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Казахстанско тенге Тенге (казахски теңге) е паричната единица на Казахстан. Валутният код ISO 4217 е KZT. Едно тенге се разделя на 100 тийна и е въведено в употреба през ноември 1993, за да замени използваната дотогава руска рубла. Казахстан е една от последните страни от бившите Съветски републики, която въвежда собствена валута. Името на паричната единица произлиза от думата тенге, което на казахски и на повечето тюркски езици означава везни, теглилка. Произходът на думата е китайски и преминава в тюркските езици през монголски. Руската дума деньги (пари) има същия произход и е заемка от тюркските езици 1000 tenge commemorative banknote for 2010 year - the Chairmanship of Kazakhstan in OSCE
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Kazakhstani tenge The tenge (Kazakh: Teңre, teñge) is the currency of Kazakhstan. It is divided into 100 tïın (TиыH, also transliterated as tiyin or tijn). It was introduced on 15 November 1993 to replace the Soviet ruble at a rate of 1 tenge = 500 rubles. The ISO-4217 code is KZT. The word tenge in the Kazakh and most other Turkic languages means a set of scales (cf the old Uzbek tenga or the Tajik borrowed term tanga). The origin of the word is the Turkic teğ- which means being equal, balance. The name of this currency is thus similar to the lira, pound and peso. The name of the currency is related to the Russian word for money Russian: дeHbrи / den'gi, which was borrowed from Turkic. [edit] History Kazakhstan was one of the last countries of the CIS to introduce a national currency. In 1991 a "special group" of designers was created: Mendybay Alin, Timur Suleymenov, Asimsaly Duzelkhanov and Khayrulla Gabzhalilov. On November 12, 1993, a decree of the President of Kazakhstan, "About introducing national currency of Republic of Kazakhstan", was issued. On November 15, 1993, the tenge was brought into circulation. As such, November 15 is celebrated as the "Day of National Currency of Republic of Kazakhstan". In 1995, a tenge printing factory was opened in Kazakhstan. The first consignment of tenge was printed abroad, in the U.K.. The first coins were minted in Germany. On March 20, 2007 two days before the Nauryz holiday, the National Bank of Kazakhstan approved a graphical symbol for the Tenge: . The character was proposed for encoding in Unicode in 2008. In autumn 2006, the National Bank of Kazakhstan organized a competition for the image of Kazakhstan Tenge and received over 30 000 applications. On March 29, 2007, the National Bank of Kazakhstan announced tandem of two designers from Almaty, Vadim Davydenko and Sanzhar Amirkhanov, as winners for the creation of symbol of Kazakhstan Tenge. They shared a prize of 1 million tenge and a title of parents of Kazakhstan Tenge symbol.[1]. It resembles the Japanese postal mark. [edit] Coins In 1993, the first series of coins were introduced in denominations of 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 tiyin featuring the national arms and were struck in bronze. 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 tenge were struck in cupro-nickel and depicted stylized and mythical animals. The coins of this period circulated alongside tiyin and low denomination tenge notes of equal value. In 1995, a new series of coins was introduced, which excluded the tiyin having 1 tenge being the smallest denomination. 50 tenge were later introduced in 1997, followed by 100 tenge in 2002 replacing the equivalent notes. An irregular 2 tenge coin was also introduced later in 2005. Coins currently in circulation are: - 1 tenge (Brass) - 2 tenge (Brass) - 5 tenge (Brass) - 10 tenge (Brass) - 20 tenge (Copper-Nickel) - 50 tenge (Copper-Nickel) - 100 tenge (Bimetallic, Brass and Copper-Nickel) Commemorative coins are issued in denominations of 20, 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 2,500, 5,000 and 10,000 tenge. Silver and gold bullion coins exist in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 tenge. Many of the 20 and 50 tenge commemoratives are also struck in cupro-nickel and occasionally make it out into general circulation as a side coinage with face value. While older coins were struck in Germany, current coins are struck domestically, by the Kazakhstan Mint in Ust-Kamenogorsk. [edit] Banknotes [edit] 1993 series On 15 November 1993, the National Bank of Kazakhstan issued notes in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 tiyn, 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 50 tenge; 100 tenge notes followed shortly thereafter. These were followed in 1994 by 200, 500, and 1,000 tenge notes. 