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causes General: Bile reflux occurs when bile flows upward from the small intestine into the stomach. Bile reflux is caused by damage to the pyloric valve, which is a ring of muscle that separates the stomach from the duodenum (the upper section of the small intestine). The pyloric valve opens briefly to let partially digested food pass into the small intestine. It then closes to prevent the mixture from flowing backwards into the stomach. Bile reflux occurs when the pyloric valve fails to close properly, causing bile to flow back into the stomach, resulting in pain and inflammation. When bile reflux and acid reflux occur together, the mixture of bile and stomach acids flows backwards further into the esophagus (the tube that connects the throat to the stomach), causing heartburn and damage to the esophagus. In the absence of acid reflux, bile may flow back into the esophagus if there is too much pressure in the stomach. Acid reflux: Acid reflux is caused by the failure of a valve called the lower esophageal sphincter. This valve prevents stomach acids and partially digested food from the stomach from flowing back into the esophagus. Bile reflux often accompanies acid reflux. In this case, both the esophageal sphincter and the pyloric valve malfunction at the same time. This allows stomach acid and bile to flow back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and persistent inflammation that may lead to damage to the esophagus. Constipation: In rare instances, persistent constipation may cause bile reflux. Peptic ulcer: A peptic ulcer that obstructs the pyloric valve and prevents it from opening or closing properly may cause bile reflux. Proton pump inhibitors: Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are often used to treat acid reflux. It is controversial whether PPIs are a cause of bile reflux. Scar tissue: Scar tissue near the pyloric valve may prevent the valve from opening enough to allow partially digested food to flow from the stomach to the small intestine. In this case, pressure may build up in the stomach, pushing both acid and bile into the esophagus. Surgery: The pyloric valve may be damaged due to gallbladder removal surgery or gastric surgery, including gastrectomy (total removal of the stomach) and gastric bypass operations for weight loss. diagnosis General: Diagnosing bile reflux is often difficult, because bile reflux and acid reflux have similar signs and symptoms and may occur at the same time. Since acid reflux is more common, bile reflux is often overlooked or mistaken for acid reflux and improperly treated. Tests that may be used to differentiate bile reflux from acid reflux include an endoscopic examination of the esophagus and stomach to check for inflammation or ulceration, an acid test to check for acid in the esophagus (this would be negative if bile reflux is the only problem), and an esophageal impedance test to determine if gas or liquids reflux into the esophagus. Ambulatory acid tests: During an ambulatory acid test, an acid-measuring probe is placed in the esophagus to identify when, and for how long, stomach acid backs up into the esophagus. The BilitecTM ambulatory bile reflux monitor may be used. Ambulatory acid tests are negative in patients with bile reflux unless they also have acid reflux. Endoscopy: During an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera (called an endoscope) is inserted down the throat to look for ulcerations or inflammation in the stomach or esophagus. During this test, complications of bile reflux (i.e., peptic ulcers, signs of Barrett's esophagus, or esophageal cancer) may also be identified. Esophageal impedance: An esophageal impedance test uses a probe that is placed into the esophagus to measure whether gas or liquids back up into the esophagus. signs and symptoms General: Bile reflux and acid reflux have similar signs and symptoms, and the two conditions may occur at the same time. Unlike acid reflux, bile reflux often causes a burning or gnawing pain in the stomach. Cough or hoarseness: Some, but not all, patients with bile reflux experience a cough or hoarseness that is caused by stomach acid and/or bile rising up into the throat and burning the lining. Frequent heartburn: Heartburn is a burning sensation in the chest that may spread to the throat along with a sour taste in the mouth. In severe cases, it may be mistaken for a heart attack. Nausea and vomiting: Nausea is feeling the need to vomit. Some patients with bile reflux may vomit bile. Upper abdominal pain: Bile reflux often