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Permanent Display 44. Zagreb in Independent Croatia By 1989, changes were being felt in Zagreb, and the first opposition parties were being set up. The rock concert by the group Prljavo kazalište on the Square of the Republic, as it then was, was highly significant. The fall of the Berlin Wall led to the collapse of communism in all the states of central and eastern Europe. The League of Communists of Yugoslavia was also to disintegrate (1990). On May 30 1990 the first multy-party Parliament was convened in Zagreb, and June 25 1991 saw the proclamation of the sovereign and independent Republic of Croatia. The firs president of the new Croatian state was Dr. Franjo Tuđman. With great enthusiasm, Zagreb set out on the transformation of society and the realisation of a major project called Zagreb – the Croatian metropolis, the first symbolic step towards which was the re-erection of the Ban Jelačić Monument on the place it had been removed from in 1947. In summer 1991 Croatia was forced into a war with an adversary led by Greater Serbian extremists abetted by the Yugoslav Army (JNA). The war for Croatian independence was the war of the entire Croatian people. Frequent air-raid warnings forced the citizens into improvised refuges and shelters. But the ability of the JNA to strike was paralysed by a blockade of the barracks in Zagreb. On October 7, 1991, at 15.10 hrs, JNA planes rocketed the Upper City, aiming at the Ban’s Palace, the political centre of Croatia. Numerous Zagreb people went off to the battlefield or took part in military operations by giving logistic support. The City of Zagreb, with the assistance of the international charities, especially Caritas, looked after more than 130,000 refugees and displaced persons. The life of the great city went on in spite of the wartime conditions. Sandbags piled up in the streets and in front of cultural monuments. Areas of glass were covered with sticky tape, which gave the town a new visual identity. Zagreb artists reacted vigorously to the new reality of war. In Zagreb, war exhibitions were put on, and artists organised themselves into a special squad and went off to the front to raise the morale of the soldiers. In August 1995, Zagreb celebrated the return of military units from the victorious OLUJA (Storm) campaign. The plan for the refurbishing of Zagreb’s streets and squares, for the building of new churches and commercial centres, is just part of the overall project of the metropolis in the future. Celebrations surrounding the 9th centenary of the See of Zagreb and the first written mention of the city were crowned by the visit of the Holy Father – Pope John Paul II – to Zagreb. Nada Premerl
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Stalni postav 44. Zagreb u samostalnoj državi Hrvatskoj U Zagrebu se već 1989. god. osjećaju promjene, osnivaju se prve oporbene stranke. Znakovitim je bio i rock-koncert Prljavog kazališta na tadašnjem Trgu Republike. Pad Berlinskog zida potaknuo je slom komunizma u svim drža-vama srednje i istočne Europe. Raspao se i Savez komunista Jugoslavije (1990). U Zagrebu je 30. svibnja 1990. god. konstituiran višestranački Sabor, a 25. lipnja 1991. god. uspostavljena je suverena i samostalna Republika Hrvatska. Franjo Tuđman je prvi predsjednik demokratske Hrvatske države. Zagreb je s oduševljenjem krenuo u preobrazbu društva i ostvarenje velikog projekta Zagreb - Hrvatska metropola, čiji je prvi simbolički korak bio ponovno postavljanje Spomenika banu Jelačiću na mjesto s kojeg je 1947. godine uklonjen. Dolaskom ljeta 1991. god. nametnut je Hrvatskoj rat, koji vode udruženi velikosrpski ekstremisti potpomognuti JNA. Domovinski rat je rat cjelokupnog hrvatskog naroda za obranu nezavisnosti hrvatske države. Učestale zračne uzbune prisiljavaju građane u improvizirane zaklone i skloništa. Blokadom zagrebačkih vojarni paralizirana je udarna moć JNA. Dana, 7. listopada 1991. god. u 15 sati i 10 minuta zrakoplovi JNA raketirali su Gornji grad, gađajući Banske dvore - političko središte Hrvatske države. Brojni Zagrepčani odlaze na bojišnicu, ili logističkom potporom sudjeluju u ratnim operacijama. Grad Zagreb uz pomoć međunarodnih humanitarnih organizacija, posebice Caritasa, zbrinjava više od 130.000 izbjeglica i prognanika. Život velegrada nastavlja se usprkos ratnim okolnostima. Na ulicama i ispred spomenika kulture gomilale su se vreće pijeska. Staklene površine oblijepljene su trakama koje su dale gradu novi vizualni identitet. Zagrebački su umjetnici snažno reagirali na ratnu stvarnost. U Zagrebu se organiziraju ratne izložbe, ali i umjetnici se organiziraju u posebnu postrojbu te odlaze na bojišnice kako bi podigli moral ratnika. U kolovozu 1995. Zagreb je proslavio povratak vojnih postrojbi iz pobjedonosne OLUJE. Projekt uređenja zagrebačkih ulica i trgova, gradnja novih crkvi i trgovačkih centara samo su dio budućeg projekta metropole. Proslavu 900-te obljetnice Zagrebačke biskupije i prvog spomena Zagreba okrunio je posjet Svetog oca - Pape Ivana Pavla II. - Zagrebu. Nada Premerl