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Acute Bronchitis Topic Overview What is bronchitis? Bronchitis means that the tubes that carry air to the lungs (the bronchial tubes) are inflamed and irritated. When this happens, the bronchial tubes swell and produce mucus. This makes you cough. There are two types of bronchitis: - Acute bronchitis usually comes on quickly and gets better after 2 to 3 weeks. - Chronic bronchitis keeps coming back and can last a long time, especially in people who smoke. Chronic bronchitis means that you have a cough with mucus most days of the month for 3 months of the year and for at least 2 years in a row. This topic focuses on acute bronchitis. Both children and adults can get acute bronchitis. Most healthy people who get acute bronchitis get better without any problems. But it can be more serious in older adults and children and in people with other health problems, especially lung diseases such as asthma or COPD. Complications can include pneumonia and repeated episodes of severe bronchitis. What causes acute bronchitis? Acute bronchitis is usually caused by a virus. Often a person gets acute bronchitis a few days after having an upper respiratory tract infection such as a cold or the flu. Sometimes acute bronchitis is caused by bacteria. Acute bronchitis also can be caused by breathing in things that irritate the bronchial tubes, such as smoke. It also can happen if a person inhales food or vomit into the lungs. What are the symptoms? The most common symptom of acute bronchitis is a cough that usually is dry and hacking at first. After a few days, the cough may bring up mucus. You may have a low fever and feel tired. Most people get better in 2 to 3 weeks. But some people continue to have a cough for more than 4 weeks. If your symptoms get worse, such as a high fever, shaking chills, chest or shoulder pain, or shortness of breath, you could have pneumonia. Pneumonia can be serious, so it's important to see a doctor if you feel like you're getting sicker. How is acute bronchitis diagnosed? Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and examine you. This usually gives the doctor enough information to find out if you have acute bronchitis. In some cases, you may need a chest X-ray or other tests to make sure that you don't have pneumonia, whooping cough, or another lung problem. This is especially true if you've had bronchitis for a few weeks and aren't getting better. More testing also may be needed for babies, older adults, and people who have lung disease (such as asthma or COPD) or other health problems. How is it treated? Most people can treat symptoms of acute bronchitis at home and don't need antibiotics or other prescription medicines. (Antibiotics don't help with viral bronchitis. And even bronchitis caused by bacteria will usually go away on its own.) The following may help you feel better: - Don't smoke. - Suck on cough drops or hard candies to soothe a dry or sore throat. Cough drops won't stop your cough, but they may make your throat feel better. - Breathe moist air from a humidifier, a hot shower, or a sink filled with hot water. The heat and moisture can help keep mucus in your airways moist so you can cough it out easily. - Use nonprescription medicine, such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or aspirin, to relieve fever and body aches. Don't give aspirin to anyone younger than age 20. - Rest more than usual. - Drink plenty of fluids so that you do not become dehydrated. - Use an over-the-counter cough medicine if your doctor recommends it. (Cough medicines may not be safe for young children or for people who have certain health problems.) Cough suppressants may help you to stop coughing. Expectorants can help you bring up mucus when you cough. If you have signs of bronchitis and have heart or lung disease (such as heart failure, asthma, or COPD) or another serious health problem, talk to your doctor right away. You may need treatment with antibiotics or medicines to help with your breathing. Early treatment may prevent complications, such as pneumonia or repeated episodes of acute bronchitis caused by bacteria. What can you do to avoid getting bronchitis? There are several things you can do to help prevent bronchitis. - Avoid cigarette smoke. If you smoke, stop. People