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What is asthma? Asthma is a chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. The disease affects people of all ages, but it most often starts in childhood. For people with asthma, everyday things can trigger an attack. These triggers include air pollution, allergens, exercise, infections, emotional upset, or certain foods. Typical asthma symptoms include coughing, wheezing, tightness in the chest, difficulty breathing, rapid heart rate, and sweating. Children with asthma often complain of an itchy upper chest or develop a dry cough. These may be the only signs of an asthma attack. Asthma itself does not pose a threat to bone health. However, certain medications used to treat asthma and some behaviors triggered by concern over the disease can have a negative impact on the skeleton. - What is osteoporosis? - The connection between asthma and osteoporosis - Osteoporosis management strategies - Resources - For your information What is osteoporosis? Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones become less dense and more likely to fracture. Fractures from osteoporosis can result in pain and disability. In the United States, more than 53 million people either already have osteoporosis or are at high risk due to low bone mass. Risk factors for developing osteoporosis include: - Thinness or small frame. - Family history of the disease. - Being postmenopausal and particularly having had early menopause. - Abnormal absence of menstrual periods (amenorrhea). - Prolonged use of certain medications, such as those used to treat lupus, asthma, thyroid deficiencies, and seizures. - Low calcium intake. - Lack of physical activity. - Smoking. - Excessive alcohol intake. Osteoporosis often can be prevented. It is known as a silent disease because, if undetected, it can progress for many years without symptoms until a fracture occurs. Osteoporosis has been called a childhood disease with consequences in old age because building healthy bones in youth can help prevent the disease and fractures later in life. However, it is never too late to adopt new habits for healthy bones. The connection between asthma and osteoporosis People with asthma tend to be at increased risk for osteoporosis, especially in the spine, for several reasons. First, anti-inflammatory medications, known as glucocorticoids, are commonly prescribed for asthma. When taken by mouth, these medications can decrease calcium absorbed from food, increase calcium lost from the kidneys, decrease bone formation, and increase bone loss. Corticosteroids also interfere with the production of sex hormones in both women and men, which can contribute to bone loss, and they can cause muscle weakness, which can increase the risk of falling and related fractures. Even inhaled forms of corticosteroids can negatively impact bone health. People with asthma may think that milk and other dairy products trigger asthma attacks, although the evidence shows that this is only likely to be true if they also have a dairy allergy. This unnecessary avoidance of calcium-rich dairy products can be especially damaging for children with asthma who need calcium to build strong bones. Because exercise often can trigger an asthma attack, many people with asthma avoid weight bearing physical activities that are known to strengthen bone. Those people who remain physically active often choose swimming as their first exercise of choice because it is less likely than other activities to trigger an asthma attack. Unfortunately, swimming does not have the same beneficial impact on bone health as weight-bearing exercises, which work the body against gravity. Weight-bearing exercises include walking, jogging, racquet sports, basketball, volleyball, aerobics, dancing, and weight training. Osteoporosis management strategies Strategies to prevent and treat osteoporosis in people with asthma are not significantly different from those used to treat people who do not have asthma. Nutrition. A well-balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D is important for healthy bones. Good sources of calcium include low-fat dairy products; dark green, leafy vegetables; and calcium-fortified foods and beverages. Supplements can help ensure that the calcium requirement is met each day, especially in those with a proven milk allergy. The Institute of Medicine recommends a daily calcium intake of 1,000 mg each day for men and women up to age 50. Women over age 50 and men over age 70 should increase their intake to 1,200 mg daily. Vitamin D plays an important role in calcium absorption and bone health. Food sources of vitamin D include egg yolks, saltwater fish, and liver. Many people obtain enough vitamin D from eating fortified foods. Other individuals, especially those who are older, live in northern climates, or use sunscreen, may require vitamin D supplements to achieve the recommended intake of 600 to 800 International Units (IU) each day. Exercise. Like muscle, bone is living tissue that responds to exercise by becoming stronger. The best kind of activities for your bones are weight-bearing and resistance exercises. Weight-bearing exercises force you to work against gravity. They include walking, climbing stairs, and dancing. Resistance exercises – such as – lifting weights can also strengthen bones. People who experience exercise induced asthma should exercise in an environmentally controlled facility and participate in activities that fall within their limitations. They may also use medication when necessary to enable them to exercise. Healthy lifestyle. Smoking is bad for bones as well as the heart and lungs. Women who smoke tend to go through menopause earlier, triggering earlier bone loss. In addition, people who smoke may absorb less calcium from their diets. Alcohol also can affect bone health negatively. Those who drink heavily are more prone to bone loss and fracture. Reducing exposure to asthma triggers, such as irritants and allergens, can help lessen a person’s reliance on glucocorticoid medication. Avoiding people with colds and other respiratory infections and minimizing emotional stress can also be important. Bone density test. A bone mineral density (BMD) test measures bone density at various sites of the body. This safe and painless test can detect osteoporosis before a fracture occurs and can predict a person’s chances of future fracture. People with asthma, particularly those receiving glucocorticoid therapy for 2 months or more, should talk to their doctors about whether they might be candidates for a BMD test. Medication. Like asthma, osteoporosis is a disease with no cure. However, there are medications available to prevent and treat osteoporosis, including: bisphosphonates; calcitonin; estrogen (hormone therapy); estrogen agonists/antagonists (also called selective estrogen receptor modulators or SERMs); parathyroid hormone (PTH); parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrp); RANK ligand (RANKL) inhibitor; and tissue-selective estrogen complex (TSEC). Because of their effectiveness in controlling asthma with fewer side effects, inhaled glucocorticoids are preferred to oral forms of the medication. Bone loss tends to increase with increased glucocorticoid doses and prolonged use; therefore, the lowest possible dose for the shortest period of time that controls asthma symptoms is recommended. Resources For more information on osteoporosis, visit: NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases ~ National Resource Center Website: https://www.bones.nih.gov For more information on asthma, visit: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Website: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov For your information This publication contains information about medications used to treat the health condition discussed here. When this publication was developed, we included the most up-to-date (accurate) information available. Occasionally, new information on medication is released. For updates and for any questions about any medications you are taking, please contact U.S. Food and Drug Administration Website: https://www.fda.gov For additional information on specific medications, visit Drugs@FDA at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf. Drugs@FDA is a searchable catalog of FDA-approved drug products. NIH Pub.
