http___mapnall.com_hr_Zemljovid-Hong-Kong_1072674.html_1.xml
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Hong Kong , officially known as Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is a region on the southern coast of China geographically enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea. Hong Kong is known for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour, and with a land mass of and a population of over seven million people, is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 93.6% ethnic Chinese and 6.4% from other groups. Hong Kong's Cantonese-speaking majority originate mainly from the neighbouring Guangdong province, from which many of them fled to escape wars and communist rule in mainland China from the 1930s to 1960s. Hong Kong was established as a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). Hong Kong Island was first ceded in perpetuity to Great Britain, followed by Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and then the New Territories were put under lease in 1898. It was occupied by Japan during The Second World War (1941–45), after which the British resumed control until 1997. The amalgam of British and Chinese culture during the colonial era shaped the current culture of Hong Kong. For example, the educational system followed the British model until 2009. As a result of the negotiations and the 1984 agreement between China and Britain, Hong Kong was handed over to the People's Republic of China and became its first Special Administrative Region on 1 July 1997, under the principle of "one country, two systems" (the other special region, Macau, attained that status when Portugal handed it over in December 1999). Hong Kong has a different political system from mainland China. Hong Kong's independent judiciary functions under the common law framework. The Hong Kong Basic Law , the constitutional document drafted by the Chinese side before the handover based on the terms enshrined in the Joint Declaration, governs its political system, and stipulates that Hong Kong shall have a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign relations and military defence. Although it has a multi-party system, a small-circle electorate controls 30 out of 70 seats of its legislature, which was classified as flawed democracy with the lowest score in political rights among advanced economies. Hong Kong is a world city and is one of the Alpha+ cities. It ranks the 5th most important city all over the world in Global cities index in 2014, after New York City, London, Tokyo and Paris. It has the largest income inequality among advanced economies. It also has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, and has a high Human Development Index and high international rankings in financial and economic competitiveness. As Hong Kong ranks as the third most important international financial centre, after London and New York City, it has a major capitalist service economy characterised by low taxation and free trade, and the currency, the Hong Kong dollar, is the eighth most traded currency in the world. The limited space created demand for denser construction, which developed the city into a centre for modern architecture and the world's most vertical city. with loose emission standards and a high level of atmospheric particulates compared to other advanced economies.
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Hong Kong, Hongkong (kineski: 香港) je grad, i zajedno s Makaom, jedna od dvije posebne upravne regije (''PUR'') Narodne Republike Kine. Smješten na južnoj obali Kine i okružen deltom Biserne rijeke i Južnim kineskim morem, poznat je po svojoj neboderskoj arhitekturi i velikoj prirodnoj luci. S površinom od 1104 km² i sedam milijuna stanovnika, jedno je od najgušće naseljenih područja na svijetu. Stanovništvo Hong Konga 95% je etnički kinesko dok se preostalih 5% odnosi na druge nacionalne grupe. Hongkonška Han kineska većina potječe uglavnom iz gradova Guangzhou i Taishan u susjednoj provinciji Guangdong. Hong Kong je postao kolonija Britanskog imperija nakon prvog opijumskog rata (1839.–42.). Izvorno ograničene otokom Hong Kong, do 1898. granice kolonije postepeno su širene na poluotok Kowloon i Nove teritorije. U doba drugog svjetskog rata, tijekom rata na Pacifiku bio je okupiran od strane Japana. 1945. Britanija je ponovo uspostavila svoju vlast do 1997., kada je Kina ponovo uspostavila suverenitet. Regija je tijekom kolonijalnog doba prihvatila politiku minimalne intervencije vlasti pod etikom pozitivnog neintervencionizma. To razdoblje snažno je utjecalo na aktualnu kulturu Hong Konga, koji se često opisuje kao mjesto gdje "Istok susreće zapad", slobodno temeljen na Engleskom sustavu. Hongkonško neovisno sudstvo djeluje pod sustavom običajnog prava. Temeljni zakon Hong Konga, ustavni dokument koji propisuje "visok stupanj autonomije" u svim pitanjima osim vanjskih odnosa i obrane, upravlja političkim sustavom teritorija. Premda raspolaže s rastućim višestranačkim sustavom, uski krug biračkog tijela kontrolira polovicu legislature. Izborni odbor s 800 članova bira šefa administracije Hong Konga, tj. šefa vlade. Kao jedno od vodećih svjetskih međunarodnih financijskih središta, Hong Kong raspolaže s značajnom kapitalističkom ekonomijom usluga, karakteriziranu niskim porezima, slobodnom trgovinom, dok je valuta, Honkonški dolar, prema prometu deveta na svijetu. Nedostatak prostora uvjetovao je gušću izgradnju, što je Hong Kong razvilo kao središte moderne arhitekture i grad s najvećim postotkom nebodera. Zbijen prostor također je doveo do visoko razvijene transportne mreže s stopom korištenja javnog prijevoza od iznad 90%, najvišom u svijetu.