http___hr.besen-group.com_info_chademo-standard-27428112.html_1.xml
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CHAdeMO is the trade name of a quick charging method for battery electric vehicles delivering up to 62.5 kW of direct current (500 V, 125 A[1]) via a special electrical connector. It is proposed as a global industry standard by an association of the same name[2] and included in IEC 62196 as type 4. A competing standard, Combined Charging System, has support from more major auto manufacturers.[3] CHAdeMO is an abbreviation of "CHArge de MOve", equivalent to "move using charge" or "move by charge". The name is also a pun drawn from O cha demo ikaga desuka in Japanese,[2] translating to English as "How about some tea?", referring to the time it would take to charge a car.[4] CHAdeMO can charge low-range (120 km / 75miles) electric cars in less than half an hour. CHAdeMO Association CHAdeMO was formed by The Tokyo Electric Power Company, Nissan, Mitsubishi and Fuji Heavy Industries (the manufacturer of Subaru vehicles). Toyota later joined as its fifth executive member.[5][6] Three of these companies have developed electric vehicles that use TEPCO's DC connector for quick charging. DC fast charging Most electric vehicles (EVs) have an on-board charger that uses a rectifier circuit to transform alternating current from the electrical grid (mains AC) to direct current (DC) suitable for recharging the EV's battery pack. Cost and thermal issues limit how much power the rectifier can handle, so beyond around 240 V AC and 75 A it is better for an external charging station to deliver direct current (DC) to the vehicle's battery pack. Given these limits, most conventional charging solutions are based on either 240V/30A service in the USA and Japan, 240 V, 70 A service in Canada or the 230 V, 15 A or 3Φ, 400 V, 32 A service in Europe and Australia. (While AC charging systems have been specified with higher limits - SAE J1772-2009 has an option for 240 V, 80 A and VDE-AR-E 2623-2-2 has 3Φ, 400 V, 63 A - these charging station types have been rarely deployed in the US and only electric vehicles made by Tesla have a matching rectifier.) For faster charging, dedicated chargers can be built in permanent locations and provided with high-amperage connections to the grid. In this style of connection, the charger's DC output has no effective limit, theoretical or practical. Such high voltage and high-current charging is called a DC Fast Charge (DCFC) or DC Quick Charging (DCQC). TEPCO has developed patented technology and a specification for high-voltage (up to 500 V DC) high-current (125 A) automotive fast charging via a JARI (Japan Automobile Research Institute) DC fast charge connector.[7] It appears this is the basis for the CHAdeMO protocol.[8] The connector is specified by the JEVS (Japan Electric Vehicle Standard) G105-1993 from the JARI.[9] In addition to carrying power the connector also makes a data connection using the CAN bus protocol.[10] This performs functions such as a safety interlock to avoid energizing the connector before it's safe (similar to SAE J1772), transmitting battery parameters to the charging station including when to stop charging (top battery percentage, usually 80%), target voltage, and total battery capacity, and while charging how the station should vary its output current.[11] Vehicle charging The CHAdeMO quick charge option was promoted by Nissan-Renault and it has found acceptance with Japanese car manufacturers to allow their electric cars to benefit from the CHAdeMO charger network in Japan. Models supporting CHAdeMO charging include: Citroën C-ZERO Citroën Berlingo EV Honda Fit EV Kia Soul EV Mazda Demio EV Mitsubishi i MiEV Mitsubishi Minicab MiEV Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV Nissan LEAF Nissan e-NV200 Peugeot iOn Peugeot Partner EV Subaru Stella EV Tesla Model S (via Tesla CHAdeMO adapter accessory)[12] Tesla Model X (via Tesla CHAdeMO adapter accessory) Toyota eQ Toyota RAV4 EV First Generation 2001-2003 (with after-market add-on) Toyota RAV4 EV Second Generation 2012-2014 (with after-market add-on) Zero Motorcycles (via optional inlet) After the creation of the IEC 62196-3 offboard charger standard, Nissan accepted proposals to have DC charging stations equipped with both Chademo and Combo outlets.