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Physics In 1666, a great plague sweptBritain, forcing Trinity College to close its doors,leading him totake refuge in his estate at Woolsthorpe. It was in thisannus mirabilis (year of miracles) that Newton intuited that an apple or any object falling just above the earth's surface and the Moon in orbit around the Earth had something very important in common: the same forces "pulled" to center of the Earth. The correlation of the lunar orbit with the acceleration of the object apple or implied in law of the inverse square of the distances that would apply not only to bodies located close to the surface, but also extended to distant celestial bodies like the Moon All particles that make up the Earthwould combine to attract both an apple located just a few feet above its surface, like the Moon, located hundreds of miles, with a force that would fall as the inverse square of the distance from the center the earth. These fantastic discoveries have come to light first in1684-1685, the workDe Motu Corporum in Gyrum (On the Motion of Bodies in rotation) and permanently in 1687, the bookMathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, hereinafter known as thePrincipia and had by many as the greatest scientific works of all time. InDe Motu, Newton showed one of his few friends, the astronomer Edmond Halley, not only that an elliptical orbit implied necessarily a force inversely proportional to the square of the distance toward a focus of the ellipse, but also that the reciprocal was true: a law inversely proportional to the square implied orbits, circular, elliptical, parabolic or hyperbolic, depending on the initial velocities of the bodies. The treaty also showed the last two Kepler's laws (law of areas and periods of the square law) and how a projectile thrown near the surface would describe a parabolic trajectory. Was so unified "science" of the movement of terrestrial and celestial bodies, by a single mathematical law:matter attracts matter in direct proportion to their masses and inversely as the square of the distance separating them. (Adapted from Ponczek. The abandonment of Aristotelian theories would begin with an Italian from Florence, Galileo Galilei(1564-1642), who was punished by the authorities of the Inquisition. But when he died, had left the legacy of his work described in his "Dialogue of the Two World Systems", in which an Aristotelian and Copernican dialogue about what his opponents feared and what prevented them from advertising. Disappeared in the year that Galileo Isaac Newton(1642-1727) was born. And who would propose Newton's law of gravitation with which explains the motions of the planets, comets and satellites known. The Law of Universal Gravitation is expressed mathematically by: where F is the magnitude of the force that acts between two bodies of masses m1 and m2, d is the distance between the bodies and G is the constant of gravitation which is currently worth 6.67 x10-11 For Newton, the trajectories of the planets around the sun were independent of their mass, as well as the acceleration of gravity at su- Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) physicist, mathematician, astronomer Italian. Was condemned by the Catholic Church for advocating the Copernican ideas. Source: http://astro.if.ufrgs.br/bib/
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Fizika U 1666, kuga sweptBritaniju, prisiljavajući Trinity College zatvoriti svoja vrata,što jedovelo ga je dase utočište u svom imanju u Woolsthorpe. To je u ovomannus mirabilis (godina čuda) da je Newton naslutiti da Apple ili bilo padajućeg objekta odmah iznad površine Zemlje i Mjeseca u orbiti oko Zemlje je nešto vrlo važno zajedničko: iste sile "izvukao" se središte Zemlje. Korelacija Mjesečevoj orbiti s ubrzanjem objekta jabuke ili implicirana u zakonu obrnutim kvadratom udaljenosti kako bi se ne odnosi samo na tijela nalaze blizu površine, ali i proširiti na udaljenim nebeskim tijelima poput Mjeseca All čestice koje čine Zemljuće kombinirati privući i jabuke koje se nalazi samo nekoliko metara iznad površine, poput Mjeseca, nalazi stotinama kilometara, sa silom koja će pasti kao obrnutom kvadratu udaljenosti od centra Zemlja. Ovi fantastični otkrića su došli na vidjelo prvi u1684-1685, djeloDe Motu Corporum u Gyrum (na gibanje tijela u rotaciji) i trajno 1687, knjigaMatematički principi prirodne filozofije, poznate kao daljnjemPrincipia i imala po mnogima najvećih znanstvenih radova svih vremena. UDe Motu, Newton je pokazao jednu od svojih rijetkih prijatelja, astronom Edmond Halley, ne samo da je eliptičnoj orbiti podrazumijeva nužno silu obrnuto proporcionalna kvadratu udaljenosti ka fokusu elipse, ali i da je uzajamna je istina: Zakon obrnuto proporcionalna kvadratu implicirana orbitama, kružna, eliptični, parabolični ili hiperbolni, ovisno o početnim brzinama tijela. Sporazum je također pokazala posljednja dva Keplerovim zakonima (Zakon o područjima i razdoblja trgu zakonu) i kako je projektil bačen blizu površine bih opisao jedan parabolični putanju. Bila tako ujedinjena "znanost" o kretanju zemaljskih i nebeskih tijela, od strane jednog matematičkog zakona:obzira privlači materiju u izravnom razmjeru njihovih masa i obrnuto kao kvadratom udaljenosti ih razdvaja. (Preuzeto iz Ponczek U:. Odustajanje od Aristotelovim teorijama bi početi s Talijanom iz Firence, Galileo Galilei(1564-1642), koji je kažnjen od strane vlasti inkvizicije. No, kad je umro, ostavio nasljeđe njegov rad opisao u svojoj "Dijalog o dva svjetska sustava", u kojoj aristotelo i kopernikanski dijalog o tome što njegovi protivnici bojali i što ih spriječiti od oglašavanja. Nestao u godini koja Galileo Isaac Newton(1642-1727) je rođen. A tko će predložiti Newtonov zakon gravitacije kojim se objašnjava kretanja planeta, kometa i satelita poznate. Zakon univerzalne gravitacije izražava matematički by: gdje je F veličina sile koja djeluje između dva tijela mase m1 d je udaljenost između tijela i G je konstanta gravitacije koja trenutno vrijedi 6,67 x10-11 Za Newton, putanje planeta oko Sunca su neovisni o njihovoj masi, kao i ubrzanje sile teže na Su- Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) fizičar, matematičar, astronom talijanski. Bio osuđen od strane Katoličke crkve za zagovaranje Kopernikova ideja. Izvor: http://astro.if.ufrgs.br/bib/ univerzalne gravitacije