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background Rhinitis is the medical term for inflammation of the nose. Viruses, bacteria, allergens, and irritants can cause inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes, which results in rhinitis. Once inflamed, the nose produces excessive mucus, which causes a runny nose, nasal congestion, and postnasal drip (when mucus drips from the sinuses, down the throat). Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common allergies. This type of rhinitis occurs when the body's immune system overreacts to allergen (a substance that can cause an allergic reaction), in this case, an airborne substance that is normally harmless, such as mold, pollen, animal dander, or dust mites. Once the allergen is inhaled through the nose, white blood cells of an allergic individual produce an antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE). This immunoglobulin attaches to the allergen, which triggers the release of histamine and other inflammatory chemicals that cause allergic rhinitis symptoms, such as runny nose and nasal congestion. Allergic rhinitis may occur as either acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term). Acute rhinitis is short-term and classified as the common cold, while chronic rhinitis is recurrent, with periods of remission in between. Chronic rhinitis lasts three months or longer. There are two types of allergic rhinitis: seasonal allergic rhinitis and perennial allergic rhinitis. Seasonal allergic rhinitis, also called pollinosis, hay fever, or nasal allergies, is characterized by several symptoms, predominantly in the nose and eyes. Symptoms occur after airborne allergens like dust, dander, or pollen are inhaled. When pollens cause the allergic symptoms, the allergic rhinitis is commonly referred to as "hay fever." According to the American Lung Association, an estimated 26.1 million Americans have hay fever symptoms each year, and 14.6 million Americans have asthma, which often accompanies hay fever. Perennial allergic rhinitis is an allergic reaction to allergens that is not seasonal. Instead, symptoms are persistent and generally less severe than seasonal allergic rhinitis. Some individuals, especially children, may outgrow allergic rhinitis as the immune system becomes less sensitive to certain allergens. Minimizing exposure to known allergens may help prevent or reduce allergy symptoms. Treatment for allergic rhinitis depends on the severity and frequency of the symptoms. Patients may benefit from allergy medications like antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, decongestants, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and nasal corticosteroid sprays. Related Terms Acute rhinitis, airborne allergens, allergen, allergen immunotherapy, allergic reaction, allergic response, allergies, allergy, antihistamine, atrophic rhinitis, butterbur, choline, chronic rhinitis, corticosteroid sprays, cromolyn sodium, decongestant, ephedra, hay fever, histamine, Ig, IgE, immune, immune defense system, immune reaction, immune response, immune system, immunoglobulin, immunoglobulin E, immunotherapy, nasal allergies, nasal congestion, nasal irrigation, nasal sprays, nonallergic rhinitis, perennial rhinitis, pollen, pollinosis, postnasal drip, radioallergosorbent test (RAST®), seasonal allergic rhinitis, seasonal allergies, sinusitis, snuffles, stinging nettle, vasomotor rhinitis, vitamin E. nonallergic types of rhinitis Atrophic rhinitis: Atrophic rhinitis is chronic inflammation of the nose. It causes the nasal mucosa, including the glands, turbinate bones, and nerves in the nose, to atrophy (shrink). It may also cause a foul-smelling nasal discharge. Patients may experience nosebleeds and may lose their sense of smell. This condition may be the result of a sinus surgery or prolonged bacterial infection of the nose. Snuffles: Patients born with syphilis (a sexually transmitted disease) may experience rhinitis. When syphilis is the cause of the symptoms, the condition is called snuffles. Vasomotor rhinitis: Vasomotor rhinitis, also known as nonallergenic rhinitis, is thought to be the result of nerve disorders. Vasomotor rhinitis, unlike allergic rhinitis, does not involve the immune system. Instead, this form is caused by oversensitive or excessive blood vessels in the nasal membrane. The body overreacts to stimuli such as changes in weather, temperature, barometric pressure, chemical irritants, aerosol sprays, psychological stress, or certain types of medication. The exact cause of vasomotor rhinitis is not well understood. It is possible for patients to suffer from vasomotor rhinitis and allergic rhinitis at the same time.
