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Въглища, природен газ, нефт и отчита 87 процента от световното потребление на първична енергия през 2012 г., като ръстът на потреблението на енергия в световен мащаб продължава да се забавя в резултат на икономическия спад. Относителната тежест на тези енергийни източници продължава да измества, въпреки че промяната е все така леко. Природният газ се увеличава своя дял от световното потребление на първична енергия от 23.8 до 23.9% през 2012 г., въглища нарасна от 29.7 до 29.9%, и петрол падна от 33.4 до 33.1 на сто. Международната агенция по енергетика прогнозира, че до 2017 г. въглищата ще замени петрола като доминиращ основен източник на енергия в световен мащаб. Революцията в шисти в САЩ води до преструктуриране на световните пазари на петрол и газ. Съединените щати се произвежда петрол достигна рекордни нива през 2012 г. и се очаква да изпревари Русия като най-големият производител на петрол и природен газ, комбиниран през 2013 г. в света. Следователно, страната е вносител намалява количества от тези две изкопаеми горива, докато използвате нарастващите нива на природния си газ за производство на електроенергия. Това доведе до ценови различия между американските и европейските пазари на природен газ, които от своя страна накараха европейците да се увеличи използването на въглища за производство на електроенергия. Потреблението на въглища, обаче, е доминиран от Китай, който през 2012 г. за първи път се пада повече от половината от потреблението на въглища в света. Прочетете останалата част на този пост
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New Worldwatch Institute analysis examines the state of the global fossil fuel consumption Washington, D.C.—Coal, natural gas, and oil accounted for 87 percent of global primary energy consumption in 2012, as the growth of worldwide energy use continued to slow due to the economic downturn, according to a new Vital Signs Online trend released by the Worldwatch Institute (www.worldwatch.org). The relative weight of these energy sources keeps shifting, although only slightly. Natural gas increased its share of energy consumption from 23.8 to 23.9 percent during 2012, coal rose from 29.7 to 29.9 percent, and oil fell from 33.4 to 33.1 percent. The International Energy Agency predicts that by 2017, coal will replace oil as the dominant primary energy source worldwide. The shale revolution in the United States is reshaping global oil and gas markets. The United States produced oil at record levels in 2012 and is expected to overtake Russia as the world’s largest producer of oil and natural gas combined in 2013. Consequently, the United States is importing decreasing amounts of these two fossil fuels, while using rising levels of domestic natural gas for power generation. This has led to price discrepancies between the U.S. and European natural gas markets that in turn have prompted Europeans to increase their use of coal power. Coal consumption, however, was dominated by China, which in 2012 for the first time accounted for more than half of the world’s coal use. Global natural gas production grew by 1.9 percent in 2012, dominated by the United States (with 20.4 percent of the total) and Russia (17.6 percent). Other countries accounted for less than 5 percent each of global output. In 2012, coal remained the fastest-growing fossil fuel globally, although at 2.5 percent the increase in consumption was weak relative to the 4.4 percent average of the last decade. China increased its coal use by 6.1 percent, and India by a significant 9.9 percent in 2012. Coal use by members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) declined by 4.2 percent, as an 11.9 percent decline in U.S. consumption outweighed increases of 3.4 percent in the EU and 5.4 percent in Japan. Oil remains the most widely consumed fuel worldwide, but at a growth rate of 0.9 percent it is being outpaced by gas and coal for the third consecutive year. The OECD’s share declined to 50.2 percent of global consumption—the smallest share on record and the sixth decrease in seven years. This reflects declines of 2.3 percent in U.S. consumption and 4.6 percent in EU consumption. By contrast, usage in China and Japan rose by 5.0 and 6.3 percent, respectively. Conversely, global oil production grew by more than twice as much as consumption—2.2 percent, or 100.1 million tons, in 2012. This was due mainly to a rise in U.S. output of 13.9 percent, the highest rate ever. In comparison, Canada, China, and the former Soviet Union saw relatively small increases of 6.8, 2.0, and 0.4 percent, respectively. Consumption of all fossil fuels will likely grow in the future. With increasing hydraulic fracturing of shale gas and many countries interested in displacing coal generation, which has higher greenhouse gas emissions than gas, natural gas use seems well poised to grow. Although some countries are trying to move away from coal use, the incredible growth of coal consumption in China and India will likely make this the main energy resource in the next few years. Although oil may eventually not be the world’s dominant energy resource, its use is expected to grow unless there is a fundamental change in how the world fuels the transportation sector. Further highlights from the report: Natural gas consumption grew by 2.2 percent to 2,987 million tons of oil equivalent (mtoe) in 2012—more than triple the level in 1970. China now accounts for a dominant 47.5 percent of global coal production, followed by the United States (13.4 percent) and India (6 percent). Global oil trade grew by 1.3 percent in 2012 to 2.7 billion tons, equivalent to 62 percent of worldwide output. For more information and to obtain a complimentary copy of “Fossil Fuels Dominate Primary Energy Consumption,” please contact Supriya Kumar at skumar@worldwatch.org. Worldwatch is an independent research organization based in Washington, D.C. that works on energy, resource, and environmental issues. The Institute’s State of the World report is published annually in more than a dozen languages. For more information, visit www.worldwatch.org.