http___mapnall.com_hr_Zemljovid-Otok-Heard-i-oto_C4_8Dje-McDonald_1072662.html_1.xml
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Heard Island and the McDonald Islands are uninhabited, barren islands located in the Southern Ocean at 53°6′ S 72°31′ E, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica. They have been part of Australia since 1947. Heard Island is bleak and mountainous, and dominated by Mawson Peak, a 2745-meter-high volcano on the Big Ben massif. Mawson Peak is the highest Australian mountain. The McDonald Islands are small and rocky. They total 412 km² in area, and are on the Kerguelen Plateau. They have no ports or harbors. The islands are a territory of Australia administered from Canberra by the Australian Antarctic Division of the Australian Department of the Environment and Heritage. They are populated by large numbers of seal and bird species. The islands have been designated a nature preserve and are primarily visited for research. There is no economic activity, but they have been assigned the country code HM and Internet top-level domain .hm. History Heard Island did not have visitors until 1833. It is probable that no human had ever seen the Island until this time. Peter Kemp, a British sealer (seal hunter), was the first person thought to have seen the island on November 27, 1833 from the brig Magnet during a voyage from Kerguelen to the Antarctic, and was believed to have entered the island in his 1833 chart. Captain John Heard, an American sealer on the ship Oriental, sighted the island on November 25, 1853 en route from Boston to Melbourne. He reported the discovery one month later and had the island named after him. Coincidentally, Captain William McDonald aboard the Samarang discovered the McDonald Islands close to Heard Island shortly afterwards on January 4, 1854. No landing was made on the islands until March 1855, when sealers from the Corinthian led by Captain Erasmus Darwin Rogers went ashore. In the sealing period from 1855–1880, a number of American sealers spent a year or more on the island, living in appalling conditions in dark smelly huts. By 1880, most of the seal population had been wiped out and the sealers left the island. In all, more than 100,000 barrels of Elephant Seal oil was produced during this period. The islands became a World Heritage Site in 1997. See also External links
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Otok Heard i otočje McDonald (eng. Heard Island and McDonald Islands, službeno Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands) su australski vanjski teritorij veličine 372 km² smješten u južnom dijelu Indijskog oceana, na oko dvije trećine puta od Madagaskara do Antarktike. Otočje se nalazi 2.547 km jugozapadno od Pertha i 3.830 km jugoistočno od Madagaskara, 1.630 km sjeverno od Antarktike i 450 km jugoistočno od najbližeg naseljenog mjesta, francuskog otočja Kerguelen u Indijskom Oceanu. Heardov otok, otok Shang te tri McDonaldova otoka vulkanskog su postanka, a na Heardovom otoku postoji i aktivni vulkan Big Ben, čiji je vrh, Mawson Peak, i najviši vrh države Australije (2.745 m). Poluotok Laurens se proteže 10 km sjeveroistočno od heardovog otoka i njegov najviši vrh je Anzack Peak (715 m). Klima otoka je hladna oceanska klima. Maksimalne temperature ne prelaze 5°C, a minimalne se kreću oko 0,8°C. Količina padalina je u rasponu od 1.300 do 1.900 milimetara. Pušu i snažni vetrovi, često brzinama preko 150 km/sat. Heardov otok otkrio je 1853. godine J.J. Heard, dok je iste godine W. McDonald otkrio tri otoka i arhipelag je njima u čast dobio ime. Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo je 1908. godine prisvojilo otoke, a 26. prosinca 1947. vlast je prenijela na Australiju. Na Herdovom otoku je u kraćem razdoblju djelovala znanstveno istraživačka postaja 1970. godine, što je bio prvi put da je ljudska ekspedicija kročila na ovo otočje nakon 1880. godine kada su na njemu boravili američki lovci na tuljane. Otoci su jedno od najzabačenijih mjesta na zemlji i bez stalnih su stanovnika, ali su dom za veliki broj pingvina, foka i morskih ptica. Floru čine lišajevi i mahovine. Od 1997. godine ovi otoci su upisani na Unescov popis mjesta svjetske baštine u Australiji i Oceaniji.