https___www.mccunecollection.org_Incunabula_20Leaf_20Biblia_20Latina.xml
https___www.aionianbible.org_Bibles_Nepali---Nepali-Bible_2-Chronicles_24_1.xml
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.1 5.2 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 8.1 8.2 8.3 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 12.1 12.2 12.3 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 13.10 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.10 14.11 14.12 14.13 14.14 14.15 14.16 14.17 14.18 14.19 14.20 14.21 14.22 14.23 14.24 14.25 15.1 16.1 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 18.1 18.2 18.3 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 19.8 19.9 19.10 19.11 20.1 20.2 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4
This copy of the Mazarin Bible (also known as the Gutenberg Bible and as the 42-line Bible - often shortened to B42) had been owned by Maria Elisabeth Augusta von Sulzbach (1721-1794), the wife of Carl Theodore (Karl Theodor), Electoral Prince of the Palatinate [who later became Electoral Prince of Bavaria in 1777]. The bible was held at the Mannheim Hofbibliothek and then later at the Staatsbiliothek (Royal Library) in Munich. In 1832, the book was sold as a duplicate since the Royal Library already had two other Gutenberg Bibles. It was purchased by Robert Curzon, Baron Zouche (1810-1873) for 350 guilders. It was held by his descendants until 1920 when Mary Cecil Frankland ,Baroness Zouche (1875-1965) put it up for auction. It was sold at Sotheby’s auction (November 9 – Lot 70) to Joseph Sabin. Sabin’s Sons was a respected firm of book dealers. It was a family business that existed under the Sabin name from 1842 to1934, with offices in both New York and London. [Note: In the 1920s there were two Joseph Sabins at the business - Joseph Fred Sabin (1846-1926) and Joseph Percy Sabin (1872-1934).] Sabin in turn sold it to Gabriel Wells (1862-1946), a New York book dealer. This two-volume Gutenberg Bible had only 593 of its 643 leaves and some of the remaining leaves had the illuminations cut out. For this reason, Wells decided to break up the Bible and sell it piecemeal. Wells issued a three-page brochure to announce the sale of the Gutenberg leaves. In the brochure he explained why the Bible was being broken up, the expected sales price, what buyers could expect to receive and that orders should be sent to his office on Fifth Avenue in New York City. Although Gabriel Wells sold the bulk of the Bible as individual leaves, he actually broke the Bible up (he called it “disseveration”) into three classes: (1) complete and perfect chapters, (2) selected leaves (two pages) and (3) leaves which had been soiled, stained, or repaired. The Gospel of St John, Timothy I and II, the Book of Daniel, and the Book of Genesis were all reported as being sold in complete sections to individual buyers. As was to be expected, there was fierce competition to obtain certain parts of the Bible, such as the perfect chapters, the Ten Commandments, Sermon on the Mount, etc. The normal price paid for each leaf was $150 although the damaged leaves were sold for slightly less at $100 each. Wells also felt that he was giving a great opportunity to scores of individuals and institutions to obtain at a moderate price a genuine leaf of this monument of early printing. A number of institutions took him up on his offer: McGill University, Toledo Museum of Art, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Smithsonian Institute in Washington, D.C., University of Pennsylvania, Vassar College and others. Wells made a gift to the