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The Tibetan Sky Burial We love the Tibetans, a race showcasing profound understanding of mortal and life beyond death. In a previous piece we spoke about the Tibetan bowl, we still encounter that experience, but today we shall talk about something that may be tough to understand by many, the Tibetan funeral process. The most common methods for deceased bodies after death is burial and cremation. While the Zoroastrians have a slightly different method, where the body is fed to the birds which is considered a good deed and the bones are discarded in a well. The Tibetan Sky Burial is somewhat similar, lets take a look at how it works. Majority of Tibetans adhere to Buddhism, which teaches reincarnation, hence there is no need to preserve the body, as the body is only a vessel. Once a person dies the vessel is empty, the Birds may eat it, or nature may let it decompose. The function of the sky burial is simply the disposal of the remains. The corpse is cut into small pieces and placed on a mountaintop to feed the birds of prey, in Tibetan the practice is known as jhator, that literally means, “giving alms to the birds.” As much of Tibet the ground is too hard and rocky to dig a grave, and with fuel and timber scarce, a sky burial is often more practical than cremation. The government of the People’s Republic of China, which has forcibly occupied Tibet since 1950, prohibited the practice that they consider barbaric in the 1960s. They started to allow it again in the 1980s, perhaps after realizing they would save on resources via the Sky Burials. A traditional jhator is performed in specified locations in Tibet, the Drigung Monastery is one of the three most important jhator sites. The procedure takes place on a large flat rock long used for the purpose and is always higher than its surroundings. Relatives may remain nearby during the jhator that usually takes place at dawn. Prior to the procedure, monks may chant mantra around the body and burn juniper incense. The work of disassembling of the body may be done by a monk, or, more commonly, by rogyapas (“body-breakers”). I am now going to revert to a live witness to a Tibetan Sky-Burial by Pamela Logan, Men in long white aprons come out, and unwrap the corpse, which is naked, stiff, and swollen. The men hold huge cleavers, which are in a few strokes whetted to razor sharpness on nearby rocks. The bright sun and clear blue sky diffuse somewhat my ominous feeling. The coroners themselves, are not heavy or ceremonial, but completely businesslike as they chat amongst themselves, and prepare to start. Tibetans believe that, more important than the body, is the spirit of the deceased. Following death, the body should not be touched for three days, except possibly at the crown of the head, through which the consciousness, or namshe, exits. Lamas guide the spirit in a series of prayers that last for seven weeks, as the person makes their way through the bardo–intermediate states that precede rebirth. As the first cut is made, the vultures crowd closer; but three men with long sticks wave them away. Within a few minutes the dead man’s organs are removed and set aside for later, separate disposal. The vultures try to move in and are prevented by waving sticks and shouts. Then, the cutters give a signal and the men all simultaneously fall back. The flock rushes in, covering the body completely, their heads disappearing as they bend down to tear away bits of flesh. They are enormous birds, with wings spanning more than 2 meters, top-feathers of dirty white, and huge gray-brown backs. Their heads are virtually featherless, so as not to impede the bird when reaching into a body to feed. For thirteen minutes the vultures are in a feeding frenzy. The only sound is tearing flesh and chittering as they compete for the best bits. The birds are gradually sated, and some take to the air, their huge wings sounding like steam locomotives as they flap overhead. Now the men pull out what remains of the corpse, only a bloody skeleton and shoo away the remaining birds. They take out huge mallets, and set to work pounding the bones. The men talk while they work, even laughing sometimes, for according to Tibetan belief the mortal remains are merely an empty vessel. The dead man’s spirit is gone, its fate to be decided by karma accumulated through all past lives. The bones are soon reduced to splinters, mixed with barley flour and then thrown to crows and hawks, who have been waiting their turn. Remaining vultures grab slabs of softened gristle and greedily devour them. Half an hour later, the body has completely disappeared. The men leave also, their day’s work finished. Soon, the hilltop is restored to serenity. I think of the man whose flesh is now soaring over the mountains, and decide that, if I happen to die on the high plateau, I wouldn’t mind following him.
