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Protection of brain cells (neurons) Neuroprotective effect = Protection of brain cells (neurons) from damage and death Damage to neurons may be caused by stress, alcohol, narcotics, or other poisons. Neuroprotective effect generally means a soothing effect on microglia (which are modified CNS-based macrophages that serve neurons, respond to brain defense and cleanse dead cells). It turns out that excessive activation of microglia damages the brain. Mental stress , nerve poison , autoimmune processes , stroke and other illnesses have common brain damage by activating microglia. The microglia sensitively responds to brain damage and even mental overload. Microglia plays an immune and cleansing role in the brain. But in situations like brain stroke, hangover , or even mental stress from today's lifestyle, the microglie can not adjust its activation to more than harm. It is the microglia that is responsible for the painful headache in the hangover and in other situations. Significant properties of adaptogens include neuroprotective effects Neuroprotective effects of ginseng This effect has been extensively investigated in the ginseng model adaptogen ( Zhang2008pgg , Li2007peg , Wu2007deg , Lin2007gra , Liao2002neg ) and has been found in other adaptogens. In all these cases, neuroprotective ginseng-type adaptogens have a chance to help. Ginseng contains substances that have the ability to calm the microglia and therefore have a positive effect on hangover, traumatic injury (trauma, shaking of the brain), and other conditions mentioned above. The way this panaxoside achieves is also related to the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of ginseng. - Wu2007deg shows that gssd. Rb 2 , Rd , Rg 1 and Re have a strong inhibitory effect on the production of TNF-a microglia-activated lipopolysaccharides. Gssd Rg 1 and Re also blocked microglia production of NO. Their inhibitory effect on NF-kB transcription factor and other elements of the stress microglia activation cascade (MAPK1, MAPK3, MAPK8) has been confirmed. - In experiments on neuronal cultures, it has demonstrated a protective effect by limiting the inflammation reaction of the microglia and by reducing the production of NO and prostaglandin E2 induced by the addition of bacterial lipopolysaccharides ( Lin2007gra ). - Pxsd. Rb 1 and Rg 1 had a protective effect on spinal neurons in vitro ( Liao2002neg ). - Bae2006grr illustrates the protective effect of ginseng in ischemic stroke with gssd suppressive effect. Rg 3 and Rh 2 to detrimentally activate the microglia. Lipopolysaccharide-activated or interferon-Y activated mice blocked Rh 2 expression of inducible NO synthase (NOS2 gene), and production of NO with IC50 = 17 uM by blocking the binding of transcription factor AP-1 to DNA. This also reduced the expression of cycloxygenase 2 (the PTGS2 gene) and the inflammatory cytokines TNF-a and IL-1B. Rh 2 further enhanced the expression of IL-10 inhibiting inflammation and facilitated the binding of CREB transcription factor to DNA. There was no Rh 2 effect on the binding of NF-kB transcription factor. Effect of gssd. Rg 3 was similar to Rh 2 , but much weaker. - Gssd Rg 2 prevents neuronal death, protects memory and other brain functions in the ischemia / reperfusion model ( Zhang2008pgg ), and protects neurons against glutamate damage ( Li2007peg ) in vitro. - Ginsenoside Rd prevented damage to dopaminergic neurons due to inflammatory activation of microglia by bacterial lipopolysaccharides. ( Lin2007gra ) - Ginsenoside Rg 3 , which is primarily produced by ginseng on red ginseng , reduced the expression of cytokines in inflammatory activated microglia and inhibited the binding of NF-kB transcription factor to the respective DNA binding sites, resulting in increased survival of neuronal cells in vitro. Ginsenoside Rg 3 also almost completely blocked the expression of NOS2 (iNOS) and increased the expression of MSRA (macrophage scavenger receptor type A). ( Joo2008pin ) - Ginseng polysaccharides protect the brain against autoimmune damage in an experimental mouse model ( Hwang2011app ) - Nie2006pep - ginseng panaxynol and panaxydol protect brain neurons subjected to chemical stress before dying. Neuroprotective effects of LBP polysaccharides contained in the pulp. Publications on the neuroprotective effect of the polysaccharides of the sculpture came from a group of scientists at the University of Hong Kong, especially from in vitro experiments, at a time when I was intensively engaged in the subject. Previous treatment with the LBP aqueous extract has protected rat cortex neurons from the AB toxicity (amyloid beta is the