[13] Quick Charge Power of San Diego plans to offer Chademo retrofits for the second generation Toyota RAV4 EV and the Mercedes B-Class starting in 2015.[14] Deployment CHAdeMO-type fast charging stations have been installed in great numbers by the utility TEPCO in Japan, which required the creation of an additional power distribution network to supply these stations.[15] As of April 20, 2016, the CHAdeMO Association web site states that there are 11,291 CHAdeMO chargers installed. These include 6,469 in Japan, 3,028 in Europe, 1,686 in the USA, and 108 elsewhere.[16] West Coast Electric Highway The West Coast Electric Highway[23] (WCEH) is an extensive network of electric vehicle (EV) DC fast charging stations located every 25 to 50 miles along Interstate 5 and other major roadways in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The build out of the WCEH began in 2010 with the deployment of CHAdeMO and Level 2 charging stations. There are is now a network with thousands of Level 2 charging pedestals and dozens of DC fast chargers including both Combined Charging System and CHAdeMO. Compatible charging stations In the USA, Aker Wade Power Technologies has entered into a licensing agreement with TEPCO to manufacture and market DC fast chargers for electric vehicles.[7] Eaton Corporation has demonstrated a CHAdeMO-compatible DC Quick Charger[24] recharging Mitsubishi iMiEV cars.[25] ECOtality has deployed the Blink DC Fast Charger, which is outfitted with two CHAdeMO-compliant electric vehicle charging connectors, in the Blink Network.[26] AeroVironment offers a broad line of DC fast chargers including two CHAdeMO certified Quick Charger models. Princeton Power Systems' UL-certified (2202 and 1741) bi-directional CHADEMO charger fast-charger is capable of charging and discharging from the Nissan LEAF, for both grid-tied and backup-power modes. The fast-chargers are available in 10 kW, 15 kW, and 30 kW sizes. Fuji Electric Corporation of America announced a 25 kW CHAdeMO quick charger[27] integrated with Coulomb Technologies’ ChargePoint® Network.[28] ABB manufactures 50 kW and 20 kW CHAdeMO models with UL certification for the Americas markets. Recently Andromeda Power introduced the first and only mobile DC CHAdeMO 50 kW charger .[29] In Europe, Evtronic,[30] Schneider-Electric, SGTE Power,[31] CIRCONTROL (Spanish manufacturer), ABB, formerly Epyon,[32]GH EverDrive and Efacec that was the first European company to get CHAdeMO certification, make fast chargers equipped with the latest CHAdeMO communication protocol. Nissan has developed a Quick EV Charger that follows the CHAdeMO protocol for 1,470,000 to 1,732,500 Yen (approx. US$16,000–19,000 as of May 2010) and intends to install them at 200 dealers in Japan.[9] Polar Power Inc. also has developed Mobile Rapid Battery Charging Generators (8340P-40422) for Electric Car Applications; multiple variations of the CHAdeMo Protocol can be stored in the Polar Charger at the same time and automatically implemented when the charge is plugged into that vehicle model. These DC Rapid Chargers are set up to communicate with CHAdeMo and can be programmed to operate with other battery / automotive systems.[33] The state of California will be installing 200 public fast-charging stations that support both CHAdeMO and the SAE fast-charge system through a settlement with NRG Energy.[34][35] Other type IEC 62196 standards SAE J1772 offers a standard for Level 1 (120V) and Level 2 (240V) EV charging. The 2009 version defined a connector for 120 V/240 VAC charging up to 19.2 kW.