http___en.wikipedia.org_wiki_Internet_TV_2.xml
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Интернет телевизия Интернет телевизията (известна още като онлайн телевизия, но да не се бърка с IPTV или с уеб телевизията, която представлява кратки предавания или серии с продължителност от 2 до 9 минути, излизащи на сезони) е телевизионна услуга, разпространявана по Интернет. Някои интернет телевизии са наричани още „догонващи“ телевизии, тъй като излъчват дадено предаване в продължение на дни след излъчването му. Едни от най-популярните телевизии са RTÉ Player в Република Ирландия, Hulu и Revision3 в САЩ, ABC iView и Australia Live TV в Австралия , BBC iPlayer, 4oD, ITV Player (също STV Player и UTV Player) в Обединеното кралство, и др. [редактиране] Информация Интернет телевизията позволява на потребителите да избират съответна програма или телевизионно предаване, което искат да гледат, от архив с програми или от програмна директория. Двете форми на гледане на интернет телевизия са: стрийминг на съдържанието директно към медия плеър или просто изтегляне на програмата на компютъра на потребителя. [редактиране] Достъп Възможността за достъп до интернет телевизия е силно зависима от стрийминг скоростта. Това ограничава разпространението на услугата в много страни, тъй като в Европейския съюз например едва 25% от потребителите са имали достъп до високоскоростен интернет през 2010 г. [редактиране] Контрол Контролирането на съдържанието в Интернет е предизвикателство за повечето доставчици. За щастие вече почти всеки потребител може да блокира достъпа до дадена програма на компютъра си чрез метода "родителски контрол". Това става чрез въвеждане на парола за достъп. [редактиране] Финансиране С изключение на разходите за интернет услуги, повечето онлайн телевизионни канали и сайтове, са безплатни. Тези сайтове поддържат тази безплатна телевизионна политика чрез използването на реклами - кратки видео реклами или банери, които се появяват преди стартиране на излъчване на програмата. По този начин интернет телевизията се издържа, създава предпоставки за развитие, а в същото време е леснодостъпна и безплатна за обикновените потребители. [редактиране] В България В България има сайтове, които предлагат безплатен или платен достъп до всякакви програми и предавания - и български и чуждестранни. Най-популярните от тези сайтове са utv.bg, gledai.tv, E-Televizor, Enteratv и др. Има и телевизии като Ринг+ например, които на официалния си сайт дават възможност за гледане на определени предавания директно.
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Internet television Internet television (or online television) is the digital distribution of television content via the Internet. Internet television is a general term that covers the delivery of television shows and other video content over the Internet by video streaming technology, typically by major traditional television broadcasters. It does not describe a technology used to deliver content. Web television is a similar term often used to characterize short programs or videos created by a wide variety of companies and individuals, or Internet Protocol television (IPTV) – an emerging Internet technology standard for use by television broadcasters. Some Internet television is known as catch-up TV. Contents Wide usage[edit] Internet television is common in most US households as of 2014. About one in four new televisions being sold is now a smart TV.[1] Considering the vast popularity of smartphones and devices such as the Roku and Chrome TV, much of the US public can watch television via the internet. Internet-only channels are now established enough to feature some Emmy-nominated shows, such as Netflix's House of Cards.[2] Many networks also distribute their shows the next day to streaming providers such as Hulu[3] Some networks may use a proprietary system, such as the BBC utilizes their iPlayer format. This has resulted in bandwidth demand's increasing to the point of causing issues for some networks. It was reported in February 2014 that Verizon is having issues coping with the demand placed on their network infrastructure. Until long term bandwidth issues are worked out and regulation such at net neutrality Internet Televisions push to HDTV may start to hinder growth [4] Before 2006, most catch-up services used peer-to-peer (P2P) networking, in which users downloaded an application and data would be shared between the users rather than the service provider giving the now more commonly used streaming method. Now most service providers have moved away from the P2P systems and are now using the streaming media. The old P2P service was selected because the existing infrastructure could not handle the bandwidth necessary for centralized streaming distribution. Some consumers didn't like their upload bandwidth being consumed by their video player, which partially motivated the rollout of centralized streaming distribution.[5] Launched in March 2012 in New York City (and subsequently stopped from broadcasting in June 2014), Aereo streamed network TV only to New York customers over the Internet. Broadcasters filed lawsuits against Aereo, because Aereo captured broadcast signals and streamed the content to Aereo's customers without paying broadcasters. In mid-July 2012, a federal judge sided with the Aereo start-up. Aereo planned to expand to every major metropolitan area by the end of 2013.[6] The Supreme Court ruled against Aero June 24, 2014.[7] Market competitors[edit] Many providers of Internet television services exist including conventional television stations that have taken advantage of the Internet as a way to continue showing television shows after they have been broadcast often advertised as "on-demand" and "catch-up" services. Today, almost every major broadcaster around the world is operating an Internet television platform.