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This manual is for GNU Typist (version 2.9.5, 18 August 2013), a program to learn typing in several languages and for different keyboard layouts. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”. GNU Typist is an interactive typing tutor that can help you to type correctly. It has several lessons for different keyboard layouts and in different languages. The lessons for gtypist are described in a easy-to-learn scripting language that the user can use to modify the existing lessons or create new ones. GNU Typist (or gtypist) is free software; this means that everyone is free to use it and free to redistribute it on certain conditions. The precise conditions are found in the GNU General Public License that comes with this program and also follows this section. You can obtain GNU Typist from a friend or from the Internet: ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gtypist/ http://www.gnu.org/software/gtypist/ http://www.gnu.org/software/gtypist/doc/ http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/gtypist/ Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. http://fsf.org/ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works. The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program—to make sure it remains free software for all its users. 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Copyright (C) year name of author This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/. Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: program Copyright (C) year name of author This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type ‘show w’. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type ‘show c’ for details. The hypothetical commands ‘show w’ and ‘show c’ should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program’s commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an “about box”. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/. The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html. GNU Typist is an interactive typing tutor program. It uses an input file to create a series of typing tutorials, drills, and speed tests. It is intended to be used on raw terminals without graphics. It has been compiled and used on GNU/Linux and Unix (OpenBSD, AIX, Solaris) and also on Windows. The program reads lessons written in an easy-to-learn scripting language. It is distributed with several complete and good lessons. You can use them, modify them or create new lessons (see Create new lessons and see Script file commands). If a script file is not specified on the command line, a default file gtypist.typ will be used. (See details about the path in the section see Environment Variables). The top line of the screen displays a banner. The bottom line of the screen displays a message line, queries, and other status information. The lines in between are used for the tutorials, drills, and speed tests. There are two types of typing exercises: drills and speed tests. In a drill, gtypist displays text in every other line on the screen, and waits for the user to correctly type the exact same text in the intermediate lines. Typing errors are indicated with an inverse ‘^’, or ‘>’ if the character is a newline and at the end of the exercise it calculates the real and effective rate in Words Per Minute (WPM). If there were too many errors, it will re-run the drill. Backward deleting of previously typed characters to correct errors is not allowed. In a speed test, gtypist displays text on the screen, and waits for the user to correctly over-type the exact same text. It indicates typing errors, and at the end of the test it calculates the real and effective rate in WPM. If there were too many errors, it will re-run the speed test. Backward deleting of previously typed characters to correct errors is permitted, but errors still accumulate. If you already made too many mistakes, then you can use ESC to give up and start again. You can also skip a lesson by pressing ESC twice. Once you complete a lesson, you will be asked whether you want to repeat it. There are also “practice only” exercises (of both drills and speed tests) which you won’t have to repeat at all. But we won’t tell you when this is the case, so you’ll have to give your best anyway ;-) In typing speed reports, a word is deemed to be five characters, so the raw (gross) WPM is the number of characters in the test passage, divided by five, then divided again by the number of minutes elapsed in typing the passage. The adjusted WPM factors in the errors; each error is counted as a mistyped word. If preferred, speeds can be displayed in Characters Per Minute (CPM). This can be done by specifying “–scoring=cpm” at the command line. The syntax to invoke GNU Typist is: gtypist [ Options... ] [ script_file ] -b, --personal-best gtypist will keep track of your personal best typing speeds and tell you when you’ve beaten them. Best typing speeds are saved in a “bestlog” in the user’s home directory. -e, --error-max Specifies the default maximum error percentage. The default value is 3.0 and it must be between 0.0 and 100.0. There is a corresponding script file command (see Script file commands) which only overrides this if it is stricter (smaller). This value is ignored for “practice only” drills. -n, --notimer gtypist will display the typing speeds in WPM after both drills and speed tests. However, the lessons appear to be written for a program that only does this for speed tests. To make gtypist behave in a manner that matches the lessons, that is, to sup WPM reports on drills, use -n or --notimer. -t, --term-cursor gtypist creates its own flashing block cursor on the screen, to help distinguish between the cursor and reverse video error indications. Setting -t or --term-cursor suppresses this, and forces the program to use the terminal’s cursor instead. -f, --curs-flash Sets the block cursor flash period in tenths of a second. A value of 0 