http___www.pennyauctionwizards.com_ga_the-history-of-penny-auctions__1.xml
1.1 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 6.1 7.1 7.2 7.3 8.1 8.2 8.3 9.1 10.1 11.1 12.1 12.2 13.1 14.1 14.2 15.1 15.2 16.1 16.2 16.3 17.1 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 19.1 20.1 21.1 21.2 22.1 22.2 22.3
The History of Penny Auctions The concept was first introduced in 1971 by Martin Shubik, the Seymour Professor of Mathematical Institutional Economics at Yale University, under the name of dollar auction. The game is an illustration of a paradox in which the participants are constrained to make, in the end, an irrational decision based on a sequence of rational decisions; an irrational escalation of commitment. Rules: Bidding starts at $0.01 and goes up in $0.01 increments. The winner then pays the auctioneer whatever the highest bid is to get the item. Typically, the auction will start with a few bidders hoping to make a profit and then ending up in a bidding war of attrition. In most cases the bid will reach $1 and then a problem will become evident for the $0.99 bidder, He can no longer make profit but right now the only rational option is to bid $1.01 which will result in a $0.01 loss compared to $0.99. Martin’s auction game was transformed into a penny auction site in 2005 by Telebid and its lead developer Josh MacDonald who practically invented today’s penny auction business model which later became swoopo.com. It was very controversial in the beginning and also heavily criticized. This led to a business change model adopted by all reputable penny auction sites. They allowed bidders, who lost the auction, to get back all their bids that were used and put them towards purchasing the item. This change made it impossible of the bidder to lose money with penny auctions. Swoopo was a bidding fee auction site where purchased credits were used to make bids. Prior to changing its name to Swoopo in 2008, the website was called Telebid. Swoopo was operated by Entertainment Shopping AG and based in Munich, Germany. In March 2011, Swoopo’s website became inaccessible, and a notice page claimed that Swoopo was experiencing “technical issues.” On March 26, 2011, Swoopo’s parent company filed for bankruptcy. Entertainment Shopping AG was guided by a man named Frank Han who was the chief executive officer right up until they filed for bankruptcy. Unfortunately for Swoopo.com they failed to file a legitimate patent for the business mode. The reason being, prior art had been published by Shubik in 1971 illustrating the dollar auction concept. Although they still filed and still hold a patent pending title this did not stop copycats from starting their own sites to compete with the entertainment shopping giant. This competition began slowly, chopping away at the profits of Entertainment Shopping AG. In an article written in April of 2010 Frank Hans outline the struggles his company was facing. He also went on to state these facts: Swoopo hosts 250-300 auctions per day, split between global and local. The average final price of an auction is 71 percent off retail (of course Swoopo also makes money from the cost of bids). In one third of auctions, the final price is more than 90 percent off retail. The company loses money on 65 percent of auctions. “Our margins are nothing like Google’s, but better than Overstock,” said Han. The U.S. is the company’s largest market by far after launching a year and a half ago (the company started in Germany and was previously called Telebid). Swoopo has raised two rounds of funding, one led by Wellington Partners and one by August Capital. It has nearly 100 employees. The problem with these statements was that they were factually untrue. What was really going on was that the company was under attack by numerous competitors that were taking away the monopoly that the company once enjoyed. Another interesting factor was that Frank Han and a few other company executives, implemented a new feature in the auctions known as the “Buy it Now” option. This option single-handedly killed the penny auction model for this once thriving business. Where the company once enjoyed massive profits by retaining every bid which was placed in its auctions, it now was becoming a clearing house for items that were selling at retail value for which they could not secure wholesale cost. In 2010 this also introduced a new type of bidder to the penny auction industry called “power bidders”. A power bidder is a professional penny auction user. The introduction of the buy it now business model allowed these professional users to purchase thousands of bids at the penny auction website and proceed to aggressively bid on auctions. If they lost, they simply hit the buy now button and received the item for its retail value. This item would be shipped and resold once received. Therefore, the power bidder never lost an auction. In most cases the power bidder wins an auction for far less than the auction owner expected. With their own business model in mind, these types of bidders were able to successfully apply this to ongoing auctions and in most cases win auctions for next to nothing. Due to the aggressive nature of the bidding practices of a power bidder, many of these users gained infamous reputations and were avoided by other bidders. One can easily argue that the fall of Entertainment Shopping AG was not the competitors that were springing up around it but rather a fatal business decision of introducing the “Buy Now” option on every auction listed on the site. Other factors that ultimately led to this website’s demise were chargebacks from users who did not win. These users viewed the website as a scam and ultimately complained to anybody who would listen, including their credit card company. There are two views on penny auctions. Those that have won a penny auction think they are the greatest thing ever invented. Those that have lost a penny auction think they are evil and are some form of gambling.
