https___en.wikipedia.org_wiki_Duisburg_Hbf.xml
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Интерсити Експрес - Тази страница се отнася за немския свръхскоростен влак. За други свръхскоростни влакове вижте свръхскоростен влак (пояснение). Интерсити експрес (ICE, на английски: Intercity Express — междуградски експрес) е система от свръхскоростни влакове на немските железници (Дойче Бан). В момента в употреба има 259 влакови композиции в пет различни версии на ICE, на име ICE 1 (пуснати през 1991 г.), ICE 2 (1996), Ice T (1999), ICE 3 (1999) и ICE TD (2001-2003 г., обратно в експлоатация 2007 г.). ICE 3, включително и неговите варианти, е направен от консорциум, ръководен от Bombardier и Siemens. Освен в Германия, влаковете може да се видят и в съседни страни. Има, например, една линия ICE до Базел и Цюрих. ICE 3 влакове вървят до Лиеж и Брюксел и с по-ниска скорост до Амстердам в Холандия. На 10 юни 2007 г. е открита нова линия между Париж и Франкфурт, съвместна с експресите ICE и TGV. Съдържание История[редактиране | edit source] Дойче бан започва серия от проучвания през 1985 г. с помощта на тест-[влакa]] InterCityExperimental (наричан още "ICE-V"). ICExperimental е бил използван като влак за проучвания и високи скорости, с него е направен нов световен рекорд от 406.9 км/ч на 1 май 1988 г. Влакът е пенсиониран през 1996 г. и се заменя с нова проучвателна единица, наречена ICE S. Мрежата на ICE е официално открита на 29 май 1991 г. със сближаване на новопостроената гара Касел-Вилхелмсхьое в различни посоки. Първо поколение[редактиране | edit source] ICE 1 е първата серия на високоскоростните влакове и първият от вече петте вида междуградски експреси. Влаковете са с дължина до 411 м и до 800 места, най-дългите единици ICE, които са били построявани. Един от 60-те броя остава до голяма степен разрушен от катастрофата в Eschede през юни 1998 г. Останалите 59 единици са възстановени между 2005 и 2008 г. и ще се кандидатират за още 10 до 15 години. Второ поколение[редактиране | edit source] Голямият успех на ICE 1 не разочарова Дойче бан, но вагоните му не могат да се разделят и затова често пътува полупразен. В края на 90-те години е разработен ICE 2 с двe мотриси и според пътя и натоварването пътува като цялостен или полувлак. Понякога ICE 1 се използват като добавка за ICE 2. Трето поколение[редактиране | edit source] Дойче бан прави голяма крачка в техниката с развитието на ICE 3. ICE 3 е третата серия немски експреси като в Германия достигат 300 км/ч, а във Франция до 320 км/ч. Между 1999 и 2004 г. са направени 50 броя. В края на 2008 г. са произведени мотриси от клас 407, които влизат в употреба 2011/2012 г., тъй като нов ICE 3 ще се включи към фамилията на Интерсити експрес. ICE TD и ICE T[редактиране | edit source] Едновременно с ICE 3, Siemens разработва и влакове с технология на въртене, като голяма част е от техническия проект на ICE 3. Клас 411 и 415 (ICE T) и клас 605 (ICE TD) са били построени с подобен вътрешен и външен дизайн. Те са специално предназначени за дълги железопътни линии, но не са подходящи за високи скорости. ICE-TD работи с дизелова тяга. Двата модела могат да се управляват съвместно, но това не се извършва рутинно. Дестинации[редактиране | edit source] Линии Север-Юг[редактиране | edit source] - От Хамбург - Хамбург-Алтона през Хановер - Касел-Вилхелмсхьое - Фулда - Франкфурт - Манхайм или през Карлсруе - Фрайбург до Базел (ICE линия 20) или направо на Щутгарт (ICE линия 22) - От Хамбург-Алтона - Хамбург и Бремен през Хановер - Касел-Вилхемсхьое - Фулда - Вюрцбург или през Нюрнберг-Инголщад или Донаувьорт - Аугсбург до Мюнхен (ICE линия 25) - От Хамбург - Хамбург-Алтона през Берлин-Спандау - Берлин - Берлин Юг - Лайпциг - Нюрнберг или през Аугсбург или Инголщад до Мюнхен (ICE линия 28) - От Берлин Запад през Берлин - Берлин-Спандау - Брауншвайг - Касел-Вилхелмсхьое - Фулда - Франкфурт - Манхайм или през Карлсруе - Фрайбург до Базел(ICE линия 12) или през Щутгарт - Улм - Аугсбург до Мюнхен (ICE линия 11) - От Амстердам или Дортмунд през Дуисбург - Дюселдорф - Кьолн - Летище Франкфурт - Манхайм или през Карлсруе - Фрайбург до Базел (ICE линия 43) или през Щутгарт - Улм - Аугсбург до Мюнхен (ICE линия 42) - От Амстердам - Дуисбург - Дюселдорф (ICE линия 78) или от Брюксел - Аахен (ICE линия 79) през Кьолн - Летище Франкфурт - Франкфурт - Вюрцбург - Нюрнберг до Мюнхен(минава, но не гарира в Инголщад, ICE линия 41) Линии Запад-Изток[редактиране | edit source] - От Берлин Запад през Берлин - Хановер - Билефелд - Хам или през Дортмунд - Есен - Дуисбург - Дюселдорф до Летище Кьолн / Бон или през Хаген - Вупертал - Солинген - Кьолн до Бон (ICE линия 10) - От Дрезден(с някои влакове от Берлин) през Лайпциг - Ерфурт - Фулдa - Франкфурт или през Летище Франкфурт - Майнц до Висбаден или (извън пиковите услуги) през Дармщат - Манхайм - Кайзерслаутерн до Саарбрюкен (ICE линия 50) - От Дрезден през Лайпциг - Ерфурт - Касел-Вилхелмсхьое - Падерборн - Дортмунд - Есен - Дуисбург - Дюселдорф до Кьолн (IC / ICE линия 51) Вижте също[редактиране | edit source] Източници[редактиране | edit source]
