https___www.space.com_39987-stephen-hawking-best-books.html.xml
https___tajajankari.com_stephen-william-hawking__1.xml
1.1 2.1 2.2 3.1 4.1 5.1 6.1 6.2 7.1 8.1 9.1 10.1 10.2 11.1 12.1 12.2 13.1 14.1 15.1 16.1 17.1 18.1 19.1 19.2 20.1 21.1 21.2 22.1 23.1 23.2
Introduction Physicist Stephen Hawking, whose death was announced March 14, wrote prodigiously for both a popular audience and the scientific community over the course of his career, authoring or co-authoring at least 15 books, according to his personal website. Here's a look through Hawking's written works and select co-authored works. "The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time" (1973) Hawking's first book, "The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time" (Cambridge University Press, 1973), written with George Ellis, wasn't for a popular audience at all — it's a physics textbook that uses Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity to explain how massive stars turn into black holes and how singularities can exist in space-time. "A Brief History of Time" (1988) The first popular book that Hawking wrote, "A Brief History of Time" (Bantam Press, 1988) takes nonscientists through the fundamentals of cosmology — the origin of the universe and how it might end. The book dives into gravity, black holes, the Big Bang, the nature of time and the search for a grand unifying theory that ties it all together. "Black Holes and Baby Universes" (1993) "Black Holes and Baby Universes" (Bantam Press, 1993) is a collection of Hawking's essays, ranging from the scientific, such as the makeup of black holes, to the personal, such as his experiences growing up and life with a neurodegenerative disorder. "The Universe in a Nutshell" (2001) Hawking's book "The Universe in a Nutshell" (Bantam Books, 2001) explored cutting-edge research into theoretical physics, describing concepts including supergravity, supersymmetry, quantum theory, M-theory and more for a nonexpert audience. The book updates readers on developments made since "A Brief History of Time." "On the Shoulders of Giants" (2002) Hawking compiles the works of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Einstein in "On the Shoulders of Giants" (Running Press Adult, 2002), providing a look at seven classic physics and astronomy papers. Hawking also included five essays of his own and biographies of each of the physicists. Hawking released a similar book, "The Dreams That Stuff Is Made Of," in 2011, highlighting "the most astounding papers of quantum physics." "A Briefer History of Time" (2005) "A Briefer History of Time" (Bantam Press, 2005), written with Leonard Mlodinow, is a more accessible version of the material covered in "A Brief History of Time" and includes updates from the intervening 17 years of theory. "God Created the Integers" (2005) In "God Created the Integers" (Running Press Adult, 2005), Hawking documents the highlights of 2,500 years of math history, including biographies of important mathematicians and reproductions of their work. "George's Secret Key to the Universe" and sequels (2007 – 2016) This kids' series written by Hawking and his daughter Lucy, along with Christophe Galfard, follows middle schoolers George and Annie as they go on adventures and learn about cosmology, traveling to other planets and even a black hole in the first book. The other books in the series are "George's Cosmic Treasure Hunt," "George and the Big Bang," "George and the Unbreakable Code" and "George and the Blue Moon" (all published by Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers). "The Grand Design" (2010) With vivid illustrations, Hawking and Mlodinow's "The Grand Design" delves into the origins of the universe and the nature of reality. The book covers multiverses and other ways that all possible histories and realities might exist, and evaluates whether M-theory might provide a unified theory of how the universe works. "My Brief History" (2013) "My Brief History" (Bantam Press, 2013) offers an introspective look at Hawking's life and intellectual growth. He also discusses the making of "A Brief History of Time" and how his diagnosis drove him onward to make intellectual breakthroughs.
