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Ирод Агрипа II - Вижте пояснителната страница за други значения на Ирод. Ирод Агрипа II или Марк Юлий Агрипа (Herodes Agrippa II., Marcus Iulius Agrippa; * 27; † сл. 93) е цар на римската провинция Юдея от 48 до 70 г. сл.н.е. Той е правнук на Ирод Велики. Ирод Агрипа II е син на Ирод Агрипа I, цар на Юдея, който е внук на Ирод Велики и съпругата му Кипро (Kypros), която е правнучка на Ирод Велики. Произлиза от Иродската династия. Ирод Агрипа II е брат на Береника, Мариамна и Друзила. Ирод Агрипа II, както баща му, е възпитаван в императорския дворец на Клавдий в Рим. Когато баща му умира през 44 г. той е още млад, за да стане негов последник като цар на Юдея. След смъртта на чичо му Ирод от Халки († 48) той получава царството му в регион Chalkis в Ливанските-планини като тетрарх на Халки и отговаря за Йерусалимския храм с правото да поставя Първосвещениците. Така той става религиозен вожд на всички юдеи в Палестина и в еврейската диаспора. През 53 г. той се застъпва за евреите от Александрия. През 53 г. той получава от император Клавдий вместо Халки територията на бившата тетрархия на Ирод Филип († 34). През 64 г. император Нерон прибавил към неговите владения част от Галилея с главен град Тивериада. Ирод Агрипа II прави великодушни дарения и строежи. След завършването на храма в Йерусалим (70 г.), той настила със свои средства улиците на Йерусалим с мрамор. Той построява театър в Беритос, раздава олио и зърно на населението. Ирод Агрипа II се опитва безуспешно чрез преговори да предотврати Юдейската война (66–70/73 г.) против римляните. След войната той придружава римския генерал и по-късен император Тит в Рим, където живее до смъртта си. Споменаване в Библията[редактиране | edit source] Ирод Агрипа II, съгласно библейската книга Деяния на светите апостоли, изслушал през 60 г. защитната реч на Апостол Павел и го намира за невиновен. Апостол Павел през това време бил затворен в Цезареа (Кесария в Палестина), където Агрипа II бил заедно със сестра си Береника при Порций Фест, римския прокуратор на Юдея (60–62). Източници[редактиране | edit source] - Йосиф Флавий, Jüdische Altertümer. Heinrich Clementz. Mit Paragraphenzählung nach Flavii Josephi Opera recognovit Benedictus Niese (Editio minor), Wiesbaden 2004. - Йосиф Флавий, De bello Iudaico. Otto Michel, Otto Bauernfeind, 3 Bde., 1959–1969. - Йосиф Флавий, Aus meinem Leben = (Vita). Folker Siegert, Heinz Schreckenberg, Manuel Vogel u.a. Tübingen 2001. - Mason, Charles Peter (1867), "Agrippa, Herodes II", in Smith, William, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, 1, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, pp. 78, http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0087.html Външни препратки[редактиране | edit source] - Jewish Encyclopedia: Agrippa II - Agrippa II - by Mahlon H. Smith - Livius.org: Julius Marcus Agrippa
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Herod Agrippa II (born AD 27/28),[1] officially named Marcus Julius Agrippa and sometimes just called Agrippa, was the seventh and last king of the family of Herod the Great, the Herodians. He was the son of the first and better-known Herod Agrippa, the brother of Berenice, Mariamne, and Drusilla (second wife of the Roman procurator Antonius Felix).[2] LifeEdit Herod Agrippa II was educated at the court of the emperor Claudius, and at the time of his father's death was only seventeen years old. Claudius therefore kept him at Rome, and sent Cuspius Fadus as procurator of the Roman province of Judaea. While at Rome, he voiced his support for the Jews to Claudius, and against the Samaritans and the procurator of Iudaea Province, Ventidius Cumanus, who was lately thought to have been the cause of some disturbances there.[1] On the death of Herod of Chalcis in 48, his small kingdom of Chalcis, Syria was given to Herod Agrippa, with the right of superintending the Temple in Jerusalem and appointing its high priest.