http___lovret-split.com_bolji-energetski__1.xml
1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 5.1 6.1 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 8.1 9.1 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 11.1 11.2 12.1 13.1 13.2 14.1 14.2 15.1 15.2 16.1 16.2 17.1 17.2 17.3 18.1 19.1 19.2 20.1 21.1 21.2 22.1 23.1 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 25.1 26.1 26.2 26.3 27.1 28.1 29.1 29.2 30.1 31.1 32.1 32.2 33.1 33.2 34.1 35.1 36.1
What are the types of light bulbs that will allow me to save the most? Incandescent, halogen, energy-saving or LED bulbs. Discover their differences! Although in recent years the price of light has followed a clear upward trend, there are still some things we can do to save the light. And one of them is the choice of light bulbs. What are the types of light bulbs on the market and which of them will allow you to save more on the light? Until recently, light bulbs were very inefficient, consumed a lot of electricity and had a very short service life. Luckily, we now use bulbs that give us lighter with a lower energy cost, something that also helps reduce pollution resulting from the production of electricity. But there are still people who are not very clear. “Low consumption?” “LED?” “Halogens …?” “Which are better?” “What kind of bulb can I save more light with?” Today we will talk about the different types of light bulbs that exist, their consumption, their efficiency, their duration and their potential for saving consumers like you. The different types of light bulbs You might think that light is not one of the biggest energy expenses in your home. That compared to the heating, the refrigerator or the vitro, it is insignificant. Error! Light accounts for an average of 20% of energy consumption in homes. A percentage that can be reduced by 15% according to the OCU, if we change our consumption habits. For that reason, to save light it is very useful to know the different types of light bulbs and the consumption that each of them generates. Incandescent bulbs The ones of a lifetime. Although stocks continue to be sold in some establishments, incandescent light bulbs were banned in 2012 throughout the European Union. The reason? Their high energy consumption, which made them a harmful product for the environment. Some people still prefer them, for the warm light they offer, and they are much cheaper than the other alternatives on the market. But they also had a very short duration, around 1,000 hours. Energy-saving lightbulbs Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) burst onto the market with a more commercial name, such as “energy-efficient light bulbs. ” And its success was such that it came to be present in 86% of Spanish homes before being overtaken by LED bulbs. Its operation is similar to that of fluorescent tubes. In fact, although some imitate the aesthetics of old incandescent bulbs, most incorporate a small tube with different shapes, which constitutes the surface of the lamp. They are much more efficient than incandescent bulbs and produce the same light with 80% less consumption. Induration they also outperform classic bulbs, their useful life is up to 15 times longer (15,000 hours). But if so many advantages offer energy-saving light bulbs, why are they losing ground in front of LEDs? Due to its inconveniences. The low consumption ones are bulbs with a Color Improvement Index (CRI) that can be improved. This means that light does not accurately reflect colors, or alter color perception. In addition, they take time to reach their maximum luminosity point. Halogen bulbs Incandescent bulbs already had a cheaper alternative before the arrival of low-energy bulbs: halogen bulbs. Their energy consumption is around 40% less than that of incandescent. In addition, halogens have an advantage: their small size allows them to be aesthetically integrated into home decoration with a very discreet result. However, its duration, although longer than incandescent, is not its main advantage (they last around 2,000 hours). Furthermore, they generate a considerable amount of heat. Currently, there are also LED halogens, with which they can be replaced little by little. LED bulbs The big energy savers. The LED bulbs. Its name stands for Light Emitting Diode (LED). These bulbs generate light from diodes that release photons upon receiving the electric current. There are them in cold and warm tones. In the case of LEDs, you can save 80% of electricity compared to incandescent bulbs, and the duration is, attention, 50,000 hours! But not everything is “lights” when we talk about LED bulbs, they also have their shadows. And its price in the market is higher compared to all previous bulbs. For that reason, not all consumers decide to change all their LED bulbs, although the cost is eventually amortized. What other things besides the type of bulbs should I consider to save on lighting? There are other important considerations when lighting a home, such as the square meters of each of the spaces, the opening angle (which can influence the number of bulbs you need), etc. One of the most important factors, and more directly related to saving is the power of the bulbs. The more watts the bulb has, the more energy it will consume. You must bear in mind that, with a 10W LED bulb, you will get the same brightness as with a 60W incandescent. Do I have to change all the LED bulbs to save electricity? Exchanging incandescent or halogen bulbs for LEDs is highly recommended. But it will not always be necessary. Energy-saving light bulbs can also be a good option in some cases. In the passage areas of the house, you can keep, for example, your halogen bulbs. The ideal bulb also depends on the space you want to light and the use to which you use it. But if you really want to save light, pay less when your electric bill arrives and help reduce CO2 emissions, choosing the right bulbs is just one of the possibilities at your fingertips. Another thing you can do to save on your electricity bill is to review the electrical power you have contracted or choose a cheaper rate by changing your electricity contract.
