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Self-overcoming: Investigating Nietzsche’s Superman “We stumble on; the Übermensch plants a foot where there is no certain hold; and in the struggle that follows, the whole of us get dragged up.” – William James Friedrich Nietzsche wrote some powerful and gripping philosophy in his day, from which he derived many prolific ideas. And there is probably no concept more perplexing, to both philosophers and laymen alike, than the concept of the Übermensch (which translates loosely to superman, and directly to overman). In this article we will attempt to dissect this curious concept and try to bring some clarity to it so that we can use it as a tool toward our own self-development. The interesting thing is that Nietzsche wasn’t the first person to write about the concept. The term first appeared in Goethe’s Faust (Part I, 1808), 40 years before Nietzsche was born, appearing only once in the entire play: “What vexes you, oh Übermensch!” says a spirit from Heaven responding to Faust’s desperate pleas for a glimpse of the Eternal. No doubt Nietzsche read this play and was so moved by it that he decided to dedicate an entire book to the idea: Thus Spoke Zarathustra. It is Nietzsche’s magnum opus. The book’s single task and raison d’etre(reason for existence) consists in turning the human soul inside out. But it succeeds only if the reader is open enough to receive it. And yet even in Zarathustra there was only one short passage that directly speaks to the concept, although the entire book alludes to it. For our purposes here, we will break down this brief passage and see what we can make out of it. The passage begins… “… Behold, I teach you the overman. Man is something that shall be overcome. What have you done to overcome him? All beings so far have created something beyond themselves; and do you want to be the ebb of this great flood and even go back to the beasts rather than overcome man? What is the ape to man? A laughingstock or a painful embarrassment. And man shall be just that for the overman: a laughingstock or a painful embarrassment…” It seems as though Nietzsche is mocking mankind and its failure to evolve. He seems to be calling for a kind of aggressive evolution, one dependent not upon things being, but upon things becoming, upon things changing and transforming into what nature has in store for it. Similar to the way an acorn becomes a tree, or a caterpillar becomes a butterfly. Our unique chemistry, our primal core, is perhaps similarly transcendent. Like the acorn and the caterpillar, we each have a natural, healthy, transformative process that only nature knows. Perhaps nature knows that just as the ape had to overcome itself to become a man, man must overcome itself to become the overman. The caterpillar is to the butterfly as man is to overman. Maybe this is what Pema Chödrön meant when she wrote, “Only to the extent that we can expose ourselves over and over to annihilation can that which is indestructible in us be found.” “… Behold, I teach you the overman. The overman is the meaning of the earth. Let your will say: the overman shall be the meaning of the earth! I beseech you, my brothers, remain faithful to the earth, and do not believe those who speak to you of otherworldly hopes! Poison-mixers are they, whether they know it or not. Despisers of life are they, decaying and poisoned themselves, of whom the earth is weary: so let them go. Once the sin against God was the greatest sin; but God died, and these sinners died with him. To sin against the earth is now the most dreadful thing…” He is calling for devotion to the earth, saying the overman is literally the meaning of the earth itself. He’s beckoning us to lay siege to otherworldly hopes and embrace the world as it is, in all its earthly glory. It’s almost like he’s trying to remind us to get back in touch with Mother Nature, to reconnect the severed umbilicus, and to quit poisoning her to no end. One can even imagine the overman with deep roots and long branches, pulling the sky down and lifting the earth up in order to reconnect our higher and lower selves. He’s teaching us that in order to avoid self-abnegation we must dive into the primordial self: that place where nature and the human soul merge to become one continuous thing. Otherwise, the modern romance with self-realization consumes itself and our wild self becomes disavowed, as is evident from the suffocating consumerist culture rampant in the world today. When we pull down the afterlife, we pull up the underworld. It is an existential upheaval of monumental proportions. Hence the urgent need for the overman. “… Man is a rope, tied between beast and overman–a rope over an abyss. What is great in man is that he is a bridge and not an end: what can be loved in man is that he is an overture and a going under. I say unto you: one must still have chaos in oneself to be able to give birth to a dancing star. I say unto you: you still have chaos in yourselves. Alas, the time is coming when man will no longer give birth to a star. Alas, the time of the most despicable man is coming, he that is no longer able to despise