indicates no cursor flashing. The default is 10, and the maximum is 512. This option is ignored if -t or --term-cursor has been set. -c, --colo[u]rs In normal operation, gtypist uses only normal and reverse video attributes in monochrome mode. This option may be used to specify the foreground and background colours on terminals that support colours. The colours are specified as two integers, in the range 0 to 7, separated by commas, setting the foreground and background colours. The colour codes 0 to 7 indicate black, red, green, yellow, blue, magenta, cyan, and white respectively. The default colours string is 7,0 - white on black. The option is ignored if the terminal does not support colours. -s, --silent When gtypist detects a typing error, it will beep the terminal. Use this option to silence the beep. -q, --quiet Same as -s or --silent. -l, --start-label Specifies the label in the script file at which gtypist begins executing (see script files and commands below for information on labels). If this option is not used, gtypist begins execution at the first line of the file. -w, --word-processor With this option, gtypist will try to mimic a word processor in certain ways when executing an exercise. It will treat space at the end of a line as a correctly typed character, and word wrap. It will treat return at the end of a line as a signal to move to the start of the next paragraph if applicable. It will compress multiple spaces into a single space. And it will skip over hyphens found at the end of a line. -k, --no-skip Prohibit the user from skipping lessons or exiting from lessons via ESC ESC. -i, --show-errors Highlight errors with reverse video. -S, --always-sure Skips confirmation questions. --banner-colo[u]rs Change the color of the banner at the top of the screen. Color values are the same as for the –colo[u]rs command. The default value is 0,6,5,1 - black foreground, cyan background, magenta program name and red version name. --scoring Change the scoring mode. WPM and CPM modes are available, with the default being WPM. You also have to set the environment variable LANG if you want to run gtypist in your native language. See Environment Variables. In some languages like French, some interface messages are longer than in English. Therefore, you may need to make your terminal larger before invoking the tool. Otherwise, the text on the lower left may overlap with the string on the lower right. Examples: To run the default lessons of lesson gtypist.typ: gtypist To run the lesson in Spanish: gtypist esp.typ To instruct gtypist to look for lesson bar.typ in a non standard directory /home/foo: export GTYPIST_PATH="/home/foo" gtypist bar.typ To run the lessons in the file test.typ of directory /tmp, starting at label TEST1, using the terminal’s cursor, and running silently: gtypist -t -q -l TEST1 /tmp/test.typ The following lessons are supplied with GNU Typist : Quick QWERTY course in English Long QWERTY course in English QWERTY touch typing in English Yet Another QWERTY in English QWERTY Review in English Dvorak touch typing in English Colemak touch typing in English Typing drills in English Speed drills in English Calculator keypad in English Compendium of all previous lessons in English Lessons in Czech QWERTY course in Spanish Lessons in Russian These lessons are the standard lessons from Ktouch 1.6, which have been converted to gtypist’s file format with the included script, tools/ktouch2typ.pl. The files are: ktbg.typ (bulgarian.ktouch.xml), ktbg_long.typ (bulgarian_long.ktouch.xml), ktde.typ (german.ktouch.xml), ktde2.typ (german3.ktouch.xml), ktde_neo.typ (german.neo.ktouch.xml), ktde_number.typ (german.number.ktouch.xml), ktdk.typ (danish.ktouch.xml), ktdk2.typ (danish2.ktouch.xml), ktdvorak.typ (dvorak.ktouch.xml), ktdvorak_es.typ (dvorak_es.ktouch.xml), ktdvorak_abcd.typ (dvorak_ABCD.ktouch.xml), kten.typ (english.ktouch.xml), ktes.typ (spanish.ktouch.xml), ktes_cat.typ (catalan.ktouch.xml), ktfi.typ (finnish.ktouch.xml), ktfi_kids.typ (finnish_for_kids.ktouch.xml), ktfr.typ (french.ktouch.xml), ktfr2.typ (french2.ktouch.xml), kthu.typ (hungarian.ktouch.xml), kthu_expert.typ (hungarian_expert.ktouch.xml), ktit.typ (italian.ktouch.xml), ktnl.typ (nederlands.ktouch.xml), ktnl_junior.typ (nederlands_junior.ktouch.xml), ktno.typ (norwegian.ktouch.xml), ktpl.typ (polish.ktouch.xml), ktru.typ (russian.ktouch.xml), ktru_long.typ (russian_long.ktouch.xml), ktru_slava.typ (russian_slava.ktouch.xml), ktsi.typ (slovenian.ktouch.xml), kttr.typ (tr.ktouch.xml), german2.ktouch.xml has not been included because it is from the same source as ttde.typ and ttde.typ contains more information. This is the German lesson of tipptrainer 0.6.0, which has been converted using tools/tt2typ.pl. It is quite extensive and has good explanations along the way. If you find errors in these lessons, if you modify any of them or if you write a new lesson, please release it with a free license and tell us about it, by writing an email to bug-gtypist@gnu.org. typefortune lets you practice with text from fortune. SYNTAX: typefortune [-dslh] [-n count] [-o  ] Use D: instead of Run fortune with Run fortune with Practice   fortunes. Pass options to gtypist, in the form option (boolean option, -o word-processor), option,value (option with value, i.e. -o e,1.0) where option is the name of the option (short or long) with all leading dashes removed. You need to quote the argument to -o if you are specifying more than one argument: typefortune -n 3 -o 'silent e,5 word-processor'. GNU Typist reads in the data for its typing lessons from a script file. With the exception of comments and blank lines, each line in the file is of the format command_char : command_data Here, command_char is a single character code that defines an action for gtypist to take, and command_data is data for that command. If command_char is a space character, this indicates that the line is a continuation of the preceding non-space command. The ‘:’ separator