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What is anorexia nervosa? Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by an irrational fear of weight gain. People with anorexia nervosa believe that they are overweight even when they are extremely thin. Individuals with anorexia become obsessed with food and severely restrict their dietary intake. The disease is associated with several health problems and, in rare cases, even death. The disorder may begin as early as the onset of puberty. The first menstrual period is typically delayed in girls who have anorexia when they reach puberty. For girls who have already reached puberty when they develop anorexia, menstrual periods are often infrequent or absent. - What is osteoporosis? - The link between anorexia nervosa and osteoporosis - Osteoporosis management strategies - Resources - For your information What is osteoporosis? Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones become less dense and more likely to fracture. Fractures from osteoporosis can result in significant pain and disability. In the United States, more than 53 million people either already have osteoporosis or are at high risk due to low bone mass. Risk factors for developing osteoporosis include: - Thinness or small frame. - Family history of the disease. - Being postmenopausal and particularly having had early menopause. - Abnormal absence of menstrual periods (amenorrhea). - Prolonged use of certain medications, such as those used to treat lupus, asthma, thyroid deficiencies, and seizures. - Low calcium intake. - Lack of physical activity. - Smoking. - Excessive alcohol intake. Osteoporosis often can be prevented. It is known as a silent disease because, if undetected, bone loss can progress for many years without symptoms until a fracture occurs. Osteoporosis has been called a childhood disease with old age consequences because building healthy bones in youth helps prevent osteoporosis and fractures later in life. However, it is never too late to adopt new habits for healthy bones. The link between anorexia nervosa and osteoporosis Anorexia nervosa has significant physical consequences. Affected individuals can experience nutritional and hormonal problems that negatively impact bone density. Extremely low body weight in females can cause the body to stop producing estrogen, resulting in a condition known as amenorrhea, or absent menstrual periods. Low estrogen levels contribute to significant losses in bone density. In addition, individuals with anorexia often produce excessive amounts of the adrenal hormone cortisol, which is known to trigger bone loss. Other problems, such as a decrease in the production of growth hormone and other growth factors, low body weight (apart from the estrogen loss it causes), calcium deficiency, and malnutrition, may contribute to bone loss in girls and women with anorexia. Weight loss, restricted dietary intake, and testosterone deficiency may be responsible for the low bone density found in males with the disorder. Studies suggest that low bone mass is common in people with anorexia and that it occurs early in the course of the disease. Girls with anorexia may be less likely to reach their peak bone density and therefore may be at increased risk for osteoporosis and fracture throughout life. Osteoporosis management strategies Anorexia is often identified during mid to late adolescence, a critical period for bone development. The longer the duration of the disorder, the greater the bone loss and the less likely it is that bone mineral density will ever return to normal. The primary goal of medical therapy for individuals with anorexia is weight gain and, in females, the return of normal menstrual periods. However, attention to other aspects of bone health is also important. Nutrition: A well-balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D is important for healthy bones. Good sources of calcium include low-fat dairy products; dark green, leafy vegetables; and calcium-fortified foods and beverages. Supplements can help ensure that people get adequate amounts of calcium each day, especially in people with a proven milk allergy. The Institute of Medicine recommends a daily calcium intake of 1,000 mg (milligrams) for men and women up to age 50. Women over age 50 and men over age 70 should increase their intake to 1,200 mg daily. Vitamin D plays an important role in calcium absorption and bone health. Food sources of vitamin D include egg yolks, saltwater fish, and liver. Many people may need vitamin D supplements to achieve the recommended intake of 600 to 800 International Units (IU) each day. Exercise: Like muscle, bone is living tissue that responds to exercise by becoming stronger. The best activities for your bones are weight-bearing and resistance exercises. Weight-bearing exercises force you to work against gravity. They include walking, climbing stairs, and dancing. Resistance exercises – such as lifting weights – can also strengthen bones. Although walking and other types of regular exercise can help prevent bone loss and provide many other health benefits, these potential benefits need to be weighed against the risk of fractures, delayed weight gain, and exercise-induced amenorrhea in people with anorexia and those recovering from the disorder. For these reasons, individuals recovering from anorexia should speak with a doctor before beginning an exercise program. Healthy lifestyle: Smoking is bad for bones as well as the heart and lungs. In addition, people who smoke may absorb less calcium from their diets. Alcohol also can have a negative effect on bone health. Those who drink heavily are more prone to bone loss and fracture, because of both poor nutrition and increased risk of falling. Bone density test: A bone mineral density (BMD) test measures bone density in various parts of the body. This safe and painless test can detect osteoporosis before a fracture occurs and can predict a person’s chances of fracturing in the future. The BMD test can help determine whether medication should be considered. Medication: There is no cure for osteoporosis. However, medications are available to prevent and treat the disease in postmenopausal women, men, and both women and men taking glucocorticoid medication. Resources NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases ~ National Resource Center Website: https://www.bones.nih.gov For more information on anorexia, visit: National Institute of Mental Health Website: https://www.nimh.nih.gov For your information This publication contains information about medications used to treat the health condition discussed here. When this publication was developed, we included the most up-to-date (accurate) information available. Occasionally, new information on medication is released. For updates and for any questions about any medications you are taking, please contact U.S. Food and Drug Administration Website: https://www.fda.gov For additional information on specific medications, visit Drugs@FDA at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf. Drugs@FDA is a searchable catalog of FDA-approved drug products. NIH Pub.
