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Glaucoma is a group of diseases that damage the eye’s optic nerve. The eye needs a certain amount of pressure to work properly. However, Glaucoma occurs when the normal fluid pressure inside the eyes rises. Glaucoma is often called ‘the sneak thief of sight’. The disease may have no warning signs and is one of the leading causes of blindness. Our team approach to the screening, monitoring and the medical treatment of glaucoma ensures our patients receive the most up to date approach of the prevention of damage to your vision from this ocular disease. If necessary, our board certified ophthalmologists, Dr. Gorman and Dr. Moskowitz are available to perform the most advanced laser and/or surgical procedures. Risk Factors: Age – With increasing age, Glaucoma becomes more common. Family history – If a family member has Glaucoma you should have regular eye exams. African or Spanish ancestry –Glaucoma may appear at an earlier age and be more severe. Types of Glaucoma: The two main types of Glaucoma are Open-angle Glaucoma, and Angle-closure Glaucoma. Both are caused by an increase of intraocular pressure (IOP), or pressure inside the eye. Open-angle Glaucoma is the most common form of Glaucoma. At first, open-angle glaucoma has no symptoms, causes no pain, and you may not notice any loss of sight for many years. Increased eye pressure is caused by the slow blockage of the drainage canals. Without treatment; people with Open-angle Glaucoma will slowly lose their peripheral (side) vision. Gradually central vision may decrease until no vision remains. If caught early and treated, this type of Glaucoma responds well to a regimen of medications. Angle-closure Glaucoma can occur if the space between the cornea and the iris is too narrow or closed. If the pupil gets bigger than the angle can accommodate, or if the pupil’s size changes too fast, that causes the iris’s outer edge to bunch up and block the drainage canals. As with Open-angle Glaucoma, blocked drainage canals cause the IOP to increase, which in turn damages can optic nerve. Symptoms include severe pain and nausea, halos around lights as well as redness of the eye and blurred vision. If you have these symptoms, seek medical treatment immediately. Treatment of Glaucoma Medications – Once diagnosed with glaucoma, our doctors may prescribe medications to reduce the pressure by slowing the flow of fluid into the eye or others that help to improve fluid drainage. There are many medications for Glaucoma and they may be in the forms of eye drops or pills. It is extremely important to follow your doctors instructions and take your medications properly. Surgical Options – New technologies are emerging for Glaucoma surgery and at Fifth Avenue EyeCare and Surgery, we are focused on giving our patients the most up to date procedures to treat Glaucoma. Some of the types of surgical procedures used are: • Laser Iridotomy – Laser Iridotomy uses a very focused beam of light to create a hole on the rim of the iris to help decrease pressure in the eye. • Laser Trabeculoplasty – Laser can be used to open increase the outflow of fluid from the “angle” of the eye, thus decreasing eye pressure. • Trabeculectomy – Surgical treatments include removal of a small portion of the “angle” area of the eye allowing aqueous drainage. • Valve Implant – New developments include placement of a small valve to control the pressure of glaucoma. Please read “Glaucoma: Preventing the Visual Damage” by Dr. Gorman
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Glaukom je skupina promjena na oku koje oštećuju vidni živac. Glaukom nastaje kao posljedica poremećenog normalnog protoka tekućine kroz oko. Zbog zadržavanja previše tekućine u oku, raste očni tlak. Može se javiti u bilo kojoj životnoj dobi, ali je najčešći među starijom populacijom. Neliječeni glaukom može dovesti do gubitka perifernog vida, a postupno i do sljepoće, stoga je bitno ići na redovne preglede oftalmologu, posebno nakon četrdesete godine života, kako bi se pravovremeno otkrio i liječio. Povećani rizik od glaukoma imaju osobe s dioptrijom većom od -4, stariji od 40. godina, dijabetičari te osobe s pozitivnom obiteljskom anamnezom. Glaukom otvorenog kuta najčešći je oblik glaukoma i uglavnom nema simptoma, ali ako vam se javljaju neka od sljedećih stanja treba se javiti oftalmologu, jer se jedino preventivnim odlaskom na oftalmološki pregled i mjerenjem očnog tlaka može ustvrditi imate li glaukom. Povremena bol i osjećaj pritiska u očima te glavobolje iznad očiju i obrva mogu biti znakovi povišenog očnog tlaka. Glaukom otvorenog, ali češće zatvorenog kuta, mogu uzrokovati efekt duginih boja ili probleme s noćnim vidom kao halo (ili zvjezdana prašina) i zamagljen vid oko svijetlih točaka. To može biti problematično za vozače s glaukomom koji osjete ekstreman pritisak i naglu sljepoću kad se zjenica otvori, pogotovo po noći ili u slabo osvijetljenim okruženjima. Primarni glaukom otvorenog kuta tipično se ukaže sa sporijim smanjenjem perifernog vida pacijenta (koji uzrokuje tunelski vid) i prekidajući kutove vidnog polja u oba oka. Ponekad dođe do većeg gubitka vidnog polja prije negoli pacijent primijeti promjenu , a tada je očni živac već znatno oštećen. Akutni glaukom zatvorenog kuta nema znakova upozorenja i najčešće se manifestira izrazitim crvenilom oka, proširenom zjenicom, jakom glavoboljom i mučninom s povraćanjem. Za akutni glaukom potrebna je hitna terapija. Ako vam je dijagnosticiran glaukom postoje različite metode liječenja kao što su lijekovi(kapi), laser ili operacija, što ovisi o vrsti glaukoma i oštećenju vida u trenutku kada je glaukom dijagnosticiran. Liječenje glaukoma kapima često dovodi do suhoće oka koja pacijentima izaziva nelagodu. Ukoliko se to dogodi važno je da se ne odustane od terapije, nuspojavu treba prijaviti liječniku ili ljekarniku. Važno je i da se kapi pravilno primjene jer se pravilnom primjenom smanjuju nuspojave. Povodom obilježavanja svjetskoga tjedna glaukoma od 11.-17.03. u našim ljekarnama provodit ćemo edukaciju o glaukomu. Ako se brinete da imate glaukom ili imate dijagnosticiran glaukom te vas zanima nešto o terapiji posjetite naše ljekarne gdje će vam kao i uvijek naši ljekarnici pomoći.