must be in column two of the line. Comment lines are lines beginning with a ‘#’ character, and are ignored, as are blank lines. Comment lines may have any format provided that they begin with ‘#’; other lines must have the above format. You should read the introduction so that you are familiar with the basics: See Introduction. The following is a list of valid command_char values: This command clears the complete screen. If any command_data is present, it is displayed in the one-line banner at the top of the screen, and remains in place until the next B command. This command may not be continued on the following line; it is a single line command. This presents a tutorial, and is a multi-line command, up to the limit of the screen length. Each line in the command is simply printed to the screen. This command clears the screen beneath the top banner line. After the display is done, the program waits before proceeding. This indicates a label in the file. The label may be the target of a N or F command. Labels may contain any character except space (this restriction was added in gtypist 2.9), and are a single line command. Labels must be unique within lesson files. White-space at the end of labels is ignored. The I command can display some brief instructions above a drill or a speed test. Only two lines or less are permitted. Unlike the T command, it does not wait for any further key-presses before proceeding. So it should really always be followed by an exercise. It clears the whole screen exercise area, so in this respect it’s just like a two-line This command is the new way to create menus (since gtypist 2.7). Here is the syntax: M: [UP=RETURN_LABEL|_EXIT] "title" :LABEL1 "item1" :LABEL2 "item2" ... This will display a convenient menu made from the specified items and let the user to choose from them. If an item was selected, gtypist will continue script execution from the corresponding label. If the Escape key was pressed and UP label is defined, gtypist will go to the UP label likewise, or quit from, if there is ``_EXIT'' in the place of the label. If the UP label is not defined, gtypist will try to return to the previous menu and jump to the last label met in the script before previous M command. If there is no such label and some menu was displayed before the current one, gtypist will just go to the beginning of the script. If none of the previous conditions were met, gtypist will just exit from the script. The above details make it natural to create menu hierarchies without using UP labels. The title and all descriptions must be wrapped in quotes (""). Additionally, there must be at least one space between UP=XXX and "title" and between the labels and the corresponding descriptions. This command was introduced as an easy way to arrange various parts of lesson files into single menu hierarchy which can be easily navigated, as well as a replacement for ancient F-key menus. See the existing lesson-files for examples. This command is called drill, and it is one of two types of typing exercises. It is a multi-line command. The text is displayed in every second line, and you type in the intermediate lines. Because of this, you cannot use more than 11 lines of drill content. This type of exercise is supposed to be used for finger training (i.e. jfjfjjf), but may also contain complete words and sentences if they are used to practice something (i.e. a letter/syllable/"grip"), and aren’t real texts. The lowercase version d is a “practice only” drill - the user will not have not repeat this drill if he/she made too many mistakes. This is the second type of typing exercise: the speed test. It is a multi-line command. It displays its text on the screen, and prompts the user to type on top of it. That’s why you can use up to 22 lines of text for one speed test. In a speed test you can correct your mistakes, but this will not decrease the error-count. Speed tests should be used for typing (mostly) complete sentences, texts or files (i.e. a letter, texinfo/html/tex files). The lowercase version s is a practice only speed test: the user will not have not repeat this drill if (s)he made too many mistakes. This causes gtypist to go to the label in command_data, and continue execution of the script there. This is a single line command. This command command prompts its text on the message line, and waits for a Y or an N before proceeding. Other characters are ignored. As a side effect, you can hit an F-key if it is bound (a deprecated way to create the prompt for menus). This is like G, except that the goto is executed only if the result of the last Q command was Y. This is like G, except that the goto is executed only if the result of the last Q command was N. This command is deprecated in favor of M: This binds a function key to a label. The format of the data line following this command must be fkey_number:label, where fkey_number is a function key number in the range 1 to 12, and label is a label to go to when this key is pressed. A value of NULL for label removes any label binding from the key. If function keys are not available on the terminal other keys can be used: 1 to 9 to replace F1 to F9, 0 to replace F10, A for F11 and S for F12. Other alternatives for the keys F1 to F12 are the combinations: Ctrl-Q, Ctrl-W, Ctrl-E, Ctrl-R, Ctrl-T, Ctrl-Z, Ctrl-U, Ctrl-I, Ctrl-O, Ctrl-P, Ctrl-A and Ctrl-S. This is also useful where function keys are intercepted by other programs (for example by a window manager). This command is used to set the highest error-rate permitted for the next drill ( E: %) or for all following drills until the next If --error-max/-e is specified then this command will only have an effect if it is stricter than the value specified on the command-line. command_data consists of the value (between 0.0 and 100.0), followed by ‘%’ (this is required so that scripts are more readable). A special value of default or Default sets the error-max value back to the default. This command (“set on-failure