https___www.bbc.co.uk_news_world-asia-47382060.xml
https___www.bbc.com_nepali_news-44263009_1.xml
1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 6.1 7.1 8.1 8.2 9.1 9.2 10.1 11.1 12.1 12.2 13.1 13.2 14.1 15.1 15.2 16.1 17.1 18.1 19.1 20.1 21.1 22.1 23.1 24.1 25.1 26.1 27.1 28.1 28.2 28.3 29.1 30.1 31.1 32.1 33.1 34.1 35.1 36.1 37.1 38.1 39.1 40.1 41.1 42.1 42.2 43.1 44.1 45.1 46.1
Trump Kim talks: What to make of the Hanoi summit collapse? - Published The second summit between US President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un has ended without any deal or agreement. Washington insists though that dialogue with Pyongyang will continue and the collapse of the Hanoi summit is not a major disappointment. Here's a roundup of North Korea experts looking at the summit and what to make of its sudden end. A predictable 'no deal' Ankit Panda, senior editor, The Diplomat The "no deal" outcome could have been seen coming a mile away. Indeed, a serious reading of public North Korean statements since last year's Singapore summit would have revealed the core issue that resulted in a lack of agreement. The day after the Singapore summit, North Korean state media paraphrased Kim Jong-un as noting Pyongyang would take "additional good-will measures" if the US took "genuine measures." By that date, North Korea had dismantled its nuclear testing site at Punggye-ri and announced a moratorium on nuclear tests and intercontinental-range ballistic missile tests. Weeks later, North Korea would also partially and reversibly dismantle a missile-engine test stand. When Mr Kim met South Korean President Moon Jae-in for a third summit in Pyongyang last September, they referenced North Korea's nuclear facilities at Yongbyon as an example of something the North would put on the table in exchange for "corresponding measures" from the US. Finally, on 1 January this year, Kim Jong-un made the same point in his New Year's address: corresponding measures would lead to progress in the US-North Korea diplomatic relationship. This phrase was misinterpreted to mean any range of US concessions, including a possibly a declaration to end the Korean War, when it really meant sanctions relief. Critically, the sequence matters to North Korea: the US would have to agree for sanctions relief up front for any further concessions on denuclearization to flow. In effect, Yongbyon will remain off the table until the US provides sanctions relief. Donald Trump confirmed this is precisely what caused the breakdown of talks at his press conference on the second day of the Hanoi summit. As long as Washington remains unwilling to take the first step on sanctions relief, this process will likely remain stuck. The longer it remains stuck, the more likely it is to collapse. Waning momentum in the US? Jenny Town, managing editor, 38 North It is surprising that they didn't come away with a preliminary deal, as they clearly had the outline for one going into the final round of pre-summit negotiations. The tone of the press conference was relatively positive, indicating that the administration still sees a way forward and intends to continue negotiations. That's encouraging for now, while also offering some relief to those who thought the US would accept a "bad deal". However, in the meantime, no concrete obligations have been placed on either side and I would suspect that offers of confidence building measures that we've seen coming from North Korea in the past - such as dismantling of the nuclear test site - are unlikely to continue. Of all the stakeholders in this process, the lack of movement on the US-North Korea agenda puts South Korea in a very awkward position, unable to secure the sanctions exemptions they were hoping for as part of this deal, which would facilitate the resumption of inter-Korean economic cooperation. Moreover, despite the president's stated will to continue negotiating with North Korea, in the current domestic political environment, there is a real risk of the momentum for this issue waning amidst a sea of competing interests. The risk for North Korea Andray Abrahamian, Stanford University Fundamentally, this summit was supposed to kick off a process through which the two countries were going to try to move to a more win-win relationship, rather than the zero-sum "I win, you lose" frame that has dominated US-North Korea relations since, well, forever. As such, you have to say that everybody lost. From Mr Trump's perspective it will be a loss he can weather, however. A "bad deal" in which he gave away a lot would inspire years of debate and pushback from US foreign-policy elites. With this, he's spun it as save-able through working-level talks and will head home and the news cycle will move on. This is the risk for North Korea. Momentum is hard to build between these two countries and there is every chance now that Donald Trump becomes distracted by politics in the US and this window of opportunity closes. Who knows who the next president will be and what he or she aspires to with North Korea? No more 'maximum pressure' Oliver Hotham, managing editor, NK News That the North Koreans went into this agreement demanding "all sanctions" be lifted, as Trump said, suggests there is an increasing desperation on the part of Pyongyang for relief, and that they see any other kind of deal as essentially pointless - we'll have to see their response in the coming day. It is also a major embarrassment for the South Korean government, which had planned a major announcement on the "Future of Korean peace and prosperity" tomorrow and had hopes for a major expansion of cooperation with the North in the wake of this summit. China and Russia, too, will be very frustrated with this outcome. The mood in Pyongyang may be tempered, however, by Mr Trump's comments that he will not increase sanctions against the country, and that he would "love" to see them lifted in the near future. The message is that while no formal relief is going to happen anytime soon, the days of "maximum pressure" are long gone. 'Human rights and denuclearization interconnected' Olivia Enos, policy analyst, Asian Studies Center, The Heritage Foundation President Trump made the right decision to walk away from a deal. North Korea's ask to remove all sanctions was untenable and also illegal. According to US and UN sanctions, sanctions cannot be removed until complete, verifiable, irreversible dismantlement of North Korea's nuclear program takes place and the regime makes human rights improvements. The 80,000 to 120,000 North Korean people inside those prisons camps are being exploited by Kim Jong-un as free labour to fund and architect his nuclear and missile weapons program. Reports indicate that some may even have chemical and biological weapons tested on them. Failure to reach a deal in Hanoi demonstrates the need to craft a more comprehensive policy toward North Korea one that see human rights and denuclearization as interconnected. Future diplomacy, if it's even possible, should reflect the multifaceted nature of current US law.
