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19 October 2011 By,Malathy Iyer Breast cancer, the urban malaise, is spreading not just in terms of numbers, but is percolating to the poorer sections even as it breaks the age barrier to affect more young Indian women. If 3,800 women walk into hospitals with breast cancer now as against 1,500 women annually five years back,doctors say the main reason is lifestyle.“In the last 20 years,women have their first child later, don’t breast–feed children for long and are overweight compared to their mothers. The results are showing,’’ said Tata Memorial Centre’s director Dr Rajan Badwe. Breast cancer, which has a genetic component as well, is now mainly a lifestyle disease, said experts. Besides, a study published in Lancet last month showed younger women were dying in larger numbers in developing countries. India was no exception, said the study of 187 nations by the Washington University’s Institute of Health Metrics And Evaluation. Dr Sanjay Sharma from the Breast Cancer Foundation of India said while the age profile of a breast cancer patient from the West would be 55 to 70 years, the Indian patient could be in the 40–55 age group. However, Dr Badwe says this is because India has more young than old people. Another study, published in August in the British Journal of Cancer by the Indian Cancer Society, showed college–educated Mumbai women had a 90% increased risk for being overweight, compared to illiterate women. It showed in 30 years, rates of breast cancer among women aged 30–64 rose significantly. India’s worst statistic, Dr Badwe said, was that though the country’s cancer incidence was one–third of the US, death rate due to the disease was almost same. “This is because women, whether old or young, come to us at a very late stage,” he said. (With inputs from Kounteya Sinha) The Origins Breast cancer arises from cells lining the milk ducts and slowly grows into a lump. A tumour is believed to take about 10 years to become 1 cm in size, starting from a single cell. A malignant tumour has the ability to spread beyond the breast to other parts of the body via the lymphatics or the blood stream The factors Lifestyle choices or biological characteristics contribute to developing breast cancer Biological characteristics encoded in DNA are factors that cannot be controlled Other factors, however, can be controlled to prevent an increased risk for breast cancer Preventable Factors Body weight Obese or overweight women are at increased risk of developing breast cancer. A woman who exercises four hours per week reduces her risk of breast cancer. Exercise pumps up the immune system and cuts estrogen levels Smoking Smoking not only increases risk of lung cancer, but breast cancer as well. A recent study indicated there may be a link between breast cancer and cigarette smoking and second–hand cigarette smoke, though the relationship is still under investigation. However, smoking decreases survival rate once you have been diagnosed with breast cancer Drinking alcohol The more alcohol you drink, beyond a drink a day, the higher your risk. Studies show that breast cells are exposed to higher levels of estrogen when consuming alcohol, which may trigger them to become cancerous DIET Eat a low–fat, nutritious diet. Fat triggers the hormone estrogen, that fuels tumour growth. Fill your diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables Source: Tata Memorial Centre Non–Preventable Factors Family Pre–Disposition If a person has developed breast cancer in the past, or currently has breast cancer, women in the immediate family are at greater risk for breast cancer than those without family history. If you have a grandmother, mother, sister, or daughter who has been diagnosed with breast cancer, this puts you in a higher risk group. See your doctor at any sign of unusual symptoms AGE The risk increases with age. Most cases are found in women over 40, though the number of younger women developing breast cancer is currently on the rise Race Breast cancer is diagnosed more often in white women than Asian or African women. Reason for this is yet to be defined, but women of all races should still be concerned Reproductive And Menstrual History Women who experienced their first menstrual cycle before age 12, had menopause after age 55, and/or never had children are at increased risk Let’s Pink is a joint initiative by The Times of India and Ponds.
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Rizik od razvoja raka dojke je čak tri puta veći kod ljudi koji konzumiraju tri šolje mlijeka od onih koji su imali samo jednu šoljicu ili manje na dnevnoj bazi. Ovo je otkriveno u naučnim istraživanjima u Norveškoj. Rak dojke je danas jedan od najčešće prisutnih vrsta raka širom svijeta, a vrlo očito je da je mlijeko jedna od stvari koju možemo kriviti za to. Prema istom istraživanju koje je provedeno u Norveškoj otkriveno je da u područjima gdje je potrošnja mlijeka na jako niskoj razini gotovo ne postoji slučaj raka dojke. Također žene koje su imale iskustva s rakom dojke konzumirale su dva puta više vitamina D u odnosu na one koji nikada nisu imali rak dojke. Ovo su rezultati studije. Ono što još više povećava rizik od raka dojke jeste konzumiranje velike količine prerađene hrane, tjestenine, svinjskog mesa i šećera. Grudnjak isto može biti uzrok raka dojke. Žene koje često nose grudnjak više od 12 sati, imaju veći rizik od razvoja raka dojke u odnosu na žene koje ga nose samo povremeno ili ga nikada ne nose.