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Tibetanski Sky Pokop Volimo Tibetanaca, Utrka pokazuju duboko razumijevanje smrtnika i život poslije smrti. U prethodnom komadu smo govorili o Tibetanska zdjela, smo i dalje susreću to iskustvo, ali danas ćemo govoriti o nečemu što može biti teško razumjeti od mnogih, Pogreb proces Tibetanski. Najčešći načini za preminulim tijela nakon smrti je sahranjen i kremiranje. Dok Zoroastrians imaju malo drugačiji način, gdje je tijelo hraniti ptice, što se smatra dobro djelo, a kosti su odbačene u bunar. Tibetanski Sky Pokop je nešto slično, omogućuje pogledati kako se to radi. Većina Tibetanaca pridržavati budizma, koji podučava reinkarnacija, stoga nema potrebe da se očuva tijelo, kao što je tijelo samo posuda. Nakon što osoba umre posuda je prazna, ptice mogu jesti, ili priroda može pustiti da se raspadaju. Funkcija Nebo pokop je jednostavno odlaganje ostataka. Leš je izrezati na male komadiće i staviti na planine hraniti ptice grabljivice, u tibetskom praksa je poznata kao jhator, koji doslovno znači, “davanju milostinje pticama.” Koliko Tibeta tlo je previše teško i stjenovita kopati grob, i gorivom i drvo oskudnom, Nebo pokop Često je praktičnije nego kremiranje. Vlada Narodne Republike Kine, koji nasilno okupirao Tibet od 1950, Zabranjeno je praksa da se oni smatraju barbarskim u 1960. Počeli su ga ponovno dopustiti u 1980, Možda nakon što je shvatio da će uštedjeti na sredstvima preko Sky kopavanje. Tradicionalni jhator se izvodi u određenim mjestima u Tibetu, Samostan Drigung je jedan od tri najvažnija jhator stranicama. Postupak se odvija na velikoj plosnatoj stijeni dugo koristi u svrhu i da je uvijek veća od njegove okolice. Rodbina može ostati u blizini tijekom jhator koji se obično odvija u zoru. Prije postupka, Redovnici mogu pjevati mantru oko tijela i spali Juniper tamjan. Rad rastavljanje tijela može biti učinjeno od strane redovnika, ili, češće, by rogyapas (“tijelo sklopke”). Sada ću se vratiti na live svjedok Tibetanski Sky-Pokop Pamela Logan, Muškarci u dugim bijelim pregačama izaći, i razmotati leš, koji je gol, krut, i otečena. Ljudi imaju ogromne sjekire, koji su se u nekoliko poteza narasti do britva oštrine na obližnjim stijenama. Sunce i čisto plavo nebo difuzne pomalo prijeteći mi osjećaj. Sami mrtvozornike, nisu teške ili svečana, ali potpuno poslovno jer oni razgovarati među sobom, i pripremiti za početak. Tibetanci vjeruju da, važnije od tijela, je duh pokojnika. Nakon smrti, Tijelo ne bi trebalo dirati tri dana, osim možda na tjeme, kroz koje svijest, ili namshe, izlazi. Lamas voditi duh u nizu molitvama koje traju sedam tjedana, kao osoba čini svoj put kroz bardo–intermediate države koje prethode preporod. Kao prvi rez, lešinari gužve bliže; ali trojica muškaraca s dugim štapovima ih val daleko. U roku od nekoliko minuta su Mrtvačeve uzeti organi i staviti na stranu za kasnije, odvojeno odlaganje. Lešinari pokušati premjestiti u i spriječiti mahali palicama i povici. Zatim, rezači dati signal, a muškarci sve istovremeno se vratiti. Jato juri u, pokrivanje tijela u potpunosti, njihove glave nestaju, kao što prignuti se otrgnuti komadići mesa. Oni su ogromne ptice, s krila proteže više od 2 metara, top-perje prljavobjelkasta, i ogroman sivo-smeđa leđa. Njihove glave su gotovo featherless, tako da ne ometaju ptice prilikom postizanja u tijelo hraniti. Za trinaest minuta lešinari su u hranjenja bijes. Jedini zvuk koji je kidanje mesa i chittering kao što se natjecati za najbolje bitova. Ptice se postupno pijan, a neki se u zraku, njihove ogromne krila zvučeći poput parne lokomotive jer klapna pretek. Sada su ljudi izvući što je preostalo od leša, samo krvavi kostur i tjera daleko preostale ptice. Oni uzmu ogromne batića, i pušten u rad lupa kosti. Muškarci razgovaraju, dok oni rade, čak i smijati se ponekad, jer prema tibetanskom vjerovanju posmrtni ostaci su samo prazna posuda. Mrtvačeve duh je otišao, Njegova sudbina se odlučuje karme nakupljene u svim prošlim životima. Kosti ubrzo su svedena na krhotinama, pomiješana s ječmenim brašnom i zatim bačen vrana i jastrebova, koji su čekali svoj red. Preostali supovi zgrabite ploče omekšane hrskavica i pohlepno ih proždrijeti. Pola sata kasnije, Tijelo je u potpunosti nestao. Ljudi ostavljaju također, njihovog radnog dana završio. Uskoro, brežuljku je vraćena u spokoj. Mislim da je od čovjeka čiji je tijelo sada ogromna preko planina, i odlučiti da, ako sam se dogoditi da umre na visokoj visoravni, Ja ne bih imao ništa protiv njega slijedi. Hvala ti puno: