http___livro-ensino-medio.f1cf.com.br_historia_hr_history-242.html_1.xml
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According to historian Eric Hobsbawm's periodization, the historical invention of nation in Europe unfolded in three stages: the first (1830-1880), was linked to the principle of nationality, re-wounded to the idea of nation and territory, was also related to the discourse of liberal political economy, in the second stage (1880-1918) it was thought the "national idea", articulated language, religion and race, whose speech stemmed predominantly pequenosburgueses intellectuals, in particular Italians and Germans, and the third phase (1918 - 1960) was emphasized the "national question", from the political parties and the state. In Brazil, after achieving independence, the formation of the Brazilian state sought to link the idea of nation in order to ensure national unity. Therefore, the nation was adjusted to understand one Brazilian people. Both in literature and in other areas of knowledge we developed the idea of "national character" and "national identity", forging a national model. The "Brazilian national character" was perceived as positive or negative according to the political and social interests in question. In the positive outlook, the nation was formed by the mixture of three ethnicities: Indians, Africans and Europeans, disregarding racial prejudice. This view is configured by the good relationship between the big house and the slave quarters and paternalism of white on black. Thus, the "Brazilian character commendable" was formed by the relationship between the black and white good good, or negatively, between white and black lazy ignorant of "despicable character". Already, the negative outlook, the view of the formation of the "Brazilian national identity" and the relations between whites and blacks sought to mask the differences in the form of white violence and black resistance in relation to this. Thus, in neither case blacks were seen as social subjects, able to develop their own distinctive political consciousness. Another important aspect that contributed to the idea of nation, was how the Brazilian literature, through Romanticism (nineteenth century), portrayed the political independence and the formation of a positive image of Brazil and the Brazilian people. This romantic nationalism manifested in exaltation of nature motherland, the return to the past history (the European Middle Ages), described the Indians as heroes, seen in an idealized way, similar to the medieval knights. Romanticism in the nineteenth century, was represented, among others, by the nationalist poetry of Antonio Gonçalves Dias. In his verses Indianists, portrayed the Indian with artificial feelings and attitudes with European aspects, as you can see in the exaltation of the motherland Song of the Exile (1843) or in the passages of the poem I-Juca Pirama
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Prema povjesničar Eric Hobsbawm je periodizacije, povijesno izum nacije u Europi odvijao se u tri faze: prva (1830-1880), bio je povezan s načelom državljanstva, ponovno ranjen na ideju nacije i teritorija, također je povezan s diskursom liberalne političke ekonomije, u drugoj fazi (1880-1918) se mislilo da je "nacionalna ideja", artikuliran jezik, vjeru i rasu, čiji je govor stabljikom pretežito pequenosburgueses intelektualce, posebice Talijani i Nijemci, a treća faza (1918 - 1960) je naglasio "nacionalnog pitanja", od političkih stranaka i države. U Brazilu, nakon postizanja neovisnosti, formiranje brazilske države nastojao povezati ideju nacije kako bi se osiguralo nacionalno jedinstvo. Dakle, narod bio prilagođen razumjeti jedan brazilski narod. I u književnosti i drugim područjima znanja da smo razvili ideju "nacionalnog karaktera" i "nacionalni identitet", kovanje nacionalnih modela. "Brazilski nacionalni karakter" bilo shvaćeno kao pozitivan ili negativan prema političkih i društvenih interesa u pitanju. U pozitivnim izgledima, nacija je nastala u smjesu od tri etničke skupine: Indijci, Afrikanci i Europljani, zanemarujući rasne predrasude. Ovaj stav je konfiguriran po dobrim odnosima između velikoj kući i rob četvrtine i paternalizma bijelom bojom na crno. Dakle, "brazilski lik pohvalu" je nastala u odnosu između crne i bijele dobar dobar, ili negativno, između bijele i crne lijeni neznanju "prezira karaktera". Već, negativni outlook, pogled na formiranju "brazilskog nacionalnog identiteta" i odnosa između bijelaca i crnaca nastojao prikriti razlike u obliku bijelog i crnog nasilja otpora u odnosu na ovo. Dakle, ni u jednom slučaju crnci su vidjeli kao društveni subjekti, koji može razviti vlastiti prepoznatljiv političku svijest. Drugi važan aspekt koji je pridonio idejom nacije, kako je brazilska književnost, preko romantizma (devetnaesto stoljeće), portretirao političku neovisnost i stvaranje pozitivne slike o Brazilu i brazilske ljudi. Ova romantična nacionalizam očituje u veličanju prirode domovine, povratak u prošlost (europski srednji vijek), opisao je Indijance kao heroja, vidi u idealiziranom obliku, slično srednjovjekovnih vitezova. Romantizam u devetnaestom stoljeću, bila zastupljena, među ostalima, po nacionalističkoj poeziji Antonio Gonçalves Dias. U svojim stihovima Indianists, portretirao Indijanca s umjetnim osjećaje i stavove s europskim aspektima, kao što možete vidjeti u veličanju majčice pjesmu u izgnanstvu (1843) ili u odlomcima iz pjesme I-Juca Pirama