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Pulwama attack: India will 'completely isolate' Pakistan - Published India has said it will ensure the "complete isolation" of Pakistan after a suicide bomber killed 46 paramilitary police in Indian-administered Kashmir. It claims to have "incontrovertible evidence" of its neighbour's involvement but has not provided it. Pakistan denies any role in the attack by militant group Jaish-e-Mohammad, which is based on its soil. Thursday's bombing of the convoy was the deadliest attack on Indian forces in the region for decades. Federal Minister Arun Jaitley said India would take "all possible diplomatic steps" to cut Pakistan off from the international community. But a Pakistani minister has asked India to reveal their evidence, and offered to help them investigate the attack. There has been an insurgency in Indian-administered Kashmir since the late 1980s but violence has risen in recent years. In the wake of the attack, authorities have imposed a curfew in parts of Hindu-majority Jammu city after an angry mob vandalised cars in a largely Muslim neighbourhood. Both India and Pakistan claim all of Muslim-majority Kashmir but only control parts of it. How will India 'punish' Pakistan? India says that Pakistan has long given safe haven to Jaish-e-Mohammad militants and accused it of having a "direct hand" in Thursday's attack. It has called for global sanctions against the group and for its leader, Masood Azhar, to be listed as a terrorist by the UN security council. India has tried to do this several times in the past but was repeatedly blocked by China, an ally of Pakistan. Mr Jaitley set out India's determination to hold Pakistan to account when speaking to reporters after attending a security meeting early on Friday. He also confirmed that India would revoke Most Favoured Nation status from Pakistan, a special trading privilege granted in 1996. Pakistan said it was gravely concerned by the bombing but firmly rejected allegations that it was responsible. The country's Information Minister, Fawad Chaudry, asked India to show its evidence, and offered to help the investigation into the attack. "This needs evidence," he told broadcaster CNN-News18. "This needs an investigation." India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi said in a speech that those behind the attack would pay a "heavy price", leading many analysts to expect further action from Delhi. But they say that the government's military options appear limited due to heavy snow across the region. After a 2016 attack on an Indian army base that killed 19 soldiers, Delhi said it carried out a campaign of "surgical strikes" in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, across the de facto border. But a BBC investigation found little evidence militants had been hit. How did the attack unfold? The bomber used a vehicle packed with explosives to ram a convoy of 78 buses carrying Indian security forces on the heavily guarded Srinagar-Jammu highway about 20km (12 miles) from the capital, Srinagar. The bomber is reported to be Adil Dar, a high school dropout who left home in March 2018. He is believed to be between the ages of 19 and 21. Soon after the attack, Jaish-e-Mohammad released a video in which a young man identified as Dar spoke about what he described as atrocities against Kashmiri Muslims. He said he had joined the group in 2018 and was eventually "assigned" the task of carrying out the attack in Pulwama. He also said that by the time the video was released he would be in jannat (heaven). Dar is one of many young Kashmiri men who have been radicalised in recent years. On Thursday, main opposition leader Rahul Gandhi said that the number of Kashmiri men joining militancy had risen from 88 in 2016 to 191 in 2018. India has been accused of using brutal tactics to put down protests in Kashmir - with thousands of people sustaining eye injuries from pellet guns used by security forces. 