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Gasping for breath and struggling to speak is a situation that no one wants to be in. But, an asthmatic person undergoes such frightening, difficult and unpleasant experiences, often. Asthma is prevalent throughout the world. It is a life threatening medical condition that requires immediate medical attention, denial of which leads to death. It is an allergy of the respiratory system and it affects both children and adults alike. Asthma has no cure, but if managed well, the patient can lead a normal and active life. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs and the airways. In this disease, the airways are inflamed and swollen. The airways also produce mucous. All these factors narrow down the airways, thus reducing the volume of air inhaled, resulting in respiratory oxygen deficiency to the body. Usually, the organism pays with life for oxygen deficiency, if the condition is not normalized in a short period of time. Types Asthma is of different types based on causal factors. Allergic asthma is an allergic reaction to certain environmental agents such as dust. Exercise-induced asthma occurs in certain people when they exercise or exert their bodies physically. Cough-variant asthma is chiefly symptomized by severe coughing. Occupational asthma occurs in certain people because of their exposure to agents that trigger asthma at their workplace. Examples are woodworkers, hair dressers, animal breeders and nurses. Nocturnal asthma is characterized by asthmatic attacks during the night time. Causes Asthma is an immune system disorder. A variety of causal agents may trigger an asthma attack, but all attacks result in inflammation of the airways of the body and their clogging, resulting in the reduction of the volume of air that is allowed to be passed through them. The bronchi become over-reactive to environmental stimulants. They become periodically constricted, resulting in a bronchiospasm. Risk Factors Asthma has a number of risk factors. Your genetic makeup is the first risk factor for this disease. A child with a family history of asthma is more likely to suffer from it in adulthood. People who are frequently exposed to asthma allergens such as pollen, animal dander, mites, molds, dust, and some foods, are more susceptible to this disease. Respiratory diseases in childhood, low birth weight, GERD, obesity, and exposure to environmental toxins (second-hand tobacco, damp house, mold exposure, cockroach exposure, dust-mite, cooking gas, artist paint, etc.) are all asthma risk factors. Symptoms Asthma symptoms are mainly associated with the respiratory system. Nocturnal coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and pain or tightness in the chest are the classic symptoms of an asthma attack. The symptoms vary from person to person and from one attack to the other in the same person. Mild asthma attacks are resolved by themselves after a short period of time, but severe asthma attacks require timely medical attention. Apart from shortness of breath and wheezing, easily getting fatigued on exercising, nasal congestion and cold, blue lips or finger tips, panic attack, pale and sweaty face, and sleep disturbances are early signs of asthma. As the severity of symptoms can escalate rapidly, it is important to take timely treatment against the asthma symptoms once they are recognized. Treatment Avoidance of the asthma allergens is the first step that one can take to prevent or cure an asthma attack. Asthma medicines are administered in the form of oral pills and inhaled medicines. Asthma medicines are categorized as long term and short term medications. Inhaled corticosteroids, cromolyn, omalizumab, inhaled long-acting beta 2 agonists, luekotriene modifiers, and theophylline are all long term control asthma medications. Inhaled short acting beta2 agonists are short term control medicines that provide temporary relief from asthma.
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Astma Astma (grčki: ásthma) bolest je dišnog sustava čovjeka u kojoj dolazi do stiskanja mišića dišnog sustava, često kao posljedica izloženosti alergenima, hladnom zraku, tjelovježbi ili emocionalnom stresu. Kao posljedica stiskanja mišića dišnog sustava javlja se otežano disanje, osjećaj nedostatka zraka, pritisak u prsnom košu, kašalj, što su obilježja astme. Između astmatičnih napada većina pacijenata se osjeća dobro. Astma je kronično upalno stanje sluznice dišnih putova. Kao posljedica izloženosti različitim stimulacijama dolazi do pojačanog stvaranja sluzi u dišnim putovima, koje otežava protok zraka i prouzrokuje astmatične simptome. Simptomi, koji variraju u rasponu od blagih do po život opasnih, mogu obično biti kontrolirani lijekovima i načinom života. Liječenje astme Liječenje astme široki je pojam koji objedinjuje medikamentozne, higijensko epidemiološke i edukativne mjere. Medikamentozne mjere liječenja astme definirane su GINA smjernicama i ovise o težini bolesti. Svi lijekovi koji se danas koriste u liječenju astme mogu se svrstati u dvije osnovne skupine. Prvu skupinu čine lijekovi koji djeluju tako da suzbijaju upalu (protuupalni lijekovi) dok u drugu skupinu spadaju oni koji šire dišne putove i olakšavaju prolaz zraka kroz njih. Obzirom da je astma kronična upalna bolest važno je prvenstveno liječiti upalu pa je stoga prva skupina lijekova najvažnija u pravilnom liječenje astme dok lijekovi iz druge skupine postoje samo kao dodatna terapija bolesti. Ovdje valja naglasiti i iznimku po kojoj prema GINA smjernicama jedino u povremenoj astmi (GINA 1.) nije potrebna trajna protuupalna terapija (ovo je još uvijek podložno diskusiji), dok je ona za sve ostale stupnjeve (trajna astma) potrebna. Iskoristi dan, ne vjeruj sljedećem!!