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The Judiciary: Our Judiciary is separate from our Executive. This principle is called the separation of the executive from the Judiciary.... Our Judiciary is separate from our Executive. This principle is called the separation of the executive from the Judiciary. This means that as far as possible the same official should not have both executive and judicial functions. India has a single unified judicial system. This means that all other courts act under Supreme Court. Different Courts of the Country:- The Supreme Court:- The Supreme Court is in New Delhi. It is made up of a Chief Justice of India and 25 other judges. The Judges of Supreme Court hold office until the age of 65. In making the appointment of the Chief Justice the President Can consult other judges of the Supreme Court but in case of the appointment of other judges, the Chief Justice is always consulted. (i) Qualifications of the Chief Justice and Other Judges:- Indian citizen who has served as an advocate in a High Court for at least 10 years or a judge of a High Court for 5 years or a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the President. (ii) Removal of the Judges:- The judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts can be removed before time only by a special procedure called (Impeachment). They can be removed on the ground of proven misbehavior or incapacity. The Parliament (both houses) should pass the resolution by a two-third majority of the members present and voting, and this number again, should not be less than a majority of the total membership of the house. Then President can by an order remove the Judge. The Judge facing the impeachment is provided the chance to put his side into his defence. (iii) Salaries:- The salary of the Chief Justice of India is Rs. 100,000 and of other judges is Rs 90,000. Jurisdiction of Supreme Court:- (1) Original Jurisdiction:- The cases that can come only before the Supreme Court are called the matters of original jurisdiction. These are cases in which (i) the dispute is between the Government of India and one or more states, (ii) between the Government of India and one or more states on the one side and one or more states on the other, and (iii) between two or more states, These types of cases cannot be heared by any other court (If a citizen feels that his fundamental rights have^been taken away, he can go straight to the Supreme Court.) (2) Appellate Jurisdiction:- Any person can go to Supreme Court and appeal to the Supreme Court against the decision given by the lower court (High Court or National Tribunal). Three types of appeals can be made to the Supreme Court:- (i) interpretation of Constitution (ii) Civil cases and (iii) Criminal cases. (3) Advisory Jurisdiction:- The President can consult the Supreme Court for its advice. The Supreme Court in such cases would consider it, and give its opinion to the President^ but such opinion is not binding on the President. Court of Record:- Supreme Court is a court of record. This means that all the decisions and proceedings of Supreme Court are kept as records. These decisions can be put as examples before any court. The High Courts:- (i) Ordinarily every state has a High Court, but two states may have one High Court. Haryana and Punjab have one High Court (Chandigarh). (ii) There are 21 High Courts in India. Although India has 28 states. Delhi is the only Union Territory which has its own High Court. (iii) The High Court consists of a Chief Justice and some other judges. In case of appointing the Chief Justice of a High Court the President consults the Chief Justice oflndia and the State Govemor When he appoints the other High Court Judges, he consults apart from these two, the Chief Justice, of the High Court. (iv) The Judges High Court retire at the age of 62. The Qualifications:- Citizen of India who has served for ten years as an official of the Judiciary, i.e., in a subordinate court; or has been an advocate of a High Court for ten years. The judges of the High Court can be transferred.