[36] In October 2012, SAE revised the specification to add a Combo Coupler variant of the J1772 connector with additional pins to accommodate fast DC charging at 200–450 V DC up to 90 kW.[37] The Nissan Leaf has receptacles for both the TEPCO and SAE J1772-2009 connectors, though in the United States the TEPCO plug is only included as a factory option on the higher-end SL model. It is also available as a $700 factory added feature on the S and SV models.[38] German companies have proposed the VDE-AR-E 2623-2-2 standard as an implementation of IEC 62196[39] in IEC proposal 62196-2-X.[40] It uses the round seven-pin Mennekes connector to deliver up to 63 A three-phase (at 400 V in Central Europe). This connector has been chosen by several European automakers for prototype electric vehicles.[41] It will also be extended with DC wires into a Combo Coupler variant. Both these national standards have been added to the international IEC 62196-2 standard as "Type 1" and "Type 2" respectively. IEC 62196-2 also documents the connector type proposed by the EV Plug Alliance as "Type 3". Following up to Part 2 of IEC 62196 there has been approved new work on a Part 3[42] of the standard covering DC charging with the specification expected to be final by December 2013.[43] This international IEC connector for DC charging will either extend or replace the national CHAdeMO standard. On occasion of the second EV World Summit in June 2013 both a Chademo and a Volkswagen-group spokesperson have pointed out that a concurrency between Chademo and Combined Charging System is not required as the additional cost of a dual-protocol rapid charge station is a mere 5% - thus multi-standard DC chargers are being advocated by Chademo, Volkswagen and Nissan so that cars with either a Chademo coupler or a Combo coupler can take advantage of a rapid charge installation.[13] Previous: No Information Related Industry Knowledge - Electric vehicle charging station b... - Electric vehicle charging station s... - Important considerations for EV cha... - Electric vehicle charging plug design - Functional requirements for electri... - Safety requirements for electric ve... - Adaptability analysis of electric c... - Performance of electric car chargin... - Using characteristics of car chargi... - Electric vehicle charging cable gro...
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CHAdeMO je trgovački naziv metode brzog punjenja za električne električne baterije koja preko posebnog električnog konektora isporučuje do 62,5 kW izravne struje (500 V, 125 A [1] ). Predlaže se kao globalna industrijska norma od strane udruženja istog naziva [2] i uključena u IEC 62196 kao tip 4 . Konkurentni standard, kombinirani sustav naplate, ima podršku većih proizvođača automobila. CHAdeMO je kratica "CHArge de MOve", ekvivalentna "kretanju korištenjem naboja" ili "pomicanje naplatom". Ime je također crta iz O cha demo ikaga desuka na japanskom, [2] prevođenje na engleski kao "Što je s nekim čajem?", Odnosi se na vrijeme koje će trebati za naplatu automobila. [4] CHAdeMO može naplatiti električne automobile s niskim rasponom (120 km / 75 milja) u manje od pola sata. Udruga CHAdeMO CHAdeMO je formirala tvrtka Tokyo Electric Power, Nissan, Mitsubishi i Fuji Heavy Industries (proizvođač vozila Subaru). Toyota se kasnije pridružila kao peti izvršni član. [5] [6] Tri od ovih tvrtki razvile su električna vozila koja koriste TEPCO DC priključak za brzo punjenje. DC punjenje Većina električnih vozila (EV) imaju ugrađeni punjač koji koristi krug ispravljača za pretvaranje izmjenične struje iz električne mreže (mrežni AC) na istosmjernu struju (DC) prikladnu za punjenje baterije EV-a. Trošak i toplinska pitanja ograničavaju koliko energije ispravljač može podnijeti, pa iza oko 240 V AC i 75 A bolje je za vanjski punjač za isporuku istosmjerne struje (DC) na bateriju vozila. S obzirom na ta ograničenja, većina konvencionalnih rješenja za punjenje temelje se na 240V / 30A servisu u SAD-u i Japanu, 