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Kashmir attack: Bomb kills 40 Indian paramilitary police in convoy - Published At least 40 Indian paramilitary police have been killed in a bomb attack by militants on their convoy in Indian-administered Kashmir. Police told the BBC that a car filled with explosives had rammed a bus carrying the troops to Srinagar. Pakistan-based Islamist group Jaish-e-Mohammad said it was behind the attack. It is the deadliest militant attack on Indian forces in Kashmir since the insurgency against Indian rule began in 1989. India has called for international sanctions against Jaish-e-Mohammad's leader, Masood Azhar. Pakistan said the attack was a matter of "grave concern" but rejected suggestions that it was responsible for it. Both India and Pakistan claim all of Muslim-majority Kashmir but only control parts of it. What happened? The blast took place on the heavily guarded Srinagar-Jammu highway about 20km (12 miles) from the main city in Indian-administered Kashmir, Srinagar. Indian media reports said that at about 15:15 local time (09:45 GMT) a car carrying between 300 and 350kg (660-770lb) of explosives struck a convoy of about 70 vehicles that was carrying about 2,500 troops to the Kashmir Valley. "A car overtook the convoy and rammed into a bus with 44 personnel on board," a senior police official told BBC Urdu's Riyaz Masroor. The official said the death toll might increase because dozens were "critically injured". The highway had previously been closed for a week because of snow, reports said. AFP news agency said Jaish-e Mohammad had told local media it had carried out a suicide bombing. What has the reaction been? Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has strongly condemned the attack. Attack on CRPF personnel in Pulwama is despicable. I strongly condemn this dastardly attack. The sacrifices of our brave security personnel shall not go in vain. The entire nation stands shoulder to shoulder with the families of the brave martyrs. May the injured recover quickly.— Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) February 14, 2019 Home Minister Rajnath Singh said Jaish-e-Mohammad was "Pakistan-based and Pakistan-backed" while Finance Minister Arun Jaitley said those responsible would be given an "unforgettable lesson for their heinous act". However in a statement the Pakistani government said it strongly rejected "any insinuation by elements in the Indian media and government that seek to link the attack to Pakistan without investigations". The US, the UN Secretary General and many other countries have condemned the attack. Two former Indian chief ministers of the state, Omar Abdullah and Mehbooba Mufti, tweeted about it. Terrible news coming from the valley. A number of CRPF soldiers are reported to have been killed & injured in an IED blast. I condemn this attack in the strongest possible terms. My prayers for the injured & condolences to the families of the bereaved. #Kashmir— Omar Abdullah (@OmarAbdullah) February 14, 2019 Disturbing news coming in from #awantipura . Twelve of our security personnel have been martyred and several have been injured. No words are enough to condemn the gruesome terror attack. How many more lives will be snuffed out before this madness ends?