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The Number System This page contains concise explanations of commonly used types of numbers. Natural Numbers Natural numbers are the numbers 1, 2, 3, ... . Integers All natural numbers are integers, but also 0, -1, -2, ... . Rational numbers Rational numbers are fractions p/q where q is non-zero and p and q are both integer. For example, all integers are rational (pick q =1). Other examples of rational numbers are Real numbers Without getting technical, real numbers are all numbers that can be written as a possibly never repeating decimal fraction. For example, all rational numbers are real. Their decimal representations do repeat. Decimal fractions whose representation do not repeat are irrational. Example of irrational real numbers include (the base of the natural logarithm), the ratio of a circle's perimeter to its diameter, and the square root of 2, which is Complex numbers Complex numbers are numbers of the form where a and b are real numbers and i is the square root of negative 1, i.e., The symbol i is called the imaginary unit. Algebraic numbers Algebraic numbers are complex numbers that can be obtained as the root of a polynomial with integer coefficients. For example, rational numbers are algebraic, and so are roots of integers. Transcendental numbers Transcendental numbers are real numbers that are not algebraic. For example and pi are transcendental (and real). Fine print, your comments, more links, Peter Alfeld, PA1UM
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Uspoređivanje racionalnih brojeva Zbrajanje i oduzimanje racionalnih brojeva Dijeljenje racionalnih brojeva Racionalni brojevi - uvod Racionalni brojevi su svi negativni razlomci, nula i pozitivni razlomci. Skup racionalnih brojeva označava se s Q. Svaki razlomak možemo zapisati u obliku , gdje je a cijeli broj, a b prirodni broj. Oblik razlomka je standardni oblik racionalnog broja. Za svaki racionalni broj r vrijedi: Racionalne brojeve možemo pridruživati točkama pravca. Racionalni brojevi su suprotni brojevi. Modul racionalnog broja (apsolutna vrijednost) je racionalni broj koji za brojnik ima modul brojnika, a za nazivnik modul nazivnika zadanog racionalnog broja. Primjer: Racionalni brojevi mogu se proširivati i skraćivat, a pri tom vrijedi: