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Diabetes Wellness Diabetes Myths There are many myths about diabetes that make it difficult for people to believe some of the hard facts – such as diabetes is a serious and potentially deadly disease. These myths can create a picture of diabetes that is not accurate and full of stereotypes and stigma. Recently the American Diabetes Association tested Americans knowledge of common diabetes myths and facts. See how they scored. Get the facts about diabetes and learn how you can stop diabetes myths and misconceptions. Myth: Diabetes is not that serious of a disease. Fact: Diabetes causes more deaths a year than breast cancer and AIDS combined. Two out of three people with diabetes die from heart disease or stroke. Myth: If you are overweight or obese, you will eventually develop type 2 diabetes. Fact: Being overweight is a risk factor for developing this disease, but other risk factors such as family history, ethnicity and age also play a role. Unfortunately, too many people disregard the other risk factors for diabetes and think that weight is the only risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Most overweight people never develop type 2 diabetes, and many people with type 2 diabetes are at a normal weight or only moderately overweight. Myth: Eating too much sugar causes diabetes. Fact: No, it does not. Type 1 diabetes is caused by genetics and unknown factors that trigger the onset of the disease; type 2 diabetes is caused by genetics and lifestyle factors. Being overweight does increase your risk for developing type 2 diabetes, and a diet high in calories, whether from sugar or from fat, can contribute to weight gain. If you have a history of diabetes in your family, eating a healthy meal plan and regular exercise are recommended to manage your weight. Myth: People with diabetes should eat special diabetic foods. Fact: A healthy meal plan for people with diabetes is generally the same as a healthy diet for anyone – low in fat (especially saturated and trans fat), moderate in salt and sugar, with meals based on whole grain foods, vegetables and fruit. Diabetic and “dietetic” foods generally offer no special benefit. Most of them still raise blood glucose levels, are usually more expensive, and can also have a laxative effect if they contain sugar alcohols. Myth: If you have diabetes, you should only eat small amounts of starchy foods, such as bread, potatoes and pasta. Fact: Starchy foods are part of a healthy meal plan. What is important is the portion size. Whole grain breads, cereals, pasta, rice and starchy vegetables like potatoes, yams, peas and corn can be included in your meals and snacks. The key is portions. For most people with diabetes, having 3-4 servings of carbohydrate-containing foods is about right. Whole grain starchy foods are also a good source of fiber, which helps keep your gut healthy. Myth: People with diabetes can't eat sweets or chocolate. Fact: If eaten as part of a healthy meal plan, or combined with exercise, sweets and desserts can be eaten by people with diabetes. They are no more “off limits” to people with diabetes than they are to people without diabetes. Myth: You can catch diabetes from someone else. Fact: No. Although we don’t know exactly why some people develop diabetes, we know diabetes is not contagious. It can’t be caught like a cold or flu. There seems to be some genetic link in diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle factors also play a part. Myth: People with diabetes are more likely to get colds and other illnesses. Fact: You are no more likely to get a cold or another illness if you have diabetes. However, people with diabetes are advised to get flu shots. This is because any illness can make diabetes more difficult to control, and people with diabetes who do get the flu are more likely than others to go on to develop serious complications. Myth: If you have type 2 diabetes and your doctor says you need to start using insulin, it means you’re failing to take care of your diabetes properly. Fact: For most people, type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease. When first diagnosed, many people with type 2 diabetes can keep their blood glucose at a healthy level with oral medications. But over time, the body gradually produces less and less of its own insulin, and eventually oral medications may not be enough to keep blood glucose levels normal. Using insulin to get blood glucose levels to a healthy level is a good thing, not a bad one. Myth: Fruit is a healthy food. Therefore, it is ok to eat as much of it as you wish. Fact: Fruit is a healthy food. It contains fiber and lots of vitamins and minerals. Because fruits contain carbohydrates, they need to be included in your meal plan. Talk to your dietitian about the amount, frequency and types of fruits you should eat. Diabetes and How It Affects You Nearly 24 million adults and children in the U.S. have been diagnosed with diabetes. Another 57 million people have pre-diabetes, a condition that increases their risk for developing type 2 diabetes. What is Diabetes? The term "diabetes" refers to a number of diseases, the most common being type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. In each, the body does not produce or properly use insulin — a hormone that is needed to convert sugar starches and other food into the energy we need to live. The exact causes of diabetes are still unclear, although both genetics and environmental or lifestyle factors can play an important role in the development of diabetes and its complications. - Type 1 diabetes — In this type of diabetes, the body fails to produce insulin, the hormone that "unlocks" the cells of the body, allowing glucose (sugar) to enter and fuel them. People who have type 1 diabetes must take insulin daily to survive. - Type 2 diabetes — This is the most common form of diabetes. It develops when the body cannot produce or properly use insulin. Older people (and minorities) carry the highest risk for type 2, but a growing number of children and young adults are now being diagnosed with it. - Gestational diabetes — This type of diabetes occurs during pregnancy and then usually goes away after the baby is born. It’s very important to treat gestational diabetes because it can harm the developing fetus. Mothers who experience gestational diabetes are also at greatly increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life. - Pre-diabetes — This is a condition that occurs when a person’s blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. What is the Link Between Diabetes and Being Overweight? Being overweight is a leading risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes and makes treating diabetes more difficult. Studies show that overweight people who lose as little as 10-15 pounds and exercise just 30 minutes a day 5 times a week reduced their risk of developing diabetes by almost 60%. Warning Signs/Symptoms of Diabetes - Unusual thirst - Frequent desire to urinate - Blurred vision - Tired feeling for no apparent reason - Extreme hunger - Irritability - Tingling/numbness in the hands or feet - If you have any of these symptoms, why take chances? See your doctor and ask to be tested for diabetes. Find out for sure.
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Zbog sve većeg broja oboljelih, dijabetes se naziva i epidemijom modernog doba te se 14. novembra obilježava Dan dijabetesa koji upozorava na važnost informiranja i prevencije Postoje dvije najčešće vrste dijabetesa – tip 1 i tip 2. Dijabetes tipa 1 obično se javlja tokom djetinjstva ili adolescencije. Dijabetes tipa 2, koji je i najčešći oblik bolesti, obično se javlja nakon 45 godine života ili kasnije. Međutim, stopa dijagnoza dijabetesa tipa 2 kod djece i adolescenata posljednjih nekoliko godina raste, piše pamf.org. Dijabetes može biti tiha bolest Dijabetes može dugo vremena prikriveno postojati u organizmu bez vidljivih simptoma. Mnogi postanu svjesni da imaju dijabetes kada se suoče s nekim od potencijalno životno opasnih komplikacija koje ova bolest izaziva, poput bolesti