— Mehbooba Mufti (@MehboobaMufti) February 14, 2019 Modi's dilemma By Ethirajan Anbarasan, BBC South Asia regional editor The Indian security establishment had been chest-thumping in recent months on how they managed to contain the insurgency. This attack though is a reminder the conflict is far from over. The incident could increase tensions between India and Pakistan. The Indian government had already pointed the finger at Pakistan for allegedly supporting militant groups like Jaish-e-Mohammad. Pakistan denies those accusations. Some blame India's Hindu nationalist BJP government for not initiating steps to start peace negotiations with Kashmiri groups and also with Pakistan. The Indian government faces a dilemma - any strong-arm tactics will further alienate the Kashmiri population. But not being seen to be doing anything on the ground will not augur well for Mr Modi, who is seeking re-election in a couple of months. What's the background? There have been at least 10 suicide attacks since 1989 but this is only the second suicide attack to use a car. Prior to Thursday's bombing, the deadliest attack on Indian security forces in Kashmir this century came in 2002, when militants killed at least 31 people at an army base in Kaluchak near Jammu, most of them civilians and relatives of soldiers. At least 19 Indian soldiers were killed when militants stormed a base in Uri in 2016. Delhi blamed that attack on the Pakistani state, which denied any involvement. The latest attack also follows a spike in violence in Kashmir that came about after Indian forces killed a popular militant, 22-year-old Burhan Wani, in 2016. More than 500 people were killed in 2018 - including civilians, security forces and militants - the highest such toll in a decade. India and Pakistan have fought three wars and a limited conflict since independence from Britain in 1947 - all but one were over Kashmir. Who are Jaish-e-Mohammad? Started by cleric Masood Azhar in 2000, the group has been blamed for attacks on Indian soil in the past, including one in 2001 on the parliament in Delhi which took India and Pakistan to the brink of war. It is also said to have introduced suicide bombings in Kashmir, with the first such attack taking place in 2000. It has been designated a "terrorist" organisation by India, the UK, US and UN and has been banned in Pakistan since 2002. However Masood Azhar remains at large and is reportedly based in the Bahawalpur area in Pakistan's Punjab province. Previous Indian efforts to have him designated a terrorist by the UN have been blocked by China, an ally of Pakistan. India has also demanded his extradition from Pakistan but Islamabad has refused, citing a lack of proof.
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कश्मीर आक्रमण: भारत-पाकिस्तान तनाव बढ्दा बाँकी विश्व किन चिन्तित हुन्छ? कश्मीर विश्वमा सबैभन्दा बढी सैनिकीकृत क्षेत्रमध्ये एक हो। त्यहाँ भारत र पाकिस्तानजस्ता दुई पारमाणु-शक्तिसम्पन्न देशबीच अतिसम्वेदनशील सीमारेखा पनि छ। गतसाता भारत प्रशासित कश्मीरमा कम्तीमा ४६ सुरक्षाकर्मीको ज्यान जानेगरी एउटा आत्मघाती आक्रमण भयो। भारतीय सुरक्षा बलमाथि भएको यो एउटा ठूलो रक्तपातपूर्ण आक्रमण थियो। पछि भएका भिडन्तमा सुरक्षाकर्मी, सन्दिग्ध लडाकु र गैरसैनिकको पनि मृत्यु भयो। यी घटनाहरूले त्यस क्षेत्रलाई पुन: अस्थिर पार्न सक्ने भन्दै चिन्ता व्यक्त भएका छन्। सन् २०१८ मा मात्रै त्यहाँ सर्वसाधारण, सुरक्षाबल र लडाकुसमेत पाँच सयभन्दा बढी मानिसको ज्यान गएको थियो। कश्मीरको पछिल्लो तनाव किन भयानक छ? भारत र पाकिस्तान स्वतन्त्र भएयता कश्मीर दुवै देशका लागि कलहको बीउ बनेको छ। त्यो क्षेत्र भारत र पाकिस्तान प्रशासित कश्मीरको रूपमा बाँडिएको छ। चीनको