1.1 1.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 4.1 5.1 5.2 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 7.1 7.2 7.3 8.1 9.1 9.2 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 11.1 11.2 11.3 12.1 12.2 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9
Problem koji klasične žarulje sa žarnom predstavljaju je to što one zapravo nisu rasvjetna tijela već grijači. Skoro 95 posto električne energije koju žarulja uzima iz mreže pretvara u toplinu, a ostalih 5 posto u svjetlost. U rujnu 2009. godine Europska unija zabranila je prodaju žarulja sa žarnom niti. Između žarulja sa žarnom niti i korištenjaLED žarulja koristile su se fluorescentne lampe, no njihova cijena i korištenje otrovne žive rezultira sa kratkim periodom korištenja u kućanstvima. Naslijedile su ih LED žarulje koje su se pokazale iznimno učinkovitima i sigurnim po zdravlje i okoliš. Predviđa se da će do kraja ovog desetljeća LED-žarulje dominirati tržištem rasvjetnih tijela iz razloga rasta proizvodnje i smanjenja njihove cijene. Problem klasičnih žarulja je taj što toliko energije pretvaraju u toplinu. Europska unija tog je svjesna pa su neefikasne žarulje kod njih već zabranjene, a u Hrvatskoj ih je već teško naći u trgovinama. Jednostavne i jeftine Žarulje sa žarnom niti izrađivale su se u brojnim varijacijama s radnim naponima od 1.5 do 240 V, od svega nekoliko vati do tisuću i više vati nazivne snage. Jednostavne i jeftine, mogu koristiti i istosmjernu i izmjeničnu struju, te su kao takve niz godina bile prvi izbor kao izvor svjetla u domovima, radnim mjestima, automobilima i drugdje. Električna žarulja sa žarnom niti predstavlja za električni izvor čisto djelatno opterećenje koje ovisi o temperaturi žarne niti. Žarulja nazivne snage 100 vati ima otpor od oko 144 Ohma u radu, ali samo oko 9.5 Ohma na sobnoj temperaturi izvan pogona. Svako uključenje na izvor napajanja predstavlja za žarulju svojevrstan “energetski udar” jer u trenutku uključenja troši oko 15 puta više snage u odnosu na kontinuirani rad. Žarulje visokog radnog napona (npr. 230 V) imaju zato nešto kraći radni vijek u odnosu na one nižeg napona (12 V, primjerice) u istim radnim uvjetima. Niska efikasnost žarulje sa žarnom niti posljedica je specifične raspodjele energije zračenja unutar spektra. Naime, žarne niti, na primjer od volframa, zrače velikim dijelom u infracrvenom spektru kada su zagrijane na temperaturu gdje je nit još mehanički postojana, tj. na oko 34.000 stupnjeva Celzija, gdje oko 95 posto energije zračenja odlazi na toplinu, a svega pet posto je zračenje unutar vidljivog spektra svjetlost. Halogene žarulje sa žarnom niti, međutim, imaju veću efikasnost te halogena žarulja snage 60 W daje otprilike jednaku količinu svjetla kao obična žarulja sa žarnom niti snage 100 W. Različite vrste žarulja Mnoge su vrste žarulja danas u upotrebi, a u nekima od njih do velikog izražaja dolazi i korištenje elektroničkih komponenata. Ostale vrste žarulja su neonske, LED, visokotlačne na izboj (živine žarulje, natrijeve, metalhalogene…) Halogene žarulje, izumljene 70-ih godina prošlog stoljeća, također imaju žarnu nit i koriste termičko zračenje, međutim plinskom punjenju dodajemo halogenide (brom, klor, flor, jod). Kod ovih žarulja postižu se temperature više od 2.700 stupnjeva pa baloni moraju biti napravljeni od posebnog kvarcnog stakla. Imaju bolju iskoristivost i dulji vijek trajanja od običnih, a i manjih su dimenzija. Kao i obične, ove su žarulje iznimno osjetljive na promjene, te im povećanje napona drastično skraćuje životni vijek. Fluorescentne žarulje, izumljene 1980-ih, rade prema potpuno drugačijem načelu od običnih i halogenih. Svjetlost se ne generira termički, pomoću žarne niti, nego principom izboja. Izboj u živinim parama generira nevidljivo UV zračenje koje se pretvara u vidljivu svjetlost pomoću fosfora na unutrašnjosti žarulje. Fluorokompaktne žarulje nastaju savijanjem fluorescentnih cijevi, čime se smanjuju dimenzije same žarulje. Ova je vrsta poznatija pod imenom ‘štedna žarulja’ jer joj je vijek trajanja osam do dvadeset puta dulji od onoga obične žarulje. LED-žarulji osnova je svjetlosna dioda – poluvodič, što pretvara električnu struju u svjetlost. Boja te svjetlosti ovisi o tome koji materijal se koristi za poluvodič, a LED-svjetlost može biti crvena, zelena, plava i bijela. Isprva su LED-žarulje bile slabašne, ali ta tehnologija neprekidno napreduje, prema Haitzovom zakonu (sličnom Mooreovom zakonu, a nazvanom po inženjeru Rolandu Haitzu), količina svjetlosti koju proizvodi LED-žarulja poveća se 20 puta svakih 10 godina, a cijena joj pada 10 puta u tom istom razdoblju. Prema procjenama, taj bi zakon mogao funkcionirati još dva desetljeća, što bi značilo da će LED-rasvjetna tijela postati iznimno jeftina i učinkovita. LED žarulja dugoročno je najisplativnija, pogotovo ako se u obzir uzme i njezin dugi vijek trajanja koji u ovom primjeru iznosi 20 000 sati, no postoje i LED žarulje sa 50 000 i više radnih sati. Cijena LED žarulja i dalje je glavni nedostatak i demotivator njihove šire upotrebe, no s razvojem tehnologije i njihova cijena će pasti, što se i događa posljednjih nekoliko godina. Ako se pak u obzir uzme gore navedena tablica vidljivo je da ušteda na godišnjoj razini korištenja LED žarulje umjesto žarulje sa žarnom niti iznosi približno 150 kuna, uz investiciju od 50 kuna to predstavlja period povrata investicije od približno 8 mjeseci. Prilikom kupnje LED žarulje možete birati i boju svjetlosti koju daje. Žarulje sa žarnom niti daju toplu svjetlost temperature boje oko 2500 do 2700 Kelvina pa ako ih želite zamijeniti LED žaruljama birajte žarulje koje daju toplo bijelo svijetlo – warm white.