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Caries What is it? Caries is a disease of the tooth, which results in the destruction of the enamel and dentin, as a result, on its surface is formed damage “hole”. Dentists there are two stages of decay: early – stage caries spots (white and pigmented), and late – stage formation defect of tooth hard tissues (superficial, middle and deep caries). The reason Caries develops as a result of bacterial activity, abundantly contained in the soft plaque. Plaque, in turn, is formed during the consumption of “soft” thermally processed foods with a high content of carbohydrates. It is the food, which is the main diet of modern man. If dental plaque is not timely removed, the bacteria begin hard to reproduce. The more they get, the more they produce acid, which actually washes out the fluoride and calcium from tooth enamel. Gradually, the enamel is softened, and the bacteria penetrate deeper and deeper into the tooth, damaging it. In the development of dental caries are of great importance to external factors (nutrition, dental hygiene, heredity, and the condition of the whole organism (immune, digestive system etc). In addition to improper cleaning of teeth from plaque cause tooth decay can be a poor diet (lack of protein, vitamins, mineral salts, fluorine), excessive consumption of sweets, as well as stress. What happens? Soft plaque is formed almost immediately during the meal. It contains tiny food debris, and mainly consists of carbohydrates. If the tooth is not cleared within the next 72 hours, soft plaque will harden and quite firmly attached to the tooth. Living in it, the bacteria are able to metabolize carbohydrates into acids. Tooth enamel formed under the influence of acid becomes soft. This is the first stage of the caries – caries spot. Yet the process of damage to the tooth can be stopped. In the second stage of the caries process is compounded. The damage reaches the dentin is the main tissue of the tooth covered by enamel. Dentin is less resistant to caries than enamel, so the destruction of the tooth accelerates and expands in breadth and depth. It is already the middle caries. If at this stage not to treat caries, fracture of dentin will result in the formation of cavities-holes. Will have deep caries. To detect caries is quite simple. Signs of tooth decay: on the teeth (usually on the chewing surfaces) appear dark spots: the tooth surface becomes rough: while eating teeth begin to ache, to respond to sweet and sour, hot and cold: you may receive bad breath: with a toothpick or even language you can find a cavity in a tooth. Caries can so strongly and deeply damage the tooth that will be affected by its delicate part of the pulp, in which are the nerves and blood vessels. Patients suffering from acute pain of those accidents in which the caries went into the pulpit. Diagnosis and treatment If caries is still developing, it is important to visit a dentist for treatment. Deep caries treated much longer and heavier, in addition, it can cause serious complications. The diagnosis of caries sets dentist. He must understand how badly damaged tooth. For this purpose, in addition to the normal inspection of the oral cavity, the patient can assign regeneratio or radiovisiography tooth. Along with the old well-proven and well-known things methods of caries treatment, such as fillings and dental calculus removal, modern dentistry is actively implementing new technologies in the treatment of dental caries. Currently used sparing techniques such as chemical-mechanical treatment of caries, air-kinetic method, laser technology, the use of ozone. All of them allow you to treat caries bezboleznenno, without the use of drills and anesthesia. Treatment of dental caries depends on the degree of destruction of tooth structure. In stage carious spots are remineralization with a special solution. At surface, middle and deep caries rassverlivajut carious cavity, and then put the seal. Prevention It would be wise not to wait for the development of caries, but to prevent its occurrence. It is especially effective to prevent tooth decay in children. Using modern technology, in particular, sealing of fissures of the teeth, the dentist can guarantee that before the next visit (one year) of caries in them will not. To prevent the development of caries is important: eat right. The diet should prevail fresh vegetables and fruits. You should reduce the consumption of sweets and starchy foods: brushing your teeth for 2 minutes in the morning and evening, using the right kind of toothpaste and brushes: promptly remove plaque: in the preventive purposes to visit your dentist 1-2 times per year.
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Karijes uzrokuju bakterije iz naših usta koje se hrane šećerima koje unosimo hranom. Hrana bogata šećerima (slatkiši, kruh, peciva) lijepi se na površinu zuba i stvara naslage koje naseljavaju bakterije. To je plak i predispozicija za nastanak karijesa. Nakuplja se na površinama zuba koje su nedostupne čišćenju zubnom četkicom, npr. između zuba ili grizne površine zuba. Bakterije u plaku probavljaju šećeru i proizvode kiseline koje nagrizaju površinu cakline kroz koju bakterije prodiru dublje u strukturu zuba. Unutrašnjost zuba građena je od dentina koji je mekši od cakline i sadrži mnoštvo kanalića, te ga kiseline koje proizvode bakterije lakše razgrađuju nego calkinu. Zub na prvi pogled može izgledati zdravo, a zapravo postoji znatna destrukcija tkiva. Zato golim okom karijes možemo uočiti tek kada caklina više nema potporu dentina i dolazi do njenog urušavanja te na zubu vidimo šupljinu. Razvoj karijesa