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Varaždin is situated in the northern part of Croatia, 81 km north of the Croatian capital Zagreb. It has population of 40000. This central European town is ancient Croatian capital. During the reign of Maria Theresa northern Croatia was part of Habsburg Monarchy, and the seat of the Croatian Royal Council (government) was in Varaždin from 1767 till the great fire in 1776. The old town fortification, the central part of the town, numerous museums, galleries and collections as well as the Varaždin cemetery, protected as a horticultural monument, represent the main tourist attractions of Varaždin. Varaždin - history and culture Varaždin - history and culture For more than eight centuries Varaždin has been the center of socio-political, economic, and cultural development of northern Croatia. A number of its citizens honorably carried its name around the world, working in the fields of literature, history, science, music, medicine, economics, sports and various other activities. Varaždin has preserved a priceless historical heritage and historical documentation of its architecture, economic development, education, culture, art and health care for past and future generations. The architecture of buildings was preserved from the earliest times, and contemporaries rightfully call Varaždin a baroque city. The school system and cultural and artistic life have long since been developed. A hospital and other forms of health care were organized in the early times, and Varaždin was also the cradle of firefighting in the wider area. Varaždin is an ancient city that was first mentioned in 1181 in a verdict in which the Croatian-Hungarian king Bela III returns possession of the town Varaždinske Toplice to the archbishop of Zagreb. This 830-year-old document mentions Varaždin (Guarestin) and local residents (Guaresdienses). In 1209 Andrija II Arpadović (Andrew Arpad II) issued a charter which gives Varaždin the rights of a free royal city. In 1406 King Sigismund confirms that residents have the right to hold an annual fair, which lasted a week and took place in the suburbs north of the old city. In a document from 1464 Matija Korvin (Matthias Corvinus) allowed the crest of Varaždin, accentuating that it had already been in use for a long time. Trading had been very important for the development of Varaždin in the Middle Ages, and the river Drava was an important route. During past centuries Varaždin has often been the scene of important political events. Parliament was held first at City Hall, and from mid-century at the Drašković palace. It was permanent residence of Nadaždi, who became president of the Regents Council in 1767, and the Council of Bans moved there also. With that Varaždin virtually became the Croatian capital. The rich and luxurious city life was suddenly stopped by a big fire in 1776, in which two thirds of the city were burned down. That represented the end of the political and administrative development of the city. Varaždin is surrounded by and filled with green surfaces. The largest and most beautiful green area in the city of Varaždin is the city cemetery (whose beauty is second only to that of the Viennese Schoenbrunn). The Vatroslav Jagić Park (next to the Croatian National Theater), many arbored walks and floral hanging gardens should also be mentioned. Near the city center is the only specialized entomological museum in Croatia, where you can see the rich world of insects. The founder of this department is Franjo pl. Košćec, and it is located in the Herczer Palace within the City Museum. There are many historic buildings in the city, and the most representative is the Old town, once a fortress, which was transferred to state ownership in 1925 and now houses art collections of the Cultural Department of the City Museum of Varaždin. It is surrounded by embankments that are ideal for a nice relaxing walk. Many churches also require special mention. Former Jesuit and later Pauline church was converted into a cathedral of the Diocese of Varaždin. Since the beginning of the 18th century there has been a Capuchin church, and in its proximity is the church of St. Vida, which had been the only church outside the walls of the former city, in order to be closer to the common people. The Ursuline