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The appliance pass the patient's blood and the dialysate are separated by a semipermeable membrane dialyzers. It dialyzer in which the blood exchanges occur for dialysis solution and vice versa. In the 70s, some patients undergoing hemodialysis began to have nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms frankly muscle during dialysis sessions. This set of symptoms was called "hard water syndrome" since it related to the presence of large amounts of calcium and magnesium in the dialysate. The use of equipment called softeners, whose function is to remove calcium and magnesium from water, caused the symptoms disappear. And now, resuming and relating to the presence of calcium and magnesium, we will use another example: the soap does not work right with saltwater. No matter what you rub, to no avail. Dirt, which is composed largely of fat, just go away when the soap is used with water, without salt. "This is because the soaps act as a bridge linking the fat molecules to water, it takes everything down the drain," explains chemist Atilio Vanin (1999). In salt water, there are substances like calcium and magnesium that "mess up" anything: they react with soap preventing it from interacting with the fat. Thus, the bridge can not be formed and the dirt does not come out of runoff. The more salt, the less the cleaning efficiency. Bathroom toilet, even, is the shower. Have you ever stopped to think how the soap chemically speaking? The soap works in a joint action with the water. They complement each other in the cleaning process. If all dirt was composed only of clay, only water would be enough to paddle- see it. Water alone is not able to remove the oils and fats that encardem the clothes and skin of people. It is there that kicks in partnership with the soap. It decreases the interaction between water molecules, changing what we call Surface Tension , favoring the washing process. Surely you have heard of Surface Tension , anyway, let's reminisce! We will use the example of a piece of aluminum foil. If we put the foil on the water surface, it can float. These forces that support the foil forces are not
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Aparat prođe krvi pacijenta i dijalizata su odvojeni od polupropusnih membranskih dialyzers. To dijalizatora u krvi koji se javljaju razmjene za dijalizu rješenje i obrnuto. U 70-ih, neki pacijenti podvrgavaju hemodijalizi počeli su mučnina, povraćanje i drugi simptomi Iskreno mišića tijekom sjednice dijalizu. Ovaj skup simptoma je nazvao "tvrda voda sindrom" jer se odnosi na prisutnost velike količine kalcija i magnezija u dijalizata. Korištenje opreme pod nazivom omekšivači, čija je funkcija za uklanjanje kalcija i magnezija iz vode, izazvalo simptomi nestaju. A sada, nastavak i koji se odnose na prisutnost kalcija i magnezija, koristit ćemo jedan primjer: sapun ne radi pravo s morskom vodom. Bez obzira što utrljati, bez uspjeha. Dirt, koji se sastoji uglavnom od masti, jednostavno otići kada sapun se koristiti s vodom, bez soli. "To je zato što su sapuni djelovati kao most koji povezuje masne molekule vode, što se sve u odvod," objašnjava kemičar Atilio Vanin (1999). U slanoj vodi, tu su i tvari poput kalcija i magnezija koji "zabrljati" ništa: oni reagiraju sa sapunom ga sprječava u interakciji s masti. Dakle, most ne može biti formirana i prljavština ne dolazi iz otjecanja. Više soli, manje čišćenje učinkovitost. Kupaonica wc, čak je tuš. Jeste li se ikada zapitali kako se sapun kemijski gledano? Sapun djeluje u zajedničkoj akciji s vodom. Oni se međusobno nadopunjuju u procesu čišćenja. Ako sva nečistoća bila sastavljena samo od gline, samo voda bi biti dovoljno da se veslo- vidjeti. Voda sama nije u stanju ukloniti ulja i masti koje encardem odjeću i kožu ljudi. Tu je započeo u partnerstvu sa sapunom. To smanjuje interakciju između molekula vode, mijenja ono što mi zovemo površinska napetost , favoriziranje pranje proces. Sigurno ste čuli za površinsku napetost , svejedno, neka je uspomene! Mi ćemo koristiti primjer komad aluminijske folije. Ako ćemo staviti foliju na površini vode, to može plutati. Te snage koje podržavaju folije snage nisu