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Stomach cancer: Gastroenterology / / August 12, 2017 stomach cancer video Stomach cancer - a malignant tumor originating from the epithelium of the gastric mucosa. One of the main alternative name - adenocarcinoma of the stomach. stomach is part of the digestive system, hollow organ in the upper abdomen, under the ribs. Food passes into the stomach from the mouth, through the esophagus. In the stomach, food becomes a liquid. The muscles in the stomach wall pushing the fluid into the small intestine. stomach wall consists of five layers: - an inner layer or lining (mucosa). In most cases of stomach cancer starts in this layer; - submucosa - is to support the inner layer of the fabric; - muscle layer - this layer muscle is mixed and ground meat; - connective tissue (subseroza) - is the support tissue for the outer layer; - the outer layer (serous) - it covers the stomach and supports the stomach. cancer cells begins building blocks that make up the fabric. From tissues, in turn, comprise the body's organs. Normally, cells grow and divide to form new c However, sometimes this process is disturbed, and proceeds differently. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old or damaged cells do not die as they should. The accumulation of additional cells often forms a mass of tissue, called a "neoplasm", "polyp" or "tumor". stomach tumors may be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumors are not as harmful as malignant. Benign tumors: - rarely a threat to life; - can be removed and usually do not grow again; - not penetrate into the tissue around them; - do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant tumors: - may pose a greater threat to life; - it can often be removed, but can sometimes grow back; - can invade nearby tissues and organs and damage them; - could spread to other parts of the body. Stomach cancer usually begins in the cells of the inner layer of the stomach. Over time, cancer can invade and into the deeper layers of the stomach wall. Gastric tumor can grow through the outer layer of the body in adjacent organs - the liver, pancreas, esophagus, intestines. cells of gastric cancer can spread, breaking away from the original tumor. They enter the blood or lymphatic vessels, which ramify all tissues. Cancer cells can be found in the lymph nodes in the stomach. These cells can spread to other tissues and grow to form new tumors that may damage these tissues. The spread of cancer is called metastasis. types of gastric cancer cells that form tumors, determine the type of gastric cancer.type cells in gastric cancer helps determine the patient's treatment options. Types of stomach cancer are: - Adenocarcinoma - cancer that begins in the glandular cells. The glandular cells lining the innermost layer of the stomach wall and secrete a protective slime layer - to protect the gastric mucosa from the acidic digestive juices. Adenocarcinoma accounts for the majority of all cases of gastric cancer; - Lymphoma - cancer that begins in cells of the immune system. Stomach walls contain small amounts of immune cells which may develop cancer. Lymphoma in the stomach is rare; - Carcinoid cancer - cancer that begins in the hormone-producing cells. Hormone-producing cells can develop carcinoid cancer, but this type of cancer is rare in the stomach; - stromal tumors - cancer that begins in the tissues of the nervous system. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors begin in specific cells of the nervous system in the stomach. This is the most rare form of stomach cancer. Due to the fact that the last three kinds of rare stomach cancer, when people use the term "stomach cancer" they are usually referring to adenocarcinoma. Stomach cancer also classified according to the location of the tumor in the body: - cardia cancer otdela- area pischevodno- gastric junction; - cancer of the lower third of the esophagus; - cancer of the stomach body; - cancer of the antrum (output card); - cancer of the stomach angle (the angle between the stomach and duodenum); - total defeat at the infiltrative gastric cancers . Causes and risk factors of gastric Adenocarcinoma Cancer starts with one of the most common cell types found in the gastric mucosa. Doctors seldom know why one person develops cancer of the stomach, and the other - no. The exact cause of stomach cancer is unknown, but several factors may increase the risk of this disease. Let us consider some of the risk factors for cancer of the stomach: - Paul. Men have twice the risk of developing stomach cancer than women; - Race. blacks and Asians may increase the risk; - Genetics. Genetic abnormalities and inherited cancer syndromes, some may increase the risk; - Geography. Stomach cancer is more common in Japan, Eastern Europe and parts of Central and South America; - Blood. People with the 1st blood group may be at increased risk; - Older age. gastric cancer is more common between the ages of 70 males and 74 - in women; - Heredity. family history of gastric cancer can double or triple the risk of developing this type of cancer. The disease often develops in several close relatives (parents, brothers, sisters, children, etc.), persons with a history of gastric cancer. The more close relatives with a history of gastric cancer, the higher the risk; - Poor diet, lack of physical activity, obesity. Studies show that people who use a diet low in fruits and vegetables and high in salted, pickled and smoked, and smoking - are at increased risk of developing gastric cancer. On the other hand, people who enjoy a diet high in fresh fruits and vegetables may have a lower risk of the disease. Lack of physical activity can also increase the risk of stomach cancer. In addition, people who are obese may have an increased risk of cancer in the upper part of the stomach.; - Infection with Helicobacter Pylori (Helicobacter pylori, or H. Pylori). Helicobacter pylori - the bacterium that infects the inner lining of the stomach. Infection with H. Pylori can cause stomach inflammation and ulcers, as well as increase the risk of stomach cancer. But only a small number of infected people develop stomach cancer. - gastrointestinal disease , including: chronic gastritis, pernicious anemia, gastric polyps, intestinal metaplasia - up to the resection of the stomach, long-term inflammation of the stomach and the stomach swelling for a long time (chronic atrophic gastritis). People who have a disease associated with long-term inflammation of the stomach, are at increased risk of developing stomach cancer. In addition, people who have been part of the stomach is removed, may have long-term inflammation of the stomach and an increased risk of stomach cancer many years after surgery. - Smoking. Smokers are more likely than non-smokers, develop stomach cancer. Heavy smokers are most at risk. - Polyps in the stomach more than 2 centimeters; - Nekotrye profession, such expedition working in coal mining, nickel, rubber processing, wood and works by exposure to asbestos. Doctors know that people with certain risk factors are more likely than others to earn a cancer of the stomach. A risk factor is something that may increase the likelihood of getting the disease. However, many people do not develop stomach cancer by known risk factors. For example, many people have H. Pylori infection but never develop cancer. On the other hand, there are people who develop stomach cancer and who thus have no known risk factors (the cause of their cancer is unknown). Symptoms of stomach cancer - symptoms in the early stages of stomach cancer. In the early stages of stomach cancer in a patient can be very few symptoms. These may include: - indigestion and stomach discomfort; - bloated feeling after eating; - recurrent abdominal pain, aching, nagging, blunt (under the left edge of the ribs), often occurring after a meal - mild nausea; - loss of appetite; - heartburn - difficulty swallowing; - vomiting blood or blood in the stool. These symptoms are similar to