http___metro-portal.hr_higgs-i-englert-dobitnici-nobelove-nagrade-za-fiziku_80920_1.xml
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The Nobel Prize in physics was awarded today (Oct. 8) to two physicists who predicted the existence of the renowned Higgs boson particle nearly 50 years ago, and scientists around the world were quick to offer their praise, calling it "a fantastic day for particle physics." The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the Nobel Prize to Francois Englert, of Belgium, and Peter Higgs, of the United Kingdom, for their independent research in 1964 on the theory of particle masses. Their studies led the way to the discovery of the particle, which is thought to explain how other fundamental particles get their mass, by two experiments (dubbed CMS and ATLAS) at the CERN lab in 2012. In the weeks leading up to the Nobel Prize announcement, Englert and Higgs were early favorites to take home this year's prestigious award. The prize honors the groundbreaking work done by the two physicists that set off a decades-long hunt for the once-elusive Higgs boson particle, said Meenakshi Narain, a professor of physics at Brown University in Providence, R.I. "This Nobel Prize is a long time in the making," Narain, who participated in the search for the Higgs boson particle as part of the CMS research team, told LiveScience. "This is one of the crowning achievements of our field." [Top 5 Implications of Finding the Higgs Boson] In July 2012, evidence of a new particle thought to be the Higgs boson was reported by two separate research teams — CMS and ATLAS — at CERN's Large Hadron Collider, the world's largest atom smasher. The much-lauded discovery was confirmed this past March. The discovery of the Higgs boson particle represented the final missing piece of the puzzle predicted by the Standard Model, the reigning theory of particle physics, said Michael Turner, president of the American Physical Society (APS). "The discovery of this new class of elementary particles not only completes one of the great intellectual achievements of the last century — the Standard Model of particle physics — but also raises new questions and has implications for other areas of physics, including the birth of the universe," Turner said in a statement. In 1964, Englert, Higgs and Robert Brout (who died in 2011) published their papers independently in the APS journal Physical Review Letters. The Nobel Committee's rules dictate that the awards cannot be given posthumously, which removed Brout from contention. For science prizes, the committee's rules also dictate that no more than three individuals can share the honor, and the prize is typically not awarded to institutions or organizations, unlike with the Nobel Peace Prize. Still, the award recognizes the efforts of the pioneering scientists, and the decades of research that culminated in the 2012 discovery of the Higgs boson particle. "It's wonderful to see a 50-year-old theory confirmed after decades of hard work and remarkable ingenuity," Doon Gibbs, director of Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, N.Y., said in a statement. At CERN, near Geneva, scientists celebrated the announcement. "I think we can all be proud," Rolf-Dieter Heuer, CERN's director general, told reporters in a news briefing today. "Both things go very closely together — theory and experiment. I can only say it's great. It's a fantastic day for particle physics." [Photos: The World's Largest Atom Smasher (LHC)] Joe Incandela, a spokesman for the CMS research team, said physicists gathered at CERN to hear the announcement and were elated with the outcome. "As experimentalists, we don't go into this expecting a Nobel Prize," he said. "For us, the prize is the discovery, so I think we're very happy that our work was directly recognized." With the Standard Model now complete, physicists are probing other enduring mysteries that lie beyond the visible realm of the universe. These include understanding the role of gravity, and looking for signs of enigmatic dark matter and dark energy, which is the invisible stuff that makes up about 96 percent of the universe. "With the existence of the Higgs boson confirmed, explaining why the fundamental building blocks of nature acquire mass, we can now move on to the next challenges to our understanding, such as the phenomena of dark matter and quantum gravity," Frances Saunders, president of the Institute of Physics, said in a statement. Furthermore, the discovery of the Higgs boson particle and today's Nobel Prize announcement has cast a spotlight on the world of particle physics, and scientists now hope the publicity generates more funding amid shrinking budgets in the global economy. "It's been really gratifying, as a particle physicist, to see how people have been so interested in the Higgs boson," Don Lincoln, an adjunct professor at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana and a researcher at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Illinois, told LiveScience. "It's been almost NASA-level interest, and I'm hoping it will translate into recognition by the nation and the world science community." Follow Denise Chow on Twitter @denisechow. Follow LiveScience @livescience, Facebook & Google+. Original article on LiveScience.
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Higgs i Englert dobitnici Nobelove nagrade za fiziku Peter Higgs iz Britanije i Francois Englert iz Belgije dobitnici su ovogodišnje Nobelove nagrade za fiziku zbog otkrića hipotetske elementarne čestice tzv. Higgsova bozona Prema objavi Švedske kraljevske akademije znanosti nagradu su dobili zbog 'teorijskog otkrića mehanizma koji pridonosi našem razumijevanju porijekla mase subatomskih čestica'. Prezime profesora sa sveučilišta u Edinburghu Petera Higgsa (84) opće je poznato i povezano s jednim od najvažnijih otkrića na polju fizike u posljednjih stotinu godina - čestice koja je ključ razumijevanja postojanja mase, raznolikosti i života u svemiru - Higgsova bozona, poznatog i kao 'božja čestica'. Objava nagrade kasnila je sat vremena što je neuobičajeno, prenose svjetski mediji. Akademija je tek twitter porukom objavila kako zasjedanje odbora, u vrijeme kad je nagrada trebala biti već objavljena, 'još traje'. Akademija odluku donosi glasanjem na dan objave dobitnika nagrade. Eksperimentalna potvrda postojanja Higgsova bozona, koji je u javnosti poznat i kao 'Božja čestica', bila je jedan od glavnih ciljeva rada novog CERN-ova supersudarača atomskih čestica Large Hadron collidera (LHC) vrijednog 10 milijarda dolara. Premda su znanstvenici prije puno godina osmislili teoretski model postojanja tog bozona, bio je potreban golemi projekt izgradnje LHC-a, u kojemu je sudjelovalo više od stotinu zemalja te dvogodišnji rad tog ubrzivača čestica kako bi se došlo do preliminarnih rezultata. Dvojica znanstvenika bili su favoriti i podijelit će nagradu vrijednu osam milijuna švedskih kruna. 'Nagrađena teorija središnji je dio fizike Standardnog modela čestica koji objašnjava kako je svijet sazdan', objavila je akademija u priopćenju. 'Prema Standardnom modelu sve od cvijeća i ljudi do zvijezda i planeta sastoji se od tek nekoliko građevnih elemenata - čestica materije'. Higgsov bozon posljednji je dio Standardnog modela koji objašnjava fundamentalni ustroj svemira. Naziv 'božja čestica' dobio je u javnosti zbog svoje uloge u pretvaranju Velikog praska u uređeni svemir. Daleke 1964. godine ukupno je šest znanstvenika gotovo istodobno objavilo radove u kojima su se bavili postojanjem elementarnih čestica. Englert (80) s Université Libre de Bruxelles i njegov kolega Robert Brout, koji je preminuo 2011., prvi su objavili rad o elementarnim česticama no Higgs je nekoliko tjedana kasnije u svom radu bio prvi koji je eksplicitno predvidio postojanje nove čestice.