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Belgium (; Dutch: België; French: Belgique; German: Belgien), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal monarchy in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters as well as those of several other major international organisations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of , and it has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups, the Dutch-speakers (about 59%), mostly Flemish, and the French-speakers (about 41%), mostly Walloons, in addition to a small group of German-speakers. Belgium's two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia. The Brussels-Capital Region, officially bilingual, is a mostly French-speaking enclave within the Flemish Region. A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in the political history and a complex system of government. Historically, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg were known as the Low Countries, which used to cover a somewhat larger area than the current Benelux group of states. The region was called Belgica in Latin because of the Roman province Gallia Belgica which covered more or less the same area. From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century, it was a prosperous centre of commerce and culture. From the 16th century until the Belgian Revolution in 1830, when Belgium seceded from the Netherlands, many battles between European powers were fought in the area of Belgium, causing it to be dubbed the "Battlefield of Europe," a reputation strengthened by both World Wars. Upon its independence, Belgium participated in the Industrial Revolution and, during the course of the 20th century, possessed a number of colonies in Africa. The second half of the 20th century was marked by the rise of contrasts between the Flemish and the Francophones fuelled by differences of language and the unequal economic development of Flanders and Wallonia. This continuing antagonism has caused far-reaching reforms, changing the formerly unitary Belgian state into a federal state, and several governmental crises, the most recent, from 2007 to 2011, being the longest.
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Kraljevina Belgija (niz.: Koninkrijk België; fra.: Royaume de Belgique; njem.: Königreich Belgien) država je u zapadnoj Europi, graniči s Nizozemskom na sjeveru, Njemačkom na istoku, Luksemburgom na jugoistoku i Francuskom na jugozapadu, te izlazi na Sjeverno more. Površinom s prostire na 30 528 km² te ima više od 10,8 milijuna stanovnika. Sa 355 stanovnika po km² jedna je od najnapučenijih europskih država. Većinu stanovnika čine Flamanci (oko 60%) i Valonci (30%). Belgija je na kulturnom križanju germanske i romanske Europe te je jezično podijeljena s nizozemskim govornim područjem u Flandriji na sjeveru, francuskim u Valoniji na jugu te malim njemačkim govornim područjem na istoku, što je odraženo u državnim institucijama i političkoj povijesti. Glavni grad Bruxelles je dvojezično područje, iako većina stanovnika govori francuskim jezikom. Belgija je ime dobila po keltskom plemenu imena Belgae te od rimske provincije na sjeveru Galije poznate kao Gallia Belgica. U srednjem vijeku Belgija je bila središte trgovine i umjetnosti. Od 16. stoljeća poprište je mnogih ratova između europskih sila. Neovisnost od Nizozemske dobila je 1830. godine. Belgija je jedna od osnivačkih članica Europske unije i NATO-a. U glavnom belgijskom gradu Bruxellesu sjedište je tih dviju organizacija.