those caused by the ulcer. In most cases, these symptoms are associated with cancer. If the patient experiences any of these symptoms, he should consult a doctor to find out the correct diagnosis and early treatment. Rak stomach can become very large before it causes other symptoms - The symptoms of stomach cancer at advanced stages. In more advanced stages of cancer can be: - palpable tumor in the upper and middle parts of the abdomen; - blood in the stool (which looks like a black, tarry stool); - vomiting blood - "coffee grounds"; - an increase in the size of the stomach; - jaundice or pallor of the skin due to anemia; - weakness or fatigue associated with moderate anemia (lack of red blood cells in the body); - swollen lymph nodes, supraclavicular priemuschestvenno the left, the left axillary lymph nodes and around the navel. Diagnosis of gastric cancer If a patient has symptoms suggestive of stomach cancer, his doctor will check whether they are associated with cancer or any for some other reason. The doctor may refer the patient to a gastroenterologist (a specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive problems). However, if any patient vague symptoms - such as diarrhea, weight loss, nausea and loss of appetite, it screening tests may be recommended. These tests may include: - Medical history. doctor will ask about the patient's personal and family health history; - Medical examination. doctor touched his stomach - whether there is fluid, swelling, or other changes. Also, the doctor will check to see whether the lymph nodes are enlarged, and if the liver and fluid in the abdominal cavity increased (ascites), not whether abdominal lumps felt during rectal examination; - Endoscopy (gastroscopy). The doctor uses a thin tube (endoscope) through the mouth to the esophagus and into the stomach to look. He primarily numbs the throat spray anesthetic. The patient may receive medicine to help him relax; - biopsy. The endoscope integrated tool to remove tissue. The physician uses an endoscope to remove tissue from the stomach tissue check under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells. A biopsy is the only sure way to know whether there are cancer cells in the stomach; If the biopsy shows that a patient with stomach cancer, the doctor needs to learn the stage (stage, degree) of the disease to help patients choose the best treatment. Thus, it carried out a careful attempt to find out the following: - how deep the tumor penetrates the stomach wall; - whether the tumor has invaded nearby tissues in the stomach; - if the cancer has spread, in any part of the body. When gastric cancer spreads, cancer cells may be detected in nearby lymph nodes, liver, pancreas, esophagus, intestines or other organs. To test these regions, a physician may prescribe other analyzes. - esophagogastroscopy. Examination of the esophagus and the stomach, produced by using flexible fiberoptic endoscopy, which create favorable conditions not only for examination, but allow using a special tool to obtain material for cytology and perform a biopsy. - Diagnostic laparoscopy. This operation is performed under intravenous anesthesia through punctures in the abdominal wall where the camera is introduced for inspection of the abdominal cavity. Used study in unclear cases, as well as to detect sprouting tumor into the surrounding tissue, and liver metastases, and peritoneal biopsy. - X-ray contrast agent. This X-ray of the esophagus, stomach and first part of the intestine. The patient drinks barium, which outlines the stomach on an x-ray. This helps the doctor by using a special imaging equipment, to find possible tumors or other abnormal areas; - CT and MRI. Once diagnosed with cancer of the stomach, can be done more tests to determine if it has spread. These tests may include: CT scan, MRI scan, bone scan. X-ray machine linked to a computer takes a series of detailed pictures of the patient organs. The patient may receive an injection of dye which makes abnormal areas easily visible. Tumors in the liver, the pancreas, or elsewhere in the body can also be seen on the CT scan; - Analyses. Complete blood count to check for anemia, a test to check for blood in the stool. : - chest x-ray. X-rays can show whether cancer has spread to the lungs; - Ultrasonic endoscopy. doctor passes a thin tube of the endoscope into the throat. A probe at the end of the tube sends inaudible sound waves. These waves are reflected from tissue in the stomach and other organs. Computer generated image with an echo. The picture can show how deeply the cancer invaded the stomach wall. Your doctor may use a needle to take a sample of the patient lymph node tissue; gastric cancer - Stage 0 - the tumor is found only in the inner layer of the stomach. Stage 0 is also called "carcinoma in situ". - Stage I is one of the following actions Cancer: - the tumor has invaded only the submucosa. Cancer cells can be found only in the lymph nodes of 06/01; - the tumor has invaded the muscle layer or subserozu. Cancer cells have not spread to lymph nodes or other organs. - Stage II is one of the following actions Cancer: - the tumor has invaded only the submucosa. Cancer cells have spread to the lymph nodes 7-15; - the tumor has invaded the muscle layer or subserozu. Cancer cells have spread to 1-6 lymph nodes; - the tumor has penetrated into the outer layer of the stomach. Cancer cells have not spread to lymph nodes or other organs. - Stage III is one of the following actions Cancer: - the tumor has invaded the muscle layer or subserozu. Cancer cells have spread to the lymph nodes 7-15; - tumor penetrated the outer layer. Cancer cells have spread to the lymph nodes 1-15; - the tumor has invaded adjacent organs - liver, large intestine or spleen. Cancer cells have not spread to lymph nodes or distant organs. Stage IV is one of the following actions Cancer: - cancer cells have spread to more than 15 lymph nodes; - the tumor has invaded nearby organs and at least one lymph node; - cancer cells have spread to distant organs. Sometimes, immediately after surgery to remove the tumor and nearby lymph nodes, setting the stage of gastric cancer is not complete. When stomach cancer spreads from its original site to other parts of the body, the new tumor has the same abnormal cells with the same name as the primary (original) tumor. For example, if stomach cancer spreads to the liver, the cancer cells in the liver, in fact - is a gastric cancer cell. This disease is metastatic cancer of the stomach, but not liver. For this reason, it is considered as gastric cancer, not liver cancer. Doctors call the new tumor "distant" or metastatic disease.
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Rak želuca : Gastroenterologija / / August 12, 2017 raka želuca Video Rak želuca - maligni tumor koji potječe iz epitela sluznice želuca.Jedan od glavnih alternativnim nazivom - adenokarcinom želuca. želudac je dio probavnog sustava, šuplji organ u gornjem abdomenu, ispod rebara.Hrana, ide u trbuh iz usta, kroz jednjak.U želucu, hrana postaje tekuća.Mišići stijenke želuca gura tekućinu u tanko crijevo. želudac zid se sastoji od pet slojeva: - unutarnji sloj ili sluznice (sluznice).U većini slučajeva počinje raka želuca u ovom sloju; - submukoza - je podržati unutarnji sloj tkanine;sloj mišića - - ovaj sloj mišića je mješovita i mljevenog mesa; - vezivno tkivo (subseroza) - je podrška tkiva za vanjski sloj; - vanjski sloj (serozni) - to se odnosi na želudac i podržava želudac. stanice raka počinje izgradnja blokova koje čine tkaninu.Iz tkiva, pak, sadrže tjelesnih organa.Normalno, stanice rastu i dijele se formirati nove stanice kada ih tijelo treba.Kada se stanice ostare, umru, a nove stanice zauzeti njihovo mjesto. Međutim, ponekad je taj tumori želuca mogu biti benigni (nije kancerogen) ili maligni (zloćudni).Benigni tumori nisu toliko štetna kao i maligne. Benigni tumori: - rijetko prijetnja za život; - može biti uklonjena i obično ne opet rasti; - ne prodiru u tkivo oko njih; - ne šire na druge dijelove tijela. Maligni tumori: - može predstavljati veću opasnost za život; - to često može biti uklonjena, ali ponekad može rasti natrag; - može upasti u blizini tkiva i organa i oštetiti ih; - mogla proširiti na druge dijelove tijela. rak želuca obično počinje u stanicama unutarnji sloj želuca.Tijekom vremena, rak može upasti i u dublje slojeve stijenke želuca.Želučani tumor može rasti kroz vanjski sloj tijela u susjednim organa - jetre, gušterače, jednjaka, crijeva. stanice karcinoma želuca može širiti, razbijanje daleko od izvornog tumora.Oni ulaze krvne ili limfne žile, što razgranati sva tkiva.Stanice karcinoma mogu se naći u limfne čvorove u želucu.Te stanice mogu širiti na druga tkiva i raste u obliku nove tumore koji mogu oštetiti ta tkiva. Širenje raka se naziva metastaza. vrste raka želuca stanica koje formiraju tumore, odrediti vrstu karcinoma želuca.Vrsta stanice u rak želuca, pomaže u određivanju mogućnosti liječenja pacijenta.Vrste raka želuca su: - Adenokarcinom - rak koji počinje u žljezdane stanice.Žljezdane stanice koje najdublje sloj stijenke želuca i luče zaštitni sloj sluz - zaštititi želučane sluznice iz kiselih probavni sokovi.Adenokarcinom računi za većinu slučajeva raka želuca; - limfom - raka koja počinje u stanicama imunološkog sustava.Želudac zidovi sadrže male količine stanica imunološkog sustava koje se mogu razviti rak.Limfom u želucu je rijedak; - karcinoid rak - rak koji počinje u stanicama hormona koje proizvode.Stanice hormon koji proizvodi može razviti karcinoid rak, ali je ova vrsta raka je rijetka u želucu; - strome tumora - rak koji počinje u tkivima živčanog sustava.Gastrointestinalnih stromalnih tumora početi u specifične stanice živčanog sustava u želucu.To je najviše rijedak oblik raka želuca. S obzirom na činjenicu da je u posljednje tri vrste rijetkog raka želuca, kada ljudi koriste termin "rak želuca", oni su obično se odnosi na adenokarcinom. Rak želuca također klasificirani prema mjestu tumora u tijelu: - karcinom kardija otdela- području pischevodno- želuca čvora; - rak donjoj trećini jednjaka; - karcinom tijela kroz želudac; - rak antruma (izlaz kartice); - karcinom želuca kut (kut između želuca i duodenuma); - ukupni poraz na inflitrativni želučanog karcinoma . uzroci i faktori rizika od želuca adenokarcinom Rak počinje s jednim od najčešćih tipova stanica koje se nalaze u sluznici želuca. Liječnici najčešće ne znaju zašto je jedna osoba razvije rak želuca, a drugi - ne.Točan uzrok raka želuca je nepoznat, ali nekoliko faktora može povećati rizik od ove bolesti. Razmotrimo neke od faktora rizika za rak želuca: - Paul. Muškarci imaju dvostruko veći rizik od razvoja raka želuca nego žene; - utrke. crnci i Azijci mogu povećati rizik; - genetika. Genetski poremećaji i sindromi raka naslijedili, neki mogu povećati rizik; - Geografija. Rak želuca je više zajedničkog u Japanu, Europi i dijelovima Srednje i Južne Amerike; - Blood. Osobe s 1. krvne grupe mogu biti pod povećanim rizikom; - starije životne dobi. karcinom želuca je više zajedničkog u dobi od 70 muškaraca i 74 između - u žena; - nasljednost. obiteljska anamneza raka želuca može udvostručiti ili utrostručiti rizik od razvoja ove vrste raka.Bolest se često razvija u nekoliko bliskih srodnika (roditelji, braća, sestre, djeca, itd), osobe s poviješću raka želuca.Više bliskih srodnika s pojavom raka želuca, to je veći rizik; - Loša prehrana, manjak fizičke aktivnosti, pretilost. Istraživanja pokazuju da ljudi koji koriste dijeti niska u voća i povrća, te visoko u slani, kiseli i dimljeni, i pušenje - imaju povećan rizik od razvoja raka želuca.S druge strane, ljudi koji uživaju visok prehrane u svježem voću i povrću imaju manji rizik od bolesti.Nedostatak tjelesne aktivnosti također mogu povećati rizik od raka želuca.Osim toga, ljudi koji su pretili mogu imati povećani rizik od raka u gornjem dijelu trbuha.; - Infekcija s Helicobacter pylori (Helicobacter pylori, ili H. pylori).Helicobacter pylori - bakteriju koja inficira unutarnje sluznice želuca.Infekcija s