https___en.m.wikipedia.org_wiki_Stone_Town_1.xml
1.1 2.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.1 6.1 7.1 8.1 8.2 8.3 9.1 10.1 11.1 11.2 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 14.1 14.2 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 16.1 17.1 17.2 17.3 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 19.1 19.2 20.1 21.1 22.1 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 24.1 24.2 25.1 25.2 26.1 27.1 28.1 29.1 30.1 30.2 31.1 32.1 33.1 34.1 34.2 35.1 36.1 36.2 37.1 37.2 38.1 39.1 39.2 40.1 41.1 42.1 42.2 42.3 43.1 43.2 44.1 45.1 46.1 47.1 48.1 49.1 50.1 51.1 52.1 53.1 54.1 55.1 56.1 57.1 58.1 59.1 60.1 60.2 61.1 62.1 63.1 64.1
Каменен град (Занзибар) Каменният град, известен с английското си име Стоун Таун (Stone Town) или като Мджи Мконгуе (от суахили: „стар град“) е старата част на град Занзибар, разположен за остров Унгуджа (Занзибар), архипелага Занзибар, днес в Танзания. През XIX век е бил столица на Занзибарското султанство и процъфтяващ център на търговията с подправки и роби и запазва статута си като център на архипелага по време на колониалния период. Когато през 1946 г. Занзибар се обединява с колониалната територия Танганика (Танганайка), формирайки Обединена република Танзания, островите получават полуавтономен статут. В Каменния град се помещава правителството на Занзибар. Каменният град е от голямо истурическо и културно значение за Източна Африка. Архитектурата му, датираща най-вече от XIX век, представлява уникална смесица от местната култура суахили и елементи от мавританската, арабската, персийската, индийската и европейската култура. По тази причина през 2000 г. е включен в списъка на Световното наследство на ЮНЕСКО. Поради историческата си значимост Каменният град е голяма туристическа атракция за Танзания и голяма част от икономиката на областта разчита на туризма. Съдържание Географско положение[редактиране | edit source] Каменният град се намира приблизително в средата на западния бряг на остров Унгуджа, на малък нос, вдлъбнат в Занзибарския проток. Най-близкото голямо селище на отсрещния танзанийски бряг е Багамойо.[1] Освен Каменния град, Занзибар включва и новата част Нгамбо (от Суахили „другата страна“), който се простича на югоизток във вътрешността на острова. Двете част се разделят от шосето „Крийк Роуд“.[2] История[редактиране | edit source] Първите каменни домове са построени най-вероятно през 30-те години на XIX век върху основите на по-старо рибарско селище.[3] По това време Занзибар под контрола на Султанство Оман. През 1840 г. султан Саид бин Султан мести столицата си от Маскат (столица на съвременен Оман) в Каменния град, което поставя началото на период на бързо развитие в новата столица. През 1861 г. след междуособици в оманското владетелско семейство, Оман и Занзибар се разделят, като последният става независимо султанство с владетел султан Маджид бин Саид. През XIX век Занзибар процъфтява като център на търговията. Отличителни стоки са подправките (най-вече детелина) и робите (виж Африканска търговия с роби). Към средата на века султанът поддържа добри отношения с Великобритания. Например пътешественикът Дейвид Ливингстън през 1866 г. се е подготвял за третата си експедиция във вътрешността на Източна Африка на архипелага. В този период, като резултат от търговската дейност на Занзибар, в града се появяват имигрантски общност от Оман, Персия и Индия. В края на века занзибарските султани постепенно губят притежанията си в Източна Африка (Зендж) от германците и британците. През 1890 г., според Занзибарския договор, самият архипелаг Занзибар става британски протекторат. През 1896 г. внезапен бунт на местното арабско население срещу британското управление води до Англо-занзибарската война, останала в историята като най-кратката войнба на човечеството. Султан Халид бин Баргаш се предава след едва 45 минути военноморски обстрел. По време на британското управление Занзибар си остава важен търговски център, въпреки че колониалните управници подпомагат Момбаса и Дар ес Салаам като техни търговски пристанища в Източна Африка. През 1897 г. е забранена търговията с роби. През 1964 г. Каменния град е център на Занзибарската революция, която довежда до свалянето на султан Джамшид бин Абдула и създаването на социалистическо правителство на партията Афроширази. След революцията от острова бягат групи от араби и индийци. След като Танганика и Занзибар се обединяват в Танзания, Каменният град става седалище на правителството на архипелага, който придобива полуавтономен статут. Архитектура[редактиране | edit source] Основната част на Каменния град е лабиринт от тесни улички, край които са разположени къщи, магазини, базари и джамии. Тъй като по-голямата част от пътната мрежа е твърде тясна за автомобили, основните начини за придвижване са велосипед и мотоциклет. При крайбрежието има по-широки улици и по-последователно разположени сгради. Архитектурата на Каменния град има множество характерни черти, резултат от смесицата на арабски, персийски, европейски, индийски и африкански елементи. Името идва от кораловия камък, най-използвания строителен материл в комплекса, който придава на сградите топъл червеникав цвят.