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Permanent Display 41. The Second World War Radical changes were introduced when the Independent State of Croatia was proclaimed and the Wehrmacht marched into Zagreb, on April 10, 1941. The rapture at the creation of an independent state expressed during the grand welcome accorded to the new head of state, Dr Ante Pavelić, was soon to be erased by the Treaties of Rome which gave great parts of the national territory to Italy, by the racial and religious discrimination of which the victims were the Jews and the Serbs, and the reign of terror aimed at all those who did not support the ideas of the Ustasha movement, in particular at the communists. The terror was answered by the resistance movement, which found armed expression in the partisan actions of the communists (attack on the main post office, and assassination of an Ustasha student squad at the Botanical Garden, 1941). Reprisals in the guise of court martial verdicts were very common, and public hangings became an everyday occurrence from 1943 on. All these troubles, which not even a considerable upsurge in culture and the songs of Vlaho Paljetak could palliate, were accompanied by food shortages. Bread had been rationed since 1941; coupons for goods and food products were brought in from 1942, and the city’s parks were turned into allotments. The takeoff of city building marked by the completion of Rebro Hospital and the beginning of the Ante Starčević worker’s estate in Dubrava, where the tramlines arrived in 1942, dried up because of economic ills. The city was governed by mayors (Jozo Dumandžić, Ivan Werner and Eugen Starešinić) who were hampered in their work by the central government. In 1941 the National (“red”) Assistance network was set up; this was the biggest anti-fascist organisation. Parallel government agencies, the National Liberation Committees, were set up, organising departures for the partisans; thus the 10th Zagreb Corpus was formed under the aegis of the anti-fascist army. The big shelter under the Upper Town was completed because from the beginning of 1944 Zagreb suffered more and more air-raids. The need to look after refugees resulted in the formation of the regime’s Assistance, and the bombing in that of the Civil Defence. The downfall of the Third Reich led to the fall of the Independent State of Croatia as well; in May 1945 the civilian government was handed over to the National Defence, which greeted units of the 2nd Army in a deserted Zagreb on May 8, 1945. On May 6, 1945 the previous heads of the government left Zagreb. The withdrawal of the military units and some civilians to the west went on for days; they hoped to put themselves under the protection of the Allies in Carinthia. At the end of the Second World War a crime was committed in Bleiburg against the Croatian people, which set off on its “way of the cross”. Ivan Ružić
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Stalni postav 41. Drugi svjetski rat Proglašenjem Nezavisne Države Hrvatske i ulaskom Wehrmachta u Zagreb 10. travnja 1941. izazvane su korjenite promjene. Ushit ostvarenjem neovisne države, iskazan tijekom svečanog dočeka Poglavnika dr. Ante Pavelića, uskoro potiru Rimski ugovori - kojima su Italiji odstupljeni veliki dijelovi nacionalnoga teritorija - rasna i vjerska diskriminacija Srba i Židova te državni teror nad svima koji ne zastupaju ideje ustaškoga pokreta, posebice komunistima. Na teror odgovara se otporom koji svoj oružani iskaz dobiva u partizanskim akcijama komunista (diverzija na glavnoj pošti i atentat na postrojbu ustaških študenata kod Botaničkoga vrta 1941. g.). Odmazde pod krinkom osuda prijekog suda učestavaju, a javna vješanja od 1943. postaju svakodnevnicom. Sve te nedaće - koje ne može olakšati ni znakoviti uspon kulture, niti šlageri Vlahe Paljetka - prati i nestašica hrane. Kruh je racioniran već 1941. g.; točkice za robu i prehrambene proizvode uvode se 1942. godine, a gradski se parkovi pretvaraju u povrtnjake. Uzlet u gradogradnji završetkom bolnice Rebro i početkom izgradnje radničkog Naselja Ante Starčevića u Dubravi, do kojeg je tramvaj stigao 1942. g., posustaje zbog gospodarske nemoći. Gradom upravljaju gradonačelnici (Jozo Dumandžić, Ivan Werner i Eugen Starešinić) ograničeni u svom djelovanju središnjom vlasti. God. 1941. stvara se u Zagrebu mreža Narodne (tzv. crvene) pomoći, kao najmasovnije antifašističke organizacije. Stvaraju se paralelni organi vlasti, Narodnooslobodilački odbori, koji organiziraju odlazak u partizane te je tako u okviru antifašističke vojske oformljen X. zagrebački korpus. Dovršava se sklonište ispod Gornjega grada jer od početka 1944. Zagreb sve češće trpi bombardiranja iz zraka. Zbrinjavanjem izbjeglica nastaje ustroj režimske Pomoći a zbog bombardiranja ustrojava se Narodna (civilna) zaštita. Slom III. Reicha uvjetuje i slom NDH, čiji organi vlasti prepuštaju u svibnju 1945. god. civilnu vlast Narodnoj zaštiti, koja dočekuje jedinice II. armije u opustjelome Zagrebu 8. svibnja 1945. god. Dana 6. svibnja 1945. tadašnje vrhovništvo napušta Zagreb. Danima traje povlačenje vojnih postrojbi i dijela pučanstva prema zapadu u namjeri da se u Koruškoj stave pod zaštitu Saveznika. Svršetkom Drugoga svjetskoga rata dogodio se u Bleiburgu zločin nad hrvatskim narodom, koji kreće na svoj Križni put. Ivan Ružić