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A Solar Awakening Our modern day prophet, Snowden’s recent revelation prompted me to put up everything on this I have come across so far. This might be remedial information for many, but it never hurts to help the rest with the basics. The Sun is the most important celestial body of spectral type G2. Consisting of 99.8% of the mass of the solar system it plays the central role around which all the planets, asteroids, comets and meteoroids revolve in their orbits. Its energy source is the nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium, taking place in the core, which occupies about 25% of the solar radius. These nuclear reactions produce solar neutrinos which can be detected at Earth. A radiative zone surrounds the core, และ convective zone occupies the outer 28.7% of the solar radius. The visible disk of this convective zone is called the photosphere. Active regions on it may manifest as pores, sunspots and faculae. Sunspots are the most visible manifestations of active regions. The central magnetic field of a sunspot is vertical, and typically has a strong magnetic field strength. Most sunspots have a central dark umbra and a lighter, grey surrounding region, called the penumbra, although either feature can exist without the other. A sunspot is cooler than the surrounding material and therefore appears darker. This cooling is attributed to ejections of radiation and heat into the solar system. The effective temperature of the sunspot umbra is about 4000K, compared with 5780K in the neighbouring photosphere. The inner solar atmosphere consists of the thin 2000km deep chromosphere, lying just above the photosphere. The Sun’s outer atmosphere forms the million-degree corona. Observed at X-ray wave lengths, the corona shows features such as coronal streamers, coronal holes และ coronal loops. Solar Atmosphere Intense X-ray radiation from flares affects Earth’s ionosphere which can cause climatic disturbances, whilst energetic particles released from them may bathe astronauts and artificial satellites beyond earth’s protective magnetosphere. นอกจากนี้, Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) influence space weather and can lead to magnetic storms, accompanied by intensified displays of the aurora. The observed weakening in the magnetosphere could intensify the effects on our technologically enslaved culture. They can disrupt telecommunications and navigation systems. They can fry complex electronic chips such as those in laptops, mobile phones and smart devices. They have the potential to knock-out power grids, and have been known to darken entire cities, even entire regions. The most recent event was on March 13, 1989 – 23 ปีที่ผ่านมา. A CME caused a power failure in Québec, as well as across parts of the northeastern U.S. In this event, the electrical supply was cut off to over 6 million people for 9 ชั่วโมง. It’s possible for solar storms to be even more powerful than the one that caused the 1989 Québec and U.S. northeast blackout. The largest known solar flare took place on August 28, 1859. It was observed and recorded by Richard C. Carrington, and so it’s sometimes called the Carrington Event, or sometimes the 1859 Solar Superstorm. The accompanying coronal mass ejection (CME) traveled to Earth in only 17 ชั่วโมง, rather than the usual three or four days. Due to a lesser dependence on electricity and a relatively stronger magnetosphere it did not significantly affect earthly routines. Solar Activity Over the course of an approximate 11-year cycle, sunspots vary both in number and latitude. The conventional onset for the start of a solar cycle is the time when the smoothed number of sunspots (the 12-month moving average) has decreased to its minimum value. This pattern can be demonstrated graphically as a butterfly diagram and is known as spörer’s law. The magnetic polarity of sunspots varies over a 22-year cycle, described by hale’s law. All of the spots’ magnetic polarities reverse each roughly 11-year solar activity cycle, so the complete cycle of the solar magnetic field is around 22 ปี. Reversal of field polarity can occasionally happen earlier for one hemisphere than the other, meaning that there may be intervals of up to a year when northern and southern sunspots actually have the same magnetic configuration. A recent observation of a huge portion of the solar atmosphere missing elucidates this better, ด้วย signifying