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२६ पुस, काठमाडौं । सात प्रदेशका उच्च अदालतहरुका लागि ८२ जना न्यायाधीशको नियुक्ति मंगलबारै टुंगो लाग्ने सम्भावना रहेको न्याय परिषद स्रोतले जनाएको छ । न्यायाधीशको नाम टुंगो लगाउन केही दिनदेखि न्याय परिषदको बैठक निरन्तर बसिरहेको छ । प्रत्येक दिन आज टुंगो लगाउने भन्दै बैठक बसे पनि कुरा मिलिसकेको छैन । न्याय परिषद अध्यक्ष समेत रहेकी प्रधानन्यायाधीश सुशीला कार्कीले चाँडो टुंगो लगाउन चाहेको स्रोतले जनाएको छ । परिषद सदस्य रहेका बरिष्ठतम न्यायाधीश बैद्यनाथ उपाध्पाय उमेर हदका कारण पुस मसान्तमा अवकाश हुँदैछन् । उपाध्यायको बहिर्गमन अगावै न्यायाधीश नियुक्ति टुङ्याउने तयारी न्याय परिषदले गरेको छ । उपाध्यायपछि बरिष्ठताका आधारमा गोपालप्रसाद पराजुली न्याय परिषद सदस्य हुनेछन् । कार्की र पराजुलीबीच सुमधुर सम्बन्ध नरहेका कारण पराजुली आउनुअघि नै न्यायाधीसको टुंगो लगाउन खोजिएको स्रोतले जनाएको छ । पराजुली उमेर विवादमा फसेका न्यायाधीश हुन् । न्याय परिषद स्रोतका अनुसार परिषद अध्यक्षसहित ५ जना सदस्यलाई ६/६ जना न्यायाधीश नियुक्तिको कोटा छुट्याइएको छ । यस हिसाबले ३० जना न्यायाधीश न्याय सेवा बाहिर अर्थात कानुन व्यवसायीहरुबाट आउनेछन् । बाँकी ५२ जना न्यायाधीश भने सर्बोच्च अदालतका रजिष्ट्रार, सह रजिष्टार, महान्यायाधिवक्ताको कार्यालय, कानुन मन्त्रालयका सचिव, सहसचिवहरुको कोटा मध्येबाट चयन हुनेछन् । न्याय परिषदमा हाल प्रधानन्यायाधीश कार्की र बरिष्ठ न्यायाधीश बैद्यनाथ उपाध्याय बाहेक अन्य तीनजना राजनीतिक पार्टीका व्यक्ति छन् । कानुनमन्त्री अजयशंकर नायक र सदस्य पदमप्रसाद वैदिक माओवादीका हुन् भने रामप्रसाद सिटौला कांग्रेसका हुन् । यसपटकको न्यायाधीश भागबण्डामा एमाले न्यायपरिषदमा भूमिकाविहीन अवस्थामा छ । को-को छन् चर्चामा ? न्याय परिपषद सदस्यहरुको कोटाबाट सबैभन्दा धेरै कांग्रेसका वकिलहरु न्यायाधीश बन्न पाउने भएका छन् । किनकि बरिष्ठ न्यायाधीश बैद्यनाथ उपाध्यायको झुकाब पनि कांग्रेसतिरै छ । स्रोतका अनुसार प्रधानन्यायाधीश र माओवादीकै कोटाभित्रबाट केही एमालेकिट वकिलहरु न्यायाधीश हुने सम्भावना छ । माओवादीले एमालेलाई भाग दिन यसकारण बाध्य छ कि सभामुख ओनसरी घर्तीले संसद सचिवालयको सचिवका लागि सिफारिस गरेका गोपाल योगीको नियुक्ति राष्ट्रपति कार्यालयमा रोकिएको छ, त्यसमा उनीहरुवीच सम्झौता हुन सक्छ । माओवादीसँग न्यायाधीश बन्ने वकिलहरुको संख्या पनि कांग्रेस र एमालेको तुलनामा निकै कम छ । योगीको नियुक्ति राष्ट्रपति कार्यालयले फुकुवा गर्न एमालेले राष्ट्रपतिलाई मनाउने र त्यसवापत एमाले निकट वकिलहरु वामदेव ज्ञवाली, यमुना भट्टराई, मिलन राई, मिरा ढुंगाना, सानुराज पोखरेल मध्येबाट न्यायाधीश बनाउने गरी लेनदेनको तयारी भइरहेको स्रोतले जनाएको छ । नेपाली कांग्रेसको कोटाबाट लीलामणि पौडेल, शान्ता सेढाई, जनकराज पाण्डे लगायतको नाम चर्चामा छ । सर्वोच्चका रजिष्ट्रार श्रीकान्त पौडेल पनि उच्च अदालतको न्यायाधीश हुँदैछन् । उच्च अदालतको न्यायाधीशमा कानुन मन्त्रालयका सचिव टेकप्रसाद ढुंगानाको नाम पनि प्रस्ताव भएको न्याय परिषद स्रोतले जनाएको छ । त्यस्तै प्रधानमन्त्री कार्यालयका सचिव कमलशाली घिमिरे, कानुन आयोगका सचिव रवि शर्मा अर्याल पनि न्यायाधीशको दौडमा छन् । जिल्ला न्यायाधीशहरुबाट ३७ जनालाई ल्याउने तयारी भइरहेको छ । न्याय सेवाका अधिकृतहरु असन्तुष्ट कानुन व्यवसायीहरुबाट न्याय परिषद सदस्यहरुको कोटामा एकैपटक ३० जना न्यायाधीश बनाउन लागिएको भन्दै न्याय सेवाका कर्मचारीहरुबीच असन्तुष्टि बढेको छ । दलको कोटाबाट न्यायाधीश बन्न पाइने भएपछि लोकसेवा पास गरेर दुःख गरेकाहरु निराश बनेको एक अधिकृतले बताए । त्यसैले पछिल्लो समय लोकसेवाले न्याय सेवाको दरवन्दी माग्दा कोटा पुग्न समेत मुस्किल हुने गरेको छ । ‘लोकसेवा पास गरेर अधिकृत, उपसचिव, सहसचिव हुन दुृःख गर्नुभन्दा बीएल गरेर सिधै पार्टीको कोटामा न्यायाधीश बन्न पाउने भएपछि किन दुःख गर्ने भन्ने भएको छ’ ती अधिकृतले भने । अन्य मुलुकमा आधारभूत रुपमा न्याय सेवाका कर्मचारीलाई उच्च अदालतमा लाने प्रचलन छ । शुरुको अदालतमा काम नगरेको न्यायाधीश एकैचोटि माथिको अदालतमा राम्रोसँग काम गर्न सक्दैन भन्ने मान्यताले वकिललाई जिल्ला न्यायाधीशबाट शुरु गराउने प्रचलन हुनुपर्नेमा नेपालमा उल्टो भएको न्ययासेवाका अधिकारीको गुनासो छ ।