http___metro-portal.hr_otkrivena-gigantska-crna-rupa_90273_1.xml
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A quasar discovered by Chinese astronomers has a mass of 12 billion Suns, which could date to the earliest days of the Universe. This object is believed to be the brightest quasar ever found from this distant time. Quasars are extremely energetic bodies, emitting vast amounts of radiation, as they are powered by supermassive black holes. Astronomers from Peking University in China and the University of Arizona discovered and analyzed the quasar SDSS J0100+2802. The mysterious object is located 12.8 billion light years from Earth, and astronomers are seeing it as existed just 900 million years after the big bang. The supermassive black hole at the center of the quasar is as massive as 12 billion suns, and radiates 420 trillion times as much radiation as our parent star. That makes this body seven times more powerful than the most energetic body previously known. “Many astronomers didn’t expect something so massive could exist so early in the universe,” said Xiaohui Fan, of the Steward Observatory at the University of Arizona, and a co-author on the study. “Black holes take time to grow,” he said. “It starts from a seed and grows over time. Then slowly, over time it accrues material to make it bigger and bigger. This is one is a giant but more like a baby in age.” This discovery could help astronomers uncover some of the mysteries surrounding the formation of black holes and quasars when many of the structures seen in the Universe today were just starting to form. “How can a quasar so luminous, and a black hole so massive, form so early in the history of the universe, at an era soon after the earliest stars and galaxies have just emerged? And what is the relationship between this monster black hole and its surrounding environment, including its host galaxy?” Xiaohui Fan asked. Quasars were first discovered in 1963, and they are the most energetic bodies in the Universe. The radiation produced by these objects is created as vast quantities of matter falls into the supermassive black holes at their core. Astronomers have discovered 200,000 quasars using a new generation of detectors. Astrophysicists believe that black holes should take billions of years to grow to the size seen at SDSS J0100+2802. Black holes usually form from the collapse of supermassive stars, and grow as matter falls into their centers. However, there would not have been enough time for a black hole the size of the one seen here to grow to the size recorded in this superluminous quasar. “The existence of such massive black holes in the early universe posts significant challenges to the theory of black hole growth and its relation to galaxy evolution,” the University of Arizona reports. “Our discovery presents a serious challenge to theories about the black hole growth in the early universe,” lead researcher Xue-Bing Wu with Peking University in Beijing, wrote in an email. “It may require either very special ways to grow the black hole within a very short time or the existence of a huge seed black hole when the first generation stars and galaxies formed. Both are difficult to be explained by the current theories.” Many of the stars in the early Universe were 100 times the size of our Sun, and galaxies were 1,000 times more dense than they are today. It is possible these conditions led to the quick growth of this supermassive quasar. Discovered in 1963, quasars are the most powerful objects beyond our Milky Way Galaxy. The quasar was first found by astronomers using the Lijiang Telescope in Yunnan, China, and measurements of the objects mass and distance – and age – were confirmed by researchers in Arizona, Chile, and Hawaii. Further observations of the mysterious object could be taken using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), as well as the Chandra X-Ray Telescope. “This quasar is very unique. Just like the brightest lighthouse in the distant universe, its glowing light will help us to probe more about the early universe,” Xue-Bing Wu, astronomy professor at Peking University, told the press. “These giants of the universe will provide the ideal targets from which to learn about the universe during the first few hundred million years after the Big Bang,” wrote Bram Venemans, of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy. Discovery of the unusually powerful quasar from the early days of our Universe was profiled in the journal Nature.
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Otkrivena gigantska crna rupa Znanstvenici su otkrili crnu rupu koja ima 12 milijardi puta veću masu od Sunca i koja je nastala 900 milijuna godina poslije Velikog praska Supermasivna crna rupa nevjerojatno velike mase, 12 milijardi puta veće od mase našeg Sunca koju su znanstvenici nedavno otkrili ima još jednu zagonetku - vrijeme nastanka. Naime, procijenjeno je da je nastala samo 900 milijuna godina nakon Velikog praska. Golema crna rupa udaljena je 12,8 milijardi svjetlosnih godina od Zemlje. Astronomi nisu u stanju objasniti kako je toliko velika crna rupa mogla nastati tako rano u povijesti svemira, odmah nakon što su nastale prve zvijezde i galaksije.