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What is celiac disease? Celiac disease, sometimes called sprue or celiac sprue, is an inherited intestinal disorder in which the body cannot tolerate gluten. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, rye, barley, farina, and bulgur. When people with celiac disease eat foods containing gluten, their immune systems respond by attacking and damaging the lining of the small intestine. The small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients from food into the bloodstream for the body to use. When the lining is damaged, so is its ability to absorb these nutrients. Children and adults with untreated celiac disease may become malnourished, meaning they do not get enough nutrients, resulting in anemia, weight loss, and, in children, delayed growth and small stature. Among the possible complications of untreated celiac disease is the inability to develop optimal bone mass in children and the loss of bone in adults, both of which increase the risk of osteoporosis. The only treatment for celiac disease is to follow a gluten-free diet. - What is osteoporosis? - The link between celiac disease and osteoporosis - Osteoporosis management strategies - Resources - For your information What is osteoporosis? Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones become less dense and more likely to fracture. Fractures from osteoporosis can result in pain and disability. In the United States, more than 53 million people either already have osteoporosis or are at high risk due to low bone mass. Although postmenopausal white women have the highest risk for the disease, men and certain ethnic populations are also at risk. Risk factors for developing osteoporosis include: - Thinness or small frame. - Family history of the disease. - Being postmenopausal and particularly having an early menopause - Abnormal absence of menstrual periods (amenorrhea). - Prolonged use of certain medications, such as those used to treat lupus, asthma, thyroid deficiencies, and seizures. - Low calcium intake. - Lack of physical activity. - Smoking. - Excessive alcohol intake. Osteoporosis often can be prevented. However, it is known as a silent disease because, if undetected, osteoporosis can progress for many years without symptoms until a fracture occurs. It has been called a childhood disease with old age consequences because building healthy bones in youth helps prevent osteoporosis and fractures later in life. However, it is never too late to adopt new habits for healthy bones. The link between celiac disease and osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a complication of untreated celiac disease. The small intestine is responsible for absorbing important nutrients, such as calcium. Calcium is essential for building and maintaining healthy bones. Even people with celiac disease who consume enough calcium are often deficient in this nutrient. And because calcium is needed to keep bones healthy, low bone density is common in both children and adults with untreated and newly diagnosed celiac disease. Osteoporosis management strategies When most people with celiac disease eliminate foods containing gluten from their diet, normal absorption of nutrients from the intestines is usually restored within a few months, although it may take longer in older adults. Eventually, most children and adults have significant improvements in bone density. People with celiac disease who have successfully adopted a gluten-free diet also need to follow the same basic strategies for bone health that apply to others who don’t have the disease. These strategies include getting adequate calcium and vitamin D, performing weight-bearing exercise, not smoking, and avoiding excessive use of alcohol. In some cases, an osteoporosis treatment medication may be recommended. Nutrition. A well-balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D is important for healthy bones. Good sources of calcium include low-fat dairy products; dark green, leafy vegetables; and calcium-fortified foods and beverages. Supplements can help ensure that the calcium requirement is met each day, especially in people with a proven milk allergy. The Institute of Medicine recommends a daily calcium intake of 1,000 mg (milligrams) for men and women up to age 50. Women over age 50 and men over age 70 should increase their intake to 1,200 mg daily. Vitamin D plays an important role in calcium absorption and bone health. Food sources of vitamin D include egg yolks, saltwater fish, and liver. Older individuals – especially those who are housebound, live in northern climates, or use sunscreen – are often deficient in this vitamin and may need vitamin D supplements to achieve the recommended intake of 600 to 800 IU (International Units) each day. Exercise. Like muscle, bone is living tissue that responds to exercise by becoming stronger. The best kinds of activities for your bones are weight-bearing and resistance exercises. Weight-bearing exercises force you to work against gravity. They include walking, climbing stairs, and dancing. Resistance exercises – such as lifting weights – can also strengthen bones. These and other types of exercise also strengthen muscles that support bone, enhance balance and flexibility, and preserve joint mobility, all of which help reduce the likelihood of falling and breaking a bone, especially among older people. Healthy lifestyle. Smoking is bad for bones as well as the heart and lungs. Women who smoke tend to go through menopause earlier, resulting in earlier reduction in levels of the bone-preserving hormone estrogen and triggering earlier bone loss. In addition, people who smoke may absorb less calcium from their diets. Alcohol also can have a negative effect on bone health. Bone density test. A bone mineral density (BMD) test measures bone density in various sites of the body. This safe and painless test usually can detect osteoporosis before a fracture occurs and predict a person’s chances of fracturing in the future. Adults with celiac disease should talk to their doctors about whether they might be candidates for a BMD test. The test can help determine whether medication should be considered. Medication. Several medications are available to prevent and treat osteoporosis, including: bisphosphonates; calcitonin; estrogen (hormone therapy); estrogen agonists/antagonists (also called selective estrogen receptor modulators or SERMs); parathyroid hormone (PTH); parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrp); RANK ligand (RANKL) inhibitor; and tissue-selective estrogen complex (TSEC). Resources NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases ~ National Resource Center Website: https://www.bones.nih.gov For more information on celiac disease, contact: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Website: https://www.niddk.nih.gov For your information This publication contains information about medications used to treat the health condition discussed here. When this publication was developed, we included the most up-to-date (accurate) information available. Occasionally, new information on medication is released. For updates and for any questions about any medications you are taking, please contact U.S. Food and Drug Administration Website: https://www.fda.gov For additional information on specific medications, visit Drugs@FDA at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf. Drugs@FDA is a searchable catalog of FDA-approved drug products. NIH Pub.
