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How does lupus affect the gastrointestinal system? Lupus is an autoimmune disease that can affect almost any part of the body, most often the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, blood, or brain. Lupus can also affect the gastrointestinal (GI) system. The GI system is your body’s pathway for taking in, processing, and disposing of everything you eat and drink. Everything you swallow goes from your mouth to your throat, through your stomach to your intestines, and then to your colon, ending at your urinary tract or rectum. Muscle contractions control swallowing and bowel movement. People with lupus may experience problems in any area of the GI system, including the surrounding organs such as the liver, pancreas, bile ducts, and gallbladder. Not all of these problems will be directly related to lupus disease activity; some may be traced to side effects of medication you take or other diseases that may be present. Esophageal Disorders in Lupus The esophagus is the muscle that joins your throat to your stomach. When lupus causes inflammation in the esophagus, stomach acid can back up into your esophagus. Almost everyone experiences this backward flow of acid, called reflux, from time to time as either gas or the burning sensation of heartburn. However, persistent reflux is known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The most common causes of GERD are hiatal hernia caused by a weak sphincter (the muscle between your esophagus and your stomach), or by weak muscle contractions in your esophagus. In addition to reflux, esophageal problems may also cause difficulty swallowing, a condition called dysphagia. Digestive Difficulties Digestive problems are common in lupus. The symptoms you may experience include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation. Drugs you take for lupus such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids are often the cause. Though sometimes, these symptoms occur because your muscles are not properly moving waste through your intestines. This group of symptoms is known as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which may be the result of irregularities in your nervous system. Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease Ulcerative colitis (which causes ulcers in the lining of the rectum and colon) and Crohn’s disease (which causes inflammation of the digestive system) are two forms of inflammatory bowel disease that affect the colon. Bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain are common symptoms in both but there are differences that will help your doctor distinguish between the two. People with lupus will sometimes develop ulcerative colitis, but only rarely will a person have both lupus and Crohn’s disease. Peritonitis and Ascites The peritoneum is a thin lining on the inside of your abdomen. Inflammation of this lining can cause a condition called peritonitis. Most cases of peritonitis are due to an infection. However, inflammation caused by lupus can also cause a build-up of fluids in the abdominal cavity called ascites (pronounced ah-SAHY-teez). The symptoms you may experience can include severe abdominal pain, tenderness when your belly is touched, nausea and vomiting, fever, and/or lack of bowel movements. Infection, pancreatitis, liver disease, cancer, and other conditions can also cause ascites so your doctor may want to examine a sample of the fluid to determine its cause and begin the proper treatment. Pancreatitis Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) can be caused by lupus, but also can be caused by vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessels) or by certain medications you may be taking for lupus, including corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and diuretics. It is very important that your physician diagnoses your pancreatitis accurately because pancreatic vasculitis is treated with corticosteroids while steroid-induced pancreatitis is treated by withdrawing the steroid medication. A physician with experience in this area should treat and closely monitor your condition. Liver Complications Your liver is the largest organ inside your body. It is also one of the most important. The liver has many jobs, including changing food into energy and cleaning alcohol and poisons from the blood. Your liver also makes bile, a yellowish-green liquid that helps with digestion. When lupus causes inflammation in the liver, a condition called hepatic vasculitis can occur. This can cause blood clots in the vessels that supply the liver with blood. The liver may become enlarged due to ascites or congestive heart failure. People with lupus also may develop jaundice, a liver condition that gives a yellowish color to the skin. Jaundice in lupus also can be a sign of anemia or pancreatitis. If your liver enzyme levels are increased, this may be due to NSAIDs or acetaminophen, or may be a sign of lupus activity. Autoimmune hepatitis is a disease in which the immune system attacks the liver, causing the liver to become inflamed. Autoimmune hepatitis is classified as either type 1 or 2. Type 1 is the most common form in North America. It occurs at any age and is more common among women than men. About half of those with type 1 have other autoimmune disorders, such as type 1 diabetes, proliferative glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus, thyroiditis, Graves' disease, Sjögren's syndrome, autoimmune anemia, or ulcerative colitis. Type 2 autoimmune hepatitis is less common, typically affecting girls ages 2 to 14, although it can also affect adults.. Fatigue is probably the most common symptom of autoimmune hepatitis. Other symptoms include an enlarged liver, jaundice, itching and skin rashes, joint pain, abdominal discomfort, abnormal blood vessels on the skin (spider angiomas), nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, dark urine, and pale or gray-colored stools. Because severe viral hepatitis or hepatitis caused by a drug -- for example, certain antibiotics -- have the same symptoms as autoimmune hepatitis, tests may be needed for an exact diagnosis. Your doctor should also review and rule out drugs you are taking before diagnosing autoimmune hepatitis. Physicians treat both types of autoimmune hepatitis with daily doses of a corticosteroid (such as prednisone). They also use azathioprine (Imuran®). Peptic Ulcers If you take NSAIDs as a lupus treatment, you increase the risk of stomach damage. This tissue damage could cause bleeding ulcers to develop either in your stomach lining or your duodenum (where your stomach, bile duct, and pancreatic duct meet your small intestine). The Helicobacter pylori bacterium, which may be more common in people with lupus due to their generally higher risk for infection, can also cause ulcers. Medications that help prevent ulcers from developing include Prevacid®, Prilosec®, and Cytotec®. Medications that help relieve upset stomach associated with NSAID use include Zantac. Medically reviewed on July 12, 2013Submit a Question to the Experts
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znati znakove upozorenja . Simptomi uključuju umor, žuticu , osip, bol u zglobovima, bol u trbuhu, abnormalne krvne žile na koži , mučnina , povraćanje, gubitak apetita, tamna mokraća i blijede ili sive boje stolice . U težim slučajevima , simptomi mogu uključivati tekućine u trbuhu , mentalnu konfuziju , a žene uopće nemaju razdoblja . Potražite prisutnosti nekih drugih uvjeta , što može bitipokazatelj . Medicinski stručnjaci kažu da je otprilike polovica svih ljudi koji imaju autoimuni hepatitis imati jednu ili više od sljedećeg : tip 1 dijabetes , problemi s bubrezima ,upale štitnjače , Gravesova bolest , suhe oči i usta, a čir uzrokovane upalom debelog crijeva i rektuma . Budite sigurni da bi se isključila lijekove kao uzrok simptoma . Određeni lijekovi , kao što su paracetamol ( ako se koristi prečesto ) može izazvati zatajenje jetre mnogo na isti način na koji to čini hepatitisa . Također , neki lijekovi mogu izazvati imunološki sustav napada jetru , čime ga se da imate autoimuni hepatitis . From:http://hr.265health.com/conditions-treatments/hepatitis/1016040067.html