New York Public Library of several pages that were missing from its copy of the Gutenberg Bible, supplying all but one of the needed pages. Wells explained his reasoning for taking the Bible apart: “Of course, I would never have split up and sold a book so priceless as a Gutenberg Bible if it had been a perfect copy or if it had been the only copy in existence. But the book had so many pages missing that it was beyond restoration, and it occurred to me that I would be serving a good cause to offer it leaf by leaf or in small sections, to collectors who would have an opportunity to buy a complete copy.” Wells hired A. Edward Newton to prepare an essay about the Gutenberg Bible to be included with the leaves. This was entitled “A Noble Fragment Being A Leaf of the Gutenberg Bible 1450-1455 With A Bibliographical Essay By A. Edward Newton. New York. Gabriel Wells. Including the title page, the essay is five pages long. It was printed at William Edwin Rudge’s shop in Mount Vernon, NY under the direction of Bruce Rogers. The title of the essay is in black with “Gutenberg Bible” in red, and a red decoration showing the years 1450 and1455. The first letter in the essay is a five-line red capital “R” with extensions. .[Note: The Houghton Library, Harvard College Library, Harvard University is the repository of a collection of certain Bruce Rogers papers and designs. In this collection, under “Undated publications” is listed a reference to a [Gutenberg Bible 1450-1455] 1 item: (#115) “Ink and white wash design, with notes to printer, for initial letter R and title Gutenberg Bible 1450-1455.”]. The leaves were placed in a black or dark blue morocco goatskin portfolio folder made by the renown bookbinding firm of Stikeman & Co. (New York). The folder is tooled with blind arabesques in the four corners of the covers and with doublures. The folder has gilt lettering on its upper front cover: “A Leaf of the Gutenberg Bible (1450-1455)” with additional gilt lettering on the spine: “Gutenberg.” There are gilt decorations on the inside covers. We have a leaf from 2 Chronicles (Paralipomeon Secundus) in the Old Testament. This would have been leaf 218 of the complete Bible. The recto side starts with Chapter 23 verse 1 and ends on the verso side with Chapter 24, verse 21. The leaf has double columns of Gothic type on each page, 42 lines to the page. There is a blue two-line capital “A” on the recto side and a blue two-line capital “S” on the verso side. These both are chapter initials, the “A” indicating the start of Chapter 23 and the “S” indicating the start of Chapter 24. The head lines are divided (“parali” on the recto and “pomenon” on the verso). Combined they spell “paralipomenon” (chronicles). This and the chapter number (XXIII) are in alternate red and blue lettering. The colors were added separately by rubricators after the page had been printed and at the discretion of the buyer. There are also red capital strokes on both pages. 23:1 In the seventh year Jehoiada strengthened himself, and took the captains of hundreds, Azariah the son of Jeroham, and Ishmael the son of Jehohanan, and Azariah the son of Obed, and Maaseiah the son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat the son of Zichri, into covenant with him. 23:2 They went about in Judah, and gathered the Levites out of all the cities of Judah, and the heads of fathers’ households of Israel, and they came to Jerusalem. 23:3 All the assembly made a covenant with the king in God’s house. He said to them, “Behold, the king’s son shall reign, as Yahweh has spoken concerning the sons of David. 