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with independent experiments in the mid-nineteenth century, they measured the speed of light in water, demonstrating that light is a wave that propagates in water with lower speed than in air. Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell(1831-1879) observed from equations that result from the junction, a changing electric field, a magnetic field also varies, manifested in waves that can propagate even through a vacuum. This junction had a mechanical wave properties, such as reflection, refraction, interference and energy transport. See Chapter 13 (Electromagnetic Fields) where these fields are treated more intensively. Figure 3: Figure diffraction obtained with a laser pointer. The bright regions exhibit constructive interference, while the darker are the result of destructive interference. Maxwell had the skill to gather the works of that time andintegrate them in a set of four equations that became known as Maxwell's equations. These equations showed that electromagnetic fields formed waves. Electromagnetic waves? It is, electric charges generate electric fields, and these same charges being in motion generates magnetic fields. But all this was considered stationary, with loads stops or in uniform motion. The large balcony Maxwell was expected that electric and magnetic fields could be "free" to your sources, andpropagate themselves through space in the form of electromagnetic waves. Another important aspect observed by Maxwell's electromagnetic waves that travel through the space with a speed equal to the speed of light in vacuum, close to 3.10 m / s. This speed, represented by c, associated to (the magnetic permeability of vacuum) and (permittivity) using the following equation: m / s (Adapted from: OLIVEIRA, 2005, p.38) The work of Maxwell were essential to give consistency to the electromagnetic wave theory of light. Later, the work of the German physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz(1857-1894), in 1887 contributed to validate the wave theory of light. Wave-particle duality of light
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s neovisnim pokusima u sredinom devetnaestog stoljeća, mjerili su brzinu svjetlosti u vodi, pokazujući da je svjetlost val koji se širi u vodi s nižim brzinama nego u zraku. Škotski fizičar James Clerk Maxwell(1831-1879) promatrana iz jednadžbe da je rezultat od čvora, mijenjanje električnog polja, magnetskog polja također varira, očituje se u valovima koji može propagirati čak i kroz vakuum. Ovaj spoj je imao mehaničkih valova svojstva, kao što su refleksije, loma, smetnji i transporta energije. Vidi Poglavlje 13 (elektromagnetska polja) gdje su ti polja su tretirane intenzivnije. Slika 3: Slika difrakcije dobiveni s laserskim pokazivačem. Svijetle regije imaju konstruktivnu interferenciju, a tamnije su rezultat destruktivnog utjecaja. Maxwell je imao vještinu okupiti djela tog vremena iintegrirati ih u četiri seta jednadžbi koji je postao poznat kao Maxwellove jednadžbe. Ove jednadžbe pokazuju da elektromagnetska polja formirana valove. Elektromagnetski valovi? To je, električna naknade generiranje električne polja, a ti isti optužbi u pokretu stvara magnetsko polje. No, sve to se smatralo stacionarni, s teretom zaustavljanja ili u odori pokretu. Veliki balkon Maxwell je očekivati da magnetska i električna polja mogu biti "besplatno" na svoje izvore,i širekroz svemir u obliku elektromagnetskih valova. Drugi važan aspekt promatrali Maxwellove elektromagnetskih valova koji putuju kroz prostor brzinom koja je jednaka brzini svjetlosti u vakuumu, blizu 3,108 Ova brzina, koju zastupa c, povezan su (vakuum permeabilnost) i (električna permitivnost) pomoću sljedeće jednadžbe: m / s (Preuzeto iz: Oliveira, 2005, str.38) Rad Maxwell su neophodni kako bi se uskladile s elektromagnetski val teorija svjetlosti. Kasnije, rad njemačkog fizičara Heinrich Rudolf Hertz(1857-1894) u 1887 pridonijeli provjeriti valnu teoriju svjetlosti. Val-čestica dualnost svjetlosti211