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Kosti imaju vrlo važne funkcije u našem tijelu – pružaju strukturu, omogućuju nam kretanje, štite mozak, srce i druge organe te pohranjuju minerale poput kalcija i fosfora. Zato je vrlo važno izgraditi snažne i zdrave kosti tijekom djetinjstva i adolescencije, ali i nastaviti poduzimati korake kako bi zaštitili zdravlje kostiju u odrasloj dobi. Naše kosti se stalno mijenjaju – nova koštana masa se formira, a stara raspada. Kad smo mladi, nova se koštana masa izgrađuje brže no što se razbije stara, pa se ukupna količina koštane mase povećava. Većina ljudi najveću koštanu masu ima oko tridesete godine, nakon čega se nastavlja preoblikovanje kosti, ali gubimo malo više koštane mase no što dobivamo nove. Vjerojatnost razvoja osteoporoze, bolesti koja uvelike može utjecati na kvalitetu vašeg života,ovisi o tome koliko koštane mase dobijemo do trenutka kada dostignemo dob od 30 godina i koliko brzo gubimo nakon toga. Što je veća vaša masa kosti u tom razdoblju kad dostižemo vrhunac koštane mase u tridesetima, to jeviše kosti kojih imamo “u zalihama" za kasnije, i manja je vjerojatnost da ćemo razviti osteoporozu kako starimo. Tiha bolest U slučaju kada gubimo previše koštane mase, razvija se osteoporoza. Kosti gube masu i postaju toliko krhke da se vrlo lako lome. Osobe s osteoporozom najčešće trpe lomove kostiju zglobova, kralježnice i kukova. No, gubitak kostiju događa se tijekom dugog vremenskog razdoblja i mnogi ne znaju da imaju slabe kosti sve dok ne pretrpe lom. No, nikad nije kasno za brigu o kostima. Donosimo vam savjete kako brinuti o zdravlju svojih kostiju u svakoj životnoj dobi, da bi ih ojačali i minimizirali mogućnost lomova. Za jačanje kostiju potrebna vam je samo minuta dnevno Kao i mišići, kosti također postaju jače uztjelovježbu. Najbolje vježbe za zdrave kosti su hodanje, penjanje stepenicama, dizanje utega i ples. Idealno bi bilo vježbati 30 minuta dnevno, no nedavna studija utvrdila je da i samo 60 do 120 sekundi trčanja dnevnomože poboljšatizdravlje kostiju za 4-6%. “Vitamin sunce“ Vitamin D je kritična hranjiva tvar za izgradnju kostiju. Poboljšava apsorpciju kalcija iz crijeva, pomaže povećanju gustoće kostiju i povećava funkciju mišića, smanjujući rizik od prijeloma. No optimalnukoličinu vitamina D teško je dobiti samo od hrane, pa preporučujemo 15 minuta dnevno izlagati se suncu, kako bi tijelo upilo dovoljno ovog vrijednog vitamina. Hrana za snažne kosti – B!TONIC Silver Bones Prehrana igra vrlo važnu ulogu u očuvanju zdravlja kostiju. Važno je imati uravnoteženu prehranu bogatu kalcijem i vitaminom D. Dobri izvori kalcija su i mliječni proizvodi s niskim sadržajem masti, tofu, bademi, sardine, brokula i kelj. Vitamin D možemo dobiti iz žumanjaka, morske ribe, jetrica i mlijeka. Uz to, za prevenciju osteoporoze i jačanje kostiju, korisno je konzumirati dodatke prehrani koji podržavaju zdravlje koštanog sustava i zdravu pokretljivost kao što je B!TONIC Silver Bones. Silver Bones je prirodni dodatak prehrani, kombinacija aktivnih biljnih sastojaka s kalcijem, vitaminom D koji doprinosi normalnom iskorištavanju kalcijai glukozaminom koji podupire regeneraciju zglobne hrskavice. Sastojci Silver Bones kombinirani su kako bi značajno poboljšali zdravlje cijelog mišićno-koštanog sustava.Kapsule Silver Bones pridonose zdravlju kostiju te normalnoj funkciji mišića i prevenciji bolesti kao što je osteoporoza. B!TONIC proizvodi su sigurni i ekološki čisti te ne sadrže alergene, a možete ih kupiti u odabranim ljekarnama. Više o Silver Bones kapsulama i ostalim B!TONIC proizvodima pročitajte na web stranici btonic.hr.