label”) is used to set the label (in command_data) where the user will have to go to if (s)he fails an exercise. Usually, this command only applies to the next exercise, but you can make it persistent by putting a ‘*’ at the end of command_data. If label is NULL then this resets the label. This command causes gtypist to exit. It is a single line command. Any command_data is ignored. The program also exits if the end of the file is found (so you could also place a label there and just G to it) Here is a tiny example script to demonstrate the available commands (tinydemo.typ lesson file): # Minimal demonstration B: Typing tutor demonstration *:LOOP K:1:QDONE T:This is a small example tutor script. A better :example may be found in the demo.typ file that :accompanies GNU Typist I:Here is an example of a drill: D:asdf ghjkl; I:And here is an example of a speed test: S:qwe rt yu iop *:QDONE Q:Seen enough yet? [Y/N] N:LOOP X: This section provides guidelines and hints for creating new lessons (or improving existing ones). A very easy way to write lessons is to write them in the format that ktouch 1.0 uses, and then convert it to a gtypist lesson using tools/ktouchOLD2typ.pl. This will take care of writing “jump-tables”, a menu and a bit more. The ktouch-1.0-format consists only of lessons, which are preceded by their names, and separated by blank lines and/or comments (‘#’ at the beginning of the line). So the first non-blank, non-comment line in the file is the name of the first lesson, and the first lesson consists of all the lines up to the next comment or blank line. After the separator (comment or blank line) the name of the second lesson follows and so on. This is an example of a three-lesson ktouch file (excerpts from the first three lessons of german.ktouch): # # Deutsche Training-Datei für KTouch # Grundstellung f f f f f f fff fff fff f f f f f f fff fff fff f f f f f f f fff j j j j j j jjj jjj jjj j j j j j j jjj jjj jjj j j j j j j j jjj fff jjj fff jjj jjj fff jjj fff fjf fjf fjf jfj jfj jfj fjf jfjfj Grundstellung fff jjj ddd kkk aaa ööö fff jjj ddd kkk aaa ööö fff jjj ddd kkkff fda jkö fda jkö fda jkö fda jkö fda jkö fda jkö fda jkö fda jköfd s s s s s s sss sss sss s s s s s s sss sss sss s s s s s s s sss #Zwei wichtige Vokale: e und i e und i asdf ölkj fdsa jklö asdf ölkj fdsa jklö asdf ölkj fdsa jklö asdfö das dass lös fad dass lös als dass las lös fad dass als dass dass ded ded ded dej dek del deö ded deö del dek dej ded dej dek delde Once you are done, use tools/ktouchOLD2typ.pl to convert the file: ‘ktouchOLD2typ.pl lesson.ktouch’ converts lesson.ktouch to lesson.typ. It is important that the input file ends in ‘.ktouch’, otherwise ktouchOLD2typ.pl will skip it. Warning: this will overwrite lesson.typ without asking you ! You can customize the number of lines that ktouchOLD2typ.pl uses for each drill by modifying the relevant variable in tools/ktouchOLD2typ.pl. Obviously, the disadvantage of this is that you cannot make use of all of gtypist’s features (but the output file is very readable, so you can edit it to use more of gtypist’s features). If you prefer, you can use the new ktouch 1.6 XML file format, which looks like this (from english.ktouch.xml: SAMPLE TITLE   SAMPLE COMMENT       jf   ff jjj jf jfj j jff fjjf ff jfj j jff ff jjj fjj fjj fjf jfj jjj   f fjjf jjj fjjf jfj fjjf f j fjj jff j fjj jf jjj fjjf f f fjf   fjjf jff jjj ff jf fjjf fjjf f fjj fjj jf fjf j jj f j fjj jj jjj   ...       kd   jjd fdfj rd djd jk jd k dd fjk fd fk k jfkd dkkf fk dkd dd jk k   dfj djd fkkk fk dff d dkkf fd fk fdfj fk k dkkf djd dff dkd dff   dkd kdk k dkkf k jk fkkk jd k jfkd fk fk jd k d dkd jd k dd rd dffd   ... In this format, the content of the   tag acts as a title for the following drill. You can convert *.ktouch.xml to *.typ with ‘ktouch2typ.pl lesson.ktouch.xml’, which will create lesson.ktouch.typ (again, this may overwrite without asking you). Using gtypist-mode.el you can quickly create lessons with text from the program fortune (or the Emacs-internal yow if fortune isn’t available, as is usually the case on Windows). Once you installed gtypist-mode.el (see Emacs mode), you can open a file with the ‘.typ’ extension and run C-c C-f to create a drill ( D: by default, use C-u or C-u C-u prefix to change). (possibly mixed with “real” exercises) followed by a “final test”. esp.typ uses this scheme. I:Use your J-finger for the H key. *:_T_R_L23 D:jjj jhj jjj jhj jjj jhj The tools/findwords script in the GNU Typist sources is there to assist you in creating new lessons. In the beginning when you are creating a new tutorial from scratch, it’s not very easy to form words and even sentences while the range of letters you can use is restricted. Sometimes you want to insert some paragraph “targeted” at some special combination of two or three letters. This is even harder. For this purpose we created findwords. It uses the dictionaries from the aspell database (free multilingual spellchecker). You will need the aspell and aspell-LG packages, where LG is the ISO language code for the language you want to use. After a successful installation, you will have to make a little change in your configuration so that aspell’s master database is the one of your language. This can be done two different ways: master LANGUAGE /usr/lib/aspell/LG In the above, LG means ISO language code (eg. ‘en’, ‘fr’, ‘cs’) and LANGUAGE means name of the database in /usr/lib/aspell (eg. ‘english.multi’, ‘french’, ‘czech’). You can try if it works by typing: aspell dump master | less The syntax is as follows: ./findwords letters [combination] In the mandatory letters argument you must list the letters that you want use without any spaces. You may use the dot (‘.’) to say ‘all letters’. The second argument combination is optional and you can specify there what combination of letters are you searching for. Some examples: ./findwords asdfjkleruio ./findwords asdfjkleruio sa ./findwords . col gtypist now comes with an