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background Vitamin B3 is made up of niacin and niacinamide, and can be found in many foods, including yeast, meat, fish, milk, eggs, green vegetables, and cereal grains. Vitamin B3 is often found in combination with other B vitamins, including thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, cyanocobalamin, and folic acid. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved niacin for use in treating vitamin B3 deficiency (pellagra), which includes symptoms of skin inflammation, dementia, and diarrhea. Human research has shown that niacin is effective and relatively safe for treating high cholesterol levels. Limited evidence shows that niacin may help with clogged arteries and heart disease. Side effects commonly related to higher doses of niacin are itching, flushing, and stomach upset. Niacin may also cause liver problems, increased blood sugar, and hormone changes. Related Terms 2-pyridone, 3-pyridine carboxamide, acipimox (5-methylpyrazinecarboxylic acid 4-oxide), acipomox, Acipimox®, anti-blacktongue factor, antipellagra factor, B vitamin, B-complex vitamin, benicot, B-vitamin, chromium polynicotinate (niacin-bound chromium), coenzyme beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)), crystalline niacin, dihydropyridines, Efacin®, Endur-Acin® (sustained release niacin (nicotinic acid)), Enduramide®, ER niacin, esters of niacin, extended-release (ER) niacin, extended-release (ER) niacin monotherapy, extended-release (ER) niacin therapy, Hexopal®, immediate-release (crystalline) niacin, immediate-release niacin, inositol hexaniacinate, inositol hexanicotinate, inositol nicotinate, kynurenine (KYN), low-dose sustained-release nicotinic acid (Tri-B3), meso-inositol hexanicotinate, methyl niacinamide, Nature's Bounty® Flush Free Niacin Inositol Hexanicotinate 500mg Dietary Supplement, NIAC®, niacin, niacin (nicotinic acid), niacin equivalents, niacin ER, niacinamide, niacinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), niacinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), niacin/colestipol therapy, Niacor®, Niaspan® (prolonged-release nicotinic acid), Niaspan® (sustained-release nicotinic acid), Nicalex®, nicamid, Nicamin®, Nicangin®, Niceritrol, Nico-400®, Nicobid® (sustained-released niacin), Nicobid® (time-release niacin), Nicolar® (unmodified niacin), nicosedine, Nico-Span®, nicotinamide, nicotinamide (niacinamide), Nicotinamide cures, nicotinate, Nicotinex®, nicotinic acid, nicotinic acid adenine, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), nicotinic acid amide, nicotinic acid analog (low plasma free fatty acid trial, LFA), nicotinic acid analogue, nicotinic amide, nicotinuric acid, nicotylamidum, nutrient supplements, Papulex®, pellagra preventing factor, pentaerythritoltetranicotinate, perycit, prolonged-release (PR) nicotinic acid (niacine)[Niaspan®], pyridine-3-carboxylic acid, Slo-Niacin® (sustained-release niacin), sustained-release nicotinic acid (Nico-Span®), Tega-Span®, Tri-B3®, trigonelline, tryptophan, vitamin B-3, vitamin B3, vitamin B3 (nicotinamide), vitamin B3 derivative, vitamin-B complex (vit-B), Wampocap®, wax-matrix sustained release niacin, wax-matrix sustained-release niacin (Endur-Acin®). Combination product examples: ADVICOR® (niacin extended-release/lovastatin tablets), CordaptiveTM (niacin/laropiprant). evidence table These uses have been tested in humans or animals. Safety and effectiveness have not always been proven. Some of these conditions are potentially serious, and should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider. High cholesterol (Grade: A) Niacin is a well-accepted treatment for high cholesterol. Multiple studies show that niacin (not niacinamide) has benefits on levels of high-density cholesterol (HDL or "good cholesterol"), with better results than drugs such as "statins" like atorvastatin (Lipitor®). There are also benefits on levels of low-density cholesterol (LDL or "bad cholesterol"), although these effects are less dramatic. Adding niacin to a second drug such as a statin may increase the effects on low-density lipoproteins. The use of niacin for the treatment of high cholesterol associated with type 2 diabetes has been controversial because of the possibility of worsening blood sugar control. People should check with a physician and pharmacist before starting niacin. Pellagra (Grade: A) Niacin (vitamin B3) and niacinamide are U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for the treatment of pellagra, or niacin deficiency. Pellagra is a nutritional disease that occurs due to insufficient dietary amounts of vitamin B3 or the chemical it is made from (tryptophan). Symptoms of pellagra include skin disease, diarrhea, dementia, and depression. Clogged arteries (Grade: B) Niacin decreases blood levels of cholesterol, which may reduce the risk of clogged or hardened arteries. However, niacin also can increase homocysteine levels, which may have the opposite effect. Overall, the research supports the use of niacin in combination with other drugs to reduce the risk of clogged arteries. More research is needed in this area before a firm conclusion can be drawn. Heart disease (Grade: B) Niacin decreases levels of cholesterol, and other chemicals in the blood, which can reduce the risk of heart disease. However, niacin also increases homocysteine levels, which can increase this risk. Research has shown beneficial effects of niacin, especially in combination with other drugs, for preventing heart disease and fatal heart attacks. Further study is needed to draw conclusions. Age-related