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background Cushing's syndrome, or hypercortisolism, is a condition that is characterized by a fatty hump between the shoulders (buffalo hump), a rounded face (moon face) and pink or purple stretch marks on the skin. The condition is caused by long-term exposure to high levels of cortisol, a hormone that reduces inflammation (swelling) in the body. Cortisol, also referred to as hydrocortisone, is naturally produced by the adrenal glands in the body. The steroid hormone, which is an essential component of the body's endocrine system, regulates proper glucose metabolism, blood pressure and insulin release for blood sugar maintenance, and it is involved in the inflammatory response. Excessive cortisol levels may be caused by factors outside of the body (exogenous) or factors inside the body (endogenous). The syndrome is most often caused by high doses of cortisol-like medication (corticosteroids), which are often prescribed to treat chronic inflammation. Cushing's syndrome may also develop if the adrenal glands make too much cortisol, or if the pituitary gland releases too much adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol. When excessive secretions of ACTH cause the condition, it is called Cushing disease. Tumors, either cancerous or benign, cause these glands to produce too many hormones. Researchers estimate that about 13 million Americans are diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome each year. It is estimated that 10-15 out of one million people are diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome each year worldwide. Cushing's syndrome can be fatal if left untreated. Severe symptoms may include high blood pressure, bone loss, kidney stones, infections, and sometimes, diabetes. Treatment for Cushing's disease depends on the cause. If the condition is drug-induced, patients are often advised to reduce or discontinue use of the medication. Many conditions that are treated with corticosteroids can also be treated with non-corticosteroid drugs. This allows the patient to either reduce or eliminate the use of corticosteroids altogether. If a tumor is causing the condition, treatment may include surgery and/or radiation therapy. This treatment is typically performed after a diagnosis to prevent the tumor from growing and worsening the patient's condition. Most patients fully recover from the condition and experience complete remission of symptoms after treatment. However, in some instances, patients with Cushing's syndrome never experience a full recovery to normal adrenal gland function. In such cases, lifelong hormone replacement therapy is necessary to maintain normal levels of cortisol in the body. Related Terms Adenoma adrenal glands, adrenal tumor, adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH, benign tumor, buffalo hump, cancerous tumor, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation test, cortisol, cortisol-like drugs, corticosteroid, CRH, CRH stimulation test, Cushing disease, dexamethasone, dexamethasone suppression test, diabetes, drug-induced, ectopic ACTH syndrome, endogenous, exogenous, glucocorticoids, hormones, hydrocortisone, malignancy, malignant, moon face, moon face, non-cancerous tumor, oral corticosteroids, pituitary gland, radiosurgery, sex hormones, stereotactic radiosurgery, steroid, steroids, tumor.
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Cushingova bolest je izraz koji se koristi za opisivanje Cushingov sindrom , kada je uzrokovano sa jednim ili više tumora, koji se nalazi na hipofizi tekstu andenomas hipofize . Ovi tumori su obično nije kancerogen , ali oni mogu uzrokovati nadbubrežne žlijezde proizvoditi previše kortizola . Dugotrajna izloženost visokim razinama kortizola je ono što uzrokuje Cushingov sindrom . Povijest Prema National nadbubrežne bolesti Foundation , Cushing bolest je prvi put dijagnosticirana Dr. Harvey Cushing u 1932 . Cushing prvi je ukazao na znakove i simptome ovog poremećaja u pacijentice 1912 i nakon toga je u mogućnosti kako bi se utvrdilo da su ti simptomi proizašao iz hiperprodukcija kortizola uzrokovane abnormalnosti u hipofizi . U prošlosti , Cushing bolest operisan je uklanjanjem nadbubrežne žlijezde u potpunosti zaustaviti proizvodnju kortizola , ali ova metoda bi izazvati adrenalna insuficijencija , a ponekad uzrokovati velike tumore poznate kao Nelson sindrom da se razvije . identifikacije Simptomi Cushing bolest su tanke ruke i noge s nadutog trbuha , akni , depresije, dijabetesa , glavobolja, impotencije , debljanje , i prekomjerne dlake na licu u žena , među ostalim simptomima . Testovi prvo će morati biti učinjeno kako bi se utvrdilo postoji li previše kortizola u tijelu . To uključuje 24 - satni urina , ponoć plazma ispitivanja i noćnim slinovnice ispitivanja . Nakon Cushingov sindrom je dijagnoza , dodatna ispitivanja , kao što su CT i MRI će utvrditi je li hipofize andenomas suuzrok , što dovodi do dijagnoze Cushing bolest . Liječenje hipofiza kirurgija jepreporučeno liječenje kadauzrok previše kortizola u tijelu, utvrđeno je da se hipofize andenomas . Ova operacija ima stopu uspješnosti od 80 %, a akone uspije operacija , to se obično može ponoviti s jednako optimističnom uspjeh stopa . Kirurg koristi fine instrumente i poseban mikroskop za pristup hipofizu kroz nosnicu . Screenshot Screenshot Screenshot Outlook Screenshot Screenshot Cushing bolest može uzrokovati tešku bolest ili čak i smrt ako se ne liječi . U nekim slučajevima , tumori uklonjeni tijekom operacije može ponovno narasti i zahtijevaju dodatne operacije ili tretmane zračenja . Liječnici mogu propisati lijekove kao što su ketokonazol, mitotana, aminoglutetimid i metyrapone da pomažu u kontroli razine kortizola i izbjeći dodatne oštećenja tkiva . From:http://hr.265health.com/surgeries-operations/surgeries/1016063709.html