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It was also in the time of this Muircheartach that a synod or National Council was convened in Ireland at Raith Breasail in the year of the Lord 1100, according to an old book of annals of the church of Cluain Eidhneach Fionntain in Laoighis, in which are recorded the principal things done at that synod; and Giolla Easpuig, bishop of Luimneach, who was the Pope's legate in Ireland at that time, was president of that council. Now here follow the regulations that were made therein. Just as twelve bishops were fixed under Canterbury in the south of England, and twelve bishops in the north under the city of York, a similar arrangement was made at the synod of Raith Breasail in Ireland, to wit, twelve bishops in Leath Mogha and twelve bishops in Leath Cuinn and also two bishops in Meath. It was at this synod that the churches of Ireland were given up entirely to the bishops free for ever from the authority and rent of the lay princes. It was there also were regulated the sees or dioceses of the bishops of Ireland. Here is the full number of the bishops of Leath Cuinn: six in the province of Ulster, including the primate; five in the province of Connaught, and two in Meath. And this gives the full twelve bishops of Leath Cuinn excluding the primate. The following are the dioceses of the province of Ulster, to wit, Ard Macha, the see of the archbishop of Ard Macha and primate over the bishops of all Ireland, Clochar, Ard Sratha, Doire, Cuinneire, and Dun da Leathghlas; the sees of Meath, Daimhliag and Cluain Ioraird; the sees of the province of Connaught, namely, Tuaim da Ghualann, Cluain Fearta Breanainn, Conga, Cill Aladh, and Ard Charna; the sees of Munster, Cashel held by the archbishop of Leath Mogha, Lios Mor or Port Lairge, Corcach, p.301Raith Mhaighe Deisceirt, Luimneach, Cill Dalua, Imleach Iobhair. These were the seven sees which were decreed to Munster at this synod. Five sees in Leinster, Cill Chainnigh, Leithghlinn, Cill Dara, Gleann da Loch, Fearna or Loch Garman. Adding these five sees to the seven sees of Munster they make twelve sees in Leath Mogha. The reason why Ath Cliath is not counted here is that it was not customary with its bishop to receive consecration except from the archbishop of Canterbury in England. Hanmer states falsely that the archbishop of Canterbury had jurisdiction over the Irish clergy from the time of Augustine the monk until the Norman Invasion. For you will not find that the prelates of Canterbury had jurisdiction over the Irish clergy except in the time of Lanfrancus Ranulphus and Anselmus; and even then the portion of the clergy of Ireland over whom they had jurisdiction were the clergy of Ath Cliath, Port Lairge, Loch Garman and Luimneach who were descended from the remnant of the Lochlonnaigh who were called Normani, and it was through a feeling of friendship for the people of Normandy who sprang from their own race that the prelates of these places gave jurisdiction and authority to the archbishop of Canterbury over them, as is clear from the booklet written by Dr. Ussher, for they considered if there were to be an election by the people between themselves and one of the Gaels who sought the same dignity, that their side would not have an equal chance, as in the election the Gael would have a larger popular vote than any of them. I think that although the old book does not so state, it was six bishops that were in Munster and six in Leinster, with the archbishop of Cashel over them all as chief prelate of Leath Mogha after the manner of the temporal sovereignty as we have said above in treating of this matter in the reign of Laoghaire. Here follow the sees or dioceses and their boundaries as they were regulated in this synod of Raith Breasail. The see of the archbishop of Ard Macha, from Sliabh Breagh to Cuaille Ciannachta and from Bior to the Abhann Mhor. The see of Clochar, from the Abhann Mhor to Gabhail Liuin