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The actress Mae West once said, "Too much of a good thing is wonderful!" Unfortunately, in reality, most of the decadent indulgences we pursue — including alcohol and rich foods — are not at all good for us, especially when taken in large quantities. Now, a new study suggests that indulging in too much sleep and inactivity are also unhealthy. Researchers found that people who spend most of the day sitting and sleeping too much may be as likely to die early as people who smoke or drink too much. The Sax Institute's "45 and Up" study included more than 230,000 people in Australia ages 45 and older. For each participant, the researchers counted how many unhealthy behaviors he or she engaged in, including smoking, drinking alcohol, eating unhealthy foods, being physical inactive, exhibiting sedentary behaviors and sleeping too much (which the researchers defined as more than 9 hours per night). [7 Ways the Mind and Body Change With Age] About 30 percent of the participants reported engaging in two or three of the behaviors. After six years, nearly 16,000 people in the study had died. The researchers found that people who were not physically active were 1.6 times more likely to die than those who were physically active (defined by the study as "undertaking more than 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity every week.") But the study also showed that the combination of physical inactivity with sedentary behavior, or physical inactivity with too much sleep, were as strongly linked to mortality among the participants as the combination of smoking with heavy drinking. "Physical inactivity alone had a strong association with mortality," Melody Ding, lead author on the study and senior research fellow at the Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, told Live Science in an email. And when people combined physical inactivity with long sleep times and extended periods of sitting, the negative effects were even more dramatic, with the combined risk for death increasing by up to four times as much as in those who were sedentary and slept too much, but at least got some exercise, Ding explained. The researchers noted they did not incorporate other long-term lifestyle practices or conditions that might have played a part in increasing some participants' mortality risks. And the participants' interpretations of their own behaviors and its health impacts could have been faulty, skewing the study's results. While the study's conclusion that healthier behaviors could reduce mortality risk seems like an obvious one, linking risky behaviors together could present new strategies for prolonging life. "Physical activity is the one factor to address first," Ding said. If certain combinations of risk behaviors pose more of a threat than risk behaviors on their own, eliminating even one of them is a good choice for overall health. The findings were published online Tuesday (Dec. 8) in the journal PLOS Medicine. Follow Mindy Weisberger on Twitter and Google+. Follow us @livescience, Facebook & Google+. Original article on Live Science.
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Treba li previše spavati? Vjerojatnost od preuranjene smrti kod osoba koje se nisu bavile tjelesnom aktivnošću 1,6 puta je veća nego kod fizički aktivnih Predugo spavanje i sjedenje jednako su nezdravi poput pušenja i konzumiranja prevelike količine alkohola. Znanstvenici s australskog Instituta Sax proveli su istraživanje u koje su uključili više od 230.000 osoba starijih od 45 godina, a koji su ispunili anketu o svojim nezdravim navikama. Postavljena su im pitanja o tomu jesu li pušači, koliko alkohola konzumiraju, vode li računa o zdravoj prehrani, jesu li fizički neaktivni, sjede li predugo na poslu, pred televizorom ili kompjutorom (više od sedam sati) i spavaju li previše (dulje od devet sati). Trideset posto odgovorilo ih je pozitivno na dva do tri postavljena pitanja. Nakon šest godina objavljen je podatak da je 16.000 ispitanika umrlo. Ustanovljeno je da je vjerojatnost od preuranjene smrti kod osoba koje se nisu bavile tjelesnom aktivnošću 1,6 puta veća nego kod fizički aktivnih. Fizička aktivnost definirana je kao "150 minuta umjerene ili veće tjelesne aktivnosti tjedno". Studija je pokazala da je kombinacija tjelesne neaktivnosti, 'sjedilačkog' načina života i spavanja duljeg od devet sati bila povezana sa smrtnošću većine sudionika istraživanja u jednakom omjeru kao kombinacija pušenja i konzumiranja velike količine alkohola. "Fizička neaktivnost bila je usko povezana sa smrtnošću sudionika istraživanja", rekla je glavna autorica studije Melody Ding, profesorica na sydneyskom Odjelu za javno zdravlje Sveučilišta u Sydneyu. "Posljedice tjelesne neaktivnosti u kombinaciji s dugim spavanjem i razdobljima duljeg sjedenja bile su još gore... Naime, kombinacija rizika od preuranjene smrti povećala se za četiri puta u odnosu na osobe koje su u upitniku odgovorile da dugo spavaju i često prakticiraju sjedilački način života", objasnila je Ding. Istaknula je da je pušenje naopasniji od svih rizika navedenih na popisu te kazala da konzumiranje više od 14 alkoholnih pića tjedno ne vodi u rizik od preuranjene smrti, ali da se u kombinaciji izgledi za to utrostručuju, a ako osoba usto previše (ili premalo) spava, rizik od prijevremene smrti povećava se za pet puta. "Kombinacija više negativnih navika bez sumnje je opasnija od samo jedne, no eliminiranjem jedne od njih na dobrom ste putu da poboljšate svoje zdravstveno stanje", poručuje Ding.