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News Study shows stratosphere wind changes affect seas and climate Changes in the winds high in the stratosphere affect the seas and climate, according to a new study. The research from the University of Utah study suggests changes in winds from 15-30 miles up hit at a vulnerable "Achilles heel" in the North Atlantic and alter mile-deep sea circulation patterns that change the weather. The findings have been published in the online journal Nature Geoscience. Senior author Thomas Reichler says, "We found evidence that what happens in the stratosphere matters for the ocean circulation and therefore for climate." It was already realised that changes in the stratosphere, between 6-30 miles above Earth, affect what happens in the troposphere, which stretches from Earth's surface up to six miles or about 32,800 feet up and where weather occurs. It was also known that global circulation patterns in the seas, caused mainly by changes in water temperature and saltiness, influence global climate. Associate professor of atmospheric sciences at the university, Thomas Reichler, says, "It is not new that the stratosphere impacts the troposphere. It also is not new that the troposphere impacts the ocean. But now we actually demonstrated an entire link between the stratosphere, the troposphere and the ocean." Thomas Reichler carried out the research with University of Utah atmospheric sciences doctoral student Junsu Kim, atmospheric scientist Elisa Manzini and oceanographer Jürgen Kröger, from the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology based in Hamburg, Germany. The study was financed by the University of Utah. The team used weather observation data supercomputer simulations of 4,000 years of weather to reveal a surprising association between decade-scale, alterations in stratospheric wind patterns called the polar vortex, and rhythmic differences in deep-sea circulation patterns. There are two main changes: - Stratospheric sudden warming that happen when temperatures increase and 80-mph polar vortex Artic winds weaken or alter direction. These changes last for up to 60 days, which provides time for the effects to filter through the atmosphere to the ocean. - Alterations in the speed of the Atlantic circulation pattern, called the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, which affects seas around the world as it acts in a similar way to a conveyor belt, transporting water around the earth. These can happen several years running or miss a decade, so adding this decade-scale effect into climate modelling is important in forecasting decade-to-decade climate changes that are difference from global warming, says Thomas Reichler. "If we as humans modify the stratosphere, it may - through the chain of events we demonstrate in this study - also impact the ocean circulation. "Good examples of how we modify the stratosphere are the ozone hole and also fossil-fuel burning that adds carbon dioxide to the stratosphere. These changes to the stratosphere can alter the ocean, and any change to the ocean is extremely important to global climate," he explains. "The North Atlantic is particularly important for global ocean circulation, and therefore for climate worldwide. In a region south of Greenland, which is called the downwelling region, water can get cold and salty enough - and thus dense enough - so the water starts sinking." The area is the most important region of seawater downwelling on Earth. The sinking of cold, salty water "drives the three-dimensional oceanic conveyor belt circulation. What happens in the Atlantic also affects the other oceans." "This area where downwelling occurs is quite susceptible to cooling or warming from the troposphere. If the water is close to becoming heavy enough to sink, then even small additional amounts of heating or cooling from the atmosphere may be imported to the ocean and either trigger downwelling events or delay them," he says. Due to that sensitivity, Thomas Reichler has named the sea south of Greenland "the Achilles heel of the North Atlantic." During the winter months the stratospheric Arctic polar vortex turns counterclockwise around the North Pole, which means powerful 80-mph winds are around 60 degrees north latitude. They are even stronger than jet stream winds that travel at less than 70 mph in the troposphere. But every few years the stratospheric air is suddenly and dramatically altered and the vortex becomes warmer and weaker and can even go clockwise. "These are catastrophic rearrangements of circulation in the stratosphere," and the weaker or reversed polar vortex persists up to two months. Breakdown of the polar vortex can affect circulation in the troposphere all the way down to the surface," Thomas Reichler says. His research investigated whether changes in stratospheric polar vortex winds make the sea warmer or colder and how the sea is affected. Scientists knew that the wind changes affected the North Atlantic Oscillation, low pressure centred on Greenland and high pressure over the Azores to the south. The pattern can reverse or fluctuate. As the changing pressure patterns are over the sea downwelling area near Greenland, it remains to be confirmed if the pattern affects the downwelling and the global oceanic circulation conveyor belt. The computer simulations reveal a decadal on-off pattern of correlated alternations in the polar vortex, atmospheric pressure changes above the North Atlantic and differences in sea circulation over one mile under the waves. Observations are consistent with the pattern revealed in computer simulations. In the 1980s and 2000s, several stratospheric sudden warming events made polar vortex winds weaker. In the 1990s, the polar vortex remained strong. Thomas Reichler and his team used global ocean observations from various studies to reconstruct the way the conveyor belt ocean circulation behaved during the same 30-years. "The weakening and strengthening of the stratospheric circulation seems to correspond with changes in ocean circulation in the North Atlantic," Thomas Reichler says. To reduce uncertainties about the observations, the researchers used computers to simulate 4,000 years of atmosphere and ocean circulation. "The computer model showed that when we have a series of these polar vortex changes, the ocean circulation is susceptible to those stratospheric events," he explains. To further back up the findings, the researchers combined 18 atmosphere and ocean models into one giant simulation and saw similar outcomes. The researchers say the study suggests there is "a significant stratospheric impact on the ocean." "Recurring stratospheric vortex events create long-lived perturbations at the ocean surface, which penetrate into the deeper ocean and trigger multidecadal variability in its circulation. This leads to the remarkable fact that signals that emanate from the stratosphere cross the entire atmosphere-ocean system." 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Steinweg (Süd-West Terminal) in Hamburg Events & Press Releases International Sea Ports and Maritime Authorities Gather in 2 Weeks to Discuss Port Security Technology Hydropower Balkans 2017 Hydropower Balkans 2017 - Free Webinar Speaker Line Up is Announced for the Maritime Big Data Forum at Nor-Shipping on 30 May Sea Asia 2017 Reinforces Role as Leading Maritime Forum in Southeast Asia 10th International Fujairah Bunkering & Fuel Oil Forum: Event Summary Counter-Terrorism Measures at Ports DHT Holdings, Inc. announces delivery of first VLCC from BW Group INAMARINE 2017 Exhibition Aims to Strengthen the Indonesia Maritime Industry Nakilat Holds 21st Qatar Project Shipping Forum National (Croatian) Uljanik plovidba ulazi na tržište prijevoza ukapljenog plina Hrvatska brodogradnja - poslovi vrijedni 1,9 milijardi dolara Zanimanje po kojem je Hrvatska oduvijek bila poznata u svijetu potrebno je spašavati od izumiranja Drama u Arapskom moru: Naš tanker iz Uljanika napali pirati Luka Rijeka planira od ulagača privući 300 milijuna kuna Uljaniku i »3. maju« gradnja 20 brodova u idućih 15 godina Floti Jadrolinije priključen brod „Mljet“ Jadroliniji prijete tužbe teške 20 milijuna kuna U lovu na konkurente: Rijeka raste, ali promet luke u Kopru i dalje je četiri puta veći Treća novogradnja u seriji, brod „Krk“ svečano priključen floti Jadrolinije
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News Jadroliniji prijete tužbe teške 20 milijuna kuna Trgovački sud u Splitu ovih je dana donio nepravomoćnu presudu u korist upravitelja stroja 2. kategorije u postupku protiv Jadrolinije od koje taj pomorac potražuje 37 tisuća kuna. Prema nepravomoćnoj presudi, Jadrolinija je upravitelja stroja tijekom 2009., a potom još tri godine zaredom, zakidala za razliku plaće dok je bio na godišnjem odmoru. Jadrolinija mu, naime, nije isplatila naknadu plaće za godišnje odmore u visini njegove prosječne mjesečne plaće u prethodna tri mjeseca, već mu je isplaćivala naknadu plaće u visini njegove osnovne plaće. Ovakvu politiku isplate plaća, pokazalo se potpuno pogrešnu i suprotnu Zakonu o radu, Jadrolinija je provodila samo prema svojim pomorcima, odnosno prema