http___metro-portal.hr_zasto-zene-cekaju-8-godina-za-dijagnozu_136801_1.xml
1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 6.1 7.1 7.2 8.1 9.1 9.2 10.1 11.1 11.2 12.1 12.2 13.1 14.1 15.1 15.2 16.1 16.2 16.3 17.1 18.1 19.1 19.2 20.1 21.1 21.2 21.3 22.1 23.1 24.1 24.2 25.1 26.1 26.2 27.1 27.2 27.3 28.1 28.2 29.1 29.2 30.1 31.1 32.1
Endometriosis is a medical condition that occurs when the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium, grows in other places, such as the fallopian tubes, ovaries or along the pelvis. When that lining breaks down, like the regular lining in the uterus that produces the menstruation, it has nowhere to go. This causes cysts, heavy periods, severe cramps and even infertility. About 5 million women in the United States have endometriosis, but the true number of cases may be much higher, because not all women with the condition have symptoms, according to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). The endometrial tissue may also grow in the vagina, cervix, bowel or bladder, and in rare cases it may spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs. Causes The cause of endometriosis is unknown, but researchers have several theories. One theory is that during menstruation, blood with endometrial cells flows back into the fallopian tubes, according to the Mayo Clinic. The cells are rooted there and grow a new lining. Another theory is that the bloodstream carries endometrial cells throughout the body. It's also possible that problems with the immune system contribute to the development of endometriosis, when the immune system does not properly detect and destroy endometrial tissue outside of the uterus, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Office on Women's Health. Yet another theory, according to the Mayo Clinic, is that abdominal cells that were present since a woman's embryonic state retain their ability to become endometrial cells. Because endometriosis sometimes run in families, it's theorized that a person's genetics can contribute to the development of the condition. Symptoms The most common symptom of endometriosis is cramping during menstruation, which can get worse over time, and can be debilitating. The pain is due to internal bleeding from the lining being shed inside the body — in a place where it doesn’t belong — and can also lead to scar tissue formation, blocked fallopian tubes, and bowel problems, according to the Office on Women's Health. Although many women experience some pain during their periods, women with endometriosis often say their menstrual pain is much worse than usual, and increases over time, according to the Mayo Clinic. Dr. Jill Rabin, co-chief of the Division of Ambulatory Care, Women's Health Programs at the North Shore-LIJ Health System in New York, said women should see their doctor if they experience pelvic pain that persists. At first, some women with endometriosis experience pain just before the start of their period, but as the condition progresses, the pain may start in mid-cycle (during ovulation), and continue until after the woman's period ends, Rabin said. Women with the condition may also experience pain while having sex, fatigue, painful urination or bowel movements during menstruation and gastrointestinal upset according to the Endometriosis Association. Infertility and bleeding between periods are also symptoms of endometriosis. Some women don't experience any symptoms at all, but realize they have the condition when they are unable to get pregnant, according to the National Institutes of Health. Diagnosis The only way for endometriosis to be diagnosed for certain is through laparoscopy, which is a minor surgical procedure that involves your doctor putting a thin scope into your abdomen to view your pelvic organs, according to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologist (ACOG). If the doctor sees the extra endometrial tissue during the laparoscopy, he or she can also remove it right there to treat the condition. However, other basic medical tests are typically performed first, before a laparoscopy. These include a pelvic exam, where the doctor manually feels for abnormalities such as cysts, or an abdominal or vaginal ultrasound, which uses sound waves to create an image of the uterus and reproductive organs. Vaginal and abdominal ultrasounds can't definitively diagnosis endometriosis, but they can test for cysts that may be caused by the condition, according to the Mayo Clinic. If all other causes of pelvic pain can be ruled out, the doctor can choose to treat the condition surgically or with medicine, according to ACOG. Risk factors There are several risk factors for endometriosis, according to the Mayo Clinic, none of which can really be helped. They include: never having given birth, having a mother with endometriosis, having menstrual cycles that are shorter than 27 days and bleeding that lasts longer than eight days, being white or Asian, having a medical condition that makes the passage of menstrual flow irregular, and having previous damage to cells that line the pelvis. Complications The biggest complication with endometriosis, the Mayo Clinic says, is fertility problems. About a third to a half of women with endometriosis have difficulties getting pregnant. Infertility can occur because the condition can create adhesions that trap the egg near the ovary, making it difficult for it to travel down the fallopian tube to be fertilized by sperm. However, that doesn't mean all women with endometriosis can't get pregnant – it just might take them a little longer, the Mayo Clinic says. Treatment Treatment for endometriosis can involve pain medication (for the severe cramping), hormone therapy to slow growth of the endometrial tissue and surgery to remove the tissue, according to the NICHD. A number of factors go into determining a woman's treatment, including her age, the severity of her symptoms, and whether the patient wants to become pregnant. For