http___mapnall.com_hr_Zemljovid-Hong-Kong_1072674.html_1.xml
1.1 1.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 6.1 6.2 6.3
Hong Kong (, Hong Kong Cantonese: ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China and commonly abbreviated as HK, is a special administrative region on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in southern China. With over 7.4 million people of various nationalities in a 1104 km2 territory, Hong Kong is the world's fourth most densely populated region. Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after Qing Empire ceded Hong Kong Island at the end of the First Opium War in 1842. The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War, and was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898. The entire territory was transferred to China in 1997. As a special administrative region, Hong Kong's system of government is separate from that of mainland China and its people overwhelmingly identify as Hongkongers rather than Chinese. Originally a sparsely populated area of farming and fishing villages, the territory has become one of the world's most significant financial centres and commercial ports. It is the world's seventh-largest trading entity, and its legal tender (the Hong Kong dollar) is the world's 13th-most traded currency. Although the city has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, it has severe income inequality. The territory has the largest number of skyscrapers in the world, most surrounding Victoria Harbour. Hong Kong ranks seventh on the UN Human Development Index, and has the sixth-longest life expectancy in the world. Although over 90 per cent of its population uses public transportation, air pollution from neighbouring industrial areas of mainland China has resulted in a high level of atmospheric particulates. The name of the territory, first spelled "He-Ong-Kong" in 1780, originally referred to a small inlet between Aberdeen Island and the southern coast of Hong Kong Island. Aberdeen was an initial point of contact between British sailors and local fishermen. Although the source of the romanised name is unknown, it is generally believed to be an early phonetic rendering of the Cantonese pronunciation hēung góng. The name translates as "fragrant harbour" or "incense harbour". "Fragrant" may refer to the sweet taste of the harbour's freshwater influx from the Pearl River or to the odor from incense factories lining the coast of northern Kowloon. The incense was stored near Aberdeen Harbour for export before Victoria Harbour developed. Sir John Davis (the second colonial governor) offered an alternative origin; Davis said that the name derived from "Hoong-keang" ("red torrent"), reflecting the colour of soil over which a waterfall on the island flowed. The simplified name Hong Kong was frequently used by 1810, also written as a single word. Hongkong was common until 1926, when the government officially adopted the two-word name. Some corporations founded during the early colonial era still keep this name, including Hongkong Land, Hongkong Electric, Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels and the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation.
1.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.3
Hong Kong, Hongkong (kineski: 香港) je grad, i zajedno s Makaom, jedna od dvije posebne upravne regije (''PUR'') Narodne Republike Kine. Smješten na južnoj obali Kine i okružen deltom Biserne rijeke i Južnim kineskim morem, poznat je po svojoj neboderskoj arhitekturi i velikoj prirodnoj luci. S površinom od 1104 km² i sedam milijuna stanovnika, jedno je od najgušće naseljenih područja na svijetu. Stanovništvo Hong Konga 95% je etnički kinesko dok se preostalih 5% odnosi na druge nacionalne grupe. Hongkonška Han kineska većina potječe uglavnom iz gradova Guangzhou i Taishan u susjednoj provinciji Guangdong. Hong Kong je postao kolonija Britanskog imperija nakon prvog opijumskog rata (1839.–42.). Izvorno ograničene otokom Hong Kong, do 1898. granice kolonije postepeno su širene na poluotok Kowloon i Nove teritorije. U doba drugog svjetskog rata, tijekom rata na Pacifiku bio je okupiran od strane Japana. 1945. Britanija je ponovo uspostavila svoju vlast do 1997., kada je Kina ponovo uspostavila suverenitet. Regija je tijekom kolonijalnog doba prihvatila politiku minimalne intervencije vlasti pod etikom pozitivnog neintervencionizma. To razdoblje snažno je utjecalo na aktualnu kulturu Hong Konga, koji se često opisuje kao mjesto gdje "Istok susreće zapad", slobodno temeljen na Engleskom sustavu. Hongkonško neovisno sudstvo djeluje pod sustavom običajnog prava. Temeljni zakon Hong Konga, ustavni dokument koji propisuje "visok stupanj autonomije" u svim pitanjima osim vanjskih odnosa i obrane, upravlja političkim sustavom teritorija. Premda raspolaže s rastućim višestranačkim sustavom, uski krug biračkog tijela kontrolira polovicu legislature. Izborni odbor s 800 članova bira šefa administracije Hong Konga, tj. šefa vlade. Kao jedno od vodećih svjetskih međunarodnih financijskih središta, Hong Kong raspolaže s značajnom kapitalističkom ekonomijom usluga, karakteriziranu niskim porezima, slobodnom trgovinom, dok je valuta, Honkonški dolar, prema prometu deveta na svijetu. Nedostatak prostora uvjetovao je gušću izgradnju, što je Hong Kong razvilo kao središte moderne arhitekture i grad s najvećim postotkom nebodera. Zbijen prostor također je doveo do visoko razvijene transportne mreže s stopom korištenja javnog prijevoza od iznad 90%, najvišom u svijetu.