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Half the population are bullied ... most only recognize it when they read this Bullying and human rights The Human Rights Act 1998 will become law in the UK in October 2000. The HRA allows UK citizens, for the first time, to use a court of law in the UK if they believe their human rights have been breached. Prior to the introduction of the Human Rights Act, a UK citizen had to take their case to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, a costly process taking many years. The Human Rights Act enshrines the provisions of the European Convention of Human Rights in UK law. The Articles are in summary: RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS ARTICLE 2 RIGHT TO LIFE Everyone's right to life shall be protected by law. No one shall be deprived of his life intentionally save in the execution of a sentence of a court following his conviction of a crime for which this penalty is provided by law. Deprivation of life shall not be regarded as inflicted in contravention of this Article when it results from the use of force which is no more than absolutely necessary: (a) in defence of any person from unlawful violence; (b) in order to effect a lawful arrest or to prevent the escape of a person lawfully detained; (c) in action lawfully taken for the purpose of quelling a riot or insurrection. ARTICLE 3 PROHIBITION OF TORTURE No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. ARTICLE 4 PROHIBITION OF SLAVERY AND FORCED LABOUR No one shall be held in slavery or servitude. No one shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour. For the purpose of this Article the term "forced or compulsory labour" shall not include: (a) any work required to be done in the ordinary course of detention imposed according to the provisions of Article 5 of this Convention or during conditional release from such detention; (b) any service of a military character or, in case of conscientious objectors in countries where they are recognised, service exacted instead of compulsory military service; (c) any service exacted in case of an emergency or calamity threatening the life or well-being of the community; (d) any work or service which forms part of normal civic obligations. ARTICLE 5 RIGHT TO LIBERTY AND SECURITY Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be deprived of his liberty save in the following cases and in accordance with a procedure prescribed by law: (a) the lawful detention of a person after conviction by a competent court; (b) the lawful arrest or detention of a person for non-compliance with the lawful order of a court or in order to secure the fulfilment of any obligation prescribed by law; (c) the lawful arrest or detention of a person effected for the purpose of bringing him before the competent legal authority on reasonable suspicion of having committed an offence or when it is reasonably considered necessary to prevent his committing an offence or fleeing after having done so; (d) the detention of a minor by lawful order for the purpose of educational supervision or his lawful detention for the purpose of bringing him before the competent legal authority; (e) the lawful detention of persons for the prevention of the spreading of infectious diseases, of persons of unsound mind, alcoholics or drug addicts or vagrants; (f) the lawful arrest or detention of a person to prevent his effecting an unauthorised entry into the country or of a person against whom action is being taken with a view to deportation or extradition. Everyone who is arrested shall be informed promptly, in a language which he understands, of the reasons for his arrest and of any charge against him. Everyone arrested or detained in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1(c) of this Article shall be brought promptly before a judge or other officer authorised by law to exercise judicial power and shall be entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial. Release may be conditioned by guarantees to appear for trial. Everyone who is deprived of his liberty by arrest or detention shall be entitled to take proceedings by which the lawfulness of his detention shall be decided speedily by a court and his release ordered if the detention is not lawful. Everyone who has been the victim of arrest or detention in contravention of the provisions of this Article shall have an enforceable right to compensation. ARTICLE 6 RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. Judgment shall be pronounced publicly but the press and public may be excluded from all or part of the trial in the interest of morals, public order or national security in a democratic society, where the interests of juveniles or the protection of the private life of the parties so require, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice. Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law. Everyone charged with a criminal offence has the following minimum rights: (a) to be informed promptly, in a language which he understands and in detail, of the nature and cause of the accusation against him; (b) to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence; (c) to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing or, if he has not sufficient means to pay for legal assistance, to be given it free when the interests of justice so require; (d) to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him; (e) to have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in court. ARTICLE 7 NO PUNISHMENT WITHOUT LAW No one shall be held guilty of any criminal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a criminal offence under national or international law at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the criminal offence was committed. This Article shall not prejudice the trial and punishment of any person for any act or omission which, at the time when it was committed, was criminal according to the general principles of law recognised by civilised nations. ARTICLE 8 RIGHT TO RESPECT FOR PRIVATE AND FAMILY LIFE Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence. There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. ARTICLE 9 FREEDOM OF THOUGHT, CONSCIENCE AND RELIGION Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief, in worship, teaching, practice and observance. Freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs shall be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of public safety, for the protection of public order, health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. ARTICLE 10 FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers. This Article shall not prevent States from requiring the licensing of broadcasting, television or cinema enterprises. The exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, for the protection of the reputation or rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence, or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary. ARTICLE 11 FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY AND ASSOCIATION Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and to freedom of association with others, including the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests. No restrictions shall be placed on the exercise of these rights other than such as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. This Article shall not prevent the imposition of lawful restrictions on the exercise of these rights by members of the armed forces, of the police or of the administration of the State. ARTICLE 12 RIGHT TO MARRY Men and women of marriageable age have the right to marry and to found a family, according to the national laws governing the exercise of this right. ARTICLE 14 PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status. ARTICLE 16 RESTRICTIONS ON POLITICAL ACTIVITY OF ALIENS Nothing in Articles 10, 11 and 14 shall be regarded as preventing the High Contracting Parties from imposing restrictions on the political activity of aliens. ARTICLE 17 PROHIBITION OF ABUSE OF RIGHTS Nothing in this Convention may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein or at their limitation to a greater extent than is provided for in the Convention. ARTICLE 18 LIMITATION ON USE OF RESTRICTIONS ON RIGHTS The restrictions permitted under this Convention to the said rights and freedoms shall not be applied for any purpose other than those for which they have been prescribed. PART II THE FIRST PROTOCOL ARTICLE 1 PROTECTION OF PROPERTY Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law. The preceding provisions shall not, however, in any way impair the right of a State to enforce such laws as it deems necessary to control the use of property in accordance with the general interest or to secure the payment of taxes or other contributions or penalties. ARTICLE 2 RIGHT TO EDUCATION No person shall be denied the right to education. In the exercise of any functions which it assumes in relation to education and to teaching, the State shall respect the right of parents to ensure such education and teaching in conformity with their own religious and philosophical convictions. ARTICLE 3 RIGHT TO FREE ELECTIONS The High Contracting Parties undertake to hold free elections at reasonable intervals by secret ballot, under conditions which will ensure the free expression of the opinion of the people in the choice of the legislature. Bullying is the common denominator of