http___hr.265health.com_cancer_lung-cancer_1016028179.html_1.xml
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Lung Cancer Due largely to the explosion of airborne carcinogens resulting from rampant industrialization and development and increased use of fossil fuels, lung cancer has now become the world's leading cause of cancer deaths. Men run the greatest risk of developing the disease, but the number of cases among women is on the rise. Lung cancer is normally attributed to cigarette smoking, and this indeed is a major risk factor; however, exhaust from fossil fuels such as gasoline, diesel and coal play a part, as does asbestos exposure. Types of Lung Cancer Lung cancer may be of the non-small cell type, (NSCLC) or small cell cancer (SCLC). NSCLC is more common, accounting for 75 percent of all lung cancers. NSCLC has three categories: - adenocarcinoma - large cell carcinoma - squamous cell carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent, accounting for 40 percent of all NSCLCs. This form of lung cancer stems from abnormal growth of cells that lines the air sacs in the lungs, known as alveoli. Roughly 20 percent of lung cancer cases are of the squamous cell type; also known as epidermoid carcinoma, this form of cancer begins in the thin, flat cells. Large cell carcinoma is relatively rare and can affect any number of cells. Less common NSCLCs include carcinoid tumor, pleomorphic and salivary gland carcinoma. Although mesothelioma can affect the respiratory system as well, it has been identified as a separate type of asbestos cancer since 1960. However, mesothelioma lung cancer itself can also result from exposure to asbestos and the chances of developing the disease increase significantly with smoking. Asbestos exposure is one of the main risk factors for developing mesothelioma cancer but can be a factor in lung cancer diagnosis as well. Risk Factors In addition to cigarette smoking and exposure to burning fossil fuel, risk factors associated with lung cancer include: - Age and gender (most victims are men over age 40) - Radon exposure - Agent Orange (a defoliant used during the Vietnam conflict) - Nuclear radiation (particularly depleted uranium) - Second-hand smoke Fumes from other types of industrial chemicals may also play a part in the development of lung cancer. Symptoms and Diagnosis Diagnosing lung cancer can sometimes be difficult, in part, because the symptoms can often mimic those of other respiratory disorders, and typically are not severe during the early stages. These include: - chest pain - coughing up blood - fatigue - hoarseness - neck and face swelling - persistent chest, shoulder, or back pain - frequent bronchitis or pneumonia Diagnosis begins with a thorough medical and life-style history (including employment) and x-rays. If indications of cancer are seen, the patient will be referred to a specialist, who will run additional tests for protein markers, take more detailed images with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in addition to obtaining tissue samples (biopsy). Lung cancer patients' prognoses depend on how advanced their cancer is, how or if it has metastasized, and their age and general overall health. Common lung cancer treatments include chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery. Some aggressive treatments include a combination of all three. Once the diagnosis of cancer is confirmed, the oncology team will need to determine how far the cancer has advanced and whether or not it has spread. In the case of SCLC, there are only two stages in which the disease is considered limited or extensive. Most cases of SCLC are treated as advanced because it spreads very aggressively. Treatment Treatment depends on the type of cancer cells that are present in the tumor(s), as well as the different manners in which the cancer metastasizes (spreads) and grows. If the disease is in an early stage, surgery may be the most effective solution; more advanced cases require chemotherapy and radiation treatments, however. Sources De Llano, Rod. "Symptoms." Lung-Cancer-Web.org. http://www.lung-cancer-web.org/lung_cancer_symptoms.html Staff. "Lung Cancer: Definition." Mayo Clinic. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/lung-cancer/DS00038
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Rak pluća nastaje kada abnormalne stanice počinju rasti u jednom ili oba plućna krila . Abnormalne stanice razmnožavaju brže od normalnih stanica pluća tkiva i formiraju grudice , ili tumore . Tumori otežavaju pluća normalno funkcionirati . Značajke Kašalj je jedan od najčešćih znakova raka pluća . Kašalj može bitinovi kašalj samo da neće otići ilipostojeći kašalj koji je počeo da se pogoršati . Možda iskašljavanje krvi ili iskustvo u prsima bol . Zbog ugrožena stanje pluća , bronhitisa i drugih respiratornih infekcija može razviti i otežano disanje ili nedostatak zraka može dogoditi . Ako imate rak pluća , možda se osjećate umorno cijelo vrijeme , jer pluća ne rade jer should.Some ljudi nemaju simptome, arak je otkriven , dok su oni ocjenjuju za drugi zdravstveno stanje . Nagli gubitak težine može bitijedini simptom , brzog mršavljenja je uvijekproblem , ako se ne pokušavate izgubiti težinu vrste Mala stanica . rak pluća ( SLSC ) jebrzo rastuća vrsta raka koja se brzo može proširiti na druge dijelove tijela . Također se zove " rak zobi stanica , " SLSC nalazi se u oko 13 posto od raka pluća patients.Non - malih stanica raka pluća ( NSCLC ) ječešći oblik bolesti , što čini više od 80 posto svih slučajeva . Ovaj oblik se širi sporije , a uključuje tri tipa : adenokarcinom , karcinom velikih stanica i karcinoma pločastih stanica . Adenokarcinom se nalazi u vanjskom dijelu pluća i odgovoran je za oko 40 posto slučajeva raka pluća . Karcinom velikih stanica može početi bilo gdje u pluća i širi brže , što čini 10 do 15 posto svih slučajeva . Karcinom pločastih stanica obično je povezana s pušenjem , a može se naći u sredini pluća . Oko 25 do 30 posto slučajeva raka pluća su ovog tipa . Razmatranja Pušenje jeglavni uzrok raka pluća , 80 posto žena i 90 posto muških raka pluća pacijenata koji izvještavaju da su ili su bili pušači . Disanje pasivnom pušenju stalno povećava izglede za razvoj raka pluća od strane 20 do 30 percent.Radon izloženost jedrugi vodeći uzrok raka pluća . Radon jemirisa plin proizveden propadaju urana u tlu . Visoke razine radona mogu se naći u podrumima i nižim razinama zgrada . Ako vaš podrum je utvrđeno da su radon ,ventilacija sustav može biti instaliran na nižim razinama kako bi sigurno limits.If Vaš posao uključuje rad s urana , obojenih metala prašina , silicij ili azbest , vaše šanse za razvoj raka pluća se povećava . Izloženost koksa , vrste goriva koje se koristi u ljevaonicama i visokim pećima , također može povećati vaše risk.Some ljudi razviti rak pluća iako nikad nisu pušili , nikada nije bio oko pasivnom pušenju na redovito i nikad radio s kancerogenih agensa . Non - smoking žene čini se da nešto veći rizik od razvoja raka pluća nego nepušače muškaraca , a liječnici smatraju da je ta razlika može biti zbog uloge hormona . Učinci 5 godina stopa preživljavanja za rak pluća je 49 posto odraka dalje ograničena na pluća , kada je otkrivena . Problem je u tome što je većina slučajeva raka pluća nisu otkrili u ovoj ranoj fazi . Ako se rak već proširio , stopa preživljavanjaod 5 godina je 3 percent.Radiation , operacija i terapija lijekovima je vrlo korisno za pacijente koji se dijagnosticira u ranim fazama bolesti . Izbjegavanje pušenja i opasni poslovi su najlakši način smanjiti svoje šanse za razvoj raka pluća . Istraživanje je u tijeku kako bi pronašli novi tretman protokole o povećanju stope preživljavanja za ovu vrlo smrtonosne vrste raka . From:http://hr.265health.com/cancer/lung-cancer/1016028179.html