http___hr.clearblue.com_ciklusi-mjesecnice-i-ovulacija_1.xml
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Download your very own fertility guide with everything you need to know to boost your fertility and maximize your chances of conceiving naturally. On this page: Understanding your fertility is important because falling pregnant isn’t always easy. If you’re having problems, you’re not alone. One in six Australian couples will have difficulty having a baby. Ingredients for a healthy pregnancy If you’re trying and not getting pregnant, it could mean there’s a problem with one of these key ingredients: - healthy eggs (in women) - healthy sperm (in men) - fallopian tubes with no blockages so sperm can reach the egg - good quality sperm to fertilise the egg - a healthy embryo that can implant in the uterus. How female reproductive organs work The female reproductive organs are located on the inside of the body: - a vagina - a cervix - a uterus - fallopian tubes - ovaries They work together to help a woman menstruate (have their period), conceive (get pregnant) and carry a baby to term. Your vagina Your vagina is a tube-like structure connecting your internal reproductive organs with your external genitalia. The vagina is flexible and stretches when giving birth. Your cervix The cervix is between your vagina and uterus. It secretes mucus (known as cervical mucus) that helps, or sometimes stops, sperm from fertilising an egg. The cervix is also very flexible and expands in childbirth. Your uterus Sometimes referred to as the womb, your uterus is a muscular organ made up of three layers: - outer layer (peritoneum) - middle layer (myometrium) - inner lining (endometrium). When an egg is released from your ovaries, it can take several days for it to reach your uterus. Once the egg is fertilised, it implants into the endometrium (inner lining) and develops in the uterus through pregnancy. Your ovaries Most women have 2 ovaries (left and right). Ovaries store your egg follicles. Each month, a follicle matures and releases an egg into the fallopian tubes. Your eggs are made before you’re even born and start to decrease straight away. You are born with about 2 million eggs, and have about 400,000 left by the time you have your first period. The ovaries also produce oestrogen and progesterone (hormones crucial for reproduction and pregnancy). Your fallopian tubes Fallopian tubesconnect your ovaries to your uterus. They have 20-25 finger-like structures on their ends – a bit like tentacles. These tentacles hover above the ovaries and collect the egg that is released from your ovaries. Fertilisation of the egg by the sperm happens in the fallopian tubes. If your tubes are blocked, you may struggle to get pregnant naturally without some help. How male reproductive organs work Most of the male reproductive system is on the outside of the body. External male reproductive organs: - penis - scrotum - testicles Internal reproductive organs: - epididymis - vas deferens - urethra Penis, scrotum and testicles The penis is the organ used during sex. Semen ejaculates from the end of the penis when orgasm occurs. Semen is a natural fluid produced by the male reproductive system that can contain sperm. The scrotum is the pouch of skin located beneath the penis which contains the testicles (or testes). The testes produce sperm (which can fertilise an egg) and testosterone (a hormone crucial for reproduction). Epididymis When sperm are released from the testes, they are immature and can’t fertilise an egg. From the testes, sperm pass slowly through the coiled channels of the epididymis, where they mature and become ready to fertilise an egg. Vas deferens Once sperm is mature, it moves into the vas deferens. Vas deferens is a tube connecting the epididymis to the pelvic cavity. Urethra The urethra is a tuberunning from the bottom of the bladder to the end of the penis. From the pelvic