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An unhealthy history of panacea in the past has often acquired medicinal plants with the ability to mitigate pain. Inflammation and pain are the accompanying phenomenon of most diseases. Probably the most well-known opium was an addictive but very potent analgesic that is still used in the case of fatally ill. Opium was a part of the renowned Venetian scout, as well as the all-around laudanum he wore in his hilt of Paracelsus. I am mainly interested in natural analgesics, which are generally beneficial to health - analgesic adapogens. Very simply, there are two types of pain: acute and chronic. Acute pain occurs immediately after the injury. Chronic pain is long-lasting and mostly associated with inflammation of the affected part of the body. Pain is one of the four attributes of inflammation . In addition, there is a pain from inflammation independent, but these cases are rather rare. Thus, chronic pain can be cushioned at two levels: - By suppressing inflammation - By suppressing the perception of pain in the brain Most common analgesics, including adaptogens, relieve pain by suppressing inflammation. The perception of pain in the brain, on the other hand, dampens opioid and cannabinoid analgesics ( Walker2002can ). Specific pains: Effect of adaptogens against chronic pain This category mainly includes anti-inflammatory adaptogens, which are large amounts. Practically all classical adaptogens have greater or lesser anti-inflammatory effects. Opioids and cannabinoids that cushion CNS pain are also of natural origin, but are not among adaptogens. Analgesic effects of ginseng Ginseng mainly cushions chronic pain due to inflammation (see also anti-inflammatory effects ). Of 180 ginseng saponins, at least 10 inhibits NF-kB transcription factor and reduces the expression of cycloxygenase (COX2 gene) and inflammatory NO synthase 2 (NOS2 gene). This effect is due to the ginsenosides Rh1 , Rh2 , Rb2 , Rd , Rg1 , Re , Rg3 and their metabolites 20 (S) -PPT and Compound K ( Christensen2009gcb , Park1996gri , Park2003aag , Oh2004sog , Park2005ieg etc.) that the inhibitory effect at the level of gene expression is physiologically less confusing than the allosteric elimination of the cyclooxygenase of aspirin- like analgesics. Vascular NO synthase 3 does not inhibit ginseng ( Ma2006pae ). The direct effect against the perception of pain in the brain has a minor Ginsenoside Rf ( Mogil 19988gt ) that blocks calcium channels in the nocicepic neurons as strongly as the opioids ( Nah1995tcg ). The analgesic effect of the ginseng saponin extract (against pain caused by capsaicin in mice) had an ED50 of 49 mg / kg when administered intraperitoneally, with an ED50 of about 1.5 mg / kg ( Nah2000ega ) when administered to the cerebral chamber extract. Accordingly, the Yoon1998gid study of a panaxoside mixture administered directly into the brain blocks substance P-induced pain in mice with ED50 of 30 ug / animal, i.e. about 2 mg / kg. Other adaptogens and plants with analgesic effect. - Ginger is an adaptogen with a wide range of positive effects ( Bode2011amg ) including pain relief ( Lakhan2015zep , Hoseinzadeh2015aeg ). - The long-eared turtle is traditional against chronic pain ( Lakhan2015zep ). - Vitania snodárna acts against chronic inflammation ( Rasool2006irw ). - Vulnerable Chinese crowns have an effect against chronic inflammation ( Li2016evo ). - Seed cannabinoids have an analgesic effect ( Elikkottil2009apc , Walker2002can ). They are a potential alternative to opioids, although hemp probably does not meet the definition of adaptogen. (For details on cannabis, see the analgesic page .)