Emacs major-mode which does syntax-highlighting, indentation and has some convenient commands for counting labels, a goto-label-command, inserting properly centered banners, special comments and a bit more. Copy this file from tools/gtypist-mode.el to wherever you put your local elisp files (e.g. ~/elisp) and put this in your ~/.emacs (adapt path!): (autoload 'gtypist-mode "~/elisp/gtypist-mode") or put it in load-path (‘make install’ in the sources should take care of this for GNU Emacs, or if you are using the Debian package, it installs it here for you) and use this instead: (autoload 'gtypist-mode "gtypist-mode") and add this to your ~/.emacs: (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.typ\\'" . gtypist-mode) auto-mode-alist)) All this is also mentioned in the README-section of tools/gtypist-mode.el. Here are the commands along with the keybindings: This shows gtypist’s texinfo-documentation, starting at node “Script file commands” (see Script file commands). With prefix, start at the top-node. Query for a label to go to (with completion). This command inserts the next label in a numbered sequence of labels. For example, if you insert *:SERIES1_L1 and hit C-c C-l then gtypist-mode will insert *:SERIES1_L2 This command inserts a centered B: command. It’s centered on 66 columns because “gtypist  ” is in the right corner (prompts for content). Inserts a horizontal rule (comment) consisting of dashes. Insert the comments (header) and a label to start a new lesson (prompts for name). Insert a drill ( D:) with text from fortune (or yow if fortune isn’t available). Use C-u prefix to get S:, and C-u C-u to get Run C-h m for a complete list of commands and their keybindings. If you find bugs or if you think there’s something else this mode could do, please write to bug-gtypist@gnu.org. File tools/gtypist.vim provides vim syntax highlighting for gtypist lesson files (vim 5.x, 6.x and 7.x (and higher)). To install it for version 5.x (or any version on Windows), copy the file to where the syntax-files go (for example /usr/share/vim/vim56/syntax/ for Vim 5.6; if everything else fails you can search for e.g. xml.vim) and add this to ~/.vimrc ($HOME/_vimrc on Windows): autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.typ set ft=gtypist Installation for Vim >= 6.x is simpler: first create ~/.vim/syntax/: mkdir -p ~/.vim/syntax and put tools/gtypist.vim in there. Finally add this to ~/.vimrc: autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.typ setf gtypist In case you are using the debian package, gtypist.vim will already be installed for you, but you need to enable it explicitly: sudo apt-get install vim-addon-manager vim-addons install gtypist In any case, make sure that the vimrc file has the following command at the top ahead of all other autocmd-commands: autocmd! " Remove ALL autocommands for the current group (which avoids problems if vimrc is sourced more than once). And if you haven\’t done it already, you need to enable syntax highlighting (this may need to be before the autocmd ... gtypist). syntax on " turn on syntax highlighting You can verify that tools/gtypist.vim is active by running :set ft? in vim, which should return filetype=gtypist. All of this is also mentioned in the README-section of tools/gtypist.vim. GNU Typist uses the following environment variables: LANG GNU Typist offers Native Language Support (NLS) with support of the gettext library, this means that if your system supports it, the language of the messages shown by gtypist can be chosen. By now gtypist is distributed with messages in English, Czech, Finnish, French, German and Spanish. To use a particular NLS use the environment variable LANG and set it to the appropriate ‘LL_CC’ combination where ‘LL’ is an ISO 639 two-letter language code and ‘CC’ is an ISO 3166 two-letter country code (e.g. ‘es_ES’ for Spain and de_DE for Germany). In some systems it will be also necessary to set the environment variable LANGUAGE to the same value. If you want to translate messages to a different language (or if you want to correct a message), please communicate it to bug-gtypist@gnu.org. GTYPIST_PATH Lists the directories that the program will look in for script files. It has the standard format for paths, that is, a list of directories separated by ‘:’s. To open a script, gtypist will try the following paths: (1) to use the script name alone (2) it will append each one of the directories specified in the variable GTYPIST_PATH and (3) it will append the directory used during the installation process (e.g. /usr/local/share/gtypist or /usr/share/gtypist). TERM Used by curses to manage the display. TERMINFO This may need to be set if the path to the terminfo database is different between the system the binary was compiled on and the one it is being run on. For example, in older Slackware systems, the terminfo database resides in /usr/lib/terminfo. On RedHat Linux, it is in /usr/share/terminfo. If the program complains about the terminal type, and the value of TERM is correct, check into this. GNU Typist does not go to much effort to minimize terminal output. In particular, the flashing block cursor can cause a lot of cursor movement. Using the terminal’s own cursor will help if this becomes a problem. In speed tests, the program does not allow backspacing or deletion past the beginning of the screen line, or back through Tab characters. This is purely to simplify screen updating. Colour curses modes do not seem to work well with UnixWare. In particular, reverse video is not always rendered correctly on some terminal types, and xterms. 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1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 6.1 7.1 9.1 9.2 9.3 11.1 11.2 11.3 14.1 15.1 16.1 18.1 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 22.1 22.2 24.1 24.2 26.1 26.2 26.3 28.1 30.1 30.2 32.1 32.2 32.3 34.1 36.1 37.1 39.1 39.2 39.3 41.1 41.2 41.3 43.1 45.1 47.1 49.1 51.1 53.1 53.2 55.1 55.2 55.3 57.1 59.1 61.1 63.1 65.1 67.1 67.2 69.1 69.2 69.3 71.1 73.1 73.2 73.3 75.1 75.2 75.3 75.4 77.1 77.2 77.3 79.1 79.2 79.3 81.1 83.1 83.2 85.1 87.1 87.2 89.1 89.2 91.1 91.2 91.3 93.1 93.2 93.3 95.1 97.1 97.2 97.3 97.4 99.1 101.1 103.1 105.1 107.1 107.2 110.1 112.1 113.1 114.1 115.1 117.1 118.1 119.1 119.2 120.1 122.1 123.1 124.1 125.1 127.1 129.1 131.1 132.1 133.1 133.2 134.1 135.1 137.1 137.2 139.1 139.2 141.1 142.1 145.1 147.1 147.2 147.3
