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Diabetes & Insulin Resistance What is diabetes? Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterised by a decreased ability or complete inability of the body to utilise carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are normally broken down within the body in the form of glucose, the body’s main energy source. An elevation in blood glucose is then detected by the pancreas. The end result is a reduced clearance of glucose from the blood or a decreased uptake of glucose by muscle & fat cells. View diabetes & insulin resistance products Diabetes and Insulin Resistance Insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas, acts on muscles and the liver to clear glucose from the blood. Insulin itself is essential for the delivery of nutrients into a cell. In the diabetic, there may be either an insufficient production of insulin, the production of an incomplete hormone, or a decrease in the number and affinity of insulin receptors. Therefore, the end result is reduced clearance of glucose from the blood or a decreased uptake of glucose by muscle and fat cells. In the eight years from 1990-98, diabetes increased 70% in the 30-39 year age group. Researcher S. P Wolff recently reported “The individual with diabetes has a 25-fold increase in the risk of blindness, a 20-fold increase in the risk of renal failure, a 20-fold increase in the risk of amputation as a result of gangrene and a 2 to 6-fold increased risk of coronary heart disease and ischemic brain damage. Almost half of those diagnosed as diabetic before the age of 31 die before they reach 50, largely as a result of cardiovascular or renal complications, often with many years of crippling and debilitating disease beforehand.” There are however three pre-diabetic stages a Type 2 goes through prior to becoming diabetic. All of these stages are associated with excessive insulin outpouring when carbohydrates are consumed and are preventable. Long-term complications of diabetes... An increase in blood sugar leads to interactions with proteins, which changes their properties and impairs tissue functions. These are known as A.G. An increase in blood glucose is associated with decreased uptake of vitamin C. Insulin is required for vitamin C uptake. A lack of insulin and associated increase in blood glucose results in: (1) Increased viscosity of blood due to rigidity of cell membranes (2) Over activity of smooth muscle cells leading to coagulation and potential arteriosclerosis (3) High blood glucose instigates free radicals, leading to further complications (4) The thickening of certain cellular membranes gives rise to retinopathy, neuropathy and kidney damage Types of Diabetes... When we think of diabetics, we commonly think of individuals who can't make insulin and therefore need daily injections of this hormone. These are Type 1 diabetes. It is estimated that 5-10% of diabetics have Type 1 diabetes. This type of diabetes is associated with the actual destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas, which manufacture insulin. Recent evidence implicates a viral cause in some cases of this disorder. Type 2 diabetes however, produce more than enough insulin, but their cells are not responsive to it. There are four stages a type 2 diabetic will encounter before they reach full-blown diabetes: Stage One diabetes - Insulin resistance develops as a result of poor glucose control. The pancreas can produce insulin, however muscle and fat cells are not sensitive to insulin and the nutrients insulin transports. The causes of insulin resistance range from genetic to dietary factors (excessive carbohydrates and fat in the diet). Nutrient deficiencies are common with insulin resistance, eg magnesium, chromium, zinc, fatty acids and lipoic Acids. Stage Two diabetes - As cells become desensitised to insulin, an excessive amount of insulin is produced. This is circulated, causing an increase in free fatty acid production and an increase in glucose production. This leads to hyperinsulinaemia. Hyperinsulinaemia or elevated insulin levels further cause neurological, cardiovascular, endocrine and immune complications. Stage Three diabetes - Blood sugar abnormalities are now common for the individual. In fact there is very little difference between typical Type 2 diabetes and stage three. Some of the major symptoms are hour-by-hour changes in energy levels, moods, brain function and irritability brought on by hunger and relieved by food or caffeine. Stage Four diabetes - Diabetologists who confuse Type 1 with Type 2 diabetes are justified in their error only when this stage is reached. By this point in a Type 2 diabetic's life, his or her insulin output has finally become subnormal. At this stage, strict dietary measures are needed, in conjunction with essential nutrients that are so desperately needed to support the pancreas and various systems within the body. The macronutrient management of diabetes and insulin resistance We know that insulin is produced in response to the consumption of carbohydrates. How much and at what rate is determined by what sort of carbohydrate is eaten and if the meal is made up of