https___en.wikipedia.org_wiki_Subdivisions_of_Libya.xml
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Италианска Либия Италианска Либия (италиански: Libia Italiana; арабски: ليبيا الإيطالية Lībyā al-Īṭālīya) е единна колония на Италианската Северна Африка, създадена през 1934 г. и представлява днешна Либия. Италианската Либия е образувана от колониите Кренайка и Триполитания, които са взети от Италия от Османската империя през 1912 г. след Итало-турската война през 1911-1912. История[редактиране | редактиране на кода] В резултат на Итало-турската война (1911-1912), територията на днешна Либия е под контрол на Италия, която я прави своя колония и част от Италианската Северна Африка. През 1934 териториите Киренайка и Триполитания са обединени с Либия. След италианската окупация на Триполи през 1911 г., в страната избухва въстание, водено от националния герой Омар Мухтар. За да потуши бунта Бенито Мусолини изпраща Родолфо Грациани - ръководител на либийските въоръжени сили. Партизани започват борба в Джебел-Ахдар в Киренайка, съпротивата продължава до 1935 г. За да потушат въстанието в Либия, италианците създават концентрационни лагери, където са задържани общо 125 000 души, предимно мъже, които биха могли да си сътрудничат с партизаните. Въпреки ситуацията в страната политиката на заселване на италианците през 1940-те продължава, в Либия има около 110 000 италианци, които съставляват 12% от общия брой на населението. По време на Втората световна война Либия става сцена на битки между войските на съюзниците и страните от Оста. След края на войната Италия се отказва от правата си върху Либия, която първоначално пада под властта на Великобритания, а по-късно и на Франция. През 1951 г. резолюцията на ООН за Либия е да стане независима държава, начало с крал Идрис I.
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Subdivisions of Libya Subdivisions of Libya are the different names for the areas of Libya in the last two centuries. Initially Libya under Ottoman and Italian control was organized into three to four provinces, then into three governorates (muhafazah) and after World War II into twenty-five districts (baladiyah). Successively into thirty-two districts (shabiyat) with three administrative regions, and finally into twenty-two districts (shabiyat). Contents History[edit] Prior to the Italian invasion of 1911, the area of Libya was administered as three separate provinces ("Vilayets") of the Ottoman Empire: Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica. At first, Italy continued the tripartite administration, but soon consolidated the area into a single province/gobernatorate administered as the "Libyan Colony". Indeed until about 1931 -when the last of the native resistance to the Italians was subdued- the area was divided into three historical regions (Tripolitania, Cyrenaica and Fezzan/"Territorio Sahara"). Then, in 1937, Italian governor Italo Balbo created the political entity called Libya. His Italian Libya was with four provinces and one territory: Tripoli, Misurata, Benghazi, Derna, (in the coastal north) and the "Territory of the Libyan Sahara" (in the Saharan south).[1] After the French and British occupied Libya in 1943, it was again split into three provinces: Tripolitania in the northwest, Cyrenaica in the east, and Fezzan-Ghadames in the southwest.[2] After independence, Libya was divided into three governorates (muhafazat), matching the three provinces of before, but in 1963 it was divided into ten governorates. Provinces[edit] The Provinces of Libya existed during the last period of colonial Italian Libya through post-independence Libya. The country was divided into provinces from 1934 in the colonial era to 1963 when the Governorates system was instituted. Governorates[edit] The Governorates of Libya (muhafazah) were an administrative division of Libya from 1963 until 1983. Initially there were 46 governorates-districts, called baladiyah, that were reduced to 25 in 1987. Municipalities[edit] In 1983, a new system was introduced dividing the country into forty-six municipalities (baladiyat, ). In 1987 this was reduced to twenty-five. Districts[edit] On 2 August 1995, Libya reorganized into thirteen districts (sha`biyat - singular sha`biyah, also translated as municipalities or popularates). In 1998 this was increased to twenty-six districts (sha`biyat). In 2001 it was increased to thirty-two districts plus three administrative regions. Finally in 2007 the number was reduced to twenty-two districts.[3] Basic People's Congresses[edit] Libyan districts are further subdivided into Basic People's Congresses Arabic: مؤتمر شعبي أساسي (Mu'tamar shaʿbi asāsi ). Geographically they correspond approximately to the level of a township or borough. In desert areas they can have an extensive land area with very low population, and are generally centered around, and named for, an oasis. Overview[edit] Libyan districts are further subdivided into Basic People's Congresses which act as townships or boroughs. See also[edit] Notes[edit] - ^ Pan, Chia-Lin (1949) "The Population of Libya" Population Studies, 3(1): pp. 100-125, p. 104 - ^ "Map of Libya 1943-1951" Zentrale für Unterrichtsmedien - ^ [1] شعبيات الجماهيرية العظمى – Sha'biyat of Great Jamahiriya, accessed July 6, 2007 - ^ Italian Libya states "Italian Libya was formed from the colonies of Cyrenaica and Tripolitania which were taken by Italy from the Ottoman Empire in 1912". - ^ Italian North Africa states "from 1912 to 1934, as Tripolitania and Cyrenaica" - ^ Italian Cyrenaica states "was formed in 1927" and "In 1934, Cyrenaica became part of Italian Libya". Italian Libya states "Italian Libya was formed from the colonies of Cyrenaica and Tripolitania which were taken by Italy from the Ottoman Empire in 1912 after the Italo-Turkish War of 1911 to 1912". Provinces of Libya states "From 1927 to 1934, the territory was split into two separate colonies, each run by their own Italian governor: Italian Cyrenaica and Italian Tripolitania". - ^ Italian Tripolitania states "was formed in 1927" and "In 1934, Cyrenaica became part of Italian Libya". Italian Libya states "Italian Libya was formed from the colonies of Cyrenaica and Tripolitania which were taken by Italy from the Ottoman Empire in 1912 after the Italo-Turkish War of 1911 to 1912". - ^ Italian Libya states "Both Cyrenaica and Tripolitania, along with Fezzan, were merged into Italian Libya in 1934" but Italian North Africa states "from 1912 to 1934, as Tripolitania and Cyrenaica". - ^ Provinces of Libya states "In 1934 Italy adopted the name "Libya" as the official name of the reunified area, and administratively divided it up into the three provinces of Cyrenaica, Tripolitania and Fezzan". - ^ a b Italian Libya states "In 1934, [...] the colony (made up of the three Provinces of Cyrenaica, Tripolitania and Fezzan)" but also in the same paragraph "The colony was administered among four provincial governatores [...] and the southern military territory". - ^ a b Italian North Africa states "Indeed, from 1934 to 1940, Italian North Africa was then known as Libya as the North African territories were consolidated into one colony, Italian Libya". Later, the list confirms 1 division. - ^ Provinces of Libya states "In 1937 Cyrenaica and Tripolitania provinces split, with northern Cyrenaica becoming Benghazi and Derna provinces, and northern Tripolitania splitting into Tripoli and Misrata. Fezzan was not split, but the whole southern desert area was militarily". - ^ Italian Libya states "1939 a decree law transformed the commissariats into provinces". - ^ Italian Libya states "From 1943 to 1951, Tripolitania and Cyrenaica were under British administration, while the French controlled Fezzan". Provinces of Libya states "French and British occupied Libya in 1943, it was again split into three provinces: Tripolitania in the northwest, Cyrenaica in the east, and Fezzan-Ghadames in the southwest".