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What is diabetes? Diabetes is a disorder of metabolism, a term that describes the way our bodies chemically change the foods we eat into growth and energy. After we digest food, glucose (sugar) enters the bloodstream, where it is used by the cells for energy. For glucose to get into the cells, insulin must be present. - What is osteoporosis? - The diabetes–osteoporosis link - Osteoporosis management strategies - Resources - For your information Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It is responsible for moving glucose from the bloodstream into the cells to provide energy needed for daily life. In people with diabetes, the body produces too little or no insulin or it does not respond properly to the insulin that is produced. - In type 1 diabetes, the body produces little or no insulin. This form of the disease typically appears in children and young adults, but it can develop at any age. - In type 2 diabetes, the body produces insulin but not enough, and the body does not respond properly to the insulin that is produced. This form of the disease is more common in people who are older, overweight, and inactive. What is osteoporosis? Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones become less dense and more likely to fracture. Fractures from osteoporosis can result in pain and disability. In the United States, more than 53 million people either already have osteoporosis or are at high risk due to low bone mass. Risk factors for developing osteoporosis include: - Being thin or having a small frame. - Having a family history of the disease. - For women, being postmenopausal, having an early menopause, or not having menstrual periods (amenorrhea). - Using certain medications, such as glucocorticoids. - Not getting enough calcium. - Not getting enough physical activity. - Smoking. - Drinking too much alcohol. Osteoporosis is a disease that often can be prevented. If undetected, it can progress for many years without symptoms until a fracture occurs. The diabetes–osteoporosis link People with diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, often have poorer bone quality and an increased risk of fractures. Those with long-standing disease and poor blood sugar control, and who take insulin have the highest fracture risk. The onset of type 1 diabetes typically occurs at a young age when bone mass is still increasing. It is possible that people with type 1 diabetes achieve lower peak bone mass, the maximum strength and density that bones reach. People usually reach their peak bone mass in their 20s. Low peak bone mass can increase one’s risk of developing osteoporosis later in life. Some of the complications of diabetes, such as nerve damage, muscle weakness, episodes of low blood sugar, and vision problems can increase the risk of falls and fractures. Osteoporosis management strategies Strategies to prevent and treat osteoporosis in people with diabetes are the same as for those without diabetes. Nutrition. A diet rich in calcium and vitamin D is important for healthy bones. Good sources of calcium include low-fat dairy products; dark green, leafy vegetables; and calcium-fortified foods and beverages. Many low-fat and low-sugar sources of calcium are available. Also, supplements can help you meet the daily requirements of calcium and other important nutrients. Vitamin D plays an important role in calcium absorption and bone health. It is synthesized in the skin through exposure to sunlight. Although many people are able to obtain enough vitamin D naturally, older individuals are often deficient in this vitamin due, in part, to limited time spent outdoors. They may require vitamin D supplements to ensure an adequate daily intake. Exercise. Like muscle, bone is living tissue that responds to exercise by becoming stronger. The best exercises for your bones are weight-bearing and resistance exercise. Weight-bearing exercises force you to work against gravity. They include walking, stair climbing, and dancing. Resistance exercises – such as lifting weights – can also strengthen bones. Regular exercise can help prevent bone loss and, by enhancing balance and flexibility, reduce the likelihood of falling and breaking a bone. Exercise is especially important for people with diabetes since exercise helps insulin lower blood glucose levels. Healthy lifestyle. Smoking is bad for bones as well as for the heart and lungs. Women who smoke tend to go through menopause earlier, triggering earlier bone loss. In addition, people who smoke may absorb less calcium from their diets. Alcohol can also negatively affect bone health. People who drink heavily are more prone to bone loss and fracture because of poor nutrition as well as an increased risk of falling. Avoiding smoking and alcohol can also help with managing diabetes. Bone density test. Specialized tests known as bone mineral density (BMD) tests measure bone density in various parts of the body. These tests can detect osteoporosis before a bone fracture occurs and predict a person’s chances of fracturing in the future. It can measure bone density at your hip and spine. People with diabetes should talk to their doctors about whether they might be candidates for a bone density test. Medication. Like diabetes, there is no cure for osteoporosis. However, several medications are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men. Medications are also approved for use in both women and men with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Resources For additional information on osteoporosis, contact: NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases ~ National Resource Center Website: https://www.bones.nih.gov For additional information on diabetes, contact: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Website: https://www.niddk.nih.gov For your information This publication contains information about medications used to treat the health condition discussed here. When this publication was developed, we included the most up-to-date (accurate) information available. Occasionally, new information on medication is released. For updates and for any questions about any medications you are taking, please contact U.S. Food and Drug Administration Website: https://www.fda.gov For additional information on specific medications, visit Drugs@FDA at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf. Drugs@FDA is a searchable catalog of FDA-approved drug products. NIH Pub.
