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Йорктаун (CV-10) "Йорктаун" (на английски: USS Yorktown (CV-10))) е американски самолетоносач клас "Есекс" от Втората световна война. Първоначално той е трябвало да носи името "Bon Homme Richard", но по време на строежа е решено да го прекръстят на "Йорктаун" в чест на Йорктаун (CV-5), който на 6 юни 1942 г. е бил потопен от японска подводница. История[редактиране | редактиране на кода] Започнат е на 1 декември 1941 г. в корабостроителницата "Нюпорт нюз" и е завършен на 21 януари 1943 г. и пуснат в експлоатация на 15 април 1943 г. На 24 юли 1943 г. пристига във военната база в Пърл Харбър. Той е участвал в много битки в Тихоокеанската война, след което получава 11 бойни звезди. След краят на войната той е обновен частично и е причислен към 7-ма флота в Тихият океан.На 28 декември 1958 г. помага на жителите на японският град "Конийя", който са пострадали от силен пожар.На 10 юни 1960 г. спасява 53 души от потъналият британски кораб "Шум Ли" край Фелипините като изпраща военни хеликоптери до пострадалите. От 23 октомври 1964 г. до 16 май 1965 г., от 6 януари 1966 г. до 27 юли 1966 г. и 28 декември 1967 г. до 5 юли 1968 г. взема участие във войната във Виетнам. На 27 декември 1968 г. взима участие при прибирането на астронавтите от мисията Аполо 8 на НАСА, които са правели полет около Луната. Изведен е от експлоатация на 1 юни 1973 г.. На 13 ноември 1975 г. е отворен за посетители като плаващ музей в Чарлстън (Южна Каролина).
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USS Bon Homme Richard (CV-31) USS Bon Homme Richard (CV/CVA-31) was one of 24 Essex-class aircraft carriers completed during or shortly after World War II for the United States Navy. She was the second US Navy ship to bear the name, being named for John Paul Jones's famous Revolutionary War frigate by the same name. Jones had named that ship, usually rendered in more correct French as Bonhomme Richard, to honor Benjamin Franklin, the American Commissioner at Paris, whose Poor Richard's Almanac had been published in France under the title Les Maximes du Bonhomme Richard. Bon Homme Richard was commissioned in November 1944, and served in the final campaigns of the Pacific Theater of Operations, earning one battle star. Decommissioned shortly after the end of the war, she was modernized and recommissioned in the early 1950s as an attack carrier (CVA). In her second career she operated exclusively in the Pacific, playing a prominent role in the Korean War, for which she earned five battle stars, and the Vietnam War. She was decommissioned in 1971, and scrapped in 1992. Contents Construction and Commissioning[edit] Bon Homme Richard (CV-31) was laid down on 1 February 1943 at the New York Navy Yard, being the first Essex-class carrier to be built at the New York Navy Yard.[1][nb 1] She was launched 29 April 1944 by Mrs. John S. McCain, wife of Vice Admiral John S. McCain, Sr.. The ship was commissioned 26 November 1944, with Captain A. O. Rule, Jr. as her first commander.[3] Service history[edit] World War II[edit] Bon Homme Richard departed Norfolk, Virginia on 19 March 1945 to join the Pacific Fleet and arrived at Pearl Harbor on 5 April 1945. Following additional training in Hawaiian waters, the carrier joined TF 38 off Okinawa on 6 June 1945 with Carrier Air Group 91 (CVG-91) aboard. During 7–10 June she joined in the attacks on Okidaitōjima and then served with the 3rd Fleet during the air strikes against Japan from 2 July to 15 August. She remained off Japan until 16 September 1945 and after a short training period off Guam, proceeded to San Francisco, arriving 20 October. She left San Francisco 29 October and steamed to Pearl Harbor to undergo conversion for troop transport duty. From 8 November 1945 to 16 January 1946 she made trans-Pacific voyages, returning servicemen to the United States. She was thereafter generally inactive until decommissioning on 9 January 1947. She was mothballed at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, Washington. Korean War[edit] The outbreak of the Korean War on 25 June 1950 called Bon Homme Richard back to active duty. She recommissioned on 15 January 1951 