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Cholecystitis acute and chronic Gastroenterology / / May 11, 2016 Cholecystitis video Cholecystitis - an inflammation of the gallbladder, which occurs most often due to obstruction of the cystic duct due to gallstones. The gallbladder is a sac located under the liver. It stores bile, which is produced in the liver. Bile helps the gut digest fats. 90% of cases of cholecystitis associated with stones in the bile duct (eg, calculous cholecystitis), the remaining 10% of cases are calculous cholecystitis. Distinguish acute and chronic cholecystitis. cholecystitis The incidence increases with age. The physiological explanation of gallstone disease incidence rate in the elderly is unclear. Increased incidence in older men was associated with a change in androgen-estrogen ratios. Gallstones occur in women 2-3 times more often than men, which leads to a higher frequency of calculous cholecystitis in women. Elevated levels of progesterone during pregnancy can lead to stagnation of bile, resulting in higher rates of gallbladder disease develops in pregnant women. Cholecys Chronic cholecystitis Chronic cholecystitis swelling, irritation and inflammation of the gallbladder that persists for a long time. Chronic cholecystitis is usually caused by repeated attacks of acute cholecystitis. Most of these attacks are caused by gallstones in the gallbladder. These attacks cause a thickening of the walls of the gallbladder dysmotility, inflammatory changes in the gallbladder or bile ducts. Over time, the gallbladder is less able to store and release bile, a so-called bile stasis, followed by its condensation and the formation of calculi (stones). Chronic cholecystitis can be catarrhal and purulent. In the form of catarrhal cholecystitis, gallbladder wall thickening, compacted, sclerosing, mucosa atrophy. When purulent cholecystitis involved in all sectors of the gallbladder wall: formed abscesses - sources of new exacerbations of chronic cholecystitis. At relapse of the disease observed vascular congestion, feeding the gallbladder wall, its swelling. The mucous membrane is thickened, with polypoid changes in some areas and covered with sores. The latter, filled with connective tissue, forming scar deformity. Sometimes formed adhesions with neighboring organs, a condition called pericholecystitis. Causes of chronic cholecystitis and risk factors Risk factors for calculous cholecystitis (cholecystitis with the presence of gallstones in the bladder) are similar to the causes of gallstones and include the following: - Female floor - Some ethnic groups - Obesityor rapid weight loss - Medicines (especially hormonal therapy in women) - Pregnancy - Increasing age - Hereditary factor acalculous cholecystitis associated with the stagnation of bile in the gallbladder, consists of the following risk factors: - Diseases such as diabetesdiabetes, heart disease, including myocardial infarction, cardiovascular complications - Consequences of surgery or severe trauma or burns - Sepsis - Long-term parenteral nutrition - Prolonged fasting - Sickle cell anemia - Salmonellosis - AIDS patients who havecytomegalovirus, cryptosporidiosis, or microsporidiosis - Weakened immune system and exhaustion - Improper diet, the prevalence in the diet of fatty, high-calorie foods and foods rich in cholesterol - Sedentary lifestyle Symptoms of chronic cholecystitis - Pain in the right upper quadrantabdomen. It may be acute, episodic, lasting less than 60 seconds and cramping, lasting from 1 to 72 hours. The pain can be constant and dull in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen without irradiation. The intensity of pain depends on the severity of inflammation in the presence of the gall bladder and dyskinesia. Dyskinesia on hypotonic type provides constant pain