240 V, 70 A servisu u Kanadi ili 230 V, 15 A ili 3Φ, 400 V, 32 A uslugu u Europi i Australiji , SAE J1772-2009 ima opciju za 240 V, 80 A i VDE-AR-E 2623-2-2 ima 3Φ, 400 V, 63 A - ove vrste punjača imaju rijetko se primjenjuje u SAD-u, a samo električna vozila koja proizvodi Tesla imaju podudarni ispravljač.) Za brže punjenje, namjenski punjači mogu se graditi na stalnim mjestima i opremljeni visokoučinkovitim priključcima na mrežu. U ovom stilu spajanja, punjač DC izlaza nema učinkovite granice, teorijske ili praktične. Takav visoki napon i visokotlačna punjenja nazivaju se DC Fast Charge (DCFC) ili DC Quick Charging (DC DCC). TEPCO je razvio patentiranu tehnologiju i specifikaciju za brzo napajanje visokonaponskih (do 500 V DC) visokoučinkovitih (125 A) putem konektora za DC punjač brzine Jari (Japan Automobile Research Institute). [7] Čini se da je to osnova za CHAdeMO protokol. [8] Priključak je određen JEVS-om (Japan Electric Vehicle Standard) G105-1993 od tvrtke JARI. Osim prijenosne snage, priključak također uspostavlja podatkovnu vezu pomoću protokola CAN sabirnice. [10] Ovo obavlja funkcije poput sigurnosnog prekidača kako bi se izbjeglo napajanje konektora prije nego što je sigurno (slično SAE J1772), prenoseći parametre akumulatora na stanicu za punjenje, uključujući kada treba prestati punjenje (najveći postotak baterije, obično 80%), ciljni napon , i ukupnog kapaciteta baterije, te tijekom punjenja kako bi stanica trebala mijenjati izlaznu struju. Punjenje vozila Opcija brzog punjenja CHAdeMO promicala je Nissan-Renault i prihvatila je japanske proizvođače automobila kako bi omogućila svojim električnim automobilima da imaju koristi od mreže CHAdeMO punjača u Japanu. Modeli koji podržavaju CHAdeMO punjenje uključuju: Citroën C-ZERO Citroën Berlingo EV Honda Fit EV Kia Soul EV Mazda Demio EV Mitsubishi i MiEV Mitsubishi Minicab MiEV Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV Nissan LEAF Nissan e-NV200 Peugeot iOn Peugeot Partner EV Subaru Stella EV Tesla Model S (preko Tesla CHAdeMO adaptera) [12] Tesla Model X (preko Tesla CHAdeMO adaptera) Toyota eQ Toyota RAV4 EV prva generacija 2001-2003 (s naknadnim dodatkom) Toyota RAV4 EV druga generacija 2012-2014 (s naknadnim dodatkom) Zero motocikli (preko opcionalnog ulaza) Nakon izrade IEC 62196-3 standardnog standarda za punjenje, Nissan je prihvatio prijedloge za napajanje DC punjačima opremljenih s obje Chademo i Combo utičnice. [13] Brzo punjenje snage San Diega planira ponuditi Chademo retrofits za drugu generaciju Toyota RAV4 EV i Mercedes B-klase počevši od 2015. razvoj CHAdeMO tipa brzo punjenje stanice su instalirani u velikom broju komunalnih TEPCO u Japanu, što je potrebno za stvaranje dodatne distribucijske mreže za opskrbu tih stanica. Od 20. travnja 2016., web stranica CHAdeMO Association navodi da je instalirano 11.291 CHAdeMO punjača. To uključuje 6.469 u Japanu, 3.028 u Europi, 1.686 u SAD-u i 108 drugdje. Autocesta na Zapadnoj obali Električna cesta West Coast [23] (WCEH) je opsežna mreža električnih vozila (DC) koje se nalaze svakih 25 do 50 milja duž Interstate 5 i druge glavne ceste u Pacifiku sjeverozapadno od Sjedinjenih Država. Izgradnja WCEH-a započela je 2010. godine s primjenom CHAdeMO i 2. razine punjenja. Sada postoji mreža s tisućama platformi za punjenje razine 2 i desetke DC punjača, uključujući kombinirani sustav punjenja i CHAdeMO. Kompatibilne punjače U SAD-u, Aker Wade Power Technologies je sklopio licencni ugovor s TEPCO-om za proizvodnju i prodaju DC punjača za električna vozila. [7] Eaton Corporation je pokazao CHAdeMO kompatibilan DC Quick punjač [24] koji puni Mitsubishi iMiEV automobile. [25] ECOtality je implementirao Blink DC punjač koji je opremljen s dva konektora za punjenje električnog vozila za CHAdeMO, u Blink mreži. [26] AeroVironment nudi široku liniju DC punjača, uključujući dva CHAdeMO certificirana modela brzih punjača. Potpuno punjiva punjač za CHADEMO punjač za dvosmjerno podešavanje