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Йошихико Нода Йошихико Нода е японски политик, министър-председател на Япония между 2 септември 2011 и 26 декември 2012 г. и председател на Демократическата партия на Япония (ДП). Съдържание Биография[редактиране | edit source] Ранен живот и образование[редактиране | edit source] Йошихико Нода е роден на 20 май 1957 година в град Фунабаши, префектура Чиба, Япония. Израства в бедно семейство. Завършва университета Васеда в Токио, където учи в „Училището по политически науки и икономика“. По-късно продължава обучението си в Института по управление и бизнес „Мацушита“.[1] Йошихико Нода е женен за Хитоми Нода, с която има двама сина.[2] Политическа кариера[редактиране | edit source] През 1993 година е избран за първи път като народен представител в Парламента на Япония. По това време е член на несъществуващата днес „Японска нова партия“. През 1996 година губи мястото си в Камарата на представителите.[1] През юни 2010 година Нода е избран за министър на финансите в кабинета на министър-председателя Наото Кан. Остава на този пост до избора му за министър-председател, приемайки официално тази длъжност на 2 септември 2011 година.[1] Нода получава възможността да стане премиер на Япония, след като предшественика му Наото Кан подава оставка, заради критиките относно справянето му с аварията в японската АЕЦ Фукушима I. В края на август 2011 година се провеждат избори за поста председател на „Демократическата партия на Япония“, в които основни конкуренти са Йошихико Нода и Банри Кайеда. Нода е победител в гласуването и това гарантира избора му за следващ премиер на Япония. След официалното му встъпване в длъжност, Нода се превръща в шестия министър-председател на Япония за последните пет години.[3] Използвана литература[редактиране | edit source] Бележки[редактиране | edit source] - ↑ а б в ((en)) Profile: Yoshihiko Noda, a fiscal hawk flies into Japan's top post. - ↑ ((en)) First lady' Hitomi Noda prefers to stay out of limelight. // JapanToday. - ↑ Финансовият министър на Япония Йошихико Нода ще бъде новият премиер. // Дневник. Външни препратки[редактиране | edit source] - В Общомедия има медийни файлове относно Йошихико Нода - Официален сайт (на японски език)
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Yoshihiko Noda Yoshihiko Noda (野田 佳彦 Noda Yoshihiko?, born 20 May 1957) is a Japanese politician who was Prime Minister of Japan from 2011 to 2012. He is a member of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), and a member of the House of Representatives (lower house) in the Diet (national legislature). He was named to succeed Naoto Kan as a result of a runoff vote against Banri Kaieda in his party,[1] and was formally appointed by the Emperor on 2 September 2011. Following a severe loss for the DPJ in the December 2012 general election, Noda conceded defeat and announced his resignation as party leader. He was succeeded by Shinzō Abe as Prime Minister on 26 December 2012.[2] Contents Early life[edit] Noda was born in Funabashi, Chiba on 20 May 1957, the son of a paratrooper in the Japan Self-Defense Forces.[3] Unlike many prominent Japanese politicians, Noda has no family connections to Nagatachō. His parents were too poor to pay for a wedding reception.[4][5] Noda graduated from Chiba Prefectural Funabashi Senior High School in 1975. He then enrolled in Waseda University School of Political Sciences and Economics in 1980 and was later accepted into the prestigious Matsushita Institute. This institution was founded by Konosuke Matsushita (the founder of Panasonic) to groom future civic leaders of Japan. While attending the Matsushita Institute, Noda read household gas meters as a part-time job in his native Chiba Prefecture, partially in order to get to know his future constituents better in preparation for a run for office.[6] He was first elected to the assembly of Chiba Prefecture in 1987 at the age of 29.[7] Diet career[edit] In 1993, he was elected to the Diet for first time representing Chiba's Lower House District #4 as a member of the now-defunct Japan New Party. He later joined the DPJ and served as its Diet affairs chief as well as head of the party's public relations office.