[4][5] Традиционни сгради са бараза, които се характеризират с дълга издигната каменна пътечка около стената, която се използва, ако при големи дъждове улиците се наводнят и станат неизползваеми за ходене, а иначе се използва ката пейка, където се сяда, почива се и се водят разговори.[6] Други характерни черти на сградите са големите тераси, обградени с дървени огради (балюстради). Най-известната черта на занзибарските къщи са пищно декорираните дървени врати с резби и релефи, като могат да се различат индийски (с кръгъл връх)[5] и омански (с правоъгълен връх) стилове. Най-често резбите са цитати от Корана, но се срещат и други орнаменти, например лотоси, символи на възход.[4] Освен къщите с ионтересни архитектурни черти, Каменния град е дом на множество големи исторически здания, някои от които са около крайбрежието. Таскива са дворците на султана, укрепленията, църквите, джамиите и административните сгради. Въпреки че през 2000 г. комплексът е включен в Световното наследство на ЮНЕСКО,[5] над 80 % от сградите в него са в лошо състояние.[7] Забележителности[редактиране | edit source] Исторически сгради[редактиране | edit source] - Домът на чудесата (Дворец на чудесата, Бейт ал-Аджайб) - дворец на занзибарските султани. Силно засегнат от бомбардировките по време на Англо-занзибарската война (1896). След революцията (1964) става седалище на партията Афроширази. Днес музей, една от най-известните туристически дестинации в комплекса - Стара крепост - арабска крепост от XVII век. Днес е културен център с магазини, работилници и малка сцена за провеждане на музикални събития. - Старият диспансер (Диспансер Итнашири)[3] - първо благотворителна болница за бедните, впоследствие диспансер. Смятана за една от най-красиво украсените сгради в комплекса[5] - Дворцов музей (Бейт ел Сахел) - бивш султански дворец по крайбрежието[5] - Христова църква - англиканска катедрала[4] - Катедрала „Свети Йосиф“ - католическа катедрала - Персийски бани Хамамни - обществени бани, построени по времето на султан Баргаш бин Саид от персийски архитекти - Къща на Дейвид Ливингстън - малък султански дворец. Дейвид Ливингстън отсяда там през 1866 г., подготвяйки се за експедиция в Източна Африка - Къща на Типу Тип - голяма каменна къща, притежавана от търговеца на роби Типу Тип (Хамад бин Мохамед бин Джума бин Реджеб бин Мохамед бин Саид ал-Мургаби) - Зала на справедливостта - бивш съдебен орган, сградата съчетава ислямски и португалски архитектурни елементи - Ага хан джамия - голяма джамия, комбинира ислямски и готически елементи - Малинди джамия - една от най-старите джамии в Занзибар. Има конично минаре, едно от трите подобни в Източна Африка Други забележителности[редактиране | edit source] - Градини Фородхани - малък парк в Каменния град, пред Дома на чудесата и Старата крепост. В нея се продават традиционни занзибарски ястия.[3] - Пазар Дараджани - главен пазар (базар) в Каменния град. Построен през 1904 г. и впоследствие разширен.[5] - Мемориален музей на мира - показва различни епизоди от историята на Занзибар - Голямото дърво - голям фикус пред Стария диспансер. Популярен е като място за срещи. - Чангуу (Затворнически остров) - известен с популацията си на Алдабранска гигантска костенурка (Aldabrachelys gigantea) Транспорт[редактиране | edit source] Основната форма на обществен транспорт е даладала, вид маршрутка. Основната стоянка е пред пазара Дараджани. Даладала свързват Каменния град с някои близки селища, например село Бубубуна север, летището, стадион Амаан, Джангомбе и Магомени.[8] За по-дълги пътувания се използват „мабаси“ или „баси“, вид автобус, които имат линии до Мкокотони, Мангапуани, Бумбуини, Кизимбани, Падже, Киуенгуа и Матемуе.[8] В Каменния град има и малко летище, което извършва полети до градове в континентална Танзания (например Аруша и Дар ес Салаам), както и международни - до Момбаса, Найроби и Йоханесбург. Фериботи свързват Занзибар с Дар ес Салаам и остров Пемба.