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Poland judiciary reforms: Judge accuses government of coup Poland's most senior judge has published an open letter accusing the conservative government of "staging a coup" against the judiciary. It comes after the government passed controversial reforms that critics say threaten the rule of law in Poland. Malgorzata Gersdorf said the government was walking "along the abyss" into which the whole nation might fall. The EU recently launched unprecedented disciplinary measures against Poland because of the judicial reforms. Poland has been given three months to address the concerns. "The coup d'etat against the structure of one of the most important state institutions is taking place - not with armed force or paramilitary troops but by misusing legal institutions," Ms Gersdorf, the Supreme Court chief justice, said in the open letter published on Friday. "I warn the government: do not break the social contract written in the form of the constitution. You are walking carelessly along the abyss into which the whole nation may finally fall down." What are Poland's legal reforms? President Andrzej Duda has signed into law two bills reforming the Supreme Court and the National Council of the Judiciary. One allows politicians to choose members of the judiciary council, which appoints judges. The governing conservative Law and Justice Party (PiS) says the aim is to curb corruption and the influence of the former communist elite. But critics say the party is trying to cement its hold on power. The other law lowers the retirement age for Supreme Court judges and would force out about 40% of those currently sitting. What did the EU say? At a meeting in Brussels, the European Commission - the EU's executive - decided to launch disciplinary measures, called Article 7, and asked Warsaw to: - Not apply lower retirement age to current judges - Remove the discretionary power of the president to prolong the mandate of Supreme Court judges - Remove the new retirement regime for judges including the discretionary powers of the Minister of Justice - Restore the independence and legitimacy of the Constitutional Tribunal The commission's deputy head, First Vice-President Frans Timmermans, who conducted talks with the Polish government, said there was "no other option" as the "entire structure was affected". "After two years of trying for dialogue, of course we are frustrated that we haven't achieved what we want to, so now we're encouraging the council and parliament to support us," he said. All member states will now be asked to decide whether Poland is violating EU standards. Such a ruling needs the backing of 22 out of the 28 states. Any possible sanctions would only come at a later stage. But Mr Timmermans said that Article 7 could be revoked if Poland addressed the points within the three-month period. The sanctions could lead to the suspension of Poland's voting rights at EU summits. What was Poland's response? The Law and Justice Party has shown no signs of backing down to the EU's demands. Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki said the reforms were deeply needed and that "Poland is as devoted to the rule of law as the rest of the EU". He added: "The dialogue between the Commission and Warsaw needs to be both open and honest. I believe that Poland's sovereignty and the idea of United Europe can be reconciled."
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न्यायपालिकामाथि ‘कू’ गरेको आरोप पोल्याण्डकी वरिष्ठ न्यायाधीशले देशको अनुदारवादी सरकारले न्यायपालिकाविरुद्ध 'कू' गरिरहेको आरोप लगाउँदै लेखेको एउटा खुलापत्र प्रकाशित भएको छ। सरकारले विवादास्पद सुधारका कदमहरु पारित गरेपछि ती न्यायाधीशको खुलापत्र सार्वजनिक भएको हो। मागोजाटा जेर्स्डर्फले भनेकी छन्, सरकार "रसातलमा जान लागेको छ" जहाँ सिङ्गो मुलुक डुब्न सक्छ। पोल्याण्डको न्यायिक सुधारलाई लिएर युरोपेली संघ (इयु) ले हालै अनुशासनसम्बन्धी अभुतपूर्व कदमहरु चालिसकेको छ। समयसीमा आफ्ना चासोहरुलाई सम्बोधन गर्न इयुले पोल्याण्डलाई तीन महिने समयसीमा दिएको छ। शुक्रवार प्रकाशित प्रधानन्यायाधीश जेर्स्डर्फको खुलापत्रमा भनिएको छ, "देशका महत्त्वपूर्णमध्येका एउटा संस्थाको संरचनामाथि कू भइरहेको छ- त्यो पनि सैन्य बल वा अर्धसैनिक फौजको प्रयोग गरेर नभई वैधानिक संस्थाहरुको गलत प्रयोग गरेर।" "म सरकारलाई चेतावनी दिन्छुः संविधानको रुपमा लेखिएको सामाजिक सम्झौतालाई नतोड। तपाईँ लापरवाह ढंगले रसातलमा हिँडिरहनुभएको छ जसमा अन्ततः सिङ्गो देश डुब्न सक्छ।" राष्ट्रपति एन्जे डूडाले सर्वोच्च अदालत र राष्ट्रिय न्याय परिषद्मा सुधारसम्बन्धी दुईवटा विधेयकमा हस्ताक्षर गरिसकेका छन्। उद्देश्य एउटा विधेयक अनुसार राजनीतिज्ञहरुले न्याय परिषद्का सदस्य चुन्न पाउनेछन्, जसले न्यायाधीश नियुक्त गर्छन्। सत्तारुढ अनुदारवादी ल एण्ड जस्टिस पार्टी भन्छ, सुधारको उद्देश्य भ्रष्टाचार र पूर्व कम्युनिष्ट उच्च वर्गको प्रभाव नियन्त्रण गर्नु रहेको छ। तर आलोचकहरु भन्छन्, सत्तारुढ दलले सत्तामा टाँसिरहने प्रयास गरिरहेको छ। अर्को कानूनले न्यायाधीशहरुले अवकाश पाउने उमेर घटाएको छ जसका कारण सर्वोच्च अदालतका बहालवाला करिब ४० प्रतिशत न्यायाधीशहरु अवकाश पाउन बाध्य हुनेछन्।