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Google’s Computing Power Refines Translation Tool News article reprinted from The New York Times newspaper. In a meeting at Google in 2004, the discussion turned to an e-mail message the company had received from a fan in South Korea. Sergey Brin, a Google founder, ran the message through an automatic translation service that the company had licensed. The message said Google was a favorite search engine, but the result read: “The sliced raw fish shoes it wishes. Google green onion thing!” Mr. Brin said Google ought to be able to do better. Six years later, its free Google Translate service handles 52 languages, more than any similar system, and people use it hundreds of millions of times a week to translate Web pages and other text. “What you see on Google Translate is state of the art” in computer translations that are not limited to a particular subject area, said Alon Lavie, an associate research professor in the Language Technologies Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. Google’s efforts to expand beyond searching the Web have met with mixed success. Its digital books project has been hung up in court, and the introduction of its social network, Buzz, raised privacy fears. The pattern suggests that it can sometimes misstep when it tries to challenge business traditions and cultural conventions. But Google’s quick rise to the top echelons of the translation business is a reminder of what can happen when Google unleashes its brute-force computing power on complex problems. The network of data centers that it built for Web searches may now be, when lashed together, the world’s largest computer. Google is using that machine to push the limits on translation technology. Last month, for example, it said it was working to combine its translation tool with image analysis, allowing a person to, say, take a cellphone photo of a menu in German and get an instant English translation. “Machine translation is one of the best examples that shows Google’s strategic vision,” said Tim O’Reilly, founder and chief executive of the technology publisher O’Reilly Media. “It is not something that anyone else is taking very seriously. But Google understands something about data that nobody else understands, and it is willing to make the investments necessary to tackle these kinds of complex problems ahead of the market.” Creating a translation machine has long been seen as one of the toughest challenges in artificial intelligence. For decades, computer scientists tried using a rules-based approach — teaching the computer the linguistic rules of two languages and giving it the necessary dictionaries. But in the mid-1990s, researchers began favoring a so-called statistical approach. They found that if they fed the computer thousands or millions of passages and their human-generated translations, it could learn to make accurate guesses about how to translate new texts. It turns out that this technique, which requires huge amounts of data and lots of computing horsepower, is right up Google’s alley. “Our infrastructure is very well-suited to this,” Vic Gundotra, a vice president for engineering at Google, said. “We can take approaches that others can’t even dream of.” Automated translation systems are far from perfect, and even Google’s will not put human translators out of a job anytime soon. Experts say it is exceedingly difficult for a computer to break a sentence into parts, then translate and reassemble them. But Google’s service is good enough to convey the essence of a news article, and it has become a quick source for translations for millions of people. “If you need a rough-and-ready translation, it’s the place to go,” said Philip Resnik, a machine translation expert and associate professor of linguistics at the University of Maryland, College Park. Like its rivals in the field, most notably Microsoft and I.B.M., Google has fed its translation engine with transcripts of United Nations proceedings, which are translated by humans into six languages, and those of the European Parliament, which are translated into 23. This raw material is used to train systems for the most common languages. But Google has scoured the text of the Web, as well as data from its book scanning project and other sources, to move beyond those languages. For more obscure languages, it has released a “tool kit” that helps users with translations and then adds those texts to its database. Google’s offering could put a dent in sales of corporate translation software from companies like I.B.M. But automated translation is never likely to be a big moneymaker, at least not by the standards of Google’s advertising business. Still, Google’s efforts could pay off in several ways. Because Google’s ads are ubiquitous online, anything that makes it easier for people to use the Web benefits the company. And the system could lead to interesting new applications. Last week, the company said it would use speech recognition to generate captions