in an unmodernised state and joined TF 77 off Korea on 29 May and launched the first air strikes of CVG-102 on 31 May. Bon Homme Richard continued operations with TF 77 until 20 November 1951. The carrier reached San Diego in mid-December and on 20 May 1952 was off again to the Far East, this time with CVG-7. She joined TF 77 once more on 23 June and took part in the heavy strikes against the Sui-ho Dam on 24–25 June and the amphibious feint at Kojo from 12 to 16 October. She continued operations against North Korean targets until 18 December 1952 and then steamed to San Francisco where she arrived 8 January 1953. Her classification was changed from CV-31 to CVA-31 on 1 October 1952. Modernization and Cold War[edit] Bon Homme Richard then went out of commission on 15 May 1953 preparatory to modernization at the San Francisco Naval Shipyard. She was one of three Essex-class carriers to receive the SCB-27C and SCB-125 modernizations on one refit. Bon Homme Richard emerged from the shipyard with an angled and strengthened flight deck, enclosed "hurricane" bow, steam catapults, a new island, wider beam and many other improvements. She completed her conversion period 31 October 1955 and commenced sea trials in the Alameda-San Diego area. She was recommissioned on 6 September 1955 and began the first of a long series of 7th Fleet deployments on 16 August 1956 with CVG-21 embarked. CVG-5 reported aboard for the 1957 deployment, before CVG-19 reported aboard for the next six deployments in 1958–1959, 1959–1960, 1961, 1962–1963, 1964, and 1965-66. The 1964 cruise included a voyage into the Indian Ocean. The Bon Homme Richard also had been in the Indian Ocean for a goodwill trip to Bombay, India at the direction of President Eisenhower during the 1959-1960 Pacific cruise. Vietnam War[edit] Admiral George Stephen Morrison, father of The Doors lead singer Jim Morrison, flew his flag on Bon Homme Richard during the Tonkin Gulf Incident. The Vietnam War escalation in early 1965 brought Bon Homme Richard into a third armed conflict, and she deployed on five Southeast Asia combat tours over the next six years. Her aircraft battled North Vietnamese MiGs on many occasions, downing several, as well as striking transportation and infrastructure targets. Occasional excursions to other Asian areas provided some variety to her operations. Carrier Air Wing 21 (CVW-21) joined the Bonnie Dick for the 1967 deployment to Vietnam. CVW-5 was aboard again for the last three deployments in 1968, 1969, and 1970. In 1970, at the request of the South Vietnamese government, the Bon Homme Richard docked at Da Nang harbour to show the alleged pacification of the region. This was the first U.S. capital ship to do so. Bon Homme Richard was ordered inactivated at the end of her 1970 deployment. She was decommissioned on 2 July 1971, becoming part of the Reserve Fleet at Bremerton, Washington. Following 20 years in mothballs, she was sold for scrap in March 1992. She was scrapped at Southwest Marine's yard in San Pedro, California. Awards[edit] Bon Homme Richard received one battle star for her World War II service, and five for the Korean War and the Vietnam War.[4] She also received the presidential unit citation from president Richard Nixon. References[edit] - ^ The second Essex-class carrier, CV-10, was laid down as the Bon Homme Richard in December 1941, but was renamed USS Yorktown in September 1942, following the loss of the earlier Yorktown in the Battle of Midway and prior to CV-10's launch in January 1943.[1][2] - ^ a b Gardiner and Chesneau 1980, p. 104. - ^ "Yorktown (CV-10) iv". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Washington DC: Naval Historical Center. Retrieved 17 January 2015. - ^ "Bon Homme Richard (CV-31) ii". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Washington DC: Naval Historical Center. 17 December 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2015. - ^ http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=71863 - Gardiner, Robert and Roger Chesneau. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1922–46. London: Conway Maritime Press, 1980. - This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.