http___www.krenizdravo.rtl.hr_zdravlje_bolesti-zdravlje_sindrom-policisticnih-jajnika-uzroci-simptomi-i-lijecenje_1.xml
1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 5.2 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 7.1 8.1 8.2 8.3 9.1 10.1 10.2 11.1 12.1 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 15.1 16.1 16.2 17.1 17.2 18.1 19.1 19.2 19.3 20.1 20.2 21.1 21.2 21.3 22.1 22.2 22.3
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder characterized by laboratory and/or clinical findings of higher levels of androgens (specific hormones that act as male sex hormones), difficulty with ovulating and menstrual irregularity, and polycystic appearance of ovaries on ultrasound. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder characterized by laboratory and/or clinical findings of higher levels of androgens (specific hormones that act as male sex hormones), difficulty with ovulating and menstrual irregularity, and polycystic appearance of ovaries on ultrasound. Its prevalence is nearly 10 percent among reproductive-age women and may represent the largest underappreciated segment of the female population at risk for cardiovascular disease. Most women suffering from PCOS present with one or more of the following symptoms or characteristics: irregular menses, hirsutism (excessive facial hair), alopecia (loss of hair, or male pattern balding), high levels of androgens or specific hormones on lab testing, and obesity, although as much as 20 percent of women with PCOS are not obese. Many women also present with a variety of menstrual-related complaints, from no menses for years to heavy menstrual bleeding. Infertility is also a common finding among PCOS sufferers and the diagnosis is often made during an infertility evaluation. The genetic contribution to PCOS remains uncertain and there are no environmental causes identified. Insulin resistance, where insulin levels are high, may be causative and contribute to symptoms. Obesity may be both a cause as well as a complicating factor with PCOS, further contributing to the signs and symptoms of the disorder. However, there is no known genetic testing available for PCOS and it is unknown whether the condition may itself be inherited. diagnosis made? Diagnostic criteria for PCOS have changed many times through the years and there is no universally accepted definition. However, there are consistent physical, laboratory and ultrasound findings accepted amongst physicians who diagnose and treat women with PCOS. The following are the most common features, and most, but not all, must be present for the diagnosis. Symptoms: Menstrual irregularity, infertility Physical: Elevated blood pressure, high BMI (more than 30). Presence of stigmata of high androgen levels: acne, hirsutism, alopecia, darkening at nape of neck and armpits Laboratory: high levels of male sex hormones (androgens), high insulin levels, high glucose levels, high cholesterol Ultrasound: Polycystic ovaries (meaning presence of 12 or more follicles seen in one or both ovaries), thickened uterine lining PCOS itself poses an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Women with the condition are at increased risk for complications in pregnancy, including miscarriage, gestational diabetes and high blood pressure. Additionally, women with PCOS have a significantly increased risk of long-term diabetes, metabolic syndrome, high cholesterol, and heart disease. Women with long-term untreated PCOS also have an increased risk of uterine cancer if menstrual symptoms are not treated. Of note, mood disturbances and depression are more prevalent among women with PCOS. Obesity contributes substantially to reproductive and metabolic abnormalities in women with PCOS. Multiple studies have demonstrated that weight loss improves many of the signs of symptoms associated with the condition. Weight reduction has proven to improve pregnancy rates, decrease hirsutism, and improve glucose and cholesterol levels. These beneficial changes have been shown in women with weight loss as little as 5 percent. Without doubt, the most important and successful treatment for women with PCOS is weight reduction. Women with PCOS should be screened for cardiovascular disease frequently with fasting laboratory testing. Regular exercise, proper diet and weight control are proven methods to reduce cardiovascular disease in young women. In women with menstrual symptoms ranging from no menses to heavy irregular menses, there are several treatment options. Low-dose oral contraceptives are most frequently used to regulate the menstrual cycle and additionally protect the uterine lining from overgrowth and long term risk of uterine cancer. Progesterone, given either as injection, orally, or included within an IUD, called the Mirena IUD, also may help regulate menstrual symptoms. Drugs initially developed to treat Type 2 diabetes also are used to treat PCOS. One such drug most commonly used is metformin, also called glucophage. Treatment with this medication helps regulate menses, contribute to weight loss, improve insulin resistance, increase ovulation and thus improve pregnancy rate, and help decrease or eliminate the signs and symptoms associated with PCOS. PCOS remains a common condition among reproductive-aged women and accounts for a myriad of symptoms and physical signs that has potentially serious long-term ramifications. The symptoms of PCOS are commonly associated with other disorders and making the diagnosis is crucial to assure proper treatment. Besides menstrual related disorders and infertility, cardiovascular disease is a largely under-recognized and underappreciated co-morbidity associated with PCOS and must be diagnosed and treated. Treatment of the cardiovascular risk factors, including insulin resistance, hypertension, obesity and high cholesterol, should be incorporated into the routine PCOS patient treatment plan. The gynecologist is only one member of the health care team required to help care for women with this malady. Dr. Christian S. Pope specializes in obstetrics and gynecology. He has offices in New Bedford and Mattapoisett and practices at St. Luke's Hospital, the New Bedford site of Southcoast Hospitals Group. He can be reached at (508) 999-6245.
