http___en.wikipedia.org_wiki_Yoshinkan_Aikido.xml
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Йошинкан Айкидо Йошинкан айкидо е името на доджото в айкидо, което Гозо Шиода избира. То е и доджото, което баща му е имал и където е канил инструктори от различни будо да преподават. Йошинкан означава място за развиване на духа. Преподаваното от Шиода Сенсей айкидо е по-близко до Айки-джуджуцу, т.е. техниките и духа, които той е усвоил по време на обучението си при Морихей Уешиба преди Втората световна война. Шиода Сенсей сформира Йошинкан айкидо, защото е почувствал, че тренировъчният процес се нуждае от последователност и съгласуваност между отделните елементи, затова създава структуриран метод, при който начинаещите ученици изучават основни техники и движения. Техниките са раздробени на отделни елементи, което подпомага процеса на техническо усвояване. Едновременно с това трениращите се насърчават да разберат динамичните промени на обстоятелствата и състоянията (ментални и физически) при среща на двама или повече индивиди в пространство-времето. Основните движения и техники се делят на две групи - ичи и ни (номер 1 и 2) в зависимост от посоката на протичане на енергията и имат за цел да подобрят физическата укрепналост на тялото, да подобрят неговата функционалност и способност за динамично и ефективно придвижване в пространството. Основните движения и техники се преподават и усвояват под формата на ката, т.е. строго определена форма. В Йошинкан айкидо има около 150 основни техники (кихон уаза), които се практикуват постоянно по време на тренировките. Тяхното усъвършенстване дава възможност на учениците да усвоят останалите свободни техники, чийто брой може да достигне 3000. Едновременно с това се тренира и с различни оръжия - нож, дървен меч и тояга. Както повечето стилове в айкидо и Йошинкан не приема състезанията и набляга върху индивидуалното развитие на духа и тялото. Йошинкан айкидо е едно от бойните изкуства, преподавани на Токийската полиция. Като стил Йошинкан айкидо се стреми да запази и развие традиционния начин за постигане на ефективност - психически и физически натоварен тренировъчен процес, високи изисквания към практикуващите по отношение на етика, аналитичност и гъвкавост (ментална и физическа), спазване на йерархията (системата семпай-кохай). Със създаването на Международната Йошинкай Айкидо Федерация през 1990 г. се наруши традиционната йерархия, което даде възможност да се разкрият множество клубове по света. Отсъствието на личен ангажимент от страна на определен инструктор към преподаваното айкидо доведе до спад в качеството и размиване на критериите за оценка и определянето на степен. Айкидо Йошинкай България остава лоялно към традиционните ценности на будо и чрез тях се стреми към развиване на духа, традициите и ефективността на айкидо. Източници[редактиране | редактиране на кода] Тази статия се основава на материал, публикуван във Йошинкай Айкидо България, използван с пълното разрешение на автора.
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Yoshinkan Yoshinkan (養神館 Yōshinkan lit. "Hall of Spirit Cultivation") Aikido is a style of aikido that developed after World War II in the Yoshinkan Dojo of Gozo Shioda (1915–1994). Yoshinkan Aikido is often called the "hard" style of aikido because the training methods are a product of Shioda's grueling life before the war. Shioda named his dojo "Yoshinkan" after a dojo of the same name that was built by his father, a physician, who wanted to improve both physical and spiritual health.[1] The Yoshinkan style is currently the second largest aikido organization worldwide.[2] Contents Style[edit] As a style of aikido, Yoshinkan is more akin to the pre-war aikibudo techniques taught by Morihei Ueshiba, and therefore also generally closer to aikijujutsu than those styles of aikido developed after the war. The unusual emphasis placed on correct form prior to practicing correct flow and timing further contributes to its image as a "hard" style. Gozo Shioda created a structured method in which beginning students would learn the foundation techniques. Techniques are performed by a pair of students called uke (受け, the partner on whom the technique is performed) and shite (仕手, the partner who performs the technique). They are categorized by elements such as the initiating attack, the applicable control and whether it is a pin or throw. They are further divided into two groups called ichi (first) and ni (second) techniques. Ichi techniques have a feeling of the energy moving towards uke, while ni techniques have a feeling of energy moving towards shite. For example, in an ichi technique, shite would move in the same direction as a pull by uke, while in a ni technique, shite would divert or pivot away from a push by uke. The current method of breaking the techniques into steps and the kihon dosa were developed in order to facilitate teaching beginners in a group. The kenshusei codified many of these methods in consultation with Gozo Shioda, especially Kyoichi Inoue and Takashi Kushida.