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Osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease or osteoarthrosis, is the most common form of arthritis. It occurs due to the breakdown of cartilage in joints, which causes the bones to rub against each other. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 27 million people in America have osteoarthritis. It usually develops between age 40 and 60. It primarily affects the weight-bearing joints like the knees, hips, spine, feet and back. At times, it may affect the neck and joints in the fingers and hands. Osteoarthritis is more common among women. Additional risk factors include previous joint injuries, weak thigh muscles, jobs that put excessive stress on a particular joint, bone deformities, obesity, genetics, diabetes, and complications of other types of arthritis. Symptoms often develop slowly and worsen over time. Common symptoms include joint pain during or after movement, joint stiffness (especially after waking up in the morning), joints feeling tender to the touch, loss of flexibility, a grating sensation in the joints when they are flexed, and bone spurs around affected joints. If not treated timely, the condition may cause significant disability, leading to knee and hip replacement surgeries. Fortunately, simple lifestyle changes and easy-to-follow home remedies can help you manage the symptoms and lead a pain-free life. Here are the top 10 home remedies for osteoarthritis. Exercise Exercise can help you deal with osteoarthritis symptoms. It will help you increase your endurance and strengthen the muscles around your joints. This in turn will improve mobility. Moreover, exercise will help you lose weight. - Try aerobic exercises like walking, biking or swimming for 30 minutes daily 5 times a week. - Do gentle weight training and resistance training a few times a week to build stronger muscles. - Do range-of-motion exercises at least 30 minutes daily. Avoid high-impact sports, which increase the risk of injury. If needed, get help from an expert to plan an exercise program that is suitable for your health condition and lifestyle. Hot and Cold Compresses You can use both hot and cold compresses to manage joint pain due to osteoarthritis. While a hot compress will help reduce pain and stiffness, a cold compress will lessen swelling and inflammation. - Prepare a hot compress by wrapping a hot water bottle in a thin towel. - Make a cold compress by wrapping a few ice cubes in a thin towel. - Put the hot compress on the affected joints for 2 to 3 minutes. - Replace it with the cold compress and leave that on for about 1 minute. - Repeat the process for 15 to 20 minutes a few times daily. Note: Depending upon your condition, you can also use these compresses separately. Massage Therapy Regularly massaging the affected areas will help reduce the intensity of pain, swelling and inflammation due to osteoarthritis. In addition, massage improves blood circulation and has a soothing impact on inflamed muscles. - Using gentle strokes, massage the affected areas with warm olive oil or coconut oil a few times daily. If massaging worsens the condition, stop doing it. - You can also prepare a massage oil with camphor and mustard oil. Add 10 grams of camphor to 1 cup of mustard oil and heat it on low for 5 minutes. Allow it to cool, then use it to massage the affected areas. - Another option is to mix equal amounts of wintergreen oil and eucalyptus oil and use it to massage the inflamed joints. As joints become sensitive due to osteoarthritis, be sure to massage gently or go to a professional massage therapist, if necessary. Apple Cider Vinegar Apple cider vinegar is also effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Its anti-inflammatory and alkaline-forming properties help reduce pain and stiffness in the joints. Moreover, it helps get rid of toxins stored in the joints. - Mix 1 teaspoon each of raw, unfiltered apple cider vinegar and honey in a glass of warm water. Drink it twice daily, preferably before eating your meal. - You can also mix together 1 tablespoon each of organic apple cider vinegar and extra-virgin olive oil. Use it to massage the affected joints a few times daily. Follow these remedies daily until the pain and inflammation are gone. Epsom Salt Another time-honored remedy for osteoarthritis is Epsom salt. Being a good source of magnesium, it helps reduce pain, swelling and inflammation. - Add 2 cups of Epsom salt to warm bath water. - Soak in it for 20 to 30 minutes. - Repeat 2 or 3 times a week for several weeks or until you get relief from your pain and inflammation. Note: Those who have kidney problems or diabetes must not use this remedy. Ginger Ginger is another excellent natural remedy for osteoarthritis. A 2001 study published in the journal Arthritis and Rheumatology found that highly purified ginger extract demonstrated a positive effect in reducing pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. This herb is rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that help reduce pain, swelling and inflammation. Moreover, ginger helps block COX-2, a chemical in the body that causes pain. - Drink 2 to 3 cups of ginger tea daily. To make the tea, grate a small piece of ginger root and boil it in a cup of water for 10 minutes. Strain and add a little honey. - You can also chew some fresh ginger slices daily or include dry or fresh ginger in your cooking. - You can even massage the affected areas with ginger oil a few times daily.
