http___en.wikipedia.org_wiki_Yma_Sumac_3.xml
1.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4.1 4.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 6.1 7.1 8.1 9.1 10.1 11.1 12.1 13.1 14.1 15.1 16.1 17.1 18.1
Има Сумак Има Сумак (на испански Yma Sumac, Imma Sumack, Ymma Sumack, Ima Sumack) е легендарна перуанска певица, родена на 13 септември 1922 в Ичокан, регион Кахамарка. Известна е с уникалния си глас, който обхваща четири, а в най-добрите ѝ години дори пет октави, от бас до сопран (горе-долу в диапазона между 123 и 2270 херца). Това и носи прозвището Славеят на Андите. Истинското ѝ име е Соила Аугуста Емператрис Чавари дел Кастийо (Zoila Augusta Emperatriz Chavarri del Castillo). Изпълнителката на оперни арии и народна музика. Открита е сред индианско племе на Перуанските Анди. Става много популярна в родината си през 40-те години на 20 век, а в Европа и САЩ добива популярност през 50-те с албума си Voice of the Xtabay (1950, тираж - половин милион). За първи път нейни песни са пуснати по радиото през 1942 г. На 6 юни същата година се омъжва за композитора и ръководител на оркестър Моузис Виванко. Двамата многократно се събират и разделят, докато окончателно връзката им приключва през 1965 г. В края на 1960-те публиката започва да я забравя, но през 90-те години Сумак напомня за себе си в киното. Нейният глас звучи в песента Ataypura, във филма на братя Коен Големият Лебовски, други нейни песни също влизат в саундтрака на някои филми. Последното десетилетие певицата водила крайно уединен начин на живот. Освен това тя щателно криела обстоятелства около биографията си. В различни нейни биографии варира годината на раждане - от 1921 до 1929, но неин приятел и гримьор Деймън Девин съобщил, че в акта за раждане на Сумак е записана датата - 13 септември 1922 г. Умира в в Лос Анджелис на 1 ноември 2008 г. от рак на дебелото черво. Дискография[редактиране | редактиране на кода] - Поне 20 перуански народни песни, записани с оркестъра на Моузис Виванко, (1943) - Voice of the Xtabay (1950) - Flahooley (1951) - Legend of the Sun Virgin (1952) - Inca Taqui (1953) - Voice of the Xtabay & Inca Taqui, (1955) - Mambo! - Legend of the Jivaro (1957) - Fuego Del Ande (1959) - Recital (1961) - Miracles (1971) - I Wonder on Stay Awake: Various Interpretations of Music from Vintage Disney Films, (1988) (една от певиците в албума)
1.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.1 4.1 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.1 7.1 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 9.1 9.2 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 12.1 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 15.1 15.2 15.3 16.1 17.1 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 19.1 20.1 20.2 20.3 21.1 22.1 23.1 24.1 24.2 25.1 26.1 26.2 27.1 28.1 29.1 30.1 31.1 32.1 33.1 34.1 35.1 36.1 37.1 38.1 39.1 40.1 41.1 42.1 43.1 44.1 45.1 46.1 47.1 48.1 49.1 50.1 51.1 52.1 52.2 53.1 54.1 55.1 56.1 56.2 57.1 57.2 57.3 58.1 58.2 59.1 59.2 59.3 60.1 61.1 62.1 62.2 62.3 62.4 62.5 63.1 64.1 65.1 66.1 66.2 66.3 67.1 67.2 67.3 67.4 67.5 68.1 69.1 70.1 71.1 72.1 73.1 74.1 75.1 76.1 77.1 78.1 78.2 78.3 79.1 79.2 79.3 80.1 80.2 81.1 82.1 83.1 84.1 85.1 86.1 87.1 88.1 89.1 90.1 91.1 92.1 93.1 94.1 95.1
Yma Sumac Yma Sumac ( /ˈiːmə ˈsuːmæk/; September 13, 1922 – November 1, 2008) was a noted Peruvian soprano. In the 1950s, she was one of the most famous proponents of exotica music. She became an international success based on her extreme vocal range, which was said to be "well over four octaves"[2] and was sometimes claimed to span even five octaves at her peak.[3][4] [edit] Early life Zoila Augusta Emperatriz Chávarri del Castillo was born on September 13, 1922,[5] in Callao, a seacoast city in Peru.[1][6][7] Stories published in the 1950s claimed that she was an Incan princess, directly descended from Atahualpa. Her New York Times obituary reported that "The largest and most persistent fabrication about Ms. Sumac was that she was actually a housewife from Brooklyn named Amy Camus, her name spelled backward. The fact is that the government of Peru in 1946 formally supported her claim to be descended from Atahualpa, the last Incan emperor."[8] Chávarri adopted the stage name of Imma Sumack (also spelled Ymma Sumack and Ima Sumack) before she left South America to go to the U.S. The stage name was based on her mother's name, which was derived from Ima Shumaq, Quechua for "how beautiful!" although in interviews she claimed it meant "beautiful flower" or "beautiful girl".