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STRATEGIJA2.6 6/18/03 5:12 PM Page 169 Employment in culture It is necessary to increase employment in culture and the share of cultural professionals in related activities by: enhancing the alignment of the patterns and shares of permanent and flexible employ ment along with stimulating the growth of employment in both sectors; elaborating upon retraining or additional education programs for the unemployed in culture; adapting employment statistics in the sector of culture to the new definition of culture and a broader understanding of the culture sector; participating in measures aimed at reducing the fiscal burden in salaries and income tax and assessing their effects on employment in culture; and promoting existing professional profiles in culture that enable employment in cultural industries as well as in other industrial and economic sectors, particularly cultural tourism. Privatization in culture The process of continued privatization in culture should aim at increasing internal effec tiveness, raising the quality of goods and services, employment, innovation, balancing the budget and enhancing management, which requires the following: the elaboration of a comparative study on existing foreign experiences with privatiza tion in culture and a separate study on Croatia s experience with privatization; passing a special set of privatization laws based on the results of these studies, taking into consideration and applying in the process various privatization models for different areas of culture; adopting compensation measures in the form of financial assistance to privatized seg ments of culture if they are incapable of autonomously operating on the basis of their own cultural programs; and subjecting public cultural institutions to loyal competition of privatized institutions, particularly in the process of allocating funds for proposed programs. arts and cultural industries The connection between arts and cultural industries, namely, between creativity and mar ket production is not easily established. The reasons are many. On one hand is the elitist footer Copyright 2006, Gamahosting.net. Sva prava zadrzana. web hosting hrvatska
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STRATEGIJA2.6 6/18/03 5:12 PM Page 64 Izraditi programe prekvalifikacije ili dodatne izobrazbe za nezaposlene u kulturi, pro grame prilago ene s jedne strane trenutaEnom stanju, tj. ponudi radnih mjesta, a s druge stvaranju radnih mjesta za zanimanja u kulturi putem kojih Ee se poticati odr ivi razvi tak lokalne sredine. Kulturnu statistiku zaposlenosti treba prilagoditi novoj definiciji kulture i kulturnog sektora. Istra iti odnos izme u ukupnog ekonomskog rasta i rasta (ne)zaposlenosti u kulturi, te simulacijski modelirati buduEe trendove pod pretpostavkom primjene koncepcije odr i vog razvitka. Sudjelovati u dono enju mjera fiskalnog rastereEenja plaEa i smanjenja poreza na dohodak koje pojeftinjuju rad, te procijeniti njihov uEinak na zaposlenost u kulturi. Promicati stvaranje profila kulturno umjetniEkih zanimanja kao proizvodnih; unapri jediti postojeEe profile koji omoguEuju zapo ljavanje u kulturnim industrijama kao i drugim industrijskim i gospodarskim granama, posebno u (kulturnom) turizmu. privatizacija U Zapadnoj Europi val privatizacije u kulturi poEeo je 1980 ih, najprije u Velikoj Britaniji (British Telecom), u trendu napu tanja dr ave blagostanja. I uzrok i posljedica toga trenda jest smanjenje proraEunskih sredstava dok su druge posljedice, osobito nam jeravane, npr. poveEavanje racionalnog poslovanja i uEinkovitosti kulturnih ustanova, jo uvijek nedovoljno jasne. Pa ipak, Einjenica da mnogi mogu platiti vi e cijene kulturnih usluga i da se poreznim mehanizmima potiEu sponzorstvo, mecenatstvo i donatorstvo, daje tim zemljama znatnu prednost pred istoEnoeuropskim zemljama, ukljuEujuEi Hr vatsku. Nakraju, dr ava je i dalje neizbje no glavni financijer kulture. U Hrvatskoj je potpuno privatizirano izdava tvo dok je u podruEju filma, videa i tele vizije stanje aroliko (znaEajni udjeli i javnog i privatnog vlasni tva). Ostala podruEja, ukljuEujuEi kulturnu ba tinu, nisu privatizirana. Iskustva privatiziranih podruEja govore o poloviEnim rezultatima (usp. dionice Knji evnost i izdava tvo i Glazba i diskografija). Pitanje je stoga u kojoj mjeri i u kojim podruEjima nastaviti s privatizacijom, i to ponaj prije iz razloga to se sve, osobito s obzirom na mje ovite oblike vlasni tva, mo e sma trati privatizacijom u kulturi. U tom pogledu najprikladnijim se Eini primjer Nizozemske gdje se svaki oblik poveEanja autonomije kulturnih ustanova i organizacija (spram up footer Copyright 2006, Gamahosting.net. Sva prava zadrzana. web hosting hrvatska