for English-language YouTube videos, which could then be translated into 50 other languages. “This technology can make the language barrier go away,” said Franz Och, a principal scientist at Google who leads the company’s machine translation team. “It would allow anyone to communicate with anyone else.” Mr. Och, a German researcher who previously worked at the University of Southern California, said he was initially reluctant to join Google, fearing it would treat translation as a side project. Larry Page, Google’s other founder, called to reassure him. “He basically said that this is something that is very important for Google,” Mr. Och recalled recently. Mr. Och signed on in 2004 and was soon able to put Mr. Page’s promise to the test. While many translation systems like Google’s use up to a billion words of text to create a model of a language, Google went much bigger: a few hundred billion English words. “The models become better and better the more text you process,” Mr. Och said. The effort paid off. A year later, Google won a government-run competition that tests sophisticated translation systems. Google has used a similar approach — immense computing power, heaps of data and statistics — to tackle other complex problems. In 2007, for example, it began offering 800-GOOG-411, a free directory assistance service that interprets spoken requests. It allowed Google to collect the voices of millions of people so it could get better at recognizing spoken English. A year later, Google released a search-by-voice system that was as good as those that took other companies years to build. And late last year, Google introduced a service called Goggles that analyzes cellphone photos, matching them to a database of more than a billion online images, including photos of streets taken for its Street View service. Mr. Och acknowledged that Google’s translation system still needed improvement, but he said it was getting better fast. “The current quality improvement curve is still pretty steep,” he said. Original article...
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I cruinniú ag Google i 2004, chas an plé le teachtaireacht r-phoist a fuair an chuideachta ó lucht leanúna sa Chóiré Theas. Sergey Brin, de bhunaitheoirí Google, a reachtáladh ar an teachtaireacht trí seirbhís aistriúcháin uathoibríoch go raibh ceadúnaithe ag an gcuideachta. Dúirt an teachtaireacht a bhí inneall cuardaigh Google is fearr leat, ach tá an toradh a léamh: "An slisnithe bróga éisc amh mian léi. Google rud oinniún glas! " Dúirt an tUasal Brin chóir Google a bheith in ann a dhéanamh níos fearr. Sé bliana ina dhiaidh sin, Láimhseálann a saor in aisce Google Translate seirbhís 52 teangacha, níos mó ná aon chóras dá samhail, agus daoine a úsáid sé na céadta milliún uair sa tseachtain a aistriú leathanaigh Ghréasáin agus téacs eile. "Cad a fheiceann tú ar Google Translate é an úrscothacht" i haistriúcháin ríomhaire nach bhfuil teoranta do réimse ábhar ar leith, a dúirt Alon Lavie, ollamh comhlach taighde sna Teicneolaíochtaí Teanga Carnegie Mellon Institiúid ag Ollscoil. Iarrachtaí Google a leathnú níos faide ná cuardach ar an Idirlíon a bhuail le rath measctha. Tá a leabhar digiteach tionscadal curtha ar crochadh suas sa chúirt, agus tabhairt isteach a líonra sóisialta, Buzz, ardaíodh eagla príobháideachta. Tugann an patrún gur féidir é a misstep uaireanta nuair a déanann sé le dúshlán gnó agus na coinbhinsiúin traidisiúin chultúrtha. Ach tá méadú tapa a Google leis an echelons barr an ghnó aistriúcháin i gcuimhne ar féidir cad a tharlóidh nuair unleashes Google a chumhacht ríomhaireachta brute-i bhfeidhm ar fhadhbanna casta. Féadfaidh an líonra d'ionaid sonraí gur tógadh é le haghaidh cuardaigh Gréasáin anois, nuair a lashed le chéile, an domhan ríomhaireachta is mó. Google é ag baint úsáide as inneall sin a bhrú na teorainneacha ar an teicneolaíocht aistriúcháin. An mhí seo caite, mar shampla, dúirt sé go raibh sé ag obair le chéile ar a uirlis aistriúcháin le hanailís íomhá, a thugann deis duine, a rá, a chur le grianghraf cellphone de roghchlár i nGearmáinis agus ar an toirt aistriúchán Béarla a fháil. "Tá aistriúchán Meaisín ar cheann de na samplaí is fearr a léiríonn fís straitéiseach Google," a dúirt Tim O'Reilly, bunaitheoir agus príomhfheidhmeannach an foilsitheoir teicneolaíochta O'Reilly Meáin. "Níl sé rud éigin go bhfuil aon duine eile ag cur an-dáiríre. Ach tuigeann Google éigin a dhéanamh faoi na sonraí go dtuigeann aon duine eile, agus tá sé sásta a dhéanamh ar na hinfheistíochtaí riachtanacha chun dul i ngleic leis na cineál na fadhbanna casta chun tosaigh ar an margadh. " Ag cruthú inneall aistriúchán Tá sé feicthe fada mar cheann de na dúshláin misniúla i hintleachta saorga. Is fada, thriail eolaithe ríomhaire ag baint úsáide as cur chuige bunaithe ar rialacha - múineadh an ríomhaire na rialacha teanga de dhá theanga agus a thugann sé na foclóirí is gá. Ach i lár na 1990idí, thosaigh taighdeoirí i bhfabhar cur chuige sin ar a dtugtar staidrimh. Fuair siad amach