1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 6.1 7.1 8.1 9.1 10.1 11.1 12.1 13.1 14.1 15.1 16.1 17.1 18.1 19.1 20.1 21.1 22.1 23.1 24.1 25.1 26.1 27.1 28.1 29.1 30.1 31.1 32.1 33.1 34.1 35.1 36.1 37.1 38.1 39.1 40.1 41.1 42.1 43.1 44.1 45.1 46.1 47.1
ट्रम्प-किम बैठक रद्द हुनुमा को जिम्मेवार? - सन्दीपकुमार मिश्रा - सह-प्राध्यापक, जवाहरलाल नेहरु विश्वविद्यालय अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति डोनल्ड ट्रम्पले मे २४ मा उत्तर कोरियाली नेता किम जङ-अनलाई पत्र पठाउँदै सिंगापुरमा जुन १२ का लागि प्रस्तावित शिखर बैठक रद्द गरेको जानकारी गराए। शिखर बैठक रद्द गरिएको खबर त्यतिबेला आयो जतिबेला उत्तर कोरियाले पुङ्गेरीस्थित आफ्नो पारमाणविक परीक्षणस्थललाई नष्ट पारिसकेको थियो। उत्तर कोरियाको त्यो कदमले धेरैलाई आश्चर्यमा पारेको थियो र पछिल्ला हप्ताहरूमा त्यसप्रति प्रतिक्रियाहरू आउने क्रम जारी थियो। मे १६ पछि उत्तर कोरियाले अमेरिकी धारणालाई लिएर धेरै पटक असन्तोष व्यक्त गरेको थियो। असन्तुष्टि यसबीचमा उत्तर कोरियाले दक्षिण कोरियासँगको अन्तर-कोरियाली सैनिक वार्ता रद्द गर्यो। अमेरिका र दक्षिण कोरियाबीच भइरहेको संयुक्त सैन्य अभ्यासलाई लिएर उत्तर कोरियाले असन्तुष्टि जनायो। त्यसबाहेक उत्तर कोरियाले अमेरिकी राष्ट्रिय सुरक्षा सल्लाहकार जन बोल्टनको भनाइप्रति पनि विमति जनायो। जसले उत्तर कोरियाको हकमा पनि लिबियालाई जस्तै परमाणु मुक्त बनाउने उपाय अवलम्बन गर्नुपर्ने आफ्नो सुझाव रहेको बताएका थिए। त्यसअघि राष्ट्रपति ट्रम्पले भनेका थिए- उत्तर कोरियाले आफ्ना पारमाणविक अस्त्र नष्ट नगरे किमको नियति लिबियाका तत्कालीन कर्णेल गद्दाफीको जस्तै हुनेछ। यसबीचमा अमेरिकी अधिकारीहरूले कडा अभिव्यक्ति दिए पनि उत्तर कोरियाले पूर्व निर्धारित योजना अनुसार नै पारमाणविक परीक्षणस्थल नष्ट गर्यो। त्यसबाहेक दक्षिण कोरियाली राष्ट्रपति मून जे-इनले मे २३ मा अमेरिकाको भ्रमण गरे। शर्त त्यसक्रममा ट्रम्पले भनेका थिए- उत्तर कोरियाले केही शर्तहरू पूरा नगरे शिखर बैठक स्थगित गरिने छ। अमेरिकी उपराष्ट्रपति माइक पेन्सले दिएको एउटा अन्तर्वार्तापछि उत्तर कोरियाले उनलाई 'अज्ञानी' र 'बेवकुफ' भन्यो। अन्तर्वार्तामा पेन्सले राष्ट्रपति ट्रम्पसँग किमले खेलाँची गरे त्यो उनको ठूलो भुल हुने बताएका थिए। उत्तर कोरियाको विदेश मामिलासम्बन्धी उपमन्त्रीले भने- उत्तर कोरियाले वार्ताका लागि अमेरिकासमक्ष न त अनुनय गर्नेछ न त अमेरिकालाई मनाउन चिन्ता नै लिनेछ। अचानक पारमाणविक अस्त्र मुक्त हुने उत्तर कोरियाको चाहनाले आशंका उब्जाए पनि अहिलेको समयमा आक्रामक अभिव्यक्तिले स्थिति प्रतिकूल हुन सक्छ। खासमा अमेरिकी नेताहरूबाट त्यस्तो अभिव्यक्ति आउन थालेको थियो। उनीहरूको विश्वास थियो अमेरिकी दबाबमा आएर उत्तर कोरिया पारमाणविक अस्त्र मुक्त हुन राजी हुनेछ। ट्रम्प प्रशासनको ठम्याइ छः ताजा प्रतिबन्धहरूका कारण उत्तर कोरियाले अभूतपूर्व रुपमा एक्लो भएको महसुस गरिरहेको छ। प्रतिबन्ध उत्तर कोरियाको कच्चा तेल, कपडा उद्योग र विदेश सम्पति लगायतमाथि प्रतिबन्ध जारी छ। त्यसबाहेकका कैयौँ प्रतिबन्धका कारण पनि उत्तर कोरियासामु अमेरिकासँग वार्तामा बस्नुको विकल्प नभएको बुझाइ थियो। त्यस्तै बुझाइका माझ ट्रम्प शिखर बैठकबारेको आफ्नो अडानमा टसमस नहुने स्थितिमा पुगेका थिए। आफ्नो विदेश नीति समूहबाट रेक्स टिलर्सन र एच आर म्याकमास्टरलाई हटाएर ट्रम्पले माइक पोम्पेओ र जन बोल्टनलाई ल्याए। ट्रम्प प्रशासनले एकतर्फी ढङ्गले इरानसँगको पारमाणविक सम्झौताबाट अलग भएको घोषणा पनि गर्यो। उत्तर कोरियामाथिको दबाबले काम गरिरहेको अमेरिकाको ठम्याइ छ। तर पहिल्यैदेखि एक्लिएको उत्तर कोरियालाई थप एक्ल्याइ पनि खासै असर पर्छ जस्तो लाग्दैन। गम्भीरता उत्तर कोरियामाथि चीनले पनि प्रतिबन्धहरू लगाएको देखिए पनि बेइजिङ र प्योङयाङबीच आदानप्रदान जारी रहेको बताइन्छ। चीनले उत्तर कोरियालाई समर्थन गर्नुको आफ्नै कारणहरू छन्। अमेरिकी दृष्टिकोणमा देखिएको आधारभूत त्रुटिका कारण किमसँगको शिखर बैठक रद्द भएको छ। अमेरिकी अधिकारीहरूको विवादास्पद अभिव्यक्ति र गतिविधिका बावजुद उत्तर कोरियाले शिखर बैठकका लागि उसलाई सहमत गराउन प्रयत्न गरिरह्यो। तर अमेरिकाले त्यसलाई गम्भीरताका साथ लिएको जस्तो देखिएन। उत्तर कोरियाको विदेश मामिलासम्बन्धी उपमन्त्रीले मे २४ मा शिखर बैठक रद्द गरिएकोमा अमेरिकालाई चेतावनी पनि दिए। उनले भनेका थिए- कुनै बैठक कुन पक्षले रद्द गर्छ, यो समय समयको कुरा हो। सामञ्जस्य बदलिँदो परिस्थितिमा उत्तर कोरियालाई झटका लागेको जस्तो देखिन्छ। अमेरिकासँग अहिले ऊ वार्ता गर्न समर्थ देखिँदैन। खासमा उत्तर कोरिया र अमेरिकाबीचको शिखर बैठकको योजना दक्षिण कोरियाको थियो। कारण उत्तर कोरियाली र अमेरिकी नेतृत्वलाई एकअर्काप्रति विश्वास हुन सकेको अवस्था छैन। शिखर बैठक रद्द गर्ने ट्रम्पको घोषणाले दक्षिण कोरियाली विदेश नीतिलाई पनि द्विविधामा पुर्याइदिएको छ। उसले नजिकको साथी अमेरिका र छिमेकी उत्तर कोरियामध्ये एउटालाई रोज्नुपर्ने हुन सक्छ। यद्यपि सोलले दुवै मुलुकसँग सामञ्जस्य कायम गर्ने प्रयत्न गर्नेछ। शिखर बैठक रद्द भएसँगै दक्षिण कोरियाले उत्तर कोरियाप्रति कडा रवैया पनि अपनाउन सक्छ। तर अमेरिकासँग सहमतिमा रहिरहन पनि उसलाई गाह्रो हुनेछ। पूरै घटनाक्रम हेरेर प्रारम्भिक निष्कर्ष निकाल्नुपर्दा यो समग्र प्रक्रियामा उत्तर कोरियाले बढी अङ्क हासिल गरेको देखिन्छ।