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First we need to clarify that there is an evolutionary scale of human societies who walked from polygamous to monogamous families. These two basic forms of marriage has always co-existed throughout the history of human society, which indicates that there is no relation of superiority or inferiority between them. Including in some social groups verified the presence of both at the same time history. It would be correct to say that the family is an institution that arises from the natural needs of human beings (procreation, for example), or is it also a cultural construction, based on rules and values? This is a question with many answers. What is known, from the many anthropological studies is that we can find, even in the most remote human groups, rules that authorize or prohibit certain types of union. For example, do not marry the brother or uncle. This practice is called incest Therefore, an incestuous relationship would be a forbidden relationship, or denied, in a given society. We conclude then, that when the human being establishes such rules, it is looking to expand his small group, leaving your biological family. Let a few examples of different family groupings of our acquaintances: the Iroquois (tribes U.S.), studied by L. Morgan, consider how your children not only their own but also those of his brothers, who also call him father. The sons of their sisters, in turn, are treated as nephews. The Iroquois, in turn, considers those his children from his sister, while the children of his brothers are called nephews. These designations imply a series of duties and obligations of each of the members, and that will set up the system of these social groupings. We are accustomed today to the fact that each child has only one father and one mother, however, in many societies it is common that each child has multiple parents and multiple mothers. Where is practiced polygamy (for men) and polyandry (women), the children of one and the other are considered common, and accountability of both. Malinowski, in his research with the natives of the Trobriand Islands, an archipelago of coral situated northeast of New Guinea, called papuamelanésia, found that they constitute a matrilineal society. This means that the mother is the reference for the establishment of relations of kinship and descent, as well as fit women the greatest responsibilities in economic activities, and ceremonial magic. The father, even with the growth of the children, is regarded simply as the husband of his mother, does not establish any link with these larger.
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Prvo moramo razjasniti da postoji evolucijski mjerilo ljudskih društava koji su hodali od poligamni se monogamnim obiteljima. Ta dva osnovna oblika braka uvijek co-postojao u cijeloj povijesti ljudskog društva, što ukazuje da ne postoji odnos nadmoćnosti ili podčinjenosti između njih. Uključujući se u nekim društvenim skupinama ovjereni prisutnost oba u isto vrijeme povijesti. To bi bilo točno reći da je obitelj institucija koja proizlazi iz prirodnih potreba ljudskog bića (rađanje, na primjer), ili je to i kulturna konstrukcija, na temelju pravila i vrijednosti? To je pitanje s mnogim odgovorima. Ono što je poznato, od mnogih antropološke studije je da se možemo naći, čak iu najzabačenijim ljudskih skupina, presudi da odobri ili zabrani određenih vrsta unije. Na primjer, ne uda za brata ili strica. Ova praksa se zove incest Stoga, incestuozni odnos će biti zabranjeno odnos, ili odbijen, u određenom društvu. Zaključujemo onda, kad čovjek uspostavlja takva pravila, ona je u potrazi proširiti svoju malu skupinu, ostavljajući svoju biološku obitelj. Neka nekoliko primjera različitih obiteljskih grupacija naših poznanika: Iroquois (plemena SAD), studirao je L. Morgan, razmislite o tome kako vaša djeca ne samo vlastitu, već i one od njegove braće, koji su također nazvati Ocem. Sinovi svojih sestara, pak, tretiraju se kao nećaka. Iroquois, pak, smatra da one svoju djecu od sestre, dok su sinovi njegove braće nazvao nećaci. Ove oznake podrazumijevaju niz dužnosti i obveze svake od članica, te da će se postaviti sustav od tih društvenih grupacija. Mi smo navikli danas na činjenicu da svako dijete ima samo jednog oca i jednu majku, međutim, u mnogim društvima uobičajeno je da svako dijete ima višestruke roditelje i više majki. Gdje se prakticira poligamiju (za muškarce) i poliandrija (žene), sinovi jedne i druge smatraju uobičajeno, i odgovornost obje. Malinowski, u svojim je istraživanjima s starosjediocima u Trobriand otoci, arhipelag od koralja nalazi sjeveroistočno od Nove Gvineje, pozvao papuamelanésia, otkrili da oni predstavljaju jedan matrilinealnih društvo. To znači da je majka referenca za uspostavu odnosa srodstva i porijekla, kao i fit žene su najveće odgovornosti u gospodarskim djelatnostima, i ceremonijalne magije. Otac, čak i uz rast od djece, smatra jednostavno kao muž njegove majke, ne stvara nikakvu vezu s tim veća.