http___hr.clearblue.com_ciklusi-mjese_C4_8Dnice-i-ovulacija_1.xml
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Getting pregnant isn’t always easy and there are many factors that assist in achieving a successful pregnancy. These factors include: - The production of healthy sperm by the man and healthy eggs by the woman - Unblocked fallopian tubes that allow the sperm to reach the egg - The sperm’s ability to fertilise the egg when they meet - A genetically healthy embryo - The ability of the embryo to implant in the uterus. Encountering difficulty with any of these factors could be the cause of not getting pregnant. Encountering difficulties? Click here to make an appointment for a free 15 minute chat with one of our Fertility Nurses. Female Ovulation and the Menstrual Cycle Every month, your body goes through normal and natural changes that assist your ovaries in releasing an egg, which may or may not get fertilised during the month. This process is known as the menstrual cycle. Day one of your cycle is the first day of menstruation; this is the first day that you bleed during your period. The length of your cycle can vary every month. To determine your cycle’s length, simply count the days from the first day of your period up to, but not including, the first day of your next period. The average woman’s menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days but it is perfectly normal for your cycle to last anywhere from 24 to 34 days. The typical menstrual cycle begins with your period during which time your low hormone levels signal to your body to begin producing more hormones. Although your egg follicles will begin to develop as many as 20 eggs, only one will mature and be released into your fallopian tube about halfway through your menstrual cycle. The process of your egg follicles releasing the egg is known as ovulation. On average, ovulation occurs 14 days before the start your period. However, it is normal for a woman to ovulate anywhere from 12 to 18 days before menstruation. This increase in hormones not only helps to develop an egg but also your endometrium (the lining of the uterus), which becomes thicker and more suitable for implantation of a fertilised egg. Your cervical mucus also changes as your cycle progresses, going from dry and thick at the start of your cycle to thin and slippery around the time of ovulation. This thinner cervical mucus will make it easier for sperm to swim towards the fallopian tubes and the released egg. Once an egg has been released, the sides of the fallopian tube periodically spasm aiding the egg in travelling down the tube towards the uterus. If the egg fails to be fertilised during this time, it will break up once it reaches the uterus. Additionally, since your thickened endometrium is also no longer needed as there is no fertilised egg to implant itself into the lining, the lining will shed over a period of three to eight days. This discharge is what makes up your menstrual flow. Use our ovulation calculator to help determine your ovulation date. Please remember that this ovulation calculator is just a guide and to determine a precise ovulation date we recommend talking to one of our Fertility Specialists. The female reproductive organs The female reproductive organs are comprised of a vagina, a cervix, a uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. All of these organs work together to help a woman menstruate, conceive and carry a baby to term. Vagina: This tube like structure connects your internal reproductive organs with your external genitalia. Cervix: This part of your reproductive organs is situated between the vagina and uterus. It secretes mucus that can help or obstruct sperm from fertilising an egg. Uterus: Also known as the womb, the uterus is a muscular organ made up of three layers: the peritoneum (outer layer), myometrium (middle layer) and endometrium (inner lining). An egg that has been fertilised will implant itself into the endometrium lining and will continue to develop in the uterus throughout the pregnancy. Fallopian Tubes: The fallopian tubes extend off the upper sides of the uterus and lead up to the ovaries. They have 20 to 25 finger-like structures on their ends that hover just above the ovaries and work to collect the mature egg when it is released. It is in the fallopian tubes that fertilisation of the egg will take place. Ovaries: Ovaries are the storing house for your egg follicles; every month, one of these egg follicles will mature and release an egg into the fallopian tubes. The ovaries are also responsible for producing oestrogen and progesterone, which are vital for proper reproductive function. The eggs in each ovary are made before a woman is born. The most eggs a woman will ever have – about 7 million – is when there’s still 20 weeks to go before birth. From this time on, the number of eggs will diminish in number, and none will be replaced. A girl is born with about 2 million eggs. At the time she has her first period there are about 400,000. Male The Male Reproductive Organs The testes lie in the scrotum, the pouch of skin located beneath the man’s penis. The testes are the organs that produce sperm and testosterone. From the testes, sperm pass slowly through the coiled channels of the epididymis, where they mature. Once sperm are mature, they move into the vas deferens, a tube that connects the epididymis with the urethra via a common ejaculatory duct. The entire process of sperm formation takes approximately 72 days. Natural Fertility Process Once an egg has been released from the ovaries, it will begin to travel down the fallopian tubes towards the uterus. As it advances towards the uterus, it begins to produce an enzyme that helps to attract and guide any sperm that may have been ejaculated into the female reproductive system during sex. Although a man releases millions of sperm when he ejaculates during orgasm, only a few hundred will be able to make it all the way from the cervix up into the uterus and then into the correct fallopian tube. Just one sperm will then be able to make its way through the eggs tough coating to fertilise the egg. The fertilised egg will then continue travelling down the fallopian tube to the uterus. Once in the uterus, the egg will implant itself into the endometrial lining and officially become an embryo. Embyro Development Have a question about getting pregnant that you need answered? Make an appointment for a free 15 minute chat with one of our Fertility Nurses today!
