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Physics Turning to the issue of thermal machines, Lord Kelvin tried irreversibility, noting that it is not possible for a cyclic heat engine, where all the heat is converted into work. He postulates what we call the second law of thermodynamics, Kelvin version: "There is a heat engine whose income is 100%." Remember what was said about the entropy in this case? We can see that without the conservation of energy and heat without being seen as a form of energy, the laws of thermodynamics do not have the shape it has today, getting perhaps restricted to qualitative statements. Besides the domestic refrigerators, engines of automobiles or aircraft are also thermal machines. These engines operate in four times. In vehicles are 4 to 8 cylinders on aircraft arriving up to 24 cylinders. See representation of the operation of such a motor: time-admission: The piston driven by the connecting rod and the crankshaftmoves away from the bottom of the cylinder and creates a pressure drop.opens the valve Y, andit produces a gaseous mixture (fuel vapor and air). -compression time: Reaching the end of the cylinder, the piston returns to the bottom of the valve is now closed. The aspirated gasreduces the volume of the combustion chamber. The compression promotes inflammation of the detonating mixture. time-explosion: A spark produced by the candle causes the explosion of the gas mixture. The high pressure and temperature of the gases which expand provide the supply of external work. time-escape: The X valve is open,cooling up and voiding pressure. The piston returns to the bottom of the cylinder expelling the exhaust.is restarted cycle. Note that the process is nothing more than compression and expansion of gases. Pistonrod crankshaft (Adapted from GREF, 2005) In these engines, the cylinder should cool the high temperature gas to carbonize not used in lubricating oil, which would cause adherence of the piston to the cylinder.makes up the cooling by the circulation of water and radiator. Steam and Motion
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Fizika Vraćajući se na pitanje toplinskih strojeva, Lord Kelvin pokušao neopozivosti, uz napomenu da to nije moguće za cikličkog toplinskog motora, gdje je sve topline pretvara u rad. On postulira ono što zovemo drugi zakon termodinamike, Kelvin verzija: "Tu je toplinski stroj čiji prihod je 100%." Sjeti se što je rekao o entropiji u ovom slučaju? Možemo vidjeti da bez očuvanja energije i topline bez vidio kao oblik energije, zakoni termodinamike nemaju oblik je ona danas, uzimajući možda ograničiti na kvalitativan izjave. Osim domaćih hladnjaci, motori automobila ili zrakoplova također su toplinski strojevi. Ti motori rade u četiri puta. U vozilima su 4 do 8 cilindara na zrakoplovima koji stižu do 24 cilindara. Vidi zastupljenost u radu takvog motora: put-ulaz:. Klip potaknut klipnjača i radiliceudaljava od dna cilindra i stvara pad tlakaotvara ventil Y iproizvodi smjese plinova (para goriva i zraka). 2-kompresije time: Dobivanje cilindra, klip se vraća na dnu ventila je završila. Prehranjivanjem plinasmanjuje obujam komore za sagorijevanje. Kompresije potiče upalu detonirajućega smjesu. vrijeme eksplozije: iskra proizvodi svijeća uzrokuje eksploziju plinske smjese. Visok tlak i temperatura od plinova koji proširuje osigurati dotok vanjskog rada. vremenski bijeg: X ventil seotvara ihlađenje mokrenja pritisak. Klip se vraća na dnu cilindra potisni ispuh.Ciklus recommences. Imajte na umu da taj proces nije ništa više od kompresije i ekspanzije plinova. Klip šipka radilica (Preuzeto iz Gref, 2005) U tih motora, cilindra treba ohladiti visoke temperature plina karbonizirati ne koristi u ulju, koji bi uzrokovao prianjanje klipa na cilindar.To se hladi cirkulacije vode i radijatora. Para i Motion103