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PayPal ПoMoзиTe BaшoM дoHaциjoM JaдoBHo 1941. FOREWORD The contents and topics of “CHARON AND DESTINIES” are historical literature on the Second World War which was initiated by nationalist and fascist ideas based on domination through liberation of your own people and enslavement of other peoples, through genocide and confiscation of property. Talking about the camp on the island of Pag, founded by the Ustasha authorities of so-called Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna država Hrvatska – NDH), the book covers only the implementation of fascist Ustasha idea over Jews and Serbs in the first months of the persecution. The contents of the book do not cover the whole persecution over the territory of the war-time creation of NDH, but only gives details involving the Slana camp on Pag. The author announced book’s contents with its title. In the name of CHARON, the boatman from the ancient Greek mythology who transported the dead over the river Styx, the author saw the reality of people transported from the mainland to the island in 1941, from their past life into the future death, people marked only with a sign of different religion or idea, prisoners and inmates of Ustasha prisons and camps. It has been a long time since Charon transported the dead. But the DESTINY of this area, through Nazi and Ustasha “Legal provisions of the NDH”, decided on persecutions and exodus of people from their home soil and their death, turning our living neighbours, fellow citizens and villagers into the dead. This is where the first part of the title connects with the second, and Zemljar, through descriptions that these notions contain, shapes it into a book which, thus shaped, presents to us a part of historical events in 1941. The author, Professor Ante Zemljar writes his texts using simple words and even literary sentences and style bringing closer to us, without mitigating them, all the horrors and events of those dark days during several months of 1941 in the Slana area on Pag. While reading the material, taking into consideration both particular description of events and human destinies, and also historical and geographical descriptions and general contents, I felt the need and requested for this material to be published in the name of humanity, and for the sake of truthful and accurate reconstruction of these shocking events, so that this inhuman, twisted deeds are never repeated and always serve as warning should ever similar ideas appear. Ante Zemljar, as a person who is familiar and has witnessed some of the events, started the expert and historical work on the reconstruction all events relating to the Slana camp. He found and kept discovering statements given a long time ago. As he tried to collect all of them and tried to describe what had already been described or known, he was met with silence that produced gaps. In his further investigation he tells the reader how he faced a “wall of silence” or “deceptions”, and finally the destruction of documents which was started as early as August and September 1941 by people who founded the camp and destroyed its inmates and buildings, and later on continued by their accomplices until this very day. Instead of stopping, satisfying himself with what he had already discovered, as many people were before him, with written and verbal statements talking about the committed evil or statements hiding something and deceiving us given from 1946 onwards, faced with countless problem he continues to search, he doubts, checks and investigates the crime that needs to be made public for the sake of truth. In the way of the investigation lay the passing of time, the crime committed and almost forgotten, the shame seen, told and experienced and everything else that tries to deny this evil. The author is aware of that and writes about it, but continues to find people and documents, he gets new statements and finds new historical sources. When he realises he has nothing and nowhere else to look for he compiles texts, adds description and produces a book – a document on the Slana camp on Pag. The concept of the book is that of an investigative document covering statements, newspaper articles, documents and evildoers, and inviting more research. Events surrounding the Slana camp are now before readers and have become history. The reader is presented with geographical description of locations, first discussion in Pag on the location of the camp (out of sight but easily controlled), payment of transport from the mainland to the island and from the town to the camp, transport of camp inmates, their stay at the camp, possibilities and problems with building a camp, life of persecuted people, stories and legends of men and women from the camp, first deaths and first rescues. The book is a commemoration to the persecuted people and those killed in the war. While speaking about the camp and inmates the author talks also about geographical elements and economical factors in the town of Pag, but separates the crime from the local people and the area to which the Ustasha authorities gave and imposed the camp. The Pag islanders soon realised what the Ustasha authorities tried to achieve with their declared works – what sort of foundations did the camp inmates build with their bodies in the desolate area people call Slana. The people of Pag who were looking at the Ustasha camp, just like their neighbours from Rab who were looking at Italian camps being built, or