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Text 12 There are at least two types of machine breakdowns, quite different from accidental breakage in common disorders against high prices, or other causes of discontent. The first type involves no special hostility against machinery as such but is, under certain conditions, a normal means of exerting pressure on employers or workers extras. As noted, the Luddites in Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire and Derbyshire attacks used machinery, new or old, as a means to force their employers to make them concessions regarding wages and other issues. This type of destruction part, traditional and routinely, the industrial conflict during the domestic system of manufacture, and in the early stages of the factories and mines. It was not only directed against the machines, but also against raw materials, finished products, or even the private property of employers, depending on the type of damage that they were more sensitive. The second method of destruction goes back to the hostility of the working class to the new machines of the industrial revolution, especially the thrifty hand labor. Worker was concerned not with the technical progress in the abstract, but with double the practical problem of preventing unemployment and maintain the standard of ordinary life, which included factors non-monetary, such as freedom, dignity, and wages. (Adapted from HOBSBAWM, 1999, p.17-21). ACTIVITY After reading the texts 11 and , identify the reasons for the occurrence of the practice luddista. Register in writing. In England, the working class lined up behind an important movement, the Chartist, so named because he wrote and presented a document - the People's Charter - the British Parliament, which included a list of demands. Document 4 www.fafich.ufmg.br Public demonstration. illustration, Illustred London News Illustration of English newspaper reveals that thousands of people attended the rallies Chartists in England.
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Tekst 12 Postoje najmanje dvije vrste strojeva kvarova, sasvim različite od slučajnog loma u zajedničke poremećaja protiv visokih cijena ili drugih uzroka nezadovoljstva. Prvi tip podrazumijeva nikakvu posebnu neprijateljstvo protiv strojeva kao takav, ali je, pod određenim uvjetima, normalno sredstvo pritiska na poslodavce i radnike dodataka. Kao što je spomenuto, Luddites u Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire i Derbyshire napada rabljenih strojeva, novi ili stari, kao sredstvo da se prisili njihovi poslodavci bi im ustupke u pogledu plaće i druga pitanja. Ova vrsta uništenje dijela, tradicionalne i rutinski, industrijski sukob u domaćem sustavu proizvodnje, au ranim fazama tvornicama i rudnicima. To nije samo usmjerena protiv strojeva, ali i protiv sirovina, gotovih proizvoda, ili čak privatno vlasništvo poslodavaca, ovisno o vrsti oštećenja koja su bili osjetljiviji. Druga metoda uništavanja seže do neprijateljstva radničke klase u nove strojeve industrijske revolucije, posebno štedljiv ruku rada. Radnik je u pitanju ne s tehničkom napretku u apstraktno, ali s dvostrukim praktični problem sprječavanja nezaposlenosti i održavati standard običnog života, koji je uključivao faktore non-monetarne, kao što su sloboda, dostojanstvo i plaće. (Preuzeto iz Hobsbawm, 1999, str.17-21). AKTIVNOST Nakon čitanja tekstova 11 , utvrditi razloge nastanka praksi luddista. Registrirajte se u pisanom obliku. U Engleskoj, radnička klasa postrojilo se iza važnog pokreta, čartista, nazvanoj tako jer je on pisao i predstavio dokument - Narodna povelje - britanski parlament, koji je uključivao popis zahtjeva. Dokument 4 www.fafich.ufmg.br Javne demonstracije. Ilustracija, Illustred London News , travanj 1848. Ilustracija engleskog lista otkriva da tisuće ljudi prisustvovalo prosvjede Chartists u Engleskoj.