[7] In October 2005, Noda criticized Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi for his position on Japanese class A war criminals as "war criminals". However, Noda supported Koizumi's visit to Yasukuni Shrine.[8] Noda acted as senior vice finance minister when the DPJ won control of the Diet in September 2009, and was appointed as Minister of Finance by Prime Minister Naoto Kan in June 2010. He was known as a reformist and had led a DPJ intraparty group critical of ex-DPJ powerbroker Ichirō Ozawa.[7] Upon assuming the post of finance minister, Noda, a fiscal conservative, expressed his determination to slash Japan's deficit and rein in gross public debt. In January 2011, for the first time in six years, the finance ministry intervened in the foreign exchange market and spent 2.13 trillion yen to purchase dollars in order to rein in the yen’s spiraling appreciation. Prime Minister[edit] After Naoto Kan's resignation in August 2011, Noda stood as a candidate in the party election to replace him.[9][10] He won a runoff vote against Banri Kaieda in the leadership election, making him the presumptive prime minister. He inherited the challenge of rebuilding from the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.[1][11] During the party caucus making the leadership decision, Noda made a 15-minute speech in which he summarized his political career by comparing himself to dojo loach, a kind of bottom-feeding fish. Paraphrasing a poem by Mitsuo Aida, he said, "I'll never be a goldfish in a scarlet robe, but like a loach in muddy waters. I'll work hard for the people, to move politics forward."[6] The "loach speech" was popular among his colleagues and cemented his political reputation at the start of his term.[12] Noda was said to have close relations with the United States, and stressed the importance of the US-Japan security alliance in an August 2011 speech.[13] On 15 August 2011 —the anniversary of the Surrender of Japan in World War II, he said that Japan's class A war criminals convicted by the Allies were not legally war criminals under his view.[14] As prime minister he stated that his position on this issue would follow the standard set by previous administrations, and that he did not wish to alter Japan's close relationship with China and Korea.[15] Nuclear policy[edit] In his first speech as Prime Minister on 2 September 2011, Noda confirmed that the Japanese government would continue to phase out nuclear power, by not building new nuclear power plants nor extending the life spans of outdated ones. In May, 2012, nuclear power plants which were sitting idle in the wake of the Fukushima disaster were restarted in order to help Japan's immediate demands for energy,[16] despite protests including hundreds of people.[17] Trans-Pacific Partnership[edit] After becoming Prime Minister, one of Noda's most important initiatives was pursuing the entry of Japan into the negotiations for the Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership, which he announced on 11 November 2011.[18] This proved controversial and was widely discussed in Japanese society. Senkaku Islands[edit] The Tokyo Metropolitan Government under Governor Shintaro Ishihara sought to buy the Senkaku Islands, which are claimed by China and Taiwan.[19] Ishihara wished to build facilities on the islands to more obviously claim them as Japanese territory, a move which the national government under Noda regarded as likely to exacerbate tensions with China. On April 27, 2012 the Tokyo government began raising funds from the public to purchase the islands.[20] and by September 2012 1.4 billion yen ($17.8 million) had been raised.[21] On 24 August, Noda went on live television and vowed to appeal to the international community to support Japan’s claims to sovereignty over islands at the center of separate disputes with South Korea and China.[22] On 11 September, the Japanese government nationalized its control over Minami-kojima, Kita-kojima, and Uotsuri islands by purchasing them from the Kurihara family for ¥2.05 billion.[23][24] China's Foreign Ministry objected saying Beijing would not "sit back and watch its territorial sovereignty violated."