http___metro-portal.hr_neobicne-promjene-koje-trudnoca-cini-zenskom-tijelu_67292_1.xml
1.1 2.1 2.2 3.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 6.1 6.2 6.3 8.1 8.2 8.3 9.1 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 11.1 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 13.1 14.1 14.2 14.3 15.1 15.2 15.3 16.1 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 18.1 19.1 19.2 19.3 20.1 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 22.1 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5
Your changing body Pregnancy is a time of major physical changes, from a swollen belly to swollen feet. Here are eight of the strangest things that happen to the body when you're pregnant. You grow a whole new organ It’s not just a baby-to-be developing in the womb; pregnant women are also growing a whole new organ. The placenta is the only transient organ in the human body. It starts to form when the fertilized egg, at this point a multicellular blastocyst, implants in the uterine wall about a week after conception. The outer layer of the blastocyst, called the trophoblast, develops into what will be the bulk of the placenta. Once the placenta is established, its job is to form a porous barrier between mom’s and baby’s blood. Maternal vessels seep nutrients and oxygen into spaces called intervillous spaces in the placenta, where fetal vessels pick up these necessities to deliver to the developing fetus via the umbilical. The fetus rids itself of waste in the same way. The placenta has another, lesser-known part to play in its role as temporary organ. This one-pound (2.2-kilogram) dark-red disk is also an endocrine organ, meaning it excretes hormones. These hormones, from human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, the hormone detected in pregnancy tests) to estrogen and progesterone, are crucial for maintaining the pregnancy and preparing the mammary glands for nursing. Your bones get loose Baby’s head has got to make it of the hard, bony pelvis somehow. Fortunately, the pregnant body has a trick up its sleeve: the hormone relaxin, appropriately named because it relaxes the cartilage that holds bones together. Relaxin loosens the pubic symphysis, the place on the pubic bone located in front of the bladder where a ring of cartilage anchors the bone together. This relaxation makes labor easier, but unfortunately it isn’t targeted just to the pelvis — relaxin, present at 10 times normal levels during pregnancy, hits all joints in the body. The hormone is one reason that some women experience joint and back pain as pregnancy progresses. Relaxin and loosening ligaments are also to blame for some women’s shoe size increasing during pregnancy. Memory may get fuzzy Wait, what was I doing? Pregnancy brain is no myth , according to a 2010 study. During the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, women perform significantly worse on spatial memory tests than their non-pregnant sisters, the research found. It’s possible that hormonal changes are to blame, study researcher Diane Farrar of the University of Bradford in England told LiveScience, though pregnancy-triggered mood changes could be at fault as well. You may feel queasy First, the bad news: “Morning” sickness is a lie. In fact, nausea and vomiting can strike pregnant women at any time of day. Fortunately, this side effect of pregnancy usually passes by week 12 or so. No one is entirely sure why morning sickness affects about half of pregnant women, but a 2008 study suggests that all the queasiness may be an adaptation to help  keep developing embryos safe . The study found that morning sickness is most often triggered by strong smells and tastes, suggesting that the body is trying to prevent consumption of potentially dangerous substances. Morning sickness peaks around the same time as initial organ development in embryos, another hint that the body might be on high alert during this period. Your heart aches But not because you’re sad. Heartburn is caused by the pressure the expanding uterus puts on the digestive system. Usually, the acid contents of the stomach are kept down by the esophageal sphincter, a loop of muscle in the diaphragm that acts to close off the esophagus when pressure in the abdomen rises. But during pregnancy, the hormone progesterone relaxes that sphincter. Meanwhile, the bigger baby gets, the more pressure it puts on the intestines and stomach. Your bladder gets squished For anyone who’s been expecting or seen a pregnant woman in line for the restroom, you already know that the frequent need to pee can direct an expecting mom’s day or at least her route from point A to point B. The reason? You can blame your growing infant, as an unborn baby presses down on the bladder, urethra and pelvic floor muscles. The pressure not only means more bathroom breaks, but a cough, sneeze or giggle can cause leakage of urine. You: Now with 50% more blood All the hard work of pregnancy requires more blood vessels — and more blood. By the 20th week of pregnancy, your body has 50 percent more blood than it did when you conceived. All this extra blood can have some strange side effects, including varicose veins, hemorrhoids, and even the famous pregnancy “glow” as you get more circulation to your skin. Extra blood may even result in nosebleeds and nasal stuffiness as your mucous membranes swell. Your hands may tingle You may not be a typist or a concert pianist, but pregnancy alone can cause carpal tunnel syndrome in some women. This side effect, marked by numb or tingling hands, is caused by edema, or pregnancy swelling. Extra fluids (which are responsible for 25 percent of weight gain during pregnancy) can pool in the ankles and wrists thanks to gravity. In the wrists, this swelling can pinch nerves, causing “pins-and-needles” tingling. Fortunately, as with all eight of these bodily changes, there’s a cure: Make it through pregnancy and deliver your bouncing bundle of joy.
