https___tnoncology.com_cancer-types-skin-cancer-non-melanoma_.xml
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Cancer Types – Skin Cancer (Non-Melanoma) Contents Skin Cancer (Non-Melanoma): Overview About the skin The skin is the body’s largest organ. It protects the body against infection and injury and helps regulate body temperature. The skin also stores water and fat and produces vitamin D. The skin is made up of 3 main layers: - The epidermis. The outer layer of skin. - The dermis. The inner layer of skin. - The hypodermis. The deep layer of fat. See the Medical Illustrations section for a drawing of these layers. About skin cancer Cancer begins when healthy cells change and grow out of control, forming a mass called a tumor. A tumor can be cancerous or benign. A cancerous tumor is malignant, meaning it can grow and spread to other parts of the body. A benign tumor means the tumor can grow but will not spread. Doctors diagnose more than 3 million Americans with skin cancer each year, making it the most common type of cancer. If skin cancer is found early, it can usually be cured with topical medications, procedures done in the office by a dermatologist, or a relatively simple surgery. As a result, skin cancer is responsible for less than 1% of all cancer deaths. Types of skin cancer There are 4 main types of skin cancer: - Basal cell carcinoma. Basal cells are the round cells found in the lower epidermis. About 80% of skin cancers develop from this type of cell. These cancers are described as basal cell carcinomas. Basal cell carcinoma most often develops on the head and neck, although it can be found anywhere on the skin. It is mainly caused by sun exposure or develops in people who received radiation therapy as children. This type of skin cancer usually grows slowly and rarely spreads to other parts of the body. - Squamous cell carcinoma. Most of the epidermis is made up of flat, scale-like cells called squamous cells. Around 20% of skin cancers develop from these cells, and these cancers are called squamous cell carcinomas. Squamous cell carcinoma is mainly caused by sun exposure, so it may be diagnosed on many regions of the skin. It can also develop on skin that has been burned, damaged by chemicals, or exposed to x-rays. Squamous cell carcinoma is commonly found on the lips; at sites of a long-standing scar; and on the skin outside the mouth, anus, and a woman’s vagina. About 2% to 5% of squamous cell carcinomas spread to other parts of the body, which makes it more likely to spread than basal cell carcinoma. - Merkel cell cancer. Merkel cell cancer is a highly aggressive, or fast-growing, rare cancer. It starts in hormone-producing cells just beneath the skin and in the hair follicles. It is usually found in the head and neck region. Merkel cell cancer may also be called neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin or trabecular cancer. - Melanoma. Where the epidermis meets the dermis, there are scattered cells called melanocytes. These cells produce the pigment melanin, which gives skin its color. Melanoma starts in melanocytes, and it is the most serious type of skin cancer. For more information about melanoma, please visit the melanoma section. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are generally grouped together and called “keratinocyte carcinomas,” because they begin in a type of skin cell called a keratinocyte, or “non-melanoma skin cancer” to distinguish them from melanoma. Melanoma is treated differently because it is more likely to spread than other skin cancers. Typically, non-melanoma skin cancers can be treated with topical medications, procedures at a dermatologist’s office, or a relatively simple surgery. A dermatologist is a doctor who specializes in diseases and conditions of the skin. If the cancer is very small, medicated creams prescribed by a doctor, cauterization (burning), cryosurgery (freezing), or laser surgery may be used (see Treatment Options). There are a few other rare types of skin cancer, including cutaneous (skin) lymphomas, Kaposi sarcoma, skin adnexal tumors, and sarcomas, all of which are classified as non-melanoma skin cancers. The rest of this section focuses on the more common non-melanoma skin cancers. Read more about skin cancer (non-melanoma) here.
