http___livro-ensino-medio.f1cf.com.br_biologia_hr_biology-194.html_1.xml
1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 6.1 7.1 8.1 9.1 10.1 11.1 12.1 13.1 15.1 17.1 19.1 21.1 22.1 23.1
Researcher. Source: www.diaadiaeducacao.pr.gov.br go Aristarchus of Samos, but only with Copernicus and Galileo in particular, that it became more sustained. Some medieval authors have speculated that the Earth was round, but accepted the Geocentrism out as structured by Aristotle and Ptolemy. This cosmological system taught that the earth was standing in the center of the universe and other bodies orbiting in concentric circles around you. At the time, the Catholic Church widely accepted that model, although the sphericity of the Earth is in apparent contradiction with literal interpretations of some Bible passages. This traditional geocentric view was shaken by Copernicus in 1514, began to publish a mathematical model in which the Earth and other celestial bodies revolved around the sun Such a theory was so revolutionary that Copernicus wrote in his De revolutionibus: "When I spent some time with the idea, my fear of being despised by its novelty and apparent absurdity, almost made me drop the work done." Source: www.wikipedia.org The fourth revolution, the revolution of Ian Wilmut (produced the first clone of an adult mammal in the world), shows that humanity can have identical copies of ourselves, so we are unique. The group led by Ian Wilmut, the Scottish scientist who became famous through this experience, says that virtually all animals that have been cloned in recent years from non-embryonic cells are in trouble. Among the various defects observed in very few animals that were born alive after numerous tentati- vas, observed: shortened telomeres; abnormal placentas; gigantism in sheep and cattle; heart defects in pigs; lung problems in cows, sheep and pigs, immune problems, impaired production of leukocytes; defects in sheep muscle. According Hochedlinger and Jaenisch, recent advances in reproductive cloning allow four important conclusions: Most clones die early in gestation; Cloned animals have defects and abnormalities similar regardless of donor cell or species; These abnormalities probably occur by faults in the reprogramming of the genome; Cloning efficiency depends on the stage of differentiation of the donor cell. Indeed, reproductive cloning from embryonic cells has shown an efficiency of 10 to 20 times greater Probably the most- Stem cells: the reality of many dreams or the frustration of humanity?
1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 6.1 7.1 8.1 9.1 10.1 11.1 12.1 13.1 15.1 17.1 19.1 21.1 21.2 22.1
Istraživač. Izvor: www.diaadiaeducacao.pr.gov.br Aristarh sa Samosa ići, ali samo uz Kopernik i Galileo posebno, da je postalo još održiv. Neki srednjovjekovni autori su nagađali da je Zemlja okrugla, ali je prihvatio geocentrizma se kao strukturirana Aristotela i Ptolomeja. Ovaj kozmološke sustav uči da Zemlja stoji u središtu svemira i drugih tijela koja kruže u koncentričnim krugovima oko vas. U to vrijeme, Katolička crkva široko prihvaćen taj model, iako sferni od Zemlje je u prividnom proturječju s doslovnim tumačenjima nekih biblijskih odlomaka. Ovaj tradicionalni pogled geocentrični potresla Kopernika u 1514, počeo je objavljivati matematički model u kojem Zemlja i druga nebeska tijela kreću oko Sunca Takva teorija je toliko revolucionarna da Kopernik je napisao u svojoj De revolutionibus: "Kad sam proveo neko vrijeme s idejom, moj strah od prezren od svojih noviteta i prividne apsurda, gotovo me ispadne obavljeni posao. Izvor: www.wikipedia.org Četvrti revolucija, revolucija Ian Wilmut (proizveden prvi klon od odraslih sisavaca na svijetu), pokazuje da čovječanstvo može imati identične kopije sebe, tako da smo jedinstveni. Skupina koju predvodi Ian Wilmut, škotski znanstvenik koji je postao poznat kroz to iskustvo, kaže da su gotovo sve životinje koje su klonirane u posljednjih nekoliko godina iz ne-embrionalnim matičnim stanicama su u nevolji. Među raznim nedostataka uočenih u vrlo rijetkih životinja koje su rođene živ nakon brojnih tentati- Vasi, primijetio: skratio telomere, abnormalne posteljice; Gigantizam u ovaca i goveda, srčanih mana u svinja; plućne probleme u krava, ovaca i svinja, imunološki problemi, oslabljen proizvodnje leukocita; nedostataka u ovaca mišića. Prema Hochedlinger i Jaenisch, nedavni napredak u reproduktivnom kloniranju omogućuju četiri važne zaključke: većina klonova umiru rano u trudno; klonirane životinje imaju nedostatke i abnormalnosti slične bez obzira donatorske stanice ili vrsta; ove abnormalnosti vjerojatno dogoditi rasjedima u reprogramiranju genoma; kloniranja učinkovitost ovisi o stupnju diferencijacije donatorske stanice. Doista, reproduktivno kloniranje od embrionalnih stanica pokazala učinkovitost od 10 do 20 puta veća Vjerojatno većina- Matične stanice: stvarnost mnogih snova ili frustracije čovječanstva?