portions of fat and protein. Protein, fat and dietary fibre slow the rate of sugars entering the bloodstream. Because of this, it makes perfect sense to include these macronutrients in a meal. Good quality protein is the premier insulin regulator due to its relatively low caloric value and its ability to not affect insulin production, but rather increasing the opposing hormone glucagon. Because of this, it is sensible to: (1) Consume only small amounts of carbohydrates - breads, grains, pastas and starches and eat carbohydrates containing a low glucose content - fruits and vegetables and some grains. (2) Consume a decent amount (around 20 grams of actual protein) of low-fat protein and a small amount of 'good' fat with every meal (3) Add a reasonable amount of fibre to each meal - through raw vegetables, nuts Nutrient support for diabetes and insulin resistance... Soy isoflavones Soy isoflavones from soy protein, have been shown to be highly beneficial in the treatment and prevention of both diabetes and insulin resistance. One isoflavone, genistein, acts by regulating triglycerides and cholesterol synthesis, a major problem for diabetics. Many products contain isoflavones, but the main one we stock is Natures Way Estrosoy Plus , which contains genistein, from fermented soy, the prefered way to consume soy (fermented). Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) Alpha-lipoic acid, a naturally occurring endogenous antioxidant, is used in Germany in the treatment of symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. Nerve damage is one of diabetes' most devastating complications and affects more than 50 percent of all diabetics. A study recently published in Diabetes Care reports that the antioxidant nutrient, alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), can partly restore diabetic nerve function after only four months of high-dosage oral treatment. ALA's powerful antioxidant effect may be one way it helps heal a diabetic person's damaged nerves. The healing effect could also be related to ALA's ability to activate key enzymes in the pathways that convert glucose, fatty acids and other energy sources into ATP - the body's main energy-storage and transport molecule. As well as this, ALA has been shown to help in cataracts, ischemia/reperfusion injury, liver disease and neurodegenerative disease. ALA improves sugar metabolism in diabetes. Research indicates that lipoic acid increases the burning of glucose in a way that is comparable to, but independent of, insulin. More recently, a study of adult patients with diabetes showed that ALA increased cellular uptake and oxidation (burning) of glucose by approximately 50 percent. Studies have also reported that ALA stimulates insulin activity, reduces insulin resistance in diabetes and enhances the burning of glucose in obese laboratory animals. Chromium Chromium losses through urination occur in the presence of a high carbohydrate diet. Losses have been reported of up to 10-300%. This coupled with a low dietary intake of chromium - the average daily intake is 25-33mcg, may lead to chromium deficiency, which is associated with impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. Within the past five years, chromium has been shown to improve glucose and related variables in patients with insulin resistance, as well as Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Severe neuropathy and insulin resistance in patients receiving the recommended daily intake of chromium were reversed by additional supplemental chromium picolinate. Chromium increases insulin binding to cells, insulin receptor number and activates insulin receptor kinase, leading to increased insulin sensitivity. We stock many different strengths of Chromium. These vary from 125mcg, 200mcg, 400mcg & 1mg. We also have different forms of chromium, including Chromium Picolinate, Amino acid chelate, Chloride, and GTF Chromium. Selenium Diabetes is also associated with low levels of selenium. Selenium and vitamin E supplementation in experimental diabetes was shown to play a role in controlling oxidative status and altered lipid metabolism in the liver, thereby maintaining favourable fatty acid distribution in the major tissues affected by diabetic complications. Selenium and vitamin E are both powerful antioxidants maintaining cellular membrane integrity. Selenium is deficient in our soils in New Zealand, so supplementation is one of the most effective ways of increasing the bodys supply of this vital mineral. Vanadium Diabetes has been reversed with a daily intake of vanadium. Vanadium is a trace element that is present in most body tissue. Studies using rats with diabetes have shown a complete reversal of this disease, when vanadium was given. As well as this, it inhibits cholesterol synthesis, making it important in the prevention of heart disease. At present, we do not have a source of Just Vanadium, except in small amounts in multiple combinations. For example in our Xcel Health MultiVite, there is 50mcg of Vanadium per tablet and in Country Life Glycemic Factors there is 5mg of Vanadyl Sulfate in 2 tablets. Zinc Zinc is also important for people who have diabetes, because of