himself…” He’s basically informing us that man is a cocoon, a passage, a go-between; that man is just the gestation process between the caterpillar of the ape and the butterfly of the overman. We’re merely a bridge between beast and overman. And just as the chaos within a cocoon gives birth to a butterfly, so too will the chaos within ourselves give birth to the overman. But he also warns us, forebodingly, of the despicable man: the result of not becoming a being that gains the ability to overcome itself. Lest we become this despicable man, we must discover the inner-overman, the primordial genius, the coalescent-self, the chameleon of the human condition, the epistemological elite longing to emerge. Some might argue that it’s too late, that the “despicable man” is too much the majority and overmen are too much the minority. Others might argue that’s always been the case. Either way, the goal isn’t to change others. The goal is to reveal to everyone that change is possible and, at the end of the day, its inevitable anyway. So why fight it? In German Überwindung means self-mastery, or self-overcoming. Überwinden means to overcome. Mensch means man, or human. So ‘Self-overcoming Human’ seems to be the most accurate translation of Übermensch. Nietzsche used the overman as a personification of potential eco-centric genius, demonstrating that Truth moves, and moving, demolishes thrones and altars. Indeed, self-overcoming is the life-task of man. If we never discover this life-task, we limit ourselves to merely existing. “He who joyfully marches to music in rank and file has earned my contempt” Einstein wrote. “He has been given a large brain by mistake, since for him the spinal cord would fully suffice.” Lest we inadvertently earn Einstein’s contempt we must discover a method of self-overcoming, of self-questioning, of self-capitulation that pushes us past our inadequate mental paradigms and too-comfortable comfort zones and forces us to brave the enriching storm of life. Nietzsche’s Overman is just such a force. Image Source: Wanderer above a Sea of Fog Zarathustra Bridging the Gap Show Us Some Love & Spread the Light: 5 Comments The concept of the Ubermensch seems synonymous with the concept of the “perfect” human found in eastern philosophies. Kinda makes you wonder. Makes me wonder why they don’t teach you anything like this in school. Thank you for this article Eckhart Tolle wrote “the next step in evolution is to transcend thought”. Overcome self – transcend thought I’m starting to believe more and more that philosophy should be taught in high school, maybe even slightly earlier. Young people should be exposed to people like Nietzsche and his ideas. Learn to ask questions…. about everything! Everyone is looking for the right answers, when it’s the right question they should be looking for.
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Samosvladavanja: Istražni Nietzscheovu Supermana "Mi se spotaknuti na; the Nadčovjek sadi nogom u kojem nema sigurno držanje; iu borbi koja slijedi, Cijela nas se vukao gore "-. William James Friedrich Nietzsche je napisao neki snažan i zanimljiv filozofiju u njegovo vrijeme, iz koje je izvedena mnoge plodan ideje. I tu je vjerojatno nema pojma više zbunjujući, na oba filozofa i laicima podjednako, od koncepta Ubermensch (što znači da se labavo Superman, i izravno Overman). U ovom članku pokušat ćemo secirati ovu neobičnu ideju i pokušati donijeti neke jasnoću na njega, tako da ga možemo koristiti kao alat prema našem vlastitom razvoju. Zanimljivo je da je Nietzsche nije bio prva osoba koja je pisati o konceptu. Pojam se prvi put pojavio u Goethe-a Pesnica (I dio, 1808), 40 godine prije nego Nietzsche je rođen, pojavljuju se samo jednom u cijeloj igri: "Što vas vexes, oh superman!"Kaže duh Nebo reagirati na Faust je očajnim molbama za uvid u Vječni. Nema sumnje da je Nietzsche pročitati ovu igru i bio je toliko dirnut to da je odlučio posvetiti cijelu knjigu na ideju: Thüsen govorio Zaratustra. To je Nietzscheova magnum opus. Jedan zadatak knjige i raison d'etre(Razlog postojanja) sastoji u pretvaranju ljudsku dušu iznutra prema van. Ali to uspije samo ako čitatelj je dovoljno otvoren da ga prime. Pa ipak, čak iu Zaratustra je bio samo jedan kratki prolaz koji izravno govori o konceptu, Iako je cijela knjiga aludira na to. Za naše svrhe ovdje, ćemo razbiti ovaj kratki odlomak i vidjeti što možemo napraviti od njega. Prolaz počinje ... "...Pogledati, Ja vas naučiti Overman. Čovjek je nešto što će se prevladati. Što ste učinili da ga prevladati? Sva bića do sada su stvorili nešto izvan sebe; i ti želiš biti oseka ove velike poplave, pa čak i vratiti na životinjama, a ne prevlada čovjeka? Što je majmun čovjeku? Podsmijeh ili bolan stid. A tko će biti upravo to za Overman: podsmijeh ili bolan stid... " Čini se kao da je Nietzsche je ruganje čovječanstvo i njegov neuspjeh da se razvije. On čini da se pozivaju na svojevrsnoj agresivnog evolucije, prije svega ovisi ne nakon stvari se, , ali nakon stvari postaju, nakon stvari mijenjaju i pretvarajući ono što priroda ima u trgovini za to. Slično kao i način žir postaje stablo, ili gusjenica postaje leptir. Naša