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Chemistry The thermoelectric power plant converts thermal energy into electricity. In the case of gas, it is used to heat water and turn it into steam. The pressurized steam drives turbines that produce electricity. The use of the methane gas produced by decomposing garbage city, is one of the clean development mechanisms provided by the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions - emissions of industrialized countries and to ensure a development model "clean" to developing countries. The document states that between 2008 and 2012, developed countries reduce their emissions by 5.2% compared to the levels measured in 1990. The treaty was established in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan, and signed by 84 countries. The agreement will enter into force after this happens in at least 55 countries. The agreement imposes different levels of reductions to 38 countries considered major emitters of carbon dioxide (CO and five other gases - gases. POOR WANT MONEY TO KEEP FOOT ON FOREST The COP-11 (Eleventh Conference of the Parties) of the UN Climate Convention began yesterday in Montreal, Canada, with the host asking for a broader action against global warming. Third World is coming to main novelty of COP-11. Tomorrow, a block of developing nations led by Costa Rica and New Guinea must make a radical proposal to the conference: they want to get money to preserve rain forests. The group, calling itself the Coalition of Rainforest, argues that the rest of the world is benefiting from the natural wealth of forests - including his role as climate regulators - without sharing the costs. One way to correct this imbalance would make the maintenance of forests, called avoided deforestation could generate tradable carbon credits internationally. The Kyoto Protocol, the only existing international agreement to reduce emissions of greenhouse studies fa as carbon dioxide, already allows, through the so-called Clean Development Mechanism, which poor countries to sell credits to countries with reduction targets to meet . The avoided deforestation, however, is outside the scheme. Brazil, a country that has the source of deforestation in two-thirds of its emissions - but always avoided dealing with the issue under Kyoto - must piggyback on the initiative of the coalition to propose also that reducing deforestation is compensated in some way a post Kyoto scheme. But without binding targets for reduction. www.folha.uol.com.br / science (sheet ONLINE, 29/11/2005)
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Kemija Termoelektrane pretvara toplinsku energiju u električnu energiju. U slučaju plina, ona se koristi za zagrijavanje vode i pretvoriti ga u paru. Tlakom parne turbine koje pokreće proizvodnju električne energije. Korištenje metana proizvedenog od strane raspadaju smeće grad, jedan je od mehanizama čistog razvoja koje Protokola iz Kyota. Kyoto protokol je međunarodni sporazum o smanjenju emisije stakleničkih plinova - emisija industrijaliziranih zemalja i osigurati razvojni model "čist" za zemlje u razvoju. U dokumentu se navodi da je između 2008 i 2012, razvijene zemlje smanjuju svoje emisije za 5,2% u odnosu na razine izmjerenih u 1990. Ugovor je osnovana 1997 godine u Kyotu, Japan, i potpisan od strane 84 zemalja. Sporazum će stupiti na snagu nakon što se to dogodi u najmanje 55 zemalja. Sporazum nameće različite razine smanjenja u 38 zemalja smatra glavni emiteri ugljičnog dioksida (CO i pet drugih plinova - plinovima. Siromašnih ŽELE novac da bi nogom na šumskim COP-11 (Jedanaesta Konferencija stranaka) Konvencije UN-a o klimatskim počeo jučer u Montrealu, Kanada, s domaćinom molba za širu akciju protiv globalnog zatopljenja. Treći svijet dolazi do glavne novosti COP-11 Sutra, blok zemalja u razvoju predvodi Kostarika i Novoj Gvineji moraju napraviti radikalan prijedlog na konferenciji:. Žele dobiti novac za očuvanje kišnih šuma. Skupina koja sebe naziva Koalicija Rainforest, tvrdi da je ostatak svijeta je korist od prirodnog bogatstva šuma - uključujući i njegovu ulogu kao klimatske regulatora - bez dijeljenja troškova. Jedan od načina kako ispraviti ovu neravnotežu bi održavanje šuma, zove izbjegavati krčenje šuma može generirati međunarodno razmje kredita ugljika u inozemstvo. Protokol iz Kyota, jedini postojeći međunarodni sporazum o smanjenju emisija stakleničkih studije fa kao ugljičnog dioksida, već dopušta, kroz tzv mehanizma čistog razvoja, što siromašne zemlje za prodaju kredite zemljama s redukcijskim ciljevima kako bi se zadovoljile . Izbjegavati krčenje šuma, međutim, izvan sustava. Brazil, zemlja koja ima izvor krčenja šuma u dvije trećine svojih emisija - ali uvijek izbjegavati bave pitanjem pod Kyoto - mora piggyback na inicijativu koaliciji predložiti i da se smanjuje uništavanje šuma kompenzira na neki način postavljati Kyoto shemu. No, bez obvezujućih ciljeva za smanjenje. www.folha.uol.com.br / Znanost (list ONLINE, 29/11/2005)