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Physics In the view of Galileo Galilei(1564-1642) for example, the "heat" would be associated with the motion of particles. There would be no heat only mental connected to a sense particle motion. The design heat Descartes, in turn, was linked to the fact that everything in the real world resulted from the interaction of two principles: "extension" (matter) and "movement." To account for the world as we see, Descartes proposed the existence of three types of particles distinguished by its extension: fire particles, the smallest, some infinitely small; boules, intermediate, and matter particles, the constituents of the objects. The dilation of the objects to be caused by the pressure of fire and particulate boules, compressed between the particulate material. The vibration of the particles of matter would cause a sensation of heat, and this vibration would be caused by the agitation of 'subtle matter', this is again fire particles and boules. Disciples of Descartes later merged these two particles in a 'subtle fluid' later called caloric. Boyle, disciple of René Descartes(1596-1650), also defended the idea that the heat would be associated with the motion of atoms random, and could be generated by friction, percussion or friction. As none of the theories gave an explanation consistent enough about the nature of heat, even in the seventeenth century, had two theories about the nature of heat. In one, the heat would be just like a fluid indestructible, invisible and imponderable, caloric, passing from hot bodies to cold bodies. In theory competitor, "Molecular Theory of Movement", the heat would be linked to the vibrations of the atoms or molecules making up the material. As there was, at that time, an atomic theory of matter, the idea of molecular movement lost momentum in relation to the caloric theory, which was featured in the eighteenth century, including some experiments. Joseph Black(1728-1799), influential thinker of the eighteenth century, sought to measure the heat and its consequences. Black is due to the definition of the heat quantity that obeys a conservation law very similar to the law of conservation of momentum of Isaac Newton(1642-1727). Stated another way, two bodies placed in contact heat exchange and alter their Temperatures in the same way that two bodies have their speed changed aftercolliding themselves. As the momentum is conserved in the event of a collision, too much heat is conserved in the case of contact between two bodies. The amount of heat that enters a body is equal to the amount of heat that exits from the other body. Because of this conservation law, the idea of strengthening the Black over the caloric theory.
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Fizika U pogledu Galileo Galilei(1564-1642), na primjer, "toplinu" će biti povezan s gibanju čestica. Ne bi bilo topline samo mentalno povezani s pokretima smislu čestica. Dizajn topline Descartes je, pak, bio je povezan s činjenicom da je sve u stvarnom svijetu rezultirao iz interakcije dvaju načela: ". Pokret" "ekstenzija" (stvar) i Da bi obuhvatila i svijeta, kao što vidimo, Descartes predložio postojanje tri vrste čestica razlikuju po svojoj proširenje: Vatra čestice, najmanji, neka beskonačno mala, bulovi, srednji, i materija, čestice Sastavnice objekata. Dilatacija od objekata koji će biti uzrokovan pritiskom vatre i krutih balote, komprimiranih između čestica materijala. Vibracije od čestica materije će izazvati osjećaj topline, a to bi se vibracije uzrokovane miješanja 'suptilne materije', to je opet požara čestice i boćalište. Učenici Descartesa kasnije spojio ove dvije čestice u 'prorijeđen fluid' kasnije nazvanom kalorijskih(Quadros, 1996: 38).. Boyle, učenik René Descartes(1596-1650), također branio ideju da se toplina će biti povezan sa gibanje atoma slučajnih, a može biti generirana trenjem, udaraljke ili trenja. Kao što nitko od teorija je dao objašnjenje dosljedan dovoljno o naravi topline, čak ni u sedamnaestom stoljeću, dvije teorije o prirodi topline. U jednoj, toplina će biti samo kao tekućina neuništiva, nevidljiva i ne može procijeniti, kalorija, prolazi od vrućih tijela na hladne tijela. U teoriji konkurenta, "Molekularna Teorija pokreta", toplina će biti povezan s vibracije atoma ili molekula koje čine materijal. Kao što je bilo, u to vrijeme, atomska teorija materije, ideja o molekularnoj kretanja izgubio zamah u odnosu na kalorija teorije, koja je predstavljena u osamnaestom stoljeću, uključujući i neke eksperimente. Josip Crni(1728-1799), najutjecajniji mislilac iz osamnaestog stoljeća, tražio za mjerenje topline i njegove posljedice. Crna je zbog definiciji topline količine koje slijedi zakon očuvanja vrlo sličan zakon o održanjuzamah Navedeni drugi način, dvaju tijela stavljena u kontakt topline i promijeniti svoje Temperature u isti način na koji dva tijela imaju svoje brzinese promijenilo nakonšto se sudaraju. Kaomomentum je sačuvana u slučaju sudara, previše topline je sačuvana u slučaju kontakta između dva tijela. Količina topline koja ulazi u tijelo je jednaka količini topline koja izlazi iz drugih tijela. Zbog tog zakona konzervacije, ideja o jačanju crna preko kalorija teorije.