harassment, discrimination, abuse, conflict and violence and the underlying behaviour of tyranny, dictatorship, repression, civil rights and human rights abuse. Half the population are bullied, but most of us don't recognise it until it's too late. Whether you've suffered torture at the hands of a repressive regime, or been bullied at school or work, or put up with an abusive partner, this site will enlighten and empower you to take control of your life, to defend yourself and to take action against the bullies. The page on the serial bully gives you insight into the mind of the bully (in a way the bully would rather you didn't see) whilst the pages on stress and PTSD aid healing and recovery. Tim Field's book Bully in sight: how to predict, resist, challenge and combat workplace bullying contains further insight and information on workplace bullying whilst David Kinchin's book Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: the invisible injury pioneers the recognition of and recovery from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Where now? Lots of information and ideas for tackling bullying including the legal aspects Action Home Page | Action to tackle bullying Guidance for employers on policy development Bullying and the trade unions | Bullying and the law Case law on bullying, harassment, stress and personal injury Court judgements in cases relevant to bullying Long v. Mercury Mobile Communications Services Hatton Barber et al: 16 practical propositions for a personal injury case Right to be accompanied | The need for risk assessment High Court injunction to prevent unfair dismissal | Obstruction to justice Bullyonline action forum for validation and re-empowerment UK Dignity at Work Bill | Swedish law on Victimization at Work Bullying and human rights | Waters v. London Metropolitan Police Barber v. Somerset County Council Zimmerman: retaliation in the US courts Bullying history: books, articles and publications since 1992 How to lobby your MP: example letter and summary of inadequacy of UK law Amicus Campaign Against Bullying At Work (CABAW) Tim Field's written submission to the Dignity at Work Bill debate Getting another job after bullying | How to recover from bullying Setting up a bullying survivor support group | Sample support group constitution Using the search engines to find other sites on bullying etc Dealing with viruses, worms, spam etc Designing and building your own web site Advice and guidance for new Internet users Tim Field's book Bully in sight validates the experience of bullying and defines the injury to health caused by bullying and harassment Home Pages The Field Foundation | Bully OnLine Workplace bullying | School bullying | Family bullying Bullying news | Press and media centre Bullying case histories | Bullying resources Stress and PTSD Action to tackle bullying | Related issues Success Unlimited Books on bullying and psychiatric injury
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© 1996 – 2009 The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights This HTML version prepared by the UDHR in Unicode project, http://www.unicode.org/udhr. De Bhrí gurb é aithint dínte dúchais agus chearta comhionanna do-shannta an uile dhuine den chine daonna is foras don tsaorise, don cheartas agus don tsíocháin sa domhan, De Bhrí gur thionscain a neamhaird agus an mí-mheas ar chearta an duine gníomhartha barbartha a chuir uafás ar choinsias an chine daonna, agus go bhfuil forógartha gurb é meanmarc is uaisle ag an gcoitiantacht saol a thabhairt i réim a bhéarfas don duine saoirse chainte agus chreidimh agus saoirse ó eagla agus ó amhgar, De Bhrí go ndearna pobail na Náisiúin Aontaithe sa Chairt dearbhú athuair ar a gcreideamh i gcearta bunúsacha an duine, i ndínit agus i bhfiúntas pearsan an duine agus i gcearta comhionanna fear agus bean, agus gur chinneadar tacú leis an ascnamh sóisalach agus réim maireachtana níos fearr a thabhairt i gcrích faoi shaoirse níos fairsinge, De Bhrí gur ghabhadar na Stát-Chomhaltaí faoi chuing ghealltanais go ndéanfaid, i gcomhar leis na Náisiúin Aontaithe, urraim uile-choiteann éifeachtach d'áirithiú do chearta agus do shaoirsí bunúsacha an duine. De Bhrí go bhfuil sé fíor-thábhachtach, chun an gealltanas sin a chomhalladh ina iomláine, go mbeifí ar aon-tuiscint maidir leis na cearta agus na saoirsí sin, Anois ar an abhar sin forógrainn an Tionól Ginerálta an Dearbú Uile-choiteann seo ar Chearta an Duine mar chomhchaighdeán le tabhairt i réim ag gach pobal agus gach náisiún ionas go ndeánfaidh gach uile dhuine agus gach uile organ den chomhdhaonnacht, agus iad de shíor ag tabhairt an Dearbhuithe seo dá n'aire agus dá n-úidh, díchell, tríd an teagasc agus an t-oideachas, chun urraim do na cearta agus do no saoirsí sin a chothú agus chun a áirithiú tríd bearta ascnaimh, náisiúnta agus eadarnáisiúnta, go mbeidh aithint agus feidm éifeathtach uile-choiteann acu, ní hamháin i measc pobal na Stát-Chomhaltaí féin, ach fós i measc pobal na gcríocha atá faoina ndlínse sin. Saoláitear na daoine uile saor agus comhionann ina ndínit agus ina gcearta. Tá bauidh an réasúin agus an choinsiasa acu agus dlíd iad féin d'iompar de mheon bhrthreachais i leith a chéile. Tá teideal ag gach uile dhuine chun na gceart agus na saoirsí go léir atá leagtha amach sa Dearthú seo, gan idirdhealú dáon tsaghas, go háirithe maidir le cine, dath, gnéas, teanga, creideamh, tuairim pholitíochta nó tuarim eile, bunadh náisiúnta nó sóisilach, maoin, breith nó céimíocht eile, Fairis sin, ní déanfar aon idirdhealú ar fhoras no céimíochta poiliticiúla, dlínsiúla nó eadarnáisiúnta atá ag an tír nó an chríoch len mbaineann duine, pé acu críoch neamhspleách, críoch iontaobhais, nó críoch gan rialtas dúchais í, nó críoch a bhfuil aon teoranta eile ar a ceannasacht. Tá ag gach uile dhuine, an ceart chun marthana, chun saoirse agus chun slándála a phearsan. Ní coimeádfar aon duine faoi mhoghsaine ná faoi dhaoirse; toirmeasctar gach gné den mhoghsaine agus de thrádáil na mogha. Ní déanfar céastóireacht ar bith ná cóir ná pionós éadrócaireach, mídhaonna ná táirchéimneach a chur air. Tá ag gach uile dhuine an ceart chun a aithinte i ngach uile áit mar phearsa i láthair an dlí. Is comhionann na daoine uile i l'athair an dlí agus is dligh dhóibh an dlí do thabhairt coimirce dhóibh i gcomhionannas gan leithcheal ar aon neach. Dlítear do chách comhionannas coimirce i gcoinne aon leithcheal a sháródh an Dearbhú seo agus i gcoinne aon bhriogaireachta chun leithcheal den tsórt sin a dhéanamh. Tá ag gach uile dhuine an ceart chun fóirithin éifeachtúil d'fháil ó na binsí náisiúnta inniúla i gcoinne gníomhartha a sháraíos na cearta bunúsacha a bheir an bunreacht nó an dlí dhó. Ní déanfar go forlamhach aon duine a ghabháil a choinneáil ná a chur ar deoraíocht. Dlíonn an uile dhuine, i gcomhionannas iomlán lena chéile, éisteacht chothrom phoiblí d'fháil ó bhinse neamhspleách neamhchlaon chun a chearta agus a oblagáidí agus aon chúiseamh coiriúil ina aghaidh a chinneadh. Gach duine a cúiseofar i gcion inphíonois is tuigthe é a bheith neamhchiontach go dtí go gcruthaítear ciontach é do réir dlí i dtrail phoiblí, ina mbeidh ar fáil aige gach cóir is gá lena chosaint a ráthú. Ní daorfar duine ar bith in ngeall ar aon ghníomh ná neamhghníomh nach cion in-phíonóis a bhí ann, tráth a dhéanta, faoin dlí náisiúnta nó faoin dlí eadarnáisiúnta. Ná ní gearrfar píonós is troime ná mar dob in-ghearrtha an tráth a rinneadh an cion. Ní déanfar cur isteach go forlámhach ar dunie ar bith maidir lena shaol príobháideach, a theaghlach, a ionad cónaithe, ná a chomhfreagras ná ní déanfar ionsaí air i leith a onóra ná a cháile. Tá ag gach uile dhuine an ceart chun gluaiseacht agus cónaí ina rogha áite laistigh den Stát. Tá ag gach uile dhuine an ceart chun imeacht as aon tír, lena n-áirítear a thír féin, agus filleadh ar a thír féin Le linn géarleanúna, tá ag gach uile dhunie an ceart chun tearmann a lorg agus a bheith aige i dtíortha eile. Ní féadfar feidhm a bhaint as an gceart seo i gcás inchúiseamh a leanas iarbhír as coirthe neampholaiticiúla nó as gníomhartha atá contrártha dochuspóirí agus do bhuntreora na Náisiún Aontaithe Tá ag gach uile dhuine an ceart chun náisiúntacht d'athrú. Ní déanfar go forlámach a náisiúntacht a bhanit d'aon duine, ná fós an ceart chun a náisiúntacht d'athrú. Ar aois in-nuachair a shlánú dhóibh tá ag fir agus mná, gan srian ar bith maidir le cine, náisiúntacht ná creideamh, an ceart chun pósadh agus teaghlach a bhunú. Is ionann na cearta atá acu maidir leis an bpósadh, le linn an phóstas agus ar scaoileadh a phósta. Ní déanfar pósadh gan saorthoil iomlán na beirte atá le pósadh. Is é an teaghlach is buíon-aonad príomha bunaidh don chomhdhaonnacht do réir nádúra agus dlíonn an chomhdhaonnacht agus an Stát é a chaomhnadh. Tá ag gach uile dhuine an ceart chun maoin a shealbhú , ina anoar agus i gcomhar le daoine eile. Ní féidir a mhaoin a bhaint go forlámhach de dhuine ar bith. Tá ag gach uile dhuine an ceart chun saoirse machnaimh, coinsiasa agus credimh; airítear sa sa cheart sin an tsaoirse chun a chreideamh nó a dheimhne d'athrú maraon leis an saoirse chun a chreideamh nó a dheimhne d'fhiolsiú, ina aonar nó a nó in éineacht le daoine eile, go poiblí nó go príobháideach, tríd an teagasc, an cleachtadh, an adhradh agus na deas-ghnátha. Tá ag gach uile dhuine an ceaqrt chun saoirse tuairime agus chun saoirse nochtuithe tuairime; áirítear sa cheart sin saoirse chun tuairimí a bheith aige gan aon bhac