http___magazin.hrt.hr_356892_europa-drugi-put-pokusava-spustiti-sondu-na-mars_1.xml
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"Life on Mars" lander makes risky touch down on red planet The search for life on Mars took a giant leap on Wednesday when a space lander touched down on the red planet in Europe's first attempt to land a craft there since the Beagle 2's "heroic failure" more than a decade ago. The disc-shaped 577-kg (1,272 lb) Schiaparelli lander, which is testing technologies for a rover due to follow in 2020, landed on Mars after a risky descent, but scientists are still waiting to find out what shape it is in. During the six minutes descent to the surface, it used a parachute and thrusters to slow from a speed of nearly 21,000 km (13,000 miles) per hour. "We have to wait a little bit to see what happens with the test lander. But this (mission) is already a success so far," European Space Agency (ESA) Director General Jan Woerner said at ESA's Space Operations Centre in Darmstadt, Germany. The lander is named for Giovanni Schiaparelli, the Italian astronomer who in 1877 began mapping the topography of Mars, extending study of what are now known as the planet's canals, a mistranslation of the Italian word canali, or channels. "Mars has already inspired people for centuries," ESA's Woerner told Reuters TV. Schiaparelli is part of the European-Russian ExoMars programme, which will search for signs of past and present life on Mars and represents only the second European attempt to land a craft on the red planet. Britain's Beagle 2 was ejected from the Mars Express spacecraft in 2003 but never made contact after failing to deploy its solar panels upon landing. At the time it was dubbed "a heroic failure". Landing on Mars, Earth's neighbour some 35 million miles (56 million km) away, is a notoriously difficult task that has bedevilled most Russian efforts and given NASA trouble as well. A seemingly hostile environment on Mars has not detracted from its allure, with U.S. President Barack Obama recently highlighting his pledge to send people to the planet by the 2030s. Entrepreneur Elon Musk's SpaceX is developing a massive rocket and capsule to transport large numbers of people and cargo to Mars with the ultimate goal of colonising the planet, with Musk saying he would like to launch the first crew as early as 2024. LIFE ON MARS The primary goal of ExoMars is to find out whether life has ever existed on Mars. The spacecraft on which the Schiaparelli lander travelled to Mars, Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), carries an atmospheric probe to study trace gases such as methane around the planet. Scientists believe that methane, a chemical that on Earth is strongly tied to life, could stem from micro-organisms that either became extinct millions of years ago and left gas frozen below the planet's surface, or that some methane-producing organisms still survive. "If there is life in our solar system beyond Earth, then Mars is the most interesting planet," ESA's Woerner said. The second part of the ExoMars mission, delayed to 2020 from 2018, will deliver a European rover to the surface of Mars. It will be the first with the ability to both move across the planet's surface and drill into the ground to collect and analyse samples. The ExoMars 2016 mission is led by the European Space Agency (ESA), with Russia's Roscosmos supplying the launcher and two of the four scientific instruments on the trace gas orbiter. The prime contractor is Thales Alenia Space, a joint venture between Thales and Finmeccanica. The cost of the ExoMars mission to ESA, including the second part due in 2020, is expected to be about 1.3 billion euros ($1.4 billion). Russia's contribution comes on top of that. (Editing by Ralph Boulton) More in News Zahid: Foreign student visa approval in 14 daysThe Star Online TN50 a pipe dream with weak support, says Kit SiangFree Malaysia Today I know who you are, Ku Nan warns middlemenThe Star Online MCA, stick to ruling Malaysia, not channeling for ChinaFree Malaysia Today ‘More foreign workers than Malaysian-Chinese by 2030’Free Malaysia Today Malaysia has outgrown previous economic model, Rahman Dahlan tells Dr MThe Star Online More From Reuters Davos offers unsettling glimpse of new world orderReuters VIP treatment - Special health clinic planned for Putin's elite officialsReuters China sees 'grim' situation in relations with Taiwan this yearReuters 'It's made in Vietnam!' At inauguration, origin of red Trump hats shocks manyReuters
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ESA: Sonda TGO uspješno ušla u Marsovu orbitu, još nije poznata sudbina landera Europska svemirska agencija (ESA) večeras je objavila da je znanstvena europsko-ruska sonda TGO (Trace gas orbiter) uspješno ušla u Marsovu orbitu, ali još nije poznata sudbina robotiziranog landera, nazvanog Schiaparelli. Znanstvenici očekuju nove podatke iza ponoći te su najavili da će sutra o njima obavijestiti javnost. Signal je s landera stizao većim dijelom njegova putovanja kroz atmosferu Crvenog planeta, ali je izgubljen prije nego je sletio na površinu. To je potvrđeno radioteleskopskim praćenjem sa Zemlje, a potvrda je stigla i od svemirske letjelice Mars Express koja je pratila spuštanje iz orbite. Lander Schiaparelli, težak 577 kg, trebao je sletjeti na Mars nakon rizičnog šestominutnog spuštanja na površinu planeta tijekom kojeg je korišten padobran i potisnici kako bi se smanjila brzina od skoro 21.000 kilometara na sat, navodi agencija Reuters. Moramo malo pričekati da vidimo što se dogodilo s pokusnim landerom. Međutim, za ovu misiju se već sad može reći da je uspješna, rekao je čelnik ESA-e Jan Woerner u ESA-inom Centru za svemirske operacije u Darmstadtu u Njemačkoj. Ovaj povijesni europski svemirski pothvat trebao bi dokazati europske sposobnosti postavljanja modula na Crveni planet, 13 godina nakon neuspjeha malenog Beaglea 2. Riječ je o vrlo osjetljivom manevru koji zahtjeva veliku preciznost. Dosad su samo Amerikanci uspjeli postaviti na Mars dva modula koja su uspjela funkcionirati. Orbitalna letjlica TGO i 'lander' Schiaparelli prva su faza projekta ExoMars, ambiciozne europsko-ruske znanstvene misije koja se odvija u dvije faze, u godini 2016. te u 2020., u svrhu istraživanja za tragovima života danas i u prošlosti Crvenog planeta. TGO će biti zadužen za 'njuškanje' atmosfere oko Marsa kako bi otkrio plin u tragovima poput metana koji bi mogao naslutiti da postoji neki oblik današnjeg života na planetu. Ovo je drugi put da Europa kreće u osvajanje Marsa. Godine 2003. euorpska sonda Mars Express spustila je mini-lander Beagle2, britanskog dizajna, ali taj nije nikada dao znakove života. Poznato je od 2015. da se Beagle 2 zbilja spustio na Mars, ali je bio oštećen.