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Hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are fleeing from their home country due to the Russian invasion. Many are still trying to leave Ukraine, filling the routes out with cars stretching for miles. But those who could cross the borders require help. The Russian invasion of Ukraine began on February 24 and is ongoing, forcing more people to leave to the neighboring countries. The war has so far has cost tens of thousands of lives and can leave a war-torn Ukraine behind. Valeria’s journey to becoming a refugee Valeria, 21, a student who crossed the borders of Poland from Ukraine, is mourning the fact that she won’t return to her normal life in Ukraine. She never thought about leaving her country, even her village, when the war started. She told Politics Today, “We thought that it would be safer in villages; but it wasn’t.” Her father drove her to Kyiv, the capital, where she got on an evacuation train to Lviv on her way to Poland. She added that “it was horrible. Too many people were on the train, there was no place. We stayed on the train for 12 hours, and sometimes we got a chance to sit on suitcases or the floor.” After she arrived in Lviv, she stayed there for a few days. Her friend drove her to the border, which she crossed on foot. Later, a volunteer took her and drove her to Warsaw. She notes that “it was quite amazing how people in other countries volunteered and helped us get to places, have food or somewhere to stay.” EU Open-Door Policy EU countries opened their doors to Ukrainian refugees from the first day. However, many host states are ill-prepared for this scale of mass displacement. In many countries, locals have opened their houses while many NGOs and governmental agencies are trying to protect and assist the refugees by providing for their basic needs. Filippo Grandi, the United Nations high commissioner of refugees, recently identified the refugee crisis in Ukraine as “the fastest-growing refugee crisis in Europe since World War Two.” The UN reported that there are over two million refugees according to data published on March 8, 2022. Many of the refugees landed in Poland, which shares a border of 428 km with Ukraine. According to a UN report, the government of Poland has accepted over 1.2 million refugees, and the Poles have shown a warm reception to their neighbors. Over the past few weeks, many other countries have also accepted a significant number of refugees. Moldova, a country with a population of four million, has taken 82,000 refugees. The country bears a great importance in terms of its long border with Ukraine, which stretches for 939 km, the longest after Ukraine’s border with Russia. Hungary is another country where many Ukrainians have fled. Almost 203,000 refugees have crossed the 103 km long border between Ukraine and Hungary, the UNHCR has said. In the south, Ukrainians cross the borders of Romania in order to access humanitarian assistance. According to UN data, by March 8, nearly 150,000 Ukrainian refugees arrived in Romania, which is regarded as a gate to Europe. Just like in Poland, Romanians quickly organized help for their neighbors. Using social media, people who wanted to help refugees mobilized and aided with their basic needs. Nearly 100,000 Ukrainians have fled to Russia as well, according to the UNHCR. Other European countries have accepted a total of 235,000 Ukrainian refugees since the beginning of the conflict. Recommended Ukraine’s neighbor in the Black Sea, Turkey, is one of the countries that is watching the conflict with alarm. According to Turkey’s Minister of Interior Süleyman Soylu over 20,000 Ukrainians arrived in Turkey by March 6. At the same time, many people had to leave