order came around 1703 and built a church, a convent and a school. There are also a baroque Franciscan church or church of St. John the Baptist, with its famous old organ, and the parish church of St. Nicholas, alongside a few small votive chapels. It is particularly pleasant to take a stroll down the old part of town, old streets and squares. To mention just a few of them: Gundulićeva or Dućanska Street (named after the writer Ivan Gundulić), Gajeva (writer Ljudevit Gaj), Kukuljevićeva or Dravska Street (politician, historian and writer Ivan Kukuljević) Bakačeva (ban Bakač Erdödy), Draškovićeva (count Janko Drašković), Kranjčevićeva (poet Silvije Strahimir Kranjčević) Padovčeva (Varaždin guitarist Ivan Padovec) Stančić square (painter of unmatched panoramic views of Varaždin Miljenko Stančić), Ban Josip Jelačić Square, Franciscan Square (named after the Catholic order that was founded by St. Francis of Assisi in the 12th century), Liberty Square (formerly the Parish Square, named after the parish church of St. Nicholas), King Tomislav Square (Croatian king from the 10th century). The first mention of schools in northwestern Croatia dates back to the 12th century. The majority of urban population was made up of craftsmen, clerks and merchants who, most surely, had to master at least the basics of general education. That is why the first secular schools were established in Varaždin in the 15th century. The Varaždin gymnasium (high school) was founded in 1636, and the first teacher of this school was the famous Kajkavian writer Juraj Habdelić. Later, the Jesuit order obtained a very notable place in education, and was wholeheartedly supported by the Varaždin nobility. Today there are two gymnasiums in Varaždin, and the first of them was recently substantially expanded and modernized to improve teaching conditions. Many famous and deserving Croats were high school students in Varaždin. Music has always been tightly woven into the life of local people, ever since the 13th century. Varaždin Baroque Evenings, a very famous festival of baroque music, have been held at the end of each September since 1970. In addition there are occasional international music festivals and musical meetings for children and youth. The town has an excellent music school where young talents from the region come pouring in. A Jesuit theater operated in Varaždin until the 18th century, and later the German touring troupes would perform plays. The present building of the Croatian National Theater was opened in 1873. That was 22 years before the one in Zagreb, the Croatian capital! Old Varaždin also has a rich artistic heritage; numerous works have been made in the city itself or in the surrounding area. Artistic life during the centuries and its course in the late 19th century created the conditions for the development of contemporary art in Varaždin. The City Museum was founded in the mid-thirties of the 20th century, and it holds the collected works of art of many artists. For fifteen years, beginning at the end of August and lasting for ten days, a festival called Špancirfest occurs - a ceremony that happens on the fly, during a walk, with the local word for walking being "špancirati". It is a happy combination of artistic expression, Croatian traditional and modern handicrafts and a delicious culinary tradition. The entire city is one unique stage and the visitors are counted in hundreds of thousands. Varaždin is surrounded by numerous famous historic small towns. For example, there is Varaždinske Toplice, which blossomed in the Roman period between the 1st and 4th century. Today it is famous for its thermal spas and Roman excavations. The modern Hotel Minerva provides great opportunities for sports and recreation. Trakošćan is the pearl of the Zagorje region and one of the most beautiful castles in Croatia, located on a high conical hill in a beautiful region, surrounded by forests, meadows and slopes of surrounding mountains. Castle Maruševec is distinguished by its beauty and appeal as one of the most beautiful jewels of Zagorje, alongside castles Trakošćan and Veliki Tabor. The Opeka arboretum, with a baroque castle and gardens, ranks first among the arboretums in Croatia for its richness and importance. The cradle of science, art and culture created by the Paulines in Croatia is the city Lepoglava, located within the picturesque landscape of Zagorje in the valley of the river Bednja. The most important women's handicraft in Lepoglava is the lace which is ranked among the top in Europe. Last Updated on 13 June 2011
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Varaždin se nalazi u sjeverozapadnom dijelu Hrvatske, 81 km sjeverno od Zagreba, a u njemu živi oko 40000 stanovnika. Taj je srednjoeuropski grad svojedobno bio glavni grad Hrvatske. Naime, u doba kraljice Marije Terezije ovaj dio Hrvatske bio je dio Habsburške monarhije, a sjedište hrvatske vlade od 1767. do velikog požara 1776. bilo je u Varaždinu. Glavne turističke atrakcije Varaždina su gradsko središte, Stari grad, brojni muzeji i galerije te varaždinsko groblje koje je zaštićeno kao hortikulturni spomenik. Varaždin - povijest i kultura Varaždin - povijest i kultura Više od osam stoljeća Varaždin je središte društveno-političkog, privrednog, kulturno-prosvjetnog i zdravstveno-socijalnog razvoja Sjeverozapadne Hrvatske. Brojni njegovi građani su časno ponijeli njegovo ime diljem svijeta, djelujući na području znanosti, glazbe, književnosti, povijesti, medicine, ekonomije, športa i raznih drugih djelatnosti. Današnjim i budućim generacijama Varaždin je sačuvao neprocjenjivo spomeničko blago i povijesnu dokumentaciju o svojoj arhitekturi, razvoju privrede, njegovanju obrazovanja, kulture, umjetnosti i zdravstvene zaštite. Sačuvao je arhitekturu svoje izgradnje od najstarijih vremena i s pravom ga suvremenici nazivaju baroknim gradom. U njemu je već odavno organizirano školstvo, razvijen kulturni i umjetnički život. Ima bolnicu i druge oblike djelovanja u zdravstvenoj zaštiti, a ujedno je i kolijevka razvoja vatrogastva na širem području. Varaždin je drevni grad koji se prvi put spominje 1181. godine u sudskoj presudi kojom hrvatsko-ugarski kralj Bela III vraća zagrebačkom Kaptolu posjed Varaždinskih Toplica. U tom se dokumentu, starom 830 godina, prvi put spominju Varaždin (Guarestin) i Varaždinci (Guaresdienses). Godine 1209. Andrija II Arpadović izdaje povelju kojom Varaždin dobiva pravo slobodnog kraljevskog grada. Godine 1406. kralj Žigmund potvrđuje ispravu kojom Varaždinci imaju pravo održavati godišnji sajam koji je trajao tjedan dana, a odvijao se sjeverno od Staroga grada, u samom predgrađu. U dokumentu iz 1464. godine Matija Korvin potvrđuje građanima Varaždina grb, naglasivši da je on već odavno u upotrebi. Za povijest Varaždina u srednjem vijeku važan je bio razvoj trgovine, a važna prometnica je bila rijeka Drava. U toku minulih stoljeća Varaždin je često bio pozornica važnih političkih zbivanja. Sabori se održavaju u Gradskoj vijećnici, a od sredine stoljeća u palači Drašković. Tu stalno stoluje Nadaždi koji 1767. godine postaje i predsjednik Namjesničkog vijeća sa stalnim sjedištem u Varaždinu, kamo se preselio i banski stol. Tako je Varaždin praktički postao glavni grad Hrvatske. Bogati i raskošni život grada naglo se prekida velikim požarom 1776. godine, u kojem su izgorjele dvije trećine grada. To je predstavljao kraj političkog i upravnog razvoja grada kao banskog sjedišta. Grad Varaždin okružen je i ispunjen zelenilom. Najveća i najljepša zelena površina u samom gradu je Varaždinsko groblje (po ljepoti odmah iza Schoenbruna u Beču). Spomenimo i park Vatroslava Jagića (neposredno pored Hrvatskog narodnog kazališta), mnogobrojne cvjetne aleje i viseće vrtove. U blizini samog središta grada je jedini specijalizirani Entomološki muzej u Hrvatskoj gdje se može razgledati bogati Svijet kukaca. Utemeljitelj tog odjela je Franjo pl. Košćec, a smješten je u Palaču Herczer, u sklopu Gradskog muzeja. U gradu su mnogobrojne povijesne građevine. Najreprezentativnija je Stari grad, nekadašnja utvrda, koja 1925. godine prelazi u državno vlasništvo i u kojoj se mogu razgledati umjetničke zbirke Kulturnopovijesnog odjela Gradskog muzeja Varaždin. Okružen je obrambenim nasipima koji su idealno mjesto za ugodnu opuštajuću šetnju. Brojne crkve zahtijevaju posebnu pažnju. Bivša isusovačka, a kasnije pavlinska crkva, je preuređena u katedralu Varaždinske biskupije. Od početka 18. stoljeća ovdje je kapucinska crkva, a u njezinoj blizini je crkva sv. Vida, koja je svojedobno bila jedina izvan zidina nekadašnjeg grada, kako bi bila što bliže javnom