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Kosti imaju vrlo važne funkcije u našem tijelu – pružaju strukturu, omogućuju nam kretanje, štite mozak, srce i druge organe te pohranjuju minerale poput kalcija i fosfora. Zato je vrlo važno izgraditi snažne i zdrave kosti tijekom djetinjstva i adolescencije, ali i nastaviti poduzimati korake kako bi zaštitili zdravlje kostiju u odrasloj dobi. Naše kosti se stalno mijenjaju – nova koštana masa se formira, a stara raspada. Kad smo mladi, nova se koštana masa izgrađuje brže no što se razbije stara, pa se ukupna količina koštane mase povećava. Većina ljudi najveću koštanu masu ima oko tridesete godine, nakon čega se nastavlja preoblikovanje kosti, ali gubimo malo više koštane mase no što dobivamo nove. Vjerojatnost razvoja osteoporoze, bolesti koja uvelike može utjecati na kvalitetu vašeg života,ovisi o tome koliko koštane mase dobijemo do trenutka kada dostignemo dob od 30 godina i koliko brzo gubimo nakon toga. Što je veća vaša masa kosti u tom razdoblju kad dostižemo vrhunac koštane mase u tridesetima, to jeviše kosti kojih imamo “u zalihama" za kasnije, i manja je vjerojatnost da ćemo razviti osteoporozu kako starimo. Tiha bolest U slučaju kada gubimo previše koštane mase, razvija se osteoporoza. Kosti gube masu i postaju toliko krhke da se vrlo lako lome. Osobe s osteoporozom najčešće trpe lomove kostiju zglobova, kralježnice i kukova. No, gubitak kostiju događa se tijekom dugog vremenskog razdoblja i mnogi ne znaju da imaju slabe kosti sve dok ne pretrpe lom. No, nikad nije kasno za brigu o kostima. Donosimo vam savjete kako brinuti o zdravlju svojih kostiju u svakoj životnoj dobi, da bi ih ojačali i minimizirali mogućnost lomova. Za jačanje kostiju potrebna vam je samo minuta dnevno Kao i mišići, kosti također postaju jače uztjelovježbu. Najbolje vježbe za zdrave kosti su hodanje, penjanje stepenicama, dizanje utega i ples. Idealno bi bilo vježbati 30 minuta dnevno, no nedavna studija utvrdila je da i samo 60 do 120 sekundi trčanja dnevnomože poboljšatizdravlje kostiju za 4-6%. “Vitamin sunce“ Vitamin D je kritična hranjiva tvar za izgradnju kostiju. Poboljšava apsorpciju kalcija iz crijeva, pomaže povećanju gustoće kostiju i povećava funkciju mišića, smanjujući rizik od prijeloma. No optimalnukoličinu vitamina D teško je dobiti samo od hrane, pa preporučujemo 15 minuta dnevno izlagati se suncu, kako bi tijelo upilo dovoljno ovog vrijednog vitamina. Hrana za snažne kosti – B!TONIC Silver Bones Prehrana igra vrlo važnu ulogu u očuvanju zdravlja kostiju. Važno je imati uravnoteženu prehranu bogatu kalcijem i vitaminom D. Dobri izvori kalcija su i mliječni proizvodi s niskim sadržajem masti, tofu, bademi, sardine, brokula i kelj. Vitamin D možemo dobiti iz žumanjaka, morske ribe, jetrica i mlijeka. Uz to, za prevenciju osteoporoze i jačanje kostiju, korisno je konzumirati dodatke prehrani koji podržavaju zdravlje koštanog sustava i zdravu pokretljivost kao što je B!TONIC Silver Bones. Silver Bones je prirodni dodatak prehrani, kombinacija aktivnih biljnih sastojaka s kalcijem, vitaminom D koji doprinosi normalnom iskorištavanju kalcijai glukozaminom koji podupire regeneraciju zglobne hrskavice. Sastojci Silver Bones kombinirani su kako bi značajno poboljšali zdravlje cijelog mišićno-koštanog sustava.Kapsule Silver Bones pridonose zdravlju kostiju te normalnoj funkciji mišića i prevenciji bolesti kao što je osteoporoza. B!TONIC proizvodi su sigurni i ekološki čisti te ne sadrže alergene, a možete ih kupiti u odabranim ljekarnama. Više o Silver Bones kapsulama i ostalim B!TONIC proizvodima pročitajte na web stranici btonic.hr.