http___www.intimatemedicine.com.hr_seks-i-zdravlje_hoce-li-rak-vrata-maternice-uskoro-postati-stvar-povijesti__1.xml
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Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccine Gardasil® is the newly recommended Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends Gardasil for girls and women 9-26 years of age. The majority of sexually active individuals have been infected with HPV at some point in their lives, and most are not aware of the infection. In many cases, the immune system is able to clear the infection within 1-2 years. However, certain strains of HPV may linger on the cervix for many years, and persistence of the virus is considered a risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. In the United States, approximately 4,000 women die from cervical cancer each year; worldwide deaths from cervical cancer number approximately 270,000 (i.e., rates are higher in areas where Pap smear screening and early treatment are not readily available). Gardasil protects against HPV Types 16 and 18, which are responsible for about 70% of all cervical cancer and most vaginal and vulvar cancers. It also protects against HPV Types 6 and 11, which cause about 90% of genital warts. Gardasil is a promising step toward significantly reducing HPV related infection and disease. Gardasil Overview: Effectiveness - There are approximately 40 different HPV types associated with vulvar, vaginal or cervical infection and disease. Gardasil protects against 4 important HPV types. - Gardasil does not protect against the HPV types responsible for 30% of cervical cancer. - Girls/women who have not yet been exposed to HPV will benefit most from the vaccine. Vaccine trials: In the unexposed group, the vaccine was 98.8% effective in preventing significant HPV related disease and 93.4% effective in preventing genital warts. In the general population, which included girls/women already exposed to one or more of viruses covered by Gardasil, the vaccine was approximately 40% effective in preventing significant cervical disease and 68.5% effective in reducing genital warts. Girls/women who may have been infected with one or more of the viruses covered by Gardasil will develop immunity against the HPV types they have not yet acquired. It is rare that an individual will be infected with all four of the viruses covered by Gardasil. Pap Smears - The Pap smear remains a very important screening test for cervical cancer detection and early treatment. Women who receive Gardasil should continue to have regular Pap smears. Remember that 30% of cancer-causing HPV strains are not covered by the vaccine. Also, women who do not receive all three doses of the vaccine, or who were not vaccinated on the correct schedule, will not receive the vaccine's full benefits. - As with any vaccine, the vaccine may not result in protection in all vaccine recipients. Immunity - Gardasil is given in a series of 3 injections, over a 6 month period. Maximum protection is obtained one month after the third dose. - The length of vaccine protection (immunity) is unknown; so far, vaccinated persons are protected for five years. Research is ongoing to determine the length of immunity and if a booster dose will be needed. - It is not yet known how much protection would be obtained after receiving only one or 2 doses of the vaccine. For this reason, it is very important that girls/women get all 3 doses as recommended. HPV testing prior to immunization - HPV testing is presently FDA approved for use with a Pap smear result of "Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance" (ASCUS) and as an adjunct to Pap smears in women over 30. - HPV testing prior to immunization is not necessary or recommended. Safety - Gardasil has been tested in over 11,000 females in many countries around the world; these studies have shown no serious side effects. Of patients who have side effects, 90% noted soreness at the injection site and 50% noted headaches. - The vaccine is not recommended in pregnancy. Consistent condom use is an important component in the prevention of HPV and other sexually transmitted infections. A recent study demonstrated a 70% reduction in HPV infection among participants who used condoms consistently. The 3-dose vaccine will be available through the Tang Center at the Allergy, Travel and Immunization clinic. To make an appointment, call (510) 643-7177. For the current price, please call the Tang Center cashier at 642-8448. Additional information on the HPV vaccine is available at Centers for Disease Control or the California Department of Health Services. Disclaimer: The information provided here is not intended to diagnose, treat or provide a second opinion on any health problem or disease. It is meant to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between an individual and his/her clinician. Last revised: August, 2006
