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Ирод Архелай - Вижте пояснителната страница за други значения на Архелай. Ирод Архелай (на латински: Herodes Archelaos, Archelaus; * 23 пр.н.е.; † 18 г. сл.н.е.) е етнарх на Самария, Юдея, Идумея (библейски Едом) от 4 пр.н.е. до 6 г. сл.н.е. Архелай е най-големият син на Ирод Велики и неговата четвърта съпруга самаритянката Малтака. Брат е на Ирод Антипа и Олимпия (* 19 пр.н.е.). Полубрат е на Ирод II Заедно с брат си е възпитаван в Рим. Последното желание на баща му е той да стане крал на цялото царство. След смъртта на баща му през 4 пр.н.е., Архелай потушава брутално бунт на фарисеите и отива в Рим, за да му бъде призната титлата от император Август. Август му отказва обаче кралската титла и го назначава за етнарх на Юдея, Идумея и Самария. Архелай управлява народа си обаче тирански и невъздържано. След връщането му от Рим той сменя Joazar ben Boethos и назначава брат си Елеазар за Първосвещеник, след кратко време го сменя с Josua ben Sie и скоро след това отново с Joazar ben Boethos. Той прогонва първата си съпруга Мариамна (вероятно вдовицата на полубрат му Антипатър), за да се ожени за Глафира, съпругата на екзекутирания му брат Александър, въпреки че е още омъжена за Юба II (кралят на Мавретания). Женитбата с вдовица на брат е обаче забранена. Архелай получава годишно общо 600 таланта от данъци и от неговата собственост. През 6 г. сл.н.е. Архелай e обвинен от знатните евреи и самарити при Август, който чрез редовен съд го осъжда заради лошо управление, взема му титлата и собствеността и го заточава във Виен в Галия. Неговата Етнархия става римска провинция. Юдея се управлява след това от римския префект Копоний (6–9). Архелай живее в Галия от 6-18 г. За него няма повече сведения. В Новия Тестамент Ирод Архелай e споменат един път (Мат. 2, 22 ). Неговото започване на управление служи за датиране на връщането на Исус, Мария и Йосиф от Египет в Назарет. Източници[редактиране | edit source] - Йосиф Флавий, Antiquitates 17, 342–345, Book II, Chapter 7, The Wars of the Jews. Външни препратки[редактиране | edit source] - Jona Lendering, Herod Archelaus, livius.org
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Herod Archelaus Herod Archelaus (23 BC – c. 18 AD) was the ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea (biblical Edom) from 4 BC to 6 AD. He was the son of Herod the Great and Malthace the Samaritan, the brother of Herod Antipas, and the half-brother of Herod Philip I. Archelaus received the Tetrarchy of Judea by the last will of his father, though a previous will had bequeathed it to his brother Antipas. He was proclaimed king by the army, but declined to assume the title until he had submitted his claims to Caesar Augustus in Rome. Before setting out, he quelled with the utmost cruelty a sedition of the Pharisees, slaying nearly three thousand of them. In Rome he was opposed by Antipas and by many of the Jews, who feared his cruelty; but in 4 BC Augustus allotted to him the greater part of the kingdom (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea) with the title of ethnarch (not king) until 6 AD when Judaea province was formed, under direct Roman rule, at the time of the Census of Quirinius. The first wife of Archelaus is given by Josephus simply as Mariamne,[1] perhaps Mariamne III (Mariamne bint Aristobulus), whom he divorced to marry Glaphyra. She was the widow of Archelaus' brother Alexander, though her second husband, Juba, king of Mauretania, was alive. This violation of the Mosaic law along with Archelaus' continued cruelty roused the ire of the Jews, who complained to Augustus. Archelaus was deposed in the year 6 and banished to Vienne in Gaul; Samaria, Judea proper, and Idumea became the Roman province of Iudaea.[2] In the Bible, Archelaus is mentioned in the Gospel of Matthew. According to Matthew 2:13-23, Joseph, Mary and Jesus fled to Egypt to avoid the Massacre of the Innocents. When Herod the Great died, Joseph was told by an angel in a dream to return to Israel (presumably to Bethlehem). However, upon hearing that Archelaus had succeeded his father as ruler of Judaea he "was afraid to go thither" (Matthew 2:22), and was again notified in a dream to go to Galilee. This is Matthew's explanation of why Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea but grew up in Nazareth. The beginning and conclusion of Christ's Parable of the minas in the Gospel of Luke may refer to Archelaus's journey to Rome. Some interpreters conclude from this that Jesus' parables and preaching made use of events familiar to the people as examples for bringing his spiritual lessons to life. Others read the allusion as arising from later adaptation of Jesus' parable in the oral tradition, before the parables were recorded in the gospels. "A nobleman went into a far country to receive for himself a kingdom and then return… But his citizens hated him and sent a delegation after him, saying, 'We do not want this man to reign over us.'… 'But as for these enemies of mine,' [said the nobleman] 'who did not want me to reign over them, bring them here and slaughter them before me.'" [edit] References - ^ Josephus (1998) [c. "The History Of The Spurious Alexander. Archelaus Is Banished And Glaphyra Dies, After What Was To Happen To Both Of Them Had Been Showed Them In Dreams". The Wars of the Jews. Matt Curtin. http://www.interhack.net/projects/library/wars-jews/b2c7.html. - ^ H.H. Ben-Sasson, A History of the Jewish People, Harvard University Press, 1976, ISBN 0-674-39731-2, page 246: "When Archelaus was deposed from the ethnarchy in 6 CE, Judea proper, Samaria and Idumea were converted into a Roman province under the name Iudaea." This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. "article name needed". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne. [edit] External links - Resources > Second Temple and Talmudic Era > Herod and the Herodian Dynasty: The Jewish History Resource Center - Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem - King Herod Archelaus - Jewish Encyclopedia: Archelaus