puku. Uršulinke dolaze 1703. i grade crkvu, samostan i školu. Tu su još barokna franjevačka crkva ili crkva sv. Ivana Krstitelja, sa starim poznatim orguljama i župna crkva sv. Nikole, a ima još i nekoliko manjih zavjetnih crkvica. Posebno je ugodna šetnja starom jezgrom grada, starim ulicama i trgovima. Spomenimo samo neke od njih: Gundulićeva ili Dućanska ulica (nazvana po književniku Ivanu Gunduliću), Gajeva ulica (književnik Ljudevit Gaj), Kukuljevićeva ili Dravska ulica (političar, povjesničar i književnik Ivan Kukuljević), Bakačeva ulica (ban Bakač Erdödy), Draškovićeva ulica (grof Janko Drašković), Kranjčevićeva ulica (pjesnik Silvije Strahimir Kranjčević), Padovčeva ulica (varaždinski gitarist Ivan Padovec), Stančićev trg (slikar neponovljivih varaždinskih veduta Miljenko Stančić), Trg bana Josipa Jelačića, Franjevački trg (nazvan po katoličkom redu koji je utemeljio sv. Franjo Asiški u 12. stoljeću), Trg slobode (nekad Župni trg, nazvan po župi uz crkvu sv. Nikole), Trg kralja Tomislava (hrvatski kralj iz 10. stoljeća). Prve se škole u Sjeverozapadnoj Hrvatskoj spominju već u 12. stoljeću. Jezgru gradskog stanovništva činili su obrtnici, činovnici i trgovci koji su, posve sigurno, morali vladati barem osnovama općeg obrazovanja. To je razlog zašto se u 15. stoljeću u Varaždinu osnivaju i svjetovne škole. Godine 1636. ovdje je osnovana Varaždinska gimnazija, a prvi nastavnik ove škole bio je znameniti kajkavski pisac Juraj Habdelić. Kasnije je isusovački red dobio jedno od najzapaženijih mjesta u obrazovanju, i bio je svestrano podržavan od varaždinskog plemstva. Danas u Varaždinu postoje dvije gimnazije, a prva od njih je nedavno prostorno znatno proširena i modernizirana tako da se nastava odvija u jednoj smjeni. Mnogi poznati i zaslužni Hrvati bili su polaznici varaždinske gimnazije. Glazba je od davnine čvrsto utkana u život naroda koji tu obitava, još od 13. stoljeća. Od 1970. godine krajem rujna se održavaju Varaždinske barokne večeri, vrlo poznati festival barokne glazbe. Pored toga održavaju se povremeni međunarodni glazbeni festivali te glazbene smotre djece i mladih. U gradu djeluje vrsna glazbena škola u koju se slijevaju mladi talenti iz uže i šire varaždinske regije. Do 18. stoljeća u Varaždinu je djelovalo isusovačko kazalište, a kasnije su dolazile njemačke putujuće družine. Godine 1873. otvorena je današnja zgrada Hrvatskog narodnog kazališta, čak 22 godine prije nego u Zagrebu, glavnom gradu Hrvatske! Stari Varaždin ima i bogatu likovnu baštinu, brojna djela izrađena su i u samom Varaždinu ili njegovoj okolici. Likovni život tokom stoljeća i njegov tok krajem 19. stoljeća stvorio je uvjete za razvoj suvremene umjetnosti na području Varaždina. Sredinom trećeg desetljeća 20. stoljeća osnovan je Gradski muzej gdje su sakupljena i djela likovnih umjetnika. Počevši s krajem mjeseca kolovoza, u trajanju od deset dana, već petnaestak godina uzastopce, na varaždinskim ulicama i trgovima događa se Špancirfest, svečanost koja se događa u hodu, šetnji, „špancirajući se“. Sretna kombinacija artističkih izričaja, hrvatskoga tradicijskog i suvremenog rukotvorstva te uživanja u gastronomskoj tradiciji, ali i grada kao jedinstvene pozornice, omogućila je produkciju festivalskoga događanja čiji se posjetitelji broje u stotinama tisuća. Varaždin je okružen brojnim povijesno poznatim malim mjestima. Tu su Varaždinske Toplice koje su doživjele najveći procvat u rimsko doba od 1. do 4. stoljeća. Poznate su po termalnom lječilištu i rimskim iskopinama. Moderni hotel Minerva pruža velike mogućnosti za sport i rekreaciju. Trakošćan je biser Hrvatskog zagorja i jedan od najljepših dvoraca Hrvatske, smješten na visokom čunjastom brežuljku u pitomom kraju, okružen šumama, livadama i obroncima okolnih gora. Dvorac Maruševec ističe se svojom ljepotom i privlačnošću kao jedan od najljepših dragulja Hrvatskog Zagorja, uz bok dvoraca Trakošćan i Veliki Tabor. Arboretum Opeka, uz barokni dvorac i perivoj, po bogatstvu i značaju zauzima prvo mjesto među arboretumima u Hrvatskoj. Grad Lepoglava, smješten unutar slikovitog zagorskog pejzaža u dolini rijeke Bednje, kolijevka je znanosti, umjetnosti i kulture koju su stvarali pavlini u Hrvatskoj. Najvažnija ženska rukotvorina u Lepoglavi je čipka koja se ubraja među najljepše u Europi. Ažurirano: 13. lipnja 2011.