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Osteoartritis – uzroci, simptomi i liječenje Osteoartritis je najčešći oblik artritisa, koji pogađa mnoge ljude širom svijeta. Do njega dolazi kada se zaštitna hrskavica na krajevima kostiju istroši tijekom vremena. Premda kod osteoartritisa može biti oštećen bilo koji zglob u tijelu, on najčešće pogađa zglobove ruku, koljena, kukova i kralježnice. Osteoartritis se često postupno pogoršava, a lijek za njega ne postoji, no održavanjem zdrave težine i fizičkom aktivnošću, napredovanje osteoartritisa može se usporiti, a bol se može ublažiti. Simptomi osteoartritisa Simptomi kod osteoartritisa se često razvijaju polako i pogoršavaju s vremenom, a oni uključuju: - Bol u zglobovima - Ukočenost zglobova - Otečenost zglobova - Osjetljivost zglobova - Gubitak fleksibilnosti - Kvržice u zglobovima Kada posjetiti liječnika? Ako imate bolove u zglobovima ili mišićima koji traju više od nekoliko tjedana, napravite pregled kod svog liječnika. Uzroci osteoartritisa Hrskavica je tkivo koje pokriva površinu kostiju u zglobu. Ona omogućava kostima da glatko kližu jedna preko druge, te djeluje kao jastuk koji apsorbira energiju. Kod osteoartritisa, hrskavica se troši i na taj način izlaže kosti trenju što uzrokuje bol, oticanje i gubitak fleksibilnosti zglobova. Sljedeći faktori mogu povećati rizik od razvijanja osteoartritisa: - Dob – s godinama kosti postaju slabije, te više sklone oštećenju - Spol – žene su sklonije razvijanju osteoartritisa od muškaraca - Genetika – iako ne postoje dokazi, tendencija razvijanja osteoartritisa može biti genetski nasljedna - Pretilost – zbog stresa na kosti, koji se povećava s većom tjelesnom težinom, pretilost može doprinijeti razvoju osteoartritisa, osobito kod kukova i koljena - Ozljeda zgloba – traumatska ozljeda kosti, kao što je prijelom kosti, može dovesti do oštećenja hrskavice kao i do nepravilnog usklađivanja kostiju u zglobu - Bolesti – dijabetes i endokrini poremećaji, metaboličke bolesti kao što su Pagetova i Wilsonova bolest, prirođene abnormalnosti mišićno-koštanog sustava, te upalne bolesti kao što su giht, reumatski artritis i infekcija zgloba Liječenje osteoartritisa Ne postoji dovoljno poznat i učinkovit lijek za osteoartritis, no razni tretmani mogu pomoći u smanjenju boli i održavanju fleksibilnosti zglobova. Lijekovi Neki lijekovi mogu pomoći kod ublažavanja simptoma osteoartritisa kao što su: - Acetaminofen – pokazalo se kako je učinkovit za blagu i umjerenu bol kod osteoartritisa, no ne smanjuje upalu. Uzimanje više od preporučene doze acetaminofena može dovesti do oštećenja jetre. - Nesteroidni protuupalni lijekovi – mogu olakšati bol i smanjiti upalu. Najčešće su dostupni na recept, no ne preporučuju se osobama starijim od 65 godina i onima koji su imali ili imaju krvarenje u želucu jer mogu izazvati želučane smetnje, zujanje u ušima, kardiovaskularne probleme, krvarenje i oštećenje jetre i bubrega. Terapija kod osteoartritisa Najučinkovitija terapija kod osteoartritisa je vježbanje i postizanje zdrave tjelesne težine. Vaš liječnik vam može predložiti: - Fizikalnu terapiju – fizioterapeut vam može sastaviti individualni program vježbanja koji će ojačati mišiće i zglobove, povećati opseg pokreta i smanjiti bol. - Protezu i umetke – ovi uređaji mogu imobilizirati i podržati zglob kako bi se smanjio pritisak, također mogu pomoći u smanjenju boli u zglobovima. - Savjetovanje – vaš liječnik vam može predložiti savjetovanje s osobama koje također imaju osteoartritis. Tijekom savjetovanja s drugim ljudima, možete naučiti korisne trikove i savjete te njihove postupke kod smanjenja i suočavanja s boli u zglobovima. - Savjeti za olakšanje svakodnevice – vaš liječnik vas može savjetovati kako da si olakšate svakodnevicu. Na primjer, klupica u vašoj tuš kabini može pomoći ublažiti opterećenje zgloba tijekom tuširanja. Kirurški postupci Ako vam lijekovi ili terapije nisu bili od pomoći možda ćete htjeti uzeti u obzir postupke kao što su: - Artroplastika – zamjena zglobne površine s metalom ili plastikom. - Artrodeza – fuzija koštanih krajeva zgloba. - Hondroplastika – popravljanje hrskavice kosti. - Zamjena zgloba – zamjena kod oštećenog koljena ili kukova s umjetnim zglobovima. Prevencija kod osteoartritisa Redovita fizička aktivnost i zdrava prehrana može pomoći u kontroli tjelesne težine, a jedan od uzroka osteoartritisa je upravo pretilost. Prevenirajte vježbom koja odgovara vašoj razini snage i izdržljivosti jer vježbe koje uzrokuju jaku bol ili nelagodu mogu uzrokovati trajno oštećenje tijela. Izbjegavajte ponavljajući stres i pritidsk na zglobove, neprirodne pokrete ili aktivnosti, pogrešan položaj tijela ili prenapregnutost. Ovi simptomi su često svakodnevica kod velikog broja ljudi, no pokušajte pronaći individualno rješenje kako bi ih izbjegli. Čest uzrok osteoartritisa je prethodna ozljeda zgloba. Pokušajte maksimalno izbjegavati bilo kakvu ozljedu zgloba, a ako dođe do ozljede odmah posjetite liječnika i zatražite tretman. Renarthro Brzo zaustavlja bol u zglobovima. od 69 kn Zglobex mast Pomaže kod bolnih i ukočenih zglobova.