1.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1 5.1 5.2 6.1 6.2 7.1 7.2 8.1 9.1 9.2 10.1 11.1 12.1 13.1 14.1 15.1 16.1 17.1 17.2 17.3 18.1 19.1 19.2 20.1 20.2 21.1 22.1 23.1 24.1 25.1 25.2 26.1 26.2 27.1 28.1 28.2 28.3 29.1 29.2 30.1 30.2 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 32.3 33.1 34.1 34.2 35.1 36.1 37.1 37.2 38.1 39.1 41.1 42.1
Sindrom policističnih jajnika (PCOS) – uzroci, simptomi i liječenje Sindrom policističnih jajnika (PCOS) je bolest s kojom se susreće veliki broj žena, a koja dovodi do neravnoteže hormona. Može uzrokovati probleme sa mjesečnicom i poteškoće sa trudnoćom. Sindrom policističnih jajnika također može uzrokovati neželjene promjene u izgledu. Ako se ne liječi s vremenom može dovesti do ozbiljnih problema sa zdravljem, poput dijabetesa ili srčanih bolesti. Sindrom policističnih jajnika je donekle uobičajen, zahvaća 1 od 15 žena. Simptomi se često pojavljuju već u tinejdžerskim godinama. Liječenje može kontrolirati simptome i spriječiti dugoročne probleme. Što su hormoni i što se događa kod sindroma policističnih jajnika (PCOS)? Hormoni su kemijski glasnici koji aktiviraju različite procese, uključujući rast i proizvodnju energije. Često posao jednog hormona signalizira izlazak drugog hormona. Iz razloga koji se ipak ne razumiju potpuno dobro, sindrom policističnih jajnika dovodi do neuravnoteženosti kod hormona. Promjena jednog hormona dovodi do promjene drugoga, primjerice: - Uobičajeno jajnici rade mali iznos muških spolnih hormona (androgena). Kod sindroma policističnih jajnika, jajnici počinju proizvoditi više androgena.To uzrokuje zaustavljanje ovulacije, dobivanje akni i može uzrokovati ubrzani rast dlaka na tijelu i licu. Simptomi sindroma policističnih jajnika (PCOS) Simptomi znaju biti vrlo blagi. Možete imati samo nekoliko simptomi ili više njih. Najčešći simptomi PCOS su: - akne - dobivanje težina ili problemi sa gubljenjem težine - dodatne dlake na licu i tijelu - stanjivanje kose na tjemenu - problemi s plodnošću - depresija Kod većina žena sa sindromom policističnih jajnika razvijaju se male ciste na jajnicima. To je razlog zašto se ovaj bolest zove sindrom policističnih jajnika. Ciste nisu opasne no dovode do već navedene neuravnoteženosti hormona. Uzroci sindroma policističnih jajnika (PCOS) Simptomi sindroma policističnih jajnika su uzrokovani promjenama u razini hormona. Može biti jedan ili više uzroka za te promjene. Čini se da je sindrom policističnih jajnika često uzrokovan genetski, pa je vaša šansa da dobijete bolest veća ukoliko druge žene u vašoj obitelji imaju sindrom policističnih jajnika ili dijabetes. Ipak, sindrom policističnih jajnika se može prenijeti s obje strane, i s majčine i s očeve. Dijagnoza sindroma policističnih jajnika (PCOS) Kako bi otkrio sindrom policističnih jajnika, liječnik će: - postaviti pitanja o povijesti bolesti, simptomima i menstrualnom ciklusu - napraviti fizički pregled kako bi našao znakove PCOS-a kao što su dodatne dlake i visok krvni tlak. Napravite niz laboratorijskih testova kako bi provjerili razinu šećera u krvi, inzulin i druge razine hormona. Hormonski testovi mogu pomoći u isključivanju problema sa štitnjačom koji mogu uzrokovati slične simptome kao kod sindroma policističnih jajnika. Također, možete napraviti i ultrazvuk kako bi liječnik potražio ciste na vašim jajnicima. Vaš liječnik vam vjerojatno može reći imate li PCOS i bez ovog ultrazvuka, no ovaj test će mu pomoći u isključivanju drugih problema. Liječenje sindroma policističnih jajnika (PCOS) Redovito vježbanje, zdrava prehrana i kontrola težine su ključni tretmani za PCOS. Također se mogu koristiti i lijekovi za uravnoteživanje hormona. Tretman može smanjiti neželjene simptome i spriječiti dugoročne zdravstvene probleme. Prvi korak u upravljanju bolesti je redovito vježbanje i zdrava prehrana. To može pomoći u smanjivanju krvnog tlaka i kolesterola što smanjuje rizik od dijabetesa i srčanih bolesti. - Pokušajte uvrstiti lake vježbe u svakodnevne aktivnosti. Primjerice, hodanje je sjajna vježba koju većina ljudi može obavljati. - Većina žena koje imaju sindrom policističnih jajnika mogu profitirati od gubitka težine. Čak i mali gubitci do 4 kg mogu pomoći u vraćanju hormona u ravnotežu. - Ako ste pušač, pokušajte prestati. Žene koje puše imaju veću razinu androgena koji može razviti simptome sindroma policističnih jajnika. Pušenje također izaziva veći rizik za srčane bolesti. Liječnik također može prepisati lijekove za PCOS, kao što su: - Kontracepcijske pilule – one mogu pomoći u smanjivanju simptoma kao što su višak dlaka na licu i akne. One se ipak ne preporučuju ako pokušavate zatrudnjeti. - Lijek za dijabetes, metmorfin – može pomoći u vraćanju redoviti menstrualnih ciklusa i plodnosti. - Lijekovi za plodnost – pomažu ukoliko želite zatrudnjeti Vrlo je važno često se konzultirati s liječnikom kako bi bili sigurni da je tretman dobar i kako bi probali nešto novo ako je potrebno. Također redovito radite testove kako bi provjerili dijabetes, krvni tlak i druge moguće probleme. Kurkuma 95% Ekstrakt & Bioperine Ekstrakt korijena kurkume i piperina. Zeodent Zeolitni prah za zube (95g) Protiv zubnog kamenca i bolesti desni.