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Игуана Игуаните (Iguana) са род от подразред Гущери. Срещат се в тропическите области на Централна и Южна Америка и Карибските острови. За пръв път са документирани от австрийския изследовател Йозеф Николай Лауренти през 1768 г. в неговата книга Specimen Medicum, Exhibens Synopsin Reptilium Emendatam cum Experimentis circa Venena. Думата игуана идва от испански, където пък е навлязла от оригиналното име на този вид на езика на индианците таино - иуана. Характерни за представителите на рода са масивното парче кожа, висящо под врата им, редица от шипове по целия им гръб до опашката и трето око на темето. Това е т.нар. париетално око и изглежда по-скоро като бледа люспа. Имат отлично зрение. Способни да за различават форми, сенки, цветове и движение на големи разстояния. Игуаните използват зрението си както за ориентиране и лов така и за комуникация с други индивиди от вида си. [редактиране] Видове Родът включва 2 вида: - Iguana iguana - Зелена игуана - Iguana delicatissima - Малоантилска игуана Съществуват други видове гущери, също наричани игуани, които не са членове на род Игуани, а на други родове от семейство Игуаниди. Такива са например морската игуана (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) и галапагоската сухоземна игуана от Галапагоските острови.
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Iguana Iguana is a herbivorous genus of lizard native to tropical areas of Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. The genus was first described in 1768 by Austrian naturalist Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti in his book Specimen Medicum, Exhibens Synopsin Reptilium Emendatam cum Experimentis circa Venena. Two species are included in the genus Iguana: the Green Iguana, which is widespread throughout its range and a popular pet, and the Lesser Antillean Iguana, which is endemic to the Lesser Antilles and endangered due to habitat destruction. The word "iguana" is derived from a Spanish form of the original Taino name for the species "Iwana".[1] In addition to the two species in the genus Iguana, there are also several other related genera in the same family for which the common name of the species includes the word "iguana". [edit] Anatomy and physiology The two species of lizard within the genus Iguana possess a dewlap, a row of spines running down their back to their tail, and a third "eye" on their head. This eye is known as the parietal eye, visible as a pale scale on the top of the head. Behind their neck are small scales which resemble spokes, known as tuberculate scales. These scales may be a variety of colors and are not always visible from close distances. They have a large round scale on their cheek known as a subtympanic shield.[2] Iguanas have excellent vision and can see shapes, shadows, colors and movement at long distances. Iguanas use their eyes to navigate through crowded forests, as well as for finding food. They use visual signals to communicate with other members of the same species.[2] The tympanum is the iguana's ear drum, and is located above the subtympanic shield and behind the eye. Iguanas are often hard to spot, as they tend to blend into their surroundings. Their scale colors are a mode of hiding from larger predators.[2] Male iguanas, as well as other male members of the order Squamata, have three hemipenes. [edit] Images Green iguana at St. Thomas Another green iguana (Iguana iguana) Green Iguana Iguana iguana from the island of St. Thomas A lesser Antillean iguana in the wild in Dominica. [edit] References - ^ Coles, William (2002), "Green Iguana", U.S.V.I. Animal Fact Sheet #08 (Department of Planning and Natural Resources US Virgin Islands Division of Fish and Wildlife), http://www.vifishandwildlife.com/Education/FactSheet/PDF_Docs/08GreenIguana.pdf - ^ a b c Lazell, J.D. (1973), "The lizard genus Iguana in the Lesser Antilles", Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (New York) 145: pp. 1–28