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HPV Channel Topics & Medications Quicklinks Related Channels HPV in Women High-Risk Versus Low-Risk HPVHuman papillomaviruses are now recognized as one of the major causes of cervical cancer. But there are over 100 different types of HPV, so scientists have separated the types into those that are more likely to develop into cancer and those that are less likely. The so-called "high-risk" HPV types are more likely to lead to the development of cancer, while "low-risk" viruses rarely develop into cancer. High-Risk HPV High-risk types of HPV can cause cell changes that may lead to cervical cancer over time if the cell changes are left untreated. Having high-risk HPV is not the same thing as having cervical cancer. Usually, these high-risk HPV types cause no health problems at all and go away on their own. Persistent high-risk HPV (infection that does not go away) is the most important risk factor for cervical cancer. However, with regular Pap tests, cervical cell changes can be found and treated to prevent cervical cancer from ever developing. Low-Risk HPV Low-risk types of HPV in women can cause genital warts, but do not cause cervical cancer. Warts can form weeks, months, or even years after sexual contact with a person who has genital HPV. Testing for HPV in Women Most cases of HPV are suspected following an abnormal Pap test. If a woman is age 30 or older, the healthcare provider may also do an HPV test along with the woman's Pap test. This is a DNA test that detects most of the high-risk types of HPV and helps with screening for cervical cancer. If a woman is younger than 30 years old and has had a borderline Pap test result, her healthcare provider may give her an HPV test as well. This test will tell if HPV caused the abnormal cells on the woman's cervix. Written by/reviewed by: Arthur Schoenstadt, MD Last reviewed by: Arthur Schoenstadt, MD
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HPV Virus HPV virus HPV virus je virus, s kojim se zarazi bar polovina svih spolno aktivnih ljudi, a uzrokuje rak vrata maternice... Pročitajte sve o virusu HPV. Značajna skupina HPV su HPV virusi sluznice. Humani papiloma virusi ili HPV opsežna su skupina virusa koji se prenose s kože na kožu ili preko sluznice. Postoji više od 100 različitih genotipa HPV. HPV je jedna od najčešćih spolno prenosivih zaraza, kako kod muškaraca tako i kod žena. HPV je najčešći uzrok raka vrata maternice, a uzrokuje i rak na vulvi, anusu ili penisu. Postoji više od 100 različitih genotipa HPV. Značajna skupina HPV su HPV virusi sluznice. HPV viruse sluznice dijelimo na nisko-rizične, koji kod žena i muškaraca uzrokuju genitalne bradavice (najčešći su HPV 6 i HPV 11), i visoko-rizične, koji uzrokuju nastanak raka vrata maternice i drugih promjena koje prethode nastanku raka ( HPV 16 i HPV 18). HPV se najčešće prenosi spolnim odnosima, a virusom niskog rizika zaraženo je do 60 % svih žena mlađih od 30 let. S visoko-rizičnim virusom zaraženo je oko 15 posto svih žena. Zaraza s visoko-rizičnim virusom se dogodi onda kada tijelo ne uspije pobijediti zarazu. Takva zaraza može trajati godinama i teško ju je otkriti. HPV se najčešće prenosi spolnim odnosima (jlp) Neaktivna zaraza s nisko-rizičnim virusom nema vidljivih znakova, zaraženo je područje potpuno normalno. Tijelo nadzire zarazu i moguće je da za nju nikada niti nećete saznati. Kod aktivne zaraze (zaraza s virusom visokog rizika), virus u zaraženim stanicama uzrokuje promjene. Promijenjene stanice se kao promijenjene vide na PAP brisu. Ako takve stanice ostanu neotkrivene, promjene mogu voditi do nastanka raka vrata maternice. Sama infekcija nije izlječiva, od infekcije se možemo zaštititi cijepljenjem protiv HPV. U većini slučajeva se u roku od dvije godine virus sam izluči. Možemo liječiti samo promjene na koži (bradavice) i predkancerogene promjene vrata maternice. Bris ušća maternice sastavni je dio preventivnog ginekološkog pregleda za spriječavanje raka vrata maternice. Redoviti ginekološki pregledi izuzetno su važni, jer samo ginekolog s uzimanjem i pregledavanjem stanica u brisu s ušća maternice (test PAP) može utvrditi jeste li zaraženi i poduzeti odgovarajuće mjere u slučaju predkancerogenih promjena a vratu maternice. Sama infekcija nije izlječiva, od infekcije se možemo zaštititi cijepljenjem protiv HPV.