http___www.zhitov.ru_ga_ditch__1.xml
1.1 2.1 4.1 6.1 8.1 9.1 10.1 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 13.1 14.1 15.1 16.1 17.1 17.2 18.1 18.2 19.1 20.1 21.1 21.2 21.3 22.1 23.1 24.1 24.2 24.3 25.1 25.2 26.1 27.1 28.1 28.2 29.1 30.1 31.1 31.2 31.3
Calculation of earthwork Specify dimensions in metres - depth of excavation - the length of the pit - width of trench Construction earthworks - digging under a foundation, swimming pool or pond, a trench for an autonomous country house sewer, drainage system or water cottage. In organizing the excavation is very important to assess the volume excavate. The cost of excavation consists of excavation of the trench or trenching and removal of soil. It is necessary to plan the movement of topsoil layer of the earth for future use in the garden or yard. Marginal part of the soil used for leveling the site, feedback podsypku foundation or are taken off-site. Places for removal of soil is determined in advance. Also note that the prices for 1 cubic meter of excavation often increases with the depth of the work. So the price from the surface to a depth of 1 meter and 1 meter from the deeper and may vary even twice. Earth moving frequently as a separate item of expenditure. In order not to be unexpected expenses, negotiate everything in advance with the contractor. Consider the stock in the amount of excavation for formwork for pouring the foundation. By hand or backhoe? Each of these approaches have their pros and cons. When working by hand excavation can be performed more accurately. With cheap labor, and small amounts of the final cost of production by hand excavation may be less than renting an excavator and other machinery. Easier to implement control the size and geometry of the pit. However, significant amounts of soil and in the speed of the backhoe is often wins. In any case, the decision depends on you. Procedure of earthworks. Layout of the pit. First you need to mark a place in the pit or trench. To do this, on the ground with pegs and a thin cord, refer to the worksite. To control the geometry of the measured two diagonals of the future of the pit - they must match. However, this is an unprofessional way and is suitable for marking trenches or relatively flat land. For more accurate design earthworks on the following technologies. At some distance from the proposed excavation dig in wooden posts, in groups of two pieces (castoffs). They fasten the board horizontally, which pull cords. Boards try to fix on one level with each other. By moving cords, achieve exact marking. These cast-offs in the future use and for precise strip foundation formwork. Greatly facilitates the work level, theodolite, laser tape measure or laser level. Excavation. In a weak field or considerable depth of excavation pay special attention to the safety of the excavation. In this case, the wall of the pit do not strictly vertical, but with a bias - to prevent the shedding of the soil. The sides and bottom of the pit level control and rail long enough. Control of geometry. For the exact angle of 90 degrees is one step. Triangle with sides 3:4:5 m (or with sides that are multiples of these figures) has an angle of 90 degrees. Lay on one side of the angle of 3 meters, on the other - 4 and the distance between the points must be exactly 5 feet.
1.1 2.1 4.1 6.1 8.1 9.1 10.1 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 13.1 14.1 15.1 16.1 17.1 17.2 18.1 18.2 19.1 20.1 21.1 21.2 21.3 22.1 23.1 24.1 24.2 24.3 25.1 25.2 26.1 27.1 28.1 28.2 29.1 30.1 31.1 31.2 31.3
Ríomh toirt na tochailte Sonraigh na toisí i méadair - an doimhneacht na tochailte - fad an poll - leithead na tochailte Créfoirt Tógála - tochailt faoi fhondúireacht, linn snámha nó lochán, trinse do thír neamhspleách teach séarach, córas draenála uisce nó teachín. A eagrú go bhfuil an tochailt an-tábhachtach go measúnófaí an tochailt toirte. Is éard atá sa costas na tochailte na tochailte an trinse nó trinseáil agus a chur as ithreach. Is gá a phleanáil ar ghluaiseacht barrithreach ciseal an domhain lena n-úsáid sa todhchaí sa ghairdín nó clós. Chuid imeallach an ithir a úsáidtear le haghaidh leibhéalta an suíomh, aiseolas podsypku bunús nó a ghlacadh lasmuigh den láthair. Áiteanna chun deireadh a chur ithreach é chinneadh roimh ré. Chomh maith leis sin faoi deara go bhfuil méadú ar na praghsanna le haghaidh 1 méadar ciúbach na tochailte go minic leis an doimhneacht na hoibre. Mar sin, an praghas ó dhromchla go dtí doimhneacht 1 méadar agus 1 méadar ó na doimhne agus d'fhéadfadh athrú fiú faoi dhó. Domhan ag gluaiseacht go minic mar mhír ar leith caiteachais. Chun nach gcuirfear a caiteachais gan choinne, dul i mbun caibidlíochta gach rud roimh ré leis an gconraitheoir. Smaoinigh ar an stoc i méid na tochailte le haghaidh formwork do dhoirteadh an dúshraith. De láimh nó Backhoe? Gach ceann de na cineálacha cur chuige a gcuid buntáistí agus na míbhuntáistí. Cathain is féidir ag obair trí thochailt lámh a dhéanamh níos cruinne. Is féidir le saothair saor, agus méideanna beaga de chostas deiridh táirgthe trí thochailt láimh a bheith níos lú ná cíos tochaltóra agus innealra eile. Níos éasca a chur i bhfeidhm a rialú an méid agus geoiméadracht an poll. Mar sin féin, tá méideanna suntasacha ithreach agus i luas an Backhoe Bhuaigh go minic. In aon chás, braitheann an cinneadh ar ort. Nós Imeachta na hoibreacha talún. Leagan Amach an poll. An Chéad is gá duit chun ceiliúradh a dhéanamh ar áit sa pholl nó trinse. Chun seo a dhéanamh, ar an talamh le pionnaí agus corda tanaí, a tharchur chuig an láthair oibre. Chun rialú a dhéanamh geoiméadracht an dá trasnáin thomhas de thodhchaí an pit - ní mór dóibh a mheaitseáil. Mar sin féin, is é seo ar bhealach unprofessional agus tá sé oiriúnach le haghaidh marcáil trinsí nó talamh réasúnta cothrom. Chun níos mó créfoirt dearadh cruinn ar na teicneolaíochtaí seo a leanas. Ag roinnt achar ón tochailt molta tochailt i bpoist adhmaid, i ngrúpaí de dhá phíosa (castoffs). Siad fasten an bord go cothrománach, a cordaí tharraingt. Boird iarracht a shocrú ar leibhéal amháin lena chéile. Faoi cordaí ag gluaiseacht, a bhaint amach cruinn marcála. Tá na teilgthe a dícheangail in úsáid sa todhchaí agus le haghaidh formwork dúshraith beacht stiall. Éascaíonn an leibhéal go mór an obair, theodolite, beart téip nó ar an leibhéal léasair léasair. Tochailt. I réimse lag nó doimhneacht suntasach na tochailte, aird ar leith le sábháilteacht na tochailte. Sa chás seo, níl an balla an poll docht ingearach, ach le claonadh - chun cosc a chur shedding na hithreach. Na taobhanna agus bun an rialú ar leibhéal pit agus iarnróid fada go leor. Rialú geoiméadracht. Maidir leis an uillinn 90 céim beacht Tá céim amháin. Triantán le taobhanna 3:4:5 m (nó le thaobh go bhfuil iolraithe de na figiúirí) Tá ar uillinn 90 céim. Leagan ar thaobh amháin de na huillinne 3 méadar, ar an taobh eile - 4 agus ní mór an fad idir na pointí seo a bheith go díreach 5 troigh.