http___livro-ensino-medio.f1cf.com.br_fisica_hr_physics-95.html_1.xml
1.1 2.1 3.1 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 8.1 8.2 10.1 11.1 11.2 12.1 12.2 13.1 13.2 14.1 15.1 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 17.1
ACTIVITY Text 2 : The extraordinary development of the productive forces achieved by industrial capitalism arises both from the promotion of scientific activity as the interconnectedness laboratories to factories, getting these, quickly, research findings and applying them to production and shipping back to just as quickly the new problems posed by technical advance. Humans, throughout history, has been producing goods and services necessary for their subsistence. In this production, man interacts through its workforce with diverse instruments of production (raw materials, equipment, machinery, etc ...). Each human society is associated with a production mode that is dominant. Search and characterize the changes that human societies have suffered as a result of the mode of production, since this mode of production under feudalism to the present day. 2 The text shows an association between science and technology in the development of capitalist society. Consequences that this association has brought to the production of goods and services? Sadi Carnot proposed a theory to explain the operation of heat engines in his book Reflections motive power of fire. Source: http://br.geocities.com/saladefisica9/biografias/carnot.htm Thermodynamics evolves from requirements posed by capitalist industry which required the development of this science to its full establishment. In this evolution, Sadi Carnot (1796 - 1832), physicist and military engineer born in France, would have fundamental importance, as we shall see below. Carnot used as a starting point to search for increased efficiency of the steam engine. The industrial sector depended on these machines, because their improvement, resulting in increased efficiency, benefit to production. Efficiency reminds action, produce an effect. Does this have to do with the fact that the coal burned to ashes in coal can not return? Carnot, who accepted the theory of caloric, made an analogy of what was happening on the machine with a drop of water: the water falls from a greater height to a lower height because of the high water has higher gravitational potential energy, ie more engine power. Likewise, the caloric is transferred from the hot source (which has more calories) to the cold source (which has fewer calories). In this transfer, the caloric engine power is converted into mechanical work. Carnot noted that there was a balance between caloric given and received, which was not destroyed but transported from hot body to cold body and showed that this is impossible to happen lossless transfer. Say that the transfer of caloric loss does not mean that all the motive power supplied to the machine is used for manu-
1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 6.1 7.1 8.1 9.1 10.1 11.1
Termodinamika evoluira iz zahtjeva koje nameće kapitalističke industrije koja zahtijeva razvoj ove znanosti u svom punom osnutka. U ovom evolucije, Sadi Carnot (1796 - 1832), fizičar i vojni inženjer, rođen je u Francuskoj, imati temeljnu važnost, kao što ćemo vidjeti u nastavku. Carnot koristiti kao polazište za traženje povećanu učinkovitost parnog stroja. Industrijski sektor ovisi o tim strojevima, jer je njihovo poboljšanje, što je rezultiralo povećanjem učinkovitosti, koristi za proizvodnju. Učinkovitost podsjeća akciju, proizvesti učinak. Ima li to veze s činjenicom da je ugljen izgorjela do pepela ugljena ne može vratiti? Carnot, koji je prihvatio teoriju kalorijskih, napravili analogiju onoga što se događalo na stroju s kap vode: voda pada s veće visine na nižoj visini zbog visoke vode ima višu gravitacijsku potencijalnu energiju, tj. više snaga motora. Isto tako, kalorija je prešao iz vrućeg izvora (koji ima više kalorija) na hladnom izvoru (koja ima manje kalorija). U ovom transferu, Kalorijska snaga motora se pretvara u mehanički rad. Carnot napominje da postoji ravnoteža između kalorijskih dao i dobio, koja nije bila uništena, ali prevozi iz vruće tijelo na hladnom tijelu i pokazao da je nemoguće da se dogodi bez gubitaka prijenosa. Recimo da je prijenos gubitka kalorija ne znači da su svi motiv napajati na stroj se koristi za Manu-