http___www.worldheritageireland.ie_ie_bru-na-boinne__3.xml
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© 2010 Dept. Environment, Heritage & Local Government. Designed and Developed by Roomthree.com Brú na Bóinne Book tickets for Brú na Bóinne here Brú na Bóinne, which means the ‘palace’ or the ‘mansion’ of the Boyne, refers to the area within the bend of the River Boyne which contains one of the world’s most important prehistoric landscapes. It is located close to the east coast of Ireland approximately 40 km north of Dublin city, about 8km west of the medieval town of Drogheda and about 5km east of the village of Slane. The archaeological landscape within Brú na Bóinne is dominated by the three well-known large passage tombs, Knowth, Newgrange and Dowth, built some 5,000 years ago in the Neolithic or Late Stone Age. An additional ninety monuments have been recorded in the area giving rise to one of the most significant archaeological complexes in terms of scale and density of monuments and the material evidence that accompanies them. The Brú na Bóinne tombs, in particular Knowth, contain the largest assemblage of megalithic art in Western Europe. The natural heritage of Brú na Bóinne is also of importance and it encompasses several Natural Heritage Areas. The Boyne River Islands are one of the country’s few examples of alluvial wet woodland which is a priority habitat under the EU Habitat Directive. Brú na Bóinne was inscribed as a World Heritage Site in December 1993 in recognition of its outstanding universal value. The scale of passage tomb construction, the important concentration of megalithic art as well as the range of sites and the long continuity of activity were cited as reasons for the site’s inscription. Introduction Brú na Bóinne, also known as the Bend of the Boyne or the Boyne Valley, has been the focus of human settlement for at least 6,000 years. Traces of these accumulated layers of activity still survive on the landscape but it is the remains of the prehistoric period, in particular the magnificent tombs of the Neolithic or Late Stone Age, which impart a sense of this being a special place, where ritual and ceremony played a major role in the lives of local communities about 5,000 years ago. Brú na Bóinne in Prehistory The construction of the passage tomb cemetery in Brú na Bóinne commenced some time around 3300 BC and by this time, the area had developed into an open farmed landscape with evidence for domestic houses and occupation scattered throughout. The construction of at least 40 passage tombs displaying a sophisticated knowledge of architecture, engineering, astronomy and artistic endeavour indicates a highly organised and settled society where rituals and ceremonies surrounding the treatment of the dead and contact with the ancestors, required highly complex and permanent manifestation. When the tombs fell into disuse, possibly around 2900 BC, the areas surrounding them continued to be the focus of ceremonies, ritual and habitation right through to the Early Bronze Age period (c.2200 BC). Large earthen embanked circles, pit circles and pit and wooden post circles (all of which have been described as ‘henges’) were constructed. A cursus, comprising a pair of parallel banks and ditches defining a path or routeway can be seen close to Newgrange. Material relating to the later Bronze age has a relatively low visibility in the landscape. A small number of cist burials, burials within ring ditches and fulachtaí fia (burnt mounds) have been recorded from this period. Throughout the Iron Age (c.500 BC — AD 400) there is evidence of sporadic activity, including burials interred close to the main mound at Knowth and on the river terrace at Rosnaree. Late Iron Age / Roman items of high value, including coins and jewellery were deposited in the vicinity of Newgrange as votive offerings. The introduction of Christianity in the early fifth century brought renewed activity to Brú na Bóinne. This and the later historic periods are summarised in the Historical Background section. For more information about Woodhenge / Pit Circles, please visit our Educational Resources page. Brú na Bóinne World Heritage Site The ‘Archaeological Ensemble of the Bend of the Boyne’ was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1993 having been judged to have met three of the six criteria for cultural heritage of outstanding universal value. The three criteria were: - representing a masterpiece of human creative genius, - bearing a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilisation which is living or which has disappeared, - being an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates significant stage(s) in human history. The core area of the World Heritage Site comprises approximately 780 hectares contained within the bend of the River Boyne. A buffer zone, comprising approximately 2,500 hectares extends to the River Mattock in the north and includes the River Boyne itself to the south and extends to the ridgeline of an escarpment that overlooks the core area. The boundaries of the buffer zone were set having taken into account views into and out of the core area. Visitor Access Visitors wishing to access Newgrange and Knowth should note that this can only be achieved by joining formal tours which leave from the Brú na Bóinne Visitor Centre which is located on the south bank of the river, close to the village of Donore. It is possible to view the mound at Dowth by going directly to the site but it should be noted that there is no public access to the tombs themselves. Full details of access arrangements and facilities available at the Visitor Centre are outlined in the Visitor Information section.
