http___livro-ensino-medio.f1cf.com.br_historia_hr_history-53.html_1.xml
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Independent artisans employed pieceworkers From the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, with the progress of cities in Europe and the use of money, the artisans had the option to abandon farming and live their craft. The shoemaker, baker, furniture maker, etc.. Were to European cities, devoting himself to business, no longer only to satisfy their needs as they did before, but to meet the demand and supply a small market and under construction. At this time, the production was familiar character. Here the craftsman possessed the means of production (he was the owner of the workshop and tools) and worked with the family in their own home, performing all stages of production, from the preparation of raw material to the final finishing, ie, there was division of labor or specialization. In some situations, the craftsman had with him a helper but not salaried, which developed the same job paying a "fee" for the use of tools. With the expansion of cities and the change of much of the population to urban centers, increased the number of craftsmen. Those who once mastered every technique of manufacturing a product, now have more helpers, which became a craft apprentice, getting paid for it (food or money) until you can get your own workshop. Completed the learning period, had they not able to open his own workshop, the learner could become a journeyman and continue working for the same master, receiving a salary, or try to get a job in another workshop. In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, craft production was under the control of the craft guilds, which were economic associations seeking to promote and protect the interests of a particular profession. The workers began to add up specialties in guilds, which had regulations regarding the hierarchy, to the education and training of professionals, working hours, wages, prices to be charged by the product, in addition to protecting against craftsmen competition from other cities or countries. ACTIVITY There was room for argument on Corporations Craft? Justify your answer.
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Nezavisni obrtnici zaposleni pieceworkers Od dvanaestog i trinaestog stoljeća, s napretkom gradova u Europi i korištenja novca, obrtnici imali mogućnost da napuste uzgoj i živjeti svoj zanat. Postolar, pekar, garnitura za kavu, itd.. Jesu li se europskim gradovima, posvećuje se poslu, ne samo da bi zadovoljili svoje potrebe kao i prije, ali da zadovolji potražnju i opskrbu malo tržište i u izgradnji. U ovom trenutku, proizvodnja bio upoznat karakter. Ovdje obrtnik posjeduje sredstva za proizvodnju (on je bio vlasnik radionice i alate) i radio je s obitelji u vlastitom domu, obavlja sve faze proizvodnje, od pripreme sirovine za završnu obradu, odnosno, nije bilo podjela rada i specijalizacija. U nekim situacijama, obrtnik je sa sobom imao pomoćnika, ali ne i plaću, koji se razvio isti posao plaćati "naknadu" za korištenje alata. Uz širenje gradova i promjene većina stanovništva u urbanim središtima, povećao broj obrtnika. Oni koji su jednom savladali svaku tehniku proizvodnju proizvoda, sada imaju više pomagače, koji je postao šegrt obrtu, uzimajući plaćeni za to (hranu ili novac) dok ne mogu dobiti svoju vlastitu radionicu. Završeno je razdoblje učenja, imali oni ne mogu otvoriti svoju vlastitu radionicu, Učenik bi mogao postati kalfa i nastaviti raditi za isti majstor, prima plaću, ili pokušati dobiti posao u nekoj drugoj radionici. U dvanaestom i trinaestom stoljeću, obrt Proizvodnja je pod kontrolom zanatskih cehova, koji su ekonomski udruga koja radi na promicanju i zaštiti interese određene struke. Radnici su počeli dodavati do specijalitete saveza, koja je imala propise o hijerarhiju, u obrazovanju i osposobljavanju stručnjaka, radno vrijeme, plaće, cijene koje se naplaćuju po proizvodu, osim zaštite od obrtnika Natjecanje iz drugih gradova ili zemalja. AKTIVNOST Nije bilo mjesta za argument o korporacijama obrt? Opravdati svoj odgovor.