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Камшик (музикален инструмент) - Вижте пояснителната страница за други значения на Камшик. Камшикът е музикален перкусионен инструмент от групата на дървените идиофони. Състои се от две дървени летви, които в единия си край са съединени с панта, а от външната страна на свободния си край имат дръжки. От вътрешната страна са облицовани с плат. Инструментът издава пляскащ звук, подобен на истински камшик. Използва се в класическата музика. Японски вариант на камшика е хиошиги. Използва се в традиционния японски театър и представлява две дебели къси блокчета от твърдо дърво или бамбук, свързани по същия начин, както камшика. Изпълнителите свирят в такт с музиката като постепенно започват да забързват докато се стигне до възможно най-бързото темпо. Хиошиги се използва и за да анонсира започването на театрално представление. Понякога във българската фолклорна музика се използват дървени лъжици, които се обръщат с гръб една към друга и се удрят. Звукът, който произвеждат е сходен с този на камшика. Произведения, в които се използва камшик[редактиране | edit source] - Кшищоф Пендерецки - Симфония 1 - Морис Равел - Концерт за пиано в сол мажор - Густав Малер - Симфония 5 и 6 - Лирой Андерсън - Sleigh Ride - Бенджамин Бритън - The Young Person's Guide to Orchestra
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Clapper (musical instrument) A clapper is a basic form of percussion instrument. It consists of two long solid pieces that are clapped together producing sound. A straightforward instrument to produce and play, they exist in many forms in many different cultures around the world. Clappers can take a number of forms and be made of a wide variety of material. Wood is most common, but metal and ivory have also been used. The plastic thundersticks that have recently come to be popular at sporting events can be considered a form of inflated plastic clapper. Several specific forms of clapper have their own names, such as the Chinese guban or the Korean bak. In the classical music of Thailand, two clappers are used: the krab sepha and krab phuong. In the classical music of Thailand, a similar instrument is called krap. In Vietnam, the coin clapper called sinh tiền is widely used. In the Western symphony orchestra, a clapper called the whip (also called slapstick) is occasionally used in the percussion section. Not to be confused with bell clapper. Whip/Slapstick[edit] In music, a whip or slapstick is a clapper (percussion instrument) consisting of two wooden boards joined by a hinge at one end. When the boards are brought together rapidly, the sound is reminiscent of the crack of a whip. It is often used in modern orchestras, bands, and percussion ensembles. There are two types of whips. The first has two planks of wood connected by a hinge, with a handle on each. The percussionist holds the instrument by the handles and hits the two pieces of wood together, creating a loud whip noise. The other type also has two planks of wood, one longer than the other, with one handle, connected with a spring hinge so it can be played with just one hand, though it cannot produce sounds as loud as a whip requiring both hands. This second type of whip is technically a separate instrument called a slapstick. Usage in classical music[edit] The whip is sometimes indicated in scores by the native words for "whip" (French fouet, German Peitsche, or Italian frusta) or a term indicating the clapper construction (French claquette or German Holzklapper).[1] This list is alphabetical, but is by no means exhaustive. - John Adams: Nixon in China - Thomas Adès: Living Toys (the whip is played by the lead French horn player), The Tempest and "Totentanz" - Leroy Anderson: Christmas standard "Sleigh Ride", where the instrument is meant to imitate an actual whip on a horse - Samuel Barber: Piano Concerto - Benjamin Britten: The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra, Noye's Fludde, Sinfonia da Requiem, Saint Nicolas, Spring Symphony, and War Requiem - John Barnes Chance: Incantation and Dance - Aaron Copland: Rodeo (Buckaroo Holiday), Symphony No.3 - George Gershwin: Piano Concerto in F - Adam Guettel: The Light in the Piazza - Daron Hagen: Shining Brow - Alun Hoddinott: Fioriture - James MacMillan: The Sacrifice - Frederik Magle: Symphonic suite Cantabile[2] - Gustav Mahler: Symphonies No. 5 and 6 - William Mathias: Vistas, Laudi, and In Arcadia - Olivier Messiaen: Des Canyons aux étoiles, Saint François d'Assise, and Éclairs sur l'au-delà… - Modest Mussorgsky: Pictures at an Exhibition (the whip is used by the orchestrations of Maurice Ravel, Vladimir Jurowski and Henk de Vlieger's version for percussion essemble) - Krzysztof Penderecki: Symphony No. 1 (which begins with nine whip cracks punctuated by pauses) - Maurice Ravel: Piano Concerto in G and L'heure espagnole (The Spanish Hour) - Dmitri Shostakovich: Cello Concerto No. 2 in G (last movement), Symphony No. 13, Symphony No. 14 and Symphony No. 15 - Juan María Solare: Un ángel de hielo y fuego - Frank Ticheli: Fortress - Michael Tippett: New Year (opera and suite version), The Knot Garden, The Ice Break, The Vision of Saint Augustine, Songs for Dov, and The Shires Suite - Edgard Varèse: Ionisation - Alexander Vustin: The Devil in Love - William Walton: Belshazzar's feast - Huw Watkins: Piano Concerto - Bernd Alois Zimmermann: Die Soldaten See also[edit] References[edit] - ^ James Blades and James Holland. In Macy, Laura. Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. (subscription required) - ^ "Cantabile - A Symphonic Suite by Frederik Magle". magle.dk. Further reading[edit] - "Clapper." Encyclopædia Britannica.[full citation needed]