and gently, with dyskinesia of hypertensive type appears sharp pain paroxysmal character, reminiscent of biliary colic. The pain shifted to the right lumbar region, and the right shoulder blade. - The bitterness in the mouth; - Often intolerance of fatty and fried foods; - Increased gas separation; - Abdominal distension (flatulence); - Gallstones and thickened gallbladder wall, always determined by ultrasound; - Fever; - Belching; - Nausea and vomiting; - Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes; - Feces clay-colored; - Increased number of white blood cell count, increased ESR. diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis Typically, diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis is quite simple. Diagnosis is based on patient complaints, survey data and laboratory studies. Laboratory studies include: - Physical examination - abdominal ultrasound - CT abdominal cavity - Review radiography - Scintigraphy of the gallbladder (HIDA-scan) - cholangiogram - Blood tests (general analysis, amylase indicatorsand lipase) - study of bile by the chromatic fractional duodenal intubation Treatment of chronic cholecystitis chronic calculous cholecystitis and its complicated forms are treated surgically. Surgery to remove the gallbladder is called a cholecystectomy. Most often done laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This operation is without surgical incisions, which contributes to more rapid recovery. Patients usually go home from the hospital the day of surgery, or the next morning. open cholecystectomy requires a larger incision in the upper right abdomen. conservatively treat uncomplicated nekalkulezny cholecystitis. The purpose of conservative treatment is the elimination of the inflammatory process, the fight against the stagnation of bile and biliary dyskinesia. main part of conservative treatment is rest and light diet. As a rule, appointed by antibiotics and sulfa drugs for 2-3 weeks. If there is dyskinesia on hypotonic type, then prescribe holetsistokinetikami (magnesium sulfate, Carlsbad salt, olive oil, gipofizin, sorbitol, xylitol, and others.).appoint choleretic (Holagol, holosas, allohol) When dyskinesia of hypertensive type, antispasmodics (atropine, belladonna preparations, no-spa, platifillin et al.). When mixed forms of dyskinesia recommend cholagogue vegetable - broth of corn stigmas, syrup or broth hips, as well as a sedative - valerian, motherwort, bromine. Small gallstones may be dissolved drugs chenodeoxycholic acid or ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursofalk, Ursosan). This treatment can take two years or more, and stones may reappear after treatment. It is important to note that this therapy is effective only in the presence of cholesterol gallstones. Effective duodenal intubation, tubeless tyubazh, alkaline mineral waters (Essentuki, etc.). can be assigned to physical therapy, such as diathermy, UHF, ultrasound, mud, ozocerite, paraffin baths in the area of the gall bladder, radon and hydrogen sulfide baths. Patients shown and spa treatment at resorts Essentuki, Borjomi, Zheleznovodsk and others. Prediction (expectations) chronic cholecystitis Cholecystectomy is a common procedure with low risk. Uncomplicated cholecystitis has an excellent prognosis, with very low mortality. Most patients with acute cholecystitis have complete recovery within 1-4 days. However, 25-30% of patients, or require surgery or have some complications. When complications such as perforation, the prognosis is less favorable. Perforation occurs in 10-15% of cases. Complications of chronic cholecystitis - Cancer of the gallbladder (rarely) - Jaundice - Pancreatitis - Deterioration of the general state of Prevention of chronic cholecystitis - sparing diet and a change of diet - Fighting obesity - Early treatment