UL-certificiranih (2202 i 1741) Princeton Power Systems sposoban je puniti i ispuštati iz Nissan LEAF-a, i za rešetke i rezervne načine rada. Brze punjače dostupne su u veličinama od 10 kW, 15 kW i 30 kW. Fuji Electric Corporation of America najavio je 25 kW CHAdeMO punjač [27] koji je integriran s Coulomb Technologies 'ChargePoint ® mrežom. [28] ABB proizvodi CHAdeMO modele od 50 kW i 20 kW s UL certifikatom za tržišta Amerike. Nedavno Andromeda Power predstavio je prvi i jedini mobilni DC CHAdeMO punjač od 50 kW. U Europi, Evtronic, [30] Schneider-Electric, SGTE Power, [31] CIRCONTROL (španjolski proizvođač), ABB, nekada Epyon, [32] GH EverDrive i Efacec, prva europska tvrtka koja je dobila certifikat CHAdeMO, opremljen najnovijim CHAdeMO komunikacijskim protokolom. Nissan je razvio Quick EV punjač koji prati CHAdeMO protokol za 1.470.000 do 1.732.500 jena (oko 16.000 do 19.000 USD od svibnja 2010.) i namjerava ih instalirati na 200 prodavača u Japanu. Polar Power Inc također je razvio generatore mobilnog punjenja za brzo punjenje baterija (8340P-40422) za električne automobile; višestruke varijacije CHAdeMo Protokola mogu se istovremeno pohraniti u Polarni punjač i automatski se primijeniti kada se napunjenost priključi na taj model vozila. Ovi DC Rapid punjači postavljeni su za komunikaciju s CHAdeMo i mogu se programirati za rad s drugim sustavima baterija / automobila. Kalifornijska država će instalirati 200 javnih stanica za brzo punjenje koje podržavaju i CHAdeMO i SAE sustav brzog punjenja kroz naselje s NRG Energyom. Ostale vrste IEC 62196 standarda SAE J1772 nudi standard za punjenje razine 1 (120V) i razine 2 (240V) EV. Verzija 2009 definirala je konektor za napajanje od 120 V / 240 VAC do 19,2 kW. [36] U listopadu 2012. SAE je revidirala specifikaciju kako bi dodala kombiniranu kombinačnu spojnicu priključka J1772 s dodatnim iglama za brzo napajanje DC na 200-450 V DC do 90 kW. [37] Nissan Leaf ima posude za konektore TEPCO i SAE J1772-2009, iako je u SAD-u TEPCO utikač uključen samo kao opcija tvornice na višem SL modelu. Također je dostupan kao dodatak tvornice od 700 dolara na S i SV modelima. Njemačke tvrtke predložile su VDE-AR-E 2623-2-2 standard kao provedbu IEC 62196 [39] u IEC prijedlogu 62196-2-X. [40] Upotrebljava okrugli konektor od sedam klipa Mennekes kako bi isporučio do 63 A trofazne (na 400 V u Srednjoj Europi). Ovaj priključak je odabrao nekoliko europskih proizvođača automobila za prototip električnih vozila. [41] Također će se proširiti istosmjernim žicama u kombinaciju Combo Coupler. Oba ova nacionalna standarda dodana su međunarodnom standardu IEC 62196-2 kao "tip 1" i "tip 2". IEC 62196-2 također dokumentira tip konektora koji je predložio EV Plug Alliance kao "Tip 3". Nakon dijela 2 IEC 62196 odobren je novi rad na dijelu 3 [42] standarda koji pokriva punjenje DC s specifikacijom koja se očekuje konačnom do prosinca 2013. [43] Ovaj međunarodni IEC priključak za napajanje DC-om će ili proširiti ili zamijeniti nacionalni CHAdeMO standard. Povodom drugog EV svjetskog summita u lipnju 2013. i glasnogovornik Chademo i Volkswagen grupe istakli su da konkurencija između Chademoa i kombiniranog sustava naplate nije potrebna jer su dodatni trošak postaje brzog punjenja s dvostrukim protokolom puka 5% - tako se Chademo, Volkswagen i Nissan zagovaraju više standardnih punjača DC, tako da automobili s Chademo spojnikom ili Combo spojnikom mogu iskoristiti brzu instalaciju. Par: ne Sljedeći: 16A / 32A Tip 2 do Tip 2 EV napajanje kabel s CE, TUV Relevantne industrije znanja - Električno vozilo Stanica za punjen... - Važni razlozi za EV punjenja priklj... - Funkcionalni zahtjevi za kabele za ... - Električni sustav vozila Stanica za... - Električno vozilo utikač za punjenj... - Prilagodljivost analiza punjenje el... - Korištenje značajke automobila punj... - Električno vozilo punjenje kabel uz... - Nastup kabel za punjenje električni... - Sigurnosni zahtjevi za kabele za pu...