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To understand these situations, let's start with the idea of temperature. We use this term casually in our daily lives, to indicate whether something is "cold" or "hot." For example, when holding a metal spoon, we feel that it is "cooler" when compared to a wooden spoon. We might think that the temperature of the metal spoon is lower than the temperature of the wooden spoon if we trust these sensations attributed to the touch. However, how can we be sure of this conclusion, if different people attach different values to these measures "temperature"? Only use touch as a criterion to evaluate and assign a value to the objects mentioned temperature is not reliable because scientifically, we need to do some accuracy measures. Sensations, such as hot and cold, may deceive us, leading to erroneous conclusions about the temperature of an object. The thermometer Attempts more reliable temperature measurement date back to ancient Greek philosophers. Galileo Galilei(1564-1642), in the late fifteenth century, built the first thermoscope, based on the ideas of the Greeks, which served only to compare different body temperatures. The device was formed by a spherical glass bulb connected to a cylindrical tube, also of glass. The tube was immersed in water and the air inside this tube was compressed by the water. When heated, air expanded by pushing down the water column. The apparatus also had no scale measurements were obtained by comparing the variation of the water column. The thermoscope Galileo gained scale through medical Santorio(1561-1636), used to measure the temperatures of their patients. From there emerged many scales, approximately 60. Were usually chosen two fixed points, associated with numerical values, and this interval was divided into equal parts. Currently the construction of a scale used as fixed points melting point and the boiling point of water. Since the time of Galileo, it was observed that, generally, various materials swell when heated and compressed when cooled. Thus, this feature of the materials is used to compare the change produced in volume with temperature variation. The expansion or contraction serve as an indicator of changes in the temperature of a body. The substance placed inside the tube which willdilate ormir-up length is called thermometric substance which, in the case of thermoscope Galileo was air.
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Za razumijevanje ove situacije, počnimo s idejom o temperaturi. Mi koristimo ovaj termin ležerno u našim svakodnevnim životima, naznačiti je li nešto što je "hladno" ili "toplo". Na primjer, kada se drži metalnu žlicu, smatramo da je "hladnije" u odnosu na drvenom kuhačom. Moglo bi se pomisliti da je temperatura na metalnom žlicom niža od temperature drvenom žlicom, ako vjerujemo ti osjeti pripisuje na dodir. Međutim, kako možemo biti sigurni u ovom zaključku, ako se različiti ljudi pridaju različite vrijednosti na ove mjere "temperaturu"? Koristite samo dodir kao kriterij za procjenu i dodijeliti vrijednost predmeta navedenih temperatura nije pouzdan, jer znanstveno, moramo učiniti neke mjere točnosti. Osjeti, kao što su topla i hladna, može nas zavarati, što dovodi do pogrešnih zaključaka o temperaturi objekta. Toplomjer Pokušaji pouzdanije mjerenje temperature datiraju još iz antičkih grčkih filozofa. Galileo Galilei(1564-1642), u kasnom petnaestom stoljeću, izgrađena je prvi termoskop, na temelju ideja Grka, koji su služili samo usporediti različite tjelesne temperature. Uređaj je formirana od strane sferni stakla žarulja spojena na cilindričnom cijevi, također od stakla. Cijev je uronjena u vodu i zrak unutar ove cijevi bio stisnut uz vodu. Kada se zagrijava, klima proširena gura prema dolje stupac vode. Uređaj također imali mjerenja na dobivene su usporedbom varijaciju vodenog stupca. Termoskop Galileo stekao ljestvica preko medicinske Santorio(1561-1636), koji se koristi za mjerenje temperature od svojih pacijenata. Od tamo pojavili mnogi vage, otprilike 60. Jesu obično izabrao dvije fiksne točke, povezane s brojčanim vrijednostima, a taj rok je podijeljena na jednake dijelove. Trenutno izgradnja skali koristi kao fiksne točke tališta i vrelišta vode. Od vremena Galilea, uočeno je da je, općenito, različiti materijali nabubri kad se zagrije, a kada se ohladi stisnut. Dakle, ova značajka je od materijala se koristi za usporedbu promjena je volumen promjene temperature. Širenje ili skupljanje služe kao pokazatelj promjena u temperaturi tijela. Tvar nalazi unutar cijevi koja ćese rastegnuti iliMir-up Duljina naziva termometarski tvar koja, u slučaju termoskop Galileo bio zrak.