of diseases of the abdominal cavity - Timely complete and effective treatment of acute cholecystitis - Prevention of constipation - Moderate physical activity. Acute cholecystitis Acute cholecystitis - is a sudden inflammation of the gallbladder accompanied by severe abdominal pain. In 90% of cases, acute cholecystitis is caused by gallstones in the gallbladder. Other causes include severe illness and rarely tumors of the gallbladder. Acute cholecystitis can occur at stagnation of bile in the gallbladder. Accumulation of bile causes irritation and pressure increase in the gall bladder. This may lead to infection and perforations (gap) in the body. Acute cholecystitis may be catarrhal and destructive. The destructive cholecystitis, in turn, divided into purulent, abscess, ulcer-phlegmonous, diphtheritic and gangrenous. Causes of acute cholecystitis and risk factors Causes of acute cholecystitis are similar to the causes of and risk factors for chronic cholecystitis. - stones in the gall bladder. There are two main types of gallstones. The first type of stones from cholesterol stones, which are by far the most common type. Cholesterol gallstones do not have anything to do with cholesterol levels in the blood. The second type of stones, stones of bilirubin is produced when red blood cells are destroyed (hemolysis). This leads to high levels of bilirubin in the bile. These stones are called as pigment stones. - Gender and age. The stones are more common in women and people over 40 years. - Hereditary factor. - Diabetes. - Pregnancy. - stagnation of bile in the gallbladder. - Cirrhosis of the liver and biliary tract (pigmented stones). -High level of bilirubin caused by chronic hemolytic anemia, including sickle-cell anemia. - Rapid weight loss from a very low calorie diet, or after surgery for obesity. Symptoms of acute cholecystitis Most people with gallstones never had any symptoms. Gallstones are often found during a routine X-ray or ultrasound, abdominal surgery or other medical procedures. However, if large stones are in the cystic duct or common bile duct (choledocholithiasis), you may have cramping pain in the middle of the right upper abdomen. This is known as biliary colic. Pain passes if the stone passes into the first part of the small intestine. main symptoms that can occur in acute cholecystitis: - Pain in the right upper or middle upper abdomen. It can be a constant, sharp, cramping, give in the back or under the right shoulder blade. - Fever and fever. - Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice) - of clay (gray) color of the chair. - Nausea and vomiting. It is very important to consult a doctor if you have symptoms of stones in the gallbladder. diagnosis of acute cholecystitis Studies conducted to detect gallstones or inflammation of the gall, bladder usually include: - Physical examination of the abdomen - abdominal ultrasound - CT abdominal cavity - Endoscopic Retrogradecholangiopancreatography City radiography using contrast media (cholecystography, cholegraphy, cholangiography, and tseliako- gepatografiya) - Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography - Percutaneous retrograde cholangiography - Radioisotope study (radioholetsistografiya, scintigraphy) - Laparoscopy allows you to visually assess the state of the walls of the gallbladder - blood tests for bilirubin, amylase and lipase - Complete blood count - liver function tests - pancreatic enzymes. Treatment of acute cholecystitis Surgery. In general, patients who have symptoms of acute cholecystitis need surgery either immediately or after a period of time. Currently, the most commonly used laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This procedure is carried out without surgical incisions, which promotes rapid recovery of the patient. In the past, even in the