[25] Consumption tax increase[edit] Another major priority of Noda's was his effort to increase Japan's consumption tax from 5% to 10%. During this struggle Noda said that he "staked his political life" on the passage of the law.[26] The bill passed through the lower house of the diet on 26 June 2012,[27] and passed the upper house on 10 August 2012.[28] On 10 August 2012, Noda survived a no-confidence vote after proposing a five-percent increase in the sales tax.[29] During negotiations for the tax, Noda promised to call an early election "soon".[30] Afterwards, he stated that he had planned to quit as a lawmaker if he had been unable to pass the consumption tax increase.[31] Noda received praise for passing the consumption tax hike despite intense opposition, but was also criticized for bringing the DPJ closer in substance to its rival LDP, rather than keeping the campaign promises by which it defeated the LDP in 2009. One commentator called him "the best prime minister the LDP never had."[32] 2012 general election[edit] On 21 September 2012, Noda won the DPJ's leadership bi-annual election[33] by 818 points out of 1,231. He then said: "I would like to beef up our teamwork so that we can shift the DPJ once again to make it a fighting force that can serve Japan. [I promise to] sweat with all of you to make a vigorous Japan together. The real reform Japan needs is decisive politics when we face issues that need to be decided." His result was seen as more certain after Environment Minister Goshi Hosono stepped back from standing in the election. He defeated former agriculture ministers Michihiko Kano and Hirotaka Akamatsu, as well as former internal affairs minister Kazuhiro Haraguchi.[34][35] On 14 November 2012, Noda stated that the diet would be dissolved on 16 November 2012, and the election would be held on 16 December 2012. Given the DPJ's poor figures in the polls, many members of the DPJ were opposed to this,[36] including General Secretary Azuma Koshiishi, and there was talk among some DPJ members of trying to oust Noda before the next election.[37] The DPJ managed to narrow its polling gap with the LDP prior to the start of the election campaign in December, raising hopes that the DPJ could prevent the LDP from obtaining an outright majority and force a coalition government to be formed.[32] In the wake of the brutal battle surrounding the consumption tax increase, Noda revived the Trans-Pacific Partnership as a campaign issue, making market liberalization the focal point of his campaign strategy.[38] In the election, held on 16 December, the LDP enjoyed a resounding victory under the leadership of Shinzo Abe, winning an outright majority while the DPJ lost around three-fourths of its seats. Noda immediately announced his resignation as president of the DPJ in order to take responsibility for the defeat.[39] Personal life[edit] Noda has been married to his wife Hitomi since 1992 and has two sons.[40] He has a black belt in judo.[6] His favorite food and drink are ramen and sake. He wrote a book entitled Enemy of the DPJ: Government Change Has a Good Cause. In an interview with The Washington Post Noda said he loved watching movies and is a fan of Meryl Streep, who recently won an Academy Award for her portrayal of the former British prime minister Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady. The movie follows Thatcher's life and career as she pushed through a series of economic and administrative reforms despite opposition from her countrymen. Noda also said one of his favorite movies is the 1939 film Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, which tells the story of a U.S. senator who single-handedly fights against political corruption.[41] On May 11, 2013, Noda attended the retirement event of professional wrestler Kenta Kobashi, at Budokan Hall in Tokyo. Entering the ring to greet and congratulate Kobashi during his formal retirement ceremony, Noda stayed at ringside and bore witness to Kobashi's final match and in-ring sendoff. References[edit] - ^ a b Yoshihiko Noda wins Japan leadership race, BBC, 29 August 2011. - ^ "Japan's Shinzo Abe unveils cabinet after voted in as PM". BBC. 26 December 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2013. - ^ "Profile: Yoshihiko Noda, a fiscal hawk flies into Japan's top post". People's Daily. Retrieved 29 August 2011. - ^ Sakamaki, Sachiko; Ujikane, Keiko (29 August 2011). "Japan’s Noda Faces Short Honeymoon". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 29 August 2011. - ^ Hongo, Jun, "Noda a grappler, wears many hats", Japan Times, 31 August 2011, p. 3. - ^ a b c Hayashi, Yuka (2011-08-29). "Japan's Noda: Low-Key on Domestic Issues, Controversial Abroad". The Wall Street Journal. - ^ a b c Japan Times, "Cabinet Profiles: Kan's lineup", 9 June 2010, p. 4. - ^ ポスト菅・身上書:野田佳彦財務相 教育,靖国で保守強調. Mainichi.jp (in Japanese). Mainichi Shimbun. Retrieved 29 August 2011. - ^ "Noda declares DPJ election candidacy, calls for fiscal discipline". Mainichi Newspapers Co. Ltd. Retrieved 28 August 2011. - ^ Johnston, Eric, "Contenders' backgrounds", Japan Times, 28 August 2011, p. 2. - ^ "Yoshihiko Noda elected Japan's new PM". Indiavision news. - ^ "Noda’s likening himself to loach in speech helped endear him to DPJ". Japan Times. 2 September 2011. Retrieved 9 January 2014. - ^ Doubts already emerging over Japan's new PM|Television New Zealand| TVNZ|(29 August 2011) Retrieved on 26 June 2012. Korea blasts Noda's war criminal remarks". The Japan Times. Retrieved 29 August 2011. - ^ A級戦犯」発言で軌道修正=野田新代表. jiji (in Japanese). Jiji Press. Retrieved 31 August 2011. - ^ Tabuchi, Hiroko (2 September 2011). "Japan’s New Prime Minister Vows Gradual Nuclear Phaseout". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 September 2011. - ^ Gerhardt, Tina (22 July 2012). "Japan's People Say NO to Nuclear Energy". Alternet. - ^ Wallace, Rick (12 November 2011). "Trade boost for Australia as Japan agrees to free-trade negotiations". The Australian. Retrieved 24 November 2011. - ^ Japan Times Ishihara seeking to buy Senkaku Islands April 18, 2012 - ^ Japan Times Metro government raising funds in quest to purchase Senkaku Islands April 28, 2012 - ^ Asahi Shimbun Governor of Tokyo: Develop Senkakus, and I'll halt purchase September 1, 2012 - ^ "Japan Places Pressure on South Korea Amid Islets Dispute". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 August 2012. - ^ Kyodo News, "Senkaku purchase bid made official", Japan Times, 11 September 2012, p. 2 - ^ NHK World, "Senkaku Isles Nationalized", 11 September 2012 - ^ "Japan says it will purchase disputed islands from private owner, angering China". Washington Post. September 10, 2012. Retrieved September 10, 2012. - ^ Japan Times Noda stakes his administration, political life on hiking sales tax 25 March 2012 - ^ Japan Times Lower House passes bill to double sales tax 27 June 2012 - ^ Japan Times Upper House passes bill to hike sales levy 11 August 2012 - ^ Westlake, Adam (10 August 2012). "Prime Minister Noda survives opponents’ no-confidence vote". The Japan Daily Press. Retrieved 20 August 2012. - ^ Harlan, Chico (18 August 2012). "In Japan, new taxes levy political toll on Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda". The Washington Post. Retrieved 20 August 2012. - ^ Daily Yomiuri Noda intended to quit if tax bills had failed 13 November 2012 - ^ a b Janowski, Tomasz (4 December 2012). "Japan's PM Noda resilient, resolute as election loss looms". Reuters. Retrieved 9 January 2014. - ^ "JAPAN'S NODA TO REMAIN PM AFTER RULING PARTY VOTE". Associated Press. Retrieved 21 September 2012. - ^ "Japan's PM re-elected ruling party leader". Al Jazeera. September 2009. Retrieved 4 October 2012. - ^ "Noda rewards political allies in Cabinet reshuffle". The Asahi Shimbun. 1 October 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2012. - ^ Daily Yomiuri Noda sets dissolution for 16 November 2012 - ^ Daily Yomiuri Disgruntled DPJ members aim to unseat PM / Dissent grows as lawmakers voice frustration, helplessness at Standing Officers Council meeting 15 November 2012 - ^ Solis, Mireya (13 November 2012). "Can the TPP Save Prime Minister Noda’s Political Career?". Brookings Institution. Retrieved 9 January 2014. - ^ "Abe's LDP dominates election; Noda resigns after DPJ humiliation". The Asahi Shimbun. 17 December 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2014. - ^ Profile on his official website (jp). - ^ Asia One http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Asia/Story/A1Story20120421-341155.html April 21, 2012