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Nezdrava povijest panacea u prošlosti često je stekla ljekovito bilje s mogućnošću ublažavanja boli. Upala i bol su popratni fenomen većine bolesti. Vjerojatno najpoznatiji opijum bio je zarazan, ali vrlo moćan analgetik koji se još uvijek koristi u slučaju smrtno bolesnih. Opium je bio dio poznatog venecijanskog izviđača, kao i sveobuhvatni laudanum koji je nosio u njegovom zglobu Paracelsusa. Ja sam uglavnom zainteresiran za prirodne analgetike, koji su općenito korisni za zdravlje - analgetski adapogeni. Vrlo jednostavno, postoje dvije vrste boli: akutni i kronični. Akutna bol nastaje odmah nakon ozljede. Kronična bol je dugotrajna i uglavnom je povezana s upalom zahvaćenog dijela tijela. Bol je jedan od četiri svojstva upale . Osim toga, postoji bol od upale nezavisne, ali ti slučajevi su prilično rijetki. Dakle, kronična bol može se ublažiti na dvije razine: - Suzbijanje upale - Suzbijanjem percepcije boli u mozgu Najčešći analgetici, uključujući i adaptogene, ublažavaju bolove suzbijanjem upale. Percepcija boli u mozgu, s druge strane, smanjuje opioidne i kanabinoidne analgetike ( Walker2002can ). Specifične bolove: Učinak adaptogena protiv kronične boli Ova kategorija uglavnom uključuje protuupalne adaptogene, koje su velike količine. Praktički svi klasični adaptogeni imaju veći ili manji protuupalni učinak. Opioidi i kanabinoidi koji utječu na CNS bol su također prirodnog podrijetla, ali nisu među adaptogensima. Analni učinci ginseng Ginseng uglavnom uklanja kroničnu bol zbog upale (vidi također protuupalne učinke ). Od 180 ginsenga saponina, najmanje 10 inhibira NF-kB transkripcijski faktor i smanjuje ekspresiju ciklooksigenaze (COX2 gen) i upalne NO sintetaze 2 (NOS2 gen). Ovaj učinak je posljedica ginsenozida Rh1 , Rh2 , Rb2 , Rd , Rg1 , Re , Rg3 i njihovi metaboliti 20 (S) -PPT i Spoj K ( Christensen2009gcb , Park1996gri , Park2003aag , Oh2004sog , Park2005ieg itd. da je inhibitorski učinak na razini ekspresije gena fiziološki manje konfuzan od alosteričkog uklanjanja ciklooksigenaze aspirinskih analgetika. Vaskularna NO sintaza 3 ne inhibira ginseng ( Ma2006pae ). Izravni učinak protiv percepcije boli u mozgu ima manji ginsenosid Rf ( Mogil 19988gt ) koji blokira kalcijeve kanale u nocicepskim neuronima jednako snažno kao i opioidi ( Nah1995tcg ). Analgetički učinak ekstrakta ginseng saponina (protiv boli uzrokovan kapsaicinom kod miševa) imao je ED50 od 49 mg / kg kada se intraperitonealno davao , s ED50 od oko 1.5 mg / kg ( Nah2000ega ) kada se daje u ekstrakt cerebralne komore. U skladu s tim, studija mješavine panaxosida koja se izravno primjenjuje u mozgu blokira blokadu mišića s EDso od 30 ug / životinji, tj. Oko 2 mg / kg. Ostali adaptogeni i biljke s analgetičkim učinkom. - Đumbir je adaptogen sa širokim rasponom pozitivnih učinaka ( Bode2011amg ) uključujući olakšanje boli ( Lakhan2015zep , Hoseinzadeh2015aeg ). - Dugotračna kornjača je tradicionalna protiv kronične boli ( Lakhan2015zep ). - Vitania snodárna djeluje protiv kroničnih upala ( Rasool2006irw ). - Ranjive kineske krune imaju učinak protiv kronične upale ( Li2016evo ). - Sjemenki kanabinoidi imaju analgetsko djelovanje ( Elikkottil2009apc , Walker2002can ). Oni su potencijalna alternativa opioidima, iako konoplja vjerojatno ne ispunjavaju definiciju adaptogena. (Za pojedinosti o kanabisu pogledajte stranicu analgetika .)