[9] Климат[редактиране | edit source] Личности[редактиране | edit source] - Фреди Меркюри (роден Фарух Булсара) - английски музикант, вокалист на групата Куийн - Ал-Мухсин ал-Баруани - първи външен министър на независим Занзибар - Дейвид Ливингстън - английски изследовател, мисионер и колониалист - Типу Тип - богат търговец на роби Източници[редактиране | edit source] - ↑ Map of Stone Town - ↑ An introduction to Zanzibar Town - ↑ а б в Stone Town at zanzibar.cc - ↑ а б в Independent Travel Guide to Zanzibar - ↑ а б в г д е Stone Town - Zanzibar Town - ↑ Stone Town at Overland Africa - ↑ ICOMOS Heritage at Risk 2000 - ↑ а б Zanzibar Island transportation - ↑ Zanzibar Ferries - ↑ MSN Weather. // Посетен на February 19, 2008. Външни препратки[редактиране | edit source] - Каменният град - обект на ЮНЕСКО - Портал на Занзибар за преброяването на населението от 2002 г. - „Странник в рая: Място, което да наречеш дом, в Каменния град“ от Кристофър Вурлиъс, World Hum, 15 юни 2009 г.
1.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1 5.1 6.1 7.1 7.2 7.3 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 9.1 10.1 10.2 10.3 11.1 12.1 13.1 14.1 15.1 16.1 17.1 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 21.1 22.1 22.2 22.3 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 23.6 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 25.1 26.1 26.2 27.1 27.2 27.3 28.1 29.1 29.2 29.3 30.1 31.1 31.2 31.3 32.1 33.1 34.1 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 35.5 36.1 36.2 36.3 37.1 37.2 37.3 38.1 39.1 39.2 40.1 40.2 40.3 41.1 41.2 42.1 43.1 43.2 43.3 43.4 44.1 44.2 44.3 45.1 45.2 46.1 47.1 47.2 47.3 48.1 49.1 50.1 51.1 52.1 53.1 54.1 55.1 56.1 56.2 56.3 57.1 57.2 58.1 58.2 59.1 60.1 60.2 61.1 62.1 62.2 63.1 63.2 63.3 64.1 64.2 64.3 65.1 65.2 65.3 66.1 66.2 66.3 67.1 67.2 68.1 68.2 68.3 69.1 69.2 70.1 70.2 70.3 71.1 71.2 71.3 71.4 72.1 72.2 73.1 73.2 74.1 74.2 75.1 75.2 76.1 76.2 77.1 77.2 78.1 78.2 78.3 79.1 79.2 80.1 81.1 81.2 82.1 82.2 83.1 83.2 84.1 84.2 85.1 85.2 86.1 87.1 87.2 88.1 88.2 89.1 89.2 90.1 90.2 91.1 91.2 92.1 92.2 93.1 94.1 95.1 96.1 97.1 98.1 99.1
Stone Town Stone Town, also known as Mji Mkongwe (Swahili for "old town"), is the old part of Zanzibar City, the main city of Zanzibar, in Tanzania. The newer portion of the city is known as Ng'ambo, Swahili for 'the other side'. Stone Town is located on the western coast of Unguja, the main island of the Zanzibar Archipelago. Former capital of the Zanzibar Sultanate, and flourishing centre of the spice trade as well as the slave trade in the 19th century, it retained its importance as the main city of Zanzibar during the period of the British protectorate.[1] When Tanganyika and Zanzibar joined each other to form the United Republic of Tanzania, Zanzibar kept a semi-autonomous status, with Stone Town as its local government seat. Stone Town is a city of prominent historical and artistic importance in East Africa. Its architecture, mostly dating back to the 19th century, reflects the diverse influences underlying the Swahili culture, giving a unique mixture of Arab, Persian, Indian and European elements. For this reason, the town was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000.[2] Due to its heritage, Stone Town is also a major visitor attraction in Tanzania, and a large part of its economy depends on tourism-related activities.[3] Contents OverviewEdit The heart of Stone Town mostly consists of a maze of narrow alleys lined by houses, shops, bazaars and mosques. Since most streets are too narrow for cars, the town is crowded with bicycles and motorbikes. The seafront has wider streets and larger, more regularly placed buildings. Stone Town's architecture has a number of distinctive features, as a result of Arab, Persian, Indian, European, and African traditions mixing together. The name "Stone Town" comes from the ubiquitous use of coral stone as the main construction material; this stone gives the town a characteristic, reddish warm colour.[4][5] Traditional buildings have a baraza, a long stone bench along the outside walls; this is used as an elevated sidewalk if heavy rains make the streets impracticable, or otherwise as benches to sit down, rest, socialize.[6] Another key feature of most buildings is large verandas protected by carved wooden balustrades. The most well-known feature of Zanzibari houses are the finely decorated wooden doors, with rich carvings and bas-reliefs, sometimes with big brass studs of Indian tradition.