23:4 This is the thing that you shall do. A third part of you, who come in on the Sabbath, of the priests and of the Levites, shall be porters of the thresholds. 23:5 A third part shall be at the king’s house; and a third part at the gate of the foundation. All the people shall be in the courts of Yahweh’s house. 23:6 But let no one come into the house of Yahweh, except the priests, and those who minister of the Levites. They shall come in, for they are holy, but all the people shall follow Yahweh’s instructions. 23:7 The Levites shall surround the king, every man with his weapons in his hand. Whoever comes into the house, let him be slain. Be with the king when he comes in, and when he goes out.” 23:8 So the Levites and all Judah did according to all that Jehoiada the priest commanded: and they took every man his men, those who were to come in on the Sabbath; with those who were to go out on the Sabbath; for Jehoiada the priest didn’t dismiss the shift. 23:9 Jehoiada the priest delivered to the captains of hundreds the spears, and bucklers, and shields, that had been king David’s, which were in God’s house. 23:10 He set all the people, every man with his weapon in his hand, from the right side of the house to the left side of the house, along by the altar and the house, around the king. 23:11 Then they brought out the king’s son, and put the crown on him, and gave him the testimony, and made him king: and Jehoiada and his sons anointed him; and they said, “Long live the king!” 23:12 When Athaliah heard the noise of the people running and praising the king, she came to the people into the house of Yahweh: 23:13 and she looked, and, behold, the king stood by his pillar at the entrance, and the captains and the trumpets by the king; and all the people of the land rejoiced, and blew trumpets; the singers also played musical instruments, and led the singing of praise. Then Athaliah tore her clothes, and said, “Treason! treason!” 23:14 Jehoiada the priest brought out the captains of hundreds who were set over the army, and said to them, “Bring her out between the ranks; and whoever follows her, let him be slain with the sword.” For the priest said, “Don’t kill her in the Yahweh’s house.” 23:15 So they made way for her. She went to the entrance of the horse gate to the king’s house; and they killed her there. 23:16 Jehoiada made a covenant between himself, and all the people, and the king, that they should be Yahweh’s people. 23:17 All the people went to the house of Baal, and broke it down, and broke his altars and his images in pieces, and killed Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars. 23:18 Jehoiada appointed the officers of the house of Yahweh under the hand of the priests the Levites, whom David had distributed in the house of Yahweh, to offer the burnt offerings of Yahweh, as it is written in the law of Moses, with rejoicing and with singing, according to the order of David. 23:19 He set the porters at the gates of the house of Yahweh, that no one who was unclean in anything should enter in. 23:20 He took the captains of hundreds, and the nobles, and the governors of the people, and all the people of the land, and brought down the king from the house of Yahweh: and they came through the upper gate to the king’s house, and set the king on the throne of the kingdom. 23:21 So all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was quiet. Athaliah they had slain with the sword. 24:1 Joash was seven years old when he began to reign; and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem: and his mother’s name was Zibiah, of Beersheba. 