the solar maximum of the current cycle. Longer-term variations, of the order of millennial time-scales may also occur, and there have also been episodes such as the maunder minimum when the normal workings of the cycle appear to have been suspended. The solar cycle is thus characterized by waxing and waning of various forms of solar activity, such as active regions, CMEs, solar flares, the solar constant and sunspots and their corresponding effects on planetary phenomenon. The rise to maximum activity that we are currently experiencing is usually much more rapid than the subsequent decline. All forms of activity on the sun vary in a roughly 11-year solar cycle, including CMEs and the occurrence of active regions and their associated sunspots. The duration of sunspots varies from a few hours to a few weeks, or months for the very biggest. The number and location of sunspots vary over a solar cycle. Longer-term changes in the solar constant may underpin episodes of climatic change, such as the maunder minimum. Observations of chromospheric activity in other stars suggests that similar activity cycles are typical of stars with convective zones. The total flux of solar radiation incident on the Earth (the solar constant) also varies in step with the solar cycle, but with a total change of just 0.1% จาก 1978 ไปยัง 1998. Observations of sunlike stars suggest that larger-scale variations can occur. A 0.25% reduction in the value of the solar constant is capable of explaining the estimated drop of about 0.5 K in global mean temperature during the maunder minimum. Below are some documentaries that may help you understand the situation better. The first one is The Killshot, an Apocalyptic gloom-and-doom version of solar storm outcomes. The trailer is below. If that aroused your interest you can order the free full dvd at Thekillshot.com Below is a more elaborate and optimistic view on how such solar events affect earth. The way we think, รู้สึก, relate, communicate, and experience reality has been changing dramatically in recent years. We are also in the midst of a dramatic cyclical rise in solar disturbances, which have the ability to affect the solar system and everything in it, including us, in profound ways. Although most of the media hype surrounds apocalyptic physical phenomenon to the planet, while quite true, there is mounting evidence that there are also subtler forces at play. Such a boost in solar activity could simultaneously be a better thing for us, boosting our brain’s capacity to handle information and expanding the boundaries of our imaginations. Abilities such as telepathy, ESP and off-the-scale intelligence quotients, which now seem extraordinary or supernatural, may very well help us solve the compounding global crisis we face. ทรัพยากร: Space weather prediction Center All-in-one resource for space weather analysis
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Solarna Bu?enje Na, Snowden je nedavno otkrivanje potaknuo me da se stavi sve na to sam nai?i do sada. To bi moglo biti korektivne informacije za mnoge, ali to nikad ne boli da bi ostatak s osnovama. Sunce je najva. Sastoji se od 99.8% mase Sun?evog sustava je igra sredi, asteroidi, komete i meteoroidi vrte u svojim orbitama. Njegov izvor energije nuklearna fuzija vodika u helij, odvija se u sr, koja zauzima oko 25% solarnog radijusa. Ove nuklearne reakcije proizvodnju solarnih neutrina koji se mo. A radiative zona okru, i konvektivne zone zauzima vanjskom 28.7% solarnog radijusa. Vidljivi disk ovog konvekcijom zoni se zove fotosfera. Aktivne regije na njega mo, Sun?eve pjege i faculae. Sun?eve pjege su najvidljivije manifestacije aktivnih podru?ja. Središnji magnetskog polja od Sunčeve pjege je vertikalna, i obi?no ima jake snage magnetsko polje. Ve?ina pjege imaju sredi sjenka i lak, siva okolne regije, zove polusjena, iako je bilo obilje. Pjega je hladnije od okolnog materijala i stoga se ?ini tamnijom. Ovaj hla?enje pripisuje izba?aja zra?enja i topline u solarnom sustavu. U?inkovita temperatura pjega Umbra je oko 4000K, u usporedbi sa 5780K u susjednoj fotosfera. Unutarnji solarni Atmosfera se sastoji od tankog 2000 km dubine kromosfera, le. Sunčeva vanjska atmosfera čini milijuna stupnjeva corona. Promatrano po X-ray valnih duljina, corona pokazuje zna?ajke kao koronal mlazovi, koronal rupe i koronal petlje. Solarna Atmosfera Intenzivno X-ray zračenje iz fl Ares utječe na Zemlji jonosfera which can cause climatic