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A smart card is a flexible Plastic Card, usually made of PVC, that contains one or more embedded integrated circuits. The integrated circuit in a smart card is often referred as ICC, Smart Card Chip, Smart Chip Modules or Secure Microcontroller (Secure MCU) while the smart cards are often also referred as smartcards, chip cards, IC cards, ICC or CPU cards. The physical characteristic of a Smart Card are specified by the ISO/IEC 7816-1 (Identification cards – Integrated circuit cards – Part 1: Cards with contacts – Physical characteristics) while the locations and dimensions for the contacts are specified by the ISO/IEC 7816-2 (Identification cards – Integrated circuit cards – Part 2: Cards with contacts – Dimensions and location of the contacts). Contact smart cards does not normally contain any battery and the power necessary to operate is supplied by the Smart Card Reader that act as the communication medium between the smart card and the host (e.g. smartphone, computer, POS). Contact Smart Card Readers interface with the Smart Cards by means of up to eight contact PINs while Contactless Smart Card Readers do not require physical contact with the card. The contact pads on the card are gold-plated and two of them (RFU) are normally not used. While the position, minimum and maximum dimensions and location of the contact pad are standardized, the layout of the contact pad can be freely designed by the chip manufacturer or by the card vendors. The contact pads are connected to the chip by means of extremely thin bonding wires that are buried into the encapsulation resin. Cross section view of the structure and packaging of a smart card chip Smart cards can be classified according the type of chip implanted within the card and how the card interchange data with the Card Reader. The illustration below clarify the classification: MCU Cards / Microprocessor Cards Microprocessor Cards embeds a micromodule containing one or more silicon integrated circuit chips with memory and microprocessor. Microprocessor Cards have data processing capabilities and are conceptually equivalent to a computer with their own OS called Card Operating System (COS), a File System and applications. Multiple applications can be loaded on a MCU Card. Memory Cards The chip of a Memory Card hold and store data into EEPROM or Flash Memory but there no processor and therefore there is no processing capabilities. Memory Cards are a secure and popular alternative to magnetic stripe cards. Display Cards Display Cards are smart cards that in addition to the standard chip embeds at least a battery, an additional chip and a LCD display that is used to display secret keys or One Time Passwords. Contactless Smart Cards A contactless smart card embeds integrated circuits and at least an antenna that communicate with the terminal via radio waves. Hybrid Cards An hybrid card is a type of smartcard that embeds two chips, one that communication via the contact interface and a second one that is used to communicate via the contactless interface. Hybrid Cards are sometime called Twin Cards. Altough still on the market their use is in steady decline. Dual Interface Smart Cards A Dual Interface Smart Card, also known as Combi Card) is a type of smartcard that embed a single chip able to manage both the contact and the contactless interface. Exploded view of a dual interface smartcard. Multi Component Cards Multi Component Cards are smart cards that in addition to the standard chip embeds one or more electronic components, e.g. battery, LCD display, fingerprint sensor.
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Pametna kartica je fleksibilna plastična kartica, obično izrađena od PVC-a, koja sadrži jedan ili više ugrađenih integriranih sklopova. Integrirani krug u pametnoj kartici često se naziva ICC, Smart Card Chip, Smart Chip Moduli ili Secure Microcontroller (Secure MCU), dok se pametne kartice često nazivaju i pametne kartice, čip kartice, IC kartice, ICC ili CPU kartice. Fizička svojstva Smart kartice određena su ISO / IEC 7816-1 (Identifikacijske kartice - Integrirane kartice - 1. dio: Kartice s kontaktima - Fizičke značajke), dok su mjesta i dimenzije za kontakte određene ISO / IEC 7816-2 (Identifikacijske kartice - Integrirane kartice - Dio 2: Kartice s kontaktima - Dimenzije i položaj kontakata). Kontaktne pametne kartice obično ne sadrže bateriju, a snaga potrebna za rad osigurava Smart Card Reader koji služi kao komunikacijski medij između pametne kartice i računala (npr. Smartphone, računalo, POS). Kontaktirati sučelje čitača Smart kartica s Smart karticama pomoću do 8 kontaktnih PIN-a, dok čitatelji s beskontaktnim smart karticama ne zahtijevaju fizički kontakt s karticom. Kontaktni jastučići na kartici su zlatni, a dva od njih (RFU) obično se ne koriste. Dok se položaj, minimalna i maksimalna dimenzija i mjesto kontaktne ploče standardiziraju, izgled kontakta može biti slobodno dizajniran od strane proizvođača čipova ili dobavljača kartica. Kontaktni jastučići su spojeni na čip pomoću vrlo tankih žica za spajanje koje su zakopane u smolu za inkapsulaciju. Prikaz presjeka strukture i pakiranja čipova smart kartice Pametne kartice mogu se klasificirati prema vrsti čipa ugrađene u karticu i na način na koji se podaci kartice razmjenjuju s čitačem kartica. Ilustracija ispod objašnjava klasifikaciju: MCU kartice / mikroprocesorske kartice Mikroprocesorske kartice ugrađuju mikromodul koji sadrži jedan ili više chipova integriranog silicija s memorijom i mikroprocesorom. Mikroprocesorske kartice imaju sposobnosti obrade podataka i konceptualno su ekvivalentne računalu s vlastitim OS operativnim sustavom (COS), datotečnim sustavom i aplikacijama. Na MCU karticu možete učitati više aplikacija. Memorijske kartice Čip memorijske kartice drži i pohranjuje podatke u EEPROM ili Flash memoriju, ali nema procesora pa stoga nema mogućnosti obrade. Memorijske kartice su sigurna i popularna alternativa karticama magnetskih traka. Prikazne kartice Prikazne kartice su pametne kartice koje osim standardnog čipa ugrađuju barem jednu bateriju, dodatni čip i LCD zaslon koji se koristi za prikazivanje tajnih ključeva ili Jednokratnih zaporki. Kontaktne Smart kartice Beskontaktna pametna kartica ugrađuje integrirane krugove i najmanje antenu koja komunicira s terminalom preko radio valova. Hibridne kartice Hibridna kartica je vrsta inteligentne kartice koja ugrađuje dva čipa, a to je komunikacija preko kontaktnog sučelja i druga koja se koristi za komunikaciju putem beskontaktnog sučelja. Hibridne kartice nekada se nazivaju Twin Cards. Iako još uvijek na tržištu, njihova uporaba je u stalnom padu. Dual Interface Smart Cards Smart kartica Dual Interface (također poznata kao Combi Card) je vrsta inteligentne kartice koja ugrađuje jedan čip koji može upravljati i kontaktom i beskontaktnim sučeljem. Eksplodirani pogled na inteligentnu karticu s dvostrukim sučeljem. Više komponenti kartica Multikomponentne kartice su pametne kartice koje osim standardnog čipa ugrađuju jednu ili više elektroničkih komponenti, npr. Baterija, LCD zaslon, senzor otiska prsta.