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Kosti imaju vrlo važne funkcije u našem tijelu – pružaju strukturu, omogućuju nam kretanje, štite mozak, srce i druge organe te pohranjuju minerale poput kalcija i fosfora. Zato je vrlo važno izgraditi snažne i zdrave kosti tijekom djetinjstva i adolescencije, ali i nastaviti poduzimati korake kako bi zaštitili zdravlje kostiju u odrasloj dobi. Naše kosti se stalno mijenjaju – nova koštana masa se formira, a stara raspada. Kad smo mladi, nova se koštana masa izgrađuje brže no što se razbije stara, pa se ukupna količina koštane mase povećava. Većina ljudi najveću koštanu masu ima oko tridesete godine, nakon čega se nastavlja preoblikovanje kosti, ali gubimo malo više koštane mase no što dobivamo nove. Vjerojatnost razvoja osteoporoze, bolesti koja uvelike može utjecati na kvalitetu vašeg života,ovisi o tome koliko koštane mase dobijemo do trenutka kada dostignemo dob od 30 godina i koliko brzo gubimo nakon toga. Što je veća vaša masa kosti u tom razdoblju kad dostižemo vrhunac koštane mase u tridesetima, to jeviše kosti kojih imamo “u zalihama" za kasnije, i manja je vjerojatnost da ćemo razviti osteoporozu kako starimo. Tiha bolest U slučaju kada gubimo previše koštane mase, razvija se osteoporoza. Kosti gube masu i postaju toliko krhke da se vrlo lako lome. Osobe s osteoporozom najčešće trpe lomove kostiju zglobova, kralježnice i kukova. No, gubitak kostiju događa se tijekom dugog vremenskog razdoblja i mnogi ne znaju da imaju slabe kosti sve dok ne pretrpe lom. No, nikad nije kasno za brigu o kostima. Donosimo vam savjete kako brinuti o zdravlju svojih kostiju u svakoj životnoj dobi, da bi ih ojačali i minimizirali mogućnost lomova. Za jačanje kostiju potrebna vam je samo minuta dnevno Kao i mišići, kosti također postaju jače uztjelovježbu. Najbolje vježbe za zdrave kosti su hodanje, penjanje stepenicama, dizanje utega i ples. Idealno bi bilo vježbati 30 minuta dnevno, no nedavna studija utvrdila je da i samo 60 do 120 sekundi trčanja dnevnomože poboljšatizdravlje kostiju za 4-6%. “Vitamin sunce“ Vitamin D je kritična hranjiva tvar za izgradnju kostiju. Poboljšava apsorpciju kalcija iz crijeva, pomaže povećanju gustoće kostiju i povećava funkciju mišića, smanjujući rizik od prijeloma. No optimalnukoličinu vitamina D teško je dobiti samo od hrane, pa preporučujemo 15 minuta dnevno izlagati se suncu, kako bi tijelo upilo dovoljno ovog vrijednog vitamina. Hrana za snažne kosti – B!TONIC Silver Bones Prehrana igra vrlo važnu ulogu u očuvanju zdravlja kostiju. Važno je imati uravnoteženu prehranu bogatu kalcijem i vitaminom D. Dobri izvori kalcija su i mliječni proizvodi s niskim sadržajem masti, tofu, bademi, sardine, brokula i kelj. Vitamin D možemo dobiti iz žumanjaka, morske ribe, jetrica i mlijeka. Uz to, za prevenciju osteoporoze i jačanje kostiju, korisno je konzumirati dodatke prehrani koji podržavaju zdravlje koštanog sustava i zdravu pokretljivost kao što je B!TONIC Silver Bones. Silver Bones je prirodni dodatak prehrani, kombinacija aktivnih biljnih sastojaka s kalcijem, vitaminom D koji doprinosi normalnom iskorištavanju kalcijai glukozaminom koji podupire regeneraciju zglobne hrskavice. Sastojci Silver Bones kombinirani su kako bi značajno poboljšali zdravlje cijelog mišićno-koštanog sustava.Kapsule Silver Bones pridonose zdravlju kostiju te normalnoj funkciji mišića i prevenciji bolesti kao što je osteoporoza. B!TONIC proizvodi su sigurni i ekološki čisti te ne sadrže alergene, a možete ih kupiti u odabranim ljekarnama. Više o Silver Bones kapsulama i ostalim B!TONIC proizvodima pročitajte na web stranici btonic.hr.