disturbances, dok je energetska čestica pušten iz njih može kupati astronauta i arti dužnosnik satelita iznad Zemlje zaštitna magnetosfera. Dodatno, Koronini izba?aji (CMEs) U fl prodavaonicu svemirskog vremena i može dovesti do magnetskih oluja, u pratnji intenziviranje fi ed iskazivanje zora. Promatrati slabljenje u magnetosfere mogao poja?ati u?inke na na. Oni mogu poremetiti telekomunikacijske i navigacijske sustave. Oni mogu pr, mobitela i pametnih ure?aja. Oni imaju potencijal za knock-out energetskim mre, , te su poznati potamnjeti cijele gradove, ?ak i cijele regije. Najnovija doga?aj bio na O 13, 1989 - 23 godina. CME izazvao nestanka struje u Quebecu, kao u dijelovima sjeveroisto?ne U.S. U tom slu?aju, elektri?no napajanje je odsje?en na vi 6 Milijun ljudi za 9 radno vrijeme. To je moguće za solarne oluje biti još jači od onog koji je uzrokovao 1989 Quebec i USP. sjeveroisto?no zamra?enje. Najve?a poznata solarna baklja dogodio u kolovozu 28, 1859. Uo?eno je i snimio Richard C.. Carrington, pa se ponekad zove Carrington događaj, ili ponekad 1859 Solarna Superstorm. Prate?i koronih izbacivanja (CME) putovao na Zemlju u samo 17 radno vrijeme, umjesto uobi?ajenih tri do ?etiri dana. Zbog manjoj ovisnosti o struje i relativno ja?i magnetosfere to nije zna?ajno utjecati na zemaljske rutine. Sun?eva aktivnost Tijekom pribli, Sun?eve pjege se razlikuju kako po broju i . Konvencionalni napad za po?etak solarni ciklus je vrijeme kada se izravnao broj Sun?evih pjega (12-mjese?ni pomi?ni prosjek) je smanjen na najni. Ovaj uzorak se mo leptir dijagram te je poznat kao Šporer zakon. Magnetski polaritet sun?evih pjega varira tijekom ciklusa od 22 godina, su opisali Hale zakon. Sve je vidio 'magnetskog polariteta preokrenuti svaki otprilike 11-godišnjeg ciklusa solarne aktivnosti, pa potpuni ciklus solarne magnetskog polja je oko 22 godina. Ukidanje fi eld polariteta ponekad se može dogoditi i ranije za jednu hemisferi od drugoga, što znači da može biti intervalima do godinu dana kada je sjeverni i južni pjege zapravo imaju isti magnetski con fi guration. A Nedavna promatranja od velikog dijela Sun?evoj atmosferi nedostaje razja, tako?er ozna?ava solarni maksimum trenutni ciklus. Dugoro?nijim varijacije, reda tisu?ljetnoj-vaga mogu se javiti, i tu su epizode poput bulazniti minimalna kad su normalni djelovanju ciklusa ?ini se da su suspendirani. Solarni ciklus stoga je karakteriziran depilacija i opadanje razli?itih oblika sun?evog djelovanja, kao aktivne regije, CMEs, solarne baklje, solarna konstanta i sun?eve pjege i odgovaraju?e posljedice na planetarni fenomen. Uspon na maksimalnu aktivnost da smo trenutno do. Svi oblici aktivnosti na suncu razlikuju u otprilike 11-godi, uklju?uju?i CMEs i pojave aktivnih regija i njihovih povezanih pjege. Trajanje Sun?evih pjega varira od nekoliko sati do nekoliko tjedana, ili mjeseci za vrlo najve?a. Broj i mjesto pjege variraju tijekom solarnog ciklusa. Dugoro?nijim promjenama u Sun?evom konstanta mogla bi epizoda klimatskih promjena, kao . Promatranja chromospheric aktivnosti u drugim zvijezdama sugerira da sli?ni ciklusi aktivnosti tipi?ne su zvijezde s konvektivne zone. Ukupna FL UX sunčevog zračenja incidenta na Zemlji (the solarna konstanta) tako?er varira u koraku sa solarnom ciklusu, ali s ukupno samo promjenu 0.1% iz 1978 na 1998. Promatranja sunlike zvijezde sugeriraju da varijacije ve?ih razmjera mo. A 0.25% Smanjenje vrijednosti solarne konstante je sposoban obja 0.5 K globalne prosje?ne temperature tijekom bulazniti minimum. Ovdje su neke dokumentarce koji mogu pomo?i da razumiju situaciju bolje. Prvi je Killshot, Apocalyptic tama-i-doom verzija solarne oluje ishode. Prikolica je u nastavku. Ako da pobudila va Thekillshot.com Ispod je vi. Na?in na koji mislimo, osje?ati, povezati, komunicirati, i iskustvo stvarnosti je dramati?no mijenja u posljednjih nekoliko godina. Tako?er smo se usred dramati?nog cikli?kog rasta solarnih poreme?aja, koji imaju mogu?nost utjecati na Sun?ev sustav i sve , uklju?uju?i nas, u dubokim na?ine. Iako je ve?ina medija hype okru, dok je istina, Sve je vi. Takav poticaj u solarne aktivnosti istovremeno mogla biti bolja stvar za nas, jačanje kapaciteta našeg mozga za obradu informacija i širi granice naše mašte. Sposobnosti kao , ESP i off-razmjera obavje, koji sada izgleda izvanredno ili nadnaravno, mogu vrlo dobro bi nam pomogli rije. Sredstva: All-in-one resurs za prostor analize vremena CMEs, Sun?eve pjege Phone aplikacija