http___encyclopine.org_en_Alfonso_II_of_Naples.xml
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Изабела Арагонска (Милано) - Вижте пояснителната страница за други значения на Изабела Арагонска. Изабела Арагонска (2 октомври 1470 - 11 февруари 1524) е неаполитанска принцеса, херцогиня на Милано, херцогиня на Бари, принцеса на Росано и титулувана кралица на Йерусалим. Изабела е родена на 2 октомври 1470 г. в Неапол, днешна Италия. Тя е дъщеря на Алфонсо II, крал на Неаполитанското кралство, и Иполита Мария Сфорца. През 1489 г. Изабела се омъжва за своя първи братовчед, херцогът на Милано - Джан Галеацо Сфорца(1469-1494). Двамата имат три деца: - Франческо Сфорца (1491-1524) - херцог на Милано от 1494 до 1524; - Бона Сфорца (1494-1557) - кралица на Полша и велика херцогиня на Литовското херцогство, съпруга на крал Сигизмунд I; - Иполита Мария (1594-1501). След смъртта на брат си, Фердинанд II, Изабела наследява титлите херцогиня на Бари, принцеса на Росано и кралица на Йерусалим. Съществува теория, според която Изабела Арагонска е моделът, който Леонардо да Винчи е използвал при рисуването на Мона Лиза. Има предположение, че Изабела е имала морганатичен брак с Леонардо да Винчи, който единадесет години е бил дворцов художник на Милано, и му е родила двама сина и три дъщери[1]. Маике Фогт-Люерсен твърди, че жената зад загадъчната усмивка на Мона Лиза е Изабела Арагонска, херцогинята на Милано. Според Маике стилът на тъмнозелената рокля на Мона Лиза загатва, че жената е член на династията Сфорца. Нейната теория е, че Мона Лиза е първият официален портрет на новата херцогиня на Милано, което доказва, че той е рисуван през пролетта или лятото на 1489, а не през 1503 г. Въпреки различните теории последните открития на Хайделбергската академия потвърждават традиционната идентификация на Мона Лиза с Лиза дела Джоконда[2] Съществува друг портрет на млада жена със светли коси (в галерията Дориа Памфили, Рим), дело на Рафаело, който притежава по-голяма прилика с Изабела Арагонска. Стилът на роклята ѝ е отнесен между 1515 и 1525 г., а жената показва символите на миланския клон на рода Сфорца — панделката, белия и червения цвят. По това време обаче Изабела е била на около 45-55 години и е имала тъмна коса. Изабела Арагонска умира на 11 февруари 1524 в Неапол. Външни препратки[редактиране | edit source] - Изабела Арагонска на сайта Мона Лиза и нейното семейство - Бюст на Изабела Арагонска от Франческо Лаурана в Kunsthistorisches Museum, Виена Източници[редактиране | edit source]
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Alfonso II of NaplesRead on WikipediaTR Click to disable ads for 1 month. Alfonso II (4 November 1448 – 18 December 1495), also called Alfonso of Aragon, was King of Naples from 25 January 1494 to 22 February 1495 with the title King of Naples and Jerusalem. As Duke of Calabria he was a patron of Renaissance poets and builders during his tenure as the heir to the throne of Naples. Your Subjective Opinions General Attitude(Positive or Negative) Which adjectives are appropriate for Alfonso II of Naples? Please do not hesitate to write your subjective opinions which can not be in wikipedia but may be useful for other visitors of this article. Do you have anything to say about Alfonso II of Naples? (You don't have to register to write a comment, you can write as anonymous.) Click to disable ads for 1 month. Click to disable ads for 1 month. Contents Biography[edit] Born at Naples, Alfonso was the oldest child of Ferdinand I of Naples and his first wife, Isabella of Clermont, the daughter of Tristan, Count of Copertino and Caterina Del Balzo Orsini. He was the cousin of Ferdinand II of Aragon, king of Aragon and the first (co-)ruler of a unified Spain. His teacher was the humanist Giovanni Pontano, whose De splendore describes the proper virtues and manner of life becoming to a prince. When his mother Isabella of Clermont died (1465), he succeeded to her feudal claims, which included the Brienne claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem. In 1463, when Alfonso was fifteen, his great-uncle Giovanni Antonio del Balzo Orsini, Prince of Taranto, died, and he obtained some lands from the inheritance. Alfonso had shown himself a skilled and determined soldier, helping his father in the suppression of the Conjure of the Barons (1485) and in the defence of the Kingdom's territory against the Papal claims. As a condottiero, he fought in the most important wars of the age, such the war following the Pazzi Conspiracy (1478–1480) and the War of Ferrara (1482–1484). Alfonso's reign was destined to be short. When his father died, the kingdom's finances were exhausted and the invasion of King Charles VIII of France was imminent; Charles (instigated by Lodovico Sforza, who wished to stir up trouble to allow him to seize power in Milan) had decided to reassert the Angevin claim to Naples and the accompanying title of King of Jerusalem. Charles invaded Italy in September, 1494. Alfonso managed to regain the support of Pope Alexander VI, who invited Charles to devote his effort against the Turks instead. Alfonso received the official Papal coronation as Rex