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School ACTIVITY Read the following texts. After, reflect on the texts read and seeks to address the questions: Text 1 : "The dynamic of the market economy by capitalism gains momentum with the Industrial Revolution, which began inBritain in the last quarter of the eighteenth century. It essentially consists in the invention of machines that can perform tasks that previously required the hand of man. In manufacturing, the operation is performed by the worker with the aid of the tool. In maquinofatura, the tool is clamped in a machine that replaces the worker in performing a task. The machine is more "productive" than man because far exceeds the physical limits of the human body. Driven by hydraulic force and shortly after by steam power, the machine can handle the work for which the man is too weak. Text 2 : In the nineteenth century, the thermal machineshave become of great importance to the development of the mining industries of England, the coal mines were at their limit of exploitation, water drainage and elevation of underground coal were very difficult, which the machinehas become a task easier to perform. But it was not only in mining that steam engines had a great contribution. Other industrieshave benefited from the mobility of the steam engine, because they could now install anywhere no longer depends on the presence of waterfalls or winds to move his machinery. The importance of the steam engine was such that Carnot said England could do without until its naval fleet, but not their steam engines. Carnot stressed that despite its great social, economic and political very little was known about the operation of these machines. (Adapted from: AURANI, 1985) Carnot leaves the English navy in the background, when compared with the thermal machines. However, the British navy had a protective function to the kingdom which is surrounded by water. Why then the English navy stood in the background? Besides the scientific developments, the steam engine, as cited in the preceding text, also had a big role social, political and economic. What advantage is represented using the machine for capital? And for the worker? The British Industrial Revolution contributed to the world economy in the nineteenth century, with the development of machinery and railroads. TheBritish had already taken private profit and economic development and government policy objectives of the utmost importance. But you needed a new politics and ideology to consolidate capitalism on a world scale. In this sense, the contribution coming from the French, by the French Revolution. Thermodynamics
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Škola AKTIVNOST Pročitajte sljedeće tekstove. Nakon, odražavaju na tekstove čitaju i traži za rješavanje pitanja: Tekst 1: "Dinamika tržišne ekonomije kapitalizma uzima maha s početka industrijske revolucije, koja je počela uBritaniji u posljednjoj četvrtini osamnaestog stoljeća. To u osnovi sastoji u izumu strojeva koji mogu obavljati poslove koje su prethodno potrebne ruku čovjeka. U proizvodnji, operacija se izvodi od strane radnika uz pomoć alata. U maquinofatura, alat je stegnuta u stroj koji zamjenjuje radnika u obavljanju zadatka. Stroj je više "produktivniji" od čovjeka, jer daleko premašuje fizičke granice ljudskog tijela. Potaknut hidrauličkog snagu, a nedugo nakon parnom snagom, stroj može napraviti posao za koji je čovjek preslab."(Singer, 1987, str. 16-17) Tekst 2: U devetnaestom stoljeću, toplinska strojevipostali su od velikog značaja za razvoj rudarstva industrije u Engleskoj, su rudnici bili na granici eksploatacije, odvodnju i visina podzemne ugljena su vrlo teško, što je strojpostao lak zadatak izvršenja. No, to nije bilo samo u rudarstvu koji parne strojeve i imao veliki doprinos. Ostale industrijekoristi od mobilnosti parnog stroja, jer oni sada mogu instalirati bilo gdje više ne ovisi o prisutnosti vodopada ili vjetrovima da se presele svoje strojeve. Važnost parnog stroja bio je takav da Carnot je Engleska mogla učiniti bez sve svoje pomorske flote, ali ne i svoje parne strojeve. Carnot je naglasio da, unatoč njegova velika društveni, gospodarski i politički vrlo malo znalo o radu tih strojeva(preuzeto iz: AURANI, 1985). Carnot ostavlja englesku mornaricu u pozadini, u usporedbi s toplinskim strojevima. Međutim, britanska mornarica imao zaštitnu funkciju u kraljevstvu koji je okružen vodom. Zašto onda Engleski mornarice stajao u pozadini? Osim znanstvenog razvoja, parni stroj, kao što je navedeno u prethodnom tekstu, također je imao veliku ulogu društveni, politički i ekonomski. Što Prednost je zastupljena pomoću stroja za kapital? I za radnika? Britanska industrijska revolucija pridonijeli svjetskoj ekonomiji u devetnaestom stoljeću, s razvojem strojeva i željezničke pruge. Velika Britanija već je uzeo privatni profit i ekonomski razvoj i vladine ciljeve od najvećeg značaja. Ali što je potreban novi politika i ideologija konsolidirati kapitalizam na svjetskoj razini. U tom smislu, doprinos dolazi od Francuza, od Francuske revolucije. Termodinamika