https___www.nidirect.gov.uk_conditions_cervical-cancer.xml
http___g.zarez.info_2017_05_02_odlazak-na-preventivne-preglede-spasava-zivot__1.xml
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Symptoms of cervical cancer The symptoms of cervical cancer aren't always obvious. It may not cause any symptoms at all until it's reached an advanced stage. This is why it's very important that you attend all of your cervical screening appointments. Unusual bleeding In most cases, vaginal bleeding is the first noticeable symptom of cervical cancer. It usually occurs after having sex. Bleeding at any other time, other than your expected monthly period, is also considered unusual. This includes bleeding after the menopause (when a woman's monthly periods stop) and in between periods. See your GP for advice if you experience any type of unusual vaginal bleeding. Other symptoms Other symptoms of cervical cancer may include pain and discomfort during sex, pelvic pain and an unpleasant smelling vaginal discharge. Advanced cervical cancer If the cancer spreads out of your cervix and into surrounding tissue and organs, it can trigger a range of other symptoms, including: - constipation - blood in your urine (haematuria) - loss of bladder control (urinary incontinence) - bone pain - swelling of one of your legs - severe pain in your side or back caused by swelling in your kidneys, related to a condition called hydronephrosis - changes to your bladder and bowel habits - loss of appetite - weight loss - tiredness and a lack of energy When to seek medical advice You should contact your GP if you experience: - bleeding after sex - bleeding outside of your normal periods - new bleeding after the menopause Vaginal bleeding is very common and can have a wide range of causes, so it doesn't necessarily mean you have cervical cancer. Unusual vaginal bleeding is a symptom that needs to be investigated by your GP. Causes of cervical cancer In Northern Ireland the probability that a female will develop cervical cancer before the age of 75 is approximately 1 in 138. Almost all cases of cervical cancer are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). HPV is a very common virus that can be passed on through any type of sexual contact with a man or a woman. There are more than 100 different types of HPV, many of which are harmless. Some types of HPV can cause abnormal changes to the cells of the cervix. This can eventually lead to cervical cancer. Two strains of the HPV virus (HPV 16 and HPV 18) are known to be responsible for 70% of all cases of cervical cancer. These types of HPV infection don't have any symptoms, so many women won't realise they have the infection. It's important to be aware that these infections are relatively common. Most women who have them don't develop cervical cancer. Using condoms during sex offers some protection against HPV. But it can't always prevent infection, because the virus is also spread through skin-to-skin contact of the wider genital area. In Northern Ireland a HPV vaccine is offered to girls aged 12 and 13. Screening for cervical cancer In Northern Ireland, cervical screening is offered to women aged between 25 and 64. It aims to prevent cervical cancer. The screening test, often called a smear test, detects early precancerous changes in cells that line the cervix. Most changes are caused by persistent infection with high risk types of the human papillomavirus (HPV). Abnormal changes can be treated. All women registered with a GP who fall within the screening age ranges are automatically invited to attend for a screening test. Women aged between 25 and 49 are invited every three years and women aged between 50 and 64 are invited every five years. Make sure your GP has your correct name and address so you receive your invitation for screening. If you develop symptoms in between screenings you should contact your GP. Treating cervical cancer If cervical cancer is diagnosed at an early stage, it's usually possible to treat it using surgery. In some cases, it's possible to leave the womb in place, but it may need to be removed. The health professional looking after your care will discuss with you the most appropriate treatment. The surgical procedure used to remove the womb is called a hysterectomy. Radiotherapy is an alternative to surgery for some women with early stage cervical cancer. In some cases, it's used alongside surgery. More advanced cases of cervical cancer are usually treated using a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Some of the treatments used can have significant and long-lasting side effects, including early menopause and infertility. Outlook The stage at which cervical cancer is diagnosed is an important factor in determining a woman's outlook. The staging, given as a number from one to four, indicates how far the cancer has spread. Stage ‘one’ is early. Stage ‘four’ is late. For women in Northern Ireland diagnosed with cervical cancer, five years after diagnosis and treatment: - for early (stage I) disease 97.1% will still be alive - for late (stage IV) disease, the figure falls to 16.1% This is why early detection through screening is so important. Who's affected by cervical cancer? Following the success of the screening programme and the early detection of cell changes, the number of cervical cancer cases in Northern Ireland has reduced. It's possible for women of all ages to develop cervical cancer. But the condition mainly affects sexually active women aged between 30 and 45. Cervical cancer is very rare in women under 25.
