http___www.kinderwunschklinik.de_hr_lijecenje_mogucnosti_lijecenja_ivf__1.xml
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In-vitro fertilisation (IVF) IVF stands for in-vitro fertilisation, which means the fertilisation of eggs by sperm outside the body. The precondition is that the sperm quality of the partner is very good so that an independent fertilization of the egg cell can be ensured. Thanks to IVF treatment, the first "test tube baby" was born to Loiuse Brown in 1978. This method of fertilisation has been continually developed and improved. Nowadays, IVF is the leading establish method of artificial reproduction. In IVF, the ovaries are hormonally stimulated through self-applied injections over a course of several days, so that several eggs mature. As soon as the eggs are mature, they are extracted from the ovaries by suction. This procedure takes place under a light anaesthetic, and carried out through the patients vagina. After the delivery of the sperm and the processing of it, using wash and centrifugation processes, the eggs and sperm are then put together in a nutrient solution. The sperm then penetrate the eggs without any further artificial assistance. The fertilised eggs then develop into embryos: - Day 1 after the egg puncture = pre-nuclear stage (pronuclei) - Day 2 after the egg puncture = two to four cell stage - Day 3 after the egg puncture = eight cell stage - Day 4 after the egg puncture = morula stage - Day 5 after the egg puncture = blastocyst (expanding or hatching) Delay in this development schedule can indicate a possible flaw in the embry. Only 50% of the pre-nuclear stages reach the blastocyst stage! Using a plastic catheter, up to two embryos are then implanted into the womb, three to five days after the puncture. This procedure is called embryo transfer. Most of the embryos, at this time, are in the blastocyst stage.
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In vitro oplodnja (IVF) Kod in vitro fertilizacije odvija se laboratorijska oplodnja ženske jajne stanice spermom vlastitog partnera. Preduvjet je dobra kvaliteta sperme partnera i stoga zajamčena samostalna oplodnja jajne stanice. In vitro oplodnjom začeta je 1987. prva „beba iz epruvete“ Louise Brown. In vitro oplodnja danas se naziva i „kraljevskom disciplinom“ među uobičajenim metodama umjetne oplodnje. Kako bi se garantiralo sazrijevanje više jajnih stanica, jajnici pacijentice koja prolazi IVF moraju se najprije više dana stimulirati hormonskim injekcijama. Odmah po sazrijevanju jajnih stanica, poduzima se njihova punkcija (vađenje). Pod laganom, lokalnom anestezijom, one se bezbolno kroz vaginu isisavaju iz jajnika. Nakon davanja sperme muškarca i pripreme ejakulata postupcima pranja i centrifugiranja, jajne stanice i spermatozoidi spajaju se u posebnoj, hranjivoj otopini. Bez daljnje pomoći spermatozoidi mogu prodrijeti u jajne stanice i oploditi ih. Oplođene jajne stanice razvijaju se u zametke: Dan 1 nakon vađenja jajne stanice = stadij predjezgre (pronukleusa) Dan 2 nakon vađenja jajne stanice = stadij dvije do četiri stanice Dan 3 nakon vađenja jajne stanice = stadij osam stanica Dan 4 nakon vađenja jajne stanice = stadij „bobica“ (morula) Dan 5 nakon vađenja jajne stanice = stadij blastociste (ekspandirana ili izlegnuta) Zaostajanje u ovoj razvojnoj dinamici omogućava prepoznavanje mogućeg poremećaja zametka. Samo oko 50% stadija predjezgri dostiže željeni stadij blastocisti! Pomoću umjetnog katetera, tri do pet dana nakon vađenja jajne stanice, prenose se u maternicu maksimalno dva zametka (embriotransfer). Zametci se najčešće već nalaze u stadiju blastociste.