http___metro-portal.hr_danas-je-svjetski-dan-borbe-protiv-aids-a_81901_1.xml
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December is International AIDS Awareness Month, which gives us the opportunity to provide updates and clear up some of the myths that surround this disease. Acquired immune deficiency (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are viewed with fear, partly due to many AIDS myths and untruths that have been perpetuated. It is important to be accurately informed about AIDS and HIV, whether you are recently diagnosed or healthy. It is estimated that more than 1 million people in the U.S. are currently infected with HIV, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). AIDS and HIV Defined HIV is a virus, which is found in blood, semen and vaginal secretions. Contact with any of these body fluids of an infected person can result in transmission of the disease from person to person. A diagnosis of HIV sometimes leads to an eventual diagnosis of AIDS, but not always. It is not known why some people exposed to HIV do not necessarily develop AIDS. Living With HIV or AIDS Some people live symptom-free for years when infected with HIV. Once infected, a person’s immune system can become weakened, making them susceptible to illnesses that might normally be avoided. Common symptoms of HIV include: - Weight loss - Fever - Unexplained fatigue There is a typical progression of symptoms that often leads to AIDS, but not in every case. Secondary medical conditions that are commonly related to AIDS include: - Cryptococcosis, a fungal infection - Tuberculosis - Pneumocystis pneumonia - Kaposi’s sarcoma, a type of skin cancer New Medicines and Therapies Disease progression from HIV to AIDS is monitored closely by blood work to check the CD4 and T-cells, which help to fight off the virus. The lower the CD4 and T-cell levels, the higher the severity of the HIV progression. There are new and effective therapies that interrupt the progression from HIV to AIDS. They are called highly active antiretroviral therapies or HAART. HAART has increased the span of years a person diagnosed with HIV lives without progressing to AIDS. An HIV prevention pill, approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is available for high-risk groups like intravenous drug users, heterosexual couples in which one partner is infected with the virus and men who have sex with men. There is a promising HIV vaccine on the horizon. Interestingly, a cancer patient with HIV who received a bone marrow transplant later had little or no trace of the virus. HIV treatment was no longer needed. Is bone marrow transplant an HIV treatment of the future? This possibility is currently being explored. Common Myths and Facts about HIV and AIDS Accurate medical information is imperative to quell the fear and myths surrounding HIV and AIDS. Here are a few of the most common myths and facts: - "HIV can be contracted from a toilet seat." FALSE. HIV is transmitted by unprotected sex, intravenous drug use or exposure to blood or bodily fluids from an infected person. It can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy or, prior to the 1980s, from a blood transfusion or blood product transfusion. - "There is no cure for AIDS." TRUE. There is effective treatment available to suppress the HIV virus and prevent the development of AIDS, but there is no cure. - "Positive diagnosis of AIDS guarantees subsequent death from AIDS." FALSE. This is no longer true because advancements in medications and other therapies help to control the virus. - "HIV can be transmitted through oral sex." TRUE. Oral cuts or abrasions are a mode of entry for HIV-infected bodily fluids during oral sex. - "Mosquitoes can spread HIV." FALSE. Certain mosquitoes can spread West Nile Virus and malaria but there are no reported cases of HIV transmission by mosquitoes. - "A person can be unaware that they are infected with HIV." TRUE. Infected patients might not become symptomatic for an extended period of time, so they may have no idea they carry the virus (and can transmit it to others). This accentuates the importance of regular HIV testing as a standard of medical care. - "If a person is being treated for HIV, they cannot spread the virus." FALSE. Even while being treated, a person can spread the virus through unprotected sex, sharing needles or exposing others to their blood or bodily fluids. The Latest News The global rate of newly diagnosed HIV infections in adults and children has dropped by 33 percent since 2001. The CDC has worked diligently to change the perception of HIV so that is can be viewed as a manageable chronic illness, not an automatic death sentence. The hope is that this shift in perception will encourage more people to seek early HIV testing, which will initiate early treatment and better health outcomes.