women who are not trying to become pregnant, hormonal birth control pills are usually the first step in treatment. For women who are trying to become pregnant, treatment may involve gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, which stops ovulation, according to the Office on Women's Health. This treatment is usually recommended for only six months at a time, and pregnancy is possible once treatment is stopped, according to the NICHD. For women whose symptoms are not relieved by medication, surgery is another treatment option. Laparoscopy and laparotomy are common forms of surgery used to treat endometriosis. They require going in through the abdominal region to remove the endometrial tissue. Most women experience relief from pain after surgery, but the pain may come back within two years, according to ACOG. Birth-control pills and other medications may be used along with surgery to help extend the pain-free period, ACOG says. However, if symptoms keep coming back after these surgical procedures, a hysterectomy, or total removal of the uterus, may be a "last resort" option, ACOG says. The condition is less likely to come back after this procedure. Rachael Rettner contributed reporting to this article. Follow Live Science @livescience, Facebook & Google+. Additional resources
1.1 2.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 4.1 4.2 5.1 5.2 6.1 7.1 7.2 7.3 8.1 8.2 9.1 10.1 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 13.1 13.2 13.3 14.1 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5
Zašto žene čekaju 8 godina za dijagnozu Endometrioza je bolest kod koje se tkivo endometrija tj. sluznice maternice, nalazi izvan maternice, najčešće u organima zdjelice i potrbušnice Još jedan Mjesec osviještenosti o endometriozi je ispred nas, posvećen poremećaju od kojeg boluje jedna od deset žena. Mnoge pate u tišini, ne znajući što im se događa i bez dijagnoze. Kako bismo dali glas tim ženama i kako bismo pomogli podići osviještenost o činjenici da je u prosjeku potrebno 8 godina kako bi se endometrioza dijagnosticirala, INTIMINA je nedavno objavila upečatljiv video zvan ''Čekanje''. Video predstavlja osmogodišnju djecu koja koriste svoju dob kako bi simbolizirali osmogodišnje čekanje na dijagnozu. Svaka od tih djevojčica je živa onoliko dugo koliko je potrebno da se postavi dijagnoza endometrioze. S obzirom na to da milijuni žena širom svijeta potencijalno imaju ovu bolest, kampanja želi educirati i potaknuti akciju koja je potrebna kako bi se skratilo čekanje na dijagnozu. Endometrioza je bolest kod koje se tkivo endometrija tj. sluznice maternice, nalazi izvan maternice, najčešće u organima zdjelice i potrbušnice. Uzrok endometrioze još uvijek nije poznat, a dijagnosticiranje može biti izazovno jer ovo stanje ima slične simptome kao brojni drugi poremećaji. Kako bismo educirali žene i motivirali ih da potraže pomoć na vrijeme, ginekologinja brenda INTIMINA, Dr. Shree Datta donosi vodič kroz simptome endometrioze i moguće načine liječenja: Kako prepoznati simptome? Endometrioza se manifestira različito od osobe do osobe pa liječnicima može biti vrlo izazovno doći do dijagnoze. Učestali simptomi koji upućuju na endometriozu uključuju cikličku bol u zdjelici, bol tijekom spolnog odnosa ili bol prije i tijekom menstruacije. Promjene u radu crijeva, umor i poteškoće sa začećem također su česti simptomi tako da je ključno što prije tražiti medicinski savjet. Vođenje dnevnika boli i simptoma je najbolji način da objasnite svoje stanje liječniku. Odnosno, zabilježite simptome vezane uz menstruaciju, informacije o tome je li se pogoršavaju te o tome kako utječu na vaše svakodnevne aktivnosti. Ginekolog može predložiti ultrazvuk, odrediti mogu li vam pomoći lijekovi, te je li potrebna laparoskopija kako se obavile detaljnije pretrage ili kako bi se liječila endometrioza. Mogući načini liječenja Iako neke žene neće imati mogućnost izliječiti endometriozu, liječenje ovisi o vrsti, lokaciji i stupnju endometrioze. Liječenje može uključivati lijekove poput kontracepcijskih pilula, Mirena spirale i/ili operaciju. Nekim ženama mogu pomoći jednostavne tablete protiv bolova poput Ibuprofena. U nekim slučajevima potrebna je mješavina različitih tretmana. Endometrioza je potaknuta estrogenom, tako da je ključna pažljiva briga o jetri i probavi kroz prehranu. Konzumiranje puno zelenog povrća i protuupalne hrane te smanjenje unosa kofeina i alkohola može utjecati na simptome endometrioze. Dodaci ribljeg ulja i vitamin B12 mogu pomoći kod bolova povezanih s endometriozom. Također, pomaže i redovito vježbanje. Ženama koje pokušavaju zatrudnjeti i koje pate od endometrioze savjetuje se da se na vrijeme konzultiraju sa svojim ginekologom. Počnite uzimati suplemente za trudnoću tri mjeseca prije nego što pokušate zatrudnjeti i često imajte nezaštićeni seks tijekom ciklusa u kojem pokušavate zatrudnjeti. Mnoge žene nemaju poteškoće sa začećem, ali isplati se na vrijeme potražiti stručnu pomoć. Progovorite o boli Simptomi endometrioze razlikuju se od osobe do osobe. Ponekad je potrebno dosta vremena da si žene priznaju da imaju zdravstvenu poteškoću i potraže profesionalnu pomoć. Mnogima može biti neugodno razgovarati s liječnikom o intimnim problemima, no otvoren i iskren odnos je ključan kako bi dobili ispravnu dijagnozu. Milijuni žena imaju endometriozu pa je educiranje javnosti i borba protiv tabua pravi način da im se pomogne progovoriti o boli kao i tražiti ranu dijagnozu. "Endometrioza je dugotrajno stanje koje može uzrokovati iscrpljujuće simptome tijekom menstruacije. Može se manifestirati na mnogo različitih načina zbog čega ju se može teško dijagnosticirati. Nekada je potrebno do osam godina za dijagnosticiranje endometrioze, stoga je ključno na vrijeme konzultirati liječnika uz dnevnik simptoma. Bolno je znati da toliko žena pati u tišini kada im mi liječnici možemo pružiti liječenje i podršku - stoga vas molimo da nas posjetite ako imate problema", dr. Datta zaključuje.