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Hoće li rak vrata maternice uskoro postati stvar povijesti? Riječ je o pravoj revoluciji na području medicine, koja spriječava nastanak raka vrata maternice i genitalnih bradavica. Medicina je doživjela pravu prijelomnicu otkrićem cjepiva koje spriječava nastanak raka vrata maternice i genitalnih bradavica. Skrivena opasnost S HPV koji se prenosi s kože na kožu, a ne preko tjelesnih izlučevina, barem jednom u životu zarazi barem 50 % spolno aktivnih žena. Kod većine će zaraza vrlo brzo neopazice nestati, dok će kod drugih (približno 5 do 10 %) ostati duže vrijeme. Dugotrajna zaraženost može uzrokovati pojavu raka vrata maternice. Određena vrsta genotipa HPV-a odgovorna je za uzrokovanje raka vrata maternice, dok je druga vrsta genotipa HPV-a odgovorna za nastanak gotovo svih genitalnih bradavica ili kondiloma. Zaraženost HPV-om teško se prepoznaje, a veća mogućnost zaraze postoji kod onih žena koje sa spolnim odnosima započinju u mladim godinama (15 godina ili manje), kod onih koje imaju više spolnih partnera, kod pušačica i onih koje su HIV pozitivne. S HPV-om se zarazi više od 50% spolno aktivnih žena. Sada možete spriječiti nastanak raka vrata maternice U medicini je došlo do prijelomnice s pronalaskom cjepiva koje spriječava nastanak raka vrata maternice i nastanak genitalnih bradavica. Za otkrivanje raka vrata maternice vrlo su važni redovni ginekološki pregledi, koji uključuju uzimanje brisa. To je po učestalosti drugi rak u žena, od koga u nas godišnje oboli oko 2.250 žena, a od njega ih godišnje umre oko 850. Najčešće se pojavljuje u žena između 35. i 45. godina starosti. Upozoravajuće znakove možete otkriti i same, a među njih spadaju bolovi ili krvarenja tijekom spolnog odnosa, povećani vaginalni iscjedak iako nema upala, te krvave mrlje ili manja krvarenje između redovnih menstrualnih ciklusa. Kondom je loša zaštita od zaraze HPV-om, jer taj se virus prenosi s kože na kožu. Preventiva je još uvijek najbolja zaštita Vrlo veliku ulogu igraju redovni ginekološki pregledi i uzimanje brisa, jer pridonose pravovremenom otkrivanju i liječenju. Zaraza HPV-om spriječava se apstinencijom od spolnih odnosa ili cijepljenjem, koje se ubraja u najuspješnije preventivne mjere. Upotreba kondoma tijekom spolnog odnosa nije zadovoljavajuća zaštita, jer se virus prenosi s kože na kožu. PAP testom, odnosno uzimanjem brisa s vrata maternice, otkriva se jesu li stanice vrata maternice normalne ili su više ili manje bolesno izmijenjene (nenormalan rezultat PAP-a testa). U tom su slučaju potrebne dodatne pretrage. Naime, samim PAP testom se ne otkriva prisutnost HPV-a, već samo posljedice koje nastaju zbog njegovog djelovanja. Svaka četvrta mlada osoba u dobi od 9 do 26 godina zarazi se HPV virusom. Cjepivo je učinkovito gotovo 100 % Cjepivo spriječava nastanak stanica iz kojih se kasnije razvija rak vrata maternice, stanica iz kojih se kasnije razvija rak vanjskog spolovila kao i razvoj genitalnih bradavica. Cjepivo ne može prouzročiti zarazu ili bolesti što ih inače uzrokuje HPV. Cijepljenje se obavlja s tri odvojene doze cjepiva. Drugo se cijepljenje obavlja dva mjeseca nakon prvog, a treće četiri mjeseca nakon druge doze cjepiva. Važno je primiti sve tri doze cjepiva. U ovom su trenutku na raspolaganju podaci o učinkovitosti cijepljenja kod djevojaka u dobi od 9 do 26 godina. U toj se starosnoj skupini HPV-om zarazi svaki četvrti tinejdžer. Za sada su još uvijek u tijeku istraživanja na ženama i muškarcima starijim od 26 godina. U istraživanje učinkovitosti bilo je uključeno više od 20.000 mladih žena, a cjepivo je sa 100 postotnom učinkovitošću spriječilo nastanak teških predkancerogenih promjena i nastanak neinvazivnog raka vrata maternice. Cjepivo je također spriječilo 99% slučajeva genitalnih bradavica. Cijepiti se možete i kada ste već zaražena HPV-om. Popratni učinci cjepiva su minimalni. Na mjestu cijepljenja može se pojaviti crvenilo ili mala oteklina, a vrlo se rijetko može pojaviti i povećana tjelesna temperatura. Nakon cijepljenja i dalje treba odlaziti na redovite ginekološke preglede, a usluga cijepljenja se, za sada, plaća. Za točnije se informacije obratite svom ginekologu. ###SCROLLER###