http___fluent-forever.com_bg_the-method__1.xml
http___fluent-forever.com_the-method_.xml
1.1 1.2 2.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4.1 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 7.1 8.1 8.2 8.3 9.1 10.1 10.2 10.3 11.1 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 13.1 14.1 14.2 15.1 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 17.1 18.1 18.2 19.1 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5
If this is your first time here, start with the Lifehacker статия, I Learned to Speak Four Languages in a Few Years: Here’s How. Then come back here and browse through this Methods section, grab a copy of the book and subscribe to Блог! Как да се научи език: Преглед Изучаването на езици е сложен; това е една от причините, които обичам толкова много. Имаш работа с четири отделни, Още свързани умения – четене, писане, слушане и говорене – които от своя страна свързани с хиляди отделни, Още свързани факти – граматически правила, речник думи, произношение правила, и т.н.. Измислянето как да работят по всеки един от тези аспекти поотделно и като цяло е хоби и страст на мина за the last nine years. Докато подробно обсъждане на всеки аспект на този метод е доста материал (следователно предстоящото книга!), това трябва да получите и по пътя си. Започнете с Произношение The greatest challenge in learning a foreign language is the challenge of memory. With thousands of words and grammar rules to remember, you need all the help you can get to retain what you learn. This is where an early focus on pronunciation comes in: if you look into the science of memory, you’ll discover that it’s much harder to remember words you can’t pronounce well. And one of the reasons that foreign languages can be tricky is that they’re пълен of hard-to-pronounce, hard-to-memorize words. You can eliminate that challenge by training your ears from the very beginning. You’ll also get a number of side-benefits: по-добро слушане с разбиране, по-добре речта, по-бързо придобиване речник, и майчин език, които ще продължат да ви говоря на техния език, вместо да премина на английски. So how do you do this? Learning accurate pronunciation takes two main steps: първи, you’ll need to train your ears to hear the new sounds of your target language, и второ, you’ll need to train your mouth to pronounce them. For the first step, I’m in the process of Kickstarting a set of apps that will do the work for you (and designing a free guide to developing those apps yourself for any languages I’m not covering). For the second step – training your mouth – I’ve released a series of videos and flashcard decks to help teach you the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). With its help, you can learn how pronunciation works in your mouth (на английски език), and apply those ideas to your target language. Не Translations В момента се порежете English напълно от своите езикови проучвания е момента, в който започнете да мислите в целевия език. Можете да направите това от първия ден. Като се започне със снимки и завършва до прости дефиниции и запълване-в-празни флаш карти (виж по-долу), можете да се научи на лексика и граматика на езика, без добавена психическо стъпка на превода назад и напред от английски, и всъщност изгради плавност вместо превод способността. Използвайте Anki за лексика и граматика Anki е безплатна програма, софтуер, който разчита на повече от един век на изследвания за доказване, че изучаването на концепцията на интервали (Например, само в дните 1, 4, 10, 20, 35, 60, и т.н.) е много по-ефективен от проучване наведнъж. Anki автоматизира тези интервали, ви показва факти при оптимална пъти, за да ги натиснете по-дълбоко и по-дълбоко в своя дългосрочната памет в най-ниската сума от време е възможно. Това е пряк път към запаметяване, която ви дава пълен контрол над това, което завършва в дългосрочната памет, and it is so efficient that the you will be able to memorize hundreds of flashcards a week in 30-40 минути на ден. Изберете вашия речник Ефективно Компютърна лингвистика ни дава нови инструменти за изучаване езици, и това, което ние открихме, е, че изучаването на първите хиляда най-честите думи на език, ще ви позволи да прочетете 70% на всеки текст, който някога ще срещнете, но ученето през следващите хиляда само ще ви даде 10% още (и следващата хил., 4%). Използвайте това си предимство! Научете първите една или две хиляди най-често срещаните думи, и след това да персонализирате вашите собствени нужди. Защо научите академичен език, ако просто искате да пътувате? Защо да научат езика бизнес, ако просто искате да прочетете академични статии? Изборът ви речник, за да отговарят на нуждите ви прави проучване време много по-ефективно. И какво означава това изглежда като нов език? Етап 1: Научете правилното произношение на езика. This starts with training your ears to hear the sounds of your target language, understanding English pronunciation (Ако приемем, че сте English англоговорящ), and then fine