नियन्त्रणमा पनि केही भाग छ। गत साता भएको आक्रमणमा भारतीय अर्धसैनिक बलका सुरक्षाकर्मीहरूको ज्यान गएपछि खोजतलास गर्ने क्रममा सेना र विद्रोही पक्षबीच भिडन्त भएको छ। पुलवामामा भएको आक्रमणपछि भारत र पाकिस्तानबीच तनाव चुलिएको छ। तत्कालका लागि भारत-पाकिस्तान सम्बन्धमा सहज वातावरणको आशा मरेको छ। पाकिस्तानी भूमिबाट सञ्चालित हुने गरेको भनिएको लडाकु समूह जैश-ए-मोहम्मदले आक्रमणको जिम्मेवारी लिएको छ। भारतले भने पाकिस्तान सो घटना संलगन भएको आरोप लगाएको छ। भारतका विभिन्न सहरमा पाकिस्तानविरोधी प्रदर्शनहरू भएका छन् र क्रुद्ध भिडले कश्मीरी विद्यार्थी एवम् व्यापारीहरूलाई निशाना बनाएका विवरणहरू प्रकाशित भएका छन्। भारत प्रशासित कश्मीरमा सप्ताहन्तमा मोवाइलमा इन्टर्नेट सेवासमेत काटिएको थियो। पाकिस्तानले भने आक्रमणमा आफ्नो भूमिका रहेको भन्ने आरोपलाई अस्वीकार गर्दै आएको छ। पाकिस्तानका प्रधानमन्त्री इमरान खानले आफ्नो देश बिहीवार पुलवामामा भएको घटनामा संलग्न भएको प्रमाण दिन भारतलाई चुनौती दिएका छन्। वार्ताबाट मात्र कश्मीरको विवाद समाधान गर्न सकिने तर भारतले सैन्य कारबाही गरे आफूले प्रत्युत्तर दिने उनले बताएका छन्। भारत र पाकिस्तान दुवै परमाणुशक्तिसम्पन्न देश हुन्। त्यसैले गर्दा उनीहरूबीच हुने जुनसुकै द्वन्द्वले पनि नयाँ परिस्थिति सिर्जना गर्नेछ। दुई देशबीच रहेको विवादको सबैभन्दा बढी मार कश्मीरका बासिन्दाले खेप्नुपरेको छ। कश्मीर विवादकै कारण दुई देशबीच सन् १९४७ र १९६५ दुईवटा युद्ध भइसकेको छ। थुप्रै सशस्त्र अभियान, सेना र सर्वसाधारणलाई लक्षित भएका अनगिन्ती आक्रमण भइसकेका छन्। फलस्वरूप त्यस क्षेत्रको अर्थतन्त्र उच्च बेरोजगारी र राजनीतिक अस्थिरताको जगमा कमजोर बनेको छ। कश्मीरविज्ञ ब्रिटिश सांसद नजिर अहमदका अनुसार त्यस भेग आतङ्कवादी गतिविधिका लागि उर्वर भूमि बनेको छ। कश्मीरलाई बेवास्ता गरेर इस्लामिक स्टेट लडाकु र नजिकैको अफगानिस्तानमा रहेका तालिबानलाई नियन्त्रणमा राख्न गाह्रो हुने धारणा अहमद र अन्य विज्ञहरूको छ। त्यहाँ कसले शासन गर्छ? सन् १९४७ मा ब्रिटिश शासनको अन्त्य हुनुअघि नै कश्मीरबारे ठूलो विवाद थियो। जतिखेर उक्त उपमहाद्वीप हिन्दू भारत र मुस्लिम पाकिस्तानको रूपमा विभाजित भएको थियो। कश्मीरका महाराजा भारत वा पाकिस्तान कतातर्फ जाने भन्ने निर्क्योल गर्न सकेनन्। मताधिकार प्रयोग गरेर टुङ्गो लगाउने विकल्प थिएन। अन्तत: उनले भारत रोजे जसले उक्त भूमिको दाबीमाथि दुई वर्ष लामो युद्ध भयो। युद्धविराम घोषणा हुँदा पाकिस्तानले आफ्नो फौजलाई फिर्ता लैजान मानेन र कश्मीर दुई भागमा विभाजित भयो। भारत र पाकिस्तानबीच त्यस्तो विवाद चलिरहँदा सन् १९५० को दशकमा चीनले बिस्तारै पूर्वी कश्मीरलाई कब्जा गर्यो। त्यस भेगलाई अक्साईचिन चिनिन्छ। भारत र पाकिस्तानबीच दोस्रो युद्ध सन् १९६५ मा भएको थियो। सन् १९८० र १९९० को दशकको बीचमा भारतीय शासनविरुद्ध रहेको असन्तोषको रूपमा विद्रोह सुरु भयो। मानिसहरूले प्रदर्शन गर्न थाले र पाकिस्तानको सहयोगमा लडाकु समूहहरू जन्मिन थाले। सन् १९९९ मा भारतले छोटो समय पाकिस्तानद्वारा समर्थित फौजसँग तिक्ततापूर्ण लडाइँ गर्यो। त्यसबेलासम्म भारत र पाकिस्तान दुवैले आफूलाई परमाणुशक्ति भएको घोषणा गरिसकेका थिए। लडाइँ सुरु भएपछि दशौँ हजार मानिसहरूले ज्यान गुमाइसकेका छन्। कश्मीरका जनता के चाहन्छन्? सन् १९५० को दशकयता संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घले त्यस क्षेत्रका मानिसहरूको विचारलाई सम्मान गर्नेगरी कश्मीरमा जनमत सङ्ग्रह हुनुपर्छ भन्यो। भारतले सुरुमा त्यस विचारलाई अस्वीकार नगरेको भए पनि पछि उसले त्यो आवश्यक नरहेको बतायो। दिल्लीले भारत प्रशासित जम्मू-कश्मीरमा भएका निर्वाचनमार्फत् नै उनीहरू भारतीय भइसकेको भन्ने गरेको छ। पाकिस्तानले भने त्यसलाई अस्वीकार गर्दै आएको छ। उसको भनाइ छ- त्यस भूभागका धेरै मानिसहरू भारतबाट शासित हुन चाहँदैनन्। उनीहरू कि स्वतन्त्र हैसियत वा पाकिस्तानसँग मिसिन चाहन्छन्। भारत प्रशासित जम्मू-कश्मीर राज्यमा ६० प्रतिशतभन्दा बढी मुस्लिम जनसङ्ख्या छ। यो भारतमा मुस्लिम बाहुल्य भएको एक मात्र राज्य हो।