'It feels like my son is always with me' by Arvind Chhabra, BBC News Punjabi "I'm proud of my son. He has sacrificed himself for his family," says Darshan Singh, whose son, Kulwinder, died in the suicide attack in Kashmir. Mr Singh, who lives in Rauli village in Punjab, last saw Kulwinder on 10 February, before he returned to Kashmir at the end of his vacation. His son was 26 and planned to marry in November: "We talked of only his wedding. We had finalised the caterers and the venue." "It feels like my son is always with me," Mr Singh says, pointing to the jacket he is wearing. It belonged to Kulwinder and has his name embroidered on it. Darshan Singh says his son was like a friend to him and he had been waiting to see him come home with his bride. "I didn't know we would instead be waiting for his body." What's the background? There have been at least 10 suicide attacks since 1989 but this is only the second to use a vehicle. Prior to Thursday's bombing, the deadliest attack on Indian security forces in Kashmir this century came in 2002, when militants killed at least 31 people at an army base in Kaluchak, near Jammu, most of them civilians and relatives of soldiers. The latest attack comes amid a spike in violence in Kashmir that came about after Indian forces killed a popular militant, 22-year-old Burhan Wani, in 2016. More than 500 people were killed in 2018 - including civilians, security forces and militants - the highest such toll in a decade. India and Pakistan have fought three wars and a limited conflict since independence from Britain in 1947 - all but one were over Kashmir. What is Jaish-e-Mohammad? Started by cleric Masood Azhar in 2000, the group has been blamed for attacks on Indian soil in the past, including one in 2001 on the parliament in Delhi which took India and Pakistan to the brink of war. Most recently, the group was blamed for attacking an Indian air force base in 2016 near the border in Punjab state. Seven Indian security personnel and six militants were killed. India, the UK, US and UN have all designated it a "terrorist" organisation and it has been banned in Pakistan since 2002. But Masood Azhar remains at large and is reportedly based in Bahawalpur in Pakistan's Punjab province. India has demanded his extradition but Islamabad has refused, citing a lack of proof. He was arrested in Srinagar in 1999 but India released him as a part of a hostage exchange after an airliner was hijacked. How have others reacted? Mr Gandhi and two former Indian chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir condemned the attack and expressed their condolences. The attack has also been widely condemned around the world, including by the US and the UN Secretary General. The White House called on Pakistan to "end immediately the support and safe haven provided to all terrorist groups operating on its soil".
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कश्मीर आक्रमण: भारत-पाकिस्तान तनाव बढ्दा बाँकी विश्व किन चिन्तित हुन्छ? कश्मीर विश्वमा सबैभन्दा बढी सैनिकीकृत क्षेत्रमध्ये एक हो। त्यहाँ भारत र पाकिस्तानजस्ता दुई पारमाणु-शक्तिसम्पन्न देशबीच अतिसम्वेदनशील सीमारेखा पनि छ। गतसाता भारत प्रशासित कश्मीरमा कम्तीमा ४६ सुरक्षाकर्मीको ज्यान जानेगरी एउटा आत्मघाती आक्रमण भयो। भारतीय सुरक्षा बलमाथि भएको यो एउटा ठूलो रक्तपातपूर्ण आक्रमण थियो। पछि भएका भिडन्तमा सुरक्षाकर्मी, सन्दिग्ध लडाकु र गैरसैनिकको पनि मृत्यु भयो। यी घटनाहरूले त्यस क्षेत्रलाई पुन: अस्थिर पार्न सक्ने भन्दै चिन्ता व्यक्त भएका छन्। सन् २०१८ मा मात्रै त्यहाँ सर्वसाधारण, सुरक्षाबल र लडाकुसमेत पाँच सयभन्दा बढी मानिसको ज्यान गएको थियो। कश्मीरको पछिल्लो तनाव किन भयानक छ? भारत र पाकिस्तान स्वतन्त्र भएयता कश्मीर दुवै देशका लागि कलहको बीउ बनेको छ। त्यो क्षेत्र भारत र पाकिस्तान प्रशासित कश्मीरको रूपमा बाँडिएको छ। चीनको नियन्त्रणमा पनि केही भाग छ। गत साता भएको आक्रमणमा भारतीय अर्धसैनिक बलका सुरक्षाकर्मीहरूको ज्यान गएपछि खोजतलास गर्ने क्रममा सेना र विद्रोही पक्षबीच भिडन्त भएको छ। पुलवामामा भएको आक्रमणपछि भारत र पाकिस्तानबीच तनाव चुलिएको छ। तत्कालका लागि भारत-पाकिस्तान सम्बन्धमा सहज वातावरणको आशा मरेको छ। पाकिस्तानी भूमिबाट सञ्चालित हुने गरेको भनिएको लडाकु समूह जैश-ए-मोहम्मदले आक्रमणको जिम्मेवारी लिएको छ। भारतले भने पाकिस्तान सो घटना संलगन भएको आरोप लगाएको छ। भारतका विभिन्न सहरमा पाकिस्तानविरोधी प्रदर्शनहरू भएका छन् र क्रुद्ध भिडले कश्मीरी विद्यार्थी एवम् व्यापारीहरूलाई निशाना बनाएका विवरणहरू प्रकाशित भएका छन्। भारत प्रशासित कश्मीरमा सप्ताहन्तमा मोवाइलमा इन्टर्नेट सेवासमेत काटिएको थियो। पाकिस्तानले भने आक्रमणमा आफ्नो भूमिका रहेको भन्ने आरोपलाई अस्वीकार गर्दै आएको छ। पाकिस्तानका प्रधानमन्त्री इमरान खानले आफ्नो देश बिहीवार पुलवामामा भएको घटनामा संलग्न भएको प्रमाण दिन भारतलाई चुनौती दिएका छन्। वार्ताबाट मात्र कश्मीरको विवाद समाधान गर्न सकिने तर भारतले सैन्य कारबाही गरे आफूले प्रत्युत्तर दिने उनले बताएका छन्। भारत र पाकिस्तान दुवै परमाणुशक्तिसम्पन्न देश हुन्। त्यसैले गर्दा उनीहरूबीच हुने जुनसुकै द्वन्द्वले पनि नयाँ परिस्थिति सिर्जना गर्नेछ। दुई देशबीच रहेको विवादको सबैभन्दा बढी मार कश्मीरका बासिन्दाले खेप्नुपरेको छ। कश्मीर विवादकै कारण दुई देशबीच सन् १९४७ र १९६५ दुईवटा युद्ध भइसकेको छ। थुप्रै सशस्त्र अभियान, सेना र सर्वसाधारणलाई लक्षित भएका अनगिन्ती आक्रमण भइसकेका छन्। फलस्वरूप त्यस क्षेत्रको अर्थतन्त्र उच्च बेरोजगारी र राजनीतिक अस्थिरताको जगमा कमजोर बनेको छ। कश्मीरविज्ञ ब्रिटिश सांसद नजिर अहमदका अनुसार त्यस भेग आतङ्कवादी गतिविधिका लागि उर्वर भूमि बनेको छ। कश्मीरलाई बेवास्ता गरेर इस्लामिक स्टेट लडाकु र नजिकैको अफगानिस्तानमा रहेका तालिबानलाई नियन्त्रणमा राख्न गाह्रो हुने धारणा अहमद र अन्य विज्ञहरूको छ। त्यहाँ कसले शासन गर्छ? सन् १९४७ मा ब्रिटिश शासनको अन्त्य हुनुअघि नै कश्मीरबारे ठूलो विवाद थियो। जतिखेर उक्त उपमहाद्वीप हिन्दू भारत र मुस्लिम पाकिस्तानको रूपमा विभाजित भएको थियो। कश्मीरका महाराजा भारत वा पाकिस्तान कतातर्फ जाने भन्ने निर्क्योल गर्न सकेनन्। मताधिकार प्रयोग गरेर टुङ्गो लगाउने विकल्प थिएन। अन्तत: उनले भारत रोजे जसले उक्त भूमिको दाबीमाथि दुई वर्ष लामो युद्ध भयो। युद्धविराम घोषणा हुँदा पाकिस्तानले आफ्नो फौजलाई फिर्ता लैजान मानेन र कश्मीर दुई भागमा विभाजित भयो। भारत र पाकिस्तानबीच त्यस्तो विवाद चलिरहँदा सन् १९५० को दशकमा चीनले बिस्तारै पूर्वी कश्मीरलाई कब्जा गर्यो। त्यस भेगलाई अक्साईचिन चिनिन्छ। भारत र पाकिस्तानबीच दोस्रो युद्ध सन् १९६५ मा भएको थियो। सन् १९८० र १९९० को दशकको बीचमा भारतीय शासनविरुद्ध रहेको असन्तोषको रूपमा विद्रोह सुरु भयो। मानिसहरूले प्रदर्शन गर्न थाले र पाकिस्तानको सहयोगमा लडाकु समूहहरू जन्मिन थाले। सन् १९९९ मा भारतले छोटो समय पाकिस्तानद्वारा समर्थित फौजसँग तिक्ततापूर्ण लडाइँ गर्यो। त्यसबेलासम्म भारत र पाकिस्तान दुवैले आफूलाई परमाणुशक्ति भएको घोषणा गरिसकेका थिए। लडाइँ सुरु भएपछि दशौँ हजार मानिसहरूले ज्यान गुमाइसकेका छन्। कश्मीरका जनता के चाहन्छन्? सन् १९५० को दशकयता संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घले त्यस क्षेत्रका मानिसहरूको विचारलाई सम्मान गर्नेगरी कश्मीरमा जनमत सङ्ग्रह हुनुपर्छ भन्यो। भारतले सुरुमा त्यस विचारलाई अस्वीकार नगरेको भए पनि पछि उसले त्यो आवश्यक नरहेको बतायो। दिल्लीले भारत प्रशासित जम्मू-कश्मीरमा भएका निर्वाचनमार्फत् नै उनीहरू भारतीय भइसकेको भन्ने गरेको छ। पाकिस्तानले भने त्यसलाई अस्वीकार गर्दै आएको छ। उसको भनाइ छ- त्यस भूभागका धेरै मानिसहरू भारतबाट शासित हुन चाहँदैनन्। उनीहरू कि स्वतन्त्र हैसियत वा पाकिस्तानसँग मिसिन चाहन्छन्। भारत प्रशासित जम्मू-कश्मीर राज्यमा ६० प्रतिशतभन्दा बढी मुस्लिम जनसङ्ख्या छ। यो भारतमा मुस्लिम बाहुल्य भएको एक मात्र राज्य हो।