cavity, sperm moves to the urethra to prepare for ejaculation. When the penis is erect during sex, urine is blocked from the urethra, so only semen is ejaculated. How pregnancy works Once an egg has been released from the ovaries, it travels down the fallopian tubes towards the uterus. As it travels, it produces an enzyme (a natural substance) to attract sperm. Although men release millions of sperm when they ejaculate, only a few hundred will make it from the cervix, up into the uterus and into the correct fallopian tube (on the side the egg has been released that month). Only one sperm can then make its way through the egg’s tough coating to begin fertilisation. The fertilised egg then continues down the fallopian tube to the uterus. It implants into the inner lining (endometrium) and officially becomes an embryo. What is ovulation? Each month, your body has a menstrual cycle where an egg is released from the ovaries. Ovulation is when the egg is released. Ovulation occurs (on average) 14 days before the start of your period. It’s normal for women to ovulate (release the egg from the ovaries) anywhere from 12-18 days before their period starts. How to tell when you ovulate To tell when you are due to ovulate, work out the length of your menstrual cycle. You can do this by counting the days from the first day of your period up to, but not including, the first day of your next period. The average menstrual cycle is about 28 days, but it’s perfectly normal for your cycle to be anywhere from 24-34 days. Other ways to tell you are ovulating: - buy an ovulation kit from a pharmacy or supermarket and test your urine or saliva - check your cervical mucus. Cervical mucus Just before ovulation, your mucus becomes clear and slippery, like an egg white. This creates the best environment for sperm to travel through the cervix – it’s your body’s natural way of telling you it’s the best time to try and get pregnant. After ovulation, your cervical mucus changes again, becoming thicker with a white or yellow colouring, making it harder for the sperm to get through to the cervix. Your fertile window Your fertile window is the time during your menstrual cycle when pregnancy is possible. Technically, this is only about 6 days per cycle – on the first day of ovulation and during the five days leading up to your ovulation.[1] If you have sex 6 or more days before ovulation, the chances of falling pregnant are close to 0%. If you have sex 5 days before ovulation, your chance of pregnancy increases to 10%.[1] The chances steadily rise until the 2 days before ovulation and the day of ovulation. When is the best time to conceive? To boost the chance of natural conception, its best to have sex at least every 2 days during your fertile window. If you’re not sure when you ovulate or when your fertile window is, (for example if you have irregular periods), try to have sex every 2-3 days. - Women’s guide to getting the timing right http://yourfertility.org.au/for-women/timing-and-conception
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Vaš ciklus mjesečnice Vjerojatno već znate dosta toga o svojem ciklusu mjesečnice – poput toga koliko često dobivate mjesečnicu i koliko su vaše mjesečnice teške. Na ovoj ćemo stranici podrobnije pogledati ženski ciklus mjesečnice i ovulaciju. Očito je kako nijedna mrežna stranica ne može zamijeniti razgovor sa zdravstvenim djelatnikom, no iz ovoga teksta biste mogli dobro općenito razumjeti kako sve to djeluje. Razumijevanje vašeg ciklusa mjesečnice Duljine ciklusa kod žena se razlikuju, ali je najčešće duljina ciklusa negdje između 23 i 35 dana. Svaka razlika u ciklusu mjesečnicu do koje može doći, vjerojatno će se dogoditi tijekom dijela ciklusa prije ovulacije (što se naziva folikularna faza). Za većinu žena, duljina vremena između ovulacije (kad je jajašce otpušteno iz jajnika) i njihove mjesečnice je između 12 i 16 dana (to se naziva lutealna faza). Ciklus