[8] Examples include the BBC, which introduced the BBC iPlayer on 25 June 2008 as an extension to its "RadioPlayer" and already existing streamed video-clip content, and Channel 4 that launched 4oD ("4 on Demand") in November 2006 allowing users to watch recently shown content. Most Internet television services allow users to view content free of charge; however, some content is for a fee. Control[edit] Controlling content on the Internet presents a challenge for most providers; to try to ensure that a user is allowed to view content such as content with age certificates, providers use methods such as parental controls that allows restrictions to be placed upon the use and access of certificated material. The BBC iPlayer makes use of a parental control system giving parents the option to "lock" content, meaning that a password would have to be used to access it. Flagging systems can be used to warn a user that content may be certified or that it is intended for viewing post-watershed. Honor systems are also used where users are asked for their dates of birth or age to verify if they are able to view certain content. Archives[edit] An archive is a collection of information and media much like a library or interactive-storage facility. It is a necessity for an on-demand media service to maintain archives so that users can watch content that has already been aired on standard-broadcast television. However, these archives can vary from a few weeks to months to years, depending on the curator and the type of content. For example, the BBC iPlayer's shows are in general available for up to seven days after their original broadcast.[9] This so-called "seven-day catch-up" model seems to become an industry standard for Internet television services in many countries around the world.[10] However, some shows may only be available for shorter periods. Others, such as the BBC's Panorama, may be available for an extended period because of the show's documentary nature or its popularity. In contrast, 4oD, Channel 4's on-demand service[11] offers many of its television shows that were originally aired years ago. An example of this is the comedy The IT Crowd where users can view the full series on the Internet player. The same is true for other hit Channel 4 comedies such as The Inbetweeners and Black Books. The benefit of large archives, is that they bring in far more users who, in turn, watch more media, leading to a wider audience base and more advertising revenue. Large archives will also mean the user will spend more time on that website rather than a competitors, leading to starvation of demand for the competitors. Having an extensive archive, however, can bring problems along with benefits. Large archives are expensive to maintain, server farms and mass storage is needed along with ample bandwidth to transmit it all. Vast archives can be hard to catalogue and sort so that it is accessible to users. Broadcasting rights[edit] Broadcasting rights vary from country to country and even within provinces of countries. These rights govern the distribution of copyrighted content and media and allow the sole distribution of that content at any one time. An example of content only being aired in certain countries is BBC iPlayer. The BBC checks a user's IP address to make sure that only users located in the UK can stream content from the BBC. The BBC only allows free use of their product for users within the UK as those users have paid for a television license that funds part of the BBC. This IP address check is not foolproof as the user may be accessing the BBC website through a VPN or proxy server. Broadcasting rights can also be restricted to allowing a broadcaster rights to distribute that content for a limited time. Channel 4's online service 4oD can only stream shows created in the US by companies such as HBO for thirty days after they are aired on one of the Channel 4 group channels. This is to boost DVD sales for the companies who produce that media. Some companies pay very large amounts for broadcasting rights with sports and US sitcoms usually fetching the highest price from UK-based broadcasters. An increasing trend among major content producers in North America is the use of the TV Everywhere system. Especially for live content, the TV Everywhere system restricts viewership of a video feed to select Internet service providers, usually cable television companies that pay a retransmission consent or subscription fee to the content producer. This often has the negative effect of making the availability of content dependent upon the provider, with the consumer having little or no choice on whether they receive the product. Profits and costs[edit] With the advent of broadband internet Connections multiple streaming providers have come onto the market in the last couple of years. The main providers are Netflix, Hulu and Amazon. Some of these providers such as Hulu adverstise and charge a monthly fee. Other such as netflix and amazon charge a monthly fee and have no commercials. Netflix is the largest provider with over 43 million members and growing. The rise of internet TV has resulted in Cable Companies losing customer to a new kind of customer called "Cord Cutters" these cord cutters are forming communities and proving a solid alternative to cable and satellite television. Most of the cable cutters are younger and have opted to not sign up for traditional cable service. Technologies used for Internet television[edit] The Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV) consortium of industry companies (such as SES, Humax, Philips, and ANT Software) is currently promoting and establishing an open European standard (called HbbTV) for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of broadcast and broadband digital television and multimedia applications with a single-user interface.