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"Three coffees a day cuts the risk of heart disease and strokes," the Daily Mirror reports. A large study of 25,000 adults from South Korea has found that people who drink between three and five cups of coffee per day were less likely to have the first signs of coronary heart disease. This is a condition where atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) restricts the supply of blood to the heart. In some cases atherosclerosis can cause a blood clot to develop, which can trigger a heart attack. The participants had a CT scan in which the level of calcium deposits in the coronary arteries was measured. Calcium deposits are one of the first signs of atherosclerosis. They also completed a food frequency questionnaire to estimate their average food and drink consumption over the previous year. People who drank between three and five cups of coffee were 19% less likely to have calcium deposits than people who did not drink coffee. Despite media reports, as the study only looked at data from one point in time, it does not prove that drinking this amount of coffee each day is good for the heart. The study was carried out by researchers from Kangbuk Samsung Hospital in South Korea and there was no external funding. The study was published in the peer-reviewed medical journal Heart. In general, the UK media reported on the study accurately, but they did not explain that the only statistically significant result was for people drinking between three and five cups of coffee per day compared to those who do not drink coffee. Also, the claim that the reduction in calcium deposits would help prevent heart attacks in later life, while arguably plausible, is unproven. This was a cross-sectional study that aimed to see if there was an association between coffee consumption and the early signs of heart disease. As it was a cross-sectional study it looked at data from one point in time. This means that it can only show an association, it cannot prove that coffee causes reduced levels of calcium to be deposited in the coronary arteries. A randomised controlled trial would ideally be required, though studies randomising people to food or drink items over a long period of time to look at cardiovascular outcomes would have serious feasibility issues; especially regarding compliance. For example, asking a seasoned "coffee addict" not to drink any coffee for the next 10 years probably won’t meet with much success. The researchers used information from a large cohort of 30,485 adults who were taking part in the Kangbuk Samsung Health study, which is an ongoing cohort study organised out of a Korean hospital. All participants had a full health screen and a CT scan of the heart between March 2011 and April 2013 to measure the level of calcium in the coronary arteries. This was taken as an early indicator of atherosclerosis, hardening of the arteries, which leads to heart disease. A self-administered 103-item food frequency questionnaire was also completed. The participants were asked to estimate how often, on average, they consumed each type of food or drink in the previous year. This included coffee, but did not discriminate between caffeinated and decaffeinated. The researchers say that decaffeinated coffee is not widespread in South Korea. The researchers then compared the level of coffee consumption with the amount of calcium in the coronary arteries. They adjusted their results to take into account the following confounders: People were excluded from the study if they already had a history of cardiovascular disease or incomplete information. The final sample consisted of 25,138 adults. The average age was 41 years and 83.7% were male. After adjusting the results for all the potential confounding factors listed above, compared to people who did not drink coffee: The researchers concluded that "moderate daily coffee consumption was associated with decreased prevalence of CAC [coronary artery calcium] in a large sample of [symptom-free] adults free of CVD". They say that "further research is warranted to confirm our findings and establish the biological basis of coffee’s potential preventive effects on coronary artery disease". This large cross-sectional study found that people who reported drinking between three to five cups of coffee per day in the previous year were less likely to have calcium deposits in the coronary arteries than people who did not drink coffee. There was no statistically significant difference for people consuming any other level of coffee compared to those who don’t drink coffee. This type of study cannot prove that drinking this level of coffee stopped calcium being deposited in the arteries, an early sign of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). It shows there is an association, but does not explain why. Strengths of the study include the large sample size and extent to which potential confounding factors were taken into account. However, there are some limitations: Though the results of this study are interesting and warrant further investigation, they do not prove that drinking three to five cups of coffee a day is good for the heart. You can reduce your risk of heart disease by stopping smoking, eating healthily, being physically active, and keeping your blood pressure and cholesterol within normal limits, through lifestyle choices and use of medication, where required. Read more about reducing your heart disease risk. Analysis by Bazian. Edited by NHS Choices. Follow Behind the Headlines on Twitter. Join the Healthy Evidence forum.
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ELIKSIR ŽIVOTA KAVOPIJE, VIŠE NE MORATE IMATI GRIŽNJU SAVJESTI Nekoliko šalica dnevno može vam spasiti život! http://pixabay.com/ Na temelju analize snimaka krvnih žila 25.000 zaposlenih osoba oba spola, koje su bile na redovitim sistematskim pregledima, znanstvenici su utvrdili da su oni koji su pili kavu tri do pet puta dnevno imali manje izgleda za rane znakove srčanih bolesti. ZAGREB - Osobe koje redovito piju kavu imaju zdravije krvne žile, pokazalo je istraživanje južnokorejskih znanstvenika po kojem nekoliko šalica kave dnevno može pomoći spriječavanju stvaranja suženja krvnih žila, koja su faktor rizika za razvoj srčanih bolesti, prenosi BBC. Na temelju analize snimaka krvnih žila 25.000 zaposlenih osoba oba spola, koje su bile na redovitim sistematskim pregledima, znanstvenici su utvrdili da su oni koji su pili kavu tri do pet puta dnevno imali manje izgleda za rane znakove srčanih bolesti. Neka istraživanja do sada su povezivala konzumiranje kave s rizicima za razvoj srčane bolesti zbog utjecaja na povećanje kolesterola ili krvnog tlaka dok su druga sugerirala da napitak pruža neku zaštitu srcu. Za sada nema konačnog odgovora a korejsko istraživanje, čiji su rezultati objavljeni u časopisu Heart, novi je argument u raspravi. U okviru istraživanja znanstvenici su uspoređivali snimke koronarnih arterija na kojima se s godinama talože plakovi i dolazi do njihova sužavanja. Nijedan od ispitanika nije imao simptome srčanih bolesti no više od deset posto je na snimkama imalo vidljive naslage kalcija. Uspoređujući snimke s navikama ispijanja kave te uzimajući u obzir i druge faktore koji bi mogli utjecati na rezultate istraživanja poput pušenja, razine fizičke aktivnosti ili obiteljske povijesti srčanih bolesti, znanstvenici su utvrdili da je kod onih koji su pili nekoliko šalica kave dnevno manja vjerojatnost za pojavu naslaga kalcija u koronarnim arterijama u odnosu na one koji uopće nisu pili kavu ili pili veće količine kave dnevno. Više o... FACEBOOK KOMENTARI NOĆNO DIVLJANJE MASOVNA TUČNJAVA KOD NOĆNOG KLUBA Interventna privela sedam osoba, mladić (18) zadržan u bolnici RAD I SOLIDARNOST