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The French revolution was not led or made by a party or organized movement in the modern sense, nor men who were trying to carry out a structured program. Never even have "leaders" of the kind that the revolutions of the century.XX we have presented, to the emergence of the figurepostrevolutionary Napoleon. Nevertheless, a surprising consensus of general ideas between a social group fairly consistent gave revolutionary movement a unit effective. The Group was the "bourgeoisie", his ideas were classical liberalism, as formulated by the "philosophers" and "economists" and circulated by Freemasonry and informal associations. More specifically, the demands of the bourgeois were outlined in the famous Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, 1789. This document is a manifesto against the hierarchical society of noble privileges, but not in favor of a democratic and egalitarian society. The men were equal before the law and the professions were equally open to talent, but if the race started without handicaps, was also perceived as a fait accompli that runners do not end up together. Industrial capitalism has adopted liberal ideals who sought the unification of all markets, the rejection of state intervention in the functioning of this market, the spread of individual freedom and free competition. The Industrial Revolution, by being focused on problems generated in the industry,has become a stimulus for scientific activity in the period between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In this period, there were profound changes in social and economic life with the establishment of capitalist society. You may be thinking that this is the first time in history that a scientific theory was the need of the society. Well, if you think so, you're wrong:Remember launches vertical? I knew they were only studied to improve the marksmanship of cannons, rudimentary heat engine, during the wars? ACTIVITY Text 1 : The majority of technological progress was the work of inventors and craftsmen who wore the practical knowledge and little or no theoretical science. According to this view, the Industrial Revolution was triggered by social and economic factors, not by science. The steam engine, which used the natural forces of heat and steam to drive machinery for manufacturing and transport of goods, was invented by skilled entrepreneurs who only occasionally employed scientific methods and scientific knowledge were scarce. Science has often been stimulated by problems and technological inventions. In the nineteenth century, Carnot and Clapeyron used the work of designers of steam engines. James Prescott Joule,co-discoverer of the first law of thermodynamics,he turned to the study of heat while trying to design an electromagnetic motor. (Adapted from: Kneller, 1980, p. 249-251)
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Francuske revolucije nije dovelo ili je stranka, odnosno organiziranog pokreta u modernom smislu, niti ljudi koji su pokušavali provesti strukturirani program. Nikada ni "vođe", kakvi revolucijama stoljeća. XX smo predstavili, do pojavepost-revolucionarnog likom Napoleona. Ipak, čudno konsenzus općih ideja između društvene skupine prilično dosljedan dao revolucionarni pokret jedinica snazi. Grupa je "buržoazija", njegove ideje su klasični liberalizam, kao što je formuliran od strane "filozofa" i "ekonomisti" i dostavilo masonstva i neformalnih udruga. Točnije, zahtjevi buržoazija su navedene u poznatom deklaracije o pravima čovjeka i građanina, 1789. Ovaj dokument je manifest protiv hijerarhijskom društvu plemenitih privilegije, ali ne u korist demokratskog i egalitarna društva. Ljudi su jednaki pred zakonom i zanimanja jednako su otvoreni za talenta, ali ako je utrka započela bez hendikepa, također percipira kao fait accompli da trkači ne završe zajedno.(Hobsbawm, 2005, 91-str. 90) Industrijski kapitalizam je donio liberalne ideale koji su tražili ujedinjenje svih tržišta, odbacivanje državne intervencije u funkcioniranje tog tržišta, širenje individualne slobode i slobodne konkurencije. Industrijska revolucija, koje se usmjerava na probleme koje generira u industriji,postala poticaj za znanstvenu djelatnost u razdoblju između osamnaestog i devetnaestog stoljeća. U tom razdoblju, bilo je korjenite promjene društvenog i gospodarskog života s uspostavom kapitalističkog društva. Vi svibanj biti misleći da je ovo prvi put u povijesti da je znanstvena teorija bila je potreba društva. Pa, ako tako misliš, da si u krivu:Sjetite se i okomite javnost? Znao sam da su samo proučavali kako bi poboljšali streljaštva od topova, rudimentarni topline motora, za vrijeme ratova? AKTIVNOST Tekst 1: Većina tehnološkog napretka je to djelo izumitelja i obrtnika koji su nosili praktično znanje i malo ili nimalo teorijska znanost. Prema ovom gledištu, industrijska revolucija bila potaknuta socijalnim i ekonomskim čimbenicima, a ne znanosti. Parni stroj, koji koristi prirodne sile topline i pare za pogon strojeva za proizvodnju i transport roba, izumio je vješti poduzetnici koji samo povremeno zaposlenih znanstvene metode i znanstvenog znanja su bili rijetki. Znanost je često bio potaknut problemima i tehnoloških izuma. U devetnaestom stoljeću, Carnot i Clapeyronova koristiti rad dizajnera parnih lokomotiva. James Prescott Joule,suotkrivač prvom zakonu termodinamike,okrenuo proučavanju topline dok je pokušavao osmisliti elektromagnetski motor(preuzeto iz:.