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Карелия (пояснение) Карелия може да се отнася за: - Карелия - историко-географска област в Северна Европа - Република Карелия - автономен субект в състава на Руската федерация - Карело-Финска ССР - самостоятелен субект в СССР през периода 1940-1956 г. - Карелска автономна съветска социалистическа република - Автономна република в състава на СССР, предшественик на република Карелия. - Северна Карелия и Южна Карелия - административни области (maakunta) на съвременна Финландия - Карелия (провинция) - историческа провинция на Швеция, впоследствие част от Финландия - Тверска Карелия - етнографска област в Централна Русия Вижте още[редактиране | редактиране на кода] - Карелски провлак - ивицата земя между Ладожкото езеро и Финския залив
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North Karelia North Karelia (Finnish: Pohjois-Karjala; Swedish: Norra Karelen) is a region in eastern Finland. It borders the regions of Kainuu, Northern Savonia, Southern Savonia and South Karelia, as well as Russia. The city of Joensuu is the capital of North Karelia. North Karelia is renowned among public health officials.[1] In the 1960s Finland led industrialized nations in heart disease mortality rates. North Karelia had Finland's highest incidence. In 1972 a long-term project was undertaken which targeted this risk in North Karelia.[2] The resulting improvement in public health is still considered remarkable, a model for the rest of the nation.[3] Contents Historical province[edit] For history, geography and culture see: Karelia Municipalities[edit] North Karelia is divided into 13 municipalities. - Ilomantsi (5,693) - Kontiolahti (14,104) - Outokumpu (7,396) - Polvijärvi (4,772) - Rääkkylä (2,528) - Tohmajärvi (4,975) Heraldry[edit] The coat of arms of North Karelia is composed of the arms of Karelia. Education[edit] Institutions of higher education in North Karelia include: both in Joensuu. Politics[edit] Results of the Finnish parliamentary election, 2011 in North Karelia: - Social Democratic Party 26.4% - Centre Party 26.2% - True Finns 23.1% - National Coalition Party 10.5% - Green League 5.4% - Left Alliance 4.2% - Christian Democrats 2.8% Gallery[edit] Buildings of University of Eastern Finland Railway station in Nurmes; an example of Art Nouveau architecture References[edit] - ^ "The North Karelia Project: 30 years successfully preventing chronic diseases". International Diabetes Federation. - ^ "Change in risk factors for coronary heart disease during 10 years of a community intervention programme (North Karelia project)". After the second world war cardiovascular diseases, predominantly coronary heart disease, became the leading public health problem in most of the industrialised world. Mortality statistics and other studies showed that in the 1960s the highest heart disease mortality rates were observed in Finland, predominantly in men. Within Finland the highest rates were registered in eastern Finland and were particularly high in the county of North Karelia. - ^ "THE NORTH KARELIA PROJECT: FROM NORTH KARELIA TO NATIONAL ACTION". National Institute for Health and Welfare (Finland) [1]. In first five years of the North Karelia Project, for example, most of the reduction in cigarette smoking took place in the first year of the programme; most hypertensive individuals who brought their blood pressure under control achieved this by the end of the third year; dietary changes took place gradually over a five-year period; and, as noted earlier, at the end of five years, a net reduction in risk-factor levels was observed. Concerning mortality, CHD incidence and mortality rates started to decline surprisingly quickly after the start of the intervention in North Karelia. In the rest of the country, a similar decline started several years later. Thus a significant net change in favour of North Karelia was observed, especially in 1974 to 1979 (Salonen et al, 1983). Thereafter, although the decline in North Karelia continued, the net decline was gradually reduced. Thus maximal difference in favour of the intervention area was observed some 5-8 years after its start (Puska et al, 1995). For cancer mortality, a net reduction in favour of North Karelia could be observed much later, i.e., 5 to10 years after the intervention commenced. External links[edit] - North Karelia - Visitkarelia.fi - Information about travel, tourism and other fields in North Karelia - Video about travelling in North Karelia - Pielis.ru – travel information about North Karelia region and City of Joensuu