H. pylori može izazvati upalu želuca i čireva, ali i povećati rizik od raka želuca.No, samo mali broj zaraženih osoba razvije rak želuca. - bolesti probavnog trakta , uključujući: kronični gastritis, opasan anemija, želučanih polipa, intestinalne metaplazije - sve do resekcija želuca, dugotrajna upala želuca i oticanje za dugo vremena u želucu (kronični atrofični gastritis).Ljudi koji imaju bolesti povezane s dugoročnim upala želuca, imaju povećan rizik od razvoja raka želuca.Osim toga, ljudi koji su bili dio trbuha je uklonjena, možda dugoročno upalu želuca i povećani rizik od raka želuca mnogo godina nakon operacije. - Pušenje. Pušači su češće nego nepušači, oboljeti od raka želuca.Teški pušači su najviše izloženi riziku. - Polipi u želucu više od 2 centimetra; - Nekotrye zanimanje, takva ekspedicija rade u rudnicima, nikal, gume prerade, drva i djela izloženosti azbestu. Liječnici znaju da ljudi s određenim čimbenicima rizika imaju veću vjerojatnost od drugih da zaradite rak želuca.Faktor rizika je nešto što može povećati vjerojatnost za dobivanje bolesti.Međutim, mnogi ljudi ne razvijaju rak želuca, poznatim čimbenicima rizika.Na primjer, mnogi ljudi imaju H. pylori infekcije, ali nikad ne razvije rak.S druge strane, postoje ljudi koji razvijaju rak želuca i koji je tako nemaju poznate faktore rizika (uzrok njihove raka je nepoznat). Simptomi raka želuca - simptomi u ranoj fazi raka želuca. U ranim stadijima raka želuca kod pacijenta može biti vrlo malo simptoma.To može uključivati: - probavne smetnje i želuca nemir; - osjećaj nadutosti poslije jela; - ponavljaju bolovi u trbuhu, bolovi, prigovaralo, tup (ispod lijevog ruba rebara), često se javlja nakon obroka - blaga mučnina; - gubitak apetita; - žgaravica - otežano gutanje; - povraćanje krvi ili krv u stolici. Ovi simptomi su slični onima koje uzrokuju ulkusa.U većini slučajeva ovi simptomi povezani s rakom.Ako pacijent iskustva bilo koji od ovih simptoma, treba konzultirati liječnika kako biste saznali točnu dijagnozu i rano liječenje. .Rak želudac može postati vrlo velik prije nego što uzrokuje i druge simptome - Simptomi raka želuca na naprednim stadijima. u naprednijim fazama raka mogu biti: - opipljiv tumor u gornjem i srednjem dijelu trbuha; - krv u stolici (koji izgleda kao crna Ostani stolici); - povraćanje krvi - "kave"; - povećanje veličine želuca; - žutica ili bljedilo kože zbog anemije; - slabost ili umor povezan s umjerenom anemijom (manjak crvenih krvnih stanica u tijelu); - povećani limfni čvorovi, supraklavikularne priemuschestvenno lijevo, lijevi aksilarne limfne čvorove i oko pupka. Dijagnoza raka želuca Ako pacijent ima simptome koji upućuju na rak želuca, njegov liječnik će provjeriti da li su povezani s rakom ili bilo iz nekog drugog razloga.Liječnik može uputiti pacijenta na gastroenterolog (specijalist u dijagnostici i liječenju probavnih problema).Međutim, ako bilo koji pacijent nejasne simptome - kao što su proljev, gubitak težine, mučnina i gubitak apetita, to screening testovi mogu se preporučiti.Ovi testovi mogu uključivati: - povijest bolesti. liječnik će vas pitati o pacijenta osobnog i obiteljskog zdravstvenoj povijesti; - liječnički pregled. liječnik dotaknuo trbuh - da li postoji tekućina, oticanje, ili druge promjene.Također, liječnik će provjeriti da li su limfni čvorovi povećani, a ako je jetra i tekućine u trbušnoj šupljini (ascites povećana), a ne da li trbušne kvržice osjećali tijekom rektalni pregled; - Endoskopija (gastroskopija). Liječnik koristi tanke cijevi (endoskop) kroz usta do jednjaka i u želudac gledati.On je prije svega numbs grlo sprej anestetik.Pacijent može primiti lijek da mu pomogne opustiti; - biopsija. endoskop integrirani alat za uklanjanje tkiva.Liječnik koristi endoskop za uklanjanje tkiva iz prijavi želuca tkiva pod mikroskopom za prisutnost stanica raka.Biopsija je jedini siguran način da se zna da li postoje stanice raka u želucu; Ako biopsija pokaže da pacijent s rakom želuca, liječnik treba naučiti na pozornici (stadij, stupanj) bolesti kako bi se