their homes to flee to safer cities within Ukraine. The UNHCR has reported that over one million people have been internally displaced in Ukraine. Lviv, a city located in the northwest of Ukraine, is a destination people are trying to reach. The city had a population of 720,000 people before the war. Tens of thousands of people flooded the city, especially those who escaped the Ukrainian capital, Kyiv. The city is a passage point for those who want to cross to Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary. Apart from the Ukrainian refugees who have managed to flee, many are still trying to cross the borders to European countries. Most of them are women and children since men aged between 16 and 60 have been banned from leaving the country by the Ukrainian authorities. VIDEO: Russian Expansionism under Vladimir Putin
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दश करोड मानिस आफ्नो घर छोड्न बाध्य काठमाडौं । आज जुन २० अर्थात् विश्व शरणार्थी दिवस। संयुक्त राष्ट्रको एक प्रतिवेदनले गत वर्ष १० करोड मानिस आफ्नो घर छोड्न बाध्य भएको उल्लेख गरेको छ। शरणार्थीका लागि संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघीय उच्च आयोग (युएनएचसीआर) को सन् १९५१ मा स्थापना भएयता युक्रेनमा सबैभन्दा धेरै र छिटो बढिरहेको शरणार्थी समस्या भएको जनाइएको छ। युएनएचसीआरले यसलाई दोस्रो विश्वयुद्धपछि अभिलेखवद्ध सबैभन्दा धेरै विस्थापित भएको घटना भएको बताएको छ । अफ्रिकाको सहेल क्षेत्रबाट इयु आउने शरणार्थीहरू बढ्न सक्ने पनि ग्लोबल ट्रेन्ड्स रिपोर्टले जनाएको छ। युएनएचसीआरले इयु सहेल क्षेत्रबाट भागेका शरणार्थीहरूको बारेमा चिन्तित हुनुपर्छ भनेको छ । युएनएचसीआरका अनुसार गत वर्ष विश्वभरि १० करोड मानिस आफ्नो घर छोड्न बाध्य भएका थिए । यो दोस्रो विश्वयुद्ध पछि रेकर्ड भएको सबैभन्दा धेरै विस्थापित व्यक्तिहरूको संख्या हो । सन् १९५१ मा शरणार्थीका लागि संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घीय उच्च आयोग (युएनएचसीआर) स्थापना भए यता युक्रेनमा सबैभन्दा ठूलो र द्रुत तवरले बढिरहेको शरणार्थी सङ्कट भएको उक्त निकायले आफ्नो ग्लोबल ट्रेन्ड्स रिपोर्टमा जनाएको छ । युक्रेनमा रुसी आक्रमणसँगै अफगानिस्तानको संकट पनि १० करोडको ‘ठूलो संख्या’ मा शरणार्थी पुर्याउने गर्ने प्रमुख घटनाहरू हुन्। प्रतिवेदनले विगत एक दशकमा प्रत्येक वर्ष शरणार्थी समस्या बढ्दै गएको उल्लेख गरेको छ । शरणार्थीका लागि संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घीय उच्चायुक्त फिलिपो ग्रान्डीले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदायले द्वन्द्व समाधान गर्न र समाधान खोज्न कदम नचालेसम्म यो प्रवृत्ति जारी रहने बताएका छन्। युक्रेन युद्धले खाद्य सुरक्षा संकट सिर्जना गरेको छ, जसले गरिब देशहरूमा धेरै मानिसहरूलाई आफ्नो घर छोड्न बाध्य तुल्याएको छ- युएनएचसीआरले भनेको छ । फिलिपो ग्रान्डीका अनुसार सहायता रकम युक्रेनमा केन्द्रित भइरहेको छ, विश्वभरका अन्य सहायता कार्यक्रमहरूका लागि कम सहयोग जुटेको बताउनु भएको छ ‘युक्रेन संकटले अन्य संकटहरू छायाँमा पार्नु हुँदैन’- उहाँले भन्नुभयो । ग्रान्डीले शरणार्थी सङ्कटप्रति युरोपेली सङ्घको प्रतिक्रिया असमान रहेको बताउनुभयो। ‘पक्कै पनि यसले महत्त्वपूर्ण कुरा प्रमाणित गर्छः शरणार्थीहरूको आगमनलाई प्रत्युत्तर दिन, धनी देशहरूको किनार वा सीमानामा निराश मानिसहरूको आगमनलाई व्यवस्था गर्न नसकिने खालको छैन’- उनले भने । सहेल क्षेत्रका शरणार्थीहरू ग्रान्डीले इन्धनको मूल्यवृद्धि, जलवायु संकट र हिंसाबाट बच्न अफ्रिकाको साहेल क्षेत्रबाट धेरैभन्दा धेरै मानिसहरू पलायन भइरहेको बताए । यी विस्थापित मानिसहरू संकटबाट बच्न उत्तरबाट युरोपतिर जान सक्छन् । उनले यस क्षेत्रले वर्षौंदेखि खडेरी र बाढी, आय असमानता, कमजोर स्वास्थ्य सेवा र खराब शासनको सामना गरिसकेको बताए । बढ्दो खाद्य सुरक्षा संकटले समस्या थपेको छ। ‘म साहेलको बारेमा धेरै चिन्तित छु । र मलाई लाग्दैन कि हामी यो क्षेत्रको बारेमा पर्याप्त कुरा गर्छौं जुन युरोपबाट निकै नजिक अवस्थित छ’- उनले भने । प्रतिवेदनले युक्रेन, भेनेजुएला, म्यानमार, सिरिया र त्यसभन्दा बाहिरको संकटले अवस्थालाई थप खराब बनाएको जनाएको छ । प्रस्तुति मनोजराज रेग्मी तस्बिर सौजन्यः युएनएचसीआर श्रोत: आइएनएस-स्वतन्त्र समाचार