http___metro-portal.hr_zbog-manjka-vitamina-d-vise-demencije_86904_1.xml
1.1 1.2 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.1 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 8.1 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 11.1 12.1 12.2 13.1 14.1 15.1 15.2 16.1 16.2 17.1 18.1 19.1 20.1 21.1 22.1 23.1 23.2 24.1 28.1
Type AB Blood? You May Be More Prone to Memory Loss How sharp you are at age 65 may be tied to something totally out of your control: blood type. And people with type AB blood — the least common type — may face a particularly high risk of memory loss later in life, according to a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology. The researchers asked more than 1,000 people age 45 and older to perform cognitive and memory tests — learning and then recalling a list of 10 words, for example — and then took blood samples from each study participant. After following the participants for an average of 3.4 years, the scientists found that those with type AB blood had an 82 percent higher risk of cognitive decline. This isn’t the first time blood type has been shown to influence health risks. In a 2014 study from Pakistan, for example, people with type A blood were shown to be at significantly higher risk of heart disease. Another recent study, published in the Journal of Clinical & Diagnostics Research, identified type A blood as a possible risk factor for oral, esophageal, and salivary gland, cancers, while type B was flagged as a potential risk factor for laryngeal cancers. It’s also not the first time type AB blood has been tied specifically to vascular trouble: A 2014 study published in the Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostatis — conducted by same researchers behind the new Neurology study — found that people with type AB blood faced an 83 percent higher risk of stroke than those with type O blood, which had previously been linked to reduced odds of cardiovascular issues. But despite this emerging — and increasingly compelling — body of research, said Mary Cushman, author of the new study, “Physicians and patients aren’t thinking at all about blood type and risk of diseases.” She told Yahoo Health in an email, “The reason is that we don’t yet know the cause for the connection.” Much more research is required, she explained, before doctors can consider checking blood type to predict disease. “Right now,” she said, “we are a ways off from doing this.” Even so, Cushman and her colleagues have begun to explore potential links between type AB blood and memory loss. A primary area of interest: coagulation factor VIII, which is “a clotting protein involved in normal formation of blood clots,” explained Cushman. In the study, the AB group had the highest levels of the protein, compared to folks of other blood types. “We think that people with higher factor VIII are at increased risk of vascular conditions, like stroke,” Cushman said. “Since factor VIII levels are closely linked to blood type, this may be one causal connection between blood type and cognitive impairment.” Related: Lack of Vitamin D Linked to Higher Dementia Risk However, in the study, factor VIII didn’t emerge as a statistically significant link between type AB blood and memory decline, suggesting there’s another physiological explanation at play. One possibility? Something called ABO glycotransferase, which is “the enzyme that tells us what your blood type is,” Cushman said. Different versions of the enzyme, as dictated by blood type, signal different sugars to attach to red blood cells. As a result, ABO may play a role in regulating different bodily systems, including clotting function, said Cushman. So should type AB people panic about preserving their memory? Cushman thinks not — at least not yet. “The association we saw was relatively small, and the findings need to be confirmed in other studies,” she said. “However, everyone can work to maintain their cognitive function through leading a healthy lifestyle, in terms of diet, physical activity, and not smoking, as well as controlling cardiovascular risk through optimizing blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes treatment.” A lack of vitamin D linked to higher dementia risk, because older people who do not get enough vitamin D face a much higher risk of dementia or Alzheimer's disease, the largest study of its kind on the topic said Wednesday. People get vitamin D from sunlight and from oily fish like salmon, tuna or mackerel, as well as milk, eggs and cheese. It is also available in supplement form. Reporting in the journal Neurology, international researchers found that people who were severely deficient in vitamin D were more than twice as likely to develop dementia and Alzheimer's disease as people who got enough. The findings were based on a study of 1,658 adults aged 65 and over, who were healthy and able to walk without assistance. The participants were followed for six years. By that point, 171 participants had developed dementia and 102 had Alzheimer's disease. Those who were moderately deficient in vitamin D had a 53 percent increased risk of developing dementia of any kind. Those who were severely deficient saw their risk increase to 125 percent over those with adequate levels of vitamin D. Similar numbers were noted for Alzheimer's disease: those who were moderately deficient were 69 percent more likely to develop this type of dementia, and the severely deficient were 122 percent more likely to get Alzheimer's. "We expected to find an association between low vitamin D levels and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease, but the results were surprising –- we actually