simplest cases, to conduct an open cholecystectomy - removal of the gallbladder through an incision in the abdomen. This is done now, but this is done less frequently. Conservative treatment. In case of small stones of cholesterol can be effectively treated preparations chenodeoxycholic acid or ursodeoxycholic acid, which is capable of dissolving cholesterol gallstones. However, such a treatment can last for about 2 years and more, and you are not insured by the reappearance of stones after the end of treatment. In some cases, antibiotics are needed to fight infection. In rare cases, chemicals are transferred into the gallbladder through a catheter. They quickly dissolve cholesterol stones. This medication is not used very often, because the procedure is burdensome, and the chemicals are highly toxic. Lithotripsy. Remote shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) of the gallbladder is also used in some cases, if there are conditions that prevent implementation intracavitary surgery. Related Articles: - Removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) - gallbladder cancer: causes, symptoms, stages, treatment - obstruction of the bile ducts - Cancer of the bile duct (Cholangiocarcinoma) - Diet fordiseases of the liver and biliary tract Prediction (expectations) acute cholecystitis Gallstones develop in many people without causing symptoms. The probability of the symptoms or complications from gallstones is low. Almost all patients who have undergone surgery for gallstones, no longer experiencing symptoms, unless symptoms have been caused only by gallstones. Complications of acute cholecystitis Obstruction of the cystic duct or common bile duct by gallstones can cause the following problems: - Acute cholecystitis - cholangitis - Chronic cholecystitis - Choledocholithiasis - common bile duct stones - Pancreatitis - peritonitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the abdomen - Empyema (pus in the gallbladder) - Gangrene of the gallbladder - bile duct injury during cholecystectomy. prevention of acute cholecystitis Unfortunately, the formation of stones in the gall bladder can not be completely prevented. However, preventive measures can reduce the probability of their occurrence and development of acute and chronic cholecystitis. Prevention of acute and chronic cholecystitis is identical.
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Kolecistitis akutne i kronične Gastroenterologija / / August 12, 2017 Kolecistitis Video Kolecistitis - upala žučnog mjehura, koja se javlja najčešće zbog opstrukcije cistične kanal zbog žučnih kamenaca.Žučni mjehur je sac nalazi ispod jetre.Ona pohranjuje žuč, koji se proizvodi u jetri.Bile pomaže crijevnu probaviti masti. 90% slučajeva Kolecistitis povezane s kamenjem u žučovoda (npr calculous Kolecistitis), preostalih 10% slučajeva su calculous Kolecistitis. razlikovati akutnu i kroničnu kolecistitisa. Kolecistitis incidencija raste s dobi.Fiziološka objašnjenje stopu incidencije žučnih kamenaca bolesti u starijih osoba je nejasno.Povećana učestalost kod starijih muškaraca bila je povezana s promjenom omjera androgen-estrogena. Gallstones se javljaju u žena 2-3 puta češće nego muškarci, što dovodi do veće učestalosti calculous Kolecistitis u žena.Povišene razine progesterona tijekom trudnoće može dovesti do stagnacije žuči, što rezultira višim cijenama od žučnog mjehura bolest razvija u trudnica.Kolecistitis bez kamenja su češći kod starijih muškaraca.Gla Kronični kolecistitis Kronični kolecistitis otekline, iritacija i upala žučnog mjehura koja traje već duže vrijeme. Kronični kolecistitis obično je uzrokovana ponavljanih napadaja akutnog kolecistitisa.Većina tih napada su uzrokovane žučnih kamenaca u žučnom mjehuru.Ti napadi uzrokuju zadebljanje stijenke žučnog mjehura pokretnosti žuči, upalnih promjena