[5] Two main types of doors can be distinguished: those of Indian style have rounded tops, while those in the Omani Arab style are rectangular. Carvings are often Islamic in content (for example, many consist of verses of the Qur'an), but other symbolism is occasionally used, e.g., Indian lotus flowers as emblems of prosperity.[4] Besides having interesting architectural features in most of its houses, Stone Town is punctuated with major historical buildings, several of which are found on the seafront; these include former palaces of the sultans, fortifications, churches, mosques, and other institutional buildings. While Stone Town was included in UNESCO's World Heritage Sites in 2000, this designation does not provide complete protection for the town's heritage. Despite the establishment of a Conservation Authority,[5] about 80% of the 1,709 buildings of Stone Town are in a deteriorating condition.[7] As coral stone is very friable, frequent maintenance is needed for most of these buildings. Some major restoration projects (especially on the seafront) have been done in recent times by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC). HistoryEdit Portuguese Empire 1503–1698 Sultanate of Oman 1698–1856 Sultanate of Zanzibar 1856–1890 British Empire 1890–1963 Republic of Zanzibar 1964-1964 Medieval ZanzibarEdit A Greco-Roman text between the 1st and 3rd centuries, the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, mentioned the island of Menuthias (Ancient Greek: Mevouθιάς), which is probably Unguja.[8] Zanzibar, like the nearby coast, was settled by Bantu-speakers at the outset of the first millennium. Archaeological finds at Fukuchani, on the north-west coast of Zanzibar, indicate a settled agricultural and fishing community from the 6th century CE at the latest. The considerable amount of daub found indicates timber buildings, and shell beads, bead grinders, and iron slag have been found at the site. There is evidence for limited engagement in long-distance trade: a small amount of imported pottery has been found, less than 1% of total pottery finds, mostly from the Gulf and dated to the 5th to 8th century. The similarity to contemporary sites such as Mkokotoni and Dar es Salaam indicate a unified group of communities that developed into the first center of coastal maritime culture. The coastal towns, including those on Zanzibar, appear to have been engaged in Indian Ocean trade at this early period. Trade rapidly increased in importance and quantity beginning in the mid-8th century and by the close of the 10th century Zanzibar was one of the central Swahili trading towns.[9] Shangani, the original fishing town that developed into Stone Town, was a small, largely unimportant Swahili site founded in the 11th century. Bigger towns at Unguja Ukuu, Kizimkazi, and Tumbatu were the island's powers from the 8th to the 16th century. The Portuguese built a church at Shangani in the early 16th century, and the Queen of northern Unguja had a house built there in the mid-17th century. When the Portuguese were ousted by Zanzibaris and Pembans in the 17th century, local patricians invited the Sultan of Oman to wield political power in exchange for defense against Portuguese reprisals. Part of the Portuguese church was built into the Omani fort, which housed roughly fifty soldiers. The Sultan also appointed a local governor, but political authority was still largely vested in the Mwinyi Mkuu, at this time Queen Fatima.[10] Excavations at nearby Pemba Island, but especially at Shanga in the Lamu Archipelago, provide the clearest picture of architectural development. Houses were originally built with timber (c. 1050) and later in mud with coral walls (c. 1150). The houses were continually rebuilt with more permanent materials. By the 13th century, houses were built with stone, and bonded with mud, and the 14th century saw the use of lime to bond stone. Only the wealthier patricians would have had stone and lime built houses, the strength of the materials allowing for flat roofs, while the majority of the population lived in single-story thatched houses similar to those from the 11th and 12th centuries. According to Tom Middleton and Mark Horton, the architectural style of these stone houses have no Arab or Persian elements, and should be viewed as an entirely indigenous development of local vernacular architecture. While much of Zanzibar Town's architecture was rebuilt during Omani rule, nearby sites elucidate the general development of Swahili, and Zanzibari, architecture before the 15th century.