http___metro-portal.hr_bizarni-oblici-majcinstva-iz-zivotinjskog-svijeta_58605_1.xml
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Moms -- we've all got them, and we all need them. But some animals have a slightly different idea of what it means to be a good mother. From moms who turn their bodies into food to others who encourage their young to become cannibals, here are the weirdest mothering techniques in nature. Chickens Chicken moms take their duties very seriously. Creating an endless amount of calcium carbonate for eggshells is a difficult task, so if chickens don't get enough calcium in their diets, they'll actually dissolve their own bones to make baby-housing shells. That's one way to lose baby weight! Cuckoos Cuckoos have figured out a unique way to get the neighbors to do the difficult work of raising young. Momma cuckoos will sneakily lay their eggs in another bird's nest. In doing so, the cuckoo tricks the other bird -- often a different, smaller species -- into taking on the expensive burden of raising the chick. The cuckoo chick usually hatches first, and grows faster, forcing the other chicks out of the nest, where they then die. It then gets the full attention of its adoptive parents, giving it much greater chances of survival. Credit: April Nobile / © AntWeb.org Blood-Sucking Ants The tiny endangered Madagascar-based Adetomyrmaant has a strange way to show love to its kiddos. The ants practice something known as "non-destructive cannibalism." When the colony's queen gives birth to ant larvae, she and her workers chew holes in the tiny babies to feed on their haemolymph – their circulatory system fluid (which would be blood in mammals). Scientists can't say exactly why these ants do this -- ants have a social behavior of transferring fluids to each other, so they may be practicing a rudimentary form of that behavior. The baby ants don't die, but sucking blood from the young is a weird way to show vampire affection. Credit: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Gray Whales Sometimes, mothers in the wild have to go to great lengths to protect their young. Pacific gray whales migrate thousands of miles from cold, plankton-rich Arctic waters to relatively nutrient-poor tropical lagoons off of the coast of Mexico where they give birth. While the journey takes the gray whales away from a bountiful food supply, the southern neighborhood is free of the dangerous orcas (they stick to colder waters) that otherwise hunt the newborn whales. It also gives their newborns time to feed on their mothers' incredibly rich milk (53 percent fat!) and build a layer of insulating blubber before the must head to the icy Arctic. Like bears, the mother whales go hungry for months while still needing to produce high-calorie milk for their babies. During this time they may lose as much as 8 tons of weight. Credit: Joaquin Portela Spiders For many spiders, the act of mating signals that their lives are about to end -- remember Charlotte's Web? For several species of the Stegodyphus spiders, motherly love goes even further than watching over the nest. Females attach their egg cocoons to their webs and watch over them until the babies hatch. Once her children have hatched, the mother continues to eat, but regurgitates most of her meals as a nutrient soup for her offspring while the spiderlings stay in their mother's web. When the babies are around a month old, the mother spider rolls over on her back allowing the spiderlings to clamber over her, kill her by injecting their venom and digestive enzymes into her body, and eat her. After the young gobble her up, they turn on each other and cannibalize as many of their siblings as they can before leaving their mother's web. Thanksgiving dinners are probably pretty awkward after that kind of upbringing. Sea Louse Talk about a painful pregnancy. The small fish-clinging female sea louse has to deal with males that impregnate up to 25 females at one time. The worst part? By the time she is ready to give birth to hundreds of baby lice, she sits back and the babies chew through her insides to emerge into the world. Poison Frog The teensy female poison arrow frog literally goes above and beyond when taking on the duties of motherhood. After laying as many as five eggs and watching them hatch, the strawberry poison arrow frog carries her tadpoles, one by one, on her back, from the rain forest floor up into trees as high as 100 feet. After hoisting her babes to the treetops, the frog then finds individual pools of water in leaves for each tadpole, setting up safe and individualized nurseries. That's not the end of her super-mom duties. The mother strawberry poison arrow frog then feeds each of her young with her own unfertilized eggs over the course of six to eight weeks, thus allowing these tadpoles to grow into young frogs without having to eat each other. What, eggs again? This story was provided by Life's Little Mysteries, a sister site to LiveScience.
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Bizarni oblici majčinstva iz životinjskog svijeta Svi imamo majku, i znamo što ona predstavlja, no neke životinje imaju malo drugačiju ideju o tome što znači biti dobra majka Kokoš Kokoši svoje obaveze shvaćaju vrlo ozbiljno. Stvaranje beskonačne količine kalcij karbonata za ljuske jajeta težak je posao. Stoga ukoliko kokoši ne dobiju dovoljno kalcija u svojoj prehrani, one razlažu vlastite kosti kako bi stvorile inkubator za svoje potomstvo. Kukavica Ptica kukavica je pronašla unikatan način podizanja potomstva, gdje susjedi odrađuju najteži posao. Ženka kukavice položi svoja jaja u tuđe gnijezdo, a na taj način zavara druge vrste ptica, obično manje, da preuzmu teret othranjivanja. Mlado od kukavice obično brže raste, prisiljavajući ostale mlade da napuste gnijezdo. Tada dobija punu pažnju svojih posvojitelja i mnogo veće šanse da preživi. Mravi s Madagaskara Sičušna ugrožena vrsta mrava s Madagaskara pod imenom Adetomyrma ima vrlo čudan način brige za potomstvo. Mrav prakticira nešto što bi se dalo opisati kao "nedestruktivni kanibalizam". Kada kraljica kolonije položi jajašca, ona i radnici u njima buše šićušne rupice kako bi se hranili njihovom hemolimfom - tjelesnom tekućinom koja je pandan krvi kod sisavaca. Znanstvenici ne znaju zašto točno to mravi rade. Ti insekti inače imaju socijalno ponašanje prenošenja tekućine, stoga možda prakticiraju rudimentarni oblik takvog ponašanja. Ličinke ne umiru, ali metoda je čudna. Sivi kit Ženke kita moraju preplivati velike udaljenosti kako bi zaštitile svoje mlado. Pacifički sivi kit migirira tisućama milja od hladnih artičkih voda bogatih planktonima, u hranom relativno siromašne tropske lagune meksičkih obala gdje rađa. I dok putovanje znači manjak hrane, južnije vode predstavljaju slobodu od predatora poput kita orke koji lovi mlade kitove. Mladi ovdje također imaju vremena hraniti se majčinim mlijekom i tako izgraditi zaštitni pokrov koji će ih štititi u hladnim vodama Atrika. Ženke kitova gladuju mjesecima, te moraju proizvesti mlijeko za svoje mlado. Tijekom tog perioda mogu izgubiti i do 8 tona težine! Pauk stegodyphus Ženke ove vrste pauka jajašca polažu unutar mreže i paze ih dok se ne izlegnu. Majka za to vrijeme unutar sebe skladišti većinu svojih obroka za mlade, u obliku hranjive juhe. Kada su mladi stari oko mjesec dana, popnu se na leđa majke, ubiju je svojim otrovom, te pojedu. Nakon toga se okreću jedni drugima te se međusobno tamane dok ne napuste mrežu.