http___metro-portal.hr_crveno-meso-podize-rizik-od-raka-dojke_85575_print_true_1.xml
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Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women and the National Cancer Institute estimates that in 2014, there will be 232,670 new cases and 40,000 deaths among women. A recent study suggests that consumption of red meat in early adulthood can contribute to the prevalence of this disease. Previous studies have found that there is no association between intake of red meat and breast cancer, however, those studies focused on data collected during mid-life or later. The authors of the study, published in The BMJ, hypothesized that exposure to red meat between menarche and first pregnancy could be significant in the development of breast cancer. Substantiating this belief were epidemiologic studies of women who survived the atomic bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These studies indicated that exposure to radiation in childhood and early adulthood led to an increased risk of developing breast cancer compared to women who were exposed when they were older than 30. The researchers used a new approach rather than new data, utilizing the Nurses’ Health Study II from 1991, where data from 88,803 premenopausal women (age 26 – 45) was analyzed from a questionnaire on diet. For the dietary assessment, participants completed a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire with approximately 130 items about usual dietary intake and alcohol consumption during the past year. The data was adjusted for total fat intake, relative risk, fruits and vegetables intake, and even controlled for the frequency of eating fried foods. Researchers wanted to ensure that any correlation found was due to the nutrient profile of beef specifically. Ultimately, researchers found a positive association between total red meat and the development of breast cancer with higher intake of red meat being associated with a 22% increased risk of breast cancer overall. It was also found that each additional serving per day increase in total red meat was associated with a 13% increase in risk of breast cancer among women. This risk was found to be higher among premenopausal women than postmenopausal women (12% for premenopausal versus 8% for postmenopausal women). Interestingly, substituting poultry or other protein sources lowered the risk for developing breast cancer. Substituting one serving per day of combined legumes, nuts, poultry, and fish for one serving of red meat was associated with a 14% lower risk of breast cancer overall . To help put the results in context, the authors explain how the nutrient profiles of legumes, beans and poultry could have a protective effect. “Legumes contain several components such as fiber and phytoestrogen, which have been negatively associated with breast cancer incidence. The anticarcinogenic effects of beans have been shown in animal models,” the authors write. Concerning poultry, the authors note that it contains higher amounts of polyunsaturated fats than red meat. The authors acknowledged potential limitations such as the limited diversity of participants (whom were mostly white) as well as the error associated with self-reporting. Still, the study concludes with the recommendation that substituting a combination of poultry, fish, legumes, and nuts as protein sources for red meat during early life could be beneficial for the prevention of breast cancer.
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Crveno meso podiže rizik od raka dojke Česta konzumacija crvenog mesa u ranoj odrasloj dobi može dovesti do blagog povećanja rizika za rak dojke Pretjerana konzumacija crvenog mesa u ranoj odrasloj dobi može dovesti do povećanja rizika za dobivanje raka dojke, pokazalo je istraživanje provedeno na Harvardu. Po riječima znanstvenika, smanjenje konzumacije crvenog mesa te češći unos mahunarki, orašastih plodova, ribe i piletine dovodi do smanjenja izgleda za razvoj raka dojke. Novi se rezultati temelje na analizi podataka prikupljenih od oko 89000 žena u dobi od 24 do 43 godine. Neka ranija istraživanja su već povezala pretjeranu konzumaciju crvenog mesa i mesnih prerađevina s povećanjem rizika obolijevanja od raka debelog crijeva, dodaje British Medical Journal.