protein that appears to be the major constituent of plaque in the brain of Alzheimer's disease ) ( Yu2005nea ). In one of the rare in vivo studies, the effect of LBP on glaucoma caused by high intraocular pressure was investigated. Rats harvested by the LBP extract showed a significant decrease in the number of retinal ganglion neurons. However, the intraocular pressure did not change ( Chan2007nel ). It is virtually certain that over time, the neuroprotective effect of the clergyman will be devoted to other researchers, in which the reader refers to primary sources. Other neuroprotective adaptogens Neuroprotective effects have been found in many adapogenic and medicinal plants. From specific publications, I draw attention to: - Recent reviews of adapogenic and medicinal plants with potential effect on spinal cord injuries ( Zhang2016tet ) and Parkinsonism ( Fu2015pna ) highlight resveratrol, curcumin , tea polyphenols, Ligusticum chuanxiong ligand , flavonoid quercetin present in vegetables and fruit, Pueraria lobata ) and ginseng. - The list of plants potentially effective against Alzheimer's disease ( Hugel2015bfa ) mentions turmeric, Salvia miltiorrhiza , ginseng, cinnamon, coriander, rosemary, sage and other deworms commonly used as spices. - Ganoderma lucidum : Specific studies have focused on protective effects on memory and hippocampal neurons ( Zhou2012nep , Aguirremoreno2011glr ) and on dopaminergic neurons ( Ding2010gle ), whose death results in Parkinson's disease . - Pink rosette counted against autoimmune brain damage ( Zhu2016saa ). - Baikal Shihak has pronounced neuroprotective effects demonstrated in cerebral ischemia and stroke models ( Gaire2014sbs ). Its active ingredient bajcalin protects against cognitive impairment in diabetes ( Ma2015bad ) and its protective effect on the neurons of the hippocampal memory center ( Lim2016asb ) has been identified. - Chinese Koptis ( Zhang2009btb ) and other plants TČM. The plant with these effects must, of course, be much more than I can mention and document in this short paragraph. In addition, there are new reports every year on this topic, so I have to refer you to the primary sources for the latest information. Note, however, that many neuroprotective substances come from spices (curcumin and others) or common foods (resveratrol, quercetin). I would therefore like to draw attention to the book "Spices and Its Medicinal Effects" by the famous prof. Pavel Valíček, where the healing effects of spices are documented more systematically.
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Zaštita moždanih stanica (neurone) Ncuroprotcktivni učinak = zaštitu moždanih stanica (neurona) od oštećenja i smrti Oštećenja neurona može biti uzrokovana stresom, alkoholom, drogama ili drugim toksinima. Neuroprotektivni učinak općenito shvaća umirujuće djelovanje na mikroglije (koji su modificirani makrofaga borave u CNS, služi neurone odgovorne za obranu i mozak jasne mrtve stanice). Čini se da prekomjerna aktivacija mikroglija oštećuje mozak. Psihički stres , nervni otrovi , autoimune procese , moždani udar i druge bolesti imaju zajedničke štete biće na aktivaciju mozga mikroglija. Mikroglija osjetljivi na oštećenja mozga pa čak i puke mentalne preopterećenosti. Mikroglija u mozgu ima ulogu u imunološki i domaćinstva . No, situacija kao što su moždani udar, mamurluka , ili čak puko psihički stres današnjeg načina života s aktivacijom mikroglija ne može prilagoditi joj učiniti više zla nego dobra. Sada mikroglija je odgovoran za uporni glavobolje mamurluka iu drugim situacijama. Izdvajamo adaptogena su neuroprotektivni učinak samo Neuroprotektivni učinci ginsenga Ovaj efekt je opsežno studirao u modelu adaptogen ginsenga ( Zhang2008pgg , Li2007peg , Wu2007deg , Lin2007gra , Liao2002neg ) te je pronađen u drugim adaptogena. U svim tim slučajevima imaju neuroprotektivni Adaptogens vrste ginsenga priliku da pomogne. Ginseng sadrži tvari koje imaju sposobnost umiriti mikroglije i, dakle, djeluje pozitivno na mamurluk traumatskih ozljeda (ozljede, potres mozga), kao i ostale navedene uvjete. Način na koji to postigne panaxosidy, također se odnosi na imunomodulatorni i protu-upalni učinak ginsenga. - Wu2007deg pokazuje da gssd. Rb 2 , Rd , Rg 1 i Re imaju snažan inhibitorski učinak na proizvodnju TNF-a aktivirani mikroglija lipopolisaharida. Gssd Rg 1 i Re dodatno blokira i mikroglialni proizvodnje NO. Potvrđena pomoću njihovog inhibicijskog učinka na transkripcijski faktor NF-kB i druge elemente aktiviranjem stres kaskada mikroglija (MAPK1, MAPK3, MAPK8). - Pokusi na neuronskih kultura pokazale zaštitno djelovanje ograničava upalni odgovor mikroglija i smanjenu produkciju NO i prostaglandina E2 