"Fossies" - the Fresh Open Source Software archive Member "docear-1.1.0.1_stable_build232/freeplane_framework/windows-installer/gpl-2.0_croatian.txt" (22 Oct 2013, 17290 Bytes) of archive /linux/misc/docear_source.zip: As a special service "Fossies" has tried to format the requested source page into HTML format using source code syntax highlighting with prefixed line numbers. Alternatively you can here view or download the uninterpreted source code file. That can be also achieved for any archive member file by clicking within an archive contents listing on the first character of the file(path) respectively on the according byte size field. 1 GNU OPĆA JAVNA LICENCA 2 verzija 2, lipanj 1991. 4 Ovo je neslužbeni prijevod GNU Opće javne licence na hrvatski jezik. Nije ga objavio Free Software Foundation i zakonito ne izriče uvjete distribucije programa koji koriste GNU GPL -- to čini samo izvorni, engleski tekst GNU GPL-a. Međutim, nadamo se da će ovaj prijevod pomoći hrvatskim čitateljima u boljem razumijevanju GPL-a. 6 This is an unofficial translation of the GNU General Public License into Croatian. It was not published by the Free Software Foundation, and does not legally state the distribution terms for software that uses the GNU GPL--only the original English text of the GNU GPL does that. However, we hope that this translation will help Croatian speakers understand the GNU GPL better. Free Software Foundation, Inc. 10 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. Umnažanje i distribuiranje primjeraka ove licence jednakih izvorniku dopušteno je svakomu, no njeno je mijenjanje zabranjeno. Predgovor Licence većine programa nastoje vam oduzeti slobodu da ih dijelite i mijenjate. Tomu nasuprot, GNU Opća javna licenca jamči vam slobodu dijeljenja i mijenjanja slobodnih programa -- kako bi program bio slobodan za sve svoje korisnike. Ova Opća javna licenca vrijedi za veći dio programa Free Software Foundationa i bilo koji drugi program čiji se autor obveže na njeno korištenje. (Neke druge programe Free Software Foundationa pokriva GNU Opća javna licenca za knjižnice.) I vi je možete primjeniti na svoje programe. Kada govorimo o slobodnim programima, govorimo o slobodi, a ne cijeni. Naša Opća javna licenca je stvorena kako bi vam zajamčila slobodu distribuiranja primjeraka slobodnih programa (i, ako želite, naplaćivanje toga), primanje izvornog koda ili mogućnost da ga dobijete, mogućnost mijenjanja programa ili korištenja njegovih dijelova u novim slobodnim programima; te saznanje da to možete učiniti. Kako bi zaštitili vaša prava, moramo postaviti ograničenja koja zabranjuju bilo kome poricanje ovih prava ili zahtjev da ih se odreknete. Ova ograničenja predstavljaju određene odgovornosti za vas ako distribuirate ili mijenjate primjerke programa. Na primjer, ako distribuirate primjerke takvog programa, besplatno ili ne, primateljima morate dati sva prava koja imate i sami. Također, oni moraju dobiti izvorni kod ili mogućnost njegova dobivanja. A vi ih morate obavijestiti o ovim uvjetima kako bi znali svoja prava. Vaša prava štitimo u dva koraka: 1. stavljajući autorska prava na program, te 2. nudeći vam ovu licencu koja vam omogućava zakonito umnažanje, distribuiranje i/ili mijenjanje programa. Također, zbog zaštite svakog autora i nas, želimo biti sigurni da svi razumiju da za ovakve slobodne programe nema jamstva. Ako program netko promijeni i pošalje dalje, želimo da njegovi primatelji znaju kako ono što su dobili nije izvornik, kako bilo kakvi problemi u takvoj verziji ne bi utjecali na ugled izvornog autora. Na kraju, svakom slobodnom programu stalno prijete patenti. Želimo izbjeći opasnost individualnog licenciranja od strane redistributora slobodnog programa, što bi program učinilo vlasništvom. Da to spriječimo, razjasnili smo kako svaki patent mora biti licenciran za svačiju slobodnu uporabu ili uopće ne biti licenciran. Slijede točne obveze i uvjeti za umnažanje, distribuiranje i mijenjanje. GNU OPĆA JAVNA LICENCA OBVEZE I UVJETI ZA UMNAŽANJE, DISTRIBUIRANJE I MIJENJANJE Ova Licenca vrijedi za svaki program ili drugo djelo koje sadrži obavijest vlasnika autorskog prava prema kojoj se ono može distribuirati pod uvjetima ove Opće javne licence. Pojam "Program" nadalje se odnosi na svaki takav program ili djelo, a "djelo zasnovano na Programu" odnosi se na Program ili bilo koji rad izveden iz njega po zakonu o autorskim pravima: dakle, djelo koje sadrži program ili njegov dio, točan ili s promjenama i/ili preveden na drugi jezik. (Nadalje, prijevod je bez ograničenja uključen u pojam "promjena".) Svakom korisniku licence obraćamo se kao "vama". O aktivnostima osim umnažanja, distribucije i mijenjanja ova Licenca ne govori; one su izvan njenog dosega. Čin pokretanja Programa nije ograničen, a o njegovom rezultatu govorimo samo ako je sadržaj rezultata također djelo zasnovano na Programu (bez obzira što ga je stvorio Program). Je li to istina ovisi o funkciji Programa. Smijete umnažati i distribuirati točne kopije izvornog koda Programa kakvog ga dobijete, na bilo kakvom mediju, ako očigledno i prikladno na svakoj kopiji istaknete odgovarajuću poruku o autorskim pravima i odricanje jamstava; ostavite nepromijenjenim sve obavijesti koje se odnose na ovu Licencu i na nepostojanje jamstava; i dajte svakom primatelju Programa primjerak ove Licence zajedno s Programom. Smijete naplatiti fizički čin prenošenja kopije i možete po svom izboru ponuditi jamstvo za naplatu. Smijete mijenjati svoj primjerak ili primjerke Programa ili bilo kojeg njegovog dijela, tako oblikovajući djelo zasnovano na Programu, i umnažati i distribuirati takve promjene ili djelo pod uvjetima prethodnog Dijela 1., ako zadovoljavate ove uvjete: 44 a) Promijenjene datoteke moraju nositi istaknute obavijesti da ste promijenili datoteke i datum svake promjene. 46 b) Svako djelo koje distribuirate ili objavite, a koje u cjelosti ili djelomično sadrži ili je izvedeno iz Programa ili njegovog dijela, mora biti licencirano u cjelosti bez naplate svima pod uvjetima ove Licence. 48 c) Ako promijenjeni program, kada je normalno pokrenut, čita naredbe interaktivno, on mora, pokrenut za takvu interaktivnu uporabu u najuobičajenijem načinu, ispisati ili prikazati obavijest koja uključuje odgovarajuću poruku o autorskim pravima i obavijest da nema jamstva (ili drugačiju, koja kaže da vi jamčite) i da korisnici mogu ponovno distribuirati program pod ovim uvjetima, i objasniti korisniku kako da pročita primjerak ove Licence. (Iznimka: ako je sam Program interaktivan, ali obično ne ispisuje takvu obavijest, vaše djelo zasnovano na Programu ne mora ispisati obavijest.) Ove potrebe vrijede za promijenjeno djelo u cjelini. Ako raspoznatljivi dijelovi tog djela nisu izvedeni iz Programa, i mogu se sami razumno smatrati nezavisnim i odvojenim djelima, onda ova Licenca, i njeni uvjeti, ne vrijede za te dijelove kada ih distribuirate kao zasebna djela. Ali ako distribuirate iste dijelove kao dio cjeline koja je djelo zasnovano na Programu, distribucija te cjeline mora zadovoljavati uvjete ove Licence, čije dozvole drugima koji su je licencirali vrijede za cjelinu, odnosno svaki njen dio bez obzira tko ga je napisao. Dakle, ovom dijelu nije namjera da dobije prava ili da pobija vaša prava na djelo koje ste vi napisali u cjelini; namjera mu je poboljšati pravo nadzora distribucije izvedenih ili skupljenih djela zasnovanih na Programu. Također, sama integracija drugog djela nezasnovanog na Programu s Programom (ili djelom zasnovanim na Programu) na mediju pohranjivanja ili distribucije ne dovodi to drugo djelo u doseg ove Licence. Smijete umnažati i distribuirati Program (ili djelo na njemu zasnovano, po Dijelu 2.) u objektnom kodu ili izvršnom obliku pod uvjetima Dijela 1. i 2. ako učinite jedno od sljedećeg: 58 a) Popratite ga potpunim odgovarajućim strojno čitljivim izvornim kodom, koji mora biti distribuiran pod uvjetima Dijela 1. i 2. na mediju po izboru korištenom za razmjenu programa; ili 60 b) Popratite ga pisanom ponudom, koja vrijedi barem tri godine, da ćete svakoj trećoj stranci dati, za cijenu ne veću od vašeg troška fizičkog vršenja distribucije izvornog koda, potpunu strojno čitljivu kopiju odgovarajućeg izvornog koda, koju će se distribuirati pod uvjetima Dijela 1. i 2. na mediju po izboru korištenom za razmjenu programa; ili 62 c) Popratite ga informacijama koje ste vi primili o ponudi za distribuciju odgovarajućeg izvornog koda. (Ova mogućnost vrijedi samo za nekomercijalnu distribuciju i samo ako ste primili program u objektnom kodu ili izvršnom obliku s takvom ponudom, prema prethodnom Odlomku b.) Pod izvornim kodom za djelo mislimo na željeni oblik djela za njegovo mijenjanje. Za izvršno djelo, potpuni izvorni kod odnosi se na izvorni kod svih modula koje ono sadrži, uz datoteke koje definiraju svako uključeno sučelje, uz skripte za nadzor prevođenja i instalacije izvršne datoteke. Međutim, kao posebna iznimka, distribuirani izvorni kod ne mora uključiti bilo što što se obično distribuira (bilo u izvornom kodu, bilo u izvršnom obliku) s glavnim dijelovima (prevodioc, jezgra, itd.) operacijskog sustava na kojem izvršna datoteka radi, osim ako sam taj dio prati izvršnu datoteku. Ako se izvršna datoteka ili objektni kod distribuira omogućavanjem pristupa kopiji na određenom mjestu, onda se omogućavanje jednakog pristupa izvornom kodu smatra distribucijom izvornog koda, iako se drugi ne prisiljavaju na umnažanje izvornog koda zajedno s objektnim. Ne smijete umnažati, mijenjati, podlicencirati ili distribuirati Program osim kako je izraženo u ovoj Licenci. Bilo kakav pokušaj umnažanja, mijenjanja, podlicenciranja ili distribuiranja Programa je nezakonit, i odmah poništava vaša prava prema ovoj Licenci. Međutim, strankama koje su od vas dobile kopije ili prava pod ovom Licencom neće biti poništene licence, dok zadovoljavaju sve uvjete. Ne morate prihvatiti ovu Licencu, pošto ju niste potpisali. Međutim, ništa vam drugo ne jamči dozvolu za mijenjanje ili distribuciju Programa ili iz njega izvedenih djela. Te su radnje zakonom zabranjene ako ne prihvatite ovu Licencu. Prema tome, mijenjanjem ili distribuiranjem Programa (ili djela na njemu zasnovanog), pokazujete svoj pristanak na ovu Licencu, i sve njene obveze i uvjete za umnažanje, distribuiranje i mijenjanje Programa ili djela na njemu zasnovanih. Svaki put kada ponovo distribuirate Program (ili bilo koje djelo zasnovano na Programu), primatelj automatski prima licencu od izvornog vlasnika za umnažanje, distribuiranje ili mijenjanje Programa prema ovim obvezama i uvjetima. Ne smijete nametnuti bilo kakva daljnja ograničenja na primateljevo korištenje ovdje zajamčenih prava. Niste odgovorni za traženje zadovoljavanja ove Licence od drugih stranaka. Ako vam se, kao posljedicu sudske presude ili tužbe za kršenje patenta ili iz bilo kojeg drugog razloga (ne samo što se tiče patenata), nameću obveze (bilo sudskim nalogom, nagodbom, ili drukčije) u kontradikciji s uvjetima ove Licence, to ne znači da smijete kršiti uvjete ove Licence. Ako ne možete distribuirati tako da zadovoljavate istodobno i svoje obveze pod ovom Licencom i sve ostale odgovarajuće obveze, onda kao posljedicu uopće ne smijete distribuirati Program. Na primjer, ako patentna licenca ne dopušta slobodnu redistribuciju Programa svima koji njegove kopije dobiju izravno ili neizravno od vas, onda je jedini način na koji možete zadovoljiti i nju i ovu Licencu prestanak distribuiranja Programa. Ako se bilo koji dio ovog Dijela drži nevažećim ili neprovedivim pod bilo kakvim okolnostima, namjena