[11] Omani DominionEdit Stone Town is located along a natural harbour and the first Europeans to set foot on the island of Zanzibar were the Portuguese. The Portuguese ruled the island for over 2 centuries and began constructing Stone Town's first stone structure, the Old Fort.[12] However, towards the end of the 17th century the Sultanate of Oman took over the island and completed the fort to prevent future attacks. The first stone houses in Stone Town probably began to be built in the 1830s, gradually replacing an earlier fishing village around the Old Fort.[13] At the time the Sultanate of Oman controlled the Zanzibar Archipelago, Mombasa and the Swahili coast. In 1840, Sultan Said bin Sultan moved his seat from Muscat, Oman, to Stone Town, which thus entered an era of quick development as the new capital of the Sultanate of Oman and Zanzibar. With the British outlawing the slave trade in the Indian Ocean, the Sultanate's fortunes crashed. The Muscat economy was in shambles and many Omani's migrated to Zanzibar. The increase in the Arab population on the island facilitated further growth and more buildings began to spring up in the town. Furthermore, grand royal structures like the House of Wonders and the Sultan's Palace were also built. In 1861, as a consequence of a war of succession within the Omani royal family, Zanzibar and Oman were separated, with Zanzibar becoming an independent sultanate under Sultan Majid bin Said. In the 19th century Stone Town flourished as a trading centre. It was especially renowned for the commerce of spices (mostly cloves) and slaves. Around middle of the century, the sultanate had a close relationship with the British; David Livingstone, for example, is known to have stayed in Stone Town in 1866 while he was preparing his final expedition into the interior of East Africa.[14] In the same period, several immigrant communities from Oman, Persia and India formed as a consequence of the town's intense commercial activity. The Sultan of Zanzibar encouraged immigration of foreign traders who became very wealthy and settled in the city who brought diversity to the cities architecture.[15] Colonial ControlEdit In the last decades of the century, the Sultans of Zanzibar gradually lost their possessions in mainland East Africa to the German Empire and the United Kingdom. In 1890, with the Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty, Zanzibar itself became a British protectorate.[16] In 1896, a sudden rebellion of the Zanzibari Omanis against the British rule led to the Anglo-Zanzibar War, which is remembered as the shortest war in history: the Sultan surrendered after 45 minutes of naval bombardment of Stone Town by the Royal Navy.[17] During the period of British protection, the Sultan still retained some power and Stone Town remained a relatively important trading centre for the informal trade. Though the town previously had a small railway the British constructed a railway from the Town to Bububu village. The British did not fund major developments in the town and allowed the sultan to manage the islands affairs from stone town.[18] The British gave privileges to Mombasa and Dar es Salaam as their trading stations in East Africa. Zanzibar RevolutionEdit In 1964, Stone Town was the theater of the Zanzibar Revolution that caused the removal of the sultan and the birth of a socialist government led by the Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP). Over 20,000 people were killed and refugees, especially Arabs and Indians, escaped the island as a consequence of the revolution.[19] The Arabs and Indians left behind everything they had and the ASP quickly occupied old homes and converted them into public buildings. In 1964 when Tanganyika and Zanzibar combined to form Tanzania, Stone Town kept its role as a capital and government seat for Zanzibar, which was declared to be a semi-autonomous part of the new nation. GeographyEdit Stone Town is located roughly in the middle of the west coast of Unguja, on a small promontory protruding into the Zanzibar Channel. The closest major settlement on the Tanzanian coast, opposite to Stone Town, is Bagamoyo (to the south-west).[20] Stone Town is part of Zanzibar City, that also comprises the "New City" of Ng'ambo ("the Other Side"), which mostly extends in the interior of Unguja to the south-east. The ideal dividing line between Stone Town and Ng'ambo is Creek Road.