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On March 24, 2001 — ten years ago today — Apple released Mac OS X 10.0, also known as “Cheetah.” Although the transition was not initially easy for Mac owners, who were annoyed by speed and stability issues, Apple persevered and made one improvement after another to the operating system. By the end of the year, OS X was the envy of Windows users worldwide. Many PC owners were still using Windows 98, unwilling to become early adopters of Windows XP after the Windows Millennium Edition debacle, and resorted to using various skinning programs to make their computers look more like Macs. Today, Windows has caught up with OS X in some ways, and not in others. We would argue that, while Windows 7 is Microsoft’s most visually appealing operating system yet, it still lags behind OS X in terms of computer navigation and overall ease of use. Microsoft suffers from a user base that is unwilling to give up support for legacy hardware and software, while Apple — on the verge of bankruptcy in the late 1990s — knew that it could either force its small user base through a difficult transition or lose everything. Apple has truly come full circle, with the tenth anniversary of Mac OS X punctuated by reports that, between the iPad and Mac platforms, Apple is poised to become the dominant computer company in 2011. This accomplishment warrants a look back, so please join us on this retrospective as we take a look at the first ten years of Mac OS X. Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah Release date: March 24, 2001 Some of the credit for the existence of Mac OS X goes to Steve Jobs, as it was his company NeXT that created the NeXTSTEP operating system, which provided the framework that Apple needed for an operating system to replace the aging Mac OS Classic platform. However, much of the credit should go to former Apple CEO Gil Amelio as well, for it was Amelio who recognized the need for modernization and orchestrated the purchase of NeXT, bringing Jobs back to Apple, and his company’s technology with him. We also have Jean-Louis Gassée to thank; Amelio originally wanted to buy the now-defunct BeOS, but Gassée wanted more than Apple was willing to pay — $275 Million. Good for Apple, bad for Be; the maker of BeOS went out of business in 2011 and was sold to Palm for just $11 Million. Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah had steep hardware requirements, needing a Mac with at least a G3 processor and 128 MB of RAM. This meant that many Mac owners were unable to use it. Those who could run Cheetah found it to be slow and unstable. Out of the box, Cheetah could not play DVDs or burn CDs. Nevertheless, its user interface was revolutionary for the time; it made then-current operating systems such as Windows 98 and 2000 look years out of date. Microsoft released the much more modern Windows XP in October, but it lacked the elegance of OS X. Mac OS X 10.1 Puma Release date: September 25, 2001 Apple released Mac OS X 10.1 Puma mere months after Cheetah, resolving many of the issues with the original release and giving it to owners of Cheetah for free. Puma included support for more printers, CD and DVD burning and improved 3D graphics performance. An interesting note is that, although Apple included Mac OS 10.1 Puma with new Mac computers, a Mac would actually continue to boot into Mac OS 9 by default; Puma still suffered from performance issues, and Mac users were still unable to find suitable OS X-compatible replacements for all of their software. Apple later made OS X the default booting operating system with the release of OS X 10.1.2. Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar Release date: August 23, 2002 Many of the improvements in Jaguar took place behind the scenes, with Apple enhancing the interoperability between Mac computers and Windows networks, and adding the new network service Bonjour. With Bonjour, it was easier to locate and utilize shared network resources such as printers. Users of Jaguar found the operating system to be faster and more responsive on current hardware, and appreciated the new search feature that Apple implemented in the Finder. As a gesture of goodwill toward the education market — where Apple had always maintained a strong presence — Apple offered free copies of Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar to teachers who requested them. Mac OS X 10.3 Panther Release date: October 24, 2003 OS X 10.3 Panther stepped up the system requirements slightly from previous operating system versions, removing support for older G3 machines including the beige Power Macintosh and “Wall Street” PowerBook. Panther included a revamped iChat application, which now included real-time video chats on computers with FireWire cameras and broadband Internet connections. Panther also added a new brushed aluminum appearance for open windows. Perhaps the largest change, however, was the absence of Internet Explorer, which had been the default Web browser included with previous versions of Mac OS X. Panther marked the appearance of Safari as the browser bundled with OS X. Apple had agreed to bundle Internet Explorer with Mac computers for five years when Microsoft invested in the company to keep it afloat in 1997. Pages: 1 2