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Kada vaše dijete ima nonallergic rinitis , krvne žile u njegov nos proširiti . Ova ekspanzija ispunjava Vaša bebica je nosnu sluznicu s ekstra tekućinom i krvi , što dovodi do otekline u nosu , koji uzrokuje simptome NAR . Mnogi roditelji djece oboljele od NAR pretpostavljaju njihova djeca alergični , ali NAR ne dogodi kao posljedica alergijske reakcije . Iako su mnogi slučajevi nonallergic rinitis u djece nisu teški , ako se ne liječi NAR simptomi mogu ostaviti svoje dijete osjeća jadno i može utjecati na njegov dan-to - dan život . Simptomi Ako vaše dijete ima nonallergic rinitis , ona će obično pokazuju simptome i na off tijekom cijele godine . Najčešći simptomi NAR u djece sunos ili curenje iz nosa i postnasal drip ( sluz u grlu ) . Često , ovi simptomi traju nekoliko sati ili dana u isto vrijeme , ovisno o težini vašeg djeteta poremećaja . Rjeđe , vaše dijete može pokazivati svrbež nosa i kihanje . Ako vaše dijete je NAR simptomi su teške ili ne reagira na over-the -counter lijekovi za nosni zagušenja , trebali biste uzeti u obzir uzimanje ju je do liječnika za dijagnozu i liječenje . Uzrokuje iako ne uključuje nonallergic rinitis alergijsku reakciju kod djece , neki okidači mogu doprinijeti - ili čak uzrokovati - djetetovog nosa oticanje , uključujući temperature ili promjene vlažnosti i jakih mirisa . Često , nagle promjene temperature ili vlažnosti izazvati membrane sluznice djetetov nos da nabubri ; Slično tome , jake mirise i ostale u zraku iritansi , poput pasivnog pušenja i teškog zagađenja zraka , može dovesti do NAR na svoje dijete . Drugi mogući uzroci su neke lijekove , začinjenu hranu i hormonskih promjena tijekom puberteta . Dijagnoza Budući da su simptomi nonallergic rinitisa su toliko slični onima alergijskog rinitisa i sinusa problemi , djetetov pedijatar obično će morati prvo isključila alergija i problema sa sinusima kao moguće uzroke . Mogući alergijski testovi koje vaš liječnik može provoditi uključuju kožni test ( male količine različitih alergena se ubrizgava pod koži Vašeg djeteta na testu za reakciju ) i test krvi (laboratorij provjerava vašeg djeteta krv za razine određenih antitijela koji pokazuju prisutnost različitih alergija ) . Vaša bebica Liječnik također može koristiti specijalizirane opreme provjeriti vašeg djeteta nos za nazalne abnormalnosti (kao što je nosni polipi ) koje ukazuju na probleme sa sinusima . Obično , dijagnoza ne može biti dovršen doliječnik uklanja ove dvije uobičajene uzroke simptoma rinitisa . Liječenje Liječenje NAR u djece varira ovisno o težini simptomi vašeg djeteta . Možda ćete biti u mogućnosti kontrolirati blage simptome pomoću pumpicu da isprati svoga djeteta nosna prolaza dnevno ; u stvari , u skladu s klinike Mayo , ova tehnika ( zove nosni lavat ) jeuspješan tretman za NAR . Druge uobičajene home lijekova uključuju korištenje ovlaživač i osiguravanje vaše dijete pije puno vode i puše nos redovito . Ako su simptomi teški , djetetov liječnik će najvjerojatnije prepisati dekongestivi ili antihistaminici , često u obliku spreja . Mayo Clinic navodi da je over-the -counter oralni antihistaminici obično ne kontroliraju Nar simptome kao i oni simptome alergijskog rinitisa . From:http://hr.265health.com/family-health/childrens-health/1016114112.html