[21] DemographicsEdit LandmarksEdit Historical buildingsEdit - The House of Wonders (or "Palace of Wonders", also known as "Beit-al-Ajaib"), in located on the Mizingani Road along the Stone Town seafront, and is probably the most well-known landmarks of Stone Town. It was built in 1883 and restored after the Anglo-Zanzibar War of 1896. Formerly the Sultan's residence, it became the seat of the Afro-Shirazi Party after the revolution. It was the first building in Zanzibar to have electricity as well as the first building in East Africa to have a lift. Since 2000, its interior has been dedicated to a museum on Swahili and Zanzibar culture.[22] - The Old Fort ("Ngome Kongwe" in Swahili), adjacent to the House of Wonders, is a heavy stone fortress that was built in the 17th century by the Omanis. Also known as the Omani fort it was built by the early rulers to protect the city from European invasions. It has a roughly square shape and the internal courtyard is now a cultural centre with shops, workshops, and a small arena where live dance and music shows are held daily.[13] The fort location is also used for the Zanzibar International Film Festival.[23] - The Old Dispensary (or "Ithnashiri Dispensary")[13] was built from 1887 to 1894 by a wealthy Indian trader, to serve as a charity hospital for the poor but was later used as a dispensary. It is one of the most finely decorated buildings of Stone Town, with large carved wooden balconies, stained-glass windows, and neo-classical stucco adornments. After falling into decay in the 1970s and 1980s, the building was accurately restored by the AKTC.[24] - The Palace Museum (also known as the "Sultan's Palace", "Beit el-Sahel" in Arab) is another former sultan's palace, on the seafront, to the north of the House of Wonders.[25] It was built in late 19th century and now hosts a museum about the daily life of the Zanzibari royal family, including items that belonged to Sayyida Salme, a former Zanzibar princess who fled to relocate in Europe with her husband. - The Anglican cathedral of Christ Church, on Mkunazini Road, was built at the end of the 19th century by Edward Steere, third bishop of Zanzibar.[26] The Cathedral was constructed in a large area at the centre of Stone Town that previously hosted the biggest slave market of Zanzibar; the place was deliberately chosen to celebrate the end of slavery, and the altar was in the exact spot where the main whipping post of the market used to be. A monument to the slaves, as well as a museum on the history of slavery, are besides the church.[27][28] - The Roman Catholic Cathedral of St. Joseph was built by French missionaries between 1893 and 1897. The design of the church was based on that of the Marseille Cathedral, its façade, with two high spires, is one of the most well-known landmarks of Stone Town and can be seen from a distance when sailing into the harbor. The church is still operational today and holds regular mass on Sundays.[13] - The Forodhani Gardens are a small park in the main sea walk of Stone Town, right in front of the Old Fort and the House of Wonders. The garden was recently restored for 3 million dollars by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture.[29] Every evening after sunset the gardens host a popular, tourist-oriented market selling grilled seafood and other Zanzibari recipes which attracts both tourists and locals[13][30] TransportationEdit The streets in Stone Town are very narrow and almost getting anywhere within the town must be done on foot. The narrow streets provide shade and almost everything is accessible from within the town. However, on slightly wider roads historically bicycles and now most recently motor cycles are used to transport people and goods. The town is accessible from Zanzibar and the rest of the region through three possible ports of entry. The main form of public transport in Zanzibar are the daladala share taxis; and the main station is located by the Darajani Market. Daladalas connect Stone Town to several island locations, such as Bububu (a village north of Stone Town), the airport, the Amaan Stadium, Jangombe, and Magomeni.[31] For longer trips, "mabasi" (Swahili for "bus", singular "basi") are available, which are trucks adapted for passenger transport. The main "mabasi" station is also close to the Market and the "mabasi" network stretch across the entire island and is the cheapest form of long distance transit.[32] The main Zanzibar island harbour is in the heart of Stone Town and regular ferries from Dar es Salaam and Pemba connect the town to the mainland.[33] The town is also in close proximity to the Island's major airport. Zanzibar Airport, 9 kilometres (5.6 miles) south of Stone Town has flights to mainland Tanzania (especially Arusha and Dar es Salaam) as well as other African main airports such as Nairobi, Mombasa, and Johannesburg.