http___en.wikipedia.org_wiki_Time_capsule.xml
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Капсула на времето Капсула на времето е своеобразно писмо за бъдещето. То представлява послание, сложено в метална капсула, запечатано и обикновено поставено в земята с надпис отгоре с датата, на която да се отвори. Много често това става в тържествена обстановка. Често съдържанието на капсулата се пази в тайна. В СССР на няколко места пионери през 1960-те поставят капсули на времето, в които описват мечтите и представите си за 2000-та година. През 1939 година в Ню Йорк е поставена капсула на времето която трябва да бъде отворена след 5000 години, т.е. през 6939-та година. В Космоса засега са изстреляни 4 капсули на времето - 2 плочи на Пионер и 2 златни плочи на Вояджър. Предназначени са за контакт с евентуални извънземни цивилизации. Напоследък стават популярни електронните капсули на времето. [редактиране] В киното - Във филма "Знамение" (Knowing) от 2009, подобна капсула е напълнена с детски рисунки, които са запечатани в нея през 1959. Едно мистериозно момиче, обаче, вместо рисунка запълва целият лист с на пръв поглед случайно избрани числа. 50 години по-късно, ново поколение ученици решават да отворят капсулата и когато листа попада в бащата (Никълъс Кейдж) на едно от децата, той разбира, че листа е пълен с предсказания за бъдещ Апокалипсис на Земята. [редактиране] Външни препратки - Международное общество временных капсул - «Капсулы Времени» Статья из журнала «Наука и жизнь» - Отправка электронных посланий в будущее - The Ozymandias Project: A proposal for a deep time capsule - Capturing Time: The New York Times Capsule; an American Museum of Natural History exhibition - Time Capsules from Tales of Futures Past - Genesis Landing Site Monument Installation
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Time capsule A time capsule is a historic cache of goods or information, usually intended as a method of communication with future people and to help future archaeologists, anthropologists or historians. Time capsules are sometimes created and buried during celebrations such as a World's Fair, a cornerstone laying for a building or at other events. [edit] Background Time capsules are placed with the intention that they will be opened or accessed at a future date. The 1939 New York World's Fair time capsule was created by Westinghouse as part of their exhibit. It was 90 inches (2.3 metres) long, with an interior diameter of 6.5 inches (16 cm), and weighed 800 pounds (360 kg). Westinghouse named the copper, chromium and silver alloy "Cupaloy", claiming it had the same strength as mild steel. It contained everyday items such as a spool of thread and doll, a Book of Record (description of the capsule and its creators), a vial of staple food crop seeds, a microscope and a 15-minute RKO Pathé Pictures newsreel. Microfilm spools condensed the contents of a Sears Roebuck catalog, dictionary, almanac, and other texts. This first modern time capsule was followed in 1965 by a second capsule at the same site, but 10 feet to the north of the original. Both capsules are buried 50 feet below Flushing Meadows Park, site of the Fair. Both the 1939 and 1965 Westinghouse Time Capsules are meant to be opened in 6939. More recently, in 1985, Westinghouse created a smaller, Plexiglass shell to be buried beneath the New York Marriott Marquis hotel, in the heart of New York's theater district. However, this time capsule was never put in place. The Crypt of Civilization (1936) at Oglethorpe University, intended to be opened in 8113, is generally regarded as the first modern time capsule, although it was not called one at the time. George Edward Pendray is responsible for coining the term "time capsule."[2][3] During the socialist period in the USSR, many time capsules were buried with messages to a future communist society.[citation needed] New Zealand developed a time capsule project called "Millennium Vault" for the turn of the 20th century. The project developers buried it beneath a pyramid.[4] Currently, four time capsules are "buried" in space. The two Pioneer Plaques and the two Voyager Golden Records have been attached to spacecraft for the possible benefit of spacefarers in the distant future. A fifth time capsule, the KEO satellite, will be launched in 2012, carrying individual messages from Earth's inhabitants addressed to earthlings around the year 52,000, when it is due to return to Earth. The International Time Capsule Society was created to maintain a global database of all existing time capsules. [edit] Criticism According to time capsule historian William Jarvis, most intentional time capsules usually do not provide much useful historical information: they are typically filled with "useless junk", new and pristine in condition, that tells little about the people of the time.[5] Many time capsules today contain only artifacts of limited value to future historians. Historians suggest that items which describe the daily lives of the people who created them, such as personal notes, pictures, and documents, would greatly increase the value of the time capsule to future historians. If time capsules have a museum-like goal of preserving the culture of a particular time and place for study, they fulfill this goal very poorly in that they, by definition, are kept sealed for a particular length of time. Subsequent generations between the launch date and the target date will have no direct access to the artifacts and therefore these generations are prevented from learning from the contents directly. Therefore, time capsules can be seen, in respect to their usefulness to historians, as dormant museums, their releases timed for some date so far in the future that the building in question is no longer intact.[5] Historians also concede that there are many preservation issues surrounding the selection of the media to transmit this information to the future.[5] Some of these issues include the obsolescence of technology and the deterioration of electronic and magnetic storage media, and possible language problems if the capsule is dug up in the distant future. Many buried time capsules are lost, as interest in them fades and the exact location is forgotten, or are destroyed within a few years by groundwater. Archives and archival materials, including videos, might be the best types of time capsules, as long as the medium can still be used, or the data can be read by the latest technologies and software. [edit] Bibliography - William Jarvis (2002). Time Capsules: A Cultural History. - Janet Reinhold (1993, 2000). A Sampling of Time Capsule Contents. - Vladimir Pakhomov (2003). Mystery of the Calendar - Message to the Unborn. [edit] See also - List of time capsules - Bracewell probe - Builders' rites - Clock of the Long Now - Crypt of Civilization - International Time Capsule Society - KEO - Message in a bottle - Museum - Onkalo waste repository, Into Eternity (film) - Time Capsule at Shelby, Iowa - White House Millennium Council - Westinghouse Time Capsules - Yahoo! Time Capsule - Rosetta Project - Timeline of Installs and Open dates [edit] References - ^ "HELIUM MONUMENT". Amarillo, Texas, USA: Don Harrington Discovery Center. http://www.dhdc.org/index.php?page=helium-monument. - ^ "Princeton University Library - G. Edward Pendray Papers, 1829-1981 (bulk 1923-1971)". http://diglib.princeton.edu/ead/eadGetDoc.xq?id=/ead/mudd/publicpolicy/MC105.EAD.xml. - ^ New York Times, August 19, 1938, page 21 ""The Seattle Times" article Sunday, June 27, 1999: New Millennium Prompts A Craze For Time Capsules". http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19990627&slug=2968764. - ^ a b c William Jarvis (2002) [edit] External links - Smithsonian article on Time Capsules, guidelines - Helpful Tips for Planning a Time Capsule Project - Frequently Asked Questions about time capsules - Heritage Time Capsule's Congressional Time Capsule 2009 - The book of record of the time capsule of Cupaloy — New York World's fair 1939, scanned book via Internet Archive - The future of the future - Seattle Weekly - Genesis Landing Site Monument Installation - Andy Warhol's Time Capsule 21 - Blanton Museum Time Capsule (circa 2003) - Tips for building a time capsule from the International Time Capsule Society - New York Times Capsule in NYC - The Jubilee Time Capsule - The Royal Commonwealth Society's Jubilee Time Capsule to celebrate Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee in 2012. - Time Capsule of 1905 City of Palatka Florida