http___mapnall.com_hr_Zemljovid-Nizozemska_1072729.html_1.xml
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The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, consisting of twelve provinces in North-West Europe and three islands in the Caribbean. The European part of the Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders with Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom. It is a parliamentary democracy organised as a unitary state. The capital is Amsterdam and the seat of government is The Hague. The Netherlands in its entirety is often referred to as "Holland", although North and South Holland are actually only two of its provinces. The Netherlands is a geographically low-lying country, with about 20% of its area and 21% of its population located below sea level, and 50% of its land lying less than one metre above sea level. This distinct feature contributes to the country's name: in Dutch (Nederland), English, and in many other European languages, its name literally means "(The) Low Countries" or "Low Country". Most of the areas below sea level are man-made, caused by centuries of extensive and poorly controlled peat extraction, lowering the surface by several metres. Even in flooded areas peat extraction continued through turf dredging. From the late 16th century land reclamation started and large polder areas are now preserved through elaborate drainage systems with dikes, canals and pumping stations. Much of the Netherlands is formed by the estuary of three important European rivers, which together with their distributaries form the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta. Most of the country is very flat, with the exception of foothills in the far south-east and several low hill ranges in the central parts. The Netherlands was one of the first countries to have an elected parliament, and the country is a founding member of the EU, G-10, NATO, OECD, WTO and a part of the trilateral Benelux economic union. The Netherlands had the tenth-highest per capita income in the world in 2011. The country is host to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and five international courts: the Permanent Court of Arbitration, the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, the International Criminal Court and the Special Tribunal for Lebanon. The first four are situated in The Hague, as is the EU's criminal intelligence agency Europol and judicial co-operation agency Eurojust. This has led to the city being dubbed "the world's legal capital". The Netherlands has a market-based mixed economy, ranking 17th of 177 countries according to the Index of Economic Freedom. In May 2011, the Netherlands was ranked as the "happiest" country according to results published by the OECD.
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Nizozemska je zemlja koja čini dio Kraljevine Nizozemske. Nalazi se u Zapadnoj Europi a graniči s Njemačkom na istoku i Belgijom na jugu. Glavni grad Nizozemske je Amsterdam a sjedište vlade je u Haagu. Karipski otoci Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, te Saba također čine dio posebne općinske jedinice unutar zemlje. Nizozemska ima 16,669.112 stanovnika na površini od 41,526 km² što je čini jednom od najgušće naseljenijih država (401 stanovnik po km²). Oko 18% površine sačinjava voda a veliki dio zemlje se nalazi ispod razine mora. Zemlja je zaštićena od vode pomoću sustava nasipa te raznih odvoda. Melioracijom tla stvaraju se polderi. Upravno je zemlja podijeljena u dvanaest provincija. Nizozemska postaje neovisna država za vrijeme Osamdesetogodišnjeg rata (1568-1648) ustankom sjevernih i južnih Niskih Zemalja protiv španjolske vlasti. 1579. dolazi do stvaranja Utrechtške unije na sjeveru čime nastaje novi politički entitet. Aktom od Verlatinghe 1581. godine članice unije formalno deklariraju neovisnost pod zajedničkim nazivom Republika Sedam Ujedinjenih Niskih Zemalja. Početkom Dvanaestgodišnjeg mira oko 1609. godine zemlja dobiva i međunarodno priznanje dok ju Španjolska priznaje krajem Osamdesetgodišnjeg rata 1648. godine nakon mira u Münsteru. Od 1795. godine se Nizozemska počinje razvijati u nacionalnu državu, isprva kao Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo Niskih Zemalja 1815. koje se raspada Belgijskom revolucijom 1830. godine. Danas je Nizozemska jedna od najrazvijenijih zemalja i drži deveto mjesto u svijetu u BDP-u po stanovniku (2011) te treće mjesto u ljudskom razvojnom indeksu (2011). Nizozemska ekonomija se većim dijelom zasniva na uslužnome sektoru te međunarodnoj trgovini. Nizozemska je od 1848. godine parlamentarna demokracija i ustavna monarhija, društveni poredak kod kojeg moć dijele kralj(ica), ministri i parlament. Nizozemska je jedan od suosnivača Europske unije, NATO saveza te Svjetske trgovinske organizacije. Zajedno sa Belgijom i Luksemburgom sačinjava Benelux. Haag igra veliku međunarodnu ulogu na polju pravosuđa kao lokacija četiriju međunarodnih tribunala i dom Europola.