causes a burning or gnawing pain in the stomach. Weight loss: In some patients with bile reflux, unintended weight loss may occur. complications General: Bile reflux causes damage to the lining of the stomach (called gastritis), which may progress to stomach ulcers, bleeding, and stomach cancer. Bile reflux often occurs in patients that also have acid reflux. The combination of bile and acid reflux seems to be particularly harmful, increasing the risk of damage to the esophagus, including conditions such as Barrett's esophagus and esophageal cancer. Acid reflux: It is not uncommon for bile reflux and acid reflux to occur at the same time. In this case, both stomach acid and bile flow back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and persistent inflammation that damages the esophagus over time. Barrett's esophagus: Barrett's esophagus is caused by long-term exposure to stomach acid or a combination of acid and bile. Over time, there is a change in the color and composition of the cells that line the lower part of the esophagus. These changed cells are at a higher risk of developing into esophageal cancer. Esophageal cancer: Esophageal cancer is caused by tumor growth along the esophagus. Since it may not be diagnosed until it is in an advanced stage, esophageal cancer is nearly always fatal. There is some controversy over whether there is a link between bile and acid reflux and esophageal cancer. In animal studies, bile reflux alone has been shown to cause esophageal cancer. Esophageal narrowing: Repeated exposure to stomach acid, bile or both can cause scar tissue to form in the lower esophagus. This scarring may cause the esophagus to narrow, interfering with swallowing and increasing the risk of choking. Gastritis: When bile backs up into the stomach from the small intestine, the stomach becomes irritated and inflamed, a condition known as gastritis. Untreated gastritis may cause stomach ulcers, bleeding, and stomach cancer. risk factors Acid reflux: Bile reflux may occur at the same time as acid reflux. Acid reflux is also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Cholecystectomy (gall bladder removal): Patients who have undergone cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) are at a higher risk of developing bile reflux. Helicobacter pylori infection of the stomach: It has been reported that patients with esophageal bile reflux had a higher likelihood of also having Helicobacter pylori infection of the stomach than patients without bile reflux.
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Kad želučane kiseline koje su namijenjene za pomoć probavu protok u rikverc i ući u jednjak , to je poznato kao refluksa kiseline . Prema web stranici Mayo Clinic , kada kiselina refluks se događa često i ometa neke osobe dnevne aktivnosti , to stanje je poznato kao gastroezofagealni refluks bolest ili GERB . GERB obično se liječi od promjene načina života , kao što su gubitak težine , uklanjanju kofein i pržene hrane iz prehrane , izbjegavanje alkohola i nikotina , kao i over-the -counter antacidi . Teži slučajevi mogu zahtijevati korištenje lijekova na recept . Tek u najtežim slučajevima može operacije se preporuča . Bile refluks Bile ,probavni tekućina proizvedena od strane jetre , može također izazvati refluks , iako je prema studija od strane National Institutes of Health , to je rjeđi od refluksa kiseline . Simptomi žučni refluks slični refluksa kiseline , iako žučni refluks je vjerojatno da će uzrokovati mučnine i povraćanje . Također , žučni refluks može rasplamsati sluznice želuca , što uzrokuje gastritis , ali refluks kiseline ne mogu. Bile refluks, za razliku od refluksa kiseline , ne mogu se liječiti promjenom načina života . Bile refluks obično se liječi lijekovima na recept , ili u težim slučajevima , kirurgija . Razlikovanje između dva uvjeta reći razliku između žuč refluks i kiselina refluks može biti teško , kao što obično proizvode slične simptome , a mogu se pojaviti istovremeno . Jedini način da znam za neke je kroz medicinski testovi . Jedan postupak često koristi , u skladu s klinike Mayo , jetestiranje ambulantno kiseline . Ovaj test može otkriti kiselinu u jednjaku i biti negativna za osobe s žučni refluks . Iako testiranje jejedini način kako bi bili sigurni da li imate refluks kiseline , žuč refluks ili neku kombinaciju , i može dovesti do potencijalno ozbiljnih stanja , kao što su Gerd. Ako smatrate da imate bilo refluksa kiseline ili žuč refluks , te bi trebao tražiti savjet od svog liječnika . From:http://hr.265health.com/conditions-treatments/digestive-health/1016131213.html