http___mgz.hr_hr_postav_kraljevski_grad__1.xml
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Permanent Display 5. The Royal Free Town on Gradec In the early Middle Ages, a royal fort (castrum) was built on the site of a prehistoric settlement on Gradec Hill; the fort was destroyed during the Tatar invasion. At the time of the migrations which followed the Tatar incursions, King Bela IV established a system of royal free towns with special privileges throughout his kingdom, trying to attract new settlers. One of these towns was Gradec. The royal charter with a gold seal, the Golden Bull (1242), granted all the king’s subjects in Gradec, citizens and newly-arrived tradesmen, various privileges. As a result, the indigenous population - the Croats - were joined by immigrants from the neighbouring countries - other Slavs, Hungarians, Germans and Italians. Thus Gradec developed into an international community typical of medieval Europe. The new royal town was built according to a plan: it was encircled by a wall that followed the natural configuration of the site and a church was erected in the central square - the parish church of St. Mark. At the same time, the canons, fearing another Tatar invasion, obtained permission to build a tower on Gradec - Popov turen (Priest's Tower). The Golden Bull, copy Every year on St. Blaise’s Day (3 February) the inhabitants of Gradec elected the members of the town council. The king had also granted Gradec large tracts of land with subjects, serfs. In the 13th and 14th centuries, Gradec was a lively market-town with regular daily and annual St. Mark’s Fairs (from 1256) and St. Margaret’s Fairs (from 1372). Situated at the crossroads of the routes to Hungary and the Adriatic, the town soon became the dynamic centre of Slavonia. It had a royal palace (1335), a pharmacy (1355), and a school with a salaried teacher (1360). From 1363 until the 18th century, Gradec regularly hosted the tournament of tilting at the ring. Ivan Ružić
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Stalni postav 5. Slobodni kraljevski grad na Gradecu Na gornjogradskom brežuljku, na mjestu pretpovijesnoga naselja, u ranom je srednjemu vijeku bila kraljevska utvrda, castrum, koja je uništena za tatarske provale. U vrijeme seoba, koje su uslijedile nakon tatarske provale, kralj Bela IV ustrojio je novi sustav slobodnih kraljevskih gradova diljem svoje kraljevine, privlačeći doseljenike proglašavanjem privilegiranih gradova. Svečanom poveljom sa zlatnim pečatom, Zlatnom bulom (1242. g.) privilegirao je svoje podanike, građane i trgovce došljake. Grad je postao stjecištem raznih narodnosnih skupina. Tako pridruženi starosjedilačkom pučanstvu - Hrvatima - ini Slaveni te Ugri, Nijemci i Latini davali su Gradecu obilježje internacionalne zajednice, tada uobičajene i u drugim europskim gradovima. Novi je kraljevski grad planski zasnovan, opasan bedemom koji prati konfiguraciju terena a na središnjem je gradskome trgu podignuta župna crkva Sv. Marka. Istodobno, kanonici su u strahu od ponovne tatarske provale ishodili godine 1247. pravo da na sjevernome vrhu gornjogradskoga brežuljka podignu utvrdu - Popov turen. Zlatna bula, kopija, pročitajte prijevod na hrvatski jezik Svake je godine Gradec na Sv. Blaža (3. veljače) birao novu gradsku upravu. Gradec je bio obdaren zemljišnim posjedom, a k tome dodijeljeni su mu podanici, gradski kmetovi. Tijekom XIII. i XIV. st. na Gradecu su se redovito održavali dnevni i godišnji sajmovi Sv. Marka počam od 1256. i Sv. Margarete od 1372. godine. Gradec se ubrzano razvijao u dinamično središte Slavonije na važnom križanju prometnica između Ugarske i Jadrana, s kraljevskim dvorom (1335. g.), ljekarnom (1355. g.) te školom s plaćenim učiteljem (1360. g). Od 1363. godine, pa sve do XVIII. st. se na Gradecu održavala viteška igra prstenac - konjanik je u trku kopljem gađao ovješeni kolut (prstenac). Ivan Ružić