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Duisburg Hauptbahnhof Duisburg Hauptbahnhof is a railway station in the city of Duisburg in western Germany. It is situated at the meeting point of many important national and international railway lines in the Northwestern Ruhr valley. Contents Lines[edit] The station is situated at the northern end of the relatively straight Duisburg to Düsseldorf railway line which has to cope with one of the highest daily loads in continental Europe.[citation needed] This line is slated to be widened to six tracks in the near future.[citation needed] Currently it has four—and in some places five—tracks. Parallel to it to the east is the local line to Duisburg-Wedau, remnant of a relief line to Düsseldorf which only sees a local shuttle service today but is heavily used by freight trains (which usually do not run through the station but bypass it on a freight-only line two miles to the east). The third line from the south is the railway line to Krefeld and Mönchengladbach. This crosses the River Rhine and then splits into the main line and a branch to Moers and Xanten at Rheinhausen. North of the station, seven tracks run to the River Ruhr crossing (which is a sight on the Route der Industriekultur (Route of industrial heritage) due to a maze of girder bridges) where a three track line split for Oberhausen and on to Antwerp and the other line runs to Dortmund via Gelsenkirchen. The four-tracked main line turns east and runs via Essen and Bochum to Dortmund. Operational usage[edit] Railway[edit] The station is an important hub for InterCityExpress, InterCity and EuroCity trains from and to the Netherlands, Berlin, Switzerland, Munich, Frankfurt and Cologne. It also is an important connection point for RegionalExpress and RegionalBahn lines and has two S-Bahn lines of the Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn calling at the station. A nearby Stadtbahn station offers local connections as well as trams to Mülheim an der Ruhr and Düsseldorf. Local travel[edit] Trams and buses call at the northern concourse (not connected to the main hall). There is another bus station at the eastern end of the main concourse, but not all lines serving the station call there. Taxis are available at both ends of the main concourse. The station is directly connected to the motorway A59 whichs runs under the plaza in front of the main entrance. Long-distance coaches depart from a small bus station at the city end of the station (behind the taxi ranks, to the left). Architecture[edit] The current station building dates from the 1930s and was modelled after the station in Königsberg. After WW2 it was extensively rebuilt and many features (such as murals in the main concourse) were lost. Its 6 platforms are covered by a train shed at their southern ends and modern canopies to the north where there is a second concourse housing the bus and tram stops. The station today has a rather drab feeling with the train shed in need of repair as there are quite a number of holes in the roof. Amenities[edit] As is usual with station of its size, Duisburg Hbf has a number of shops on its concourse and in the main hall. These include a book shop, a barber shop, several telecommunication accessories dealers, 2 bars, a small gambling arcade and several bakers and fast food stalls. The booking hall is located in the main hall (city exit), and lockers are provided at the beginning of the concourse to the right, next to the toilets. In the station building outside the concourse there is a hotel and local newspaper offices, and there used to be a fairly large night club which closed in early 2006 and has remained empty since. History[edit] Former private railways[edit] Duisburg station was opened in Duisburg on 9 February 1846 by the Cologne-Minden Railway Company (Cöln-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, CME) along with the second section of its trunk line from