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Danas je Svjetski dan borbe protiv AIDS-a Međunarodni dan borbe protiv AIDS-a uveden je 1988. godine na inicijativu Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije, a ove godine obilježava se na temu "Getting to Zero" Međunarodni dan borbe protiv AIDS-a uveden je 1988. godine na inicijativu Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije, a ove godine obilježava se na temu "Getting to Zero" ("Doći do nule"). Svjetska kampanja pod tim nazivom, što znači nula novih infekcija, nula diskriminacije i nula smrtnih slučajeva povezanih s AIDS-om, počela je 2011. godine. Dosad je HIV/AIDS odnio više od 36 milijuna života. Virus je otkriven 1985. godine. Pomisao na zarazu HIV-om zastrašujuća je iz nekoliko razloga: bolest je trenutačno neizlječiva, brzo se širi i nema cjepiva protiv nje. Prema podacima WHO-a za 2012. godinu, koje prenose svjetski mediji, 35,3 milijuna ljudi zaraženo je HIV-om, od kojih je 3,3 milijuna djece. Godine 2012. zabilježeno je 2,3 milijuna novih slučajeva zaraze, a 1,6 milijuna umrlo je od AIDS-a. Subsaharska Afrika regija je koju najviše pogađa ta bolest gdje je gotovo 1 od 20 odraslih zaražen HIV-om. Virus humane imunodeficijencije (HIV) ime je virusa koji uzrokuje sindrom stečene imunodeficijencije (AIDS). AIDS je uznapredovali stadij infekcije HIV-om koji napada obrambeni sustav organizma s posljedičnim razvojem specifičnih zaraznih i malignih bolesti. Bolest je zarazna i zasad neizlječiva. Od trenutka zaraze HIV-om do nastupa AIDS-a prođe u prosjeku oko 10 godina. Kod osoba koje uzimaju antiretrovirusnu terapiju životni vijek znatno se produljuje. HIV se prenosi sa zaražene majke na dijete, preko krvi ili krvnih pripravaka te nezaštićenim spolnim odnosom. Svjetski dan borbe protiv AIDS-a obilježava se 1. prosinca različitim aktivnostima s ciljem podizanja svijesti javnosti o HIV/AIDS-u, pokazivanja solidarnosti prema oboljelima, utjecanja na smanjivanje stigme i diskriminacije te skretanja pozornosti na opasnosti koje donosi rizično ponašanje. Simbol borbe protiv AIDS-a je crvena vrpca (Red Ribbon), koju je kreirao američki pjevač i glumac Paul Jabara (1948.-1992.) zajedno s Visual AIDS grupom iz New Yorka 1991. godine kao odgovor na stigmu, diskriminaciju zaraženih osoba, ali i brzo širenje bolesti. Jabara je samo godinu dana poslije umro od bolesti protiv koje se borio. Poznato je da osobe zaražene HIV-om diskriminaciju i stigmu doživljavaju teže od same fizičke komponente bolesti. Nošenje crvene vrpce znak je solidarnosti i tolerancije prema ljudima pozitivnima na HIV. Dok se broj slučajeva AIDS-a stalno smanjuje u zapadnoj Europi te je pao za 48 posto od 2006. do 2012., na istoku kontinenta, koji po klasifikaciji Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije obuhvaća i mnoge bivše sovjetske republike, broj novodijagnosticiranih osoba s AIDS-om povećao se za 113 posto. Stručnjaci kažu da je to povećanje na istoku Europe tijesno povezano s manjkom preventivnih mjera za ljude s visokim rizikom zaraze virusom koji izaziva AIDS. To uključuje čiste igle i šprice za ovisnike o drogama, besplatne kondome i jednostavni pristup testiranju na HIV rizičnih skupina te mogućnost liječenja bez odgode za HIV pozitivine osobe. Ipak dobre su vijesti da je broj smrtnih slučajeva povezanih s AIDS-om pao za 30 posto od 2005. Tako je 2005. bilo 2,3 milijuna umrlih, dok je 2012. umrlo 1,6 milijuna ljudi.