http___hr.casting-steel.com_news_automobile-casting-process-knowledge-and-devel-9914435.html_1.xml
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Casting is one of the oldest metal forming methods. About 15% ~ 20% of automotive parts are castings made by different casting methods. These castings are mainly key components of power system and important structural components. Currently Europe and the United States automobile industry developed countries car casting advanced production technology, product quality, production efficiency, environmental pollution. Casting raw and auxiliary materials have been formed series and standardization, the entire production process has been achieved mechanization, automation and intelligence. These countries generally use digital technology to enhance the level of foundry process design, casting scrap rate of about 2% to 5%, and has established a multinational service system and network technical support. In contrast, China's automobile castings, although larger in output, are mostly black castings with added value and low technical content and relatively simple structure, which are far from foreign countries. This paper mainly from the automobile energy saving and environmental protection aspects of the development needs, discusses the car casting and automotive technology development. With the increasing demand for automobile energy saving and environmental protection as well as the reduction of production cost, the casting and forming advantages of the existing casting, the original stamping, welding, forging and casting of several parts, through rational design and structural optimization of integrated parts casting Forming, can effectively reduce the weight of parts and reduce unnecessary processing technology, so as to achieve the components of lightweight and high performance. Under the premise of ensuring the strength and safety performance of the vehicle, the curb weight of the vehicle can be reduced as much as possible to reduce the weight of the vehicle so as to improve the dynamic performance of the vehicle, reduce fuel consumption and reduce exhaust pollution. Every 100 kilograms of car curb weight reduction, 100 km fuel consumption can be reduced 0.3 ~ 0.6 L, if the vehicle weight to reduce 10%, fuel efficiency can be increased 6% to 8%. With the need of environmental protection and energy conservation, the light weight of automobiles has become the trend of world automobile development. The light weight of automobile castings has also become one of the important development directions of automotive castings. The so-called car casting precision casting forming mainly refers to the lost foam and investment casting technology. With the development of automotive casting forming technology, casting precision forming refers to a type of casting forming method. Castings made by this type of shaping can be used directly without cutting or cutting. With the increasing requirements on the precision of castings, casting precision forming technology has been rapidly developed in recent years, and a series of new casting forming methods such as precise sand casting, lost foam casting, controlled pressure casting and pressure casting have emerged. Cosworth casting method is developed by the United Kingdom with a zircon sand sand core combination and the use of electromagnetic pump control pouring method has been successfully used for mass production of aluminum alloy cylinder, and there have been many technological variations, such as the use of low pressure casting instead of electromagnetic Pump casting process. This type of casting method can produce aluminum alloy cylinder wall thickness of 3.5 ~ 4.0 mm, is the representative of the precise sand casting process. To meet the increasingly stringent environmental laws and regulations, the car is moving in the direction of lightweight. For every 10% reduction in vehicle weight reduction, fuel consumption can be reduced by 5.5%, fuel economy can be increased by 3% ~ 5%, and emission can be reduced by about 10%. The application of aluminum and magnesium and other non-ferrous alloy castings, the development of large and complex integrated structure of castings and the extensive application of precision casting forming technology is the main way to achieve lightweight automotive castings. Therefore, it is required that the research and development and production of automotive castings should be realized through the extensive use of digital technologies, through the wide application of high-performance casting materials and automation equipment and to meet the needs of the modern automobile industry.
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Lijevanje je jedna od najstarijih deformiranja metode. Oko 15% ~ 20% auto dijelovi su odljevci od strane različitih lijevanje metoda. Ove odljevci su uglavnom ključnih komponenti sustava i važne strukturne komponente. Trenutno Europe i sad-u automobilskoj industriji razvijen zemalja auto lijevanje napredne tehnologije proizvodnje, kvalitete proizvoda, efikasnosti proizvodnje, zagađenje okoliša. Lijevanje sirovog i pomoćni materijali su formirane serije i standardizaciju, proizvodnja je bila postići mehanizacija, automatizacija i inteligencije. Ove zemlje uglavnom koristiti digitalnu tehnologiju kako bi se poboljšala razina ljevaonica proces dizajna, lijevanje škarta stopa od oko 2% do 5%, i uspostavio multinacionalne u sustav i mrežu tehničke podrške. S druge strane, Kina je auto odljevaka, iako veće proizvodnje, u su uglavnom crne odljevaka s dodane vrijednosti i niske tehnički sadržaj i relativno jednostavna struktura, koje su od stranih zemalja. Ovaj rad uglavnom od automobilske energije i zaštite okoliša aspekti razvoja treba, govori o auto lijevanje i razvoj automobilske tehnologije. Uz sve veću potražnju za automobilske energije i zaštite okoliša, kao i smanjenje troškova proizvodnje, lijevanje i formiranje prednosti postojeće lijevanje, originalni tisak, zavarivanje, kovanje i lijevanje od nekoliko dijelova, kroz racionalni dizajn i strukturna optimizacija integrirani dijelova lijevanje Forming, učinkovito možete smanjiti težinu dijela i smanjiti nepotrebne obrada tehnologija, kako bi se postigla komponente lagani i visoke performanse. Pod prostor osigurava snagu i sigurnost izvedbu vozila, težina vozila može biti smanjen što više smanjiti masu vozila tako da se poboljšanje dinamičkih performansi vozila, smanjenje potrošnje goriva i smanjenje ispušnih zagađenje. Svakih 100 kilograma auto rubnik težina smanjenje potrošnje goriva 100 km može biti smanjena 0,3 ~ 0.6 L, ako težinu vozila da se smanji 10%, potrošnja goriva može biti povećana 6% do 8%. Potrebe zaštite okoliša i očuvanje energije, male težine automobila postala trend svjetske automobilske razvoj. Lagani automobil odljevaka je također postala jedna od važan razvojni pravac automobilski odljevaka. Takozvani auto lijevanje precizno lijevanje formiranje uglavnom odnosi na izgubljene pjene i tehnologiji lijevanja ulaganja. Razvojem automobilske lijevanje formiranje tehnologija lijevanja preciznost formiranje odnosi se na vrsta oplate formiranje metoda. Odljevci od strane ove vrste oblikovanje može se koristiti izravno, bez rezanja ili rezanja. Uz sve veći zahtjevi na točnost odljevaka, lijevanje preciznost formiranje tehnologija je vrlo brzo razvio u posljednjih nekoliko godina, i niz novih lijevanje formiranje metode kao što su precizno pijeska lijevanje, izgubljene pjena lijevanje, kontrolira tlak lijevanje i lijevanje tlak su se pojavili. Cosworth lijevanje metoda je razvijen od strane države sa cirkon pijesak pijesak jezgra kombinacija i korištenje elektromagnetskih pumpa kontrolu izlijevanje metoda se uspješno koristi za masovnu proizvodnju aluminijske legure boce, a bilo je mnogo tehnološke varijacije, kao što su korištenje niskog tlaka lijevanje umjesto elektromagnetskih procesa lijevanja pumpa. Ova vrsta metodom lijevanja može proizvesti aluminijske legure cilindar debljina 3,5 ~ 4,0 mm, je predstavnik precizno pijeska lijevanje proces. Kako bi zadovoljili sve strože ekološke zakone i propise, auto se kreće u smjeru lagane. Za svakih 10% smanjenje u smanjenje težine vozila, potrošnja goriva može se smanjiti za 5,5%, potrošnja goriva može se povećati za 3% ~ 5%, a emisija mogu se smanjiti za oko 10%. Primjena aluminija i magnezija i drugih obojenih aluminijski odljevci, razvoj velikih i složenih integriranih struktura odljevaka i niz precizno lijevanje formiranje tehnologija je glavni način za postizanje lagane Automobilski odljevaka. Stoga je potrebno da istraživanje i razvoj i proizvodnja automobilskih odljevaka bi trebao biti realiziran kroz opsežnu uporabu digitalnih tehnologija, kroz široku primjenu visokih performansi Ljevački materijali i oprema za automatizaciju i za potrebe moderne automobilske industrije.