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Odlazak lijeÄniku predstavlja vam problem? OsjeÄate nelagodu, strah? Neka tekst koji je pred vama osvijesti važnost brige o vašem zdravlju i redovitog odlaska na preventivne preglede. ZloÄudne bolesti jedan su od vodeÄih javnozdravstvenih problema u Republici Hrvatskoj i na ljestvici uzroka smrti nalaze se na drugom mjestu. Vlada Republike Hrvatske je u srpnju 2010. godine usvojila Nacionalni program ranog otkrivanja raka vrata maternice, kojim su obuhvaÄene sve žene u Hrvatskoj u dobi od 25 do 64 godine koje u okviru programa trebaju obaviti PAPA test svake 3 godine. U Hrvatskoj od raka vrata maternice skoro svakog dana oboli jedna žena, a svaki 3. dan jedna žena umire. Upravo su prevencija i rano otkrivanje provjereni, znanstveno utemeljeni i uspješni naÄini borbe protiv raka. Redovitom provedbom preventivnih pregleda moguÄe je poboljšati kvalitetu života i unaprijediti zdravlje cjelokupnog hrvatskog stanovništva. Å to uzrokuje rak vrata maternice? Glavni riziÄni faktor za nastanak raka vrata maternice je zaraza humanim papilomavirusom (HPV). Danas poznajemo više od stotinu razliÄitih tipova HPV virusa, ali samo mali dio njih uzrokuje rak vrata maternice. HPV virus prenosi se spolnim putem, i to ne samo penetracijom, veÄ i kontaktom âkožu na kožuâ u podruÄju spolovila. VeÄina spolno aktivnih osoba Äe se tijekom svog života zaraziti HPV virusom, ali kod samo malog broja žena Äe se razviti rak vrata maternice. Zašto? Zaraza HPV virusom najÄešÄe nema nikakvih simptoma te u veÄini sluÄajeva spontano prolazi, zahvaljujuÄi djelovanju našeg imunološkog sustava. Kod osoba kod kojih zaraženost traje duže vrijeme, istraživanja pokazuju 10 do 15 godina, može doÄi do nastanka raka vrata maternice. Iz navedenih razloga dovoljno je svake tri godine iÄi na Papa test. Koji su simptomi raka vrata maternice? Simptomi raka vrata maternice su nespecifiÄni i rijetki. Predstadiji raka vrata maternice ne pokazuju nikakve simptome, dok uznapredovale stadije najÄešÄe prate nepravilno krvarenje, krvarenje izmeÄu dva menstrualna ciklusa, krvarenje nakon spolnog odnosa, neuobiÄajen iscjedak i bolovi u donjem dijelu trbuha. Å to je Papa test? Papa test je brza, jednostavna i neinvazivna medicinska pretraga kojom se uzima obrisak rodnice, vrata maternice i kanala vrata maternice, a ponajprije služi za rano otkrivanje raka vrata maternice i promjena koje mu prethode. Abnormalan nalaz oznaÄava da su pronaÄene promjene na stanicama vrata maternice. VeÄina žena s abnormalnim rezultatom testa neÄe trebati lijeÄenje, no manji broj žena imat Äe abnormalnosti stanica vrata maternice veÄeg opsega koje Äe zahtijevati odreÄeni tretman istih. Zato je iznimno važno da žena Äiji je nalaz testa abnormalan prati upute lijeÄnika i postupa u skladu s njima. Upravo probir na rak vrata maternice pomaže sprijeÄiti rak vrata maternice ranim otkrivanjem abnormalnosti stanica vrata maternice kako bi ih se uspješno lijeÄilo prije nego što se rak uopÄe uspije razviti. I za kraj, naglasimo najbitnije: - Å to se ranije otkriju promjene na stanicama, lijeÄenje je lakše i uspješnije - Probir raka vrata maternice putem Papa testa rezultira smanjenjem smrtnosti od raka vrata maternice za 80 posto - Probir nudi sigurnu zaštitu ako se žena svake 3 godine odazove na Papa test Rak se može dogoditi bilo kome i zato treba djelovati odmah! Odvojite vrijeme za sebe i svoje zdravlje. Odlazak na redovite ginekološke preglede spašava život. Više informacija o ovoj važnoj temi možete pronaÄi na www.hzjz.hr i na Facebook stranici. Izvor: www.vecernji.hr, 09.03.2017.