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Permanent Display 18. The Guilds of Gradec and Kaptol Guilds were associations of members of a craft or trade that were formed throughout Europe to promote the welfare of that craft and its members. The first guild in Gradec was founded by King Matthias Corvinus in 1447. In the following centuries eighteen guilds were formed in Gradec. The first guild at Kaptol was established much later - in 1627. In the course of the 17th century, another six guilds were established. In the mid-nineteenth century four associated guilds were formed of the craftsmen of Kaptol and Gradec. Each guild had its own regulations, a patron saint, a standard and a chest for the safekeeping of documents, the seal and the money of the guild, and the guild plate for convening meetings. On the day of the patron saint, the members assembled in the house of the guildmaster, who was responsible for quality control, acted as guild manager and accountant and approved master craftsmen. The guild provided for the elderly and the sick, and the widows and children of its deceased members. Apprenticeship lasted between three and five years, after which the apprentice became a journeyman who had to travel (vandrati) from place to place to get experience. In order to be admitted to the guild as master craftsman, a journeyman had to prepare a masterpiece. Vignettes on journeymen’s certificates show what Zagreb looked like at the end of the 18th century, when it had only about seven thousand inhabitants. The Law on Crafts and Trades of 1872 abolished the guilds in Zagreb because they had become an impediment to the economic development of the city. Nada Premerl
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Stalni postav 18. Cehovi na Gradecu i Kaptolu Cehovi su udruženja obrtnika istog zanata ili pak više srodnih zanata koji su radi zaštite interesa obrtnika nastajali u cijeloj Europi. Na Gradecu zagrebačkom prvi je ceh osnovao hrvatsko-ugarski kralj Matija Korvin, 1447. godine. Tijekom idućih stoljeća osnovano je na Gradecu 18 cehova. Na području Kaptola prvi je ceh utemeljen tek 1627. godine. Tijekom stoljeća osnovano je na Kaptolu 6 cehova. Polovicom XIX. stoljeća utemeljena su još i četiri udružena ceha za gradečke i kaptolske obrtnike. Svaki ceh imao je svoja pravila, sveca zaštitnika, zastavu i škrinju u kojoj su se čuvale cehovske isprave, pečatnjak, novac i cehovska tablica za pozivanje na sastanke. Na blagdan sveca zaštitnika sazivan je glavni cehovski skup u kući cehovskog starješine. Cehmeštar (starješina) nadzirao je proizvode provjeravajući im kvalitetu, te vodio poslove i račune, potvrđivao majstore. Ceh se brinuo za stare i bolesne, te za udovice, i skrbio o djeci svojih umrlih članova. Naukovanje šegrta trajalo je od tri do pet godina; nakon toga oni su postali djetići, koji su morali vandrati, to jest putovati od mjesta do mjesta radi stjecanja iskustva. Tek su izradom majstorskoga rada stjecali pravo na primanje u ceh. O izgledu još i tada maloga Zagreba - koji je potkraj XVIII. stoljeća brojio oko 7.000 stanovnika - najrječitije govore vedute na djetićkim listovima. Obrtnim zakonom 1872. godine cehovi su ukinuti, jer su postali prepreka suvremenom razvoju gospodarstva. Osnovane su obrtne zadruge, koje su još niz godina održavale cehovsku tradiciju i običaje. Nada Premerl Vezani članci Hirc, Dragutin. Majstori ili obrtnici u starom Zagrebu. // Hirc, Dragutin. Stari Zagreb : Gradec i Grič : svezak prvi. Zagreb : Matica hrvatska, 2008.