Siciliae on May 8, 1494 from Juan de Borja Lanzol de Romaní, el mayor, previously the papal legate to Alfonso II. However, the King of France did not relent; by early 1495 Charles was approaching Naples, after having defeated Florence and the Neapolitan fleet under Alfonso's brother, Frederick of Calabria at Porto Venere. Alfonso, terrified by a series of portents, as well as unusual dreams (perhaps attributable to memories of his victims), abdicated in favour of his son, Ferdinand or Ferrandino, and fled, entering a Sicilian monastery. He died in Messina later that year. Renaissance culture[edit] As Crown Prince, Alfonso had participated in the brilliant Renaissance culture that surrounded his father's court. His lasting contribution to European culture was the example set at his villas of La Duchesca and especially Poggio Reale just outside Naples, which so captivated Charles VIII of France during his brief sojourn at Naples during February–June 1495, that he was inspired to emulation of the "earthly paradise" he encountered.[1] Poggio Reale, which Vasari said was designed by Giuliano da Maiano and which was laid out in the 1480s, has utterly disappeared and no extensive description has survived. Decades later, Vasari reported, "At Poggio Reale [Giuliano da Maiano] laid out the architecture of that palazzo, always considered a most beautiful thing; and to fresco it he brought there Pietro del Donzello, a Florentine, and Polito his brother who was considered in that time a good master, who painted the whole palazzo, inside and out, with the history of the said king."[2] There are no archives to connect Giuliano or his brother Benedetto with the project; for documentation only a section and plan, reproduced with apologies for its inaccuracy, by Sebastiano Serlio. Serlio's reproduction seems to show an idealized plan,[3] identical on all four sides, ranged around a court with a double arcading. It is clear that the Aragonese court at Naples introduced the Moorish garden traditions of Valencia, with its shaded avenues and baths, sophisticated hydraulics that powered splendid waterworks,[4] formal tanks, fishponds and fountains, as a luxurious and secluded setting for court life, and combined them with Roman features: Alfonso's Poggio Reale was built around three sides of an arcaded courtyard with tiers of seating round a sunken centre that could be flooded for water spectacles; on the fourth side it opened onto a garden that framed a spectacular view of Vesuvius. It was all unlike anything experienced by the French king, who retreated from Italy, loaded with tapestries and works of art, and filled with building and gardening ambitions. Ancestry[edit] Marriages and children[edit] Like his father, Alfonso married twice. His first wife was Ippolita Maria Sforza, whom he married on October 10, 1465, in Milan. His mistress, by whom he also had children, was Trogia Gazzela. He had three children with Ippolita: - King Ferdinand II of Naples (26 August 1469 – October 1496), married Joanna of Naples - Isabella of Aragon, Duchess of Bari and Princess of Bari (2 October 1470 – 11 February 1524), married her first cousin Gian Galeazzo Sforza, Duke of Milan, by whom she had issue, including Bona Sforza (13 February 1495 – 7 November 1558) Queen consort of King Sigismund I of Poland, who in her turn had six children. - Piero of Rossano, Prince of Rossano (31 March 1472 – 17 February 1491), Lieutenant General of Apulia, died of an infection following leg surgery.[5] and two with Trogia: - Sancha of Aragon (born 1478 in Gaeta) - Alfonso of Aragon, Duke of Bisceglie and Prince of Salerno (born 1481, in Naples) In popular culture[edit] Alfonso II of Naples is portrayed by Augustus Prew in the Showtime series The Borgias, although he is portrayed as much younger and flamboyant than his historical counterpart was in the 1490s. Sancha of Aragon is portrayed as his half-sister rather than his daughter. In Da Vinci's Demons he is played by Kieran Bew and is depicted as a sadistic warlord, bitterly jealous of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Notes[edit] - ^ Charles' letter to his brother-in-law, Pierre de Bourbon, noted in William Howard Adams, The French Garden 1500-1800 1979, p 10. - ^ "A Poggio Reale ordinò l'architettura di quel palazzo, tenuta sempre cosa bellissima; et a dipignerlo vi condusse Piero del Donzello fiorentino e Polito suo fratello che in quel tempo era tenuto buon maestro, il quale dipinse tutto il palazzo di dentro e di fuori con storie di detto re." (Giorgio Vasari, Le vie de' più eccelenti architetti, piiori...). - ^ Suggestions that its design was sketched by Alfonso's friend Lorenzo de' Medici, whose own villa at Poggio a Caiano it somewhat resembled, are tenuous. - ^ The first description of a surprise jet of water as a practical joke, a garden feature with a long career, was remarked on at Poggio Reale. - ^ Charles Cawley, Medieval Lands, Sicily/Naples, Counts and Kings References[edit] - Hersey, George L. (1969). Alfonso II and the Artistic Renewal of Naples. New Haven: Yale University Press. - Alfonso's ancestry - Brief description of Poggio Reale