mjesečnice Vaša mjesečnica Prvi dan vašeg ciklusa mjesečnice je prvi dan vaše mjesečnice (1. dan). Mjesečnica potom obično traje od 3 do 7 dana. Ako imate bolove tijekom mjesečnice, vjerojatno znate da su oni najteži tijekom prvih nekoliko dana mjesečnice. To je stoga što hormoni u vašem tijelu uzrokuju da vaša maternica otpusti oblogu koja je izrađena tijekom prethodnog ciklusa mjesečnice. Priprema za ovulaciju Na početku vašeg ciklusa, hipofiza u vašem mozgu proizvodi folikulstimulirajući hormon (FSH). Ovo je glavni hormon koji je uključen u poticanje vaših jajnika na proizvodnju zrelih jajašaca. Folikuli su šupljine u vašim jajnicima ispunjene tekućinom. Svaki folikul sadržava jedno nerazvijeno jajašce. FSH potiče nekoliko folikula na razvoj i proizvodnju hormona estrogena. Vaša razina estrogena je najniža prvog dana vaše mjesečnice. Od tada se počinje povećavati kako folikuli rastu. Premda se nekoliko folikula počinje razvijati, obično jedan folikul postaje „dominantan“ i ovo jajašce sazrijeva unutar rastućeg folikula. U isto vrijeme, rastuća količina estrogena u vašem tijelu osigurava debljanje sluznice vaše maternice hranjivim tvarima i krvlju. To je stoga da, ako zatrudnite, oplođeno jajašce ima sve hranjive tvari i potporu koju treba za rast. Visoke razine estrogena također su povezane s pojavom sluzi koja je pogodna za spermatozoide (njezin naziv je plodna cervikalna sluz). Možete je primijetiti u obliku tankog, ljepljivog iscjetka koji može biti mutno bijele boje. Spermatozoidi mogu jednostavnije plivati kroz ovu sluz i u njoj mogu preživjeti nekoliko dana. Razumijevanje ovulacijskog ciklusa Ovulacija Razina estrogena u vašem tijelu se još povećava i konačno uzrokuje brzo povišenje luteinizirajućeg hormona (nagli porast razine LH hormona). Ovaj nagli porast razine LH hormona uzrokuje puknuće dominantnog folikula i otpuštanje zrelog jajašca iz jajnika, odakle ulazi u jajovod. Ovaj proces je poznat kao ovulacija. Mnoge žene misle da ovuliraju 14. dana, no 14. dan je prosjek i većina žena će zapravo ovulirati drukčijeg dana ciklusa mjesečne. Vaš dan ovulacije će se razlikovati od ciklusa do ciklusa. Neke žene tvrde da osjećaju bolno probadanje dok ovuliraju, no mnoge nemaju nikakav osjećaj i ne postoji nikakav drugi znak da ovulirate. Nakon ovulacije Nakon što je jajašce (ovum) otpušteno, ono se kreće duž jajovoda prema maternici. Jajašce može živjeti do 24 sata. Preživljavanje spermatozoida je različito, obično 3-5 dana, tako da dani prije ovulacije i sâm dan ovulacije su vaši najplodniji dani – dani kad je najvjerojatnije da ćete zatrudnjeti. Čim ste ovulirali, folikul počinje proizvoditi drugi hormon: progesteron. Progesteron uzrokuje daljnju izgradnju sluznice stijenke maternice u pripremi za oplođeno jajašce. U međuvremenu, prazni folikul u jajniku počinje se sužavati, no nastavlja proizvoditi progesteron i također počinje proizvoditi estrogen. U ovoj fazi možete dobiti simptome napetosti prije mjesečnice (PMS) kao što je osjetljivost grudi, nadutost, bezvoljnost, depresiju i razdražljivost. Priprema za sljedeće razdoblje... Kako se prazni folikul sužava, ako jajašce nije oplođeno, razine estrogena i progesterona se snižavaju. Izgrađena zadebljana stijenka maternice, bez visokih razina hormona koji pomažu u njezinom održavanju, počinje se raspadati i vaše tijelo odbacuje stijenku. Ovo je početak vaše mjesečnice i vašeg sljedećeg ciklusa mjesečnice. Ako je jajašce oplođeno, ono se može uspješno usaditi u stijenku maternice. To se obično dešava otprilike tjedan dana nakon oplodnje. Čim se oplođeno jajašce usadilo, vaše tijelo počinje proizvoditi hormon trudnoće, humani korionski gonadotropin (hCG) koji će održati prazni folikul aktivnim. On nastavlja proizvoditi hormone estrogen i progesteron kako bi spriječio odbacivanje obloge maternice, dok posteljica (koja sadržava sve hranjive tvari koje embrij treba) ne sazrije dovoljno kako bi održala trudnoću.