1.1 2.1 3.1 3.2 4.1 5.1 5.2 5.3 6.1 6.2 6.3 7.1 8.1 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10.1 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 12.1 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 14.1 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 16.1 17.1 17.2 17.3
Neobične promjene koje trudnoća čini ženskom tijelu Za oticanje stopala i bolove u trbuhu već zasigurno znate, ali što je s ostalim promjenama na tijelu, od kojih neke nisu tako očite na prvi pogled? Trudnoća je vrijeme u kojem žensko tijelo prolazi kroz brojne fizičke promjene, od onih relativno poznatih i čestih, poput oticanja stopala, pa sve do onih koji se događaju potpuno „iza kulise", a iznimno su važne za samu trudnoću i porod. Donosimo vam nekoliko najčudnijih stvari koje se događaju vašem tijelu dok ste trudni. Potpuno novi organ Kao što već zasigurno znate, beba nije jedina stvar koja raste u sigurnosti vaše utrobe; u ženskom tijelu za potrebe trudnoće izraste i čitav novi organ. Posteljica je jedini privremeni organ u ljudskom tijelu. Počinje rasti oko tjedan dana nakon začeća, nakon što se oplođena jajna stanica učvrsti za zid maternice. Svrha posteljice ili placente jest da oformi poroznu barijeru između mamine i djetetove krvi. Majčine žile dovode hranjive tvari i kisik do placente, gdje ih onda posebne žilice odnose do pupčane vrpce, i konačno u bebino tijelo. Na isti se način, samo suprotnim putem, fetus rješava otpadnih tvari. Osim te primarne svrhe, placenta je vrlo važna za izlučivanje hormona estrogena i progesterona, koji su ključni za održavanje zdrave trudnoće te pripremu mliječnih žlijezda za dojenje. Bole me sve kosti u tijelu Djetetova glava za vrijeme poroda nekako mora proći kroz inače tvrdu i koščatu zdjelicu. Srećom, tijelo trudnice ima rješenje u rukavu - hormon zvan relaksin. On služi da se olabavi hrskavica koja inače drži kosti zdjelice skupa, što znatno olakšava porod. Nažalost, djelovanje tog hormona nije ograničeno samo na kosti zdjelice, zbog čega mnoge buduće majke osjećaju bolove u zglobovima i leđima kako trudnoća odmiče. Upravo je ovaj hormon i glavni razlog zbog kojeg se ženama povećava broj cipele za vrijeme trudnoće. Kako sam dospjela ovdje? Što smo ono pričali? Ah da, trudnoća. Ako je vjerovati jednoj studiji provedenoj 2010. godine, tzv. „trudnički mozak" nije nikakav mit. Za vrijeme drugog i trećeg tromjesječja trudnice postižu znatno lošije rezultate na testovima prostorne memorije od žena koje nisu trudne, pokazalo je istraživanje. Znanstvenici još uvijek nisu sigurni zbog čega je tomu tako, ali smatraju kako su najvjerojatniji uzrok hormonalne promjene. Miči taj senf od mene Imamo jednu lošu vijest: „jutarnja" mučnina je laž. Mučnina praćena povraćanjem nešto je što trudnice pogađa u svako doba dana i noći. Srećom, ova neugodna nuspojava uglavnom potpuno prestaje do 12. tjedna trudnoće. Nitko sa sigurnošću ne može reći što je uzrok tim mučninama, ali jedna studija iz 2008. godine sugerira da je ono reakcija majčinog tijela u svrhu zaštite embrija. Autori studije tvrdi da su najčešći uzrok mučnine jaki mirisi i okusi, što sugerira da tijelo na taj način zapravo želi spriječiti ženu da konzumira potencijalno opasnu hranu. Prestani me nasmijavati Ukoliko ste ikad bili trudni ili stajali iza trudnice u redu za toalet, znate o čemu pričamo. Često trčanje na wc sastavni je dio dana prosječne trudnice, a situacija se dodatno pogoršava u posljednjim tjednima trudnoće. Razlog je sasvim logičan. Beba koja raste u vašoj utrobi i postaje sve veća i teža neumorno pritišće vaš mjehur, uretru i zdjelični zid, zbog čega vam i svako malo jače kihanje, kašljanje ili smijanje može prouzročiti nesvjesno curenje urina. Trudnički sjaj i krvarenje iz nosa Sav dodatni posao koje vaše tijelo „odrađuje" u trudnoći nužno znači i stvaranje novih krvnih žila, ali i povećanje količine krvi u tijelu. Trudnice u 20. tjednu u svom tijelu imaju čak 50 posto više krvi negoli je to bio slučaj na početku trudnoće. Sva ta dodatna krv može sa sobom donijeti i neke neugodne nuspojave, poput hemoroida, varikoznih vena, krvarenja iz nosa, ali i onaj poznati „trudnički sjaj", koji nastaje kao posljedica pojačane cirkulacije u koži.