u žučni mjehur ili žučnih vodova.Tijekom vremena, žučni mjehur je manje u stanju pohraniti i objaviti žuč, tzv žuč zastoj, a nakon njene kondenzacije i stvaranja kamenaca (kamenja). Kronični kolecistitis može biti katara i gnojni.U obliku catarrhal kolecistitis, žučnog mjehura debljine stijenke, zbijenog, sklerozirajući, sluzi atrofije.Kad gnojni Kolecistitis sudjeluje u svim sektorima žučnog mjehura zid: nastaju apscesi - izvora novih egzacerbacije kroničnog Kolecistitis.Na ponovne pojave bolesti primijetio vaskularne zagušenja, hranjenje žučnog mjehura zid, njegov otekline.Sluznica je zadebljana, uz Polipoidne promjene u nekim područjima i prekriven ranama.Potonji, ispunjen vezivnog tkiva, formiranje ožiljak deformiteta.Ponekad formirana priraslica sa susjednim organima, stanje koje se naziva pericholecystitis. Uzroci kroničnog Kolecistitis i faktori rizika faktori rizika za calculous Kolecistitis (Kolecistitis uz prisutnost žučnih kamenaca u mjehuru) su slične uzroke žučnih kamenaca, a uključuju sljedeće: - Ženski katu - neke etničke grupe - Pretilostili brzog mršavljenja - Lijekovi (pogotovo hormonska terapija u žena) - Trudnoća - Povećanje dobi - nasljedni faktor acalculous kolecistitis povezana s stagnacije žuči u žučnom mjehuru, sastoji se od sljedećih faktora rizika: - bolesti poput dijabetesadijabetes, bolesti srca, uključujući infarkt miokarda, kardiovaskularne komplikacije - posljedice operacije ili teškim ili traume izgorjeti - Sepsa - Dugoročna parenteralna prehrana - Dugotrajno gladovanje - anemija srpastih stanica - salmoneloze - AIDS pacijenata koji imajucitomegalovirus, kriptosporidioze ili microsporidiosis - oslabljeni imunološki sustav i iscrpljenosti - nepravilne prehrane, prevalencija u prehrani masnih, visoko-kaloričnu hranu i namirnice bogate kolesterola - sjedilački način života Simptomi kroničnog kolecistitis - bol u desnom gornjem kvadrantutrbuh.Može biti akutna, epizodna, traje manje od 60 sekundi i grčeve u trajanju od 1 do 72 sata.Bol može biti konstantna i tupa se u gornjem desnom kvadrantu trbuha bez zračenja.Intenzitet boli ovisi o ozbiljnosti upale u prisutnosti žuči i diskineziju.Diskinezije na hipotoničnom tipa osigurava stalnu bol i nježno, s diskinezije hipertenzivne tipa pojavljuje oštra bol paroksismalne lik, podsjeća bilijarne kolike.Bol pomaknut na desnoj lumbalnoj regiji i desne lopatice. - Gorčina u ustima; - Često nepodnošenje masne i pržene hrane; - Povećana odvajanje plina; - Abdominalna rastezanje (nadutost); - Žučni kamenci i zadebljana žučnog mjehura zid, uvijek određuje ultrazvuka; - groznica; - Podrigivanje; - Mučnina i povraćanje; - žuta boja kože i bjeloočnica; - Fekalije gline u boji; - Povećan broj bijelih krvnih stanica, povećan ESR. dijagnoza kronične kolecistitis Tipično, dijagnoza kronične Kolecistitis je vrlo jednostavna.Dijagnoza se temelji na pritužbe pacijenata, podatke istraživanja i laboratorijska ispitivanja. Laboratorijska istraživanja su: - fizikalni pregled - ultrazvuk trbuha - CT trbušne šupljine - Pregled radiografija - scintigrafija žučnog mjehura (Hida-scan) - cholangiogram - Krvni testovi (opća analiza, pokazatelja amilazei lipaze) - studija žuči od kromatske frakcijskom dvanaesnika intubaciju liječenje kroničnih kolecistitis kroničnim calculous Kolecistitis i njegove komplicirane oblike liječe kirurški.Kirurgija za uklanjanje žučnog mjehura naziva se kolecistektomija.Najčešće učinio laparoscopic kolecistektomija.Ova je operacija bez kirurških zahvata, što doprinosi bržem oporavku.Pacijenti obično idu kući iz bolnice, dan operacije, ili sljedećeg jutra. otvorena kolecistektomija zahtijeva veći rez nalazi u gornjem desnom dijelu trbuha. konzervativno liječenje nekompliciranih nekalkulezny kolecistitisa.Svrha konzervativnog liječenja je uklanjanje upalnog procesa, borba protiv stagnacije žuči i