inducirano dodavanjem bakterijskih lipopolisaharida ( Lin2007gra ). - Pxsd. Rb 1 i Rg 1 ima zaštitni učinak na neurone in vitro kralješnice ( Liao2002neg ). - Bae2006grr pokazuje zaštitni učinak ginsenga ishemijskog moždanog udara depresiva gssd. Rg 3 i Rh 2 na štetne aktivaciju mikroglije. U miševa, mikroglije aktiviran lipopolisaharida i interferona-y blokira ekspresiju Rh 2 inducibilne NO-sintetaze (NOS2 gen) i produkciju NO s IC50 = 17uM sprječavanju vezanja transkripcijski faktor AP-1 DNA. To je također ograničenja na ekspresiju ciklooksigenaze 2 (PTGS2 gena) i upalnih citokina TNF-a i IL-1. Rh-2 također povećana ekspresija upale kočenje IL-10 i olakšati transkripcijski faktor CREB vezanja na DNA. Na obvezujući faktor transkripcije NF-kB nije utjecao vlažnosti 2. Gssd učinak. Rg 3 je bio sličan Rh 2, ali mnogo slabiji. - Gssd Rg 2 sprječava neuronska smrt, koji štiti memoriju i druge funkcije mozga u modelu ishemije / reperfuzije ( Zhang2008pgg ) i in vitro štiti neurone od glutamata inzulta ( Li2007peg ). - Ginsenoside Rd spriječilo oštećenje dopaminskih neurona uzrokovane upalnim aktivacijom mikroglije putem bakterijskih lipopolisaharida. ( Lin2007gra ) - Ginsenoside Rg 3, koja se javlja primarno u vreloj ginseng do crvenog ginsenga, smanjena ekspresija citokina u aktiviranih mikroglija i inhibirao vezanje transkripcijskog faktora NF-kB u odgovarajuću DNA vezanja, što dovodi do povećanja preživljavanja neuronskih stanica in vitro. Ginsenoside Rg 3 također gotovo posve blokira ekspresiju NOS2 (iNOS) i povećanom ekspresijom msrA (makrofaga sakupljač receptor tipa A). ( Joo2008pin ) - Ginseng polisaharidi štiti mozak od oštećenja u eksperimentalnom modelu autoimuna miša ( Hwang2011app ) - Nie2006pep - Ginseng panaxynol i panaxydol štite moždane neurone izloženi kemijskim stresom prije smrti. Neuroprotektivni učinci LBP polisaharida sadržanih u goji. Objava neuroprotektivnog djelovanja polisaharida goji došao (u vrijeme kad sam bio intenzivno posvećen temi), uglavnom iz jedne skupine znanstvenika na Sveučilištu u Hong Kongu, uglavnom iz in vitro eksperimentima. Vodeni ekstrakt predtretman LBP zaštititi neurone kore štakora prije Ap toksičnost (amiloidni beta protein se pojavljuje kao glavni sastojak plakova u mozgu Alzheimerove bolesti ) ( Yu2005nea ). U jednom od rijetkih in vivo su ispitali učinak na LBP glaukoma (glaukom) uzrokovanu visokim intraokularnog tlaka. Štakori hranjeni ekstrakt LBP pokazali značajno usporavanje mrežnice ganglija neurona. Očni tlak nije promijenila ( Chan2007nel ). To je gotovo sigurno da tijekom vremena, neuroprotektivna učinci Wolfberry će platiti više istraživača, pri čemu čitatelj se upućuje na primarni izvor. Ostali neuroprotektivni adaptogens Neuroprotektivni učinci otkrivene su u mnogim adaptogena i ljekovitog bilja. Za posebne publikacije upozoriti: - Nedavna izvješća adaptogens i ljekovitog bilja s potencijalnim učinkom na ozljede leđne moždine ( Zhang2016tet ) i parkinsonizam ( Fu2015pna ) naglašavaju resveratrol, kurkumin, tea tree polifenoli ligustrazin kineske ljupčac (Ligusticum chuanxiong) flavonoida kvercetina prisutan u povrću i voću, pueraria kugle (pueraria lobata ) i ginseng. - Pregled biljaka potencijalno učinkovite protiv Alzheimerove bolesti ( Hugel2015bfa ) spominje kurkuma, kadulja červenokořennou (Salvia miltiorrhiza), ginseng, cimet, korijander, ružmarin, kadulja i druge metvice obitelji najčešće koristi kao začin. - Lingzhi gljiva (Ganoderma lucidum) : specifična istraživanja usmjerena na zaštitno djelovanje na pamćenje i hipokampusa neurona ( Zhou2012nep , Aguirremoreno2011glr ) i dopaminergičnih neurona ( Ding2010gle ) koji proizlazi smrt Parkinsonove bolesti . - Rhodiola rosea poništiti autoimune oštećenja mozga ( Zhu2016saa ). - Baikal kapica je pokazao značajne neuroprotektivne učinke u modelima moždane ishemije i moždanog udara ( Gaire2014sbs ). Aktivna tvar bajkalin štite od oštećenja kognitivnih funkcija kod dijabetesa ( Ma2015bad ) i pronašli su zaštitno djelovanje na neurone hipokampusa memorija centar ( Lim2016asb ). - Koptiš kineski ( Zhang2009btb ) i druge biljke TCM. Biljni ti učinci moraju nužno biti mnogo više nego što mogu spomenuti dokument u ovom kratkom odlomku. Osim toga, svake godine dodavanje novih izvješća o ovoj temi, tako da neće imati izbora nego da još jednom uputiti na najnovije informacije o primarnim izvorima. Imajte na umu, međutim, da mnogi neuroprotektivna sredstva dolaze iz područja začina (kurkuma, itd) ili redovne hrane (resveratrol, kvercetin). Dopustite mi dakle što sam zaključiti ovaj članak kako bi istaknuli knjigu „Spice i njegove ljekovite učinke” iz poznatog prof. Pavla Valíčka gdje su ljekovita svojstva začina dokumentiran sustavno.