[3][4][5] To remove stiffness from techniques taught in this way, practitioners over the rank of shodan also practice timing and flow.[3][4] Techniques[edit] Yoshinkan Aikido has some 150 kihon waza (lit. "basic techniques"), which are practised repeatedly and designed to teach principles of movement, balance, timing, etc. In addition to set techniques, the style includes kokyunage (lit. "breath throws"), or techniques in which uke attacks and shite makes a non-mandatory, short and decisive response. As students progress, they begin to practice jiyu waza (lit. free techniques), which is a time-limited free-form attack and defense. In higher grades, jiyu-waza is performed against multiple attackers and/or attackers with weapons. Yoshinkan students do not normally practice the randori free-form found in other styles of aikido. The syllabus contains a few weapons forms, although they are rarely practised outside the hombu dojo, where they are taught to senshusei students. Jiyu-waza for yudansha includes free-form techniques against sword and knife, and some Yoshinkan dojos teach knife take-away techniques. Some Yoshinkan dojos offer aiki-ken classes (classes in which aikido principles are investigated through sword practice) and some offer non-aikido weapons training, such as iaido, concurrently with aikido classes.[6] Like many styles of aikido, Yoshinkan eschews competition; instead, it emphasizes self-defence applications. Yoshinkan aikido is one of the martial arts that has been taught to the Tokyo police. Besides the usual attention to distance, timing and balance, the Yoshinkan style places particularly heavy emphasis on stance and basic movements. Yoshinkan’s distinctive stance, or kamae (lit. "posture" in Japanese), stresses the position of feet and hips. Yoshinkan aikido practitioners stand with hips and shoulders square to the front, the front foot pointing outward and the back foot pointing about 90 degrees to the front foot. Kamae is the foundation of all Yoshinkan aikido techniques and practitioners of Yoshinkan aikido strive to perfect their kamae so that their overall technique will be strengthened. Along with kamae there are 6 kihon dosa (lit. "basic movements") which are considered to be central for the 150 basic techniques. Yoshinkan aikido students practice these diligently to understand how to move their kamae around to put themselves in a strong position. Without proper form in one's basic movements one's aikido will not be as effective. Senshusei course[edit] In 1990, Gozo Shioda founded the International Yoshinkan Aikido Federation (IYAF) to facilitate the learning of Yoshinkan aikido outside of Japan. Under current dojo director Susumu Chino, the Yoshinkan hombu dojo, located in Shinjuku Tokyo, runs an annual 11-month intensive course called the Senshusei course, in which students from Japan and foreign nations train with the Tokyo Metropolitan Riot Police. The book Angry White Pyjamas by Robert Twigger is based on the author's experiences during the course. In addition to the Senshusei Course, a number of other Uchi-deshi and specialized training programs have arisen in recent years. For example, Shihan Tsuneo Ando offers live-in training near Tokyo,[7] and Shihan Jacques Payet offers an 11-month training course at Mugenjuku dojo in Kyoto.[8] Former Yoshinkan Branches[edit] Yoshokai aikido is an offshoot of Yoshinkan Aikido based in the United States founded by Takashi Kushida, a direct student of Gozo Shioda and a contemporary of Kyoichi Inoue. Then-9th dan Kyoichi Inoue, shihan, resigned from the Yoshinkan in March 2006 following an internal dispute,[9] later establishing his own branch, Aikido Shinwakan (合氣道親和館).[10] Following Inoue-shihan's departure, Tsutomu Chida, 8th dan[11] and then-dojocho of Yoshinkan hombu dojo,[12] also broke away, establishing Aikido Renshinkai (合気道錬身会) in 2008.[13] References[edit] - ^ Shioda, G. Aikido Jinsei: My Life in Aikido. Trans. Payet & Johnston. - ^ Pranin, S. "Morihei Ueshiba and Gozo Shioda." Aikido Journal, December 2011. - ^ a b http://www.aikidojournal.com/article?articleID=100 - ^ a b http://www.aikidojournal.com/article?articleID=313 - ^ http://www.misogikan.com/en/what-is-aikido/personalities/78-interview-with-hanshi-kyoichi-inoue - ^ Aikido Yoshinkan Canada - Iaido - ^ Yoshinkan Aikido Ryu uchi deshi program - ^ Aikido Mugenjuku Kenshusei Course - ^ "Hanshi INOUE KYOICHI". Aikido Renshinkai Misogikan Dojo. Retrieved 2 September 2010. - ^ "合氣道親和館井上強一館長". Aikido Shinwakan. Retrieved 2 September 2010. - ^ "Aikido, the Yoshinkan way". Fitness Japan. Retrieved 2 September 2010. - ^ "Multimedia > Video Clips > Tsutomu Chida Sensei". Aikiweb. Retrieved 2 September 2010. - ^ "千田務最高師範". Aikido Renshinkai (NPO法人 合気道錬身会). Retrieved 2 September 2010. External links[edit] - (English) Aikido Yoshinkan Headquarters Dojo