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background Meningitis, also called meningococcal disease or spinal meningitis, is inflammation of the thin tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord (called the meninges). There are several types of meningitis. The most common is viral meningitis, which is contracted when a virus enters the body through the nose or mouth and travels to the brain. Bacterial meningitis is rare, but can be deadly. Initial symptoms usually resemble a cold. Bacterial meningitis can block blood vessels in the brain and lead to stroke and brain damage. It can also harm other organs. Left untreated, bacterial meningitis can be fatal. For bacterial meningitis, it is also important to know which type of bacteria is causing the meningitis. Antibiotics can prevent some types from spreading and infecting other people. Before the 1990s, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis, but new vaccines being given to all children as part of their routine immunizations have reduced the occurrence of invasive disease due to H. influenzae. Today, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningititis are the leading causes of bacterial meningitis. Determining the bacteria causing meningitis is important in choosing the correct antibiotic treatment. Anyone can get meningitis, but it is more common in individuals whose bodies have trouble fighting off infections and who have poor immune systems, such as those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cancer, the elderly, and the malnourished. Meningitis can progress rapidly. Hallmark symptoms of meningitis include all of the following: a sudden fever; a severe headache; and a stiff neck. Individuals experiencing these symptoms should seek medical care. In the past, the majority of meningitis cases occurred in children younger than five years. Due to the protection offered by current childhood vaccines, most meningitis cases now occur in young people between the ages of 15-24. The elderly also tend to have a higher incidence of meningitis than do young children due to poor immune health. There are nearly 3,000 cases of meningitis every year in the United States. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), between 10-12% of the cases are fatal. Early treatment can help prevent serious problems, including death. Vaccines can prevent some of the bacterial infections that cause meningitis. Parents of adolescents and students living in college dorms should talk to a doctor about the vaccination. Related Terms Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, adrenal gland, AIDS, bacterial meningitis, cancer, cerebro-spinal fluid, chronic meningitis, cochlear implant, computerized tomography, cortisol, CSF, CT, enteroviral meningitis, Escherichia coli, fungal meningitis, Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae, herpes viruses, Hib vaccine, HIV, human immunodeficiency virus, kidney dialysis, Listeria monocytogenes, lumbar puncture, Lyme disease, MCV4, meninges, meningococcal conjugate vaccine, meningococcal disease, MMR, mumps, Neisseria meningititis, opisthotonos, PCR, PCV, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, polymerase chain reaction, PPV, sepsis, spinal meningitis, spinal tap, Streptococcus pneumoniae, syphilis, TB, throat culture, tuberculosis, ultrasound, upper respiratory infections, viral meningitis, white blood cells, X-rays.
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su Većina slučajeva meningitisa uzrokovan virusom . Rjeđi , ali opasnije je bakterijski meningitis . U rijetkim slučajevima ,gljivične infekcije ili parazit može uzrokovati meningitis . Prema Centara za kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti ( CDC ) , virusni meningitis najčešće se javlja kod djece mlađe od pet godina , dok je bakterijski meningitis se češće dijagnosticira u preteens i mladih odraslih osoba . Razmatranja na bakterije koje uzrokuju bakterijskog meningitisa su nosili do jedne četvrtine stanovništva . Dobra osobna higijena može spriječiti širenje bakterija . Nemojte dijeliti pribor za jelo , boce s vodom ili naočale . Nemojte dijeliti ruž ili sjajilo za usne . Često perite ruke . Rizični čimbenici Živjeti u komšiluku , kao što je sleepover kampu ili koledž spavaonica , može povećati rizik od zaraze meningitisom . Iako je meningitis može štrajk u bilo kojoj dobi , tinejdžeri i studenti su na povećan rizik . Neke bolesti , lijekovi i kirurški zahvati mogu oslabiti imunološki sustav i povećava rizik od meningitisa . Prevencija CDCrecommendsmengiococcal cjepivo za svu djecu u dobi između 11 i 18 godina. Ovo cjepivo se također preporučuje za vojnu službu , ljudi s određenim poremećajima imunološkog sustava ili ljudi koji putuju na područje gdje meningitis je čest. promicanje zdravlja Nastojeći zadržati zdrav imunološki sustav može zaštititi od mnogih bolesti . Jedite dobro uravnoteženu prehranu , i budite sigurni da uključuje mnogo voća i povrća . Redovito vježbanje i dobiti puno odmora i sna . Izbjegavajte korištenje cigareta, alkohola ili droga . Upozorenje Ako sumnjate da ste vi iličlan vaše obitelji ima simptome meningitisa , odmah potražite liječničku pomoć . Iako je virusni meningitis može otići na svoju vlastitu u nekoliko dana , bakterijski meningitis mogu bitiopasne po život u slučaju nužde . Ne postoji način za reći koji tip imate bez liječničke intervencije . Simptomi za gledati su vrućica, jaka glavobolja, zbunjenost , ukočenost vrata i povraćanje . Također nazvati svog liječnika ako ste bili izloženi meningitisa . Možda ćete morati uzimati lijekove kako bi se spriječilo dobivanje bolesna . From:http://hr.265health.com/conditions-treatments/medical-conditions/1016128204.html