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Йохан Кристиан Бах Йохан Кристиан Бах (на немски: Johann Christian Bach, 5 септември 1735 – 1 януари 1782) е музикант и композитор от епохата Класицизъм, единадесетият и най-малък син на Йохан Себастиан Бах. Той бил наричан "Лондонският Бах" или "Английският Бах", тъй като прекарал значителна част от живота си там. Той бил запомнен с това, че е имал голямо влияние върху стила на Моцарт. Кратка биография[редактиране | редактиране на кода] Йохан Кристиан Бах е син на Йохан Себастиан Бах и Ана Магдалена Бах, роден на 5 септември 1735 г. в Лайпциг, Германия. Неговият баща бил вече 50 годишен по време на раждането му, което може да обясни и големите разлики между музикалните стилове на двамата. Въпреки това, той получил музикалното си образование от баща си до момента на неговата смърт, когато бил на 15 години. Кариерата на Йохан Кристиан започнала обещаващо, първоначално композирайки и изпълнявайки с известния изпълнител на виола да гамба Карл Фридрих Абел (Carl Friedrich Abel). Той композирал кантати, камерна музика, клавирни и оркестрови творби, опери и симфонии. За дълго композиторът живял в Италия, от началото на 1756, първоначално учейки при Падре Мартини (Padre Martini) в Болоня, а по-късно при Джовани Батиста Самартини (Giovanni Battista Sammartini). Той започнал, като органист в Миланската катедрала през 1760. По това време той преминал от изповядването на лутеранство към католицизъм. През 1762, Бах пътува за Лондон за премиерата на своя опера в Кралският театър, поставяйки Orione на 19 февруари 1763. Това му спечелило репутация в Англия, поради което той бил нает като музикален учител от кралица Шарлота. През 1766 той среща сопраното Сесилия Граси (Cecilia Grassi) и не след дълго се жени за нея. Въпреки, че тя била с 11 години по-млада, те нямали деца. Йохан Кристиан Бах умира в Лондон навръх Нова година през 1782. Произведения[редактиране | редактиране на кода] Виж Пълен списък на произведенията на Йохан Кристиан Бах
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Johann Christian Bach Johann Christian Bach (September 5, 1735 – January 1, 1782) was a composer of the Classical era, the eleventh child and youngest son of Johann Sebastian Bach. He is sometimes referred to as "the London Bach" or "the English Bach", due to his time spent living in the British capital, where he came to be known as John Bach.[1] He is noted for influencing the concerto style of Mozart. Contents Life[edit] Johann Christian Bach was born to Johann Sebastian and Anna Magdalena Bach in Leipzig, Germany. His distinguished father was already 50 at the time of his birth, which would perhaps contribute to the sharp differences between his music and that of his father. Even so, his father first instructed him in music and that instruction continued until his death. After his father's death, when Johann Christian was 15, he worked with his second-oldest half brother Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, who was twenty-one years his senior and considered at the time to be the most musically gifted of Bach's sons. He enjoyed a promising career, first as a composer then as a performer playing alongside Carl Friedrich Abel, the notable player of the viola da gamba. He composed cantatas, chamber music, keyboard and orchestral works, operas and symphonies. Bach lived in Italy for many years starting in 1756, studying with Padre Martini in Bologna. He became organist at the Milan cathedral in 1760. During his time in Italy, he converted from Lutheranism to Catholicism. In 1762, Bach travelled to London to première three operas at the King's Theatre, including Orione on 19 February 1763. That established his reputation in England, and he became music master to Queen Charlotte. He met soprano Cecilia Grassi in 1766 and married her shortly thereafter. She was his junior by eleven years. They had no children. By the late 1770s, his music was no longer popular and his fortunes declined. His steward had embezzled almost all his wealth and Bach died in considerable debt in London on New Year's Day, 1782.[2] Queen Charlotte covered the expenses of the estate and provided a life pension for Bach's widow. He was buried in the graveyard of St. Pancras Old Church, London.[1] Contrasting styles of J. S. Bach and J. C. Bach[edit] Johann Christian Bach's father died when Johann Christian was only fifteen. This is perhaps one reason why it is difficult to find points of similarity between the music of Johann Sebastian Bach and that of Johann Christian. By contrast, the piano sonatas of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, Johann Christian's much older half brother, tend to invoke certain elements of his father at times, especially with regard to the use of counterpoint. (C.P.E. was 36 at the time J.S. died.) Johann Christian's highly melodic style differentiates his works from those of his family. He composed in the Galante style incorporating balanced phrases, emphasis on melody and accompaniment, without too much contrapuntal complexity. The Galante movement opposed the intricate lines of Baroque music, and instead placed importance on fluid melodies in periodic phrases. It preceded the classical style, which fused the Galante aesthetics with a renewed interest in counterpoint. The symphonies in the Work List for J. C. Bach in the New Grove Bach Family listed ninety-one works. A little more than half of these, 48 works, are considered authentic, while the remaining 43 are doubtful.[citation needed] Legacy[edit] A full account of J. C. Bach’s career is given in the fourth volume of Charles Burney's History of Music. There are two others named Johann Christian Bach in the Bach family tree, but neither was a composer. Mozart esteemed J. C. Bach's music highly and arranged three sonatas from the latter's Op. 5 into keyboard concertos. Works[edit] References[edit] Notes - ^ Eric Siblin The Cello Suites: J. S. Bach, Pablo Casals, and the Search for a ... 2011, p. 234. "Known as the 'London Bach', he travelled to Italy, converted to Roman Catholicism, and enjoyed celebrity status in England, going by the name John Bach. Only fourteen years old when Bach died, Johann Christian apparently occupied a ..." - ^ Stephenson, Joseph. Johann Christian Bach at AllMusic - This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Sources - Hans T. David, A. Mendel, C. Wolff. The New Bach Reader: A Life of Johann Sebastian Bach in Letters and Documents (NY: Norton, 1998). - Heinz Gärtner (trans. by Reinhard Pauly). John Christian Bach: Mozart's Friend and Mentor. (Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press, 1994). - Philipp Spitta (trans. by Clara Bell & J. A. Fuller-Maitland). Johann Sebastian Bach, his work and influence on the music of Germany, 1685–1750, 3 vols. (London: Novello & Co., 1899): Vol I, Vol II, Vol III - Charles Sanford Terry. John Christian Bach (London: Oxford University Press, 1967). - Christoph Wolff et al. The New Grove Bach Family. (NY: Norton, 1983) pp. 315ff. - Percy M. Young. The Bachs: 1500–1850 (London: J.M. Dent & Sons, Ltd., 1970). External links[edit] - Information - J C Bach (classical.net) - J C Bach (classicalarchives.com) - J C Bach (pianosociety.com) - Article: "Gainsborough and Music" by Brian Robins - Music - Free scores by Johann Christian Bach at the International Music Score Library Project - Piano sonatas Op. 17, 1–6 on YouTube - Concerto in D major, Op. 13, No. 2, 1st movement on YouTube - Quartet in B-flat major on YouTube - Flute sonatas, W. B 10–15, 1780 edition (From the Sibley Music Library Digital Scores Collection) - German classical composers - Classical-period composers - Bach family - Opera composers - Converts to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism - German Roman Catholics - 1735 births - 1782 deaths - 18th-century German people - German expatriates in England - Burials at St Pancras Old Church - 18th-century classical composers - Pupils of Johann Sebastian Bach