http___livro-ensino-medio.f1cf.com.br_quimica_hr_chemistry-196.html_1.xml
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You know how the drug (active ingredient of the medicine) interacts with our body, often making the difference between living or not? Currently, found in pharmacies medicines produced with the most advanced technology based on the principles of stereochemistry (chemistry that studies the three-dimensional structure of molecules). Part of the medicines sold in pharmacies have chiral molecules (molecules with identical chemical composition and "architecture" inverted) that is essential to define the biological effect of this medicine in our body. If a small change in the "architecture" of the molecule (three-dimensional orientation) the remedy may lose their biological effect or even an adverse effect. The interaction between a drug molecule and receptors in the body depend on the stereochemistry. Recently, the vast majority of drugs sold in pharmacies was produced by racemates (mixture of isomers). This means that each dose of medication contains 50% of a substance which does not have the desired therapeutic effect or may have severe side effects. Taught unchecked, these medicines can cure diseases and at the same time, causing terrible damage. A classic example is Thalidomide - a medicine used in the 60s, for pregnant women to combat morning sickness that caused birth defects in the fetus, particularly in the arms and legs. There are other examples, such as ibuprofen, anti-inflammatory (indicated to combat rheumatism, toothaches, etc..) That prolonged use can cause serious stomach problems. On the other hand, the production of drugs with pure enantiomers (isomers produced separately), while improving the therapeutic properties and decrease adverse effects, is very expensive, which raises the price of drugs to the consumer. Thus, it is a challenge for chemists to develop techniques (methods) for drug manufacturing more efficient and cheaper. Heaven ... But that "bug" is that? Stereochemistry? Three-dimensional orientation? Chiral molecule? Racemates? Isomers? Pure enantiomers? Who was the "crazy" who invented all this? Calm ... Let us help you discover this chemical world around him.
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Znaš kako je droga (aktivni sastojak lijeka) u interakciju s našim tijelom, često činiti razliku između života ili ne? Trenutno, naći u ljekarnama lijekova proizvedenih najsuvremenijom tehnologijom temelji na načelima stereokemiji (kemije koja proučava trodimenzionalnu strukturu molekula). Dio od prodanih lijekova u apotekama imaju kiralnih molekula (molekule s identičnim kemijskog sastava i "arhitekture" obrnute) koja je bitna za definiranje biološki učinak ovog lijeka u našem tijelu. Ako mala promjena u arhitekturi "" molekule (trodimenzionalna orijentacija) lijek može izgubiti svoj biološki učinak ili čak negativan učinak. Interakcija između lijekova i molekula receptora u tijelu ovisi o stereokemiji. Nedavno, velika većina lijekova se prodaju u ljekarnama je producirao racemati (smjesa izomera). To znači da je svaka doza lijeka sadrži 50% tvari koja ne željeni terapijski učinak ili može imati ozbiljne nuspojave. Poučen nesmetan, ovi lijekovi mogu izliječiti bolesti i, u isto vrijeme, što uzrokuje strašnu štetu. Klasični primjer je Thalidomide - lijek koji se koristi u 60, za trudnice za borbu protiv jutarnje mučnine koji je izazvao oštećenja ploda u fetusa, osobito u rukama i nogama. Postoje i drugi primjeri, kao što su ibuprofen, protuupalno (navedeno u borbi protiv reume, zubobolje, itd..) Da dugotrajno korištenje može uzrokovati ozbiljne želučane probleme. S druge strane, proizvodnja lijekova s čistih enantiomera (izomerima izrađuju odvojeno), dok je poboljšanje terapeutska svojstva i smanjiti štetne učinke, vrlo je skupo, što podiže cijenu od lijekova do potrošača. Dakle, to je izazov za kemičari razviti tehnike (metode) za proizvodnju lijekova učinkovitije i jeftinije. Nebo ... Ali to "bug" je to? Stereokemija? Trodimenzionalni orijentacije? Kiralni molekule? Racemati? Izomeri? Čisti enantiomeri? Tko je bio "lud" koji je izmislio sve to? Tiho ... Neka nam pomoći da otkrijete ovaj kemijski svijet oko sebe.