tuning your pronunciation with the help of the IPA (or a good pronunciation book). Трябва да знаете, под звуците на целевия език, как те са различни от английски, и всички, които езиковите си произношение правила. Етап 2: Vocab и граматиката придобиване, не English право Start with my basic word list – a list of extremely frequent words that are easy to visualize. Сложете тези в палубата Anki и да ги научат. След като вече имате няколко думи, за да играят с, започне пускането им заедно. Можете да използвате Google Translate и граматика книга, за да започнете да печелите изречения (но се уверете, че това, което слагате в комплект Anki е без English!), след това получи всичко, което се пише двойно-проверяват lang-8.com. Превръщането им в попълнете в най-празни флашкарти изгражда първоначалната граматика и свързващи думи. Както си лексика и граматика растат, премести в едноезични речници и пишете собствени определения за по-абстрактни думи (отново всичко, което пиша трябва да бъдат двойно проверени по lang-8.com). Това се основава на самата; колкото повече лексика и граматика получавате, колкото повече лексика и граматика понятия можете да опишете на изучавания език. Once you’ve absorbed most of the material in a basic grammar book, move on to a frequency list and learn the top 1000-2000 думи от вашия език, along with any specific vocabulary you need for your particular interests. Етап 3: Слушане, писането и четенето работа След като имате приличен речник и познаване на граматиката, започнете да пишете есета и записи в дневника, гледане на телевизионни предавания и четене на книги. Put every writing correction (от преподавател или lang-8.com) into your Anki deck, which will continue to build your vocabulary and grammar. Етап 4: Реч На мястото, където можете да напишете "свободно", намерите място, където да се потопите в езика и да говори през цялото време (буквално! Не Английски право или в противен случай няма да се научат на уменията, който се опитвате да научите, която се адаптира към дупки в граматиката или речник, като отидете около тях бързо и автоматично, без да се налага да мисля за това). Предпочитам Middlebury College, но след няколко седмици в целевата страна ще работи, както и ако сте много енергични с придържането към изучавания език и не премина на английски. Ако сте изключително строг със себе си, мозъка се адаптира доста бързо и се учи как да се съчетаят всичко, което научих в етапи 1-3 заедно в отлично реч. Ще намерите по-подробни обсъждания на четири основни аспекта на връзките на ляво и език специфични ресурси в Езици раздел.
1.1 1.2 2.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4.1 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 7.1 8.1 8.2 8.3 9.1 10.1 10.2 10.3 11.1 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 13.1 14.1 14.2 15.1 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 17.1 18.1 18.2 19.1 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5
If this is your first time here, start with the Lifehacker article, I Learned to Speak Four Languages in a Few Years: Here’s How. Then come back here and browse through this Methods section, grab a copy of the book and subscribe to the blog! How to Learn a Language: An Overview Language learning is complex; it’s one of the reasons I love it so much. You’re dealing with four separate, yet linked skills – reading, writing, listening and speaking – which are in turn linked to thousands of separate, yet linked facts – grammar rules, vocabulary words, pronunciation rules, etc. Figuring out how to work on each of these aspects individually and as a whole has been a hobby and passion of mine for the last nine years. While a detailed discussion of each aspect of this method is quite a bit of material (hence the forthcoming book!), this should get you well on your way. Start with Pronunciation The greatest challenge in learning a foreign language is the challenge of memory. With thousands of words and grammar rules to remember, you need all the help you can get to retain what you learn. This is where an early focus on pronunciation comes in: if you look into the science of memory, you’ll discover that it’s much harder to remember words you can’t pronounce well. And one of the reasons that foreign languages can be tricky is that they’re full of hard-to-pronounce, hard-to-memorize words. You can eliminate that challenge by training your ears from the very beginning. You’ll also get a number of side-benefits: better listening comprehension, better speech, faster vocabulary acquisition, and native speakers who will continue to speak to you in their language instead of switching to English. So how do you do this? Learning accurate pronunciation takes two main steps: first, you’ll need to train your ears to hear the new sounds of your target language, and second, you’ll need to train your mouth to pronounce them. For the first step, I’m in the process of Kickstarting a set of apps that will do the work for you (and designing a