žučnog diskinezije. glavni dio konzervativnog liječenja je ostalo i svjetlo dijeta.U pravilu, imenuje antibiotika i sulfa lijekova za 2-3 tjedna.Ako je diskinezija o hipotoničnom tipa, onda propisati holetsistokinetikami (magnezijev sulfat, Carlsbad sol, maslinovo ulje, gipofizin, sorbitol, ksilitol, i drugi.).imenuje choleretic (Holagol, holosas, allohol) Kad diskinezije hipertenzivne tipa, antispasmotika (atropin, Belladonna pripremama, no-spa, platifillin i dr.).Kad miješani oblici diskinezije preporučiti cholagogue povrće - juha od kukuruza stigme, sirup ili juha kukova, kao sedativ - valerijane, Motherwort, brom. Mali žučni kamenci mogu se otopiti droge kcnodczoksiholna kisele ili ursodeoxycholic kiseline (Ursofalk, Ursosan).Ovaj tretman može potrajati dvije ili više godina, a kamenje se može vratiti nakon tretmana.Važno je napomenuti da je ova terapija je učinkovita samo u prisutnosti kolesterola žučnih kamenaca. Učinkovito dvanaesniku intubacija, bez unutrašnje gume tyubazh, alkalne mineralne vode (essentuki, itd.) mogu biti dodijeljena na fizikalnu terapiju, kao što dijatermija, UHF, ultrazvuk, blato, ozokerit, parafinski kade u području žučnog mjehura, radon i sumporovodika kupke. Pacijenti su prikazani i tretman kod naselja essentuki, Borjomi, Zheleznovodsk i drugi. Predviđanja (očekivanja) kronični kolecistitis kolecistektomija je čest postupak s niskim rizikom. Jednostavan Kolecistitis ima izvrsnu prognozu, uz vrlo nisku smrtnost.Većina bolesnika s akutnim Kolecistitis imati potpuni oporavak u roku od 1-4 dana.Međutim, 25-30% bolesnika, ili je potrebna operacija ili imaju neke komplikacije.Kad komplikacije kao što su perforacije, prognoza je nepovoljnija.Perforacija javlja u 10-15% slučajeva. Komplikacije kronični kolecistitis - Rak žučnog mjehura (rijetko) - Žutica - Pankreatitis - pogoršanje općeg stanja prevenciji kroničnih kolecistitis - štede prehrane i promjenom prehrane - Borba protiv pretilosti - Rano liječenje bolesti trbušne šupljine - Pravovremeno kompletan i učinkovit tretman akutne kolecistitis - sprječavaju zatvor - umjerena fizička aktivnost. Akutni kolecistitis Akutni kolecistitis - je iznenadna upala žučnog mjehura u pratnji jakih bolova u trbuhu. U 90% slučajeva, akutni kolecistitis je uzrokovan kamencima u žučni mjehur.Ostali uzroci uključuju tešku bolest i rijetko tumora žučnjaka.Akutni kolecistitis može pojaviti u stagnacije žuči u žučni mjehur.Akumulacija žuči izaziva iritacije i tlaka porast u žučnom mjehuru.To može dovesti do infekcije i perforacijama (GAP) u tijelu. Akutni kolecistitis može biti katara i destruktivno.Destruktivni kolecistitis, pak, podijeljena u gnojnim, apsces, čir-phlegmonous, difterički i gangrenozno. Uzroci akutne Kolecistitis i faktori rizika uzroci akutnog kolecistitisa slični uzrocima i čimbenicima rizika za kronični kolecistitis. - kamenje u žuči.Postoje dvije glavne vrste žučnih kamenaca.Prva vrsta kamenja iz kolesterola kamenja, koje su daleko najčešći tip.Kolesterol žučni kamenci nemaju nikakve veze s razinama kolesterola u krvi.Druga vrsta kamenja, kamenja bilirubina nastaje kada se crvene krvne stanice su uništene (hemolizu).To dovodi do visoke razine bilirubina u žuči.To kamenje su pozvani kao pigment kamenja. - Spol i dob.Kamenje su češći kod žena i osoba starijih od 40 godina. - nasljedni faktor. - Dijabetes. - Trudnoća. - stagnacija žuč u žučni mjehur. - ciroze jetre i bilijarnog trakta (pigmentirane kamenjem). -Visoka razina bilirubina uzrokovane kroničnom hemolitička anemija, uključujući i anemija srpastih stanica. - naglog mršavljenja od vrlo niske kalorijske dijeta, ili nakon operacije za pretilost. Simptomi akutne kolecistitis Većina ljudi s kamencima nikad nije imala nikakve simptome.