Cologne-Deutz to Minden. On 15 May 1847 the line was extended to Hamm and Duisburg station became a through station on the line from Düsseldorf to Oberhausen. Fifteen years later, in 1862, the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company (Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, BME), opened its east-west route through the Ruhr region from Dortmund and Witten to Duisburg. Its station was built close to the existing station, but it was a terminal station that was approached only from the northeast, not a through station. Finally, on 15 February 1870, a three kilometre long branch line was opened by the Rhenish Railway Company (Rheinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, RHE) from the Rheinhausen–Hochfeld train ferry to Duisburg, which became the starting point of its new route to Quakenbrück, completed in 1879. It built a through station next to other stations in Duisburg. Prussian state railways[edit] The station buildings of the three railway companies survived until after their nationalisation when they became part of the Prussian state railways. In the 1880s the three stations were demolished and a joint station building was built on an island between the platforms of the various lines. The entrance to this building was to the north on Mülheimer Straße, which the lines crossed at that time over level crossings. It was not until the late 19th and early 20th centuries that all tracks had been raised above street level. Deutsche Reichsbahn[edit] At the beginning of the 1930s, the station, which had been taken over Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1920 when it absorbed the Prussian State Railway, was extended and rebuilt to its present size. The buildings have since been replaced. The still-existing entrance building of the station at Portsmouthplatz was built from 1931 to 1934 under the direction of the government architect Johannes Ziertmann (an architect at the railway division of Essen) and was considered one of the most modern station buildings of its time. It is comparable with the entrance buildings in Düsseldorf and Oberhausen, built in the same period. The two sculptures at the front of a steel frame structure built for the ticket hall are by the Essen sculptor Joseph Enseling. The platform canopies were built with Vierendeel trusses and are structurally similar to the canopies at Düsseldorf Hauptbahnhof, which were scrapped in the 1980s, and follow the conceptually similar canopies of Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof built before the First World War. The Duisburg platform canopies were the first all-welded steel construction of this size. During the Second World War the station was heavily damaged in a heavy bombing attack on Duisburg by allied forces. Deutsche Bundesbahn[edit] The station has been rebuilt several times since the war. In 1992, as part of the inauguration of the Duisburg Stadtbahn (light rail), the new northern connecting hall (Verknüpfungshalle) was opened, all six platforms were lengthened to several hundred metres over the former road underpass connecting Mühlheimerstraße and Königstraße and provided with simple platform roofs, which are easily distinguished from the old station hall. Deutsche Bahn[edit] On 12 December 2008 Deutsche Bahn and the state of North Rhine-Westphalia announced that much-needed renovation work would begin in mid of 2009. The total cost was estimated at €60 million. The first phase includes the renovation of the lobby and the underpass. Among other things, the false ceilings would be removed and the building returned to its original state. Renovation work on the monumental facade is planned. The cost for the first phase is estimated at €10.1 million.[1] On 24 July 2009, the first phase of renovation work began and the major renovations in the entrance hall were completed on 22 December 2009. From January 2010 work started on the renovation of the pedestrian tunnel. In a second, much more expensive construction phase, the railway platforms, railway tracks and the dilapidated roof will be rehabilitated in 2011.