[34] ClimateEdit Stone Town along with the entire Zanzibar Archipelago experiences a similar climate throughout the year. The island has a hot tropical weather all year round with the hottest months being February and March and the coldest months being July and August. During most months of the year there is significant rainfall with a long rain season spanning from March–May and a shorter rain season from November–December.[35] The lesser dry season occurs between December–February and May–August and consequently is the peak tourist season month due to beach tourism on the island. Famous residentsEdit - Freddie Mercury (Farrokh Bulsara), lead vocalist of British band Queen, was born in Stone Town - Ali Muhsin al-Barwani, first foreign minister of independent Zanzibar - Bi Kidude, singer - David Livingstone, Scottish explorer, missionary and colonialist - Tippu Tip, slave trader GalleryEdit ReferencesEdit - ^ Smith, David; correspondent, Africa. "Zanzibar's slave market is a site made sacred by history". the Guardian. - ^ "Stone Town of Zanzibar - UNESCO World Heritage Centre". whc.unesco.org. - ^ "Zanzibar says we must not rely on tourism - BBC News". BBC News. - ^ a b Independent Travel Guide to Zanzibar - ^ a b c "The Palace Museum, Zanzibar - Zanzibar Travel". www.zanzibartravel.co.za. - ^ Stone Town at Overland Africa - ^ "HERITAGE @ RISK: SOUTHERN AFRICA". www.international.icomos.org. - ^ Francis Barrow Pearce, C.M.G., E. P. (1920). Zanzibar: The Island Metropolis of Eastern Africa. New York City: Dutton and Company. - ^ Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46. - ^ Charles River Editors. "Zanzibar: The History of the International Trade Center off the Coast of Africa." (Charles River Editors, 2016) - ^ Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 119. - ^ "Zanzibar Ngome Kongwe - Zanzibar Old Fort, Zanzibar Excursions". www.utalii.com. - ^ a b c d e "Zanzibar Stone Town Introduction". zanzibar.cc. Retrieved 3 January 2016. - ^ "Dr. David Livingstone - exploring Africa and searching for the source of the nile - doctor Livingstone I presume". Crawfurd Homepage. - ^ ACHBERGER, JESSICA. "Discovering the Rich History of the Indian Ocean World in Zanzibar". The Ultimate History Project. - ^ "Wilhelmine Germany and the First World War, 1890-1918 Anglo-German Treaty [Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty] (July 1, 1890)" (PDF). germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/. German History in Documents and Images. Retrieved 3 January 2016. - ^ "The Shortest War in History - The Anglo Zanzibar War". www.historic-uk.com. - ^ "HISTORY OF ZANZIBAR". www.historyworld.net. - ^ "The forgotten genocide of the Zanzibar revolution - Speak Magazine". Speak Magazine. - ^ "Zanzibar hotels Stone Town suburb". www.zanzibarpalmtours.com. - ^ "An introduction to Zanzibar Town on the island of Zanzibar in Tanzania". www.zanzibar-travel-guide.com. - ^ "House of Wonders and Palace Museum | World Monuments Fund". www.wmf.org. - ^ "East Africa: Shock Cancellation of Sauti Za Busara Music Fest". allAfrica.com. Allafrica. - ^ "Zanzibar Stone Town Projects: From the Old Dispensary to the Stone Town Cultural Centre". www.akdn.org. - ^ Stone Town - Zanzibar Town - ^ "Zanzibar Christians". www.zanzibarhistory.org. - ^ "History & Heritage". Anglican Diocese of Zanzibar. - ^ "Friends Of Zanzibar". Friends Of Zanzibar. - ^ "Aga Khan Trust for Culture Starts US$2.2 million Revitalisation of Forodhani Park in Zanzibar's Historic Stone Town". www.akdn.org. - ^ "Zanzibar Pizza". AFAR Media. - ^ Transportation on the island of Unguja - ^ "Zanzibar Island Transportation". VirtualTourist.com. - ^ "Ferry between Dar es Salaam & Zanzibar - Zanzibar Quest". www.zanzibarquest.com. - ^ "ZANZIBAR AIRPORTS AUTHORITY". zaa.go.tz. - ^ "Climate: Stone Town - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table - Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org. - ^ "MSN Weather". Retrieved December 11, 2017. - ^ "Zanzibar Weather". Retrieved January 3, 2016. External linksEdit - UNESCO Stone Town Site - Stone Town Conservation and Development Authority - Zanzibar Urban District Homepage for the 2002 Tanzania National Census - Stranger in Paradise: Searching for a Place to Call Home in Stone Town by Christopher Vourlias, World Hum, June 15, 2009 - Zanzibar Stone Town & Hotels A travel guide website containing pictures and information about Stone Town as well as a selection of Stone Town Hotels. - Stone Town sites and attractions