http___magazin.net.hr_roditeljstvo_skolarci_pretilost-je-krivac-za-sve-raniji-ulazak-u-pubertet_1.xml
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Obesity linked to early onset of puberty in girls Researchers have previously established that girls have been experiencing puberty earlier over the past few decades. And now, a new study, published in the journal Pediatrics, suggests that obesity is playing a role in this trend. Experts say that girls who begin puberty earlier are at risk for lower self-esteem, higher rates of depression and lower academic achievement. Additionally, early maturation increases risks for obesity, hypertension and several cancers, including breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer. The study, which was conducted through the Breast Cancer and Environmental Research Program, established by the National Institute of Environmental Health Science, followed 1,239 girls aged 6 to 8 from 2004 to 2011. Researchers at health centers in the San Francisco Bay Area, Cincinnati and New York City examined the ages at which breast development began and the impact of body mass index (BMI) and race/ethnicity. They used criteria of "pubertal maturation," including the Tanner Breast Stages, which outlines five stages of breast development. Lead investigator Dr. Frank Biro, a physician at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, says: "The impact of earlier maturation in girls has important clinical implications involving psychosocial and biologic outcomes." BMI and early maturation The longitudinal study shows that white girls are entering puberty at younger ages than previously reported. Researchers say BMI may be a factor. During the course of the study, the girls were followed longitudinally - meaning there were multiple regular visits - which the researchers say provides a good understanding of what happened to each girl at specific times. The researchers found that the ages of onset of breast development varied by race, BMI and geographic location. By race, breast development began: - In black girls at an average age of 8.8 years - In Hispanic girls at an average age of 9.3 years - In Asian girls at an average age of 9.7 years, and - In non-Hispanic white girls at an average age of 9.7 years. The researchers note that the age of 9.7 years for white girls is earlier than previously reported. They say that BMI served as a stronger link to early puberty than either race or ethnicity. Though the team is conducting further research to identify the specific environmental and physiological factors behind this trend, they suggest the earlier start of puberty in white girls is likely due to greater obesity. "The current study suggests clinicians may need to redefine the ages for both early and late maturation in girls," says Dr. Biro. In 2012, Medical News Today reported on a study suggesting that like girls, boys are reaching puberty 6 months to 2 years earlier than a few decades ago. Written by Marie Ellis Copyright: Medical News Today Not to be reproduced without the permission of Medical News Today.
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Čuvajte ih, pazite ih!Djevojčice sve ranije tjelesno sazrijevaju, a to nosi svoje rizike Djevojčice sve ranije ulaze u pubertet. Razlog je vjerojatno sve veća stopa pretilosti među djecom.Američko istraživanje pokazalo je da se kod bijelih djevojčica grudi u prosjeku počinju razvijati s devet i pol godina, što je nekoliko mjeseci ranije nego 1990-ih. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 1.200 američkih djevojčica koje su ušle u istraživanje kad su imale između šest i osam godina. Kod svakog pregleda mjeren im je i opseg grudi. Pokazalo se da djevojčice crne rase u prosjeku prve znakove razvoja grudi pokazuju s osam godina i 10 mjeseci, a bijele s devet godina i osam mjeseci, koje u odnosu na 1997. godinu ulaze četiri mjeseca ranije u pubertet. Djevojčice s više kilograma imaju tendenciju ranijeg razvoja grudi. Frank Biro i njegovi kolege s Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centrea napisali su u listu Paediatrics da je sve veća stopa pretilosti vjerojatno glavni uzročnik koji stoji iza sve ranijeg razvoja grudi. Postoje brojne teorije zašto je pretilost povezana s ranijom ulaskom u pubertet. Jedna govori da prehrana dovodi do kaosa s unutarnjim satom, što pak mijenja ravnotežu hormona u tijelu. Druga tvrdi da višak masnog tkiva potiče tijelo na proizvodnju hormona koji uzrokuju početak puberteta. Međutim, danski znanstvenik dr. Anders Juul smatra da pretilost ne uzrokuje raniji razvoj grudi. Vjeruje da veću ulogu u ranijem sazrijevanju igraju razina tjelovježbe i zagađenje okoliša. Mogući rizici ranijeg sazrijevanja Znanstvenici se slažu da sazrijevanje u mlađoj životnoj dobi za neke djevojke može imati dugoročne rizike. Primjerice, one koje ranije uđu u pubertet, imaju veći rizik od razvoja raka dojke i drugih vrsta raka, jer tijelo provede više godina proizvodeći estrogen, a ujedno je i duže pod njegovim utjecajem. Također, ranije ulaze u seksualne odnose te počnu koristiti droge i alkohol, a imaju i veću vjerojatnost postati depresivne ili razviti nisko samopoštovanje. 'Imate 10-godišnjakinju koja izgleda kao 14-godišnjakinja. S djecom komuniciramo na osnovi toga kako izgledaju. Djeca s drugima komuniciraju na isti način', kaže dr. Biro. Roditelji djece koja ranije uđu u pubertet trebali bi ih pobliže pratiti, a to znači i ranije pričati o seksu', savjetuje za Reuters Health. web preporuke cosmopolitan.hrOvo ne radite za vrijeme seksa ni u ludilu! Krenizdravo.comDeset prirodnih načina za opuštanje nakon stresnog dana oglasnik.hrPapiga izluđuje vlasnike oponašajući zvukove sensaklub.hrKoja je vaša životna tarot karta?