[9] [edit] Career Yma Sumac first appeared on radio in 1942. Sumac and orchestra and bandleader Moisés Vianco were married that year. She recorded at least 18 tracks[10] of Peruvian folk songs in Argentina in 1943. These early recordings for the Odeon label featured Moisés Vivanco's group, Compañía Peruana de Arte, a group of 46 Indian dancers, singers, and musicians. In 1946, Sumack and Vivanco moved to New York City, where they performed as the Inka Taky Trio, Sumack singing soprano, Vivanco on guitar, and her cousin Cholita Rivero singing contralto and dancing. She was signed by Capitol Records in 1950, at which time her stage name became Yma Sumac. During the 1950s, Yma Sumac produced a series of lounge music recordings featuring Hollywood-style versions of Incan and South American folk songs, working with the likes of Les Baxter and Billy May. The combination of her extraordinary voice, exotic looks, and stage personality made her a hit with American audiences. Sumac appeared in a Broadway musical, Flahooley, in 1951, as a foreign princess who brings Aladdin's lamp to an American toy factory to have it repaired. The show's score was by Sammy Fain and E. Y. "Yip" Harburg, but Sumac's three numbers were the work of Vivanco with one co-written by Vivanco and Fain. Capitol Records, Sumac's label, recorded the show. Flahooley closed quickly, but the recording continues as a cult classic, in part because it also marked the Broadway debut of Barbara Cook. During the height of Sumac's popularity, she appeared in the films Secret of the Incas (1954) and Omar Khayyam (1957). She became a U.S. citizen on July 22, 1955. In 1959, she performed Jorge Bravo de Rueda's classic song "Vírgenes del Sol" on her album Fuego del Ande. In 1957, Sumac and Vivanco divorced, their dispute making news in Los Angeles.[11] They remarried that same year, but divorced again in 1965. Apparently due to financial difficulties, Yma Sumac and the original Inka Taky Trio went on a world tour in 1961, which lasted for five years. They performed in 40 cities in the Soviet Union, and afterward throughout Europe, Asia, and Latin America. Their performance in Bucharest, Romania, was recorded as the album Recital, her only "live in concert" record. Yma Sumac spent the rest of the 1960s performing sporadically. In 1971, she released a rock album called Miracles, and then returned to live in Peru. She performed in concert from time to time during the 1970s in Peru and later in New York at the Chateau Madrid and Town Hall. In the 1980s, she resumed her career under the management of Alan Eichler and had a number of concerts both in the U.S. and abroad, including the Hollywood Roosevelt's Cinegrill, New York's Ballroom in 1987 (where she was held-over for seven weeks to SRO crowds) and several San Francisco shows at the Theatre on the Square among others. In 1987, she also recorded the song "I Wonder" from the Disney film Sleeping Beauty for Stay Awake, an album of songs from Disney movies, produced by Hal Willner. She sang "Ataypura" during a March 19, 1987 appearance on Late Night with David Letterman, appearing alongside Jan Hooks and Sam Donaldson. She also recorded a new German "techno" dance record, "Mambo ConFusion." In 1989, she sang once again at the Ballroom in New York and returned to Europe for the first time in 30 years to headline the BRT's "Gala Bertjes" TV special in Brussels as well as the "Etoile Palace" program in Paris hosted by Frederic Mitterrand. In March 1990, she played the role of Heidi in Stephen Sondheim's Follies, in Long Beach, California, her first attempt at serious theater since Flahooley in 1951. She also gave several concerts in the summer of 1996 in San Francisco and Hollywood as well as two more in Montreal, Canada, in July 1997 as part of the Montreal International Jazz Festival. [edit] In culture In 1992, Guenter Czernetzky directed a documentary for German television entitled Yma Sumac – Hollywoods Inkaprinzessin (Yma Sumac – Hollywood's Inca Princess). With the resurgence of lounge music in the late 1990s, Sumac's profile rose again when the song "Ataypura" was featured in the Coen Brothers film, The Big Lebowski. Her song "Bo Mambo" appeared in a commercial for Kahlúa liquor and was sampled for the song "Hands Up" by The Black Eyed Peas. The song "Gopher Mambo" was used in the films Ordinary Decent Criminal, Dead Husbands, Spy Games, and Confessions of a Dangerous Mind. "Gopher Mambo" was also used in an act of the Cirque Du Soleil show Quidam. The songs "Goomba Boomba" and "Malambo No. 1" appeared in Death to Smoochy. Yma Sumac is also mentioned in the lyrics of the 1980s song Joe le taxi by Vanessa Paradis. [edit] Vocal range Yma Sumac recorded an extraordinarily wide vocal range of slightly over four octaves from B2 to C#7 (approximately 123 to 2270 Hz).