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School Microscope Robert Hooke. Afbeelding uit Hooke's Micrographia, Londen, 1664. Source: Deutsches Museum. In the seventeenth century, the young Dutchman Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632 - 1723) learned to grind lenses with his father, who after arming plating silver and copper. These lenses are a precursor of what we know today as the magnifying glass. With this instrument, he watched hairs and small insects. To continue its observations, Leeuwenhoek perfected the microscope and visualized amazing images, like "tiny globules of mucus" and "animalcules", some very small, others larger, slow or zigzagging at high speed and continuously changing direction, describing the magnificently. Before Leeuwenhoek, sages had already built a microscope. Some books bring the physicist and astronomer Robert Hooke (1635 - 1703) as the first to build a microscope to observe biological material. For exa- undermine the cork or other parts of plants, it was fine cuts so light can pass through and colocavaos between glass. That was how Robert Hooke became known as the first scientist to use the term cell to describe the small voids cork. With the improvement of the microscope, it was observed that the spaces that Hooke described as voids are filled with important structures that keep living things running. The cell concept, as we know it today, later appearing in the early nineteenth century, from the research developed by Mathias Schleiden (1838), who observed animal cells, and Theodor Schwann (1839), who observed plant cells. Their observations showed that all living things are composed of cells. In 1946, the history of cytology registers a revolution. The materials hitherto viewed in optical microscopes are now observed in electron microscopes. In them, the materials observed are crossed by beams of electrons and not by light beams - as occurs in optical microscopes. Thus, the materials observed are increased further. ACTIVITY As the investigators cited above, we observations using the microscope. With the guidance of your teacher do the following: Possession of a popsicle stick, disposable, scrape the buccal mucosa. Place on a microscope slide and observe the optical microscope with an eyepiece and a 10 X 20 X objective What do you see? How often viewed object increased in size? Take back your blade and table or a drop of Lugol iodine, cover with a cover slip. And now, what happened? Repeat the same procedure with a layer of onion. After the observations, draw what you saw. Do not forget to make the identification of the parts of your illustration. Were you satisfied with the observation of cells? Compare what you saw with the representation of a cell biology book. The cells that you observed and illustrated similar? Organization of Living Things
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Škola Mikroskopski Robert Hooke. Afbeelding uit Hookeov micrographia, Londen, 1664. Izvor: Deutsches Museum. U sedamnaestom stoljeću, mladi Nizozemac Antony van Leeiwenhoek (1632 - 1723) saznao za mljevenje leće s ocem, koji je nakon naoružavanja oplata srebra i bakra. Ove leće su preteča onoga što danas znamo kao povećalom. S ovog instrumenta, on je gledao glavu i male kukce. Za nastavak svoje primjedbe, Leeiwenhoek usavršen mikroskop i vizualizirati nevjerojatne slike, kao što su "sitne kuglice sluzi" i "animalcules", neke su vrlo male, a drugi veći, sporim ili cik-cak i pri visokim brzinama i stalno mijenja smjer, opisujući veličanstveno. Prije Leeiwenhoek, mudraci već izgradila mikroskopa. Neke knjige donijeti fizičar i astronom Robert Hooke (1635 - 1703), kao prvi koji će izgraditi mikroskop za promatranje biološkog materijala. Za primjer po- potkopati pluta ili ostalih dijelova biljaka, bilo je fino reže tako da svjetlost može proći i colocavaos između stakla. Tako je Robert Hooke je postao poznat kao prvi znanstvenik koristiti termin ćeliju opisati mali šupljina pluta. Uz poboljšanje mikroskopom, uočeno je da su prostori koji su opisani kao Hooke šupljina ispunjena važnih struktura koje drže živa bića radi. Koncept stanica, kao što znamo danas, kasnije se pojavljuju u ranom devetnaestom stoljeću, od istraživanja razvio Mathias Schleidena (1838), koji su promatrali životinjskih stanica, i Theodor Schwanna (1839), koji su promatrali biljne stanice. Njihova zapažanja pokazao da su sva živa bića sastavljena od stanica. Godine 1946, povijest citološke registrira revoluciju. Materijali dosad pogledali u optičkim mikroskopom sada se promatra u elektronskim mikroskopom. U njima su materijali uočene su prešli strane snopova elektrona, a ne zraka svjetlosti - kao što se događa u optičkim mikroskopom. Dakle, materijali su uočene povećala. AKTIVNOST Kao što su istražitelji citirano, mi zapažanja pomoću mikroskopa. Pod vodstvom svog učitelja učinite sljedeće: Posjedovanje sladoled na štapiću stick, za jednokratnu upotrebu, struže sluznici. Mjesto na mikroskop i promatrati optičkim mikroskopom uz okular i 10 X 20 X objektivni Što vidiš? Koliko često gleda objekt povećan u veličini? Uzmi natrag svoj nož i stol ili kapi Lugol joda, pokriti s poklopcem listiću. A sada, što se dogodilo? Ponovite isti postupak sa slojem luk. Nakon promatranja, privući ono što ste vidjeli. Ne zaboravite napraviti identifikaciju dijelova ilustracije. Jeste li zadovoljni s promatranjem stanica? Usporedite ono što ste vidjeli s predstavljanja knjige stanične biologije. Stanice koje ste uočili su i ilustrirani slično? Organizacija živih bića