srca, sljepoće ili pak živčanih bolesti. Srećom, dijabetesom se može uspješno upravljati uz pravilnu njegu. Treba shvatiti kako je dijabetes hronično i životno stanje koje može imati ozbiljne posljedice. Međutim, opreznim kontroliranjem šećera u krvi, promjenom načina života te uzimanjem lijekova dijabetes se može uspješno kontrolirati te se mogu izbjeći mnogi problemi povezani s ovom bolešću. Upozoravajući znakovi Neki od najčešćih upozoravajućih znakova su: učestalo mokrenje, neobičan osjećaj konstantne žeđi, ekstreman osjećaj gladi, neobičan gubitak težine, stalni osjećaj jakog umora, razdražljivost, zamagljen vid, posjekotine i modrice koje sporo zarastaju, osjećaj trnaca i utrnulosti u rukama i nogama, suha koža te upale mjehura. Međutim često kod dijabetesa tipa 2 ne javljaju se nikakvi simptomi. Dijabetes tipa 1 Dijabetes tipa 1 je bolest koja se javlja kada gušterača prestane proizvoditi inzulin. Inzulin omogućava da šećer u krvi, zvan glukoza, dospije u stanice koje se koriste za proizvodnju energije. Bez inzulina stanice ne dobivaju potreban šećer te se posljedično u krvi nakuplja prevelika količina šećera. Dijabetes tipa 2 Dijabetes tipa 2 je doživotna bolest koja se događa kada stanice u tijelu ne mogu koristiti inzulin na pravi način ili kada gušterača ne može proizvesti dovoljnu količinu inzulina. Inzulin omogućuje da se glukoza apsorbira u stanice te da se iskoristi kao energija. Kada inzulin nije u mogućnosti obavljati svoju zadaću, stanice nisu opskrbljene potrebnim šećerom te se u krvi nakuplja prevelika količina šećera. Tokom vremena taj dodatni šećer u krvi može oštetiti oči, srce, krvne žile, živce i bubrege. Gestacijski dijabetes Gestacijski dijabetes je privremeni oblik inzulinske rezistencije koja se obično javlja tokom trudnoće kao rezultat prekomjerne proizvodnje hormona u tijelu ili nemogućnosti gušterače da proizvede dodatnu količinu inzulina koja je potrebna za vrijeme trudnoće. Pojava gestacijskog inzulina ne mora nužno biti povezana s prethodnom povijesti dijabetesa tipa 1 ili tipa 2. Gestacijski dijabetes obično nestaje nakon trudnoće, ali žene koje su od njega bolovale tokom trudnoće nalaze se u rizičnoj skupini sklonoj kasnijem razvoju dijabetesa tipa 2. Naučnici su pak utvrdili mali postotak slučajeva dijabetesa koji su rezultat specifičnih genetskih sindroma, operacija, lijekova, neishranjenosti, infekcija, virusa i drugih bolesti. Komplikacije koje uzrokuje dijabetes Bolesti srca. Otprilike 75 posto osoba koje imaju dijabetes umire zbog srčanih bolesti ili srčanog udara, vjerovatnije je da će umrijeti u ranijim godinama od ljudi koji ne pate od dijabetesa. Osobe s dijabetesom izložene su većem riziku od kardiovaskularnih bolesti, često u istoj mjeri kao i osobe koje su već preživjele srčani udar. Osobe koje boluju od dijabetesa su dva do četiri puta sklonije bolestima srca i moždanom udaru, a stope smrtnosti od srčanih bolesti su također dva do četiri puta češće kod osoba s dijabetesom. Sljepoća zbog dijabetičke retinopatije. Svake godine više hiljada ljudi gubi vid zbog dijabetesa, a dijabetes je vodeći uzrok sljepoće kod ljudi od 20 do 74 godina starosti. Bubrežne bolesti zbog dijabetičke nefropatije. Između deset i 21 posto osoba s dijabetesom razvija bolest bubrega. Dijabetička nefropatija je vodeći uzrok zatajenja bubrega. Zatajenje bubrega zahtijeva pak dijalizu ili transplataciju tog organa kako bi osoba mogla živjeti. Živčane bolest i amputacija. Oko 60 do 70 posto ljudi s dijabetesom pati od blagog do teškog oštećenja živaca koje može dovesti do amputacije donjih ekstremiteta. U stvari, dijabetes je najčešći uzrok netraumatskih amputacija donjih ekstremiteta pa je tako rizik od amputacije noge kod osoba s dijabetesom 15 do 40 puta veći. Impotencija zbog dijabetičke neuropatije ili blokade krvnih žila. Impotencija zahvaća oko 13 posto muškaraca koji imaju dijabetes tipa 1 i oko osam posto muškaraca koji imaju dijabetes tipa 2. Istraživanja su čak potvrdila kako muškarci stariji od 50 godina koji boluju od dijabetesa imaju 50 do 60 posto da pate od impotencije.