[12] She was able to sing notes in the low baritone register as well as notes above the range of an ordinary soprano. Both low and high extremes can be heard in the song Chuncho (The Forest Creatures) (1953). She was also apparently able to sing in an eerie "double voice".[13] [edit] Critical reception In 1954, classical composer Virgil Thomson described her voice as "very low and warm, very high and birdlike", noting that her range "is very close to four octaves, but is in no way inhuman or outlandish in sound."[8] [edit] Personal life Sumac married composer and bandleader Moisés Vivanco[14] on June 6, 1942. She bore a son, Charles, in 1949. [edit] Death Yma Sumac died on November 1, 2008, aged 86 at an assisted-living home in Los Angeles, nine months after being diagnosed as having colon cancer. She was interred at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Hollywood in the "Sanctuary of Memories" section. [edit] Awards On May 6, 2006, Sumac flew to Lima, where she was presented the Orden del Sol award by Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo and the Jorge Basadre medal by the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.[15] [edit] Discography [edit] Albums - Voice of the Xtabay (1950) - Flahooley (1951) - Legend of the Sun Virgin (1952) - Inca Taqui (1953) - Mambo! - Legend of the Jivaro (1957) - Fuego Del Ande (1959) - Recital (1961) - Miracles (1971) [edit] Singles - Dance Of The Moon Festival / Earthquake - Mambo! [edit] Compilations - The Spell of Yma Sumac (1987) - Amor Indio (1994) - Shou Condor (1997) - The Ultimate Yma Sumac Collection (2000) - Virgin Of The Sun God (2002) - The Exotic Sounds Of Yma Sumac (2002) - Queen of Exotica (2005) [edit] Other - At least 18 tracks of Peruvian folk songs in Argentina in 1943 for the Odeon Records label, with Moisés Vivanco's group, Compañía Peruana de Arte—a group of 46 Indian dancers, singers, and musicians. (At least five additional tracks from these sessions are instrumentals or feature other vocalists.)(10" 78 rpm) - I Wonder on Stay Awake: Various Interpretations of Music from Vintage Disney Films, 1988 (one of Various Artists) - Mambo ConFusion (1991), Deutsche Schallplatten Berlin (Germany CD Maxi-Single), DSB 3025-5 (CD Maxi-Single contains 'Radio Version,' longer 'Maxi Version,' and 'Mambo Hip' version) [edit] References - ^ a b Yma Sumac was officially born in Callao. Official Yma Sumac's Birth Certificate - ^ Ellen Highstein: 'Yma Sumac (Chavarri, Emperatriz)' Grove Music Online, ed. Macy. (Accessed August 8, 2006) - ^ Clarke Fountain, "Yma Sumac: Hollywood's Inca Princess (review). Allmovie, reproduced in The New York Times. - ^ David Richards, "The Trill of a Lifetime; Exotic Singer Yma Sumac Meets a New Wave of Fans." The Washington Post, March 2, 1987, STYLE; PAGE B1. Accessed August 6, 2006, via Lexis Nexis, [2] - ^ Yma Súmac biography - ^ Peruvian Magazine Batuta N°3 Yma Sumac "my mother gave birth in Callao". - ^ Alvarez-Russi, Raul (January 26, 2010). "Yma Sumac de regreso al Callao" (in Spanish). Callao.org. http://callao.org/content/yma-sumac-de-regreso-al-callao. Retrieved December 15, 2011. - ^ a b Martin, Douglas (November 4, 2008), "Yma Sumac, Vocalist of the Exotic, Dies at 86", The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/04/arts/music/04sumac.html, retrieved December 11, 2010 - ^ Cusihuaman 2001: p. 47, 103 - ^ Argentina Session 1943 - ^ Los Angeles Times. Jack Smith. Inca-redible: Yma Sumac, Mate Stage Free-for-All - ^ Suits, B.H.. "Frequencies for equal-tempered scale". Michigan Tech Physics. http://www.phy.mtu.edu/~suits/notefreqs.html. Retrieved August 25, 2011. - ^ Secret Museum of the Air, October 6, 2002 program (5:15–5:57) - ^ Moisés Vivanco - ^ Yma Sumac Receives Highest Peruvian Honor [edit] External links - Yma-Sumac.com - Sunvirgin.com - Yma Sumac at TV.com - Yma Sumac: The Incan Princesss and the Voice of the Andes Sounds and Colours, August 30, 2012 - Excerpts from book on Yma Sumac - Brief review of Sumac at the Cotillion Room New York City, September 19, 1951 - "Yma Sumac... the Voice of the Incas". Fate (magazine), Vol. 4, No. 8, November–December 1951 - Four Octave Inca, Pathfinder, November 11, 1950. Retrieved Oct 16, 2005. A piece contemporaneous with the release of Voice of the Xtabay. - Dalton, Andrew. November 3, 2008. - "Yma Sumac, Vocalist of the Exotic, Dies at 86", The New York Times, November 4, 2008. - 1922 births - 2008 deaths - Operatic sopranos - Operatic mezzo-sopranos - Operatic contraltos - Singers with a four octave vocal range - Peruvian female singers - Peruvian emigrants to the United States - Naturalized citizens of the United States - Peruvian people of Quechua descent - Deaths from colorectal cancer - Cancer deaths in California - Exotica - Mambo