http___livro-ensino-medio.f1cf.com.br_geografia_hr_geography-241.html_1.xml
1.1 2.1 2.2 3.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.1 6.1 6.2 7.1 7.2 7.3 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4
Oil The oil is the most consumed energy resource in the world and is vital to the development of nations, may, in time, also be responsible for his downfall. It is a fossil fuel, like natural gas and coal. You know what your source and when this important energy resource formed? There are several theories about its origin, but the most accepted is that has arisen from the decomposition of plant and animal organic matter (mainly algae and plankton), buried by marine or lacustrine sediments. In shallow areas (continental shelf), due to rapid sedimentation - or at the bottom of the ocean, due to the lower oxygen content - the oxidation of organic matter does not occur fully and this is transformed with the loss of volatile components and concentrating carbon until turn into hydrocarbons. This process takes millions of years. To make drilling geological and geophysical studies are conducted in the area, as well as geochemical and paleontological samples, which will allow to establish the presence or absence of hydrocarbons, avoiding higher costs. Its occurrence in the globe is variable, as new reserves can be discovered, while others are being depleted. Currently, the highest concentration of oil is in the Middle East and gas in Eastern Europe. Its use has been known since antiquity. It is estimated that the bitumen has been used in the construction of the walls of Babylon in Mesopotamia. It was known to the ancient Egyptians and used in paving roads of the Incas in America. In Brazil, we find reference to the existence of oil in Bahia, in the late nineteenth century, a period in which they built the railroad east Brazil. Reports reported that the tools used in the construction were dirty oil. However, the first discovery of commercial interest was made in Lobato, also in Bahia, in 1938. In 1953, was created Petrobras (Petróleo Brasileiro SA).
1.1 2.1 2.2 3.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.1 6.1 6.2 7.1 7.2 7.3 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4
Ulje Ulje se najviše konzumira izvor energije u svijetu, te je od vitalnog značaja za razvoj naroda, može, u vrijeme, i biti odgovoran za njegovu propast. To je fosilno gorivo, kao što su prirodni plin i ugljen. Znaš što ti je izvor, a kada je to važno izvor energije formirana? Postoji nekoliko teorija o podrijetlu, ali je prihvaćen je da je nastala od raspadanja biljnog i životinjskog organske tvari (uglavnom algi i planktona), pokopan morski ili jezerski naslaga. U plitkim područjima (epikontinentalni), zbog brzog taloženja - ili na dnu oceana, zbog manje kisika - oksidacija organskih tvari ne dogodi u potpunosti, a to se pretvara s gubitkom hlapivih komponenti i koncentracija ugljičnog do pretvoriti u ugljikovodika. Ovaj proces traje milijune godina. Da bi bušenje geoloških i geofizičkih istraživanja su provedena u prostoru, kao i geokemijski i paleontoloških uzorke, koji će omogućiti da se utvrdi prisutnost ili odsutnost ugljikovodika, izbjegavajući veće troškove. Njegova pojava u svijetu je promjenjiva, kao i nove zalihe mogu biti otkriveni, a drugi su iscrpljene. Trenutno, Najveća koncentracija ulja na Bliskom istoku i plina u istočnoj Europi. Njegova upotreba je poznata od antike. Procjenjuje se da je bitumen je korišten u gradnji zidina Babilona u Mezopotamiji. To je poznato da su drevni Egipćani, a koriste se u asfaltiranje ceste od Inka u Americi. U Brazilu, nalazimo pozivanje na postojanje nafte u Bahia, krajem devetnaestog stoljeća, razdoblje u kojem su izgradili željezničku istočni Brazil. Izvješća izvijestio da su alati koji se koriste u izgradnji bile prljave nafte. Međutim, prvo otkriće komercijalnih interesa je napravljen u Lobato, također u Bahia, u 1938. Godine 1953, je stvorio Petrobras (Petróleo Brasileiro SA).