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Vaš ciklus mjesečnice Vjerojatno već znate dosta toga o svojem ciklusu mjesečnice – poput toga koliko često dobivate mjesečnicu i koliko su vaše mjesečnice teške. Na ovoj ćemo stranici podrobnije pogledati ženski ciklus mjesečnice i ovulaciju. Očito je kako nijedna mrežna stranica ne može zamijeniti razgovor sa zdravstvenim djelatnikom, no iz ovoga teksta biste mogli dobro općenito razumjeti kako sve to djeluje. Razumijevanje vašeg ciklusa mjesečnice Duljine ciklusa kod žena se razlikuju, ali je najčešće duljina ciklusa negdje između 23 i 35 dana. Svaka razlika u ciklusu mjesečnicu do koje može doći, vjerojatno će se dogoditi tijekom dijela ciklusa prije ovulacije (što se naziva folikularna faza). Za većinu žena, duljina vremena između ovulacije (kad je jajašce otpušteno iz jajnika) i njihove mjesečnice je između 12 i 16 dana (to se naziva lutealna faza). Ciklus mjesečnice Vaša mjesečnica Prvi dan vašeg ciklusa mjesečnice je prvi dan vaše mjesečnice (1. dan). Mjesečnica potom obično traje od 3 do 7 dana. Ako imate bolove tijekom mjesečnice, vjerojatno znate da su oni najteži tijekom prvih nekoliko dana mjesečnice. To je stoga što hormoni u vašem tijelu uzrokuju da vaša maternica otpusti oblogu koja je izrađena tijekom prethodnog ciklusa mjesečnice. Priprema za ovulaciju Na početku vašeg ciklusa, hipofiza u vašem mozgu proizvodi folikulstimulirajući hormon (FSH). Ovo je glavni hormon koji je uključen u poticanje vaših jajnika na proizvodnju zrelih jajašaca. Folikuli su šupljine u vašim jajnicima ispunjene tekućinom. Svaki folikul sadržava jedno nerazvijeno jajašce. FSH potiče nekoliko folikula na razvoj i proizvodnju hormona estrogena. Vaša razina estrogena je najniža prvog dana vaše mjesečnice. Od tada se počinje povećavati kako folikuli rastu. Premda se nekoliko folikula počinje razvijati, obično jedan folikul postaje „dominantan“ i ovo jajašce sazrijeva unutar rastućeg folikula. U isto vrijeme, rastuća količina estrogena u vašem tijelu osigurava debljanje sluznice vaše maternice hranjivim tvarima i krvlju. To je stoga da, ako zatrudnite, oplođeno jajašce ima sve hranjive tvari i potporu koju treba za rast. Visoke razine estrogena također su povezane s pojavom sluzi koja je pogodna za spermatozoide (njezin naziv je plodna cervikalna sluz). Možete je primijetiti u obliku tankog, ljepljivog iscjetka koji može biti mutno bijele boje. Spermatozoidi mogu jednostavnije plivati kroz ovu sluz i u njoj mogu preživjeti nekoliko dana. Razumijevanje ovulacijskog ciklusa Ovulacija Razina estrogena u vašem tijelu se još povećava i konačno uzrokuje brzo povišenje luteinizirajućeg hormona (nagli porast razine LH hormona). Ovaj nagli porast razine LH hormona uzrokuje puknuće dominantnog folikula i otpuštanje zrelog jajašca iz jajnika, odakle ulazi u jajovod. Ovaj proces je poznat kao ovulacija. Mnoge žene misle da ovuliraju 14. dana, no 14. dan je prosjek i većina žena će zapravo ovulirati drukčijeg dana ciklusa mjesečne. Vaš dan ovulacije će se razlikovati od ciklusa do ciklusa. Neke žene tvrde da osjećaju bolno probadanje dok ovuliraju, no mnoge nemaju nikakav osjećaj i ne postoji nikakav drugi znak da ovulirate. Nakon ovulacije Nakon što je jajašce (ovum) otpušteno, ono se kreće duž jajovoda prema maternici. Jajašce može živjeti do 24 sata. Preživljavanje spermatozoida je različito, obično 3-5 dana, tako da dani prije ovulacije i sâm dan ovulacije su vaši najplodniji dani – dani kad je najvjerojatnije da ćete zatrudnjeti. Čim ste ovulirali, folikul počinje proizvoditi drugi hormon: progesteron. Progesteron uzrokuje daljnju izgradnju sluznice stijenke maternice u pripremi za oplođeno jajašce. U međuvremenu, prazni folikul u jajniku počinje se sužavati, no nastavlja proizvoditi progesteron i također počinje proizvoditi estrogen. U ovoj fazi možete dobiti simptome napetosti prije mjesečnice (PMS) kao što je osjetljivost grudi, nadutost, bezvoljnost, depresiju i razdražljivost. Priprema za sljedeće razdoblje... Kako se prazni folikul sužava, ako jajašce nije oplođeno, razine estrogena i progesterona se snižavaju. Izgrađena zadebljana stijenka maternice, bez visokih razina hormona koji pomažu u njezinom održavanju, počinje se raspadati i vaše tijelo odbacuje stijenku. Ovo je početak vaše mjesečnice i vašeg sljedećeg ciklusa mjesečnice. Ako je jajašce oplođeno, ono se može uspješno usaditi u stijenku maternice. To se obično dešava otprilike tjedan dana nakon oplodnje. Čim se oplođeno jajašce usadilo, vaše tijelo počinje proizvoditi hormon trudnoće, humani korionski gonadotropin (hCG) koji će održati prazni folikul aktivnim. On nastavlja proizvoditi hormone estrogen i progesteron kako bi spriječio odbacivanje obloge maternice, dok posteljica (koja sadržava sve hranjive tvari koje embrij treba) ne sazrije dovoljno kako bi održala trudnoću.