go más rud é chothaithe siad na mílte ríomhaire nó ar na milliúin pasáistí agus a gcuid daonna a ghintear ar aistriúcháin, d'fhéadfadh sé a fhoghlaim a dhéanamh guesses cruinn maidir le conas a aistriú téacsanna nua. Casadh sé amach go bhfuil an teicníc seo, a éilíonn méideanna ollmhór sonraí agus go leor de horsepower ríomhaireachta, ceart suas alley Google. "Is é ár mbonneagar han-oireann go maith leis seo," a dúirt Vic Gundotra, ina Leas-Uachtarán do innealtóireachta ag Google,. "Is féidir linn a ghlacadh chuige nach féidir le daoine eile aisling fiú de." Tá córais uathoibrithe aistriúcháin i bhfad ó foirfe, agus ní bheidh fiú Google aistritheoirí daonna a chur amach as post am ar bith go luath. Saineolaithe a rá go bhfuil sé deacair exceedingly do ríomhaire a bhriseadh ar phianbhreith i gcodanna, aistriú ansin agus iad a reassemble. Ach tá seirbhís Google maith go leor a chur in iúl an croílár an earra nuachta, agus tá sé ina fhoinse le haghaidh aistriúcháin mear do na milliúin daoine. "Más gá duit aistriúchán garbh-agus-réidh, tá sé an áit a théann," a dúirt Philip Resnik, saineolaí aistriúchán inneall agus ollamh comhlach den teangeolaíocht in Ollscoil Maryland, College Park. Cosúil lena iomaitheoirí sa réimse, tá an chuid is mó go háirithe Microsoft agus IBM, Google chothaithe a inneall aistriúcháin le athscríbhinní na Náisiún Aontaithe imeachtaí, atá aistrithe ag daoine i sé theanga, agus iad siúd ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa, a aistriú go 23. Is é seo an amhábhair a úsáidtear chun córais iarnróid le haghaidh na teangacha is coitianta. Ach tá Google mionchuardach na téacs an Gréasáin, chomh maith le sonraí ó thionscadal scanadh leabhar agus ó fhoinsí eile, chun gluaiseacht thar na teangacha sin. Chun níos mó teangacha doiléir, tá scaoileadh sé ar "trealamh uirlis" a chuidíonn le húsáideoirí le haistriúcháin agus ansin cuireann na téacsanna sin ar a bhunachar sonraí. D'fhéadfadh a thairiscint Google chur a dent i ndíolacháin de bhogearraí aistriúcháin corparáideach ó chuideachtaí cosúil le IBM Ach ní tá aistriúchán uathoibríoch dócha go mbeidh moneymaker mór, ar a laghad, ní ag na caighdeáin de ghnó fógraíochta Google. Fós, d'fhéadfaí iarrachtaí Google íoc as ar bhealaí éagsúla. Toisc go bhfuil fógraí Google líne uileláithreach, rud a dhéanann sé níos éasca do dhaoine a bhaint as na sochair a Gréasáin an gcuideachta. Agus d'fhéadfadh an córas mar thoradh ar iarratais nua spéisiúil. An tseachtain seo caite, dúirt an chuideachta a bheadh sé úsáid a aithint urlabhra a ghiniúint fotheidil do Béarla-teanga YouTube videos, a d'fhéadfaí a aistriú ansin i 50 teangacha eile. "Is féidir an teicneolaíocht a dhéanamh ar an bhacainn teanga dul amach," a dúirt Franz Och, eolaí bpríomhoide ag Google atá i gceannas ar fhoireann na cuideachta aistriúcháin meaisín. "Bheadh sé ar chumas aon duine cumarsáid a dhéanamh le duine ar bith eile." Mr Och, taighdeoir Gearmánach a bhí ag obair roimhe seo in Ollscoil Southern California, a dúirt go raibh sé ar dtús drogall a bheith páirteach Google, eagla go mbeadh sé cóir leighis a aistriúchán mar thionscadal taobh. Larry Page, bunaitheoir eile Google, ar a dtugtar ar a suaimhneas dó. "Dúirt sé go bunúsach go bhfuil an rud go bhfuil an-tábhachtach ar Google," glaodh ar an tUasal Och le déanaí. Mr Och síníodh ar an i 2004 agus bhí sé go luath in ann a chur ar an Uasal Leathanach gealltanas leis an tástáil. Cé go bhfuil córais aistriúcháin ar nós go leor Google úsáid suas go dtí billiún focal de théacs a chruthú múnla de teanga, chuaigh Google bhfad níos mó: cúpla 100,000,000,000 focail Béarla. "Bhí na samhlacha a bheith níos fearr agus níos fearr an téacs níos mó phróiseas duit," a dúirt an tUasal Och. An iarracht a íocadh as. Bliain ina dhiaidh sin, bhuaigh comórtas Google rialtas-reáchtáil go tástálacha córais sofaisticiúla aistriúchán. Google Tá úsáid as cur chuige den chineál céanna - chumhacht ríomhaireachta ollmhór, heaps sonraí agus staitisticí - chun dul i ngleic le fadhbanna casta eile. I 2007, mar shampla, thosaigh sé ag tairiscint 800-GOOG-411, seirbhís cúnamh saor in aisce eolaire go léirmhíníonn iarratais labhartha. Thug sé Google a bhailiú ar an guthanna na milliúin daoine mar sin d'fhéadfadh sé níos fearr a fháil ar a aithint Béarla labhartha. Bliain ina dhiaidh sin, d'eisigh Google córas cuardaigh-ar-guth go raibh sé chomh maith leo siúd a thóg blianta comhlachtaí eile a thógáil. Agus deireadh na bliana seo caite, thug Google seirbhís Goggles ar a dtugtar go anailísí grianghraif cellphone, iad a mheaitseáil go dtí bunachar sonraí de níos mó ná billiún íomhánna ar líne, lena n-áirítear grianghraif de na sráideanna a glacadh chun a seirbhís Féach ar Shráid. An tUasal Och admhaigh córas aistriúcháin Google gá fós a fheabhsú, ach dúirt sé go raibh sé ag fáil níos fearr go tapa. "Is é an cuar feabhsú cáilíochta atá ann faoi láthair go fóill go leor géar," a dúirt sé. Airteagal Bunaidh ... (Http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/09/technology/09translate.html?hp)