http___metro-portal.hr_osam-tipova-hpv-a-najcesce-odgovorno-za-rak-maternice_49890_1.xml
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The HPV vaccine: What parents should know Vaccination can help protect your child from genital warts and certain types of cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the United States. Nearly all sexually active people are infected with HPV at some point in their lives, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). But vaccination can help prevent HPV and the cases of cancer, genital warts and other health problems it can cause. To work best, the vaccine needs to be given before someone is infected with HPV. So CDC recommends it for all girls and boys ages 11 or 12. If you're a parent whose child hasn't received the HPV vaccine, read on to learn more about the health effects of HPV and how the vaccine can help. The toll of HPV Most HPV infections go away on their own without causing symptoms or requiring treatment. But some persist and do great harm. According to CDC, health problems that may be caused by HPV include: - Cervical cancer. (HPV is the main cause of this disease, according to the National Cancer Institute.) - Vaginal and vulvar cancers. - Penile cancer. - Anal and oropharyngeal cancers. - Genital warts. There are more than 200 types of HPV, and only certain ones are linked to cancer or genital warts. These include HPV types 16 and 18, which together are responsible for most HPV-related cancers, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Available vaccine In the United States, Gardasil 9 is the available vaccine to protect against HPV, including cervical and anal cancer, and genital warts. It targets HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58. The vaccine is very safe. Testing has revealed no serious side effects, according to the NIH. The most common reactions, such as soreness or swelling at the injection site, are temporary. A series of shots The vaccine should be given long before a young person is sexually active, according to CDC. For 11- and 12-year-olds, CDC recommends two doses 6 to 12 months apart. Teens and young adults need three doses. Although the vaccine can prevent future HPV infections, it can't eliminate an existing HPV infection. And it is possible for someone to become infected with HPV the very first time he or she is sexually active, according to CDC. (Remember, most people who have HPV don't have symptoms.) Though the vaccine is routinely given at ages 11 or 12, it can be safely given to children as young as 9, according to CDC. It also can be safely given through age 45. If your child needs catch-up vaccinations, speak to his or her healthcare provider. Screening tests are still important The vaccine does not protect against all the HPV types that cause cervical cancer, notes CDC, so women should still be regularly screened for cervical cancer—even if they were fully vaccinated against HPV as girls or young women. Talk to your doctor For more information on the HPV vaccine, talk with your child's doctor.
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Osam tipova HPV-a najčešće odgovorno za rak maternice HPV tipa 16, 18 i 45 su tri najčešća uzročnika opake bolesti kod žena Osam tipova humanog papilomavirusa (HPV) odgovorno je za 90 slučajeva raka vrata maternice, pokazala je dosad najopsežnija studija genotipa HPV-a koju je u ponedjeljak objavio časopis Lancet Oncology. Među tih osam tipova HPV-a, tri su najčešća (16, 18 i 45), a tipovi 16 i 18 već su pokriveni dvama cjepivima protiv HPV-a koja su trenutačno dostupna na tržištu (Gardasil i Cervarix). HPV, za čije je otkrivanje zaslužan dobitnik Nobelove nagrade za medicinu 2008. Harald zur Hausen, prenosi se spolnim putem i vrlo je raširen i zarazan. Prema procjenama čak 70 posto spolno aktivnih osoba u životu je došlo u doticaj s tim virusom i to najčešće u adolescentskoj dobi. HPV u većini slučajeva nestaje prirodnim putem. No, kod 3 do 10 posto slučajeva, infekcija HPV-om opstaje i kod žene može izazvati lezije vrata maternice koje se mogu razviti u rak. Prema procjenama broj umrlih od raka vrata maternice 2010. približio se 328.000, a 80 posto svih slučajeva pojavljuje se u zemljama u razvoju. Identificirano je više od 118 tipova HPV-a. Četrdesetak ih je odgovorno za upale ženskih spolnih organa, a 12 može izazvati rak. Međunarodna skupina znanstvenika pod vodstvom Silvije de Sanjose (Katalonski onkološki institut, Barcelona) proučila je uzorke 10.575 slučajeva invazivnog raka maternice dijagnosticiranoga između 1949. i 2009. koji su prikupljeni u 38 zemalja sa svih kontinenata. Tipovi 16, 18, 45, 33, 31, 52, 58 i 35 identificirani su kao osam najčešćih tipova HPV-a (navedenih po učestalosti). Tipovi 16, 18 i 45 pronađeni su u 75 posto slučajeva skvamoznog karcinoma i u 94 posto adenokarcinoma. Rak vrata maternice može se dijagnosticirati Papa-testom na redovitom ginekološkom pregledu. (hina/metro-portal)