http___livro-ensino-medio.f1cf.com.br_historia_hr_history-161.html_1.xml
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Quick, the urban revolution is a phenomenon of the second half of the twentieth century. From the founding of Jericho, the first walled city in the world, the urban population took about 9000 years to reach 38% of the world in 1975. Since then, it has jumped to 47% and, according to United Nations projections, will reach 55% in 2015 and 61% in 2025. Ie, in just 50 years, city dwellers have been multiplied by 1.5 billion to 5 billion people - the equivalent of 500 000 cities of São Paulo. This indicates that, despite predictions that the new information technologies and the accumulation and problems in the metropolises imply the dismantling of urban life, the city absorbed the changes and is still the engine of scientific development. But this has a price. "The number of urban dwellers living in absolute poverty has grown rapidly in the 80s, especially in Latin America, Africa and the Asian economies less advantaged." The alert appears in "Global Report on Human Agglomerations", which summarizes the meeting ( Habitat ) promoted by the UN in 1996 on the subject. Exacerbated by globalization, inequality between cities is a major cost of urban revolution. The Program Habitat shows that the average household income of the cities of industrialized countries is 38 times higher than that of African cities: U.S. $ 9,544 versus $ 252 per year. Even in the cities of industrialized countries, the richest 20% have an income 10 times higher than the poorest 20%. At acceleration of inequality was added to the crisis of the state governments that took much of their power of investment in infrastructure and social services. As a result, for a growing portion of the population, urban life also became synonymous with unemployment, poverty, violence, slums, congestion and pollution. Urbanization is faster in poor countries: on average 5% per year, versus 0.7% in developed countries. At the same time, there must be a multiplication of large cities in poor regions. In 1950, there were only about 100 urban agglomerations of more than 1 million people worldwide - mostly in rich countries. In 2015, according to the UN, there will be 527 cities. 3 And every four will be in less developed countries. (TOLEDO, José Roberto de. Folha de São Paulo ACTIVITY From the text 2 , what are the expectations that the author puts on life in big cities for this century? Do you agree with the author? Give your opinion. Construct a historical narrative comparing the contemporary context with the urbanization of the nineteenth century.
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Brzo, urbana revolucija je fenomen u drugoj polovici dvadesetog stoljeća. Od osnutka Jerihona, prva stijenki grad na svijetu, urbano stanovništvo je oko 9000 godina do 38% u svijetu u 1975. Od tada, on je skočio na 47%, a prema UN-projekcijama, dosegnuti 55% u 2015 i 61% u 2025. Odnosno, u samo 50 godina, gradskih stanovnika su pomnožen 1,5 milijarde do 5 milijarde ljudi - u protuvrijednosti od 500 000 gradova Sao Paulo. Ovo ukazuje na to da, unatoč predviđanjima da su nove informacijske tehnologije i akumulacije, a problemi u metropolama podrazumijevaju demontaža urbanog života, grad apsorbira promjene i još uvijek je motor znanstvenog razvoja. No, to ima svoju cijenu. "Broj stanovnika grada koji žive u apsolutnom siromaštvu naglo je porastao u 80, osobito u Latinskoj Americi, Africi i azijskih gospodarstava manje naprednim." U upozorenju se pojavljuje u "Globalno izvješće o stanju ljudskih aglomeracija", koji sažima sastanak ( Habitat ) promovira UN-u 1996 na temu. Pogoršano globalizacije, nejednakost između gradova je veliki trošak urbane revolucije. Program Habitat pokazuje da je prosječni dohodak kućanstva od gradova u razvijenim zemljama je 38 puta veća od afričkih gradova: US $ 9,544 u odnosu na 252 dolara po godini. Čak iu gradovima industrijaliziranim zemljama, najbogatiji 20% ima prihode 10 puta veći od najsiromašnijeg 20%. Na ubrzanje nejednakosti je upisan u krizi od vlada država koje su velik dio svoje moći ulaganja u infrastrukturu i društvene usluge. Kao rezultat toga, za sve veći dio stanovništva, urbani život je postao sinonim nezaposlenosti, siromaštva, nasilja, prljavština, zagušenja i zagađenja. Urbanizacija je brži u siromašnim zemljama: prosječno 5% godišnje, u usporedbi s 0,7% u razvijenim zemljama. U isto vrijeme, mora postojati množenja velikih gradova u siromašnim regijama. U 1950, bilo je samo oko 100 aglomeracija s više od milijun ljudi diljem svijeta - većinom u bogatim zemljama. U 2015, prema UN-u, bit će 527 gradova. 3 I svaka četiri će se u manje razvijenim zemljama. (TOLEDO, Jose Roberto de. Folha de Sao Paulo AKTIVNOST Iz teksta 2 , što su očekivanja da autor stavlja na život u velikim gradovima za ovog stoljeća? Slažete li se s autorom? Dajte svoje mišljenje. Konstruirajte povijesna pripovijest u odnosu na suvremeni kontekst s urbanizacijom devetnaestog stoljeća.