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History Propylaea (Acropolis stairs) and Paternon (the temple of the goddess Athena, Document 1 Most urban citizens were wealthy landowners who developed their economic activities related to agriculture, where they obtained their income and also invested in slaves. The economic base of non-citizens was trade, manufacturing weapons, ceramics, etc.., or borrowing money. In the fifth century BC, Athens wealth came primarily from taxes levied on the cities of the Delian League (coalition -military maritime cities, led by Athens from 478 BC), trade and silver extracted from the mines of Laurio (Greek city, located in the Attica). These sources of funds allowed economic development to support democracy in Athens, as well as maintenance of citizens and other residents, as well as construction of major works. Text 2 The city became the capital of Hellas and citizens were aware of it. In the sixth century BC, the city, though large, irregularly grown, his religious center was located in the Acropolis, which was once occupied by the fortified palace of the kings and was now dedicated to Athena, the patron goddess of Athens, and the location of its modest temple built with local stone. Pisistratus did much for Athens. Built a large and convenient central market, improved water supply, paved a road to the majestic Acropolis, where he erected a new central temple to the goddess Athena. All this was destroyed by the Persian invasion. From 479 BC, the restoration work of destruction pursued actively. Cimon was remarkable in that task. He rebuilt the city, particularly the market which also served as scholarship and social club and was the place where they made some political business. However the Acropolis was still in ruins. Pericles, the leader and organizer of the Athenian Empire, undertook the task of restoration. Athens spent millions to transform the Acropolis in the most perfect architectural productions, adorned with an entire museum masterpieces in stone color. In its slopes there were private houses or shops, only few shrines, including that of Asclepius, gave life to the steep slopes of the hill. On the right is the majestic Parthenon, Athena Partenos home to a large Doric temple. So was the center of Athens, the rest of the city was ugly and insignificant, with narrow, winding streets, modest houses, shops and workshops, noise, dust and mud. Moreover, men of Athens not spent much time at home. The market, Pnix, where the popular assembly met, the courts and the council chamber were the places where the upper classes spent their time. The lower class worked on the docks and warehouses of Piraeus, or in their stores and workshops. (Adapted from Rostovtzeff, 1986, p.173-178.) b) The city of Rome : located on the Italian Peninsula, accounted for the Romans an environment of life in society, the center of civil life. However, the city of Rome grew without planning. Most of the city had tall houses and undeveloped, the streets were narrow and crooked and hindered the buildings central purpose Cities in History
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Povijest Propylaea (Akropola stepenice) i Paternon (hram božice Atene, Document 1 Većina urbanih građani su bili bogati zemljoposjednici koji su razvili svoje gospodarske aktivnosti vezane uz poljoprivredu, gdje su dobili svoje prihode i ulaže u roblje. Ekonomska baza nedržavljane je trgovina, proizvodnja oružja, keramika, itd.., ili posuđivanje novca. U petom stoljeću prije Krista, Atena bogatstvo došla prvenstveno od poreza koji je u gradovima Delskog saveza (koalicijski -vojne pomorske gradove, predvođeni Ateni od 478 BC), trgovina i srebra izvađen iz rudnika Laurio (grčki grad, koji se nalazi u Attica). Ovi izvori sredstava dozvoljeno gospodarskog razvoja za podršku demokracije u Ateni, kao i održavanju građana i ostalih stanovnika, kao i izgradnja glavnih radova. Tekst 2 Grad je postao glavni grad Hellas, a građani su svjesni toga. U šestom stoljeću prije Krista, grad, iako je velik, neredovito narasla, njegovo vjersko središte nalazilo u Akropoli, koja je nekada bila okupirana od strane utvrđenog palače kraljeva i sada je posvećen Athena, zaštitnika božice Atene, kao i mjesto njegova skromna hram izgrađen s lokalnom kamenu. Pisistratus učinio mnogo za Atenu. Izgrađen velik i praktičan gradske tržnice, poboljšanje sustava vodoopskrbe, utro je put do impozantnog Akropoli, gdje je izgradio novi središnji hram božice Atene. Sve je to bilo uništeno od strane perzijskog prodora. Od 479. godine prije Krista, restauracije djelo uništenja potjeru aktivno. Kimona je izvanredan u toj zadaći. On je obnovljena grad, osobito na tržištu koji je također služio kao stipendiranja i društveni klub, a bio je mjesto gdje su napravili neku političku posao. Međutim Akropola je još uvijek u ruševinama. Periklo, vođa i organizator atenske carstva, preuzeo je zadaću obnove. Atena potrošio milijune transformirati Akropoli na najsavršeniji arhitektonske produkcije, koju krasi cijeli muzejskih remek-djela u boji kamena. U svojim stazama su privatne kuće ili trgovine, samo nekoliko svetišta, uključujući i onaj Asklepije, je dao život za strmih padina brda. Na desnoj strani je veličanstven Partenona, Athena Partenos dom velikom dorski hram. Tako je u središtu Atene, ostatak grada je bio ružan i beznačajno, s uskim, zavojitim uličicama, skromnim kućama, trgovinama i radionicama, buke, prašine i blata. Štoviše, Atenjani nisu proveli puno vremena kod kuće. Tržište, Pnix, gdje je popularna Skupština upoznao, sudovi i Vijećnici su mjesta gdje su viši slojevi provodili svoje vrijeme. Niže klase radio na dokovima i skladišta u Pireju, ili u njihovim trgovinama i radionicama. (Preuzeto iz Rostovtzeff, 1986, p.173-178.) b) grad Rim : nalazi se na talijanskom poluotoku, činili Rimljani okruženje života u društvu, centar civilnog života. Međutim, grad Rim rastao bez planiranja. Veći dio grada je visok kuće i nerazvijenih, ulice su bile uske i iskrivio i otežan zgrada središnju svrhu Gradovi u povijesti