Žučni kamenci često nalaze tijekom rutinskog X-ray ili ultrazvuk, abdominalne operacije ili drugih medicinskih postupaka. Međutim, ako veliki kamenje u cistične kanal ili zajedničkog žučovoda (choledocholithiasis), možda imate grčeve bol u sredini desnom gornjem dijelu trbuha.To je poznato kao bilijarne kolike.Bol prolazi ako je kamen prolazi u prvom dijelu tankog crijeva. glavni simptomi koji se mogu pojaviti u akutnoj Kolecistitis: - Bol u desnom gornjem ili srednjem dijelu trbuha.To može biti stalna, oštar, grčevi, dati u leđa ili ispod desne lopatice. - groznica i temperatura. - žuta boja kože i bjeloočnica (žutica) - gline (sive) boje stolice. - Mučnina i povraćanje. Vrlo je važno da se obratite liječniku ako imate simptome kamenaca u žučnom mjehuru. dijagnoza akutne Kolecistitis studije provedene za otkrivanje žučnih kamenaca ili upale žuči, mjehura obično uključuju: - Tjelesni pregled trbuha - ultrazvuk trbuha - CT trbušne šupljine - endoskopska retrogradnacholangiopancreatography Grad radiografija pomoću kontrastnih sredstava (cholecystography, cholegraphy, biligrafiju i tseliako- gepatografiya) - Magnetska rezonanca cholangiopancreatography - Perkutana retrogradna biligrafiju - Radio izotope studija (radioholetsistografiya, scintigrafija) - laparoskopija omogućuje vizualno procijeniti stanje zidova žučnog mjehura - krvne testove za bilirubin, amilaze i lipaze - kompletna krvna slika - jetrenih testova - enzima gušterače. Liječenje akutnog kolecistitis kirurgiju. Općenito, bolesnici koji imaju simptome akutne kolecistitis potrebno operacije ili odmah ili nakon nekog vremenskog razdoblja.Trenutno, najčešće se koristi laparoscopic kolecistektomija.Taj postupak provodi bez kirurških zahvata koji promovira brz oporavak pacijenta.U prošlosti, čak iu najjednostavnijim slučajevima, provesti otvoreni kolecistektomija - uklanjanje žučnjaka kroz rez u trbuhu.To je učinio i sada, ali to nije toliko često. Konzervativno liječenje. u slučaju malih kamenaca kolesterola može se učinkovito liječiti Pripreme kcnodczoksiholna kiseline ili ursodeoxycholic kiselinu, koja je u stanju otopiti žučnih kamenaca kolesterola.Međutim, takav tretman može trajati oko 2 godine i više, a nisu osigurani po ponovne pojave kamenaca nakon završetka liječenja.U nekim slučajevima, antibiotici su potrebni za borbu protiv infekcije. U rijetkim slučajevima, kemikalije se prenosi u žučni mjehur kroz kateter.Oni su se brzo otapaju kolesterola kamenje.Ovaj lijek se ne koristi često, jer je postupak opterećenje i kemikalije su visoko toksični. litotripsija. Daljinski shock-wave litotripsija (ESWL) i žučni mjehur se također koristi u nekim slučajevima, ako postoje uvjeti da se spriječi provedba intrakavitamog operaciju. Vezani članci: - Uklanjanje žučnog mjehura (kolecistektomija) - raka žučnjaka: uzroci, simptomi, faze, liječenje - opstrukcija žučnih vodova - raka žučovoda (kolangiokarcinom) - Dijeta zabolesti jetre i bilijarnog trakta Predviđanja (očekivanja) akutni kolecistitis gallstones razvijati u mnogim ljudima ne uzrokuje simptome.Vjerojatnost simptoma ili komplikacija od žučnih kamenaca je niska.Gotovo svi pacijenti koji su bili podvrgnuti operaciji za žučnih kamenaca, više se ne pojave simptomi, osim ako simptomi su uzrokovane samo kamencima. Komplikacije akutni kolecistitis opstrukcije cistične kanal ili zajedničkog žučovoda strane žučnih kamenaca može uzrokovati sljedeće probleme: - akutna Kolecistitis - kolangitis - Kronični kolecistitis - Choledocholithiasis - zajednički žučovoda kamenje - pankreatitis - peritonitis - upala sluznice abdomenu - Empijem (gnoj u žučni mjehur) - gangrena od žučnog mjehura - žučovoda ozljede tijekom kolecistektomije. prevenciju akutnih kolecistitis Nažalost, formiranje kamena u žuči ne može u potpunosti spriječiti.Međutim, preventivne mjere mogu smanjiti vjerojatnost njihovog nastanka i razvoja akutne i kronične Kolecistitis.Sprječavanje akutne i kronične kolecistitis je identičan.