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Калохортус Калохортус е род включващ около 70 вида тревисти, многогодишни, едносемеделни, зимоустойчиви растения, чиито подземен орган е дребна луковица. Много от тях са застрашени. Родът е разпространен от Британска Колумбия към Гватемала, източно до Небраска. Калохортусът е най-разпространения в див вид представител на познатото сем. Кремови из тихоокеанското крайбрежие на Северна Америка. 28 от видовете са ендемити само за Калифорния. Думата "Calochortus" идва от гръцки език и означава "красива трева", тъй като това растение притежава фини, тънки стъбла и листа. От една луковица могат да избият няколко цвята. Повечето видове цъфтят пролетта, но има и такива, които го правят през късно лято. За разлика от повечето представители на сем.Кремови, род Calochortus има различни по устройство венчелистчета, които са общо 6. На пръв поглед се виждат само 3 широки, власинести към центъра, но между тях се разполагат и още 3, които обаче са по — малки, елипсовидни и притежават различна шарка. Цветът може да е жълт, розов, пурпурен, лилав, бял или баграта да бъде многоцветна. Някои индианци са използвали луковиците за храна. Калохортусът също така е много красиво цвете, което се използва като декоративно растение. Видът Calochortus nuttallii е щатското, официално цвете на щата Юта. Видове[редактиране | редактиране на кода] - Calochortus albus - Calochortus amabilis - Calochortus ambiguus - Calochortus amoenus - Calochortus apiculatus - Calochortus argillosus - Calochortus aureus - Calochortus barbatus - Calochortus bruneaunis - Calochortus catalinae - Calochortus clavatus - Calochortus coeruleus - Calochortus concolor - Calochortus coxii - Calochortus dunnii - Calochortus elegans - Calochortus flexuosus - Calochortus greenei - Calochortus gunnisonii - Calochortus howellii - Calochortus indecorus - Calochortus invenustus - Calochortus kennedyi - Calochortus leichtlinii - Calochortus longebarbatus - Calochortus luteus - Calochortus lyallii - Calochortus macrocarpus - Calochortus minimus - Calochortus monanthus - Calochortus monophyllus - Calochortus nitidus - Calochortus nudus - Calochortus nuttallii - Calochortus obispoensis - Calochortus palmeri - Calochortus panamintensis - Calochortus persistens - Calochortus plummerae - Calochortus pulchellus - Calochortus raichei - Calochortus simulans - Calochortus splendens - Calochortus striatus - Calochortus subalpinus - Calochortus superbus - Calochortus tiburonensis - Calochortus tolmiei - Calochortus umbellatus - Calochortus umpquaensis - Calochortus uniflorus - Calochortus venustus - Calochortus vestae - Calochortus weedii - Calochortus westonii
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Calochortus nuttallii Calochortus nuttallii, with the common name sego lily, is a bulbous perennial which is endemic to the Western United States. It is the state flower of Utah.[2] Contents Distribution[edit] The plant is native to a number of western states including Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico.[3] Description[edit] Calochortus nuttallii are around 15–45 cm (6–18 inches) in height and have linear leaves.[3] Plants have 1 to 4 flowers, each with 3 white petals (and 3 sepals) which are tinged with lilac (occasionally magenta) and have a purplish band radiating from the yellow base. A yellow petaled form with deep purple bands is known from Petrified Forest National Park.[4] The plant blooms in early summer, with flowers that can be up to 3 inches across.[5][6] Taxonomy[edit] Calochortus nuttallii is a species within the genus Calochortus, in a sub-group generally referred to as Mariposa Lilies. The specific epithet nuttallii, named for the English botanist and zoologist, Thomas Nuttall, was ascribed to the species by the American botanists John Torrey and Asa Gray when it was officially described in 1857. A number of former varieties of Calochortus nuttallii have been reclassified as distinct species: - Calochortus nuttallii var. aureus (S. Watson) Ownbey is currently Calochortus aureus S. Watson - Calochortus nuttallii var. australis Munz is currently Calochortus invenustus Greene - Calochortus nuttallii var. bruneaunis (A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr.) Ownbey is currently Calochortus bruneaunsis A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr. - Calochortus nuttallii var. leichtlinii (Hook.f.) Smiley is currently Calochortus leichtlinii Hook.f. - Calochortus nuttallii var. panamintensis Ownbey is currently Calochortus panamintensis (Ownbey) Reveal - Calochortus nuttallii var. subalpinus M.E. Jones is currently Calochortus leichtlinii Hook.f Uses[edit] Culinary[edit] Native Americans had culinary uses for the bulbs, seeds, and flowers of the plant. Bulbs were roasted, boiled, or made into a porridge by the Hopi, Havasupai, Navajo, Paiute, Gosiute, and Ute peoples.[8][9][10] The Hopi used the yellow flower used ceremonially. They taught the Mormon pioneer immigrants to use the bulb for badly needed food. This resulted in the sego lily being formally designated as the Utah State Flower in 1911.[11] Cultivation[edit] Calochortus nuttallii is cultivated as an ornamental plant for its attractive tulip-shaped flowers and to attract/support native pollinator species.[12] It prefers a deep, sandy soil with good drainage, and is cold-hardy. Plants can be propagated from newly formed bulblets which take two years to flower.[13] References[edit] - ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families - ^ a b Source: "Our State Flowers: The Floral Emblems Chosen by the Commonwealths", The National Geographic Magazine, XXXI (June 1917), p. 512. - ^ a b "Calochortus nuttallii". Flora of North America. eFloras.org. - ^ Northern Arizona University: Petrified Forest Nat'l Park, Arizona. Yellow Sego Lilies (Calochortus nuttalli) - ^ NPIN: Calochortus nuttalli - ^ Extension.usu.edu: Range Plants of Utah − Sego Lily - ^ "Calochortus nuttallii". electronic Plant Information Centre (ePIC). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. - ^ University of Michigan at Dearborn: Native American Ethnobotany of Calochortus nuttallii - ^ "Mariposa Lily (Calochortus nuttallii)". Native Wildflowers of the North Dakota Grasslands. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. - ^ Chamberlin, R.V.. "The Ethno-botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah" (PDF). Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association Vol II, part 5. - ^ "Utah State Flower". Netstate.com. - ^ NPIN: Calochortus nuttallii - ^ "Calachotus nuttalli". Plants for a Future. External links[edit] - Data related to Sego lily (Calochortus nuttallii) at Wikispecies - Media related to Sego lily (Calochortus nuttallii) at Wikimedia Commons - United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile for Calochortus nuttallii (sego lily) - Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas, NPIN−Native Plant Information Network: Calochortus nuttallii