1.1 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 6.1 7.1 7.2 7.3 8.1 8.2 8.3 9.1 10.1 11.1 12.1 13.1 13.2 14.1 14.2 15.1 15.2 16.1 16.2 16.3 17.1 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 19.1 20.1 21.1 21.2 22.1 22.2 22.3
Stair na Ceantanna Penny Tugadh isteach an coincheap den chéad uair i 1971 le Martin Shubik, an tOllamh le hEacnamaíocht Seymour Institiúideach Matamaitice in Ollscoil Yale, faoi ainm an ceant dollar. Is é an cluiche léiriú paradacsa ina bhfuil na rannpháirtithe bhfuil srian a dhéanamh, sa deireadh, cinneadh neamhréasúnach bunaithe ar ord na cinntí réasúnach; ar ardú neamhréasúnach de thiomantas. Rialacha: Tosaíonn bidding ag $0.01 agus téann suas i $0.01 incrimintí. An buaiteoir Íocann ansin an cheantálaí is cuma cad é an tairiscint is airde a fháil ar an mír. De ghnáth, Beidh an cheant tús le cúpla tairgeoirí ag súil le brabús a dhéanamh agus ansin ag críochnú suas i gcogadh bidding de tnáite. I bhformhór na gcásanna a bheidh an tairiscint a bhaint amach $1 agus ansin beidh fadhb a bheith le feiceáil do na $0.99 tairgeoir, Is féidir sé a thuilleadh a dhéanamh brabús ach anois tá an rogha réasúnach amháin chun tairiscintí $1.01 a bheidh mar thoradh ar $0.01 caillteanas i gcomparáid le $0.99. Bhí a chlaochlú cluiche ceant Máirtín isteach i suíomh ceant pingin i 2005 ag Telebid agus a forbróir luaidhe Josh MacDonald a chum praiticiúil samhail gnó an lae inniu ceant pingin a tháinig ina dhiaidh sin swoopo.com. Bhí sé an-chonspóideach ar dtús agus a cháin freisin go mór. Seo mar thoradh ar samhail ar athrú gnó a ghlac gach suíomh ceant pingin agus cáil. Cheadaítear siad tairgeoirí, a chaill an cheant, a fháil ar ais go léir a n tairiscintí a úsáideadh agus iad a chur i dtreo a cheannach ar an mír. T-athrú seo a rinne sé dodhéanta an tairgeoir airgead a chailleadh le ceantanna pingin. Bhí Swoopo suíomh ceant táille tairisceana nuair a baineadh úsáid as creidmheasanna ceannaithe chun tairiscintí a dhéanamh. Roimh athrú a ainm go Swoopo i 2008, Glaodh an láithreán gréasáin Telebid. Oibríodh Swoopo ag Siamsaíocht Siopadóireacht AG agus atá bunaithe i München, An Ghearmáin. I mí an Mhárta 2011, Bhí láithreán gréasáin Swoopo ar inaccessible, agus leathanach fógra á éileamh go raibh Swoopo fulaingt “saincheisteanna teicniúla.” Ar Márta 26, 2011, Swoopo s máthair-chuideachta a comhdaíodh do féimheachta. Bhí treoraithe Siamsaíocht Siopadóireacht AG ag fear darbh ainm Frank Han a bhí an príomh-oifigeach feidhmiúcháin ceart suas go dtí go comhdaíodh siad do féimheachta. Ar an drochuair do Swoopo.com theip orthu chun an comhad paitinn dlisteanach don modh gnó. An chúis a bheith, Bhí ealaín roimh ré foilsithe ag Shubik i 1971 léiríonn an coincheap ceant dollar. Cé comhdaíodh siad fós agus fós a shealbhú ar phaitinn ar feitheamh teideal níor stad copycats as tosú a gcuid suímh féin chun dul san iomaíocht leis an fathach siopadóireacht siamsaíochta. Thosaigh an comórtas go mall, chopping amach ag na brabúis Siamsaíocht Siopadóireacht AG. In alt scríofa i mí Aibreáin na 2010 Frank Hans síos ar na struggles raibh a chuideachta os comhair. Chuaigh sé ar a rá leis na fíricí: Ina hóstach ar Swoopo 250-300 ceantanna in aghaidh an lae, scoilt idir domhanda agus áitiúla. Is é an praghas ar an meán deiridh ceant 71 faoin gcéad de