its regulatory affect on insulin in the blood. It has been found that the addition of zinc to insulin prolongs its effects on blood sugar. A diabetes patients pancreas contains only about half as much zinc as does a healthy one. Zinc is involved with insulin at several stages, as well as wound healing and in immune response that fights infection. Taking zinc helps eliminate cholesterol deposits and has been successfully used in the treatment of arteriosclerosis. White spots on your fingernails can show of a zinc deficiency. This is very common in New Zealand, as zinc is deficient in our soils, so our food does not contain good amounts of this vital mineral. You can purchase your own Zinc Test liquid, so you can monitor your own zinc levels. Magnesium, taurine & carnitine Magnesium, taurine and carnitine improve insulin sensitivity. Low magnesium levels are a strong predictor of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. In vitro studies have shown an effect of magnesium on the secretion of insulin by the pancreas and on the responsiveness to insulin by peripheral tissues. Insulin resistance has been shown to be implicated in impairing the ability of insulin to stimulate magnesium or glucose uptake in individuals with diabetes. Magnesium is the limiting factor in carbohydrate metabolism. Taurine improves insulin sensitivity due to its lipid lowering effect. Recently, carnitine deficiencies in diabetic tissues has received considerable attention concerning its role in the pathogenesis of not only diabetic neuropathy but also retinopathy. It has been reported that treatment with carnitine stimulates glucose uptake in Type 2 diabetics, reducing insulin secretion. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) Essential fatty acids from fish and primrose oil are required for normal insulin signalling. It is believed the greater the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in muscle membranes, the better the insulin action. A recent study concluded, "insulin action was positively correlated with the fatty acid saturation in membranes. Thus dietary fish oil has beneficial effects on insulin, plasma lipids and insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant slightly diabetic patients". GLA from primrose and Starflower or borage oil may assist nerve function and help prevent nerve disease experienced by those with diabetes (called peripheral neuropathy and felt as numbness, tingling, pain, burning, or lack of sensation in the feet and/or legs). Diabetes - What should a diet include? The diabetic diet emphasises fatty fish, poultry and soy products, rather than red meats to meet the protein requirements. Saturated fats from animal sources should be minimised (less than 10% of the daily food intake), because of its diminishing effect on insulin. Non-fat dairy products should be used. Fibre foods, preferably water-soluble kinds like oats and legumes, should make up 30 to 40% of the daily food intake. Eating as much raw food as possible is recommended. Vegetables like garlic, onions, lettuce, cabbage, avocado, broccoli and brussel sprouts are good. Exercise is vital for those with diabetes Exercise is as vital a factor in diabetes treatment as diet is, because it reduces the need for insulin, reduces the cholesterol level and guards against overweight and obesity. Diabetes and herbal supplements include... There are a number of herbal supplements available that are specific for treating diabetes. These include the following: Pro-Pancreas - Natures Sunshine Products have created a unique herbal formula to help all of the areas of the body involved with supporting the pancreas - including the digestive, glandular, respiratory, urinary and immune systems. These systems interrelate to control blood sugar levels, aid blood cleansing and provide protection from toxic or microbial attack. Blood Sugar with Gymnema - This is specifically for diabetes, hyperglycaemia and supports pancreas function. It contains Nopal leaves, which help lower blood glucose and insulin levels and can improve insulin's efficiency in moving glucose from the blood into the cells. This complements the action of Gymnema and bitter melon, whose combined action not only helps to lower blood sugar but can help regenerate the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Chromium Sugar Balance - A herbal combination of high dose gymnema and cinnamon, with alpha lipoic acid and chromium to assist carbohydrate metabolism and maintain healthy blood sugar levels. Bitter Melon - Bitter Melon contains a substance called charantin - an insulin-like peptide. Bitter Melon also contains lectins - non-digestible sugar-binding proteins which reduce the amount of sugar absorbed by the digestive system. Cinnamon Extract - Cinnamon has been used to help to improve blood glucose levels and insulin function in pre diabetics, diabetics and those with insulin resistance. Studies have confirmed the blood glucose controlling action of cinnamon. It contains constituents which do this by mimicking insulin, activating cellular insulin receptors & working with insulin in the cells to reduce blood sugar levels by up to 20%. Where the beneficial effects of gymnema are focused on sugar cravings and increasing insulin production, cinnamon works more at the cellular insulin receptor, improving insulin receptivity and cellular glucose and fat metabolism. Blood sugar Balance - A herbal and nutritional combination. Designed with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in mind. Perfect for those at risk of developing insulin resistance. The ingredients have been proven to have a positive effect of glucose and insulin metabolism. Contains chromium for healthy blood sugar regulation, cinnamon bark extract, green tea extract, grape seed extract and milk thistle extract for antioxidant protection and better blood sugar control, curcumin to help reduce inflammation and magnesium and zinc, important co factors in glucose and insulin regulation. Prevent, Treat and Reverse Diabetes is a nutritional handbook with guidelines for Type II diabetics. It was written by C. Leigh Broadhurst PhD. Stevia - A natural sweetener from Stevia rebaudiana. The Stevia herb or leaf, in its natural form, is approximately 10 to 15 times sweeter than common table sugar. Extracts of Stevia can range from 100 to 300 times sweeter than table sugar. And best of all, Stevia does not effect blood sugar metabolism. Some studies even report that Stevia reduces plasma glucose levels in normal adults. We stock Stevia in these forms - Liquid, Tablets for drinks and Sachets . We also have this Stevia Cookbook which gives you a lot of easy to make, every day recipes using mainly 100% Stevia extract powder. If you decide to try health supplements for helping with diabetes or blood sugar problems, it is vital you do this in conjunction with your health practitioner, as testing may show your medication dosage may need to be altered. At Ideal Health we stock a wide range of vitamin, mineral and herbal supplements that may help with diabetes, as well as many other health problem. Please phone and we will be happy to advise you. Leanne James Naturopath This information was collected from 'Insulin Resistance and Diabetes' published by Metagenics.
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Koji su dobri prirodni lijekovi za dijabetes? Dijabetes ili šećerna bolest jedna je od najraširenijih na svijetu. Očituje se u niskoj razini inzulina, hormona kojeg luči gušterača. Nedostatak inzulina u tijelu dovodi do prekomjernog nakupljanja šećera i škroba. Ako se razina inzulina ne provjerava može doći do grčeva pa i težih stanja. Zbog čega se i kako pojavi dijabetes tipa 1 ili dijabetes tipa 2? U normalnim fiziološkim uvjetima razinu glukoze u krvi određuje djelovanja inzulina, glukagona (oba predstavljaju hormone gušterače) i hormona rasta (kojeg luči hipofiza – žlijezda smještena u centralnom dijelu mozga). Koncentracija glukoze u krvi ovisi o međusobnim koncentracijskim odnosima tih hormona u organizmu. Glukoza koja se natašte nalazi u krvi nastaje procesom sinteze glukoze (glikogeneza) u jetri. Nakon obroka koncentracija glukoze u krvi poraste i tako povećana koncentracija aktivira lučenje inzulina. Taj hormon potiče ulazak glukoze u stanicu i njeno iskorištavanje. Na stanice jetre i mišića inzulin djeluje tako da u tim stanicama potiče nastanak glikogena (rezervnog šećera) iz glukoze. Ipak, nekada dolazi do poremećaja tih žlijezda, što dovede do niza zdravstvenih komplikacija. Dijabetes tipa 1 ili maloljetnički dijabetes nastaje zbog autoimune akcije u tijelu što dovodi do uništavanja stanica koje proizvode inzulin u gušterači. Simptomi tog tipa dijabetesa su često mokrenje, povećana žeđ i glad, umor te gubitak težine. Dijabetes tipa 2 poznatiji kao dijabetes odraslih očituje se u hiperglikemiji ili povećanoj razini glukoze u krvi. Taj oblik je blaži, ali rizik od kardiovaskularnih bolesti je povećan. Glavnim uzrokom ovom tipa smatra se pretilost, a simptomi su slični kod oba tipa. Najčešće se kao terapija koriste inzulinske injekcije i lijekovi. No, postoje i prirodni tretmani za šećernu bolest. Mnoge studije pokazale su da biljna terapija može pomoći u kontroli razine šećera u krvi. Sve više ljudi odlučuje se na takve, biljne lijekove kako bi kontrolirali svoj dijabetes. Donosimo vam nekoliko najboljih prirodnih lijekova. Aloe Vera – nadaleko je poznata po ljekovitim svojstvima, pomaže u reguliranju razine šećera. Također, štiti od komplikacija koje mogu nastati dijabetesom. Cimet – povećava osjetljivost na inzulin, malo količine cimeta mogu ne samo pomoći u kontroli dijabetesa, nego i u unapređenju zdravstvenog stanja. Zeleni čaj – osim sagorijevanja masti, smanjuje rizik od kardiovaskularnih bolesti te pomaže u regulaciji šećera u krvi. Bamija – superhrana za dijabetičare. Pomaže u regulaciji glukoze. Pržene sjemenke se odavno koriste kao lijek za dijabetes u nekim zemljama. Šećerna bolest može postati opasna ako se ne liječi i poduzima potrebne mjere opreza. Biljke mogu izliječiti sve simptome dijabetesa u odnosu na lijekove koji su zaduženi isključivo za reguliranje razine glukoze. Isto tako, prirodni lijekovi nemaju nuspojava, mogu se dodati prehrani, a za razliku od tableta, ne štete jetri. U svakom slučaju potrebno je najprije se konzultirati s liječnikom prije upotrebe biljaka kao terapije.