who smoke or are around others who smoke have acute bronchitis more often. - Wash your hands often during the cold and flu season. - Avoid contact with people who are sick with a cold or the flu, especially if you have other health problems. - Get a flu vaccine every year, and talk to your doctor about whether you should get a pneumococcal vaccine. Health Tools Health Tools help you make wise health decisions or take action to improve your health. Frequently Asked Questions Other Places To Get Help Organizations Related Information References Other Works Consulted - Wenzel RP, Fowler AA III (2006). Acute bronchitis. New England Journal of Medicine, 355(20): 2125–2130. Credits - Top of Page Next Section:Health Tools Previous Section:Topic Overview - Top of Page Next Section:Frequently Asked Questions Previous Section:Health Tools - Top of Page Next Section:Other Places To Get Help Previous Section:Frequently Asked Questions - Top of Page Next Section:Related Information Previous Section:Other Places To Get Help - Top of Page Next Section:References Previous Section:Related Information - Top of Page Next Section:Credits Previous Section:References - Top of Page Last Revised: July 10, 2012 This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions. To learn more visit Healthwise.org © 1995-2013 Healthwise, Incorporated. 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Bronhitis je bolest gornjeg dijela dišnog sustava kod koje se upali sluznica gornjih bronhijalnih putova u plućima. Kad nadražena sluznica otekne i postane zadebljana, ona suzi ili zatvori sitne dišne putove u plućima, što dovodi do napadaja kašlja praćenih iskašljavanjem guste sluzi, ispljuvkom i teškim disanjem. Bolest se javlja u dva oblika: akutnom i kroničnom Akutni bronhitis - za posljedicu ima jak, suh kašalj i stvaranje ispljuvka koji nekad prate infekciju gornjih dišnih putova; u većini slučajeva infekcija je virusnog podrijetla, ali koji put je izazivaju bakterije. Ako ste inače dobroga zdravlja, natečena sluznica će splasnuti nakon što ste se oporavili od početne infekcije pluća, koja obično traje nekoliko dana. Kronični bronhitis, kao i plućna bolest emfizem, teški su dugoročni poremećaji koji zahtijevaju redovitu medicinsku obradu. SIMPTOMI: Akutni bronhitis: - jak, suh kašalj - žuti, bijeli ili zeleni ispljuvak, koji se obično pojavljuje 24 do 48 sati nakon kašlja - temperatura, groznica - pečenje i stezanje u prsima - nešto bolova ispod prsne kosti za dubokog disanja Kronični bronhitis: - ustrajan kašalj koji stvara žuti, bijeli ili zeleni ispljuvak (najmanje tri mjeseca u godini i više od dvije godine za redom. - hripanje - malo otežano disanje UZROCI Akutni bronhitis općenito je posljedica plućnih infekcija; približno 90 posto tih infekcija virusnog je podrijetla, a 10 posto bakterijskog. Kronični bronhitis može biti posljedica jednog od nekolicine čimbenika. Ponovljeni napadaji akutnog bronhitisa, koji slabe i nadražuju bronhijalne dišne putove s vremenom mogu dovesti do kroničnog bronhitisa. Industrijsko onečišćenje još je jedan od razloga. Kronični bronhitis susreće se u stopama višim od normalne među rudarima, osobama koje dolaze u dodir sa žitaricama, ljevačima metala i ostalim osobama koje su neprestano izložene prašini. Glavni uzrok kod odraslih osoba je intezivno, dugoročno pušenje cigareta, koje nadražuju bronhijalne cjevčice i navodi ih na stvaranje prekomjerne sluzi. Simptomi kroničnog bronhitisa također se pogoršavaju visokim koncentracijama sumpornog dioksida i drugih onečišćujućih tvari u atmosferi. LIJEČENJE HOMEOPATIJOM Homeopatija se pokazala izuzetno uspješna kod prvih znakova akutnog bronhitisa, gdje već nakon nekoliko doza odabrane remedije, simptomi se povlače, dok kod osoba koje boluju od kroničnog bronhitisa liječenje traje duže i svakako se tretira konstitucijskim načinom. Neke od uspješnih remedija kod prvih znakova bronhitisa su: Aconite (za liječenje temperature, kašlja, stezanja u prsima), Kali bichromicum (kod rijteke bijele sluzi, kašlja i nadražljivosti), te Phosphorus (kod gubitka glasa, kašlja, žeđi, grlobolje..) Važno je kod trajanje infekcije akutnog bronhitisa ostati kod kuće i utopliti se , te se ne naprezati, dok kod kroničnog bronhitisa treba izbjegavati izlaganje bojama ili ispušnim parama, prašini, te dimu cigarete.