्। Johnson & Johnson कोभिड-१९ खोपको एक खुराक मात्र आवश्यक छ। खोप लगाएपछि निम्नलिखित सहित अस्थायी रूपमा हलुका वा मध्यम खालका साइड इफेक्टहरू देखिनु सामान्य हो : - खोप लगाइएको ठाउँमा दुख्ने, रातोपन हुने, तातोपना हुने, चिलाउने वा सुन्निने - थकाइ लाग्ने, - टाउको दुख्ने, - वाकवाकी लाग्ने, - मांसपेशी वा जोर्नी दुख्ने र - हलुका ज्वरो आउने वा अति चिसो लाग्ने। तपाईंको शरीरमा सुरक्षा निर्माण भइरहेको छ भन्ने ’bout यी सामान्य सङ्केतहरू हुन् र यी लक्षणहरू केही दिनमा हराउँदै जान्छन्। तपाईंका लक्षणहरू गम्भीर र खराब हुँदैछन् भने आफ्नो स्वास्थ्य स्याहार प्रदायकसँग परामर्श लिनुहोस्। लक्षणहरू कोभिड-१९ का जस्तै छन् भने तपाईंले जाँच गराउनु पर्ने हुन्छ र जाँचका नतिजाहरू नआएसम्म आइसोलेसनमा बस्नु पर्ने हुन्छ। एनाफिलेक्सिस (anaphylaxis) भनिने एकदमै गम्भीर साइड इफेक्ट अति विरलै हुन सक्छ। यो सामान्यतया खोप लगाएको केही मिनेटमा वा एक घण्टामा हुन्छ। यस कारण कोभिड-१९ खोप लिने मानिसहरूलाई खोप लगाएपछि कम्तीमा 15 मिनेटसम्म त्यही बस्न अनुरोध गरिन्छ, ताकि स्वास्थ्य स्याहार कर्मचारी टोलीले कुनै गम्भीर प्रतिक्रिया उत्पन्न हुने सन्दर्भमा उक्त व्यक्तिको निगरानी गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ। खोपले काम गरिरहेको छ वा छैन भन्ने सङ्केत साइड इफेक्टहरू होइनन्। खोपले काम गरिरहेको छ र तपाईंको शरीरमा प्रतिरक्षा निर्माण भइरहेको छ भन्ने सामान्य सङ्केतहरू साइड इफेक्टहरू हुन् भन्ने कुरा सत्य हो। तर, यसको अर्थ तपाईंलाई साइड इफेक्टहरू नभएमा चिन्ता गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने होइन। उदाहरणका लागि, mRNA खोपहरूले क्लिनिकल परीक्षणहरूमा खोप लगाएका 90% भन्दा धेरै व्यक्तिहरूमा सुरक्षात्मक प्रतिरक्षा प्रदान गर्यो भने 50% भन्दा बढीमा कुनै साइड इफेक्ट देखिएको थिएन। अर्थात् धेरैजसो मानिसहरूले खोपको कुनै पनि प्रतिक्रियाबिना पूर्ण प्रतिरक्षा प्राप्त गर्नुभयो। त्यस कारण, तपाईंले कोभिड-१९ को खोप लगाएपछि कुनै पनि साइड इफेक्ट महसुस गर्नु भएन भने, यस ’bout चिन्ता लिनु पर्दैन—तपाईं साइड इफेक्ट महसुस गर्ने व्यक्ति सरह नै सुरक्षित हुनुहुन्छ!