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Diabetes Our bodies contain complicated mechanisms that deal with the transfer of sugar from the blood stream to our cells. Most of our cells require simple sugar in order to function at their full capacity. Our bodies also regulate the amount of glucose in the blood stream so that it doesn’t go too high or too low. Every time we eat carbohydrates they are quickly turned into sugar and enter the blood stream. As our blood sugar levels rise, the pancreas receives a signal to begin releasing insulin. Insulin acts as the key to the cell doors allowing sugar to enter. This reduces the amount of sugar in the blood stream as it is now inside the cells. If there is not enough insulin available the sugar simply builds up in the blood stream and is unable to enter the cells where it is needed. Diabetes in Children Type 2 diabetes has been virtually unheard of in children. Unfortunately due to the increase in childhood obesity rates, numbers are on the increase, particularly certain ethnic groups. Ethnic, non white groups ranges in numbers from 22-77 percent while their white counterparts represented only 6% of the total. These figures are for children who are between the ages of ten and nineteen. The highest percentage were among Native American youth and Asia-Pacific islanders. Type 1 Diabetes If the body can’t make enough insulin or if the insulin that is made can’t be used properly then the individual has diabetes. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body’s immune system perceives the pancreas as an intruder and attacks it, making it impossible for the body to produce insulin. This type of diabetes is often referred to as insulin dependent or juvenile diabetes. Approximately 10 percent of people diagnosed with diabetes have type 1. Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes is a progressive illness that occurs over time. It can take years before the person is even aware that they have the problem. It starts when cells don’t respond to insulin’s unlocking mechanism. The initial reaction is for the body to simply make more insulin trying to push the sugar into the cells. Eventually the system that manufactures the insulin begins to fail and ultimately there is not enough insulin in the system to accomplish the task. Pre-Diabetes It is estimated that there are 57 million adults that are considered to be in a pre-diabetes phase. This means that they have elevated blood sugar levels but do not yet qualify as diabetic. This is an early warning signal. If the person who has pre-diabetes takes the proper steps such as diet and exercise they may never develop type 2 diabetes. In fact, in some case they may be able to reverse the effects completely and return to glucose levels that fall within a normal range. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder that tends to affect children but can also strike adults at any age. The causes are not yet understood and there is no cure. Type 2 diabetes also has no cure but is better understood than type 1. Take steps to prevent it where possible and if you already have type 2 diabetes try to slow or stop the progression through diet and exercise.
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Šećerna bolest tipa 2 Javlja se kada gušterača ne proizvodi dovoljno inzulina da bi se održala normalna razina glukoze u krvi ili kada tijelo ne može učinkovito iskoristiti inzulin koji proizvodi gušterača (“otpornost na inzulin”), izazivajući hiperglikemiju. Taj je tip šećerne bolesti usko povezan s pretilošću i češći je u starijih. Šećerna bolest tipa 2 još je relativno rijetka u djece. Šećerna bolest tipa 2 progresivna je, no u mnogim ju je slučajevima moguće držati pod nadzorom zdravom prehranom, tjelovježbom i promjenama životnih navika. Gestacijski dijabetes Gestacijski dijabetes je naziv za hiperglikemiju otkrivenu kod trudnice koja do tada nije bolovala od šećerne bolesti, a hiperglikemija prestaje nakon trudnoće. Ako hiperglikemija traje i nakon poroda tada se u trudnoći radilo o novootkrivenoj šećernoj bolesti. Kronične komplikacije Nakon određenog broja godina s dijabetesom u nekih se ljudi razviju određeni karakteristični problemi s očima, bubrezima, živcima i nogama. Osjetljivost na srčane bolesti i visoki krvni tlak također je povećana. Da bi se pomoglo spriječiti takve komplikacije, važno je održavati šećer u krvi što je bliže moguće normalnim vrijednostima. Liječenje dijabetesa U liječenju šečerne bolesti posebno mjesto zauzima edukacija, samokontrola i samozbrinjavanje. Bolest se liječi pravilnom prehranom i tjelovježbom, nakon čega nastupa liječenje lijekovima (oralnim antidijabeticima, GLP- analozima i inzulinima) Zdrava je prehrana važna i ne zaboravite redovito vježbati. Također trebate učiti o dijabetesu, kako mjeriti šećer u krvi i kako primjereno reagirati na očitanja šećera u krvi.