jedinstvena kemija, Naša prvobitna jezgra, je možda sličan transcendentnog. Kao žir i gusjenica, svatko od nas ima prirodno, zdrav, transformativni proces koji samo priroda zna. Možda priroda zna da baš kao majmun morao se svladati da postane muškarac, Čovjek se mora prevladati postati poslovođa. Gusjenica je na leptira kao čovjek je poslovođa. Možda je to ono što Pema Chödrön mislio kad je pisao, "Samo u mjeri u kojoj se možemo izložiti više i više uništenja može ono što je neuništivo u nas može naći." "...Pogledati, Ja vas naučiti Overman. Poslovođa je smisao zemlje. Neka vaš će reći:: poslovođa mora biti smisao zemlje! Ja vas molim, moja braća, ostati vjeran zemlji, i ne vjeruju onima koji govore da vas od zagrobni nadama! Poison-mješalice su oni, da li su toga svjesni ili ne. Preziratelji života su oni, propadaju i otrovao se, od kojih je zemlja umorna: pa pusti ih. Nakon što je grijeh protiv Boga bio najveći grijeh; ali Bog je umro, a ovi grešnici umro s njim. Griješiti protiv zemlji sada je većina grozna stvar... " On se poziva na odanost zemlji, kaže poslovođa je doslovno značenje same zemlje. On nas vodi na opsadu zagrobni nadama i prihvatiti svijet kao što je to, u svom svojem sjaju zemaljskog. To je gotovo kao da pokušava da nas podsjeti da se vratim u kontaktu s majkom prirodom, spojite odsječenu pupka, i prestati joj truje da nema kraja. Jedan čak mogu zamisliti Overman s dubokim korijenima i dugim granama, povlačenjem nebo dolje i podižući zemlju gore, kako bi se ponovno povezati naše više i niže sebe. On nas uči da je u cilju izbjegavanja samoodricanje moramo zaroniti u sebe primordijalne: da je mjesto gdje priroda i ljudska duša spajanje kako bi postala jedna kontinuirana stvar. Inače, moderna romansa s samospoznaje se troši i naša divlja sebe postaje odbijao, kao što je vidljivo iz zagušljive konzumerističke kulture raširen u današnjem svijetu. Kad smo srušiti u zagrobni život, Zaustavljamo se podzemni. To je egzistencijalni nemiri monumentalnih razmjera. Stoga hitna potreba za Overman. "...Čovjek je konop, vezao između zvijeri i poslovođa–konop preko ponora. Ono što je sjajno u čovjeku je da je on most, a ne kraj: ono što može biti voljen u čovjeku jest to da je uvertira i ide pod. Ja vam kažem: još uvijek mora imati kaos u sebe da bi mogli roditi plesnom zvijezdom. Ja vam kažem: još uvijek su kaos u sebi. Avaj jao meni, dolazi vrijeme kada će se čovjek više ne rađaju zvijezde. Avaj jao meni, Vrijeme od najvažnijih nedostojna čovjeka dolazi, je da više nije u stanju da se preziru... " On je u osnovi nas informira da je čovjek čahura, prolaz, go-između; da je čovjek pravedan proces trudnoće između gusjenica majmuna i leptira u Overman. Mi smo samo most između zvijeri i poslovođa. I baš kao što je kaos unutar čahure rađa leptir, tako će kaos u sebi roditi Overman. No, on također upozorava nas, forebodingly, od prezira čovjeka: rezultat ne postane biće koje dobiva sposobnost da se prevladaju. Da ne bismo postali to prezira čovjek, moramo otkriti unutrašnji Overman, iskonska genij, sjedinjavanjem-sebe, kameleona ljudskog stanja, epistemološka elita čežnja rađati. Neki tvrde da je prekasno, da "prezira čovjek" je previše i većina overmen su previše manjina. Drugi tvrde da je uvijek bio slučaj. Bilo kako bilo, Cilj je da neće mijenjati druge. Cilj je otkriti svima da je promjena moguća i, na kraju dan, Ionako je to neizbježno. Pa zašto se boriti protiv toga? U njemačkom jeziku Prevladavanje znači samokontroli, ili self-prevladavanja. Pobijediti prevladavanje. Čovjek znači čovjek, ili ljudski. Dakle, 'Self-prevladavanju Human' čini se da je najtočniji prijevod Nadčovjek. Nietzsche je iskoristio Overman kao personifikacija potencijalnog eko-centric genija, pokazujući da je istina poteze, i kreće, ruši prijestolja i oltara. Doista, samosvladavanja je životni zadatak čovjeka. Ako mi nikada otkriti ovaj životni zadatak, ćemo se ograničiti na samo postojeće. "On koji je radosno marševa glazbu u čin i datoteka je zaradio svoj prezir" Einstein je napisao. "On je dao veliki mozak greškom, jer za njega leđna moždina bi u potpunosti biti dosta. "Da ne bismo slučajno zaraditi Einsteinovu prezir moramo otkriti metodu samosvladavanja, samo-ispitivanja, samoupravljanja kapitulacije koja nas gura prošlosti naših neadekvatnih mentalne paradigme i previše udobne zone udobnosti i tjera nas da se hrabri obogaćuje buru života. Nietzscheova Overman je upravo takva sila. Izvor slike: Wanderer iznad mora magle Zaratustra Premošćivanje jaza Komentari I’m starting to believe more and more that philosophy should be taught in high school, maybe even slightly earlier. Young people should be exposed to people like Nietzsche and his ideas. Learn to ask questions…. about everything! Everyone is looking for the right answers, when it’s the right question they should be looking for. Eckhart Tolle wrote “the next step in evolution is to transcend thought”. Overcome self – transcend thought The concept of the Ubermensch seems synonymous with the concept of the “savršen” human found in eastern philosophies. Kinda makes you wonder. Makes me wonder why they don’t teach you anything like this in school. Hvala vam na ovom članku