http___hr.adaptogens.com_c-1041.aspx_1.xml
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ginsenoside 20 ( S ) -Rg3 It is a damaran, protopanaxadiol panaxoside, which is produced for the most part during processing (steaming) of ginseng on red ginseng : R 1 = -Glc 2-1 Glc R2 = H - Gssd. 20 (S) Rg3 is mostly formed in the stomach by hydrolysis of gssd. Rb 1 . ( Christensen2009gcb ) - Gssd. Rg 3 is the major panaxoside responsible for the endothelium-dependent relaxation of the vessels (in vitro rat rings in vitro, according to Kim1999grm ). This effect is at gssd. Rg 3 is about 100 times greater than the gssd effect . Rg 1 , its mechanism is probably activation of K + channels of endothelium. - Gssd. Rg 3 causes relaxation of the aortic rat rings caused by phenylephrine by increasing NO production. ( Kim2003gri ) - Gssd. 20 ( S ) Rg 3 , but not its 20 ( R ) epimer , causes a strong, endothelium-independent relaxation of the porcine coronary artery strips previously contracted with 25mM KCl. The reason is probably the different effects of epimers on K + channels. ( Kim2006seg ) - Both epimers gssd. Rg 3 mediate the relaxation of intact endothelial pig coronary artery strips after previous contraction caused by 3 uM serotonin. ( Kim2006seg ) - In stressed mice, cortisol is reduced in plasma. ( Kim2003iii ) - Prevents increased levels of the stress indicator of putrescine in the CNS under immobilization stress. ( Lee2006aeg ) - In experiments on ionotropic receptors expressed in claw oocytes, the inhibitory effect of gssd was measured. 20 (S) -Rg3 to the P / Q type of Ca2 + channels, Kv 1.4 K + channel and Na + channel IIA rat brain, whose IC 50 in uM were in the order of 30.1 ± 2.6; 58.6 ± 3.3 and 29.2 ± 8.5 with Hill coefficients in a row of 1.9; 1.8 and 1, indicating that the Na + channels examined block 1 gssd molecule. Rg 3 , while Ca 2+ and K + channels require two to block the molecule. R epimer on the studied Na + , K + and Ca 2+ channels does not work. Both epimers approximately equally inhibit the HT3A and a3B4 nACh receptors with IC50 in uM in series 47.1 ± 20.5 and 82.1 ± 9.1 and Hill coefficients ≈1 ( Jeong2004sgr ) - It reduced expression of cytokines in the activated microglia, inhibited the binding of NF-kB transcription factor to DNA binding sites and improved nerve cell survival. It further blocked the expression of NOS2 (iNOS) and increased the expression of MSRA ( macrophage scavenger receptor type A ). ( Joo2008pin ) - It acts inhibitory (70% inhibition at 10uM gssd, Rg 3 ) on the NMDA receptors in the hippocampus via a glycine binding site. ( Kim2004gra ) - It acts inhibitory on adipocyte proliferation ( Han2006g2p ). - In vitro model of arthritis protected chondrocytes from destruction. - Gssd. 20 ( S ) Rg 3 , but not its 20 ( R ) epimer acts against the AGS cells of the stomach cancer . ( Park2014sae )
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ginsenosid Rh 2 To damaranový, protopanaxadiolový panaxosid: R1 = -Glc R2 = H - Gssd. Rh2 nastaje u velikom dijelu od učinka crijevnih mikroba gssd. 20. (S) 3 Rg , koji je pak uglavnom odvija u želudac, hidrolizom uzetog gssd Rb 1 ( christensen2009gcb ). - Gssd. Rh 2 obnavlja staničnu imunost i aktivnost NK stanica nakon oštećenja mitomicin (korejskog istraživanja spomenute u izvješću Choi2008bcp ). - Prema Park1996gri su gssd. Rh2 i Rh 1 sposobnost smanjiti proizvodnju NO u makrofagima stimuliranih s lipopolisaharidima (miš, makrofagi iz trbušne šupljine). Gssd. Rh-2 dodatak također se smanjuje produkciju NO na istim makrofagima nakon stimulacije s interferonom-y. - Prema Park2003aag je gssd. Rh-2 djelovanje protiv alergija - izlijevanje inhibirana B-heksosaminidazu stimulirane mastocite (štakora leukemije RBL-2H3 soj) bolje od standardnih kromoglikata lijeka, ali ne inhibiraju aktivaciju hijalourinidazom, a nije imao učinka na kisikovih radikala. - Gssd. Rh-2 blokiralo vezanje transkripcijskog faktora AP-1 DNA u miševa mikroglija aktiviranim lipopolisaharida i interferona-y. Rh-2 blokira ekspresiju NOS2 i produkciju NO s IC50 = 17uM i ekspresija TNF-a i IL-1. Rh-2 također povećana ekspresija upale kočenje IL-10 i olakšati transkripcijski faktor CREB vezanja na DNA. Na obvezujući faktor transkripcije NF-kB nije utjecao vlažnosti 2. Gssd. Rg 3 je imao učinak sličan Rh 2, ali znatno slabije. ( Bae2006grr ) - Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibira NMDA receptora u hipokampusu. ( Lee2006srn )