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Източен Берлин Ѝзточен Берлѝн (на немски: Ost-Berlin) е съветският окупационен сектор на следвоенен Берлин, който след образуването на Германската демократична република е столица на Източна Германия от 1949 до 1990 година. От 13 август 1961 г. до 9 ноември 1989 г. източната част на града е отделена от Западен Берлин с така наречената по-късно Берлинска стена. Източните германци са наричали сектора Източен Берлин само Берлин или Берлин, столица на ГДР (Berlin, Hauptstadt der DDR) Източен Берлин се е състоял от следните райони: - Фридрихсхайн (Friedrichshain) - Хелерсдорф (Hellersdorf) - Хоеншьонхаузен (Hohenschönhausen) - Кьопеник (Köpenick) - Лихтенберг (Lichtenberg) - Марцан (Marzahn) - Мите (Mitte) - Панков (Pankow) - Пренцлауер Берг (Prenzlauer Berg) - Трептов (Treptow) - Вайсензее (Weißensee) На 3 октомври 1990 г. Федерална република Германия и Германската демократична република се обединяват. Това формално слага край на съществуването на Източен Берлин. Съдържание Командири на берлинската съветска зона[редактиране | edit source] Демографско развитие[редактиране | edit source] Вижте също[редактиране | edit source] - Берлин - Западен Берлин - ГДР - Западна Германия - Германия - История на Германия - Бон (Германия) - Берлинска стена - Студена война - Доктрина Труман - Желязна завеса - Варшавски договор Външни препратки[редактиране | edit source] Източници[редактиране | edit source] - ↑ Commandants of Berlin Soviet Zone. // World Statesmen.org.
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East Berlin East Berlin was a political exclave that existed between 1949 and 1990. East Berlin comprised the eastern regions of Berlin and consisted of the Soviet sector of Berlin that was established in 1945. The American, British and French sectors became West Berlin, a part strongly associated with West Germany but a free city. Despite its status as part of an occupied city, East Berlin was claimed as the capital of East Germany, as the Soviets did not honor the distinction of a free city for their sector. From 13 August 1961 until 9 November 1989, East Berlin was separated from West Berlin by the Berlin Wall. The East German government referred to East Berlin simply as "Berlin" or often "Berlin, Hauptstadt der DDR" (Berlin, capital of the GDR). The term "Democratic Sector" was also used until the 1960s. (See also Naming conventions). [edit] History [edit] Overview The Western Allies (the USA, Britain and France) never formally acknowledged the authority of the East German government to govern East Berlin; the official Allied protocol recognized only the authority of the Soviet Union in East Berlin in accordance with the occupation status of Berlin as a whole. The United States Command Berlin, for example, published detailed instructions for U.S. military and civilian personnel wishing to visit East Berlin.[1] In fact, the three Western commandants regularly protested the presence of the East German National People's Army (NVA) in East Berlin, particularly on the occasion of military parades. Nevertheless, the three Western Allies eventually established embassies in East Berlin in the 1970s, although they never recognized it as the capital of East Germany. Treaties instead used terms such as "seat of government." On 3 October 1990, West and East Germany and West and East Berlin were reunited, thus formally ending the existence of East Berlin. [edit] East Berlin today Since reunification, the German government has spent vast amounts of money on reintegrating the two halves of the city and bringing services and infrastructure in the former East Berlin up to the standard established in West Berlin. Despite this, there are still obvious differences between eastern and western Berlin. Eastern Berlin has a distinctly different visual aspect, partly because of the greater survival of prewar façades and streetscapes, some still showing signs of wartime damage, and partly because of the distinctive style of urban Stalinist architecture used in the GDR. As in other former East German cities, a small number of GDR-era names commemorating socialist heroes have been preserved, such as Karl-Marx-Allee, Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz and Karl-Liebknecht-Straße; this followed a long process of review in which many such street names were deemed inappropriate and were changed. Still visible throughout former East Berlin are the characteristic "Ampelmännchen" on some pedestrian traffic lights. These days they are also visible in parts of the former West Berlin following a civic debate about whether the "Ampelmännchen" should be abolished or disseminated more widely. [edit] Soviet and East German Commandants of East Berlin [edit] Boroughs of East Berlin At the time of German reunification, East Berlin comprised the boroughs of - Friedrichshain - Hellersdorf (since 1986) - Hohenschönhausen (since 1985) - Köpenick - Lichtenberg - Marzahn (since 1979) - Mitte - Pankow - Prenzlauer Berg - Treptow - Weissensee [edit] Images of East Berlin Wall plaque of Lenin, off Wilhelmstraße [edit] See also - History of Berlin - Berlin Wall - Bonn - Cold War - Checkpoint Charlie - East Germany - Ghost station - History of Germany since 1945 - West Berlin - West Germany [edit] References The British Garrison Berlin 1945-1994 "No where to go" Berlin: Vergangenheits/Berlin. - ^ (PDF) Helpful Hints for US Visitors to East Berlin. Headquarters, U.S. Command Berlin. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/USCOB_Hints_on_Visiting_East_Berlin_-_19811109.pdf. - ^ "Commandants of Berlin Soviet Zone". World Statesmen.org. http://www.worldstatesmen.org/German_States1918.htm#Soviet. [edit] External links - Berlin Photos 1989–1999 - East Berlin Past and Present - Pictures of the GDR and East Berlin 1949–1973 - Old East Berlin Fades Away Amid Renovations - The Lives of Others official website - East Berlin (independent) - Cottbus - Dresden - Erfurt - Frankfurt (Oder) - Gera - Halle - Karl-Marx-Stadt - Leipzig - Magdeburg - Neubrandenburg - Potsdam - Rostock - Schwerin - Suhl - West Berlin (UK France USA) - East Berlin (USSR) - Saarland (France)