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Йодокус Хондиус Йодокус Хондиус (Йоссе де Хондт) (на латински: Jodocus Hondius, на нидерландски: Josse de Hondt) (14 октомври 1563 — 12 февруари 1612) е фламандски картограф и издател на карти и атласи. Биография[редактиране | редактиране на кода] Хондиус е роден в Дентергем и израства в Гент. Първоначално се утвърждава като гравьор и майстор на инструменти и глобуси. През 1584 г. се премества в Лондон, за да избегне религиозните гонения във Фландрия, свързани с 80-годишната война. Докато живее в Англия, Хондиус участва в публикуването на резултатите от околосветското пътешествие на Френсис Дрейк, извършено от 1577 до 1580 г. По-специално, Хондиус публикува през 1589 г. станалата известна карта на залива на Нови Албион, където Дрейк основава за кратко селище. Неговата карта е основана на корабните дневници и свидетелства на очевидци и дълго време разпалва спорове относно точното му местонахождение, което все още не е твърдо установено от историците. Предполага се също, че Хондиус е автор на няколко известни портрета на Дрейк в лондонската Национална портретна галерия. През 1593 г. той се премества в Амстердам, където живее до края на живота си. Заедно с Корнелиус Клас през 1604 г. купуват плаките за Атласа на Герардус Меркатор от неговия внук. Работата на Меркатор по това време остава в сянката на конкурентния атлас Theatrum Orbis Terrarum на Абрахам Ортелий. Хондиус преиздава работата на Меркатор, като я допълва с 36 карти, сред които няколко, изработени от него. Въпреки това за автор е посочен Меркатор, а Хондиус - само като издател. Това ново издание на атласа на Меркатор жъне голям успех и се разпродава в рамките на една година. По-късно Хондиус публикува второ издание, както и малък формат Atlas Minor. Тези карти стават известни като серия карти на Меркатор/Хондиус. Във френското издание на Atlas Minor за първи път се появява тематична карта (която изобразява елементите от определена тема със символи), наречена Designatio orbis christiani (1607) и показваща разпространението на основните религии.[1] Между 1605 и 1610 г. работи по поръчка на Джон Спийд и гравира плаките за неговата The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine. Умира на 48 г. в Амстердам. След неговата смърт издателската му работа продължават вдовицата и двамата му сина Йодокус II и Хенрикус и зет му Йоханес Янсениус, чието име се появява на атласа като съиздател след 1633 г.[2] Този атлас е издаден около 50 пъти на основните европейски езици, започвайки от 1606 г. Източници[редактиране | редактиране на кода] - ↑ Van der Dussen, Jan and Kevin Wilson. The History of the Idea of Europe. Routledge, 1995. с. 28. - ↑ Venezuela with the Southern Part of New Andalusia.
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Jodocus Hondius Jodocus Hondius (Latinized version of his Dutch name: Joost de Hondt) (14 October 1563 – 12 February 1612), sometimes called Jodocus Hondius the Elder to distinguish him from his son Jodocus Hondius II, was a Flemish / Dutch engraver, and cartographer. He is best known for his early maps of the New World and Europe, for re-establishing the reputation of the work of Gerard Mercator, and for his portraits of Francis Drake. He helped establish Amsterdam as the center of cartography in Europe in the 17th century. Contents Biography[edit] Hondius was born in Wakken and grew up in Ghent. In his early years he established himself as an engraver, instrument maker and globe maker. In 1584 he moved to London to escape religious difficulties in Flanders. While in England, Hondius was instrumental in publicizing the work of Francis Drake, who had made a circumnavigation of the world in the late 1570s. In particular, in 1589 Hondius produced a now famous map of the bay of New Albion, where Drake briefly established a settlement on the west coast of North America. Hondius' map was based on journal and eyewitness accounts of the trip and has long fueled speculation about the precise location of Drake's landing, which has not yet been firmly established by historians. Hondius is also thought to be the artist of several well-known portraits of Drake that are now in the National Portrait Gallery in London. In 1593 he moved to Amsterdam, where he remained until the end of his life. In co-operation with the Amsterdam publisher Cornelis Claesz. in 1604 he purchased the plates of Gerard Mercator's Atlas from Mercator's grandson. Mercator's work had languished in comparison to the rival Theatrum Orbis Terrarum by Ortelius. Hondius republished Mercator's work with 36 additional maps, including several which he himself had produced. Despite the addition of his own contributions, Hondius gave Mercator full credit as the author of the work, listing himself as the publisher. Hondius' new edition of Mercator's work was a great success, selling out after a year. Hondius later published a second edition, as well as a pocket version Atlas Minor. The maps have since become known as the "Mercator/Hondius series". In the French edition of the Atlas Minor we find one of the first instances of a thematic map using map symbols. This is a map entitled Designatio orbis christiani (1607) showing the dispersion of major religions.[1] Between 1605 and 1610 he was employed by John Speed to engrave the plates for Speed's The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine. Hondius died, aged 48, in Amsterdam. After his death, his publishing work in Amsterdam was continued by his widow, two sons, Jodocus II and Henricus, and son-in-law Johannes Janssonius, whose name appears on the Atlas as co-publisher after 1633.[2] Eventually, starting with the first 1606 edition in Latin, about 50 editions of the Atlas were released in the main European languages. In the Islamic world, the atlas was partially translated by the Turkish scholar Katip Çelebi. The series is sometimes called the "Mercator/Hondius/Janssonius" series because of Janssonius's later contributions. Links with Richard Norwood[edit] Hondius' Mappa Aestivarum Insularum, alias Barmudas dictarum ... (Amsterdam c. 1633) is a famous map of Bermuda. The ‘Sea Venture’ under Sir George Somers was wrecked off Bermuda in 1609 and the surviving Englishmen divided the island into Tribes (later Parishes) and Shares, which are individually listed with their owners at the foot of the map. Shortly afterwards the Bermudas were granted to the Virginia Company, hence various references to the Company on the map including the distance to the Roanoke Colony in Virginia. The miniature map with its own scale, top left, shows the island’s position relative to the Virginian coast. Hondius derived his map from Richard Norwood’s survey which was carried out in 1622 and published by John Speed in 1627. Unlike this entry, which has Hondius working from survey material ten years after he died, it remains one of the most accurate and decorative maps of the period Portrayal of Celestial Globe in Vermeer's 'The Astronomer'[edit] Scholars have argued that the celestial globe depicted in celebrated 17th century painter Johannes Vermeer's 1668 The Astronomer was based on a work by Hondius. It appears that Vermeer copied the design of a celestial globe offered for sale in 1618 in Amsterdam crafted by Hondius. The globe can be found in the Scheepvaartmuseum in Amsterdam. Honours[edit] Hondius Inlet in Antarctica is named after Jodocus Hondius. References[edit] - ^ Van der Dussen, Jan and Kevin Wilson (1995). The History of the Idea of Europe. Routledge. - ^ "Venezuela with the Southern Part of New Andalusia". World Digital Library. Literature[edit] - Peter van der Krogt (ed.): Koeman's atlantes Neerlandici, Vol. 1: The folio atlases published by Gerard Mercator, Jodocus Hondius, Henricus Hondius, Johannes Janssonius and their successors, ’t Goy-Houten 1997, ISBN 90-6194-268-3