posadama na svojih 50 brodova. S obzirom da je na Jadrolinijinim brodovima zaposleno oko 1.100 pomoraca, može se očekivati da će većina njih također pokrenuti postupke, pogotovo ako presuda u korist upravitelja stroja postane pravomoćna. Ignorirali upozorenja Pouzdano saznajemo, što nam je potvrđeno od još nekoliko osoba, da su na Trgovačkom sudu u Splitu dosad ukupno donesene četiri presude u korist pomoraca, a na štetu kompanije koja će im morati isplatiti visoke naknade. Ove presude po svemu sudeći predstavljaju presedan koji bi Jadroliniju, koja je godinama svoje pomorce zakidala za realan iznos plaće dok su na godišnjim odmorima, doslovno mogao koštati milijune i milijune kuna. Prema našim informacijama, dosad je stotinjak pomoraca Jadrolinije, s mjestima prebivališta u Rijeci, Zadru i Splitu, podnijelo tužbe pred nadležnim trgovačkim sudovima, na isti način kao i upravitelj stroja s jednog broda, tražeći naknadu plaća za koje su bili zakinuti tijekom godišnjih odmora. Predsjednik Radničkog vijeća Tomislav Urlić kaže da je Radničko vijeće godinama bivšoj Upravi skretalo pozornost na kršenje Zakona o radu i kolektivnog ugovora. – Uvijek nas se, međutim, ignoriralo. Nije nas se shvaćalo dovoljno ozbiljno, jer smo za Upravu bili samo suprotna strana. To je bilo potpuno pogrešno shvaćanje i percipiranje situacije. Mi smo htjeli suradnju s Upravom, inzistirali smo na rješavanju problema oko plaća pomoraca dok su na godišnjem odmoru, ali s druge strane naprosto nije bilo sluha. Zbog svega toga sasvim je razumljivo da su pomorci, svjesni da su im prekršena prava, krenuli s tužbama koje su jedini način da dođu do novaca koji im pripadaju. Nažalost, umjesto dogovora i isplate onoga što su zaradili teškim radom, pomorci svoje pravo i pravdu traže i dobit će sudskim putem. Radničko vijeće izuzetno je žalosno što će sada Jadrolinija morati plaćati velike iznose koji će se još povećati za kamate, sudske troškove i troškove odvjetnika. Sretna je okolnost da u trenutnoj Upravi osoba zadužena za financije razumije sukus ovog problema, što znači da se prekinulo s dosadašnjom praksom, kaže Urlić. Kosturi iz ormara Naglašava da se sada kompanija po tom pitanju pridržava zakona te se pomorcima plaća i tijekom godišnjeg odmora konačno isplaćuje po realnom i zakonom predviđenom obračunu. – Ovo što se sada događa kosturi su iz ormara koji će financijski itekako opteretiti kompaniju. To će najvjerojatnije izazvati stresnu situaciju, posebno zato jer se može očekivati da će 70 do 90 posto pomoraca od njih više od 1.100 pokrenuti ovakve tužbe. Prema mojoj slobodoj procjeni, stvorit će se obveza Jadrolinije prema pomorcima u iznosu od oko 20 milijuna kuna, ističe Urlić. Radničko vijeće još prije četiri godine obavijestilo je Inspekciju rada o kršenju Zakona u radu u Jadroliniji. Inspektorat je slijedom prijave proveo nadzor te podnio tužbu protiv Jadrolinije. Temeljem sudske presude koju je Jadrolinija izgubila, njeni pomorci sada na trgovačkim sudovima traže svoja prava na naknadu do punog iznosa plaće za vrijeme korištenja godišnjih odmora. Predsjednik Nezavisnog sindikata pomoraca putničkih brodova Hrvatske Nediljko Bulić potvrdio je kako je nekoliko pomoraca koji su ujedno članovi sindikata dobilo nepravomoćne presude protiv svoje kompanije. Vlada zakon šutnje – Trenutno je u pripremi još oko 200 tužbi, koje će se, nakon što su neki kolege dobili postupke pred Trgovačkim sudom u Splitu, sada aktivirati. No broj zakinutih pomoraca je puno veći. Ako svi pomorci Jadrolinije koji imaju pravo na naknadu za krivo obračunavanje godišnjih odmora pokrenu tužbe, to bi moglo ugroziti financijsku stabilnost kompanije. To smo pitanje godinama pokušali riješiti s bivšom Upravom, ali nije bilo ni sluha ni interesa. Bivša Uprava svjesno je kršila kolektivni ugovor i Zakon o radu tako što se godinama nisu plaćale obveze prema pomorcima. Uprava se uvijek opravdavala nedostatkom sredstava za takva pitanja, što je argument koji je apsolutno neprihvatljiv. Ni danas, međutim, komunikacija s Upravom, koja je sada u novom sastavu, nije puno bolja. Tek s jednim dijelom Uprave, koji pripada financijskom sektoru, imamo solidnu komunikaciju, jer među tim ljudima postoji određeno razumijevanje za probleme. Drugi dio Uprave nema sluha za probleme koji postoje. U Jadroliniji i dalje vlada neki zakon šutnje i to ne može dobro završiti, kaže Bulić. Činjenicu da je bivši predsjednik Uprave Jadrolinije Slavko Lončar, u čijem je mandatu nastao dug prema pomorcima sada član Nadzornog odbora Jadrolinije, smatra klasičnom hrvatskom pričom. 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