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Казахска съветска социалистическа република Казахската съветска социалистическа република е една от републиките, влизащи в състава на СССР. Днес е суверенна държава - Република Казахстан. [редактиране] История Първоначално е образувана като Киргизка АССР в състава на РСФСР на 26 август 1920. Переименувана е през април 1925 в Казахска АССР. В резултат на национално-държавното обособяване в Средна Азия през 1924-1925 всички казахски земи се обединяват. Старите губернии са премахнати през 1928 и на тяхно място територията е разделена на окръзи. През март 1930 година от Казахска АССР е отделена Каракалпакстан. На 5 декември 1936 АССР е преобразувана в съюзна република. Казахската ССР е втората по големина след Руската СФСР с площ 2 717 300 хил. км2. Населението на съветската република е било 13 470 000 души. Столица на съветската република пъроначално е град Къзъл Орда, впоследствие Алма Ата. През 10 декември 1991 Казахска ССР е преименувана на Република Казахстан и няколко дни по-късно става независима.
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Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic The Kazak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (Russian: Kaзakckaя ABToHoMHaя CoциaлиcTичeckaя CoBeTckaя Pecпyблиka Kazakskaja Avtonomnaja Socialističeskaja Sovetskaja Respublika;[a] Kazakh: Қaзaқ ABToHoMиялық CoциaлиcTik CoBeTTik Pecпyблиkacы;[b] Kazakh Uniform Turkic Alphabet: Qazaq Aptonom Sotsijalistik Sovettik Respublikasb[c]) was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) existing from 1925 until 1936. Contents History[edit] The Kazak ASSR was originally created as the Kirghiz ASSR (not to be confused with Kirghiz ASSR of 1926–1936, a Central Asian territory which is now the independent state of Kyrgyzstan) on 26 August 1920, and was a part of the RSFSR. Before the Russian Revolution, Kazakhs in Russia were known as "Kirghiz-Kazaks" or simply "Kirghiz" (and the Kyrgyzes as "Kara-Kirghiz").[2] This practice continued into the early Soviet period, and thus the Kirghiz ASSR was a national republic for Kazakhs. However, on 15–19 June 1925 the Fifth Kazakh Council of Soviets decided to rename the republic the Kazak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic. The capital of the former Kirghiz ASSR, Ak-Mechet, was retained as the seat of the Kazak ASSR but was renamed Kzyl-Orda, from the Kazakh "red centre".[1] In 1927[1] or 1929[3][d] the city of Alma-Ata was designated as the new capital of the ASSR. In February 1930, there was an anti-Soviet insurgency in the village of Sozak.[4] On 5 December 1936, the ASSR was detached from the RSFSR and made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, a full union republic of the Soviet Union.[1] Geography[edit] The Kazak ASSR that succeeded the recently expanded Kirghiz ASSR included all of the territory making up the present-day Republic of Kazakhstan plus parts of Uzbekistan (the Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast), Turkmenistan (the north shore of Kara-Bogaz-Gol) and Russia (parts of what would become Orenburg Oblast). These territories were transferred from the Kazak ASSR over the following decade. The administrative subdivisions of the ASSR changed several times in its history. In 1928 the guberniyas, administrative districts inherited from the Kirghiz ASSR were eliminated and replaced with 13 okrugs and raions. In 1932, the republic was divided into six new larger oblasts. These included: - Aktyubinsk Oblast (capital: Aktyubinsk); - Alma-Ata (capital: Alma-Ata); - East Kazak Oblast (capital: Semipalatinsk); - Karaganda Oblast (capital: Petropavlovsk); - South Kazak Oblast (capital: Chimkent); - West Kazak Oblast (capital: Uralsk). On 31 January 1935, yet another territorial division was implemented which included the six oblasts listed above plus a new Karkaralinsk okrug.[5] Notes[edit] - ^ The Russian name of the republic used the spelling Kaзak, i.e. Kazak, rather than Kaзax (Kazakh) which was used for later polities such as the KSSR. The spelling was changed to Kaзax (Kazakh) in February 1936.[1] The short form of the republic's name in Russian was KaзakcTaH (Kazakstan) - ^ This modern Cyrillic Kazakh-language form of the republic's name was not used during the existence of the republic. The short form of this name in the Kazakh Cyrillic alphabet is ҚaзaқcTaH (Qazaqstan), the same as name of the current Republic of Kazakhstan. - ^ The Kazakh language used the Uniform Turkic Alphabet in the Soviet Union from 1927 until 1940. The short form of the republic's name in this alphabet was Qazaƣbstan. - ^ Sources differ on the year. References[edit] - ^ a b c d Grigol Ubiria. Soviet Nation-Building in Central Asia: The Making of the Kazakh and Uzbek Nations. Routledge, 2015. - ^ The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica: "Kirghiz" (scanned version) - ^ Vladimir Babak, et al., eds. Political Organization in Central Asia and Azerbijan: Sources and Documents. Routledge, 2004. - ^ Niccolò Pianciola; Paolo Sartori (2013). "Interpreting an insurgency in Soviet Kazakhstan : the OGPU, Islam and Qazaq 'Clans' in Suzak, 1930". Islam, Society and States Across the Qazaq Steppe: 297–340. - ^ ПocTaHoBлeHиe BЦИK oT 31.01.1935 «O HoBoM aдMиHиcTpaTиBHo-TeppиTopиaлbHoM дeлeHии Kaзakckoй ACCP». (Russian)