and from Sliabh Beatha to Sliabh Largha. The see of Ard Sratha, from Sliabh Largha to Carn Glas and from Loch Craoi to Beann Foibhne. The see of the bishop of Doire or Raith Both, from Eas Ruadh to Srubh Broin and from Carn Glas to Srubh Broin. The see of the bishop of Cuinnire, from Beann Fhoibhne to Torbhuirg, and from Port Murbhoilg to Ollorbha and to Cuan Snamha Aidhne, and from Gleann Riogh to Colbha Gearmainn. The see of the bishop of Dun da Leathghlas, its boundary is not found in the old book. The see of the bishop of Daimhliag, from Sliabh Breagh to Carn Duin Cuair and from Lochan na hImrime eastward to the sea. The see of Cluain Ioraird, from Clochan westward to the Sionainn, and from Iubhar Coillte to Cluain Conaire. The see of Cluain Fearta, from the Sionainn to Buireann and from Echtghe to the Succa. The see of Tuaim, from the Succa to Ard Charna, and from Ath an Tearmainn to the Sionainn. The see of Conga, from Abhann Ui Bhriuin northwards to Neimhtheann, and from Ath an Tearmainn westward to the sea. The see of Cill Aladh, from Neimhtheann to Eas Ruadh, and from Cill Airdbhile to Sraith an Fhearainn. The see of Ard Charna or of Ardachadh, from Ard Carna to Sliabh an Iarainn, and from Ceis Chorainn to Iobhar Coilltean. If the Connaught clergy agree to this division, p.305we desire it, and if they do not, let them divide it as they choose, and we approve of the division that will please them, provided there be only five bishops in Connaught. The see of the archbishop of Cashel, from Sliabh Eibhlinne to the Siuir and from Cnamhchoill at Tiobrad Arann eastward to Grian Airbh, that is Cros Ghreine. The see of Lios Mor or Port Lairge, from Mileadhach on the brink of the Bearbha at Cumar na dtri nUisceadh to Corcach, and from the Siuir southward to the sea. The see of Corcach, from Corcach to Carn Ui Neid, and from the Abhann Mhor southwards to the sea. The see of Raith Mhaighe Deisceirt, from Baoi Bheirre to Ceann Beara, and from the Feil to Dairbhre. The see of Cill Dalua, from Slighe Dhala to Leim Chon gCulainn, and from Echtghe to Sliabh Uidhe an Riogh, and from Sliabh Uidhe an Riogh to Sliabh Caoin or Gleann Caoin. The see of Luimneach, the Maoilchearn eastward, Ath ar Choinne, Lodan and Loch Gair, and the Laitheach Mhor from Aine westward, and Ard Padraig to the south and Bealach Feabhradh and Tulach Leis, the Feil westward and Tairbeart and Cuinche in Thomond, and Crossa in Sliabh Uidhe an Riogh and the Dubhabhann. Whoever shall go against these boundaries goes against the Lord and Peter the Apostle and St. Patrick and his comhorba and the Christian Church. And the Church of Mary in Luimneach is its principal church. The see of Imleach Iobhar, from Cluain Caoin to the Abhann Mhor, and from Cnamhchoill at Tiobrad Arann to Abhann Ealla. The see of Cill Chainnigh, from Sliabh Bladhma to Mileadhach, and from Grian Airbh to Sliabh Mairge. The see of Leithghinn, from Sliabh Bladhma to Sliabh Uidhe Laighean, from Sliabh Mairge to Bealach Carcrach, and from Bealach Mughna to Teach Moling and its termon lands. The see of Cill Dara, from Ros Fionnghlaise to Nas Laighean, and from Nas to Cumar Chluana Ioraird and to Sleibhte Ghlinne da Loch. The see of Gleann da Loch, from Grianog to Beig-Eire, and from Nas to Reachruinn. The see of Fearna or Loch Garman, from Beig-Eire to Mileadhach on the west of the Bearbha, and from Sliabh Uidhe Laighean south to the sea; and if the Leinster clergy agree to this it is our pleasure, provided they have only five bishops. The blessing of the Lord and of Peter the Apostle and of St. Patrick be on everyone of these twenty-five bishops who shall let no Easter pass without consecrating oil. And there are many other good decrees of this holy synod which we have not set down here for brevity. The cross of the comhorba of Peter and of his legate, that is Giolla Easpuig, bishop of Luimneach, The cross of Giolla Ceallaigh the comhorba of Patrick and primate of Ireland, The cross of Maoiliosa O Ainmire, archbishop of Cashel, The crosses of all the bishops and of all the laity and clergy who were at this holy synod of Raith Breasail against whomsoever shall transgress these decrees, and the malediction of them all on whomsoever shall oppose them.
