http___www.infozagreb.hr_o-zagrebu_zagreb-kroz-stoljeca_1.xml
1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4
Today's Zagreb has grown out of two medieval settlements that for centuries developed on neighbouring hills. The first written mention of the city dates from 1094, when a diocese was founded on Kaptol, while in 1242, neighbouring Gradec was proclaimed a free and royal city. Both the settlements were surrounded by high walls and towers, remains of which are still preserved. During the Turkish onslaughts on Europe, between the 14th and 18th centuries, Zagreb was an important border fortress. The Baroque reconstruction of the city in the 17th and 18th centuries changed the appearance of the city. The old wooden houses were demolished, opulent palaces, monasteries and churches were built. The many trade fairs, the revenues from landed estates and the offerings of the many craft workshops greatly contributed to the wealth of the city. Affluent aristocratic families, royal officials, church dignitaries and rich traders from the whole of Europe moved into the city. Schools and hospitals were opened, and the manners of European capitals were adopted. The city outgrew its medieval borders and spread to the lowlands. The first parks and country houses were built. Zagreb confirmed its position as the administrative, cultural and economic centre of Croatia. When Kaptol, Gradec and the surrounding settlements were administratively combined into the integrated city of Zagreb in 1850, the development accelerated still more. The disastrous earthquake of 1880 sparked off the reconstruction and modernization of many shabby neighbourhoods and buildings. Prestigious public buildings were erected, parks and fountains were made, and transportation and other infrastructures were organized. In the 19th century the population increased tenfold. The twentieth century brought the Secession style to Zagreb. The city lived in the plenty of a civil society, with firm links with all the central European centres. With an increase in wealth and industry from the 1960s on, the city spread out over the wide plains alongside the Sava River, where a new, contemporary business city has develop.
1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4
Današnji Zagreb izrastao je iz dvaju srednjovjekovnih naselja koja su se stoljećima razvijala na dvama susjednim brežuljcima. Prvi pisani spomen Zagreba datira iz 1094. godine kada je na Kaptolu osnovana biskupija, dok susjedni Gradec 1242. godine biva proglašen slobodnim kraljevskim gradom. Oba ta naselja bila su okružena čvrstim bedemima i kulama, ostaci kojih su očuvani sve do danas. Za turskih najezda na Europu, od XIV. do XVIII. stoljeća, Zagreb je važna pogranična utvrda. Barokna obnova grada u XVII. i XVIII. stoljeću mijenja obličje Gradeca i Kaptola. Ruše se stare drvene kuće a podižu raskošne palače, samostani i crkve. Bogatstvu grada pridonose brojni trgovački sajmovi, prihodi od posjeda i mnoštvo obrtničkih radionica. U grad doseljavaju imućne plemićke obitelji, kraljevi službenici, crkveni velikodostojnici i bogati trgovci iz cijele Europe. Otvaraju se škole i bolnice, prihvaćaju se kulturni običaji europskih prijestolnica. Grad prerasta svoje srednjovjekovne granice i širi se prostranom ravnicom. Podižu se prvi perivoji i ladanjska imanja. Zagreb se potvrduje kao upravno, gospodarsko i kulturno središte Hrvatske. Administrativnim ujedinjenjem Kaptola, Gradeca i okolnih naselja u jedinstveni grad Zagreb 1850. godine, njegov se razvoj još više ubrzava. Razorni potres iz 1880. godine pokrenuo je obnovu i modernizaciju mnogih dotrajalih četvrti i građevina. Podižu se reprezentativne javne zgrade, ureduju,parkovi i fontane, organizira se javni prijevoz i komunalne usluge. U XIX. stoljeću broj se stanovnika udeseterostručuje. Dvadeseto stoljeće donosi u Zagreb duh secesije. Grad živi u obilju građanskog društva, čvrsto povezan s tadašnjim europskim središtima kulture, umjetnosti i znanosti. S rastom bogatstva i industrije, grad se od 60-tih godina naglo širi prostranom ravnicom uz rijeku Savu gdje niče suvremeni poslovni grad, spreman za izazove trećega tisućljeća.