air, agus chun eolas agus smaointe a lorg, a ghlacadh agus a leathadh trí mheáin ar bith, gan aird ar chríoch-theoranta. Tá ag gach uile dhuine an ceart go mbeidh saoirse aige teacht ar tionól agus gabháil le comhlachas go sítheoilte Ní cead a chun d´fhiacha ar dhuine ar bith gabháil le haon chomhlachas áirithe. Tá ag gach uile dhuine an ceart chun páirt a ghlacadh i gcúrsaí rialuithe a thíre, go díreach nó trí ionadaithe a toghtar go saorálach. Tá comhcheart ag gach uile dhuine rochtain a bheith aige ar an tseirbhís phoiblí in thír féin. Is é toil an phobail is foras don údarás rialuithe; léireofar an toil sin de thoradh toghchán ionraic a déanfar ó aim go ham trí bhótáil chomhchoiteann chomhionann agus trí tún-bhallóid nó ar mhodh dá shamhail sin a ráthaíos saoirse bhótála. Tá ag gach uile dhuine, mar chomhalta den chomhdhaonnacht, an ceart chun slándála sóisialaí; dlítear dó go bhféadfaidh sé, de thoradh an tsaothair náisiúnta agus an chomhair eadarnáisiúnta agus do réir eagraíochta agus acmhainne gach Stáit ar leith, na cearta a shásamh, i gcúrsaí eacnamíochta agus comhdhaonnachta agus cultúra, is dual dá dhínit agus is riachtanach do shaor-fhorbairt a phearsantachta. Tá ag gach uile dhuine an ceart chun oibre, chun saoirse maidir le fostaíocht a thoghadh, chun coinníollacha córa sásúla oibre agus chun a chosanta in aghaidh na dífhostaíochta. Tá ag gach uile dhuine, gan aon idirdhealú, an ceart chun na páighe céanna le haghaidh na hoibre céanna. Tá ag gach duine a dhéanas obair an ceart chun luach saothair chóir shásúil a bhéarfas go mbeidh aige féin, agus ag a theathlach, cóir mhaireachtana mar is dír do dhníit an duine, agus ina theannta sin pé caomhaint shóisialach eile is gá. Tá ag gach uile dhuine an ceart chun ceardchumainn a bhunú agus gabháil le ceardchumainn chun a leasa a chosaint. Tá ag gach uile dhuine an ceart chun sosa agus scíthe, agus go háirithe chun teora réasúnach lena uaireannta oibre agus chun saoirse le páigh d'fháil ó thráth go chéile. Tá ag gach uile dhuine an ceart chun caghdeáin mhaireachtana is leor do shláinte agus do shoileas an duine féin agus a theaghlaigh, ar a náirítear bia, éadach, ionad cónaithe, freastal liachta, agus na seirbhísí sóisialacha is gá; tá ceart aige chun slándála le linn dífhostaíochta, breoiteachta, éagumais, baintreachais, sean-aoise nó aon easpa eile slí mhaireachtana in imthosca nach bhfuil neart aige orthu. Dlítear aire agus cúnamh speisialta don mháthair agus don leanbh. Bhéarfar an chaomhaint shóisialach chéanna don uile leanbh, pé acu faoi chuing an phósta nó lasmuigh dhí a rugadh. Tá ag gach uile dhuine an ceart chun an oideachais. Bhéarfar an t-oideachas in aisce, sna céimeanna tosaigh agus bunaidh ach go háirithe. Beidh an bun-oideachas éigeantach. Cuirfear an t-oideachas teicniúil agus gairmiúil ar fáil go comhchoiteann; beidh combrochtain do réir fiúntais ag gach uile dhuine ar an árd-oideachas. Beidh de chuspóir ag an oideachas pearsantacht an duine d'fhorbairt ina hiomláinte agus urraim a neartú do chearta an duine agus do no saoirsí bunaidh. Cothóidh sé an chomhthuiscint, an caonfhulaing agus and caradas idir an náisiúin agus na ciní agus na haicmí creidimh uile, agus cabhróidh sé le bearta na Náisiún Aontuithe do chaomhnadh na síochána. Tá ag na tuismitheoirí, i dtosach ar chách eile, an ceart chun an cineál oideachais a thoghadh a bhéarfar dá leanaí Tá ag gach uile dhuine an ceart chun páirt a ghlachadh gan cosc i saol cultúrtha an phobail, áineas na n-ealaíon a bheith aige agus páirtiú in ascnamh agus is sochair na heolaíochta. Tá ag gach uile dhuine an ceart go gcosnófaí na leasa morálta agus abhartha a leanas as aon tsaothar eolaíochta, litríochta nó ealaíon arb é is údar dó. Is dligh do gach uile dhuine go mbéadh eagras sóisialach agus e adarnáisiúnta i réim a bhéarfadh go bhféadfaí na cearta agus na saoirsí atá leagtha amach sa Dearbhú seo a chur i gerích go hiomlán. Tá dualgais ar an uile dhuine i leith an phobail arb ann amháin is féidir a phearsantacht d'fhobairt go saor agus go hiomlán. Ag feidhmiú a cheart agus a shaorisí dhó ní bheidh de shriantacht ar dhuine ar bith ach pé sriantachta a bhéas ceaptha do réir dlí d'aon toisc chun aitheantas agus urraim mar is cuí d'áirithiú do chearta agus saoirsí daoine eile agus chun freagairt do riachtanais chóra na moráltachta, an óird phoiblí agus soileasa na coitiantacnta i gcomhdhaonnacnt daonfhlathach. Ní cead i gcás ar bith na cearta ná na saoirsí seo d'fheidhmiú contrártha do chuspóirí agus do bhuntreora na Náisiún Aontaithe. Ní cead aon ní sa Dearbhú seo a leiriú mar ní a bheir dón Stát grúpa nó duine ceart ar bith chun páirt a ghlacadh in aon ghníomhacht ná aon ghníomh a dhéanamh d'fhonn aon cheart nó saoirse dá luaitear anseo a dhíthiú.