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© 2010 Dept. Environment, Heritage & Local Government. Designed and Developed by Roomthree.com Brú na Bóinne Grianstad an Gheimhridh Tagann daoine le chéile ag SÁ an Bhrú roimhe éirÁ na gréine gach maidin ón 18ú Nollaig go dtÁ an 23ú Nollaig agus an dá lá sin san áireamh. Is ar 8.58am a éirÁonn an ghrian. Is le crannchur amháin a chinntear cé a rachaidh isteach sa seomra. Tá fáilte roimh gach duine eile teacht áfach agus seasamh lasmuigh den séadchomhartha. Chun d’ainm a chur isteach sa chrannchur, is féidir leat foirm iarratais a chomhlánú in Ionad Cuairteora Bhrú na Bóinne nuair a thugann tú cuairt ar ShÁ an Bhrú. De rogha air sin, is féidir leat do sheoladh poist, uimhir teagmhála teileafóin agus nóta maidir le cé acu ar thug tú cuairt ar ShÁ an Bhrú riamh a sheoladh ar an rÁomhphost chuig brunaboinne@opw.ie. Comhlánóidh duine den fhoireann iarratas thar do cheann ach na sonraÁ sin a fháil. Caithfidh iarratasóirÁ a bheith os cionn 10 mbliana d’aois. Caithfidh duine fásta a bheith i dteannta leanaÁ faoi bhun 18 bliana d’aois. NÁ féidir ach iarratais a dhéantar ar an bhfoirm oifigiúil a chur isteach sa chrannchur. NÁ bhÁonn iarratais bailÁ ach do chrannchur na bliana reatha amháin. Tarraingeofar an crannchur le haghaidh áiteanna ag SÁ an Bhrú do Ghrianstad 2012 an 27ú Meán Fómhair 2012. Is leanaÁ ó thrÁ scoil áitiúla a roghnóidh na hiarratasóirÁ. Cuirfear scéala chuig na daoine ar éirigh leo faoi lár mhÁ Dheireadh Fómhair. Déantar caoga ainm a tharraingt, agus tugtar cuireadh do gach duine den chaoga duine sin a bheith i láthair i gcuideachta aoi ar mhaidin ar leith. BÁonn deichniúr buaiteoirÁ an chrannchuir agus a n-aÁonna sa seomra gach maidin. Déantar roinnt ainmneacha breise a tharraingt freisin agus cuirtear ar liosta sealadach iad. BÁonn an liosta sealadach ann i gcás nach mbÁtear in ann dul i dteagmháil le duine ar tarraingÁodh amach a (h)ainm don liosta tosaigh nó sa chás nach mbÁonn sé nó sÁ in ann taisteal chuig SÁ an Bhrú ar an dáta a tugadh dó nó di. Áit dho-inaistrithe a bhÁonn i gceist leis na háiteanna ag SÁ an Bhrú d’éirÁ na gréine. NÁ féidir le buaiteoirÁ an chrannchuir a n-áit sa seomra a thairiscint do dhuine eile. BhÁ 29750 iontrálacha ann do Ghrianstad 2011. NÁ féidir aon ráthaÁocht a thabhairt go soilseoidh an ghrian an seomra ar aon cheann de na maidineacha….is ar an aimsir go huile is go hiomlán a bhraitheann sé sin! Réamhrá Ba é Brú na Bóinne, ar a dtugtar an ‘Bend of the Boyne’ nó Gleann na Bóinne freisin, fócas lonnaÁochtaÁ daoine le 6,000 bliain ar a laghad. Tá rianta fós fágtha ar an tÁrdhreach de na sraitheanna éagsúla gnÁomhaÁochta sin agus iad carntha anuas ar a chéile, ach is iad na hiarsmaÁ ón tréimhse réamhstairiúil, go háirithe na tuamaÁ maorga iontacha ón Aois Neoiliteach nó ón gClochaois Dhéanach, a thugann braistint do dhuine gur áit speisialta atá ann, mar a mbÁodh ról mór ag deasghnátha agus ag searmanais i saol na bpobal áitiúil thart faoi 5,000 bliain ó shin. Brú na Bóinne sa Tréimhse Réamhstaire Cuireadh tús leis an obair le reilig an tuama pasáiste i mBrú na Bóinne a thógáil am éigin thart faoi 3300 RChr agus faoin am sin, bhÁ an limistéar tagtha chun bheith ina thÁrdhreach oscailte feirmeoireachta agus fuarthas fianaise scaipthe ar fud na háite go raibh tithe cónaithe ann agus daoine ina gcónaÁ iontu. Má bhreathnaÁtear go grinn ar an mbealach a tógadh 40 tuama pasáiste ar a laghad, tá sé le feiceáil go raibh an-eolas ar fad ag lucht a dtógtha ar an ailtireacht, ar an innealtóireacht, ar an réalteolaÁocht agus ar obair ealaÁne, rud a thugann le fios go raibh sochaÁ shocraithe an-eagraithe ann inarbh éigean déanmhais bhuana fÁorchasta a chruthú le haghaidh deasghnátha agus searmanas a bhain