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Изстрелът, чут по целия свят „Изстрелът, чут по целия свят“ (на английски: shot heard round the world) е израз, отнасящ се до няколко исторически инцидента, включително началото на Американската война за независимост през 1775 г. и убийството на австрийския ерцхерцог Франц Фердинанд през 1914 г. Схватка при Норт Бридж[редактиране | edit source] By the rude bridge that arched the flood, Their flag to April’s breeze unfurled, Here once the embattled farmers stood, And fired the shot heard round the world. Изразът е от първата строфа на "Concord Hymn" на Ралф Уолдо Емерсън (1837) и се отнася до първия изстрел на Американската война за независимост. Според стихотворението на Емерсън този съдбоносен изстрел се случва при Норт Бридж (Северен мост) в гр. Конкорд, Масачузетс, където падат първите британски войници, убити в битките при Лексингтън и Конкорд. По-рано са произведени изстрели в Лексингтън, Масачузетс, където загиват 8 американци и британски войник е леко ранен, но описанията на събитието са объркани и противоречиви. В схватката при Норт Бридж са: първите изстрели от американци по заповед и първият организиран залп от американци, първите британски убити и първото британско отстъпление. Убийство на Франц Фердинанд[редактиране | edit source] В Европа и Британската общност фразата „изстрелът, чут по целия свят“ се свързва с убийството на австрийския ерцхерцог Франц Фердинанд от сръбския терорист Гаврило Принцип в Сараево - събитието, станало непосредствена причина за Първата световна война. Принцип стреля 2 пъти, застрелвайки първо херцогиня Софи, а с втория изстрел и ерцхерцог Франц. Смъртта на ерцхерцога, наследник на австро-унгарския престол, предизвиква Австро-Унгария и останалата част от Европа да започнат Първата световна война.
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Concord Hymn "Concord Hymn" (original title was "Hymn: Sung at the Completion of the Concord Monument, April 19, 1836")[1][clarification needed] is a poem by Ralph Waldo Emerson written for the 1837 dedication of the Obelisk, a monument in Concord, Massachusetts commemorating the Battle of Concord, the second in a series of battles and skirmishes on April 19, 1775 at the outbreak of the American Revolution. Contents History[edit] In October 1834 Emerson went to live with his step-grandfather Ezra Ripley in Concord, at what was later named The Old Manse[2]—less than a hundred paces from the spot where the battle took place.[3] In 1835 he purchased a home on the Cambridge and Concord Turnpike[4] and quickly became one of Concord's leading citizens. That same year he was asked to give a public lecture commemorating the town's 200th anniversary.[5] The "Concord Hymn" was written at the request of the Battle Monument Committee. At Concord's Independence Day celebration on July 4, 1837 it was first read, then sung as a hymn by a local choir using the then-familiar tune "Old Hundredth".[6] The poem elevates the battle above a simple event, setting Concord as the spiritual center of the American nation,[7] and exalting a general spirit of revolution and freedom[8]— a spirit Emerson hoped would outlive those who fought in the battle.[9] One source of the hymn's power may be Emerson's personal ties to the subject: his grandfather William Emerson, Sr., witnessed the battle at the North Bridge while living at the Old Manse.[10] Emerson's poem was widely published in newspaper accounts of the dedication; in contrast there is no record of Congressman Samuel Hoar's speech that day.[11] In particular, Emerson's line "the shot heard 'round the world" is a fixture in the lore of the American Revolution,[citation needed] and the opening stanza is inscribed beneath the Daniel Chester French Minute Man statue dedicated (along with a replica of the Old North Bridge) at the 1875 commemoration of the original battle.[12] "Concord Hymn" established Emerson as a poet; he was previously known as a lecturer and essayist.[9] Emerson biographer Robert Richardson notes they[clarification needed] have since become the most famous lines he ever wrote.[13] Concord's centennial celebration of Emerson's birth in 1903 ended with a singing of the hymn. Text[edit] By the rude bridge that arched the flood, Their flag to April’s breeze unfurled, Here once the embattled farmers stood, And fired the shot heard round the world. The foe long since in silence slept; Alike the conqueror silent sleeps; And Time the ruined bridge has swept Down the dark stream which seaward creeps. On this green bank, by this soft stream, We set to-day a votive stone; That memory may their deed redeem, When, like our sires, our sons are gone. Spirit, that made those heroes dare, To die, and leave their children free, Bid Time and Nature gently spare The shaft we raise to them and thee. (Note: This version is from The Complete Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson (1904), edited by Edward Waldo Emerson, who noted, "From a copy of this hymn as first printed on slips for distribution among the Concord people at the celebration of the completion of the monument on the battle-ground, I note the differences from the poem here given as finally revised by Mr. Emerson in the Selected Poems.") References[edit] - ^ a b Buell, Lawrence. Emerson. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2003: 56. - ^ Richardson, Robert D. Jr. Emerson: The Mind on Fire. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1995: 182. - ^ York, Maurice and Rick Spaulding. Ralph Waldo Emerson: The Infinitude of the Private Man. Wrightwood Press, 2008: 74. - ^ Wilson, Susan. Literary Trail of Greater Boston. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000: 127. - ^ Richardson, Robert D. Jr. Emerson: The Mind on Fire. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1995: 206. - ^ York, Jake Adam. The Architecture of Address: The Monument and Public Speech in American Poetry. Psychology Press, 2005: 24. - ^ Field, Peter S. Ralph Waldo Emerson: The Making of a Democratic Intellectual. Rowman & Littlefield, 2003: 114. - ^ Buell, Lawrence. Emerson. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2003: 57. - ^ a b Wayne, Tiffany K. Encyclopedia of Transcendentalism: The Essential Guide to the Lives and Works of Transcendentalist Writers. New York: Facts on File, 2006: 58. - ^ Felton, R. Todd. A Journey into the Transcendentalists' New England. Berkeley, California: Roaring Forties Press, 2006: 58–59. - ^ York, Jake Adam. The Architecture of Address: The Monument and Public Speech in American Poetry. Psychology Press, 2005: 160. - ^ Wilson, Susan. Literary Trail of Greater Boston. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000: 147. - ^ Richardson, Robert D. Jr. Emerson: The Mind on Fire. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1995: 262. See also[edit] Concord Hymn PDF [1]