24:2 Joash did that which was right in the eyes of Yahweh all the days of Jehoiada the priest. 24:3 Jehoiada took for him two wives; and he became the father of sons and daughters. 24:4 It happened after this, that Joash intended to restore the house of Yahweh. 24:5 He gathered together the priests and the Levites, and said to them, “Go out to the cities of Judah, and gather money to repair the house of your God from all Israel from year to year. See that you expedite this matter.” However the Levites didn’t do it right away. 24:6 The king called for Jehoiada the chief, and said to him, “Why haven’t you required of the Levites to bring in the tax of Moses the servant of Yahweh, and of the assembly of Israel, out of Judah and out of Jerusalem, for the tent of the testimony?” 24:7 For the sons of Athaliah, that wicked woman, had broken up God’s house; and they also gave all the dedicated things of the house of Yahweh to the Baals. 24:8 So the king commanded, and they made a chest, and set it outside at the gate of the house of Yahweh. 24:9 They made a proclamation through Judah and Jerusalem, to bring in for Yahweh the tax that Moses the servant of God laid on Israel in the wilderness. 24:10 All the princes and all the people rejoiced, and brought in, and cast into the chest, until they had made an end. 24:11 It was so, that whenever the chest was brought to the king’s officers by the hand of the Levites, and when they saw that there was much money, the king’s scribe and the chief priest’s officer came and emptied the chest, and took it, and carried it to its place again. Thus they did day by day, and gathered money in abundance. 24:12 The king and Jehoiada gave it to such as did the work of the service of the house of Yahweh; and they hired masons and carpenters to restore the house of Yahweh, and also such as worked iron and brass to repair the house of Yahweh. 24:13 So the workmen worked, and the work of repairing went forward in their hands, and they set up God’s house in its state, and strengthened it. 24:14 When they had made an end, they brought the rest of the money before the king and Jehoiada, of which were made vessels for the house of Yahweh, even vessels with which to minister and to offer, and spoons, and vessels of gold and silver. They offered burnt offerings in the house of Yahweh continually all the days of Jehoiada. 24:15 But Jehoiada grew old and was full of days, and he died; one hundred thirty years old was he when he died. 24:16 They buried him in the city of David among the kings, because he had done good in Israel, and toward God and his house. 24:17 Now after the death of Jehoiada came the princes of Judah, and made obeisance to the king. Then the king listened to them. 24:18 They forsook the house of Yahweh, the God of their fathers, and served the Asherim and the idols: and wrath came on Judah and Jerusalem for this their guiltiness. 24:19 Yet he sent prophets to them, to bring them again to Yahweh; and they testified against them: but they would not give ear. 24:20 The Spirit of God came on Zechariah the son of Jehoiada the priest; and he stood above the people, and said to them, “Thus says God, ‘Why do you disobey the commandments of Yahweh, so that you can’t prosper? Because you have forsaken Yahweh, he has also forsaken you.’” 24:21 They conspired against him, and stoned him with stones at the commandment of the king in the court of the house of Yahweh. [Biblical text is from The World English Bible at http://worldenglishbible.org/web/] Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg (c. 1398 – 3 February, 1468) came from