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Profile: North Korean leader Kim Jong-un - Published When Kim Jong-un took control of North Korea at just 27, the world knew little about him. The sombre, subdued and rounded figure that was often the subject of international ridicule in those early days has now made North Korea a global threat in a way his father Kim Jong-il never did. Kim Jong-un also did what no previous North Korean leader could - bring a sitting American president to the negotiating table. But historic talks with the former US President Donald Trump and early moves to improve relations with the South led nowhere eventually. Pyongyang's relationship with Washington and Seoul has since soured and turned increasingly volatile. In November, the North fired at least 23 missiles, the most it has ever launched in a day, including one that landed less than 60km off the South's city of Sokcho - the closest a North Korean missile has come to South Korea's territorial waters. Under Kim Jong-un, in 2022 alone, Pyongyang tested a record number of missiles, aimed two ballistic missiles over Japan, and has continued preparing for a seventh nuclear - one that analysts expect despite dire warnings from the US, South Korea and Japan. 'Morning Star King' Soon after Kim Jong-un, the youngest son of Kim Jong-il and his third wife Ko Yong-hui, was born in 1983 or 1984, a state-sanctioned personality cult swung into action. Mythology claimed that the Kims were a semi-divine dynasty who had a close affinity with the near-sacred Mount Paektu that sits on the Korean-Chinese border. By that logic, the young Kim would be naturally endowed with heroic qualities and preternatural strength. In fact when he was announced as the leader in 2011, the pronouncement made clear that he "inherits the ideology, leadership, courage and audacity of [his father] Comrade Kim Jong-il". Audacity was not an inappropriate word to use: within five years of coming to power, he had executed his uncle, is widely believed to have ordered the assassination of his half-brother in a Kuala Lumpur airport, and North Korea claimed it had developed a hydrogen bomb that could be mounted in an inter-continental ballistic missile (ICBM). Kim Jong-un had little political or military experience, but almost immediately after the death of his father, he was hailed as "the great successor". He was also named head of the party, state and army, and took on the mantle of North Korea's Supreme Leader. He was initially not thought to be able to take up his father's mantle. Analysts focused instead on his older brother Kim Jong-chol and older half-brother Kim Jong-nam. But Kim Jong-nam's deportation from Japan in May 2001 and Kim Jong-chol's reported "unmanliness" improved the younger Kim's chances. Analysts saw him as the heir-to-be after he was awarded a series of high-profile political posts. Swiss-educated like his brothers, Kim Jong-un avoided Western influence, returning home when not in school and dining out with the North Korean ambassador. After coming back to Pyongyang, he is known to have attended the Kim Il-sung Military University. His mother was thought to be Kim Jong-il's favourite wife, and she clearly doted on her son, reportedly calling him the "Morning Star King". In August 2010, when Kim Jong-il visited China, one report said Kim Jong-un had accompanied his father on the trip. By then he was widely seen as the heir-apparent and when Kim Jong-il died, this was quickly confirmed. Military-first Mr Kim made his first public speech as North Korea marked the 100th anniversary of the birthday of founder Kim Il-sung on 15 April 2012, praising the "military-first" doctrine and vowing the time when his nation could be threatened was "forever over". His single-minded development of North Korea's nuclear and missile programme appears to have led to rapid strides. Of the six nuclear tests that took place between 2006 and 2017, four happened under Kim Jong-un. In 2017, Pyongyang also claimed that it had successfully tested a miniaturised hydrogen bomb that could be loaded onto a long-range missile, but experts remain divided on how advanced its program is. That year it also test-fired several missiles, claiming it had tested intercontinental ballistic missiles that could reach the US. This led to fresh UN sanctions and tensions with then US President Trump's administration also spiked, leading to a fiery war of words. Yet, unexpectedly, Kim Jong-un offered an olive branch to Seoul in his new year's address, saying he was "open to dialogue". A flurry of diplomatic activity followed, with high-level meetings between the two Koreas, and they even marched under one flag in the Olympic opening ceremony. Kim Jong-un also made his first known foreign trip as leader around that time, taking a train to Beijing - North Korea's main ally and trading partner. He also tried to improve relations with Mr Trump, and in April 2018, the two leaders held historic face-to-face talks in Singapore to broker deal that would possibly lead to denuclearisation of the North. The following year, the two leaders, joined by South Korea's Moon Jae-in, participated