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Table 2 Do you know what are salts? Have you seen this in Chemistry classes? If you have not seen yet, adiantese your teacher: second scientist Arrhenius (1859 - 1927), "is a compound whose ions remaining after neutralization of an acid with a base. Generally salt is an ionic solid in which ions or H ions or OH are present. The salts are part of our day-to-day, surely you've consumed table salt (NaCl); may already have taken antacids stomach - the salt of fruit. A curiosity: the salts are not always white. The copper sulphate (CuSO ), for example, is blue and potassium dichromate (K Cr The ) is red-orange. Salinization Soils salts present in different levels. When this level rises, reaching a very high concentration, can impair the development of some plants more sensitive or even prevent the development of virtually all species. Each plant has its level of salt tolerance. But like salinization? Are all soils have the possibility of becoming saline? Generally soil salinization occurs in regions of low rainfall, which have a high deficit and where water drainage is difficult. The rainwater fall and to penetrate into the soil solubilization and transport of calcium ions (Ca ), magnesium (Mg ), sodium (Na ), Potassium (K ) and radical hydrogen carbonate ( HCO ), carbonate (CO ), sulfate (SO ), turning into a solution that goes into rivers, lakes and reservoirs. When this water is used to irrigate the soil (especially when it is shallow) in cold precipitation, which presents difficulty to water deficit and drainage, it becomes saline over time. In Brazil, the risk of soil salinization focuses on the semi-arid northeast and northern Minas Gerais. Regions where the dry period is more than five months per year, ie the deficit water is very large, so direct soil evaporation and plant transpiration - evaporation - are intense. The lower the value of the average annual precipitation and higher evapotranspiration, the greater the risk of salinization of soils when they are irrigated. But plants transpire? The plants are mostly composed of water, about 85% to 95%, of this water can be released through the leaves - leaf transpiration - in the form of steam, is the process of plant transpiration. Transpiration is the set of leaf stomatal transpiration (which occurs through the stomata also occurs where plant respiration) and cuticular transpiration (loss of water vapor through the cuticle). This will be different depending sweating the climate, so some plants, such as cacti, have adapted to dry regions to reduce perspiration. Many temperate regions have almost the same average annual rainfall, but evaporation is lower in these areas than in tropical regions, making the latter more susceptible to damage caused by this process.
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Tablica 2 Znate li što su soli? Jeste li vidjeli ovu u kemiji klase? Ako niste još vidjeli, adiantese svoju učiteljicu:. Drugi znanstvenik Arrhenius (1859 - 1927), "je složenica čiji ioni preostale nakon neutralizacije kiseline s bazom (...) Općenito sol je ionski solidan koji ioni ili H ioni ili OH prisutni ". Soli su dio naših dana u dan, sigurno ste konzumirali kuhinjske soli (NaCl), možda su već poduzete antacidi želudac - sol voća. Kuriozitet: soli nisu uvijek bijela. Bakar sulfat (CuSO ), na primjer, je plava i kalij dikromat (K Cr ) je crveno-narančaste. Zaslanjivanja Tala soli predstaviti u različitim razinama. Kada je ta razina raste, dosegnuvši vrlo visoku koncentraciju, može poremetiti razvoj nekih osjetljivijih biljaka ili čak spriječiti razvoj gotovo svih vrsta. Svaka biljka ima svoju razinu tolerancije soli. No, kao što zaslanjivanja? Jesu li svi tla imaju mogućnost postati slana? Općenito zaslanjenosti javlja u regijama niske oborina, koje imaju visok deficit i gdje odvod vode je teško. Kišnica jesen i prodrijeti u tlo solubilization i transport iona kalcija (Ca ), magnezij (Mg ), natrij (Na ), kalij (K ) i radikalne hidrogenkarbonat ( HCO ), karbonata (CO ), sulfat (SO ), pretvara u rješenje koje ide u rijeke, jezera i akumulacije. Kada se ta voda se koristi za navodnjavanje tla (pogotovo kad je plitko) u hladnoj padalina, što predstavlja poteškoće za Manjak vode i odvodnje, ona postaje slane tijekom vremena. U Brazilu, rizik od zaslanjivanja tla usredotočuje na polu-sušno sjeveroistoku i sjeveru Minas Gerais. Regije u kojima suhostaj je više od pet mjeseci godišnje, odnosno manjak vode je vrlo velik, tako da izravna Isparavanje tla i biljnog transpiracija - isparavanje - su intenzivne. Što je vrijednost manja od prosječne godišnje količine oborina i evapotranspiracije viša, to je veća opasnost od zaslanjivanja tla kada su se navodnjava. No, biljke desiti? Biljke se uglavnom sastoji od vode, oko 85% do 95%, ove vode, može biti oslobođen kroz lišće - list isparavanje - u obliku pare, je proces transpiracije biljaka. Transpiracija je skup list puči transpiracije (koja se pojavljuje kroz puči također pojavljuje tamo gdje je biljka disanje) i epidermijski transpiracija (gubitak vodene pare kroz kutikulu). To će biti različiti, ovisno znojenje klimu, tako da neke biljke, poput kaktusa, prilagodili su se osuši regije smanjiti znojenje. Mnogi umjerene regije imaju gotovo iste prosječna godišnja količina oborina, ali isparavanje je niža u tim područjima nego u tropskim krajevima, što potonji više osjetljiv na oštećenja uzrokovana tom procesu.