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Is ré linn an Mhuircheartaigh-se fós do horduigheadh seanadh nó comhdháil choitcheann i n-Éirinn i Ráith Breasail, an tan fá haois don Tighearna 1100, do réir sheinleabhair annálach eaglaise Chluana hEidhneach Fionntain i Laoighis, mar a gcuirthear síos na neithe prinnsiopálta do rinneadh san tseanadh soin; agus fá hé Giolla Easpuig easpog Luimnigh fá leagáid ón Phápa i n-Éirinn an tan soin do b'arduachtarán ar an gcomhairle sin. Ag so síos iomorro na neithe do horduigheadh innte: Amhail do horduigheadh dá easpóg dhéag san leith theas do Shacsaibh um Chanterburie, is dá easpog dhéag san leith thuaidh um chathair Eborach, is mar sin do horduigheadh i Seanadh Rátha Breasail i n-Éirinn, mar atá dá easpog dhéag i Leith Mogha is dá easpog dhéag i Leith Cuinn, is fós dá easpog san Mhidhe. Is ann sa tseanadh-so tugadh cealla Éireann go comhlán do na heaspogaibh gan cur na cíos do bheith ag flaithibh tuaithe orra go bráth. Is ann fós do horduigheadh faircheadha nó dioceses easpog na h-Éireann. Ag so líon easpog Leithe Cuinn: seisear i g-Cúigeadh Uladh is an príomháidh d'áireamh orra, cúigear i g-Cúigeadh Chonnacht is dias san Mhidhe. Gonadh é sin comhlíonadh dá easpog dhéag Leithe Cuinn i n-éagmais an phríomháidh. Ag so cathaoire Chúigidh Uladh, mar atá Ard Macha ag airdeaspog Ard Macha is príomháid ós easpogaibh Éireann uile, Clochar, Ard Sratha, Doire, Cuinneire, is Dún dá Leathghlas; cathaoire Midhe, Daimhliag is Cluain Ioraird; cathaoire Chúigidh Chonnacht .i. Tuaim dá Ghualann, Cluain Fearta Bréanainn, Conga, Cill Aladh is Ard Charna. Cathaoire Mumhan, Caiseal ag airdeaspog Leithe Mogha, Lios Mór nó p.300Port Lairge, Corcach, Ráith Mhaighe Deisceirt, Luimneach,Cill Dálua, Imleach Iobhair. Ag sin na seacht gcathaoire do horduigheadh san Mhumhain san tseanadh soin. Cúig cathaoire i Laighnibh, Cill Chainnigh, Leithghlinn, Cill Dara, Gleann dá Loch, Fearna nó Loch Garman. Cuirthear na cúig cathaoire sin i gceann na seacht gcathaoireach atá san Mhumhain go ndéinid dá chathaoir dhéag i Leith Mogha. Is uime nach áirmhighthear Áth Cliath annso, do bhrígh nachar ghnáth leis grádha do ghlacadh acht ó airdeaspog Canterburie i Sacsaibh. Adeir Hanmer go bréagach go raibhe cur ag airdeaspog Canterburie ar chléir Éireann ó aimsir Augustine manach go Gabháltas Gall. Óir ní bhfuighbhe go raibhe cur ag préaláidibh Canterburie ar chléir Éireann acht ré linn Lanfrancus Ranulphus is Anselmus; agus an tan soin féin is iad drong do chléir Éireann ar a raibhe cur aca, cliar Átha Cliath, Phuirt Lairge, Locha Garman is Luimnigh, táinig do shliocht iarmhair na Lochlonnach da ngairthí Normani, agus is tré chomhmbáidh ré lucht na Normandie táinig uatha féin tugadar na préaláide do bhí sna háitibh sin cur is ceannas ag airdeaspog Canterburie orra féin, mar is follus as an leabhrán do scríobh Doctúir Usser, ar n-a mheas dóibh dá ndeachadh an ní ar thogha an phobail idir siad féin is aon do Ghaedhealaibh do bhiadh ag iarraidh an chéime chéadna, nach biadh comhthrom aca-san, do bhrígh go mbiadh ní-sa mhó do ghuth an phobail ré toghadh an Gaedhil seoch aoin aca-san. Measaim, ma tá nach cuireann an seinleabhar sios é, gurab seisear easpog do bhí san Mumhain, is seisear i Laighnibh is Airdeaspog Caisil ós a gcionn uile mar airdphréaláid ós cionn Leithe Mogha ar lorg an ardfhlaithis temporálta, amhail adubhramar thuas ag labhairt ar an ní-se i bhflaitheas Laoghaire. Ag so síos do na faircheadhaibh nó do na dioséisibh is da dteorannaibh amhail do horduigheadh san tSeanadh-so Rátha Breasail. Fairche airdeaspuig Arda Macha, ó Shliabh Breagh go Cuaille Ciannachta is ó Bhíor go h-Abhainn Mhóir. Fairche Chlochair, ó Abhainn Mhóir go