macular disease (eye disease) (Grade: C) Early evidence suggests that niacin may have beneficial effects in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a disease that often leads to vision loss. More well-designed studies are needed for conclusions to be reached. Alzheimer's disease (mental decline) (Grade: C) Dementia can be caused by a severe lack of niacin in the body. Early evidence suggests that taking more niacin in the diet may slow the onset of Alzheimer's disease and mental decline. Further research is needed before a conclusion can be drawn. Erectile dysfunction (Grade: C) Early research suggests that niacin has a beneficial effect on erectile dysfunction. However, further well-controlled studies are needed to draw conclusions. Headaches (Grade: C) Early research shows that niacin may be beneficial in the treatment or prevention of headaches. More research is needed. Hepatitis C (Grade: C) Early research suggests that niacin may decrease blood levels of hepatitis C, a virus that damages the liver. Notably, niacin has been also associated with liver damage. Further research is necessary for a conclusion to be made. High blood phosphorous level (Grade: C) Early evidence shows that niacinamide had reduced high phosphate levels in the blood. However, more research is needed before a firm conclusion can be made. Osteoarthritis (niacinamide) (Grade: C) Early research suggests that niacinamide may be useful in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Further research is needed before a conclusion can be made. Skin conditions (Grade: C) Niacinamide has been used in skin care products, including moisturizers, anti-aging products, and treatments for rosacea, a skin condition involving facial redness and pimples. The benefits of niacinamide in skin care needs to be further studied before conclusions can be made. Type 1 diabetes (slowing progression) (Grade: C) Non-human research shows that niacinamide delays the onset of insulin dependence in type 1 diabetes. However, human research assessing whether niacinamide slows progression of type 1 diabetes has yielded unclear results. Further study is needed for conclusions to be reached. Type 2 diabetes (Grade: C) Limited research shows unclear effects of niacin on outcomes of type 2 diabetes. Human research has also shown that niacin increases blood sugar levels. People should seek medical advice before starting niacin. Further research is needed to draw conclusions. Type 1 diabetes mellitus prevention (niacinamide) (Grade: D) In human research, niacinamide lacked an effect on the development of diabetes (type 1). Evidence is mixed and more study is needed in this area.
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Vitamin B3 je neophodan za metabolizam ugljikohidrata , masti i masti u tijelu te je potreban za proizvodnju energije . Nedostatak vitamina B3 može izazvati bolest zove Pelagra , koji naglašava značaj vitamina B3 u različitim tkivima i organima . Pelagra uključuje trijadu simptoma - proljev, dermatitis ( upala kože i lezije u svjetlo - izložena područja ) i demenciju ( psihičkih poremećaja , uključujući gubitak pamćenja i emocionalnih poremećaja ) . Ako se ne liječi dopunske vitamina B3 , ozbiljni slučajevi pelagra može biti kobno vrste U osnovi postoje dva oblika vitamina B3 - . Niacin ( ili nikotinske kiseline ) i nijacinamid ( ili nikotinamid ) . Niacin jejedini oblik vitamina B3 koja je pokazala da se smanji "lošeg" kolesterola i triglicerida i povećati "dobar" kolesterol . Niacin može pomoći u smanjenju rizika od srčanih bolesti . Niacinamide ne pokazuju takve učinke na kardiovaskularni sustav , ali ne pruža iste pogodnosti za proizvodnju energije i metabolizam i može biti koristan u liječenju depresije i anksioznosti . Prevencija /Solution Vitamin B3 često naći u dodacima prehrani , zajedno s ostalim vitaminima B skupine . Budući da stres , loša prehrana , pa čak i vježbe može brzo iscrpiti razine vitamina B u organizmu , uzeti dodatak B - kompleks dnevno . Provjerite je lidodatak uzimate nudi najmanje 15 mg vitamina B3 u niacinamide ( ili nikotinamidom ) obrasca kako bi se izbjeglo kože crvenilo i negativne učinke povezane s niacin obliku . Ako ste u potrazi za kardiovaskularne prednosti niacin obliku vitamina B3 , razgovarajte sa svojim liječnikom o dozi koja je prikladna za vas . Razmatranja Vitamin B3 uzeti u ( niacin ili nikotinska kiselina ) oblik može uzrokovati ispiranje ili crvenilo kože . Ovaj " niacin rumenilo" može biti vrlo ugledni , ali to je samo privremeno i da će nestati kada se smanjujedoza niacina . Nažalost , niacin ( ili nikotinske kiseline ) jejedini oblik vitamina B3 koji mogu smanjiti rizik od srčanih bolesti . Upozorenje Dugotrajna primjena velikih doza od niacin oblika vitamina B3 može izazvati ozbiljne sporedne učinke , uključujući oštećenja jetre . Niacin se također može povećati razinu šećera u krvi . Ako živite s ili imaju povećan rizik od razvoja dijabetesa , posavjetujte se sa svojim liječnikom prije nego što ovaj oblik B3 . Vi nikada ne bi trebao uzeti bilo koji oblik vitamina B3 u visokim dozama ( više od 25 mg dnevno niacina ili više od 50 mg dnevno niacinamide ) za dugo vremena , osim ako se pod liječničkim supervision.Vitamin B3 također mogu komunicirati s različitim lijekova na recept , uključujući statinima lijekova za smanjenje kolesterola , aspirin i zgrušavanja krvi . Razgovarajte sa svojim liječnikom prije početka bilo kakve nove dodatke prehrani ako uzimate bilo kakve lijekove na recept ili ako se prate na svakom zdravstvenom stanju . From:http://hr.265health.com/diet-nutrition/vitamins/1016105143.html