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update 16:00: Steve Jobs answers to my open letter, see below. Dear Steve Jobs, Having read your Thoughts on Flash, I could not agree with you more. Flash is not the Web, and I am glad Apple seizes the opportunity of open standards to build better products for their customers. But I am not so sure about your definition of the word Open in general. I will not argue here that it is ironic you find the Apple Store more open than Flash. I will not complain either that you like Openness so much that when you use “Open Source” Software to build your Mac operating system, you keep all the openness for yourself and don’t give it to your customers, nor to the developers whose works have been very useful to you. I figured that writing an open letter was an appropriate way to remind you of a couple of things that you may have forgotten — maybe in good faith — about open standards. It is true that HTML5 is an emerging open standard, and I am glad that you adopted it (well, did you really have the choice anyway?). However I have to say I am impressed in the way you succeed in saying how Apple has been doing great with open standards against Flash… while explaining Flash videos is not a problem, because Apple has implemented another video codec: H.264. May I remind you that H.264 is not an open standard? This video codec is covered by patents, and “vendors and commercial users of products which make use of H.264/AVC are expected to pay patent licensing royalties for the patented technology” (ref). This is why Mozilla Firefox and Opera have not adopted this video codec for their HTML5 implementation, and decided to chose Theora as a sustainable and open alternative. Free Software Foundation Europe have been raising consensus and awareness on Open Standards for some years already. I am sure we would be happy to help Apple make the good decision. So, to begin with, here is the definition: An Open Standard refers to a format or protocol that is - subject to full public assessment and use without constraints in a manner equally available to all parties; - without any components or extensions that have dependencies on formats or protocols that do not meet the definition of an Open Standard themselves; - free from legal or technical clauses that limit its utilisation by any party or in any business model; - managed and further developed independently of any single vendor in a process open to the equal participation of competitors and third parties; - available in multiple complete implementations by competing vendors, or as a complete implementation equally available to all parties. Hugo Roy April 2010 Steve Jobs’ email (with sources) From: Steve Jobs To: Hugo Roy Subject: Re:Open letter to Steve Jobs: Thoughts on Flash All video codecs are covered by patents. A patent pool is being assembled to go after Theora and other “open source” codecs now. Unfortunately, just because something is open source, it doesn’t mean or guarantee that it doesn’t infringe on others patents. An open standard is different from being royalty free or open source. Sent from my iPad Since it was an open letter, I think I have the right to publish his answer.
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Naš rad / Pregled otvorenih standarda Otvoreni standardi Ne postoji opće prihvaćena definicija što čini otvoreni standard, no postoji mnogo prijedloga. Poveznice na neke prijedloge su niže navedene. FSFE nije htio predložiti još jednu definiciju. Odlučili smo prihvatiti definiciju otvorenog standarda koja je nastala kroz pripreme za Certified Open. Rad na ovoj definiciji počeo je prije nego se FSFE uključio u projekt i inicijalno se bazirala na definiciji iz Europskog okvira za interoperabilnost (EIF) Europske komisije. U dijalogu u kojem su sudjelovali razni ključni industrijski igrači, politika i zajednica, definicija je preoblikovana u definiciju pet točaka oko kojih se postigao konsenzus. Definiciju je potom usvojio EU-ov projekt SELF, ženevska Deklaracija o standardima i budućnosti Interneta iz 2008. i Document Freedom Day. Definicija Otvoreni standard odnosi se na format ili protokol koji je - podložan potpunoj javnoj procjeni i korištenju bez ograničenja tako da je jednako dostupan svim stranama; - bez komponenti ili proširenja koji su ovisni o formatima ili protokolima koji sami ne zadovoljavaju definiciju otvorenog standarda; - lišen pravnih i tehničkih klauzula koje bilo koga ili bilo koji poslovni model ograničavaju u korištenju; - otvoren za ravnopravno sudjelovanje konkurenata i trećih strana u upravljanju i daljnjem razvoju, neovisan o pojedinom proizvođaču; - dostupan u više potpunih implementacija konkurentskih proizvođača ili koji je kao potpuna implementacija svima jednako dostupan. Napomene za standarde u nastajanju Kada je novi format ili protokol u razvoju, 5. klauzula nije ostvariva. FSFE drži da je ovo ispravno stajalište u slučajevima u kojima je potrebna tehnološka potpunost. U nekim situacijama, npr. u primjeni za vladu, trošak zbog pogreške može biti vrlo visok. U situacijama u kojima se želi promicati razvoj otvorenih standarda strogo pridržavanje klauzula može onemogućiti nove otvorene standarde. Sa stajališta definicije takvi standardi bi izravno konkurirali vlasničkim formatima pod kontrolom proizvođača. U takvim slučajevima razumno je dozvoliti neispunjavanje 5. klauzule "standarda u nastajanju". Kakav tretman primaju takvi "standardi u nastajanju" u velikoj mjeri ovisi o situaciji. Tamo gdje je trošak zbog pogreške vrlo visok trebaju se koristiti samo potpuno otvoreni standardi. Standarde u nastajanju treba posebno promicani tamo gdje se želi promicati otvorene standarde. Općenito govoreći, otvoreni standardi su bolji od standarda u nastajanju i standardi u nastajanju su bolji od formata specifičnih pojedinom proizvođaču. Što se format više približi ispunjenju svih točaka definicije, više ga treba rangirati u situacijama gdje su interoperabilnost i pouzdana dugotrajna pohrana podataka od iznimne važnosti. Poveznice na druge definicije Wikipedija pruža pregled termina otvoreni standard i razne definicije. Slijedi skup nekih definicija: