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The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located in the neck. Its main function is to produce thyroid hormones, which control the body’s metabolic rate. The thyroid gland uses iodine (mostly available from the diet in foods such as seafood, bread, and salt) to produce thyroid hormones. The two most important thyroid hormones are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). While a small amount of T3 is actually made in the thyroid gland, most of it is converted in the tissues from the T4 released from the thyroid gland into the blood. T3 is the active hormone that affects the metabolism of cells. An excess of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism) overstimulates the body, resulting in increased heart rate, anxiety, and weight loss, while a lack of thyroid hormones (hypothryoidism) can cause depression, sluggishness, weight gain, and heart failure. Hyperthyroidism is rare (affecting about 1 percent of the population), while mild, subclinical hypothyroidism may be much more common than most people think. Subclinical hypothyroidism is estimated to occur in a significant percentage of the adult American population (Hollowell JG et al 2002). One side effect of thyroid deficiency is high cholesterol. It is very possible that many people are being prescribed cholesterol-lowering statin drugs while their underlying problem—low thyroid function—goes unaddressed. The most common cause of overt hypothyroidism in the United States is an autoimmune disorder known as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (Lorini R et al 2003). This condition is characterized by an overactive immune system response that floods the thyroid gland with white blood cells that attack the gland. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is more common in women than in men, and there is a genetic component to the disease. Worldwide, a lack of dietary iodine is the leading cause of hypothyroidism (Delange F 1998). Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Since table salt was iodized in the United States, lack of dietary iodine has not been a major problem, though cases of iodine deficiency are still reported. In recent years, the concern about too much sodium has led many to restrict salt resulting in lower iodine intake. Besides iodine, thyroid function can be affected by a number of nutrients, including zinc and selenium. Deficiencies in either of these have been shown to increase the risk of hypothyroidism. Standard blood tests are inadequate and may miss many cases of subclinical hypothyroidism. Additional tests to r/o Hashimoto’s and defects in the conversion of T4 to T3 are required. An iodine stimulation test may be needed to diagnose iodine deficiencies. Low levels of thyroid hormone may result in a host of medical problems ranging from weight gain, poor energy, cardiac insufficiency, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, impaired glucose metabolism, depression and psychiatric disorders, musculoskeletal pain, infertility and reproductive disorders, pregnancy complications and, in severe cases, death. The most common treatment for low thyroid hormone levels consists of thyroid hormone drug replacement therapy. The goals of thyroid hormone replacement are to relieve symptoms and to provide sufficient thyroid hormone to decrease elevated TSH levels to within the normal range (Hennessey JV et al 1986). Most commonly, clinicians give a drug which only contains T4 expecting the body to convert the T4 to the active hormone T3. This conversion requires many nutrients and is inhibited by stress. Clinical trials report patients feel better when a combination of T4 and T3 are given. Additionally, iodine, zinc, selenium, Vitamin C, copper and Vitamin E may be deficient and could result in incomplete relief of symptoms and may need to be replaced as well. Proper doses of nutrients are critical to avoid the side effects of incorrect replacement and proper training is crucial for a successful outcome.
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Homeopatija kod disfunkcije štitnjače Štitnjača ili štitna žlijezda nalazi se s prednje strane vrata, odmah ispod Adamove jabučice, uglavnom je ne vidimo, osim kad se u njoj nalaze veći čvorovi ili je čitava žlijezda uvećana. Preko hormona koje proizvodi , štitna žlijezda utječe na gotovo sve metaboličke procese u tijelu. Luči hormon tiroksin koji ima važnu ulogu u reguliranju normalnog funkcioniranja organizma. Najčešće tegobe sa štitnjačom uključuju napravilnu proizvodnju hormona. U osnovi postoje dva oblika disfunkcije štitnjače, a to su HIPERTIREOIDIZAM (hipertireoza) - koji luči povećanu količinu hormona tiroksina, te hipotireoidizam. HIPOTIREOIDIZAM ( hipotireoza)- gdje se luči manja količina hormona. Obje bolesti se mogu lako utvrditi pretragama razine hormona štitnjače, te hormona hipofize, kao i ultrazvučnim pregledom. HIPERTIREOIDIZAM ( hipertireoza) - najčešće nastaje kao rezultat autoimunog oštećenja žlijezde, ovo stanje smatra se najčešćim hormonalnim poremećajem. Zahvaća pretežito žene u reproduktivnom životnom razdoblju. SIMPTOMI HIPERTIREOZE: - Gubitak tjelesne težine usprkos dobrom apetitu - Ubrzani puls, visoki krvni tlak - Nepodnošenje topline - Pojačana nervoza s prekomjernim znojenjem - Učestalije obavljanje velike nužda, a katkada i proljev - Mišićna slabost - Drhtanje ruku - Razvoj gušavosti (štitnjača bude povećana), a oči izbuljene HIPOTIREOIDIZAM - proistječe iz smanjene proizvodnje hormona štitnjače. Za proizvodnju tjelesne energije potrebne su određene količine hormona štitnjače, pa pad proizvodnje hormona dovodi do niže proizvodnje energije. Čest uzrok hipotireoze je Hashimotov tireoiditis, autoimuni poremećaj u kojem bijela krvna tjelešca postupno isiskuju tkivo štitnjače, koje tada napadaju protutijela, bjelančevine imunološkog sustava. Hipotireoza može biti isto tako i posljedica operacijskog odstranjenja štitnjače ili kemijskog razaranja tkiva tijekom liječenja hipertireoze. Ako ste izloženi visokoj količini joda, možda iz skrivenih izvora – lijekova za prehlade i sinuse ili nekog medicinskog testa, postoji veća opasnost od razvoja hipotireoze, posebice ako ste i prije imali problema sa štitnjačom. Hipotireoza je posebice opasna za novorođenčad i dojenčad, jer manjak hormona štitnjače u ranoj dobi može dovesti do duševne zaostalosti i zastoja u razvoju. SIMPTOMI HIPOTIREOZE: - Tromost - Usporeno razmišljanje - Usporeni rad srca - Povećana osjetljivost na hladnoću - Trnci ili gubitak osjeta u rukama - Razvoj gušavosti HASHIMOTOVA BOLEST – kao i u svakom autoimunom poremećaju, stvaraju se protutijela koja napadaju vlastite stanice, a u ovom slučaju štitnu žlijezdu. Poremećaj može biti povezan i s trudnoćom, ali je najčešće prolaznog karaktera. Posljedica je obično nedovoljna količina unosa joda u organizam. Simptomi nisu uočljivi kao kod povećanog rada žlijezde. Često je potrebno više vremena da se klinička slika razvije do te mjere da se posumnja u rad ove žlijezde. Prisutan je stalni umor, osoba ne podnosi hladnoću, javlja se oticanje kapaka i lica, debljina, koža postaje suha, a kosa slamnata. Homeopatija u tretiranju poremećaja štitnjače svakoj osobi pristupa individualno, te se na temelju anamneze, te uvida u liječničke nalaze određuje najbolja terapija za svaku osobu pojedinačno. Neke od homeopatskih remedija koje dobro djeluju na disfunkciju štitnjače su: Iodum, Lachesis, Arsenicum Iodatum, te mnoge dr. POŠALJITE UPIT Imamo 11 gostiju i nema članova online