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Why is there a deadlock between Government and farmers on Farm Bills issue?5 min read Vasundhara Singh Hundreds of thousands of farmers from the states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh have marched to Delhi protesting against the central Government and the Farm Bills which were passed by the government in September which they say will destroy their livelihood. After failing at acquiring support from their respective state governments, the farmers decided to put pressure on the central government for hearing their demands. While the governments of UP and Punjab showed no support to the protesting farmers, governments of Rajasthan and Haryana have shown their full support to the agitation. Not only leaders and politicians within India are supporting the framers, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Member of Parliament, Jagmeet Singh were also seen raising their support in the favour of framers. Amid increasing tensions between Delhi Police and farmers and movement of more farmers to the capital, Union government called the farmers for discussion about their demands and resolve the problems faced by them. The government is adamant that it will not withdraw the laws which were passed earlier this year and famers are pressuring government to fulfil their demands which has led to deadlock between them. What led to the protests? Angry farmers marching towards Delhi to pressurise union government into accepting their demands is the outcome of the farm bills that were passed in September this year. Looking back to year 2018, the demands put forward by them are not new and had been discussed previously in year 2018 before the parliament in that year through private member bill which were presented by the then Lok Sabha MP, Raju Shetty. The two bills presented were ‘The farmer’s freedom from indebtedness bill 2018’ and ‘The farmer’s right to guaranteed remunerative Minimum Support Price (MSP) for agricultural commodities Bill 2018’. The first bill as the name suggests was focused for the government to provide freedom to farmers from debts on them. The bill stated that the government is obliged to waive loan on all the farmers including landless farmers, agricultural owners, sharecroppers etc. This suggestion was given by the farmers exploring into the reasons of increased number of farmer suicides in the country. Second bill proposed that the government should decrease and regulate the cost price of commodities that are used in farming such as seeds, fertilizers, diesel, machines, equipment and also to set up a commission to regulate the cost of production. These private member bills never discussed in parliament which displeased the farmers and passing of new bills this year added fuel to fire. New Farm Bills The new legislations against which the farmers are protesting are Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act, and the Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act. Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act affirms to create an environment where the farmers and traders will have a freedom of choice of sale and purchase of agricultural products. Also, under this legislation the farmers will not have to bear any transportation charges, and they will be able to engage with the market directly which will eliminate the need of intermediaries. (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act empowers the farmers to engage with retailers, wholesalers, sponsors and get assurance of price before they sow the crops. They will also be protected from market risks as the prices will be pre-determined. The farmers do not support these legislations and believe that these laws will open sale of their agricultural products outside the Agricultural Produce Market Committee (mandis) and remove the barrier on interstate trade which will disadvantage for the famers. Abolishment of mandis also means getting rid of commission agents which work with the famers and have friendly relations with them from a very long time. These agents take acre of farmer’s loans and also help them in procuring timely and adequate payments for their crops and if they are done away with, the farmers will be left to the mercy of corporates. Also Read– Understand Fram Bills Representatives of farmers are saying that their protests are against the introduction of corporate houses in the agricultural sector because it will remove the system of Minimum Support Price which is like an incentive to the farmers provided by the government where the farmers are guaranteed a minimum price for their produce. And even if these corporates are providing price in exchange of agricultural products, there is no mechanism of price fixation that will lead to abrupt and unmethodical ways of price determination depending on the will of the companies. Farmers are calling on the Union Government to either repeal the farmer laws passed or guarantee MSP to farmers in writing. As a result of increasing tensions, the government agreed to talk with the representatives of farmers to come to a solution. Agriculture minister Narendra Tomar, cabinet minister Piyush Goyal and junior industry minister Som Prakash met with a 35-member team of farmers on December 1 to hear the demands and problems of farmers. Government decided to form a committee to look into the laws and sort out the differences but it was turned down by the protesting farmers and were uncompromising on fulfilling their demands. This meeting reached no conclusions and further a meeting was decided to take place on 3rd December. In the fourth round of talks that took place on December 3, farmers were still rigid in forcing the government to repeal the laws through a special parliamentary session and stated that they will not stop protesting till their demands are met. “The farmer leader suggested the government that a special session of parliament be called and new farm laws to be established.” Union agriculture minister Narendra Singh Tomar assured the farmers that MSP will not be touched and union government has promised not keep a check on MSP. Government is also not ready to repeal the laws and suggested in the meeting for amendment said laws which did not satisfied the farmers as it is one of the main reasons of the protests and has led to the halt between the government and the farmers. Both the government and the farmers are adamant on their suggestions and no compromise has been reached yet. Another meeting is scheduled on 5th December and it is hoped that both the sides will come to a common decision regarding the farm laws. The reason for this deadlock can be the violent and stubborn nature of the protesting farmers and they are not inclined to discussions or listening to the government officials. Encouraged and supported by opposition parties, these protests have become a political attack on the ruling government. The farmers are not ready to compromise their demands and on the other hand Union government is unbending on their decisions. Government is stating that these new legislations will help in growth of agriculture sector through private sector investment and they will also help small scale farmers who are unable to bargain for their price in the markets. Farmers are contending that after the removal of APMC, they will be left to the wish and will of the private companies and corporates and their income will not be safeguarded. Both sides are unaware of the pros and cons of application of these laws and hence are unable to reach common grounds for speedy and effective resolving of this issue. https://aninews.in/news/national/general-news/farmer-seek-special-parliament-session-abolition-of-farm-laws-at-vigyan-bhawan-meeting20201203195641/ ↑