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Kosti imaju vrlo važne funkcije u našem tijelu – pružaju strukturu, omogućuju nam kretanje, štite mozak, srce i druge organe te pohranjuju minerale poput kalcija i fosfora. Zato je vrlo važno izgraditi snažne i zdrave kosti tijekom djetinjstva i adolescencije, ali i nastaviti poduzimati korake kako bi zaštitili zdravlje kostiju u odrasloj dobi. Naše kosti se stalno mijenjaju – nova koštana masa se formira, a stara raspada. Kad smo mladi, nova se koštana masa izgrađuje brže no što se razbije stara, pa se ukupna količina koštane mase povećava. Većina ljudi najveću koštanu masu ima oko tridesete godine, nakon čega se nastavlja preoblikovanje kosti, ali gubimo malo više koštane mase no što dobivamo nove. Vjerojatnost razvoja osteoporoze, bolesti koja uvelike može utjecati na kvalitetu vašeg života,ovisi o tome koliko koštane mase dobijemo do trenutka kada dostignemo dob od 30 godina i koliko brzo gubimo nakon toga. Što je veća vaša masa kosti u tom razdoblju kad dostižemo vrhunac koštane mase u tridesetima, to jeviše kosti kojih imamo “u zalihama" za kasnije, i manja je vjerojatnost da ćemo razviti osteoporozu kako starimo. Tiha bolest U slučaju kada gubimo previše koštane mase, razvija se osteoporoza. Kosti gube masu i postaju toliko krhke da se vrlo lako lome. Osobe s osteoporozom najčešće trpe lomove kostiju zglobova, kralježnice i kukova. No, gubitak kostiju događa se tijekom dugog vremenskog razdoblja i mnogi ne znaju da imaju slabe kosti sve dok ne pretrpe lom. No, nikad nije kasno za brigu o kostima. Donosimo vam savjete kako brinuti o zdravlju svojih kostiju u svakoj životnoj dobi, da bi ih ojačali i minimizirali mogućnost lomova. Za jačanje kostiju potrebna vam je samo minuta dnevno Kao i mišići, kosti također postaju jače uztjelovježbu. Najbolje vježbe za zdrave kosti su hodanje, penjanje stepenicama, dizanje utega i ples. Idealno bi bilo vježbati 30 minuta dnevno, no nedavna studija utvrdila je da i samo 60 do 120 sekundi trčanja dnevnomože poboljšatizdravlje kostiju za 4-6%. “Vitamin sunce“ Vitamin D je kritična hranjiva tvar za izgradnju kostiju. Poboljšava apsorpciju kalcija iz crijeva, pomaže povećanju gustoće kostiju i povećava funkciju mišića, smanjujući rizik od prijeloma. No optimalnukoličinu vitamina D teško je dobiti samo od hrane, pa preporučujemo 15 minuta dnevno izlagati se suncu, kako bi tijelo upilo dovoljno ovog vrijednog vitamina. Hrana za snažne kosti – B!TONIC Silver Bones Prehrana igra vrlo važnu ulogu u očuvanju zdravlja kostiju. Važno je imati uravnoteženu prehranu bogatu kalcijem i vitaminom D. Dobri izvori kalcija su i mliječni proizvodi s niskim sadržajem masti, tofu, bademi, sardine, brokula i kelj. Vitamin D možemo dobiti iz žumanjaka, morske ribe, jetrica i mlijeka. Uz to, za prevenciju osteoporoze i jačanje kostiju, korisno je konzumirati dodatke prehrani koji podržavaju zdravlje koštanog sustava i zdravu pokretljivost kao što je B!TONIC Silver Bones. Silver Bones je prirodni dodatak prehrani, kombinacija aktivnih biljnih sastojaka s kalcijem, vitaminom D koji doprinosi normalnom iskorištavanju kalcijai glukozaminom koji podupire regeneraciju zglobne hrskavice. Sastojci Silver Bones kombinirani su kako bi značajno poboljšali zdravlje cijelog mišićno-koštanog sustava.Kapsule Silver Bones pridonose zdravlju kostiju te normalnoj funkciji mišića i prevenciji bolesti kao što je osteoporoza. B!TONIC proizvodi su sigurni i ekološki čisti te ne sadrže alergene, a možete ih kupiti u odabranim ljekarnama. Više o Silver Bones kapsulama i ostalim B!TONIC proizvodima pročitajte na web stranici btonic.hr.