https___en.wikipedia.org_wiki_Lazare_Hippolyte_Carnot.xml
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Иполит Карно Лазар Иполит Карно (на френски: Lazare Hippolyte Carnot) е френски политик, участвал в Революцията от 1848. Иполит Карно е син на Лазар Карно, политик от времето на Революцията от 1789, по-малък брат на физика Сади Карно и баща на бъдещия президент Сади Карно. [редактиране] Биография Иполит Карно е роден през 1801 в Сент Омер. Прекарва първите си години заедно с баща си, който се намира в изгнание по политически причини, и се връща във Франция едва през 1823. Той се занимава с литература и философия, през 1828 публикува свои преводи на стихове от Вилхелм Мюлер. По това време е привърженик на сенсимонизма и сътрудничи на вестник „Le Producteur“, а през 1830 издава „Exposé de la doctrine Saint-Simonienne“ („Изложение на сенсимонистката доктрина“). През 1839 Карно е избран за депутат от Париж и е преизбиран през 1842 и 1846, като се включва в групата на радикалната левица, противопоставяща се на крал Луи-Филип. Той взема участие в Революцията от 1848 и става министър на просветата във временното правителство на Алфонс дьо Ламартин. На този пост той подготвя законопроект за задължително и безплатно начално образование, но се противопоставя на изцяло светските училища, с което предизвиква неодобрението както на десницата, така и на крайната левица, и на 5 юли 1848 е принуден да се оттегли. Карно е сред обявилите се срещу държавния преврат от 2 декември 1851, но въпреки това не е преследван от Наполеон III. През 1864 отказва да заеме мястото си в парламента, за да не положи клетва пред императора, и през следващите години е активен участник в републиканската опозиция. През 1871 става отново депутат и участва в изготвянето на Конституционите закони от 1875. На 16 декември 1875 е избран от Националното събрание за пожизнен сенатор. Иполит Карно умира през 1888, три месеца след избирането на сина му Мари Франсоа Сади Карно за президент на Франция. [редактиране] Библиография - Exposé de la doctrine Saint-Simonienne (1830) - Le Ministère de l'Instruction Publique et des Cultes, depuis le 24 février jusqu'au 5 juillet 1848 - Mémoires sur Carnot par son fils (2 тома, 1861-1864) - Mémoires de Barère de Vieuzac (в съавторство с Давид Анже, 4 тома, 1842-1843).
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Hippolyte Carnot Lazare Hippolyte Carnot (6 October 1801, Saint-Omer – 16 March 1888) was a French statesman. He was the younger brother of the founder of thermodynamics Sadi Carnot and the second son of the revolutionary politician and general Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot, who also served in the government of Napoleon, as well as the father of French president Marie François Sadi Carnot. Contents Early life[edit] Hippolyte Carnot was born at Saint-Omer, Pas-de-Calais. After the final defeat of Napoleon in 1815, his father went into exile. Hippolyte Carnot lived at first in exile with his father, returning to France only in 1823. Unable to enter active political life, he turned to literature and philosophy, publishing in 1828 a collection of Chants helléniens translated from the German of Wilhelm Müller, and in 1830 an Exposé de la doctrine Saint-Simonienne, and collaborating in the Saint-Simonian journal Le Producteur. He paid several visits to Britain and travelled in other countries of Europe.[1] Overview[edit] In March 1839 after the dissolution of the chamber by Louis Philippe, he was elected deputy for Paris (re-elected in 1842 and in 1846), and sat in the group of the Radical Left, being one of the leaders of the party hostile to Louis Philippe. On 24 February 1848 he pronounced in favour of the republic. Alphonse de Lamartine chose him as minister of education in the provisional government, and Carnot set to work to organize the primary school systems, proposing a law for obligatory and free primary instruction, and another for the secondary education of girls. He opposed purely secular schools, holding that "the minister and the schoolmaster are the two columns on which rests the edifice of the republic." By this attitude he alienated both the Right and the Republicans of the Extreme Left, and was forced to resign on 5 July 1848. He was one of those who protested against the coup d'état of 2 December 1851 but was not proscribed by Louis Napoleon. He refused to sit in the Corps Législatif until 1864, in order not to have to take the oath to the emperor.[1] From 1864 to 1869 he was in the republican opposition, taking a very active part. He was defeated at the election of 1869. On 8 February 1871 he was named deputy for the Seine-et-Oise département, and participated in the drawing up of the Constitutional Laws of 1875. On 16 December 1875 he was named by the National Assembly senator for life. He died three months after the election of his elder son, Marie François Sadi Carnot, to the presidency of the republic. He had published Le Ministère de l'Instruction Publique et des Cultes, depuis le 24 février jusqu'au 5 juillet 1848, Mémoires sur Carnot par son fils (2 vols., 1861-1864), Mémoires de Barère de Vieuzac (with David Angers, 4 vols 1842-1843). His second son, Marie Adolphe Carnot (b. 1830), became a distinguished mining engineer and director of the École des Mines (1899), his studies in analytical chemistry placing him in the front rank of French scientists. He was made a member of the Academy of Sciences in 1895.[1] References[edit] - ^ a b c d Chisholm 1911. - Attribution - This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. "Carnot, Lazare Hippolyte". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Sources[edit] - Vermorel, Les Hommes de 1848 (3rd ed., 1869); - Spuller, Histoire parlementaire de la Seconde Republique (1891); - Pierre de La Gorce, Histoire du Second Empire (1894 et seq.). Louis-Eugène Cavaignac President of the Council - Hippolyte Carnot - Achille Tenaille de Vaulabelle - Alexandre Pierre Freslon - Pierre Marie de Saint-Georges (acting) - 1801 births - 1888 deaths - People from Saint-Omer - French republicans - French Ministers of Public Education and Religious Affairs - Members of the Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy - Members of the 1848 Constituent Assembly - Members of the National Legislative Assembly of the French Second Republic - Members of the Corps législatif of the Second French Empire - Members of the National Assembly (1871) - French Life Senators - Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery