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Watt, from studies machine Newcomen separated water reservoir piston at low temperature steam used to cool andcondense it, keeping it always at a high temperature, saving thus fuel. In the machine Watt Figure 2, the water is converted into steam in the boiler by the heat transferred through the heat source. This steam moves the piston (thermal energy is transformed into mechanical energy) and the unused steam is transformed into water again, yielding heat to the cold source, restarting the process. Fig 2: Representation of the machine watt (adapted from PINE AND ANDRADE. During the IV to XIII centuries in Western Europe, most of the work was performed by animal traction. In the XV to XVIII centuries in Western Europe, the machines moved by the force of water or winds influenced the development of the means of production. These changes were gradually settling down and had a great importance in the changing relationship between capital and labor. From the late eighteenth century theBritish began to use the machines in the thermal development of mining industries. It is evident that no industrial economy candevelop beyond a certain point it does not have adequate capacity in capital goods. Fortunately these disadvantages less affected mining, which was primarily coal as the coal had the advantage of not only the main source of energy industrial nineteenth century as an important household fuel, thanks in large part to the relative scarcity of forests inBritain. The growth of cities, especially London, had caused a rapid expansion of coal mining since the late sixteenth century. By the early eighteenth century, the coal industry was substantially a modern primitive, even using the latest steam engines (designed for similar purposes in metal mining, nonferrous metals, especially in Cornwall) in pumping processes. Therefore, the coal mining hardly demanded or suffered a major technological revolution, his innovations were improvements before the transformations that production. But his ability was already immense and, by world standards, astronomical. (Adapted from HOBSBAWM, 2005)
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Watt, iz studija rublja Newcomen odvojeni klip vodosprema na niske temperature pare koristi da se ohladi ikondenzira se, imajući to na visokoj temperaturi, čime se štedi gorivo. Na slici stroja W 2, voda se pretvara u paru u kotlu kroz topline dalo od izvora topline. Ovo parom pomiče klip (toplinska energija pretvara u mehaničku energiju), a neiskorišteni para se pretvara u vodu opet, popustljiv topline na hladnom izvoru, ponovnog pokretanja procesa. Slika 2: Zastupljenost stroja vatu (prilagođena iz bor i Andrade U: ROCHA, 2002, str 152..) Tijekom IV XIII stoljeća u Zapadnoj Europi, najveći dio posla obavila životinja vuče. U XV do XVIII stoljeća u Zapadnoj Europi, strojevi dirnut snagu vode ili vjetrova utjecali na razvoj sredstava za proizvodnju. Ove promjene su se postupno smiriti i imao veliku važnost u promjeni odnosa između kapitala i rada. Od kasnog osamnaestog stoljećaBritanija počela koristiti strojeve u termalnom razvoju rudarske industrije. Očito je da svjetska ekonomija ne možerazvijati iznad određene točke ne imati adekvatne kapacitete u kapitalna dobra. Fortunately ovi nedostaci manje pogođeni rudarstvu, koji je prije svega ugljena kao ugljena imao prednost ne samo glavni izvor energije industrijske devetnaestog stoljeća kao važan kućanstva goriva, zahvaljujući velikim dijelom na relativnu Nedostatak šuma uVelikoj Britaniji. Rast gradova, posebice Londona, izazvao brzo širenje coal mining od kraja šesnaestog stoljeća. Do početka osamnaestog stoljeća, industrija ugljena je znatno moderni primitivni, čak i koristeći najnovije parne strojeve (dizajniran za slične namjene u rudarstvu odobojenih metala, posebno u Cornwallu) u crpne procese. Dakle, rudarstva jedva zahtijevao ili pretrpio veliku tehnološku revoluciju, njegove inovacije su poboljšanja pred promjenama koje proizvodnje. No, njegova sposobnost je već ogromna, a, prema svjetskim standardima, astronomska. (Preuzeto iz Hobsbawm, 2005)