1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 6.1 7.1 8.1 9.1 10.1 11.1 12.1 13.1 14.1 15.1 16.1 16.2 17.1 18.1 19.1 20.1 21.1 22.1 23.1 24.1 25.1 26.1 27.1 28.1
Stephen William Hawking (स्टेफेन विलियम हकिङ) सन् १९४२ जनवरी ८ अक्सफोर्ड, इंग्ल्याण्डमा मा जन्म भएको थियो। २१ औं शताब्दीको समयमा विश्वका महान वैज्ञानिक भौतिकशास्त्री स्टेफेन हकिङ लाई निकै शक्तिशाली व्यक्ति मानीएको छ । Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis (ALS)रोगका कारण २१ वर्षको उमेरदेखि नै पीडित हुनुभएको स्टेफेन वैज्ञानिक गणित, भौतिकशास्त्र र खगोल विज्ञानमा गहन रुचि राख्नुहुन्थ्यो। स्टेफेन हकिङ गणित र भौतिकशास्त्र का विद्वान स्टेफेन हकिङ आइज्याक न्युटन, अल्वर्ट आइन्स्टाइन पछिका विशिष्ट विद्वान का रुपमा लिने गरिएको पाइन्छ। विद्यार्थी अवस्थामा २१ वर्षको उमेर मै Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis (ALS) रोगको लक्षण देखिएको र सोही रोगका कारणले नशामा गडबडी भई युवा वस्थामा नै हिँडडुल गर्न नसक्ने हुनुभयो। सन् १९७० देखि ह्वील चियर मा खुम्चिन बाध्य भएका महान वैज्ञानिक हकिन्स ले ब्रह्माण्ड बारे सरल व्याख्या गर्दै एउटा पुस्तक सार्वजनिक गर्नु भयो। सन् १९८८ मा ‘A Brief History of Time’ नामक पुस्तक प्रकाशित भएपछि विश्वव्यापी रुपमा चर्चामा आउनु भयो । ‘A brief history of Time’ नामक पुस्तक मा हकिङले ‘Block Hole and Big Bang” बारे नयाँ विषयहरू प्रस्तुत गरिएका छन् । अमेरिकाले सन् २००९ मा विशिष्ट नागरिक को सम्मान “Presidential Model of Freedom” प्रदान गरिएको थियो। हकिङले सापेक्षतावादको सिद्धान्त र क्वान्टम(QUANTUM) सिद्धान्त लाई समावेश गरी ब्रह्माण्ड को उत्पत्तिको बारे आफना महत्पूर्ण धारणाहरू प्रस्तुत गर्नु भएको थियो। पहिला सर आइज्याक न्युटन ले समालेको क्यब्रीज विश्वविद्यालय को गणित विषयको प्राध्यापक पदमा ३० वर्ष सम्म अनवरत रहेर आफ्नो पेशा प्रति को भुमिका निर्वाहा गर्नु भएको थियो। स्टेफेन क्यब्रीज विश्वविद्यालय को Center of Theoretical Cosmology Department को निर्देशक समेत सहनु भयो। स्टेफेन हकिङ को घाँटीमा श्वासप्रश्वास सम्बन्धी पाइप राखेपछि सधैंका लागि आवाज गुमाउनु भयो। स्टेफेन हकिङ को शारीरिक अवस्थालाई विचार गरी कम्पुटर को व्यवस्था गरियो। उक्त कम्प्युटरमा सामान्य २ वटा औँला चलाएर आफना धारणाहरू प्रस्तुत गर्न सकिन्छ। महान वैज्ञानिक हकिन्स कम्प्युटर संग जोडिएको speech synthesizer ले हकिन्सले कम्प्युटरमा लेखेका शब्दहरूलाई आवाज प्रदान गर्दछ। एउटा शब्द बोल्न करिब १० मिनेट लगाउने वैज्ञानिक हकिन्स दायाँ गालाको साहारामा आफना भनाइहरू कम्प्युटर मा जडान गरिएको voice synthesizer ले यसलाई आवाजको रुपमा प्रकट गर्नु हुन्थियो। महान वैज्ञानिक हकिन्सले ‘infra Red Sender भएको चस्मा लगाउनु हुन्थियो। विभिन्न १२ मानार्थ डिग्री प्राप्त गरेका हकिङले अक्सफोर्ड र क्यब्रीज का पूर्व विद्यार्थी Dennis William Sciama को निर्देशनमा विद्यावारिधि (PHD) उपाधि हासिल गर्नु भएको थियो। महान वैज्ञानिक स्टेफेन विलियम हकिङ को ७६ वर्ष को उमेरमा कम्बेडिज, इङ्ल्यान्ड मा सन् २०१८ मार्च १४ मा मृत्यु भएको थियो। महान वैज्ञानिक स्टेफेन हकिङ का चर्चित रचनाहरू : A Brief History Of Time (AD 2088) Black Holes And Baby Universe And Other Essays (AD 1994) The Universe Is A Nutshell (AD 2001) On The Shoulders Of Giants. The Great Works Of Physics And Astronomy (2002) God Created The Integers: The Mathematical Break Throughs That Changed History (AD 2005) The Grand Design (AD 2010) महान वैज्ञानिक स्टेफेन हकिङ ले छोरी लुसी संग संयुक्त लेखन बालकथाहरु: Georges Secret Key To The Universe (AD 2007) Georges Cosmic Treasure Hunt (AD 2009) महान वैज्ञानिक स्टेफेन हकिङ का चलचित्रहरु: A Brief History Of Universe (AD 1991) Stephen Hawking Universe (AD 1997) Horizon The Hawking Paradox (AD 2005) Masters Of Science Fiction (AD 2007) Master Of The Universe (AD 2008) Into The Universe With Stephen Hawking (AD 2010)