in an impromptu but largely symbolic meeting at the demilitarised zone (DMZ) that separates North and South Korea. However, relations between the US and North Korea later deteriorated, with a second Trump-Kim summit in Hanoi in March 2019 ending abruptly without any deal. Talks stalled after the Trump administration refused to lift sanctions until Pyongyang fully abandoned its nuclear programme. Then, in January 2020, Kim Jong-un said he was ending the suspension of nuclear and long-range missile tests put in place during talks with the US, and threatened that "the world will witness a new strategic weapon". And in early 2022, North Korea announced that it had successfully launched its largest intercontinental ballistic missile to date - the Hwasong-17, which was first unveiled in 2020. But in November, an ICBM launch - Pyongyang's seventh this year - was said to have failed mid-flight. A South Korean defense source said this was believed to be the Hwasong-17. Meet the Kims Not much was known of Kim Jong-un's personal life until television footage of an unidentified woman attending events with him surfaced. In July 2012, state media announced that he was married to "Comrade Ri Sol-ju". Little is known of Ms Ri, but her stylish appearance led some analysts to suggest that she was from an upper-class family. Reports have suggested that Ms Ri may have been a singer who caught Mr Kim's attention during a performance. According to South Korean intelligence, the couple have three children. Kim Jong-un's sister, Kim Yo-jong, holds a senior post in the Workers' Party of Korea - and stole the limelight when she represented her brother at the Winter Olympics in the South. According to South Korea's spy agency, Ms Kim steers "overall state affairs" and has responsibility for Pyongyang's policy towards the US and South Korea, among other policy issues, and is "the de-facto number two leader". However, Seoul's spy agency has been wrong about North Korea in the past. It is not known whether his elder brother, Kim Jong-chol, holds an official role. The most high-profile indication of a possible power struggle within the North Korean elite came in December 2013, when Kim Jong-un ordered the execution of his uncle Chang Song-thaek. State media said he had been plotting a coup. Kim Jong-un is also widely believed to have ordered the murder of his exiled half-brother, Kim Jong-nam, in February 2017 at Kuala Lumpur International Airport. In April 2020, rumours about Kim Jong-un's health suggested he might have undergone a serious operation and there was uncertainty about his recovery. The reports were based on South Korean fringe publication Daily NK and seemed to be backed up by the fact that Kim Jong-un had missed the anniversary of his grandfather's birthday - Kim Il-sung was the almost mythical founder of North Korea. The 38-year-old's health has been a cause for concern for much of the time he has been the country's leader. He gained weight during his decade in power, leading to speculation that he could have been suffering from conditions like diabetes and gout. But in 2021 he emerged looking considerably thinner, with even state television airing concerns about his sudden weight loss. Kim Jon-un's children are reported to be too young to be even considered successors and his death or long-term incapacity may lead to a power vacuum in the nuclear state, bringing fresh instability to the region.
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‘उत्तर कोरियाबारे दक्षिणसँग मतभेद छैन’ अमेरिकी उपराष्ट्रपति माइक पेन्सले उत्तर कोरियालाई दवाब दिइरहनुपर्ने आवश्यकताबारे आफ्नो देश र दक्षिण कोरिया पूर्णतः सहमत रहेको बताएका छन्। दक्षिण कोरियामा शीतकालीन ओलिम्पिक्सको उद्घाटन समारोहमा सहभागी भएर स्वदेश फर्कने क्रममा बोल्दै उनले उक्त विषयमा दुई देशबीच 'कुनै मतभेद' नरहेको बताए। पारमाणविक कार्यक्रमसम्बन्धी तनावका बावजुद शीतकालीन ओलिम्पिक्सले दुई कोरियाबीचको सम्बन्धमा केही सुधार ल्याएको देखिन्छ। तर उत्तर कोरियाली प्रस्तावदेखि अमेरिकाले आफूलाई परै राखेको छ। प्रोत्साहित शनिवार उत्तर कोरियाली नेता किम जङ्-अनले दक्षिण कोरियाली राष्ट्रपति मून जे-इनलाई प्योङयाङ्मा वार्ताका लागि निम्तो दिएका थिए। भेट भएमा त्यो दुई कोरियाली नेताहरूबीच एक दशकभन्दा पनि लामो समयपछिको शिखरवार्ता हुनेछ। मूनले कोरियाली जनताले त्यसलाई 'सफल पार्न लगाउनुपर्ने' बताउँदै अमेरिकासँगको वार्तामा फर्कन उत्तर कोरियालाई प्रोत्साहित गरेका छन्। तर दुई देशलाई निकट ल्याउने प्रयासमा प्योङयाङ्को पारणाविक कार्यक्रम तगारो बन्नेछ। मतभेद अमेरिकी प्रशासन प्रतिबन्धहरू र राष्ट्रपति डोनल्ड ट्रम्पका कडा अभिव्यक्तिहरूमार्फत उत्तर कोरियामाथि दवाब कायम राख्न चाहन्छ। शनिवार स्वदेश फर्कनुअघि पत्रकारहरूसँग कुरा गर्दै उपराष्ट्रपति पेन्सले भने, "उत्तर कोरियाले आफ्ना पारमाणविक तथा क्षेप्यास्त्र कार्यक्रम नत्यागेसम्म उसलाई आर्थिक र कूटनीतिक रूपमा अलग्याउनुपर्ने आवश्यकताबारे अमेरिका, दक्षिण कोरिया र जापानबीच कुनै मतभेद रहेको छैन।" शीतकालीन ओलिम्पिक्स शनिवार शुरू भएपछि सोलस्थित राष्ट्रपतिको कार्यालयमा हस्तलिखित निमन्त्रणा पत्र किम जङ्-अनकी प्रभावशाली बहिनी किम यो-जङ्ले दक्षिण कोरियाली राष्ट्रपति मूनलाई थमाएकी थिइन्। दुई कोरियाबीच सन् १९५० दशकमा युद्ध भएपश्चात् उत्तर कोरियाका आलङ्कारिक राष्ट्राध्यक्ष किम यङ्-नामले पहिलो वरिष्ठ व्यक्तिको रूपमा दक्षिण कोरियाको भ्रमण गरेका हुन्।