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Equatorial Guinea, officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, is a country located in Middle Africa. It has two parts: a Continental Region (Río Muni), including several small offshore islands including Corisco, Elobey Grande and Elobey Chico; and an insular region containing Annobón island and Bioko island (formerly Fernando Po) where the capital Malabo is situated. Annobón is the southernmost island of Equatorial Guinea and is situated just south of the equator. Bioko island is the northernmost point of Equatorial Guinea. Between the two islands and to the east is the mainland region. Equatorial Guinea is bordered by Cameroon on the north, Gabon on the south and east, and the Gulf of Guinea on the west, where the island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe is located between Bioko and Annobón. Formerly the colony of Spanish Guinea, its post-independence name is suggestive of its location near both the equator and the Gulf of Guinea. Besides the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla on the Mediterranean coast next to Morocco, it is the only territory in mainland Africa with Spanish as the official language. With an area of Equatorial Guinea is one of the smallest countries in continental Africa. It is also the richest per capita; however, the wealth is distributed very unevenly, with 70% of the population living under the United Nations Poverty Threshold of $2/day. With a population of 650,702, Equatorial Guinea is the third-smallest country in continental Africa. It is also the second smallest United Nations (UN) member from continental Africa. The discovery of sizeable petroleum reserves in recent years is altering the economic and political status of the country. Its gross domestic product (GDP) per capita ranks 28th in the world; however, most of the country's considerable oil wealth actually lies in the hands of only a few people. Equatorial Guinea has one of the worst human rights records in the world, consistently ranking among the "worst of the worst" in Freedom House's annual survey of political and civil rights and Reporters Without Borders ranks President Obiang among its "predators" of press freedom. Out of 44 sub-Saharan countries, Equatorial Guinea ranks 9th highest in the Human Development Index (HDI) and 115th overall, which is among the medium HDI countries.
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Ekvatorska Gvineja je država u središnjoj Africi. Na zapadu izlazi na Gvinejski zaljev, dio Atlantskog oceana. Graniči s Kamerunom na sjeveru te Gabonom na istoku i jugu. Uz matično afričko kopno zemlja obuhvaća i pet otoka od kojih je najveći Bioko (prije zvan Fernando Po) na kojem se nalazi i glavni grad Malabo. Bioko je udaljen oko 40 km od najbližeg kamerunskog kopna i oko 200 km od matice. Ekvatorska Gvineja je, usprkos relativno maloj površini i broju stanovnika, zajednica velikog broja etničkih skupina od kojih je najznačajniji narod Fang. Otkriće velikih rezervi nafte u drugoj polovici devedesetih preobrazilo je gospodarstvo dotada jedne od slabije razvijenih afričkih zemalja. Ipak, većina stanovništva tek treba osjetiti naglo povećanje nacionalnog bogatstva.Neovisnost je postigao prvi predsjednik Francisco Macias Ngueme.