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काठमाडौं । भारतको उत्तर क्षेत्रका किसानहरुले लामो समयदेखि राजधानी दिल्लीलाई आफ्नो विरोध प्रदर्शन गर्ने स्थल बनाएका छन् । भारतले ल्याएको नयाँ कृषि कानुनको विरोधमा उनीहरुले निरन्तर प्रदर्शन गर्दै आइरहेका छन् । सुरुसुरुमा यो आन्दोलन विभिन्न राज्यमा चलेको थियो । तर सरकारले नसुनेपछि किसानहरुले राजधानी केन्द्रित प्रदर्शन गर्ने निर्णय गरे । तर उनीहरुको माग सम्बोधन पनि भएको छैन र उनीहरुको धर्ना पनि रोकिएको छैन । भारत सरकार किसानहरुसँग वार्ताको लागि तयार छ, तर उनीहरुको माग सम्बोधन गर्न तयार छैन । सरकारसँग किसानले यसअघि गरेको वार्ता पनि विना कुनै निष्कर्ष टुङ्गिएको थियो । भारतका किसानहरुको आन्दोलनप्रति विषयमा विभिन्न मुलुकहरुले पनि समर्थन गर्दै आएका छन् । तर, सरकारले भने उनीहरुको समर्थनलाई आफ्नो आन्तरिक मामिलामा ‘विदेशी हस्तक्षेप’को संज्ञा दिँदै आएको छ । भारतमा किसान आन्दोलनको इतिहास निकै पुरानो छ । पञ्जाब, हरियाणा, बंगाल, दक्षिण तथा पश्चिम भारतमा पछिल्लो एक सय वर्षमा धेरै विरोध प्रदर्शन भएका थिए । यसपटक पनि किसानहरुले आफूहरुलाई चाहिएको कुरा सरकारले ल्याएको नयाँ कानुनमा नभएको भन्दै आपत्ति जनाएका छन् । केन्द्र सरकार भने आफ्नो नयाँ कानुन किसानको हितको लागि ल्याइएको बताउँदै आएको छ । सरकारका अनुसार नयाँ कानुनअनुसार अब किसानहरुले आफ्नो उत्पादन निजी कम्पनीलाई बेच्न सक्छन् र धेरै पैसा कमाउन सक्छन् । तर, किसानहरुले भने आफूहरुले कहिले पनि निजी कम्पनीलाई उत्पादन बेच्न पाउनुपर्ने माग नगरेको भन्दै सरकारको नयाँ नियममा आपत्ति जनाएका छन् । मुम्बईमा कृषि अर्थशास्त्रका प्राध्यापक आर रामकुमार भन्छन्, ‘किसानको माग आफूहरुले धेरैभन्दा धेरै बजार पाउनुपर्ने रहँदै आएको छ । तर, नयाँ कानुनपछि भने यो सिलसिला सकिनेछ ।’ उनी थप्छन्, ‘किसानहरुको माग यो पनि छ कि धेरै उत्पादन खरिद गर्न धेरै राज्यहरुमा सरकारी खरिद केन्द्र खोल्नुपर्ने छ, जसबाट अधिकतम किसानले यसको लाभ पाउन सकुन् । तर, सरकारी खरिद केन्द्र धेरैजसो पञ्जाब, हरियाणा र पश्चिमी उत्तर प्रदेशजस्ता क्षेत्रहरुमा छ । जसको कारण यी क्षेत्रमा किसानहरुको धेरै उत्पादन सरकारले किन्ने गरेको छ । अन्य क्षेत्रमा भने सरकारले निकै कम मात्र कृषि उत्पादन खरिद गर्ने गरेको छ ।’ रामकुमारका अनुसार किसानहरुले अहिले भारतका धेरै स्थानमा भइरहेको कन्ट्याक्ट फार्मिङको नियमन हुनुपर्ने माग राखिरहेका छन् । भारत कृषिमा आधारित अर्थतन्त्र भएकाले कृषि क्षेत्रको नियम निरन्तर परिवर्तन हुँदै जानु स्वाभाविक हो । तर, अधिकांश परिवर्तन भने निकै सुस्त गतिमा भइरहेको छ । यसको केन्द्रमा किसानको हकहितको दाबी गरिएको राजनीति रहँदै आएको छ । संसदमा नयाँ कानुनको विषयलाई लिएर खिचातानी चलिरहेको छ । विपक्षीले सरकारमाथि किसानको सुझाव नमानेको आरोप लगाएको छ । सरकारले नयाँ कानुनले किसानहरुलाई बजारमा आफ्नो उत्पादन बिक्रीका लागि लाइसेन्स लिनुपर्ने जरुरी नहुने बताएको छ । किसानहरु भने आफूहरुसँग बजारको पहुँच यसअघि पनि नभएको भन्दै सरकारको कानुनको विरोध गरिरहेका छन् । उनीहरुले सरकारले बजार बिगार्दै लगेको आरोप लगाउँदै आएका छन् । भारतमा सरकारले कुनै पनि बाली लगाउने बेलामा नै न्यूनतम समर्थन मूल्य (एमएसपी) तोक्ने गरेको छ । पछि बाली उत्पादन भएपछि किसानहरुबाट उक्त उत्पादनको भाउ बजारमा कम भए पनि समर्थन मूल्यमै किन्ने गरेको छ । यद्यपि खरिद केन्द्र नै निकै कम र भएका स्थानमा पनि सीमित उत्पादन मात्र खरिद गरिने भएकाले धेरै किसानले भने यसबाट पनि लाभ लिन सकेका छैनन् । अहिले सरकारले ल्याएको नियम लागू भएपछि भने यो व्यवस्था हट्नेछ । जसको कारण किसानहरुको उत्पादन एमएसपीमा सरकारले किन्न बाध्य हुने छैन । किसानहरुलाई यो सबैभन्दा चिन्ताको विषय हो । सरकारले भने न्यूनतम समर्थन मूल्यमा नै किसानसँग कृषि उत्पादन खरिद गर्ने प्रतिबद्धता जनाउँदै आएको छ । तर, सरकारले लिखितरुपमा किसानहरुलाई यसबारेमा आश्वस्त गराउन सकेको छैन । उक्त व्यवस्थालाई कायम राख्न पनि केही कानुनी समस्याहरु उत्पन्न हुने जानकारहरुले बताउँदै आएका छन् । सरकारको ल्याएको नयाँ कानुनमा के छ ? भारत सरकारले कृषि सुधारको लागि तीन कानुन ल्याएको छ, जसमा पहिलो कानुनमा किसानले सूचीकृत बजारभन्दा बाहिर आफ्नो उत्पादन बिक्री गर्न सक्ने व्यवस्था गरिएको छ । यसरी बिक्री गर्दा उनीहरुले प्रान्तीय कर पनि बुझाउनु पर्दैन । दोस्रो, कानुनअनुसार किसानले जग्गा अनुबन्धमा लिएर खेती गर्न सक्नेछन् । साथै उनीहरुले प्रत्यक्ष बजारीकरण पनि गर्न सक्छन् । तेस्रो, कानुनअनुसार भण्डारणबाहेकका अन्न, दाल, खाने तेल, प्याजको बिक्रीलाई असाधारण परिस्थितिबाहेक स्वतन्त्र गरिएको छ । नयाँ कानुनले किसानहरुलाई धेरै विकल्प मिल्ने र मूल्यमा पनि प्रतिस्पर्धा हुने सरकारको तर्क छ । तर किसानहरुले भने पाउँदै आएको सुविधा पनि यो नियमले खोस्ने दाबी गर्दै आएका छन् । नयाँ कानुनमा आपत्ति भारतका प्रान्तीय सरकारहरु यो कानुनले राज्य सरकारको बजार राजस्वमा कमी आउनसक्ने भन्दै चिन्तित देखिएका छन् । भारतीय जनता पार्टीबाहेकको पार्टीको सरकार रहेका राज्यले खुलेरै यो कानुनले आफ्नो राज्यलाई घाटा हुने बताइसकेका छन् । भारतका विभिन्न राज्यमा बजार कर एकदेखि आठ दशमलव ५ प्रतिशतसम्म रहने गरेको छ । त्यसका साथै अन्नभण्डारको विषयलाई लिएर पनि आशंका उत्पन्न भएको छ । कृषि क्षेत्रमा यो कार्यक्रमबाट लगानी त आउँछ तर साना किसानहरुलाई यसबाट फाइदा हुनेछ । ठूला लगानीकर्ताहरुको मोलमोलाइ गर्ने सम्भावना कम हुने भएकाले साना किसानहरुले यसको फाइदा लिन नसक्ने सम्भावना रहेको जानकारहरुले बताएका छन् । स्रोत : बीबीसी