http___en.wikipedia.org_wiki_Max_Planck_Institute_for_Astrophysics.xml
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Институти Макс Планк Дружеството за научни изследвания „Макс Планк“, или накратко Дружество Макс Планк, или Институти Макс Планк, или просто Макс Планк, (на немски: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften Eingetragener Verein, съкр. MPG) е германска независима нестопанска организация обединяваща изследователски институти, финансирани от федералното и държавно управление в Германия. Седалището на организацията е в Мюнхен. Около 80 изследователски института на дружество „Макс Планк“ извършват научни изследвания от обществен интерес в областта на естествените, обществените и социални науки, изкуствата и хуманитаристиката. В тези институти са заети над 13 000 души на постоянен щат, включително 4 700 учени, плюс 11 000 нещатни и гостуващи учени . История[редактиране | редактиране на кода] Организацията е учредена през 1911 г. като Дружество „Кайзер Вилхелм“ (Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft, KWG). През 1948 г. дружеството се преименува по името на своя предходен директор (1930-37) Макс Планк на Дружество „Макс Планк“ (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, MPG). Източници[редактиране | редактиране на кода] - Големи научни организации в Германия, посолство на Германия в България Външни препратки[редактиране | редактиране на кода] - ((de)) Официален сайт - ((en)) Официален сайт - на английски
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Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics The Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics (MPA) is a research institute located in Garching, just north of Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It is one of many scientific research institutes belonging to the Max Planck Society. The MPA is widely considered to be one of the leading institutions in the world for theoretical astrophysics research. According to Thomson Reuters, from 1999-2009 the Max Planck Society as a whole published more papers and accumulated more citations in the fields of physics and space science than any other research organization in the world.[1] Contents History[edit] The Max Planck Society was founded on 26 February 1948. It effectively replaced the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science, which was dissolved after World War II. The society is named after Max Planck, one of the founders of the quantum theory. The MPA was founded as Max Planck Institute for Physics and Astrophysics in 1958 and split into the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics and the Max Planck Institute for Physics in 1991. In 1995, the numerical relativity group moved to the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics. Organization[edit] The MPA is one of several Max Planck Institutes that specialize in astronomy and astrophysics. Others are the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Garching (located next-door to the MPA), the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Heidelberg, the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, and the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (a.k.a. Albert Einstein Institute) in Golm. The institute is located next-door to the MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, as well as the headquarters of the European Southern Observatory. It also enjoys close working relationships with the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and Technical University Munich. At any given time, the institute employs approximately 50 scientists, instructs over 30 PhD students, and hosts about 20 visiting scientists (some 60 visitors stay for longer than 2 weeks in any given year). As of 2012, the four directors of the MPA are Guinevere Kauffmann, Eiichiro Komatsu, Rashid Sunyaev and Simon White. Science[edit] Focusing on theoretical investigations, the MPA covers a wide range of topics in astrophysics. These include: - Cosmology, in particular galaxy formation and evolution, reionization, and the cosmic microwave background; - High-energy astronomy and astrophysics, including supermassive black holes, galaxy clusters, active galactic nuclei and quasars, X-ray binaries, and accretion discs; - Stellar physics, including stellar evolution and stellar explosions such as supernovae and gamma-ray bursts. Public Outreach[edit] The MPA works to explain astrophysical concepts and disseminate its findings to the public. These activities include popular science articles written by MPA scientists, events hosting school groups, events open to the general public, and monthly research highlights written for a general audience. Graduate Program[edit] The International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Astrophysics is a graduate program offering a PhD in astrophysics. The school is a cooperation with the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich and Technical University Munich. External links[edit] - Homepage of the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics - Homepage of the International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Astrophysics References[edit]