[12] Current providers of Internet television use various technologies to provide a service such as peer-to-peer (P2P) technologies, VoD systems, and live streaming. BBC iPlayer makes use of the Adobe Flash Player to provide streaming-video clips and other software provided by Adobe for its download service. CNBC, Bloomberg Television and Showtime use live-streaming services from BitGravity to stream live television to paid subscribers using a standard http protocol. DRM (digital rights management) software is also incorporated into many Internet television services. Sky Go has software that is provided by Microsoft to prevent content being copied. Internet television is also cross platform, the Sky Player service has been expanded to the Xbox 360 on October 27[when?] and to Windows Media Center and then to Windows 7 PCs on November 19[when?]. The BBC iPlayer is also available through Virgin Media's on-demand service and other platforms such as FetchTV and games consoles including the Wii and the PlayStation 3. Other Internet-television platforms include mobile platforms such as the iPhone and iPod Touch, Nokia N96, Sony Ericsson C905 and many other mobile devices.[13] Samsung TV has also announced their plans to provide streaming options including 3D Video on Demand through their Explore 3D service.[14] Stream quality[edit] Stream quality refers to the quality of the image and audio transferred from the servers of the distributor to the user's home screen. Higher-quality video such as video in high definition (720p+) requires higher bandwidth and faster connection speeds. The generally accepted kbit/s download rate needed to stream high-definition video that has been encoded with H.264 is 3500 kbit/s, whereas standard-definition television can range from 500 to 1500 kbit/s depending on the resolution on screen. In the UK, the BBC iPlayer deals with the largest amount of traffic yet it offers HD content along with SD content. As more people get broadband connections which can deal with streaming HD video over the Internet, the BBC iPlayer has tried to keep up with demand and pace. However, as streaming HD video takes around 1.5 gb of data per hour of video the BBC has had to invest a lot of money collected from License Fee payers to implement this on such a large scale.[15] For users which do not have the bandwidth to stream HD video or even high-SD video which requires 1500 kbit/s, the BBC iPlayer offers lower bitrate streams which in turn lead to lower video quality. This makes use of an adaptive bitrate stream so that if the user's bandwidth suddenly drops, iPlayer will lower its streaming rate to compensate. This diagnostic tool offered on the BBC iPlayer site measures a user's streaming capabilities and bandwidth for free.[16] Although competitors in the UK such as 4oD and Demand Five have not yet offered HD streaming, the technology to support it is fairly new and widespread HD streaming is not an impossibility. The availability of Channel 4 and Five content on YouTube is predicted to prove incredibly popular as series such as Skins, Green Wing, The X Factor and others become available in a simple, straightforward format on a website which already attracts millions of people every day. Overview of platforms and availability[edit] See also[edit] - Comparison of streaming media systems - Comparison between OTT and IPTV - Comparison of video services - Content delivery network - Digital television - Interactive television - Internet radio - Home theatre PC - List of free television software - List of Internet television providers - List of streaming media systems - Multicast - P2PTV - Protection of Broadcasts and Broadcasting Organizations Treaty - Push technology - Smart TV - Software as a service - Television network - Video advertising - Web-to-TV - Webcast - WPIX, Inc. v. ivi, Inc. - myTV References[edit] - ^ http://www.emarketer.com/Article/Connected-TVs-Reach-One-Four-Homes/1009581 - ^ http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/house-cards-season-2-sees-surge-viewers-netflix-article-1.1617972 - ^ http://www.hulu.com - ^ http://www.extremetech.com/computing/177073-why-netflix-streaming-is-getting-slower-and-probably-wont-get-better-any-time-soon - ^ iPlayer uncovered: What powers the BBC's epic creation?, 08/05/2009 CNet interview with iPlayer boss Anthony Rose, mostly on iPlayer 3.0 - ^ "Aereo Threatens Broadcasters By Streaming Network TV Online". - ^ Stelter, Brian (June 25, 2014). "Supreme Court rules against Aereo". CNNMoney. - ^ Internet television platforms around the world International TV Explorer - ^ BBC iPlayer Help BBC iPlayer - ^ International TV Explorer International Television Expert Group - ^ "Channel 4's home page for Channel 4 content on demand". Channel4.com. - ^ "New European Initiative Merges Television with the Power of the Internet" (Press release). HbbTV Consortium. - ^ "Info page detailing all platforms iPlayer works with". - ^ Samsung To Do 3D VOD Streaming, May 24, 2011 - ^ BBC iPlayer goes HD, adds higher quality streams, releases iPlayer Desktop out of Labs, BBC Internet Blog, 20/04/2009 - ^ "BBC web page which runs a diagnostic of Internet download speeds for streaming remotely". Bbc.co.uk. - ^ "BBC iPlayer – Apps op Android Market". Market.android.com. External links[edit] - IPTV future The Register 2006-05-05 - As Internet TV Aims at Niche Audiences, the Slivercast Is Born New York Times 2006-03-12 - TV's future stars will come from the webThe Guardian 2008-09-11 - Your top web TVThe Telegraph 2007-08-03 - Alternative to CableDump Your Cable Bill 2014-02-20 - Adult television channels - Children's interest channel / Children's television series - Documentary channel - Men's interest channel - Movie television channels - Music radio / Music television - Quiz channel - Shopping channel - News broadcasting - Women's interest channel