Gabhail Liuin agus ó Shliabh Beatha go Sliabh Largha. Fairche Arda Sratha, ó Shliabh Largha go Carn nGlais is ó Loch Chraoi go Binn Fhoibhne. Fairche easpuig Doire nó Rátha Both, ó Eas Ruaidh go Sruibh Broin is ó Charn nGlais go Sruibh Broin. Fairche easpuig Cuinnire, ó Bhinn Fhoibhne go Torbhuirg, is ó Phort Murbhoilg go h-Ollorbha go Cuan Snámha hAidhne, is ó Ghlionn Ríogh go Colbha nGearmainn. Fairche easpuig Dúin dá Leathghlas, ní faghthar san tseinleabhar a teorainn. Fairche easpuig Daimhliag, ó Shliabh Breagh go Carn Dúin Cuair is ó Lochán na hImrime soir go fairrge. Fairche Chluana hIoraird, ó Chlochán siar go Sionainn is ó Iubhar Coillte go Cluain Conaire. Fairche Chluana Fearta, ó Shionainn go Buirinn is ó Echtghe go Succa. Fairche Thuama, ó Shucca go h-Ard Charna is ó Áth an Tearmainn go Sionainn. Fairche Chonga, ó Abhainn Ó mBriuin budh thuaidh go Néimhthinn is ó Áth an Tearmainn siar go fairrge. Fairche Chille hAladh, ó Neimhthinn go h-Eas Ruaidh is ó Chill Airdbhile go Sraith an Fhearainn. Fairche Arda Carna nó Ardachadh, ó Ard Charna go Sliabh an Iarainn is ó Chéis Choruinn go h-Iobhar Coilltéan. Ma's aontach cliar Chonnacht ar an roinn-se is toil linne í, agus p.304muna n-aontuighid bíodh ar an roinn is toil leo; agus is maith linne an roinn is maith leo-san, acht amháin nach biaidh i g-Connachtaibh acht chúig easpuig. Fairche airdeaspuig Caisil, ó Shliabh Eibhlinne go Siuir is ó Chnámhchoill ag Tiobraid Árann go Gréin Airbh soir .i. Cros Ghréine. Fairche Leasa Móir nó Phuirt Lairge, ó Mhíleadhach ar bruach na Bearbha ag Cumar na dtrí nUisceadh go Corcaigh agus ó Shiuir budh dheas go fairrge. Fairche Chorcaighe, ó Chorcaigh go Carn Uí Néid is ó Abhainn Mhóir budh dheas go fairrge. Fairche Ráth Mhaighe Deisceirt ó Bhaoi Bhéirre go Ceann mBeara is ó Fhéil go Dairbhre. Fairche Chille Dálua, ó Shlighe Dhála go Léim Chon gCulainn, is ó Echtghe go Sliabh Uidhe an Ríogh, is ó Shliabh Uidhe an Ríogh go Sliabh Caoin nó Gleann Caoin. Fairche Luimnigh, an Mhaoilchearn soir, Áth ar Choinne, Lodan is Loch Gair, is an Laitheach Mhór ó Áine riar, is Ard Pádraig budh dheas, is Bealach Feabhradh is Tulach Léis, Féil siar, is Tairbiort, is Cuinche i d-Tuadmhumhain, is Crossa i Sliabh Uidhe an Ríogh, is Dubhabhann. Gibé tí tar na teorannaibh-se is tar sárughadh an Choimdhe is Pheadair apstail is Naomh Pádraig is a chomhorba is na heagailse Críostaidhe thig sé; agus is é teampull Muire i Luimneach a príomheaglais. Fairche Imligh Iobair, ó Chluain Caoin go h-Abhainn Mhóir is ó Chnámhchoill ag Tiobrad Árann go h-Abhann Ealla. Fairche Chille Cainnigh, ó Shliabh Bladhma go Míleadhach is ó Ghréin Airbh go Sliabh Mairge. Fairche Leithghlinne, ó Shliabh Bladhma go Sliabh Uidhe Laighean, is ó Shliabh Mairge go Bealach Carcrach, is ó Bhealach Mughna go Teach Moling go n-a thearmonn. Fairche Chille Dara, ó Ros Fionnghlaise go Nás Laighean, is ó Nás go Cumar Chluana hIoraird is go Sléibhthibh Ghlinne dá Loch. Fairche Ghlinne dá Loch ó Ghrianóig go Beig-Éirinn is ó Nás go Reachruinn. Fairche Fhearna nó Locha Garman ó Bheig-Éirinn go Míleadhach don leith thiar don Bhearbha, is ó Shliabh Uidhe Laighean budh dheas go muir; agus ma aontuighid cliar Laighean sin is toil linne é, acht nach biaidh acht chúig easpuig aca. Beannacht an Choimdhe is Pheadair apstail is Naomh Pádraig ar gach n-easpog don chúigear ar fhichid-se nach biaidh Cáisc gan ola do choisreagadh. Et multa alia bona statuta sunt in hac sancta synodo quae hic non scripsimus propter brevitatem. Cros [Some MSS have a cross symbol for the word 'cros' here and in the following two paragraphs.]chomhorba Peadair is a leagáide .i. Giolla Easpuig easpog Luimnigh, Cros Ghiolla Ceallaigh comhorba Pádraig is príomháidh Éireann, Cros Mhaoilíosa Uí Ainmire airdeaspuig Caisil, Crosa na n-uile easpog is na n-uile laoch is chléireach do bhí san tseanadh naomhtha-so Rátha Breasail ar an tí thiocfas tar na horduighthibh-se, agus a mallacht uile ar gach n-aon thiocfas 'n-a n-aghaidh.