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छालाको क्यान्सर आम हो । धेरैलाई अहिले छालाको क्यान्सरले सताइरहेको छ । कतिपय असावधानी वा बेवास्ताले छालाको क्यान्सर जटिल चरणमा पुग्न सक्छ । तपाईं÷हामीलाई थाहा छ, क्यान्सरको सुरुवाती अवस्थामा उपचार संभव छ । तर, जटिल अवस्थामा पुगेपछि उपचार खर्चालु मात्र होइन, असंभव पनि हुनसक्छ । क्यान्सरको जोखिम हुने व्यक्तिलाई मात्र छालाको क्यान्सर नहुन सक्छ । कालो छाला, कपाल तथा आँखा भएको मान्छे सहित जुनसुकै व्यक्तिलाई पनि छालाको क्यान्सर हुनसक्छ । त्यसबाहेक, घाममा धेरै समय विताएमा, परिवारमा कसैलाई छालाको क्यान्सर भएमा, शरीर तथा छालामा अत्याधिक कोठी भएमा, छाला संवेदनशील भएमा, घाममा बस्दा छाला पोलेमा वा छालामा कत्ला परेमा, छाला, आँखा तथा कपालको रङ्ग हल्का भएमा पनि त्यस्ता व्यक्तिलाई छालाको क्यान्सर हुने सम्भावना अत्याधिक हुन्छ । के छ त जोखिमबाट बच्ने काइदा ? –विहान दश बजेदेखि बेलुकी चार बजेसम्मको घामबाट बच्ने । –सुर्यको हानीकारक विकिरणबाट बच्न शरीर डाक्ने लुगा लगाउने । –घरबाट बाहिर निस्कदाँ जहिले पनि १५ वा सो भन्दा धेरै एसपीएस भएको सन्सक्रिमको प्रयोग गर्ने । र, बोतलमा उल्लेख गरेको निर्देश अनुसार पुन प्रयोग गर्ने । –छालाको क्यान्सरको लक्षणबारे जानकारी राख्ने । –प्रत्येक महिना छालाको जाँच गर्ने । छालामा कुनै पनि बदलाव देखिएमा तुरुन्तै चिकित्सकलाई सम्पर्क गर्ने । कति प्रकारका हुन्छन् ? छालाको क्यान्सर तीन प्रकारको हुन्छ, बेसल सेल कार्सिनोमा, स्क्वामोस सेल कार्सिनोमा र मेलोनोमा । बेसल सेल कार्सिनोमा छालाको क्यान्सरका प्रकारहरुमध्य बेसल सेल कार्सिनोमा सबैभन्दा सामान्य प्रकार हो । यो क्यान्सर छालाको सबैभन्दा तल्लो परतको मूल कोशिकामा विकास हुने गर्छ । यो क्यान्सर विस्तारै विस्तारै बढछ, र अन्य भागमा फैलिन्छ । त्यसैले, यसको उपचार समय रहँदै गर्न जरुरी छ । यो क्यान्सर विशेषत अनुहार, कान, टाउको लगायत घाममा एक्सपोज हुने ठाउँमा हुने गर्छ । यो क्यान्सर भएमा छालामा मोतीजस्तो दाना वा मासुको डल्लो देखा पर्छ । मासुको डल्लो गुलाबी देखिने गर्छ । छालामा रातो दाग देखा पर्छ । घाउ ठिक भएर पछि आलो हुने गर्छ । स्क्वामोस सेल कार्सिनोमा यो क्यान्सर छालाको माथिल्लो परतको बाहिर कोशिकामा हुन्छ । मुखको भित्र, जनेन्द्रीय क्षेत्र सहित स्क्वामोस सेल कार्सिनोमा क्यान्सर कही पनि हुनसक्छ । त्यसैले , यो क्यान्सर फैलिनबाट रोक्न सुरुमै जाँच आवश्यक छ । मेलोनोमा मेलोनोमा क्यान्सर छालालाई रङ्ग प्रदान गर्ने कोशिकाबाट सुरु हुन्छ । यो क्यान्सर अन्य टिस्यू तथा अंगमा छिटोछिटो फैलिन सक्छ । यद्यपी, सुरुमा उपचार गरेमा यो क्यान्सर ठिक हुनसक्छ । त्यसको लागि छालामा आएको बदलाव वा नयाँ छाला वा छालामा रहेको मासुमा ध्यान दिनु पर्छ । त्यस्तै, उक्त मासुको आधा भाग छालाको अन्य भागको मासुको रङ्गसित नमिलेमा, छालाको रङ्ग एक भन्दा धेरै भएमा वा छालाको रङ्गसित नमिलेमा, छुदाँ अर्कै खालको मससुस भएमा, छाला चिलाएमा, सुख्खा भएमा, गाठो भएमा, सुन्निएमा वा नरम भएमा पनि मेलोनोमा क्यान्सर भएको हुनसक्छ । के छ त उपचार विधी ? यसको उपचारमा छालाबाट क्यान्सर भएको छालाको सम्भावित टिस्यूलाई हटाउन सकिन्छ । यसको लागि चिकित्सकको परामर्शमा बायोप्सी जाँचको लागि प्रयोगशालामा पठाउन सकिन्छ । यदी छालाको क्यान्सर भएको पत्ता लागेमा यसको उपचार रेडियो थेरापी तथा किमोथेरापीमार्फत गर्न सकिन्छ । अनलाइनखबर बाट सभार