thalamh miondíola (ar ndóigh a dhéanann Swoopo airgead freisin as an costas na tairiscintí). In aon trian de ceantanna, Is é an praghas deiridh níos mó ná 90 faoin gcéad de thalamh miondíola. Cailleann an comhlacht airgead ar 65 faoin gcéad de na ceantanna. "Is iad ár corrlaigh aon rud mar Google, ach níos fearr ná overstock,"A dúirt Han. An U.S. Is é an cuideachta margadh is mó go mór fada i ndiaidh sheoladh bliain go leith ó shin (Thosaigh an chuideachta sa Ghearmáin agus bhí ar a dtugtar roimhe seo Telebid). Swoopo ardaíodh dhá bhabhta maoinithe, ceann faoi stiúir an Comhpháirtithe Wellington agus ceann faoi Lúnasa Caipitil. Tá sé beagnach 100 fostaithe. An fhadhb leis na ráitis a bhí go raibh siad go fíorasach bréagach. Cad a bhí ag dul i ndáiríre ar ná go raibh an chuideachta faoi ionsaí ag iomaitheoirí go leor a bhí ag glacadh ar shiúl an monaplacht go bhfuil an chuideachta taitneamh as aon uair amháin. Bhí fachtóir suimiúil eile go Frank Han agus cúpla feidhmeannaigh cuideachta eile, i bhfeidhm mar ghné nua sa ceantanna a dtugtar an rogha "Ceannaigh sé Anois". An rogha maraíodh aon-handedly an tsamhail ceant pingin don ghnó seo uair amháin rathúil. I gcás an chuideachta taitneamh as aon uair amháin brabúis ollmhór ag gach tairiscint a cuireadh ina ceantanna a choinneáil, anois bhí ag teach imréitigh le haghaidh míreanna a bhí ag díol ag luach miondíola nach bhféadfadh siad costas mórdhíola a dhaingniú. I 2010 seo isteach freisin i ndáil le cineál nua de tairgeoir don tionscal ceant pingin ar a dtugtar "tairgeoirí cumhacht". Is tairgeoir cumhacht úsáideoir ceant pingin gairmiúil. Tabhairt isteach an cheannach anois samhail gnó a cheadaítear leis na húsáideoirí gairmiúla a cheannach na mílte tairiscintí ar an suíomh gréasáin ceant pingin agus dul ar aghaidh chun tairiscint aggressively ar cheantanna. Má chaill siad, bhuail siad ach an cheannach anois cnaipe agus fuair an mír ar a luach miondíola. Bheadh an mhír seo a shipped agus athdhíol a fuarthas nuair a. Dá bhrí sin,, an tairgeoir cumhachta riamh chaill ceant. I bhformhór na gcásanna Bhuaigh an tairgeoir chumhacht ceant ar feadh i bhfad níos lú ná an t-úinéir ceant ag súil. Lena n-mhúnla gnó féin i gcuimhne, bhí na cineálacha tairgeoirí ceantanna in ann iarratas rathúil seo a ceantanna leanúnach agus i bhformhór na gcásanna bua do aice rud ar bith. Mar gheall ar nádúr ionsaitheach de na cleachtais tairisceana ar tairgeoir cumhachta, go leor de na n-úsáideoirí a fuarthas chlú infamous agus a sheachaint ag tairgeoirí eile. Is féidir a mhaíomh go héasca nach raibh an titim de Siamsaíocht Siopadóireacht AG na n-iomaitheoirí a bhí springing suas timpeall air ach cinneadh gnó marfach a thabhairt isteach ar an "Ceannaigh Anois" rogha ar gach ceant atá liostaithe ar an suíomh. Bhí fachtóirí eile a ba chúis ar deireadh thiar an suíomh gréasáin seo forléasadh chargebacks ó úsáideoirí nach raibh a bhuachan. Na n-úsáideoirí breathnú ar an suíomh gréasáin mar a scam agus ar deireadh thiar gearán do dhuine ar bith a bheadh ag éisteacht, lena n-áirítear a n-chuideachta cárta creidmheasa. Tá dhá tuairimí ar cheantanna pingin. Iad siúd a fuair ceant pingin cheapann go bhfuil siad an rud is mó invented riamh. Iad siúd a chaill ceant pingin cheapann go bhfuil siad olc agus tá chineál éigin de gambling.