found that the association was twice as strong as we anticipated," said lead author David Llewellyn at the University of Exeter Medical School. "Clinical trials are now needed to establish whether eating foods such as oily fish or taking vitamin D supplements can delay or even prevent the onset of Alzheimer's disease and dementia." He added that the study stops short of showing whether or not vitamin D deficiency causes dementia, only that it shows there is a link that deserves further research. Some 44 million people worldwide have dementia, a number that is expected to triple by 2050. About one billion around the globe are thought to have low vitamin D levels. The elderly can be particularly vulnerable to such a deficiency because their skin is less adept at converting sunlight into vitamin D. https://www.yahoo.com/health/type-ab-blood-you-may-be-more-prone-to-memo... Filed under: Researchers Site Statistics Rovert56
1.1 2.1 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 5.1 6.1 6.2 6.3 7.1 7.2 7.3 8.1 8.2 8.3 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 10.1 10.2 11.1 12.1 12.2 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7
Zbog manjka vitamina D više demencije Nedostatak vitamina D sve češće se povezuje s demencijom, a znanstvenici tvrde da bi prevencija demencije poboljšala kvalitet brojnih života i uštedjela milijarde. Jedna nova studija potvrdila je vezu između nedostatka vitamina D i razvoja demencije, uključujući Alzheimerovu bolest. Istraživanja ukazuju na dvostruko veći rizik da se kod starijih osoba s ozbiljnim nedostatkom vitamina D razvije demencija. "I ranija istraživanja ukazivala su na vezu između nedostatka vitamina D i gubitka pamćenja u starosti. Ali ovom studijom je po prvi put predstavljena šira veza između razine vitamina D i dijagnoze demencije", kaže za DW Ian Lang, jedan od autora studije, inače predavača medicine na Sveučilištu Exeter. Faktor "D" Studija objavljena početkom kolovoza u znanstvenom časopisu Neurologija obuhvaća rezultate istraživanja nad 1.600 osoba iz SAD-a starijih od 65 godina. Uzorci krvi koji su im uzeti na početku studije nisu ukazivali na dijagnozu demencije. Tijekom šest godina kod 10 posto ispitanika razvila se demencija. Prilikom istraživanja upoređivani su uzorci krvi uzeti od zdravih osoba s uzorcima uzetim od ispitanika s manjim nedostatkom vitamina D, kao i ispitanika s velikim nedostatkom vitamina D. Studija je pokazala da kod starijih osoba s manjim nedostatkom vitamina D postoji 50 posto više mogućnosti za razvoj demencije, dok je taj postotak kod osoba s izraženim nedostatkom vitamina D čak 120. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo sve vrste demencije, uključujući i Alzheimerovu bolest, utvrdivši da ne postoji razlika u odnosu između vitamina D i različitih kategorija demencije. Demencija uključuje čitav niz simptoma, od problema sa sjećanjem do otežanog razumijevanja i govora. "U pitanju je zajedničko ime za stotine mogućih stanja", objašnjava Lang i dodaje da udio od 10 posto ispitanika koji su dobili demenciju u njegovom istraživanju zapravo predstavlja i prosjek u industrijskim zemljama.Simon Ridley, jedan od šefova Centra za istraživanje Alzheimerove bolesti u Velikoj Britaniji, opisuje demenciju kao "prilično groznu stvar". "Mogućnosti liječenja su izrazito ograničeni, a riječ je o progresivnoj neurodegerativnoj bolesti koja 'krade" osobnost pacijentima", kaže Ridley. Neki oblici demencije nastaju kao rezultat povrede ili moždanog udara, pri čemu dolazi do odumiranja moždanog tkiva. Kod oboljelih od Alzheimerove bolesti, najčešćeg oblika demencije, dolazi do stvaranja proteinskih naslaga u mozgu. Iako uzrok Alzheimera nije potpuno poznat, pretpostavlja se da je tu uključena i genetska komponeta. "Pušenje, debljina i nedostatak fizičkih aktivnosti su poznati faktori rizika za razvoj demencije. Učenje je također jedan od važnih faktora. Ako osoba tijekom mladosti dobija veliku količinu stimulacije neurona, njezin mozak se bolje razvija i ona postaje otpornija na demenciju", kaže Lang. Vitamin D možemo dobiti putem ishrane, nalazi se u mesu masnih riba, ali se i stvara apsorbiranjem sunčeve svetlosti. "Starenjem tijelo gubi sposobnost sinteze vitamina D iz sunčeve svjetlosti", objašnjava Lang. Još uvijek se traže dokazi I Simon Ridley, koji je također bio uključen u ovo istraživanje, kaže kako ono nije ni prvo niti zadnje koje se bavilo vezama između vitamina D i demencije, ali da je jedno od boljih, pogotovo zato što je bazirano na dužem razdoblju. On, međutim, naglašava da ova studija ne dokazuje kako niska razina vitamina D uzrokuje demenciju: "Ona samo pokazuje povezanost, ali kontrolirana klinička istraživanja moraju dokazati i sam uzrok", kaže Ridley i dodaje da Centar za Alzheimer iz Velike Britanije "u ovom trenutku ne preporučuje uzimanje suplementa vitamina D". Ian Lang kaže da će idući korak biti ispitivanje učinka suplementa vitamina D u cilju moguće prevencije ili odlaganja početka demencije. "Ako uspijemo odgoditi i mali dio oboljenja, to će značiti veliki napredak za zdravlje i živote ljudi", kaže Lang. Organizacija Alzheimer Europa je 2009. godine procijenila da demencija članice EU-a stoji 160 milijardi eura godišnje. Povećanjem broja članica, ali i trendom starenja populacije na europskom kontinentu, očekuje se da će se broj oboljelih od demencije do 2050. godine udvostručiti. "Istovremeno imamo i studije koje ukazuju da se u industrijskim zemljama smanjuje broj oboljelih od demencije. To dijelom možemo zahvaliti boljem zdravlju ljudi zbog manje pušenja i boljeg kontroliranja tlaka. Ali sve veći broj pretilih može unazaditi taj pozitivan razvoj", zaključuje Lang.