Mainz, Germany. [Gensflieisch was the family name, zur Laden zum Gutenberg referred to the ancestral house of his paternal line]. He trained as a goldsmith. Although block printing was known and used at the time, Gutenberg worked on developing a moveable type that could be arranged and then rearranged to print documents. This required the casting of uniform letters that could be combined together to form words and ultimately a page of type. He also had to perfect a press with enough uniform pressure to apply the ink from the type to the page in a satisfactory manner. A new manner of ink had to be developed that would stick to the metal type but apply with even viscosity to the paper. Gutenberg had to borrow money from Johann Fust in 1450 in order to continue the printing development. Fust later sued to recover this money and won, receiving the type (B42) used in the making of the Gutenberg Bible and the some of the equipment. Gutenberg was able to keep some of his older, earlier type (B36) which he used to create a later edition of the bible. A leaf of the Noble Fragment sold for $150 each in 1920. What was the buying power of a dollar in 1920 and what would that same dollar equal today? According to Historical Currency Conversions, a 1920 dollar would be the equal of $10.78 in 2009. [http://futureboy.homeip.net/fsp/dollar.fsp]. The following are typical wages and prices for the year 1920: A new Overland Touring car was $1035. A laborer made $5.50 for an eight hour day; a telephone operator - $14 a week; a brick layer $1.25 per hour. Sugar cost $.15 per pound; baked beans - $.12 /can, lamb chops - $.38/ lb. A daily newspaper sold for $.02. A nine room house with bath rented for $100 a month in Morristown, NJ. A kitchen range sold for $94 and a bicycle was $10. [These figures are from the Morris County Library website: http://www.mclib.info/prices/1920.html]. Sotheby’s auction company has sold a number of Gutenberg Leaves. Following are the auction results from the last few years, including the buyer’s premium: Only 49 Gutenberg Bibles are known to still be in existence – 33 of paper, 12 of vellum. Of the 49, some only contain volume 1 or volume 2, and many are in various states of completeness. At least thirteen of the bibles still in existence appear to be in less complete shape than the one Gabriel Wells dismembered. For example:
1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 6.1 7.1 8.1 9.1 10.1 11.1 12.1 13.1 14.1 15.1 16.1 17.1 18.1 19.1 20.1 21.1 22.1 23.1 24.1 25.1 26.1 27.1
२ इतिहास 241 योआशले राज्य गर्न सुरु गर्दा तिनी सात वर्षका थिए । तिनले यरूशलेममा चालीस वर्ष राज्य गरे । तिनकी आमा बेर्शेबाकी सिब्या थिइन् । 2 यहोयादा पुजारीका समयभरि नै योआशले परमप्रभुको दृष्टिमा जे असल थियो सो गरे । 3 यहोयादाले तिनका निम्ति दुई वटी पत्नी ल्याएदिए, र तिनी छोराछोरीका पिता भए । 4 यसपछि यस्तो भयो, योआशले परमप्रभुको मन्दिरको पुननिर्माण गर्ने निर्णय गरे । 5 तिनले पुजारी र लेवीहरूलाई एकसाथ भेला गरे र तिनीहरूलाई भने, “हरेक वर्ष यहूदाका सहरहरूमा जाओ र सबै इस्राएलबाट परमप्रभुको मन्दिरको पुनर्निर्माण गर्नलाई पैसा जम्मा गर । तिमीहरू यो काम झट्टै सुरु गरिहाल ।” लेवीहरूले सुरुमा केही पनि गरेनन् । 6 यसले राजाले प्रधान पुजारी यहोयादालाई बोलाए र तिनलाई भने, “करारका आदेशहरूका पालको निम्ति परमप्रभुका दास मोशा र इस्राएलको समुदायले लगाएको कर यहूदा र यरूशलेमबाट ल्याउन भनी लेवीहरूलाई किन भन्नुभएको छैन?” 7 किनकि ती दुष्ट स्त्री अतल्याहका छोराहरूले परमप्रभुको मन्दिर भत्काएका र परमप्रभुको मन्दिरका सबै पवित्र थोक बाललाई दिएका थिए । 8 यसैले राजाले आदेश दिए र तिनीहरूले एउटा सन्दूक बनाए र त्यो परमप्रभुका मन्दिरको मूल ढोकाको बाहिर राख्ने हुकुम गरे । 