leis na bealaÁ a caitheadh leis na mairbh agus le nósanna le dul i dteagmháil lena sinsear. Nuair a éirÁodh as na tuamaÁ a úsáid, thart faoin mbliain 2900 RChr b'fhéidir, bhÁ na limistéir thart orthu fós an-tábhachtach mar lárionad searmanas, deasghnáth agus cónaithe chomh fada le tréimhse na Cré-Umhaoise Luaithe (c.2200 RChr). Tógadh ciorcail mhóra chré, ciorcail pholl agus ciorcail de phoill agus de chuaillÁ adhmaid (ar cuireadh sÁos orthu ar fad mar ‘heinsÁ’) a raibh claÁfoirt thart orthu. Tá cursas le feiceáil gar do ShÁ an Bhrú, agus is éard atá ann péire de g comhthreomhara agus de dhÁoga comhthreomhara lena leagtar amach cosán nó bealach. NÁl rian chomh láidir céanna ar an tÁrdhreach d’ábhar a bhaineann leis an tréimhse nÁos déanaÁ den Chré-Umhaois. Tá lÁon beag d’adhlacthaÁ ciste taifeadta ón tréimhse sin chomh maith le háiteanna inar adhlacadh daoine laistigh de dhÁogaÁ fáinneacha, agus tá fulachtaÁ fia (dumhaÁ dóite) ann freisin. Tá fianaise le fáil go raibh gnÁomhaÁocht ar siúl anois is arÁs ann i gcaitheamh na hIarannaoise (c. 500 RChr — AD 400), agus go raibh daoine á n-adhlacadh gar don phrÁomhdhumha ag Cnóbha agus ar léibheann na habhann ag Ros na RÁ. Cuireadh rudaÁ Rómhánacha agus rudaÁ lenar bhain ardluach sa tréimhse dhéanach den Iarannaois, lena n-áirÁtear boinn agus seodra, i dtaisce i gcóngar ShÁ an Bhrú mar ÁobairtÁ móide. Tháinig borradh faoi ghnÁomhaÁocht ag Brú na Boinne an athuair nuair a tugadh an ChrÁostaÁocht isteach go luath sa chúigiú céad. Déantar achoimre ar an tréimhse sin agus ar thréimhsÁ staire ina diaidh i rannóg an Chúlra Staire. Ciorcal Heinse Adhmaid/Ciorcal na bPoll Le haghaidh tuilleadh eolais faoi Chiorcail HeinsÁ Adhmaid /Chiorcail na bPoll , breathnaigh ar ár leathanach d'AcmhainnÁ Oideachais. Láithreán Oidhreachta Domhanda Brú na Bóinne InscrÁobhadh ‘Coimpléasc SeandálaÁochta Lúb na Bóinne’ ar an Liosta Oidhreachta Domhanda i 1993 tar éis dó a bheith measta mar áit a chomhlÁon trÁ chinn as na sé chritéar maidir le hoidhreacht chultúir lena mbaineann sárluach uilÁoch. Ba iad seo a leanas na trÁ chritéar: 1. gur saothar máistreachta é lena léirÁtear sáréirim chruthaitheach an duine, 2. go dtugann sé fianaise ar leith, nó sárfhianaise ar a laghad, ar thraidisiún cultúir nó ar shibhialtacht atá ar marthain nó imithe i léig, 3. gur sárshampla ar fad é de chineál foirgnimh, de chineál coimpléasc ailtireachta nó teicneolaÁochta nó de chineál tÁrdhreacha lena léirÁtear staid(eanna) suntasacha i stair an chine dhaonna. CuimsÁtear thart ar 780 heicteár i bprÁomhláthair an Láithreáin Oidhreachta Domhanda, atá laistigh den limistéar mar a lúbann Abhainn na Bóinne. SÁneann crios deighilte, ar thart ar 2,500 heicteár atá ann, chomh fada leis an Máiteog ó thuaidh agus cuimsÁtear Abhainn na Bóinne féin ó dheas sa chrios freisin. SÁneann an crios deighilte a fhad le lÁne iomaire scairpe ónar féidir breathnú amach ar an bprÁomhláthair sin. SocraÁodh teorainneacha an chreasa deighilte tar éis do na radhairc isteach ar an bprÁomhlimistéar agus amach as a bheith curtha san áireamh. BealaÁ Rochtana do ChuairteoirÁ Más mian le cuairteoirÁ dul isteach go dtÁ SÁ an Bhrú agus Cnóbha, ba cheart dóibh a thabhairt dá n-aire nach féidir sin a dhéanamh ach amháin trÁ pháirt a ghlacadh i dturais fhoirmiúla a fhágann Ionad Cuairteora Bhrú na Bóinne atá suite ar bhruach theas na habhann, gar do shráidbhaile Dhún Uabhair. Is féidir breathnú ar an dumha ag Dubhadh ach dul dÁreach chuig an láithreán ach ba cheart do dhuine a thabhairt dá aire nach bhfuil aon bhealaÁ ann atá oscailte don phobal le teacht ar na tuamaÁ iad féin. Leagtar mionsonraÁ iomlána na socruithe maidir le bealaÁ rochtana agus áiseanna atá ar fáil san Ionad Cuairteora amach sa rannóg Eolas do ChuairteoirÁ.