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When Descartes was born in 1596, Europe was undergoing a major revolution in the sciences. Galileo was using the telescope in 1610 to detect the phases of Venus and published in the same year, a work called The Messenger of the Stars in which he realized the discovery of four satellites around Jupiter. This, together with many others, clashed with the Ptolemaic astronomy, according to which all the stars revolved around the Earth. Europe Descartes was still, however, under the effect of the long medieval tradition that for centuries have valued the theo logical studies at the expense of natural phenomena. What might have led the Church for so long delay the progress of scientific knowledge? According to the physicist and historian of science Marcelo Gleiser, to understand this fact is to understand the political context that has formed since the fourth century AD We must remember that the Church has always been a guardian, in the literal sense, all the knowledge that was transmido the ancients. But this zeal also prevented modern theories earned space and threaten traditional knowledge. The Cartesian thought not without colliding with this panorama. His physical , for example, says that the two main concepts of the universe are "raw" and "movement." There for Descartes, as he had for Catholic theologians and Aristotelian, some kind of purpose in the world, ie, the meaning and function prior defined by some divine intelligence. The biology Cartesian also conflicts with the description of the medieval man. For Descartes the human body has the structure of a machine working in perfect harmony as a clock. For medieval what moves the body is the soul, but Descartes does not accept it. For him, the body must be explained from its physical structure: veins, blood circulation, brain, muscles, limbs, etc.. It is a revolution that perplexed his time. The body in Descartes ceased to be a receptacle of the spirit to become a complex mechanism within the reach of human understanding and study.
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Kad Descartes je rođen u 1596, Europa prolazi kroz veliku revoluciju u znanosti. Galileo je uz pomoć teleskopa u 1610 za otkrivanje faze Venere, a objavljen je u istoj godini, rad pod nazivom glasnik zvijezdama u kojem je shvatio o otkriću četiri satelita oko Jupitera. To, zajedno s mnogim drugima, sukobili su se s Ptolemejevića astronomiju, prema kojoj su sve zvijezde kreću oko Zemlje. Europa Descartes je još uvijek, međutim, pod utjecajem dugoj tradiciji srednjovjekovnog koje su stoljećima cijenjena teorijske logičke studij na trošak od prirodnih pojava. Što bi doveli Crkvu tako dugo odgoditi napredak znanstvene spoznaje? Prema fizičaru i povjesničar znanosti Marcelo Gleiser, razumjeti ovu činjenicu je razumjeti politički kontekst koji je formiran od četvrtog stoljeća poslije Krista Moramo se sjetiti da je Crkva uvijek bila skrbnik, u doslovnom smislu, sve znanje koje je bilo transmido Drevni. Ali to ljubomora i spriječiti moderne teorije zaradio prostor i prijete tradicionalna znanja. Kartezijanska pak nije bez sudaranja s ovom panorama. Njegovi fizike, primjerice, navodi da su dva glavna koncepta svemiru su "sirovi" i "pokret". Tu za Descartesa, kao što je on imao za katoličkih teologa i Aristotelove, neke vrste svrhu u svijetu, odnosno, značenje i funkciju prije definiran nekom božanskom inteligencije. Biologija Kartezijev također sukobi s opisom srednjovjekovnog čovjeka. Za Descartesa ljudsko tijelo ima strukturu stroj radi u savršenoj harmoniji kao sat. Za srednjovjekovnog što pomiče tijelo je duša, ali Descartes ne prihvati. Za njega, tijelo mora biti objašnjeno na njegove fizičke strukture: vene, cirkulaciju krvi, mozak, mišići, udova, itd.. To je revolucija koja zbunjeno njegovo vrijeme. Tijelo je u Descartesa prestao biti posuda duha postati složen mehanizam unutar dosega ljudskog razumijevanja i učenja.