je Dijela da vrijedi i Dio u cjelini namijenjen je da vrijedi u drugim okolnostima. Ovom Dijelu nije svrha da vas potakne na kršenje patenata ili drugih prava na vlasništvo ili na njihovo pobijanje; jedina mu je svrha zaštita integriteta distribucijskog sustava slobodnih programa, kojeg implementira javna praksa. Mnogi ljudi su velikodušno pridonijeli velikom broju programa distribuiranim kroz taj sustav pouzdajući se u dosljednu primjenu tog sustava; na autoru/donatoru je odluka da li će programe distribuirati nekim drugim sustavom i korisnik licence ne može mu nametati svoj izbor. Namjera ovog Dijela je razjašnjavanje onoga za što se vjeruje da su posljedice ostatka Licence. Ako je distribucija i/ili korištenje Programa u nekim državama ograničeno bilo patentima bilo sučeljima na koje se polažu autorska prava, izvorni vlasnik autorskih prava koji je Program stavio pod ovu Licencu može dodati eksplicitno zemljopisno ograničenje distribucije izuzimajući takve države, i čineći distribuciju dozvoljenom samo u ili među državama koje nisu izuzete. U tom slučaju, ova Licenca uključuje ograničenje kao da je napisano u tijelu ove Licence. Free Software Foundation s vremena na vrijeme može objaviti promijenjene i/ili nove verzije Opće javne licence. Takve nove verzije bit će duhom slične sadašnjoj, no mogu se razlikovati u detaljima kako bi se riješili novi problemi ili brige. Svakoj verziji se daje različit broj verzije. Ako Program navodi broj verzije ove Licence koja za njega vrijedi i "bilo koja kasnija verzija", smijete poštovati obveze i uvjete te verzije ili bilo koje kasnije verzije koju je objavio Free Software Foundation. Ako Program ne određuje broj verzije ove Licence, smijete odabrati bilo koju verziju ikad izdanu od strane Free Software Foundationa. Ako želite uključiti dijelove Programa u druge besplatne programe čiji se uvjeti distribucije razlikuju, pišite autoru i tražite njegovu dozvolu. Za programe čija autorska prava ima Free Software Foundation, pišite Free Software Foundationu; ponekad radi toga radimo iznimke. U odlučivanju će nas voditi dva cilja čuvanja slobode svih izvedenica iz našeg programa i promicanje dijeljenja i ponovnog korištenja programa općenito. NEMA JAMSTVA POŠTO JE PROGRAM LICENCIRAN BESPLATNO, ZA PROGRAM NEMA JAMSTVA, U MJERI DOPUŠTENOJ PRIMJENJIVIM ZAKONOM. OSIM AKO JE DRUKČIJE IZRAŽENO NAPISMENO, VLASNICI AUTORSKIH PRAVA I/ILI DRUGE STRANKE PROGRAM DAJU "KAKAV JEST" BEZ JAMSTVA BILO KOJE VRSTE, IZRAŽENOG ILI PODRAZUMIJEVANOG, UKLJUČUJUĆI, ALI NE SAMO NJIH, PODRAZUMIJEVANA JAMSTVA TRGOVINSKE PRIKLADNOSTI I ODGOVARANJA ODREĐENOJ SVRSI. SVI RIZICI VEZANI ZA KVALITETU I BRZINU PROGRAMA OSTAJU NA VAMA. AKO SE PROGRAM POKAŽE NEVALJANIM, VI SNOSITE SVE TROŠKOVE POTREBNOG ODRŽAVANJA, POPRAVLJANJA I ISPRAVLJANJA. NI U KOJEM SLUČAJU, OSIM NUŽNO PO PRIMJENJIVOM ZAKONU ILI NAGODBOM NAPISMENO, BILO KOJI VLASNIK AUTORSKIH PRAVA, ILI BILO KOJA DRUGA STRANKA KOJA SMIJE MIJENJATI I/ILI REDISTRIBUIRATI PROGRAM KAKO JE DOZVOLJENO GORE, NEĆE BITI VAMA ODGOVORAN ZA ŠTETE, UKLJUČUJUĆI OPĆE, POSEBNE, SLUČAJNE ILI POSLJEDIČNE ŠTETE PROIZAŠLE IZ KORIŠTENJA ILI NEMOGUĆNOSTI KORIŠTENJA PROGRAMA (UKLJUČUJUĆI, ALI NE SAMO NJIH, GUBITAK PODATAKA ILI ČINJENJE PODATAKA NETOČNIM ILI GUBITKE VAS ILI DRUGIH STRANAKA ILI NEUSPJEH PROGRAMA DA RADI S BILO KOJIM DRUGIM PROGRAMOM), ČAK I AKO JE TAKAV VLASNIK ILI DRUGA STRANKA UPOZORENA NA MOGUĆNOST TAKVIH ŠTETA. KRAJ OBVEZA I UVJETA Kako ove obveze primjeniti na vaše nove programe Ako razvijete novi program i želite da bude od najveće moguće koristi javnosti, najbolji je način da to postignete učiniti ga slobodnim programom, kojeg svatko može distribuirati i mijenjati pod ovim uvjetima. Kako biste to učinili, programu dodajte sljedeće obavijesti. Najsigurnije je dodati ih na početku svake datoteke s izvornim kodom, da naglasite nepostojanje jamstva; svaka bi datoteka trebala imati barem i "copyright" red i upustvo kako doći do cijele obavijesti. Copyright (C) 19gg Ovaj program je slobodan; možete ga distribuirati i/ili 108 mijenjati pod uvjetima GNU Opće javne licence kako ju je 109 objavio Free Software Foundation; ili verzije 2 Licence, 110 ili (po vašem izboru) bilo koje novije verzije. Ovaj program se distribuira u nadi da će biti koristan, ali BEZ IKAKVOG JAMSTVA; čak i bez podrazumijevanog jamstva TRGOVINSKE PRIKLADNOSTI ili ODGOVARANJA ODREĐENOJ SVRSI. Za 115 detalje pročitajte GNU Opću javnu licencu. Trebali ste dobiti primjerak GNU Opće javne licence uz ovaj 118 program; ako niste, pišite na adresu: Free Software Foundation, Inc., 120 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. Također dodajte informacije kako vas kontaktirati elektronski i poštom. Ako je program interaktivan, neka ispiše kratku poruku poput ove kada se pokreće u interaktivnom načinu: Gnomovizija verzija 69, Copyright (C) 19gg ime autora Gnomovizija dolazi BEZ IKAKVOG JAMSTVA; za detalje napišite 128 "pokaži j". Ovo je slobodan program, i slobodno ga 129 možete distribuirati pod određenim uvjetima; za detalje 130 napišite "pokaži u". Hipotetske naredbe "pokaži j" i "pokaži u" trebale bi pokazati odgovarajuće dijelove Opće javne licence. Naravno, naredbe koje ćete vi koristiti mogu se zvati drukčije; to čak mogu biti klikovi mišem ili dijelovi izbornika -- što god odgovara vašem programu. Također biste trebali zamoliti svog poslodavca (ako radite kao programer) ili školu, ako je ima, da, ako je potrebno, potpiše "odricanje od autorskih prava" za program. Evo primjera; promijenite imena: MM, d. o. o., odriče se svih autorskih prava na program "Gnomoviziju" 137 (koji se upucava kompajlerima) koji je napisao Hrvoje Haker. Miroslav Moćnik, predsjednik MM d. o. o. Ova Opća javna licenca ne dozvoljava uključivanje vašeg programa u vlasničke programe. Ako je vaš program knjižnica podrutina, možda ćete smatrati korisnijim ako dopustite vezanje vlasničkih aplikacija s njom. Ako to želite učiniti, umjesto ove Licence koristite GNU Opću javnu licencu za knjižnice.