2,000 tenge notes were introduced in 1996, with 5,000 tenge in 1999 and 10,000 tenge on 28 July 2003.[1] Notes currently in circulation are: - 200 tenge portrait of Al-Farabi - 500 tenge portrait of Al-Farabi, fragment of Khodzha Akhmet Yassaui mausoleum - 1,000 tenge portrait of Al-Farabi - 2,000 tenge portrait of Al-Farabi - 5,000 tenge portrait of Al-Farabi - 10,000 tenge portrait of Al-Farabi, image of snow leopard. Interestingly, the text on the reverse side of 200 tenge banknote is written in Kazakh, although text on the reverse sides of the other banknotes is written in Russian. [edit] 2006 series The National Bank of Kazakhstan issued banknotes of new series in 2006. They have the same values as the previously existed ones. The 2006 series is far more exotic than its predecessors. The obverse is vertical and the denomination is written in Kazakh. All denominations depict the Astana Bayterek monument, the flag of Kazakhstan, the Coat of arms, the handprint with a signature of president Nazarbayev and fragments of the national anthem. The main differences across each denomination are only the colours, the values, the underprint patterns. On the contrast, the reverses are more differentiated. The value is written in Russian. Each denomination shows a unique building and geography of Kazakhstan in the outline of Kazakhstan border. The first printing of the 2,000 and 5,000 tenge notes issued in 2006 had misspellings of the word for "bank" (the correct spelling "бaHki" was misspelled "бaHқi"). The misspelling was a politically sensitive issue due to the cultural and political importance of the Kazakh language.[3] [edit] new series with security features 2008 Since 2008, a number of commemorative designs have been issued, including notes celebrating the 2011 Asian Winter Games hosted in Astana. Commemoratives can typically be found in these denominations: 1000 Tenge 2000 Tenge 5000 Tenge 10000 Tenge [edit] Commemorative banknotes 5,000 tenge issued banknote in 2001 to commemorate the 10th anniversary of independence from the Soviet Union. 5,000 tenge banknote issued in 2008 to commemorate 15 years of the Kazakhstani tenge. 1,000 tenge banknote issued in 2010 to commemorate the Chairmanship of Kazakhstan in the OSCE. 1,000 tenge banknote issued in 2011 to commemorate Kazakhstan's chairmanship in the Organisation of the Islamic Conference. 2,000 tenge banknote issued in 2011 to commemorate the 7th Asian Winter Games in Astana. 10,000 tenge banknote issued in 2011 to commemorate the 20th anniversary of independence from the Soviet Union. [edit] Inflation level [edit] Exchange rate [edit] See also [edit] References - ^ Linzmayer, Owen (2012). "Kazakhstan". The Banknote Book. San Francisco, CA: www.BanknoteNews.com. http://www.banknotebook.com. - ^ http://www.odk.kz/blog/3722.html - ^ Kazakh central bank misspells ‘bank’ on money - ^ The National Bank of Kazakhstan. "Price Indices Data". http://nationalbank.kz/index.cfm?docid=170. Retrieved 20 February 2012. - ^ The National Bank of Kazakhstan. "Official Foreign Exchange Rates on average for the period". http://nationalbank.kz/?docid=364. Retrieved 20 February 2012. [edit] External links - Currency exchange rates in Kazakhstan - News from the National Bank of Kazakhstan - Updates on new banknotes and coins from Kazakhstan - Coins of Kazakhstan - Banknotes of Kazakhstan - Abkhazian apsar (unrecognized) - Armenian dram - Azerbaijani manat - Belarusian ruble - Euro (Estonia) - Georgian lari - Kazakhstani tenge - Kyrgyzstani som - Latvian lats - Lithuanian litas - Moldovan leu - Nagorno-Karabakh dram (unrecognized) - Russian ruble (Russia and Abkhazia (unrecognized) and South Ossetia (unrecognized)) - Tajikistani somoni - Transnistrian ruble (unrecognized) - Turkmenistan manat - Ukrainian hryvnia - Uzbekistani som