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Type 2 Diabetes, once known as adult-onset diabetes, or noninsulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolizes sugar (glucose), your body’s important source of fuel. With type 2 diabetes, your body either resists the effects of insulin — a hormone that regulates the movement of sugar into your cells — or doesn’t produce enough insulin to maintain a normal glucose level. More common in adults, type 2 diabetes increasingly affects children as childhood obesity increases. Type 2 diabetes symptoms often develop slowly. In fact, you can have type 2 diabetes for years and not know it. Look for: - Increased thirst and frequent urination. Excess sugar building up in your bloodstream causes fluid to be pulled from the tissues. This may leave you thirsty. As a result, you may drink — and urinate — more than usual. - Increased hunger. Without enough insulin to move sugar into your cells, your muscles and organs become depleted of energy. This triggers intense hunger. - Weight loss. Despite eating more than usual to relieve hunger, you may lose weight. Without the ability to metabolize glucose, the body uses alternative fuels stored in muscle and fat. Calories are lost as excess glucose is released in the urine. - Fatigue. If your cells are deprived of sugar, you may become tired and irritable. - Blurred vision. If your blood sugar is too high, fluid may be pulled from the lenses of your eyes. This may affect your ability to focus. - Slow-healing sores or frequent infections. Type 2 diabetes affects your ability to heal and resist infections. - Areas of darkened skin. Some people with type 2 diabetes have patches of dark, velvety skin in the folds and creases of their bodies — usually in the armpits and neck. This condition, called acanthosis nigricans, may be a sign of insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or when the pancreas stops producing enough insulin. Exactly why this happens is unknown, although genetics and environmental factors, such as excess weight and inactivity, seem to be contributing factors. How insulin works Insulin is a hormone that comes from the gland situated behind and below the stomach (pancreas). - The pancreas secretes insulin into the bloodstream. - The insulin circulates, enabling sugar to enter your cells. - Insulin lowers the amount of sugar in your bloodstream. - As your blood sugar level drops, so does the secretion of insulin from your pancreas. The role of glucose Glucose — a sugar — is a main source of energy for the cells that make up muscles and other tissues. - Glucose comes from two major sources: food and your liver. - Sugar is absorbed into the bloodstream, where it enters cells with the help of insulin. - Your liver stores and makes glucose. - When your glucose levels are low, such as when you haven’t eaten in a while, the liver breaks down stored glycogen into glucose to keep your glucose level within a normal range. In type 2 diabetes, this process doesn’t work well. Instead of moving into your cells, sugar builds up in your bloodstream. As blood sugar levels increase, the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas produce more insulin, but eventually these cells become impaired and can’t make enough insulin to meet the body’s demands. In the much less common type 1 diabetes, the immune system destroys the beta cells, leaving the body with little to no insulin. Researchers don’t fully understand why some people develop type 2 diabetes and others don’t. It’s clear, however, that certain factors increase the risk, including: - Weight. Being overweight is a primary risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The more fatty tissue you have, the more resistant your cells become to insulin. However, you don’t have to be overweight to develop type 2 diabetes. - Fat distribution. If your body stores fat primarily in your abdomen, your risk of type 2 diabetes is greater than if your body stores fat elsewhere, such as your hips and thighs. - Inactivity. The less active you are, the greater your risk of type 2 diabetes. Physical activity helps you control your weight, uses up glucose as energy and makes your cells more sensitive to insulin. - Family history. The risk of type 2 diabetes increases if your parent or sibling has type 2 diabetes. - Race. Although it’s unclear why, people of certain races — including African-Americans, Hispanics, American Indians and Asian-Americans — are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than whites are. - Age. The risk of type 2 diabetes increases as you get older, especially after age 45. That’s probably because people tend to exercise less, lose muscle mass and gain weight as they age. But type 2 diabetes is also increasing dramatically among children, adolescents and younger adults. - Prediabetes. Prediabetes is a condition in which your blood sugar level is higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as diabetes. Left untreated, prediabetes can progress to type 2 diabetes. - Gestational diabetes. If you developed gestational diabetes when you were pregnant, your risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases. If you gave birth to a baby weighing more than 9 pounds (4 kilograms), you’re also at risk of type 2 diabetes. - Polycystic ovary syndrome. For women, having polycystic ovary syndrome — a common condition characterized by irregular menstrual periods, excess hair growth and obesity — increases the risk of diabetes. Type 2 diabetes can be easy to ignore, especially in the early stages when you’re feeling fine. But diabetes affects many major organs, including your heart, blood vessels, nerves, eyes and kidneys. Controlling your blood sugar levels can help prevent these complications. Although long-term complications of diabetes develop gradually, they can eventually be disabling or even life-threatening. Some of the potential complications of diabetes include: - Heart and blood vessel disease. Diabetes dramatically increases the risk of various cardiovascular problems, including coronary artery disease with chest pain (angina), heart attack, stroke, narrowing of arteries (atherosclerosis) and high blood pressure. - Nerve damage (neuropathy). Excess sugar can injure the walls of the tiny blood vessels (capillaries) that nourish your nerves, especially in the legs. This can cause tingling, numbness, burning or pain that usually begins at the tips of the toes or fingers and gradually spreads upward. Poorly controlled blood sugar can eventually cause you to lose all sense of feeling in the affected limbs. Damage to the nerves that control digestion can cause problems with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation. For men, erectile dysfunction may be an issue. - Kidney damage (nephropathy). The kidneys contain millions of tiny blood vessel clusters that filter waste from your blood. Diabetes can damage this delicate filtering system. Severe damage can lead to kidney failure or irreversible end-stage kidney disease, which often eventually requires dialysis or a kidney transplant. - Eye damage. Diabetes can damage the blood vessels of the retina (diabetic retinopathy), potentially leading to blindness. Diabetes also increases the risk of other serious vision conditions, such as cataracts and glaucoma. - Foot damage. Nerve damage in the feet or poor blood flow to the feet increases the risk of various foot complications. Left untreated, cuts and blisters can become serious infections, which may heal poorly. Severe damage might require toe, foot or leg amputation. - Hearing impairment. Hearing problems are more common in people with diabetes. - Skin conditions. Diabetes may leave you more susceptible to skin problems, including bacterial and fungal infections. - Alzheimer’s disease. Type 2 diabetes may increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. The poorer your blood sugar control, the greater the risk appears to be. The exact connection between these two conditions still remains unclear. To diagnose type 2 diabetes: Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test: This blood test indicates your average blood sugar level for the past two to three months. It measures the percentage of blood sugar attached to hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. The higher your blood sugar levels, the more hemoglobin you’ll have with sugar attached. An A1C level of 6.5 percent or higher on two separate tests indicates you have diabetes. A result between 5.7 and 6.4 percent is considered prediabetes, which indicates a high risk of developing diabetes. Normal levels are below 5.7 percent. Type II diabetes is a lifestyle syndrome and can be controlled through lifestyle adaptation. We specialize in the treatment of Type II diabetes and have had tremendous success guiding many through this process. IF you have Type II diabetes or are concerned you may have it, contact us today at 818-788-8242.
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Prepoznajte simptome dijabetesa pa djelujte na vrijeme Dijabetes je bolest kod koje većina ljudi lako previdi simptome. Da ne budete među njima pripazite na sljedeće znakove koji ukazuju na ovu podmuklu bolest. Prvo ćemo navesti razliku između dijabetesa Tip 1 i dijabetesa Tip 2, pa vas upoznati sa simptomima koji upućuju na to oboljenje. Kod šećerne bolesti tipa 1 postupno propadaju beta stanice gušterače koje proizvode inzulin sve do apsolutnog nedostatka inzulina. Bez inzulina koji pokreće glukozu u stanice, razina šećera u krvi postaje prekomjerno visoka i nastaje hiperglikemija. Šećerna bolest tipa 2 je daleko najčešći oblik šećerne bolesti – javlja se u 90% slučajeva. Većina oboljelih od tipa 2 proizvodi promijenjene ili čak normalne količine inzulina, ali uslijed poremećaja u stanicama jetre i mišića dolazi do otpornosti na djelovanje inzulina. Inzulin se veže za stanične receptore, ali glukozane može ući u stanicu i to stanje je poznato kao inzulinska rezistencija. Dijabetičari učestalo mokre i stalno su žedni – Ako imate čestu potrebu za mokrenjem, posebno ako se zbog toga često budite preko noći, to bi mogao biti znak dijabetesa. Nije nužno, da se razumijemo, ali je svakako jedan od znakova ove bolesti. Bubrezi rade punom parom kako bi se riješili viška glukoze u krvi, pa imate veću potrebu za pražnjenjem. Pretjerana žeđ znači da vaše tijelo pokušava nadoknaditi izgubljenu tekućinu. Ova dva simptoma idu ruku pod ruku i jedan su od načina na koje tijelo samo pokušava riješi razinu šećera u krvi. Neobjašnjiv gubitak težine – Pretjerano visoke razine šećera u krvi mogu uzrokovati nagli gubitak težine, primjerice 5 do 10 kilograma u dva ili tri mjeseca, što svakako nije zdravo mršavljenje. Hormon inzulin ne dobiva glukozu u stanicama, koje koristi kao energiju, zbog čega tijelo misli da gladuje i počinje uzimati proteine iz mišića kao alternativni izvor energije. Bubrezi također rade pretjerano jer žele ukloniti višak šećera, što dovodi do gubitka kalorija (i oštećuje bubrege). Glad može ukazivati na dijabetes – Pretjerani osjećaj gladi još je jedan znak dijabetesa, što dolazi zbog velikih skokova razine šećera u krvi. Kada razine šećera strmoglavo padaju, tijelo misli da je gladno i žudi za glukozom koja je stanicama potrebna za funkcioniranje. Problemi s kožom mogu biti povezani sa dijabetesom – Svrbež kože, možda kao rezultat suhe kože ili loše cirkulacije, često može biti upozoravajući signal za dijabetes, kao i drugi problemi s kožom, poput tamnih mrlja na koži oko vrata ili područja pazuha. Sporo zacjeljivanje rana – Infekcije, posjekotine i modrice koje ne zacjeljuju brzo, još su jedan znak dijabetesa. Ne trebate paničariti ako ste se pronašli u ovome, no svakako posjetite liječnika te se posavjetujte sa njim u vezi toga. To se događa jer su krvne žile oštećene zbog prekomjerne količine glukoze koja putuje kroz vene i arterije, ako je zaista uzrok dijabetes. Gljivične infekcije – Dijabetes povećava osjetljivost na različite infekcije, a najčešće su gljivične infekcije. Posebno žene moraju paziti na infekciju Candidom. Umor i razdražljivost – Ustajanje zbog odlaska na WC učinit će vas umornima, kao i dodatni napor koje tijelo ulaže da nadoknadi gubitak glukoze. Umor će vas učiniti razdražljivima. Zamućen vid – Zamućen vid i povremeni bljeskovi svjetla izravan su rezultat visoke razine šećera u krvi. Visoke razine glukoze u krvi mijenjaju oblik leće i oka. Dobra je vijest da se simptom povlači čim se razine šećera vrate u normalu. No, ako se ne liječi dugo vremena, može uzrokovati trajna oštećenja, pa čak i sljepoću. Trnci ili utrnulost – Trnci i gubitak osjeta u rukama i nogama, zajedno s boli ili oteklinama, znak je da su vam živci oštećeni zbog dijabetesa. Ako su simptomi novi, veća je vjerojatnost da će se povući uslijed liječničkog tretmana. Ipak, kao i kod vida, ako visoke razine šećera u krvi dugo djeluju na živce, mogu ih i trajno oštetiti.