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What is Glaucoma? Glaucoma is a disease that occurs when there is an increase in pressure within the eye. If left untreated, this pressure can cause damage to the optic nerve resulting in permanent vision loss. In fact, glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness in the United States. In people with glaucoma, the fluid within the eye does not drain properly. This causes pressure inside the eye to rise and damages the optic nerve, which is responsible for sending information to your brain that allows you to see. This pressure on the optic nerve damages critical nerve tissue. There are two basic types of glaucoma, open-angle and closed-angle: Open-angle glaucoma is the most common type that occurs in approximately 90 percent of those who suffer from the disease. This condition can develop gradually and be undetected for years, slowly damaging vision. Open-angle glaucoma signs and symptoms include: - Gradual loss of peripheral vision, usually in both eyes - tunnel vision in the advanced stages Closed-angle glaucoma (also called angle-closure glaucoma), which is much more rapid in the onset, affects less than ten percent of glaucoma patients. Symptoms occur suddenly and are much more severe, but vision can be preserved with prompt, effective treatment. Closed-angle glaucoma signs and symptoms include: - Severe eye pain - Nausea and vomiting (accompanying the severe eye pain) - Sudden onset of visual disturbance, often in low light - Blurred vision - Halos around lights - Reddening of the eye Are You At Risk? Glaucoma affects as many as 4 million Americans, or 2% of all adults over the age of 40. While anyone can get glaucoma, some people are at an increased risk. These risk factors include: - Age, the older you get the greater the risk - People with high blood pressure - Diabetics - People with a family history of glaucoma - Those who have suffered an eye injury - African Americans, who are five times more likely to develop glaucoma Treating Glaucoma Fortunately, glaucoma is highly treatable. The key to preventing serious vision loss or blindness from glaucoma is early detection. An annual, fully dilated eye examination is recommended. Treatment involves medications, laser procedures and/or surgery to lower internal eye pressure by opening drainage passageways for the trapped fluid. A complete annual eye exam is the best and earliest means to detect glaucoma. In early stages of open-angle glaucoma, medicated eye drops are usually prescribed to lower the eye’s pressure. If the condition worsens, a laser procedure called Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) is performed to lower pressure further. SLT uses short pulses of energy to target the trabecular meshwork and reduce intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve. The laser treatment does not cause any scarring of the trabecular network and therefore, is a repeatable procedure. Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty usually takes approximately 10 minutes and has achieved excellent success rates in select patients. The treatment for closed-angle glaucoma, or narrow-angle glaucoma, is generally initiated with laser iridotomy to open the drainage channels of the eye.
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Novak-Lauš, Katia (2004) Analiza kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih svojstava dermatoglifa digito-palmarnog kompleksa u bolesnika s primarnim glaukomom otvorenog kuta. PhD thesis, Sveučilište u Zagrebu. Abstract The primary open-angle glaucomas are a group of diseases, that have in common characteristic morphological changes at the optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer, progressive retinal ganglion cells death and characteristic visual field loss. The risk for primary open angle glaucoma increases continuously with the level of the intra-ocular pressure. The disease advances slowly and there are no symptoms. Primary open angle glaucoma is caused by abnormal aqueous humor outflow in the trabecular meshwork in the open angle. Etiopathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma is unclear. The increased risk of glaucoma in first degree relatives has long been recognized. Frequency of the manifestation of the disease is 10-30% in family members. The discovery of the specific genetic loci responsible for the manifestation of glaucoma has helped us to understand its mechanism of origin and definitely confirmed the hereditary nature of this disease. Digito-palmar dermatoglyphs were already used to determine hereditary base of many diseases and it was the reason for investigation of their qualitative and quantitive traits in patients with glaucoma (22 males and 23 females), their first degree relatives (19 males and 23 females) in comparison to a group of phenotypically healthy controls (52 males and 56 females). The results pointed the connection between dermatoglyphic traits of the digito-palmar complex in patients with glaucoma and the same traits of their first degree relatives. There is a possible discrimination of patients and their first degee relatives from phenotypically healthy controls, too. Therefore, it is necessary for all family members without manifestation of the disease to make a clinical examination that enables the prevention and early discovery of illness. Abstract in Croatian Primarni glaukom otvorenog kuta predstavlja grupu bolesti kojima su zajedničke karakteristične morfološke promjene na glavi vidnog živca i retinalnom sloju nervnih niti, progresivna smrt ganglijskih stanica i karakteristična oštećenja vidnog polja. Rizik pojave bolesti raste kontinuirano s visinom intraokularnog tlaka, a tijek je postepen i asimptomatski. Bolest je uzrokovana poremećajem odvoda sobne vodice u trabekularnom sustavu komoričnog kuta koji je otvoren. Etiopatogeneza primarnog glaukoma otvorenog kuta nije dovoljno jasna. Povećan rizik od pojave glaukoma kod bližih srodnika već dugo je poznat. Među srodnicima učestalost pojave glaukoma se kreće od 10-30%. Otkrića specifičnih genskih lokusa odgovornih za pojavu glaukoma doprinose razumijevanju mehanizma nastanka i svakako potvrđuje obiteljsko pojavljivanje ove bolesti. Digitopalmarni dermatoglifi su primjenjivani u procjeni nasljedne osnove mnogih bolesti, što je bio povod za ispitivanje kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih svojstava dermatoglifa digito-palmarnog kompleksa kod oboljelih od glaukoma (22 muškarca i 22 žene), bližih srodnika oboljelih (19 muškaraca i 23 žene) u odnosu na fenotipski zdravu populaciju (52 muškarca i 56 žena). Iz dobivenih rezultata utvrdila se povezanost svojstava dermatoglifa digito-palmarnog kompleksa kod glaukomskih bolesnika sa svojstvima dermatoglifa kod bližih neoboljelih srodnika. Također se utvrdila razlika po kojoj se oboljeli i njihovi bliži srodnici mogu diskriminirati od fenotipski zdrave populacije. Neophodno je da se svi članovi obitelji bez manifestne bolesti klinički ispitaju u svrhu prevencije i ranog otkrivanja bolesti. Actions (login required) Downloads Downloads per month over past year