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Кабинда Кабинда (на португалски Cabinda) е провинция и ексклав на африканската държава Ангола. Областта е била известна в миналото като "Португалско Конго". Граничи с Демократична република Конго (Заир) и с Република Конго на север. Има площ от 7 270 кв.км. Кабинда има много висок прираст на населението - през 1991 то е било около 163 000 жители, през 2007 вече над 300 000. Кабинда почти изцяло се населява от народността Баконго. Главни градове в ексклава са Кабинда (това е и най-голямото пристанище) и Малебо (около 10 000 жители). В областта се произвеждат кафе, какао и палмово масло. Има и добив на ценна дървесина. Най-важен сектор е обаче нефтодобивът. Печалбата от нефтодобива (започнал през 1968 година)на Кабинда формира около 80% от анголския бюджет. Сегашните граници на Кабинда са уточнени между колониалните сили Португалия и Франция още през 1886 година. През 1956 година, Португалия - по примера на Франция, с цел намаляване на административните разходи, обединява колониите Кабинда и Ангола под общо управление. По време на преговорите за отпускане в независимост, от Португалската страна са искали Кабинда да стане самостоятелна държава, но през 1975 Ангола иска да присъедини Кабинда и я заема с военна сила. От тогава има непрекъснати въоръжени конфликти. През 1974 г. Кабинда е призната за 39-та държава в Африка от Организацията за африканско единство. В Кабинда съществува силно изразено сепаратистко движение за отцепване от Ангола и създаване на самостоятелна и суверенна Кабинда най-силното движение е Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC). На 8 Януари 2010 FLEC нападна националния футболен отбор на Того, намиращ се в Ангола за Африканското първенство по футбол 2010. При нападението бяха убити трима делегати и ранени играчи и членове на отбора.
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Cabinda conflict The Cabinda conflict is a separatist insurgency of the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC) in Cabinda Province against the government of Angola. Cabinda is an exclave bordering the Democratic Republic of Congo and Republic of Congo. Rich in oil, it produces 60% of the total Angolan output. International corporations such as Chevron Corporation, Total and Agip operate in the country, along with the partially state-owned Sonangol, an important corporation for Angola[citation needed]. The conflict started in late of 1950s when Angola was a different legal entity as Portuguese colony while Cabinda was Portuguese Proctetorate under the Treaty Of Simulambuco and Portugal decided to put both territories under the same administration based in Luanda. In January 1975 under pressure from Angolan liberation movements, Portugal accepted to recognize Cabinda as part of Angola in Alvor (accord of Alvor) where the 3 Angolan movements (MPLA, UNITA and FNLA) were present, ignoring completely the will of the People of Cabinda their right to self-determination not only under the U.N. Chart/Right to Self-determination of people but under the Treaty of Simulambuco in which Portugal recognizes the right to self- determination of Cabinda and to protect the culture and territorial integrity of Cabinda. In November 1975 Angola became an independent country from Portugal, claiming Cabinda as part of its territory and invaded Cabinda in that November 1975 soon after Portuguese troops left the territory.[1] The provisional Cabindan government, led by the FLEC, was overturned. Angola gained control of the main cities, while occupant forces moved into the countryside. There was constant fighting for decades, as the Angolan Civil War dragged on nearly thirty years, until 2002 when Angolan forces and UNITA forces signed the peace deal that end the war in Angola. Meanwhile the conflict in Cabinda still going on and there's no sign that it will end anytime soon unless the international community take it seriously. The [2] The Cabindan independence movements experienced a number of splits. A ceasefire was reached between Angola and FLEC-Renovada, while FLEC-FAC denied such a treaty and supported the Republic of Cabinda government in exile. A few small steps occurred in recent times, with some leaders proposing a new ceasefire and peace talks.[3] According to the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, Cabinda is under military occupation,[4] reinforced in recent times by Angolan forces.[5] This was especially true after the Togo national football team was attacked by the FLEC, when Angola was hosting the 2010 African Cup of Nations. Rebel forces claimed it was a mistake.[6] International intervention in the conflict has been limited, with Portugal offering a mediation role and letting the FLEC rule a delegation in Lisbon.[7] France hosts part of the Cabindan government in the exile, the vast majority of whom are francophone. (The French oil company Total is present in the country.) The Netherlands has hosted some talks between the sides in recent years. The United States and China watch the situation closely, for the sake of their oil corporations in the region — and on account of China's growing relationship with Angola.[citation needed] Cuba reduced its presence after several years of intervention in the Civil Waron behalf of the government. References[edit] - ^ Global Security Military. Cabinda - ^ ¿Qué pasa en Cabinda? - ^ [1] Cabindan rebels historic leader offers a ceasefire and proposes peace talks in Luanda - ^ UNPO Resolution Concerning the Cabinda Enclave Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, July 7, 2005 - ^ Angola maintains reinforced military presence in Cabinda - ^ Sturcke, James; Myers, Paul; Smith, David (2010-01-11). "Togo footballers were attacked by mistake, Angolan rebels say". The Guardian.