http___metro-portal.hr_debakl-kyoto-protokola-2010-rekordna-po-koncentracija-staklenickih-plinova_65696_1.xml
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GHGs in the atmosphere reached new high in 2010 - WMO report Pictured: Cattle rearing is a contributor to methane emissions, says the report The level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reached a new high in 2010, while the rate of increase is accelerating, according to new report from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). According to the Greenhouse Gas Bulletin, there was a 29pc increase in radiative forcing - the warming effect on the climate system - from greenhouse gases between 1990 and 2010. The report reveals that carbon dioxide accounted for 80pc of this increase. “The atmospheric burden of greenhouse gases due to human activities has yet again reached record levels since pre-industrial time,” said WMO secretary-general Michel Jarraud. “Even if we managed to halt our greenhouse gas emissions today – and this is far from the case – they would continue to linger in the atmosphere for decades to come and so continue to affect the delicate balance of our living planet and our climate. “Now more than ever before, we need to understand the complex, and sometimes unexpected, interactions between greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, Earth’s biosphere and oceans,” said Jarraud. He said the WMO will continue to collect data to its scientific knowledge through its Global Atmosphere Watch network which spans than 50 countries, and includes stations in the Andes and Himalayas, as well as in Alaska and the far South Pacific. After water vapour, the three most prevalent long-lived greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. According to the WMO report, carbon dioxide (CO2) contributes about 64pc to the total increase in climate forcing by greenhouse gases. The report claims that since the start of the industrial era in 1750, CO2's atmospheric abundance has increased by 39pc to 389 parts per million (number of molecules of the gas per million molecules of dry air). This, says the report, is primarily because of emissions from combustion of fossil fuels, deforestation and changes in land-use. The report reveals that between 2009 and 2010, CO2’s atmospheric abundance increased by 2.3 parts per million – higher than the average for both the 1990s (1.5 parts per million) and the past decade (2.0 parts per million). According to the WMO, atmospheric carbon dioxide remained almost constant at around 280 parts per million for around 10,000 years before the start of the industrial era in the mid-18th century. The report finds that methane (CH4) has contributed about 18pc to the overall global increase in radiative forcing since 1750. It says that before the start of the industrial era, atmospheric methane was about 700 parts per billion. Since 1750, it has increased 158pc, mostly because of activities such as cattle-rearing, rice planting, fossil fuel exploitation and landfills. Human activities now account for 60pc of methane emissions, with the remaining 40pc being from natural sources such as wetlands. The report suggests that after a period of relative stabilisation from 1999 to 2006, atmospheric methane has again risen. Nitrous oxide (N2O) contributes about 6pc to the overall global increase in radiative forcing since 1750. It is emitted into the atmosphere from natural and man-made sources, including the oceans, biomass burning, fertiliser use and various industrial processes. It is now the third most important greenhouse gas. The atmospheric burden of nitrous oxide in 2010 was 323.2 parts per billion - 20pc higher than in the pre-industrial era, according to the WMO, which also states that it has grown at an average of about 0.75 parts per billion over the past ten years, mainly as a result of the use of nitrogen-containing fertilisers, including manure, which, it says, has "profoundly affected" the global nitrogen cycle. The WMO said nitrous oxide's impact on climate, over a 100-year period, is 298 times greater than equal emissions of carbon dioxide, while it also plays an important role in the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer. The combined radiative forcing by halocarbons is 12pc, says the report. Some halocarbons such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), previously used as refrigerants, as propellants in spray cans and as solvents, are falling slowly as a result of international action to preserve the ozone layer. However, concentrations of other gases such as HCFCs and HFCs, which are used to substitute CFCs because they are less damaging to the ozone layer, are increasing rapidly, according to the report.
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Debakl Kyoto protokola - 2010. rekordna po koncentraciji stakleničkih plinova "U 2010. godini u atmosferi je ponovno izmjerena rekordna razina stakleničkih plinova od predindustrijskog doba, dakle od 1750." izjavio je glavni tajnik WMO-a Koncentracija plinova koji najviše pridonose učinku staklenika dosegnula je nove rekorde u 2010., objavila je u ponedjeljak Svjetska meteorološka organizacija (WMO) u izvješću, javlja Hina. "U 2010. godini u atmosferi je ponovno izmjerena rekordna razina stakleničkih plinova od predindustrijskog doba", dakle od 1750., izjavio je glavni tajnik WMO-a Michel Jarraud. "Čak i da danas uspijemo potpuno zaustaviti naše emisije stakleničkih plinova, što je daleko od stvarnosti, plinovi koji su već prisutni u atmosferi potrajali bi još desetak godina i nastavili remetiti krhku ravnotežu klime i Zemlje", rekao je Jarraud. Staklenički plinovi hvataju dio sunčeva zračenja koje prolazi atmosferom i koja se zato zagrijava. Između 1990. i 2010., razlika globalnog zagrijavanja izazvana stakleničkim plinovima porasla je za 29 posto, a samo je ugljični dioksid odgovoran za 80 posto tog povećanja. Ugljični dioksid (CO2), najvažniji je staklenički plin za koji je odgovoran čovjek. Njegova se koncentracija u atmosferi od 2009. do 2010., povećala za 2,3 promila, dakle više od prosjeka 90-ih godina (1,15 promila) i prosjeka u zadnjih deset godina (2,0 promila). CO2 se oslobađa izgaranjem fosilnih goriva, primjerice nafte, te krčenjem šuma i prenamjenom zemljišta. Metan je drugi najodgovorniji plin na učinak staklenika. Izazivaju ga različiti čimbenici, od gnojiva do odlagališta otpada. Nakon "relativne stabilizacije od 1999. do 2006., koncentracija metana u atmosferi porasla je, znanstvenici još nisu sigurni koji su uzroci. Jedna od hipoteza je topljenje permafrosta na Antarktiku ili povećanje vlažnih područja u tropskim predjelima. Zagrijavanju planeta pridonio je i dušikov oksid (N20), drugi plin s učinkom staklenika. U atmosferi je 2010. bilo 20 posto više tog plina u odnosu na 1750. godinu, koja se smatra početkom industrijskog doba. Učinak plina N20 na klimu u stogodišnjem razdoblju je "298 puta veći od učinka CO2, u jednakim emisijama", navodi WMO. Dodaje da N20 "igra važnu ulogu u razaranju ozonskog omotača koji nas štiti od štetnih ultraljubičastih sunčevih zraka". Porast emisija NO2 u zadnjih deset godina rezultat je korištenja dušičnih gnojiva, što je "duboko poremetilo svjetski ciklus dušika". WMO prati koncentracije stakleničkih plinova putem mreže svojih postaja razmještenih u 50 zemalja. Njegovo najnovije izvješće, 7. po redu od 2004., objavljeno je tjedan dana do početka UN-ove konferencije o klimi što će se održati u Durbanu u Južnoafričkoj Republici. Od 28. studenoga do 9. prosinca sudionici konferencije pokušat će pod okriljem UN-a ograničiti zagrijavanje Zemlje na 2 stupnja Celzijeva.