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История на Науру За доколониалния период от историята на остров Науру е известно много малко поради липсата на каквито и да са писмени източници (до появата на мисионерите науруанският език няма писмена форма) и археологически данни. Колониалният период е тясно свързан с основното природно богатство на Науру – фосфат (наричан науруит). Първият европеец, достигнал остров Науру, е британският капитан Джон Фърн, открил острова на 8 ноември 1798 г.[1] По-късно Науру последователно е подопечна територия на колониални държави: от 1888 г. – на Германия, от 1914 г. – на Австралия, между 1942 и 1945 г. – на Япония, а по-късно – отново на Австралия[2]. През 1968 г. островът придобива независимост. Република Науру е пълноправен член на Организацията на обединените нации[2]. Бележки[редактиране | edit source] Вижте също[редактиране | edit source]
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Outline of Nauru The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Nauru: The Republic of Nauru is a sovereign island nation located in the Micronesian South Pacific.[1] Its nearest neighbour is Banaba Island in the Republic of Kiribati, 300 kilometres (190 mi) due east. Nauru is the world's smallest island nation, covering just 21 square kilometres (8 sq mi), the smallest independent republic, and the only republican state in the world without an official capital. It is the least populous member of the United Nations. Initially inhabited by Micronesian and Polynesian peoples, Nauru was annexed and designated a colony by Germany in the late 19th century, and became a mandate territory administered by Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom following World War I. The island was occupied by Japan during World War II, and after the war entered into trusteeship again. Nauru achieved independence in 1968. Nauru is a phosphate rock island, and its primary economic activity since 1907 has been the export of phosphate mined from the island.[2] With the exhaustion of phosphate reserves, its environment severely degraded by mining, and the trust established to manage the island's wealth significantly reduced in value, the government of Nauru has resorted to unusual measures to obtain income. In the 1990s, Nauru briefly became a tax haven and money laundering center. Since 2001, it accepted aid from the Australian government; in exchange for this aid, Nauru housed, until early 2008, an offshore detention centre that held and processed asylum seekers trying to enter Australia.[3] Contents - 1 General reference - 2 Geography of Nauru - 3 Government and politics of Nauru - 3.1 Branches of the government of Nauru - 3.2 Foreign relations of Nauru - 3.3 Law and order in Nauru - 3.4 Military of Nauru - 3.5 Local government in Nauru - 4 History of Nauru - 5 Culture of Nauru - 6 Economy and infrastructure of Nauru - 7 Education in Nauru - 8 Infrastructure of Nauru - 9 See also - 10 References - 11 External links General reference[edit] - Pronunciation: - Common English country name: Nauru - Official English country name: The Republic of Nauru - Common endonym(s): - Official endonym(s): - Adjectival(s): Nauruan - Demonym(s): Nauruans - Etymology: Name of Nauru - ISO country codes: NR, NRU, 520 - ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:NR - Internet country code top-level domain: .nr Geography of Nauru[edit] - Nauru is: a country - Location: - Southern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere - Pacific Ocean - South Pacific - Time zone: UTC+12 - Extreme points of Nauru - High: Command Ridge 71 m (233 ft) - Low: South Pacific Ocean 0 m - Land boundaries: none - Coastline: South Pacific Ocean 30 km - Population of Nauru: 10,000 - 214th most populous country - Area of Nauru: 21 km2 - Atlas of Nauru Environment of Nauru[edit] - Climate of Nauru - Renewable energy in Nauru - Geology of Nauru - Protected areas of Nauru - Wildlife of Nauru Natural geographic features of Nauru[edit] - Islands of Nauru: Nauru consists in a single island - Lakes of Nauru: one: Buada Lagoon[4] - Mountains of Nauru: none - Rivers of Nauru: none[4] - World Heritage Sites in Nauru: none Regions of Nauru[edit] Ecoregions of Nauru[edit] Administrative divisions of Nauru[edit] Districts of Nauru[edit] Municipalities of Nauru[edit] - Capital of Nauru: the Yaren District is the defacto capital of Nauru - Cities of Nauru Demography of Nauru[edit] Government and politics of Nauru[edit] - Main article: Government of Nauru and Politics of Nauru - Form of government: parliamentary republic - Capital of Nauru: Yaren District (de facto only; there is no official capital) Branches of the government of Nauru[edit] Executive branch of the government of Nauru[edit] Legislative branch of the government of Nauru[edit] Judicial branch of the government of Nauru[edit] Foreign relations of Nauru[edit] International organization membership[edit] The Republic of Nauru is a member of:[1] Law and order in Nauru[edit] - Constitution of Nauru - Crime in Nauru - Human rights in Nauru - Law enforcement in Nauru Military of Nauru[edit] Nauru has no regular military forces. Nauru's defense is the responsibility of Australia. Local government in Nauru[edit] History of Nauru[edit] - Main article: History of Nauru, Timeline of the history of Nauru, and Current events of Nauru Culture of Nauru[edit] - Architecture of Nauru - Cuisine of Nauru - Festivals in Nauru - Languages of Nauru - Media in Nauru - National symbols of Nauru - People of Nauru - Public holidays in Nauru - Records of Nauru - Religion in Nauru - World Heritage Sites in Nauru: None Art in Nauru[edit] - Art in Nauru - Cinema of Nauru - Literature of Nauru - Music of Nauru - Television in Nauru - Theatre in Nauru Sports in Nauru[edit] Economy and infrastructure of Nauru[edit] - Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 189th (one hundred and eighty ninth) - Agriculture in Nauru - Banking in Nauru - Communications in Nauru - Companies of Nauru - Energy in Nauru - Mining in Nauru - Tourism in Nauru - Visa policy of Nauru - Transport in Nauru Education in Nauru[edit] Infrastructure of Nauru[edit] - Health care in Nauru - Transportation in Nauru - Water supply and sanitation in Nauru See also[edit] - Index of Nauru-related articles - List of international rankings - List of Nauru-related topics - Member state of the Commonwealth of Nations - Member state of the United Nations - Outline of geography - Outline of Oceania References[edit] - ^ a b "Nauru". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 23 July 2009. - ^ Republic of Nauru Permanent Mission to the United Nations. - ^ "Australia ends 'Pacific Solution'". BBC News. 8 February 2008. - ^ a b Nauru on Google Sites External links[edit] - Nauru, Permanent Mission to the United Nations - Asian Development Bank Country Economic Report, Nauru, November 2007 - Our Airline - the former Air Nauru - Discover Nauru The Official Nauru Tourism Website - CenPac - The ISP of the Republic of Nauru - Radio program "This American Life" featured a 30-minute story on Nauru - Nauru at DMOZ - High resolution aerial views of Nauru on Google Maps - Nauru country information on globalEDGE