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Ožujka 24, 2001 — prije deset godina i danas — Apple izdao Mac OS X 10.0, također poznat kao “Cheetah.” Iako je u početku tranzicije nije jednostavno za Mac vlasnika, koji su jako ljut zbog pitanja brzinu i stabilnost, Apple ustrajali i napravio jednu poboljšanje drugom operativnom sustavu. Do kraja godine, OS X je zavist Windows korisnike diljem svijeta. Mnogi vlasnici PC su još uvijek u sustavu Windows 98, ne želi postati rane usvojitelje Windows XP nakon Windows Millennium Edition debakl, i posezala za razne skinning programe kako bi njihova računala izgledaju više kao Macove. Danas, Windows je sustigao OS X na neki način, i ne u drugima. Tvrdimo da, dok je Windows 7 je Microsoftov najviše vizualno privlačan operativni sustav još, još uvijek zaostaje za OS X u pogledu računalnog navigaciju i ukupnu jednostavnost korištenja. Microsoft pati od korisničke baze koja se ne želi odreći podršku za ostavština hardvera i softvera, Iako Apple — na rubu stečaja u kasnim 1990-ih — znao da je to bilo mogao prisiliti svoju malu bazu korisnika kroz težak prijelaz ili izgubiti sve. Apple je doista puni krug, uz desetu obljetnicu Mac OS X obilježenom izvješća koja, između ipad i Mac platformama, Apple je spremna postati dominantna računalna tvrtka u 2011. Ovaj uspjeh jamči pogled unatrag, pa molimo da nam se pridružite na ovom retrospektivu kao što smo pogledati prvih deset godina Mac OS X. Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah Datum objave: Ožujak 24, 2001 Neki od kredita za postojanje Mac OS X odlazi Steve Jobs, kao što je njegova tvrtka NeXT koji je stvorio NeXTSTEP operacijski sustav, koja daje okvir da Apple potrebne za operativni sustav zamijeniti starenja Mac OS Classic platforme. Međutim, velik dio kredita bi trebao ići na bivšeg Apple CEO Gil Amelio i, jer je Amelio koji su prepoznali potrebu za modernizacijom i orkestrirao kupnju Sljedeća, dovođenje novih radnih mjesta za Apple, i njegova tvrtka Tehnika s njim. We also have Jean-Louis Gassée to thank; Amelio izvorno htjeli kupiti sada-mrtav BeOS, but Gassée wanted more than Apple was willing to pay — $275 Milijun. Dobro za Apple, loše Be; tvorac BeOS prestao s radom u 2011 a prodan je za samo dlan $11 Milijun. Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah imala strmim zahtjeve hardvera, trebaju Mac s najmanje G3 procesor i 128 MB RAM-a. To je značilo da su mnogi Mac vlasnici nisu bili u mogućnosti koristiti ga. Oni koji bi mogao pokrenuti Cheetah pronašao da bude spor i nestabilan. Out of the box, Cheetah nije mogao igrati DVD ili spali CD-a. Ipak, Njegova korisničko sučelje je revolucionarna za to vrijeme; što se tada važeće operativne sustave kao što su Windows 98 a 2000 tražiti godina od datuma. Microsoft je objavio mnogo više moderan sustav Windows XP u listopadu, ali nedostajalo eleganciju OS X. Mac OS X 10.1 Puma Datum objave: Rujan 25, 2001 Apple izdao Mac OS X 10.1 Puma puke mjeseci nakon Cheetah, rješavanje mnogih problema s izvornom izdanju i dao vlasnicima Cheetah besplatno. Puma uključena podrška za više pisače, CD i DVD spaljivanje i poboljšane 3D grafičke performanse. Zanimljivo je primijetiti da, Iako je Apple uključeni Mac OS 10.1 Puma s novim Mac računala, Mac zapravo bi i dalje čizma u Mac OS 9 po defaultu; Puma i dalje pati od problema s performansama, i Mac korisnici još uvijek nisu uspjeli pronaći prikladne OS X-om zamjenu za sve njihovo softvera. Apple je kasnije napravio OS X zadana dizanje operativnog sustava s izdavanjem OS X 10.1.2. Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar Datum objave: Kolovoz 23, 2002 Mnogi od poboljšanja u Jaguaru održan iza kulisa, s Apple povećanje interoperabilnosti između Mac računala i Windows mrežama, i dodavanje novih usluga mreže Bonjour. S Hello, to je lakše pronaći i koristiti zajedničke mrežne resurse poput pisača. Korisnici Jaguar pronašao operativni sustav da se brže i više reagiraju na trenutnu hardvera, i poštovati novu značajku za pretraživanje kako Apple provoditi u Finder. Kao znak dobre volje prema tržištu obrazovanja — gdje je Apple uvijek održava snažnu prisutnost — Apple je ponudio besplatne primjerke Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar nastavnicima koji su ih zatražili. Mac OS X 10.3 Panter Datum objave: Listopad 24, 2003 OS X 10.3 Panther pojačao zahtjeve sustava nešto od prethodne verzije operativnog sustava, uklanjanje podrške za starije G3 strojeve, uključujući bež Power Macintosh i “Vol Strit” PowerBook. Panther uključen obnovljenu iChat aplikacije, koja je sada uključena u realnom vremenu video razgovore na računalima s FireWire kamere i širokopojasne internetske veze. Panther je također dodao novi brušenog aluminija izgleda za otvorene prozore. Možda najveća promjena, međutim, je odsutnost Internet Explorer, koji je bio zadani web-preglednik uključen u prethodnim verzijama Mac OS X. Panther označena izgled Safari kao preglednik paketu s OS X. Apple je pristao na skupinu Internet Explorer s Mac računala za pet godina, kada Microsoft uložio u tvrtku kako bi ga zadržati na površini u 1997. Nastavak na sljedećoj stranici. Stranice: 1 2