9 तब तिनीहरूले यहूदा र यरूशलेमभरि नै परमेश्वरका दास मोशाले उजाड-स्थानमा इस्राएलमाथि लगाएको तिरो मानिसहरूले परमप्रभुकहाँ ल्याउनुपर्छ भनी घोषणा गरे । 10 सबै अगुवा र सबे मानिस आनन्दित भए र रकम ल्याए र त्यो सन्दूक नभरिएसम्म त्यसमा हाले । 11 यस्तो भयो, जब लेवीहरूले राजाका अधिकारीहरूकहाँ त्यो सन्दूक ल्याउँथे, र जब त्यसमा तिनीहरूले धेरै पैसा देख्थे, तब राजाका सचिव र प्रधान पुजारीका अधिकृत त्यो खाली गर्न आउँथे, र त्यो सन्दूक फेरि त्यसकै स्थानमा राखिदिन्थे । तिनीहरूले दिनदिनै त्यसो गरेर धेरै रुपियाँपैसा सञ्चय गरे । 12 राजा र यहोयादाले त्यो रुपियाँपैसा परमप्रभुको मन्दिरमा काम गर्न लाउने मानिसहरूको जिम्मामा दिए । ती मानिसहरूले मन्दिरको पुनर्निर्माण गर्न डकर्मी, सिकर्मीहरू, फलाम र काँसाको काम गर्नेहरूलाई ज्यालामा लगाए । 13 यसरी कामदारहरूले श्रम गरे, र तिनीहरूकै हातमा यस मरम्मतका काम अगाडि बढ्यो । तिनीहरूले पहिलेकै नमूनाअनुसार परमप्रभुका मन्दिरको पुनर्निर्माण गरे र त्यसलाई बलियो बनाए । 14 जब तिनीहरूले त्यो काम सिद्ध्याए, तब तिनीहरूले बाँकी बचेको रुपियाँपैसा राजा र यहोयादाकहाँ ल्याइदिए । ती पैसाबाट परमप्रभुका मन्दिरमा चाहिने सामानहरूको निम्ति प्रयोग गरियो, सेवाको काम र होमबलिको काम दुवैका निम्ति भाँडाहरू—सुन र चाँदीका चम्चा र भाँडाहरू । यहोयादाको समयभरि नै तिनीहरूले परमप्रभुको मन्दिरमा निरन्तर होमबलि चढाए । 15 यहोयादा वृद्ध भए र दीर्घायु भए अनि त्यसपछि तिनी मरे । तिनको मृत्यु हुँदा तिनी एक सय तिस वर्षका थिए । 16 तिनीहरूले तिनलाई दाऊदको सहरमा राजाहरूकै चिहानमा गाडे, किनभने तिनले इस्राएलमा परमेश्वर र परमेश्वरको मन्दिरको निम्ति असल काम गरेका थिए । 17 यहोयादाको मृत्युपछि यहूदाका अधिकारीहरू राजाकहाँ आएर आदर देखाए । तब राजाले तिनीहरूका कुरा सुने । 18 तिनीहरूले परमप्रभु आफ्ना पुर्खाहरूका परमेश्वरको मन्दिरलाई त्यागे र अशेरा देवीका खम्बाहरू र मूर्तिहरूको पुजा गरे । तिनीहरूका यस खराबीले गर्दा यहूदा र यरूशलेममाथि परमेश्वरको क्रोध आइपर्यो । 19 तापनि तिनीहरूलाई फेरि आफूकहाँ फर्काएर ल्याउन परमप्रभुले अगमवक्ताहरू पठाउनुभयो । ती अगमवक्ताहरूले तिनीहरूका कामको विरुद्धमा बोले, तर तिनीहरूले त्यो सुन्नलाई इन्कार गरे । 20 यहोयादाका छोरा जकरिया पुजारीमाथि परमेश्वरका आत्मा आउनुभयो । जकरिया मानिसहरूका सामु खडा भए र तिनीहरूलाई भने, “परमेश्वर यसो भन्नुहुन्छ: ‘तिमीहरू किन परमप्रभुका आज्ञा उल्लङ्घन गर्छौ, जसले गर्दा तिमीहरूले उन्नति गर्न सक्दैनौ? तिमीहरूले परमप्रभुलाई त्यागेका हुनाले उहाँले पनि तिमीहरूलाई त्याग्नुभएको छ ।” 21 तर तिनीहरूले तिनको विरुद्धमा षड्यन्त्र रचे । राजाको हुकुम पाएर तिनीहरूले परमप्रभुका मन्दिरको चोकमा ढुङ्गा हानेर तिनलाई मारे । 22 यसरी किसिमले, योआश राजाले जकरियाका बुबा यहोयादाले आफूप्रति गरेको दयालाई बेवास्ता गरे । बरु, यहोयादाका छोरालाई मारे । जब जकरियाको मृत्यु हुन लागेको थियो, तब तिनले यसो भने, “परमप्रभुले यो देख्नुभएको होस् र तिमीहरूका लेखा लिनुभएको होस् ।” 23 वर्षको अन्त्यमा यस्तो भयो, अरामी छाउनीका फौज योआशको विरुद्धमा आयो । तिनीहरू यहूदा र यरूशलेममा आए । तिनीहरूले मानिसहरूका सबै अगुवालाई मारे र तिनीहरूबाट लूटका माल लिएर दमस्कसका राजालाई पठाइदिए । 24 अरामीहरू थोरै सिपाहीहरू लिएर आएका भए तापनि परमप्रभुले एउटा ठूलो फौजमाथि तिनीहरूलाई विजय दिनुभयो, किनभने यहूदाका मानिसहरूले परमप्रभु आफ्ना पुर्खाहरूका परमेश्वरलाई त्यागेका थिए । यसरी आरामीहरूले योआशमाथि दण्ड ल्याए । 25 अरामीहरू जाने बेलासम्म योआश गम्भीर रूपले घाइते भएका थिए । पुजारी यहोयादाका छोराहरूका मृत्युको कारणले तिनका आफ्नै सेवकहरूले तिनको विरुद्धमा षड्यन्त्र रचे । तिनको ओछ्यानमा तिनीहरूले तिनलाई मारे, र तिनी मरे । तिनीहरूले तिनलाई दाऊदको सहरमा गाडे, तर राजाहरूका चिहानमा चाहिं होइन । 26 तिनको विरुद्धमा षड्यन्त्र गर्ने व्यक्तिहरू अम्मोनी स्त्री शिम्मतका छोरा जाबाद र मोआबी स्त्री शिम्रितका छोरा यहोजाबाद थिए । 27 अब तिनका सन्तानको विवरण, तिनको विषय गरिएका महत्त्वपूर्ण अगमवाणीहरू, र परमेश्वरको मन्दिरको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने कामका विषय, हेर, ती राजाहरूका इतिहासको पुस्तकमा लेखिएका छन् । तिनका छोरा अमस्याह तिनको ठाउँमा राजा भए ।