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Карело-финска съветска социалистическа република Карело-финската съветска социалистическа република е република в състава на Съюза на съветските социалистически републики от 1940 до 1956 г. През 1956 г. е преобразувана в Карелска автономна съветска социалистическа република. [редактиране] История Във връзка с плановете на съветското ръководство да включи в състава на СССР и Финландия - последната от неприсъединените територии, спадащи към съветската сфера на влияние съгласно съветско-германските договори от 1939 г. (както и пакта Рибентроп-Молотов) и въпреки несъответствията с негласните стандарти, необходими за образуване на съюзна република (численост на населението и някои други параметри), Автономната карелска съветска социалистическа република (от състава на РСФСР) е преобразувана в Карело-финска ССР. Съветският замисъл е Карело-финската ССР да стане пълноценна 16-та република на СССР на териториите на Карелия и Финландия след присъединението на последната в резултат на планираната победоносна война. На 1 декември 1939 г. е провъзгласено новото промосковско т.н. народно правителство на Финландия от финландски комунисти начело с Ото Куусинен, което е трябвало да влезе във Финландия „на щиковете“ на Червената армия и, следвайки прибалтийския сценарий, да обяви присъединяването ѝ към СССР. Започнатата от СССР съветско-финландска война (30 ноември 1939 - 12 март 1940), известна като Зимната война, приключва само с разгрома на Финландия, по причини на изострената международна политика, големите загуби и деморализацията на Червената армия. В резултат на Зимната война към СССР е присъединен Карелският провлак и други територии. Въпреки неуспеха на Зимната война и провалянето на първоначалния план за присъединяване на Финландия към СССР съветското ръководство не се отказва от осъществяването му в близкото бъдеще. За тази цел веднага след войната, на 31 март 1940 г., е образувана Карело-финската ССР начело с Ото Куусинен. През 1956 г. е преобразувана в Карелска автономна съветска социалистическа република.
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Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (Karelo-Finnish SSR; Finnish: Karjalais-suomalainen sosialistinen neuvostotasavalta (help·info); Russian: Kapéлo-Фи́Hckaя CoBéTckaя CoциaлиcTи́чeckaя Pecпýблиka, tr. Karelo-Finskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), also called Soviet Karelia or simply known as Karelia was a republic of the Soviet Union. It existed from 1940 until it was made part of the Russian SFSR in 1956 as the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (which became the Republic of Karelia, a federal subject of Russia, on November 13, 1991). Contents History[edit] The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic was set up on March 31, 1940 by merging the KASSR with the Finnish Democratic Republic (created in territory ceded by Finland in the Winter War by the Moscow Peace Treaty, namely the Karelian Isthmus and Ladoga Karelia, including the cities of Viipuri and Sortavala). The entire Karelian population of the ceded areas, about 422,000 people, was evacuated to Finland, and the territories were settled by people from other parts of the Soviet Union. Creating a new Republic of the Union for an ethnic group that neither was large in absolute terms, nor constituted anything close to a majority in its territory, nor had been a separate independent nation prior to its incorporation into the USSR, was unprecedented in the history of the USSR. Some later historians explained the elevation of Soviet Karelia from an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (within the RSFSR) to an SSR by political reasons, as a "convenient means for facilitating the possible incorporation of additional Finnish territory" (or, possibly, the whole of Finland) into the USSR.[1][2][3] In the ensuing Continuation War, Finland re-annexed the territory that it had lost in 1940 and occupied most of the Karelian lands that had been within the USSR prior to 1940, including the capital Petrozavodsk (Petroskoi).[3] In 1944, the Soviet Union recaptured the area. Soviet sovereignty was recognized by Finland in the Moscow Armistice and Paris Peace Treaty. The Finnish Karelians were evacuated to Finland again. In September 1944, the Karelian Isthmus with Vyborg (Viipuri) was transferred from the Karelo-Finnish SSR to the Leningrad Oblast of the RSFSR, but Ladoga Karelia remained a part of the republic. On July 16, 1956, the republic was incorporated into the Russian SFSR as the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. This move can perhaps be explained in the context of the general post-war improvement of Finno-Soviet relations,[1] which also included such steps as the Soviets' return of the Porkkala Naval Base leased territory to full Finnish sovereignty (January 1956), and leasing Maly Vysotsky Island and the Soviet section of the Saimaa Canal (conquered by the USSR in 1940 and 1944) back to Finland (1963). The abolition of the Karelian SSR in 1956 was the only case in the history of the USSR (1922–1991) of merging a member republic of the USSR into another republic. In the waning days of the USSR, the Karelian ASSR became the Republic of Karelia, a subdivision of the Russian Federation, on November 13, 1991. Politics[edit] The chairman of the Karelo-Finnish Supreme Soviet (1940–1956) was Finnish communist Otto Ville Kuusinen. In the republic there was also a separate Karelo-Finnish Communist Party led in the 1940s by G.N. Kupriyanov. Yuri Andropov served for some years as the first secretary of the republic's Komsomol branch, the Leninist Communist Youth League of the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic. Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet[4][edit] Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet[edit] Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars (after 1946: Chairmen of the Council of Ministers)[edit] See also[edit] - Winter War - Karelia - Karelia (historical province of Finland) - Karelian question in Finnish politics - Republics of the Soviet Union - First Secretary of the Karelian Communist Party References[edit] - ^ a b Helin, Ronald Arthur (1961). Economic-geographic Reorientation in Western Finnish Karelia: A Result of the Finno-Soviet Boundary Demarcations of 1940 and 1944. National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council. - ^ "Memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev". Edited by Sergeĭ Khrushchev. Published by Penn State Press, 2007. Page 871 (biographic note on O. Kuusinen). On Google Books - ^ a b Taagepera, Rein (1999). The Finno-Ugric Republics and the Russian State. Hurst & Co. Publishers. - ^ http://knowbysight/1_KAREL/03476.asp - Former countries in Europe - Former countries in Asia - States and territories established in 1940 - States and territories disestablished in 1956 - 20th century in Finland - Early Soviet republics - Former socialist republics - Winter War - Republic of Karelia - Eastern Bloc - 1940 establishments in the Soviet Union - Republics of the Soviet Union - 1956 disestablishments in the Soviet Union