pacijenti odabrati najbolji tretman.Dakle, to izvesti pažljivo pokušaj saznati sljedeće: - koliko je duboko tumor prodire u zid želuca; - da li je tumor napao obližnje tkiva u želucu; - ako se rak proširio, u bilo kojem dijelu tijela.Kad raka želuca širi, stanice raka mogu se otkriti u obližnje limfne čvorove, jetru, gušteraču, jednjak, crijeva i drugih organa.Za testiranje ove krajeve, liječnik može propisati i druge analize. - esophagogastroscopy.Ispitivanje jednjaka i želuca, proizvedene pomoću fleksibilnog fiberoptički endoskopiju, koji stvaraju povoljne uvjete ne samo za pregled, ali dopustiti pomoću posebnog alata za dobivanje materijala za citologiju i obaviti biopsiju. - Dijagnostička laparoskopija. Ova operacija se izvodi pod intravenske anestezije putem punkcije u trbušnom zidu, gdje se uvodi kamera za pregled trbušne šupljine.Koristi studiju u nejasnim slučajevima, kao i za otkrivanje klijanje tumor u okolno tkivo i jetrenih metastaza, i peritonealnoj biopsiju. - X-ray kontrastno sredstvo. Ovaj rendgenski jednjaka, želuca i prvi dio crijeva.Pacijentica pića barij, koja ocrtava želudac na x-ray.To pomaže liječniku pomoću posebnog opreme za snimanje, kako bi pronašli eventualne tumore ili druge abnormalna područja; - CT i MRI. Nakon rak želuca dijagnosticiran, može učiniti više testova kako bi se utvrdilo je li se proširio.Ovi testovi mogu uključivati: CT, MRI skeniranje, skeniranje kostiju.Rentgen povezan s računalom odvija niz detaljnih slika organa bolesnika.Pacijent može primiti injekciju boje što ga čini abnormalna područja lako vidljivi.Tumori u jetri, gušterači, ili negdje drugdje u tijelu može se vidjeti na CT; - Analize. Kompletna krvna za provjeru anemije, test za provjeru za krv u stolici. : - rentgenska slika. X-zrake mogu pokazati da li se rak proširio na pluća; - Ultrazvučno endoskopija. liječnik prolazi tanku cijev endoskopa u grlu.Sonda je na kraju cijevi šalje nečujne zvučne valove.Ovi valovi se reflektiraju od tkiva u želucu i druge organe.Računalno generiranih slika odjekom.Slika može pokazati kako duboko rak napao stijenke želuca.Vaš liječnik može koristiti iglu uzeti uzorak pacijenta tkiva limfnog čvora; rak želuca - Faza 0 - tumor je pronađen samo u unutrašnjem sloju želuca.Faza 0 se također naziva "carcinoma in situ". - Faza I je jedan od sljedećih raka akcije: - tumor je provalila samo submukozi.Stanice raka se može naći samo u limfnim čvorovima 06/01; - tumor je provalila mišićni sloj ili subserozu.Stanice raka se ne proširio na limfne čvorove ili druge organe. - Faza II je jedan od sljedećih raka akcije: - tumor je provalila samo submukozi.Stanice raka su se proširila na limfne čvorove 7-15; - tumor je provalila mišićni sloj ili subserozu.Stanice raka su se proširile na 1-6 limfnih čvorova; - tumor je prodrla u vanjski sloj želuca.Stanice raka se ne proširio na limfne čvorove ili druge organe. - Faza III je jedan od sljedećih raka akcije: - tumor je provalila mišićni sloj ili subserozu.Stanice raka su se proširila na limfne čvorove 7-15; - tumor probio vanjski sloj.Stanice raka su se proširila na limfne čvorove 1-15; - tumor je provalila susjednih organa - jetre, debelog crijeva ili slezenu.Stanice raka se ne proširio na limfne čvorove ili udaljene organe. Stage IV je jedan od sljedećih radnji Rak: - stanice raka su se proširila na više od 15 limfnih čvorova; - tumor je provalila u blizini organa, a najmanje jedan limfni čvor; - stanice raka su se proširila na udaljene organe. Ponekad, odmah nakon operacije kako bi se uklonili tumor i obližnje limfne čvorove, postavljanje stadij raka želuca nije potpun.Kada se rak želuca širi od svog izvornog mjesta na druge dijelove tijela, novi tumor ima iste abnormalne stanice s istim imenom kao primarne (izvorne) tumora.Na primjer, ako rak želuca širi u jetru, stanice raka u jetri, u stvari - je rak želuca stanica.Ova bolest je metastazirajući rak želuca, ali ne i jetre.Iz tog razloga, smatra se kao rak želuca, a ne od raka jetre.Liječnici nazivaju novi tumor "daleke" ili metastatske bolesti.