[3] In 53, he was deprived of that kingdom by Claudius, who made him governor over the tetrarchies of Philip and Lysanias.[4] Herod Agrippa celebrated by marrying off his two sisters Mariamne and Drusilla. Flavius Josephus, the Jewish historian, repeats the gossip that Herod Agrippa lived in an incestuous relationship with his sister, Berenice. In 55, Nero added the cities of Tiberias and Taricheae in Galilee, and Livias (Iulias), with fourteen villages near it, in Peraea. Agrippa expended large sums in beautifying Jerusalem and other cities, especially Berytus. His partiality for the latter rendered him unpopular amongst his own subjects, and the capricious manner in which he appointed and deposed the high priests made him disliked by the Jews. Agrippa failed to prevent his subjects from rebelling, and urged instead that they tolerate the behavior of the Roman procurator Gessius Florus. But in 66 the Jews expelled him and Berenice from the city.[1] During the First Jewish-Roman War of 66–73, he sent 2,000 men, archers and cavalry, to support Vespasian, showing that, although a Jew in religion, he was entirely devoted to the Roman Empire. He accompanied Titus on some campaigns,[1] and was wounded at the siege of Gamla. After the capture of Jerusalem, he went with his sister Berenice to Rome, where he was invested with the dignity of praetor and rewarded with additional territory. According to Photius, Agrippa died, childless, at the age of seventy, in the third year of the reign of Trajan, that is, 100,[5] but statements of historian Josephus, in addition to the contemporary epigraphy from his kingdom, cast this date into serious doubt. The modern scholarly consensus holds that he died before 93/94.[1] He was the last prince of the house of the Herods. It was before him and his sister Berenice that, according to the New Testament, Paul the Apostle pleaded his case at Caesarea Maritima, possibly in 59.[6] He had a great intimacy with the historian Josephus, having supplied him with information for his history, Antiquities of the Jews. Josephus preserved two of the letters he received from him.[7][8][9] Family treeEdit ReferencesEdit - ^ a b c d e Rajak, Tessa (1996), "Iulius Agrippa (2) II, Marcus", in Hornblower, Simon, Oxford Classical Dictionary, Oxford: Oxford University Press - ^ Mason, Charles Peter (1870). "Agrippa, Herodes II". In Smith, William. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology 1. - ^ "Agrippa II". Jewish Encyclopedia. 1901–1906.: "In the year 50, without regard to the rights of the heir to the throne, he had himself appointed ... to the kingdom of Chalcis by the emperor, and also to the supervisorship of the Temple at Jerusalem, which carried with it the right of nominating the high priest." - ^ Photius cod. - ^ Acts 26 - ^ Josephus: PACE: AJ, 17.5.4 (Whiston) ; Josephus: PACE: AJ, 19.9.2 (Whiston) and endnote 1 ; Josephus: PACE: AJ, 20.1.3 (Whiston) ; Josephus: PACE: AJ, 20.5.2 (Whiston) ; Josephus: PACE: AJ, 20.7.1 (Whiston) ; Josephus: PACE: AJ, 20.7.8 (Whiston) ; Josephus: PACE: AJ, 20.8.4 (Whiston) ; Josephus: PACE: AJ, 11.9.4 (Whiston) - ^ Josephus: PACE: BJ, 2.11.6 (Whiston) ; Josephus: PACE: BJ, 2.12. (Whiston) § 1,16 ; Josephus: PACE: BJ, 2.17.1 (Whiston) ; Josephus: PACE: BJ, 4.1.3 (Whiston) - ^ Josephus: PACE: Life, 1.1.54 (Whiston) Other sourcesEdit - This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. - This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. "article name needed". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. - This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Easton, Matthew George (1897). "article name needed". Easton's Bible Dictionary (New and revised ed.). Nelson and Sons. - Yohanan Aharoni & Michael Avi-Yonah, "The MacMillan Bible Atlas", Revised Edition, p. 156 (1968 & 1977 by Carta Ltd.). External linksEdit - Jewish Encyclopedia: Agrippa II - Agrippa II - Article in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith - Livius.org: Julius Marcus Agrippa