[2] Train services[edit] The station is served by the following services:[3] - Intercity Express services (ICE 10) (Köln/Bonn Airport -) Düsseldorf - Essen - Dortmund - Hamm - Hannover - Berlin - Intercity Express services (ICE 41) Dortmund - Essen - Düsseldorf - Cologne - Frankfurt - Nürnberg - Munich - Intercity Express services (ICE 41) Düsseldorf - Essen - Dortmund - Kassel - Frankfurt - Nürnberg - Munich - Intercity Express services (ICE 42) Münster – Dortmund – Essen – Düsseldorf – Cologne – Frankfurt – Mannheim – Stuttgart – Munich - Intercity Express services (ICE 43) Amsterdam - Düsseldorf - Cologne - Frankfurt - Karlsruhe - Basel - Intercity Express services (ICE 47) Dortmund – Essen – Düsseldorf – Cologne/Bonn Flughafen – Frankfurt Flughafen – Mannheim – Stuttgart - Intercity Express services (ICE 50) Düsseldorf - Essen - Dortmund - Kassel - Erfurt - Leipzig - Dresden - Intercity Express services (ICE 78) Amsterdam - Düsseldorf - Cologne - Frankfurt - Intercity Express services (ICE 91) Hamburg - Bremen - Münster - Dortmund - Essen - Düsseldorf - Cologne - Koblenz - Frankfurt - Nürnberg - Passau - Linz - Vienna - Eurocity services (EC 30) Hamburg - Bremen - Münster - Dortmund - Essen - Düsseldorf - Cologne - Koblenz - Mainz - Mannheim - Karlsruhe - Basel - Zürich - Chur - Intercity services (IC 30) Westerland - Hamburg - Bremen - Münster - Dortmund - Essen - Düsseldorf - Cologne - Koblenz - Mainz - Mannheim - Stuttgart - Eurocity services (EC 32) Münster - Düsseldorf - Cologne - Koblenz - Mainz - Mannheim - Stuttgart – München – Salzburg – Villach – Klagenfurt - Eurocity services (EC 32) Münster - Düsseldorf - Cologne - Koblenz - Mainz - Mannheim - Stuttgart – Lindau - Innsbruck - Intercity services (IC 32) (Berlin - Hanover -) Dortmund - Essen - Düsseldorf - Cologne - Koblenz - Mainz - Mannheim - Stuttgart - Munich - Intercity services (IC 35) Norddeich - Emden - Rheine - Münster - Düsseldorf - Cologne - Koblenz - Mainz - Mannheim - Karlsruhe - Konstanz - Intercity services (IC 50) Düsseldorf - Essen - Dortmund - Kassel - Erfurt - Leipzig - Intercity services (IC 55) Dresden - Leipzig - Magdeburg - Hanover - Dortmund - Essen - Düsseldorf - Cologne - Koblenz - Mainz - Mannheim - Stuttgart - Obertsdorf - Intercity services (HKX) Hamburg - Osnabrück - Münster - Essen - Düsseldorf - Cologne - CityNightLine services Amsterdam - Duisburg - Cologne - Frankfurt - Karlsruhe - Basel - Zürich - CityNightLine services Amsterdam - Duisburg - Cologne - Frankfurt - Stuttgart - Munich - CityNightLine services Duisburg - Cologne - Dortmund - Berlin - Dresden - Prague - EuroNight services Duisburg - Cologne - Dortmund - Frankfurt (Oder) - Poznan - Kutno - Warsaw - Regional services RE 1 NRW-Express Aachen - Cologne - Düsseldorf - Duisburg - Essen - Dortmund - Hamm - Paderborn - Regional services RE 2 Rhein-Haard-Express Münster - Dülmen - Recklinghausen - Essen - Duisburg - Düsseldorf - Regional services RE 3 Rhein-Emscher-Express Hamm - Dortmund - Gelsenkirchen - Duisburg - Düsseldorf - Regional services RE 5 Rhein-Express Emmerich - Wesel - Oberhausen - Duisburg - Düsseldorf - Cologne - Bonn - Koblenz - Regional services RE 6 Westfalen-Express Düsseldorf - Duisburg - Essen - Dortmund - Hamm - Bielefeld - Minden - Regional services RE 11 Rhein-Hellweg-Express Hamm - Dortmund - Essen - Duisburg - Krefeld - Mönchengladbach - Local services RB 31 Der Niederrheiner Xanten - Moers - Duisburg - Local services RB 33 Rhein-Niers-Bahn Wesel - Oberhausen - Duisburg - Krefeld - Mönchengladbach - Local services RB 33 Rhein-Niers-Bahn Duisburg - Krefeld - Mönchengladbach - Aachen - Local services RB 35 Der Weseler (Emmerich -) Wesel - Oberhausen - Duisburg (- Düsseldorf) - Local services RB 37 Der Wedauer Duisburg - Duisburg-Entenfang - Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn services S 1 Solingen - Düsseldorf - Duisburg - Essen - Dortmund - Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn services S 2 Duisburg - Oberhausen - Essen - Gelsenkirchen - Dortmund Stadtbahn services[edit] Notes[edit] - ^ "Bahn frei für den Umbau" (in German). Der Westen. 12 December 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2011. - ^ "Hauptbahnhof erstrahlt in neuem Glanze" (in German). Der Westen. 21 December 2009. Retrieved 18 August 2011. - ^ Timetables for Duisburg Hbf station External links[edit] - "Duisburg Hbf track plan" (PDF, 648 kB) (in German). Deutsche Bahn. Retrieved 18 August 2011. - "Platform heights and lengths" (in German). Deutsche Bahn. Retrieved 18 August 2011. - "Duisburg Hbf". NRW Rail Archive (in German). André Joost. Retrieved 18 August 2011. - "Operations in EDG track zone". NRW Rail Archive (in German). André Joost. Retrieved 18 August 2011. - "Hauptbahnhof Duisburg" (in German). route-industriekultur. Retrieved 18 August 2011. - "History of station with current and historical photographs" (in German). duisburgweb.de. Retrieved 18 August 2011.