free guide to developing those apps yourself for any languages I’m not covering). For the second step – training your mouth – I’ve released a series of videos and flashcard decks to help teach you the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). With its help, you can learn how pronunciation works in your mouth (in English), and apply those ideas to your target language. No Translations The moment you cut English completely out of your language studies is the moment you begin to think in your target language. You can do this from the very first day. Starting with pictures and graduating to simple definitions and fill-in-the-blank flash cards (see below), you can teach yourself the vocabulary and grammar of a language without the added mental step of translating back and forth from English, and actually build fluency instead of translation ability. Use Anki for Vocabulary and Grammar Anki is a free software program that relies on more than a century of research proving that studying a concept in intervals (For example, only on days 1, 4, 10, 20, 35, 60, etc.) is much more effective than studying all at once. Anki automates these intervals, showing you facts at the optimal times to push them deeper and deeper into your long-term memory in the least amount of time possible. It’s a shortcut to memorization that gives you total control of what ends up in your long-term memory, and it is so efficient that the you will be able to memorize hundreds of flashcards a week in 30-40 minutes a day. Choose your Vocabulary Efficiently Computational linguistics has given us new tools to study languages, and what we’ve found is that learning the first thousand most frequent words in a language will enable you to read 70% of every text you’ll ever encounter, but learning the next thousand will only give you 10% more (and the next thousand, 4%). Use this to your advantage! Learn the first one or two thousand most common words, and then customize to your own needs. Why learn academic language if you just want to travel? Why learn business language if you just want to read academic papers? Choosing your vocabulary to suit your needs makes your study time much more efficient. So what does this look like in a new language? Stage 1: Learn the correct pronunciation of the language. This starts with training your ears to hear the sounds of your target language, understanding English pronunciation (assuming you’re an English native speaker), and then fine tuning your pronunciation with the help of the IPA (or a good pronunciation book). You should know the sounds of your target language, how they’re different from English, and all that language’s pronunciation rules. Stage 2: Vocab and grammar acquisition, no English allowed Start with my basic word list – a list of extremely frequent words that are easy to visualize. Put those in an Anki deck and learn them. Once you have some words to play with, start putting them together. You can use Google translate and a grammar book to start making sentences (but make sure that what you put into your Anki deck has no English!), then get everything you write yourself double-checked at lang-8.com. Turning them into fill-in-the-blank flashcards builds the initial grammar and connecting words. As your vocabulary and grammar grow, move to monolingual dictionaries and writing your own definitions for more abstract words (again everything you write should be double-checked at lang-8.com). This builds on itself; the more vocabulary and grammar you get, the more vocabulary and grammar concepts you can describe in the target language. Once you’ve absorbed most of the material in a basic grammar book, move on to a frequency list and learn the top 1000-2000 words in your language, along with any specific vocabulary you need for your particular interests. Stage 3: Listening, writing and reading work Once you have a decent vocabulary and familiarity with grammar, start writing essays and journal entries, watching TV shows and reading books. Put every writing correction (from a tutor or lang-8.com) into your Anki deck, which will continue to build your vocabulary and grammar. Stage 4: Speech At the point where you can write ‘fluently’, find a place to immerse in the language and speak all the time (literally! No English allowed or else you won’t learn the skill you’re trying to learn, which is adapting to holes in your grammar or vocabulary by going around them rapidly and automatically without having to think about it). I prefer Middlebury College, but a few weeks in the target country will work as well if you’re very vigorous with sticking to the target language and not switching to English. If you’re extremely strict with yourself, your brain adapts pretty quickly and learns how to combine everything you learned in stages 1-3 together into fluent speech. You’ll find more detailed discussions of the four key aspects at the links to the left and language specific resources in the Languages section.