people of Malok where also was a camp, never accepted that Nazi authority as their own. They were always looking forward to a future foretold by more progressive people from the islands, the future in which “principle” there was no room for a divide between people, but unity, brotherhood and equality. With statements of participants who are still alive, the book further on describes the way in which the still existing documents were created, documents which are used to describe history. Ante Zdjelar compares the memories of survivors with documents found in archives or with recorded old memories. In this “investigative document” is where the reader will find descriptions written down long ago, but only published recently (1985) in newspapers in series of articles on the Slana camp. Zemljar is creating a historical mosaic from all the statements, articles and descriptions. He confronts them and compares them before the reader and draws the truth from the confrontation between real facts and descriptions, or gives up on making conclusions, prevented with missing facts and the “wall of silence”. Throughout the book we feel two aspects, the first historical and confirmed, and the one based on descriptions also used to find out the truth. There is not a similar work amongst the books on Ustasha camps written and published here or in the world. This makes this book on war a unique one. It reads like a novel, so everything seems like a dream from another world and about other people and events. Everything is shocking, but the most shocking are documents written in the Slana camp by soldiers of the Italian occupying force. It is such a pity that these documents were made at the time when there were no more people left in the camp. The occupying force, its commission, examines, takes photographs of remains and describes crimes committed in Slana by Ustashas, their comrades and brothers in arms. At the same time there was an Italian camp on Rab for Jews and Slovenians. Are we ever going to find those testimonies and did Ustashas described Italian crimes? During his research, Zemljar found records in Italian archives on photographs of the destroyed camp, and later on found those photographs in unmarked museum photo archives. He adds those photographs to his book as documents of truth. To each photograph of a specific site in Slana taken at that time he adds one taken recently in order to show how the camp was destroyed in the same way how people and documents were. Zemljar adds to the book another two pieces of art: a poem dedicated to the persecuted people and a painting as a vision of the truth about evil. The clearest conclusion Zemljar makes is that this book does not finish the story on the Slana camp. There are still many leads and blanks. This book will initiate further research, because it incites interest. It will start initiatives to reconstruct what can be reconstructed, to compare what can be compared and to finally condemn what needs to be condemned. Professor Ruda Polšak PayPal ПoMoзиTe BaшoM дoHaциjoM JaдoBHo 1941. HaпoMeHa: ИзHeceHи koMeHTapи cy пpиBaTHa Mишљeњa ayTopa и He oдpaжaBajy cTaBoBe yГ JaдoBHo 1941. KoMeHTapи HeпpиkrлaдHor caдpжaja ћe биTи oбpиcaHи бeз yпoзopeњa.
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PayPal ПoMoзиTe BaшoM дoHaциjoM JaдoBHo 1941. PREDGOVOR Sadržaj i teme knjige »HARON I SUDBINE« spadaju u povijesnu literaturu o Drugom svjetskom ratu koga su potakle nacionalističko-fašističke ideje u čijim osnovama dominira uz oslobađanje svoga i porobljavanje drugih naroda, genocid te otuđivanje posjeda i imovine. Obrađujući logor na otoku Pagu, kojeg je osnovala ustaška vlast tzv. Nezavisne države Hrvatske, knjiga bilježi samo provođenje fašističkih ustaških ideja nad životima Židova i Srba u prvim mjesecima progona. Sadržaj knjige ne bilježi sveukupnost tih progona na teritoriju kojeg je obuhvatila ratna tvorevina NDH nego samo niže detalje oko logora Slana na Pagu. Autor je nazivom knjige najavio i njen sadržaj. U HARON-u, iz starogrčke Mitologije, imenu i osobi lađara koji je prevozio mrtve preko rijeke Stiks, našao je 1941. stvarnost prijevoza žitelja obilježenih samo znakom druge vjere ili ideje, zatvorenika i logoraša ustaških zatvora i logora, sa kopna na otok, na putu iz prošlosti života u buduću smrt. Haron je davno prevozio mrtvace. No, SUDBINA ovih krajeva odredila je nacističko-ustaškim »Zakonskim odredbama NDH« progone i izgone stanovništva s rodnoga tla, te smrt u preodgoju i time učinila mrtvacima i žive naše komšije i susjede, sugrađane i suseljane. I tu se drugi dio naslova veže s prvim, a Zemljar, to sve u opisima što sadrže ti pojmovi, oblikuju knjigom koja tek tako oblikovana daje dio povijesnih zbivanja u 1941. godini. Profesor Ante Zemljar, književnik piše tekstove u opisima jednostavnim riječima čak literarnim rečenicama i stilom i tako približuje ali ne ublažuje sve strahote sadržaja i zbivanja tih tmurnih dana ovih nekoliko mjeseci 1941. u predjelu Slana na Pagu. Čitajući predočeni materijal, uzimajući u obzir kako pojedina opisivanja zbivanja i događaje, ljudske sudbine, tako i tematske cjeline povijesne i geografske opise i opći sadržaj tražio sam i našao potrebu da se to objavi u ime humanosti, a radi što istinitije i vjerodostojnije rekonstrukcije potresnih događaja, da se nedjela ljudske izopačenosti u ideji življenja i ljudskosti nikad ne ponove, da uvijek opominju i da se u svojim začecima spriječe. Ante Zemljar je, kao poznavalac i svjedok nekih događaja započeo stručno-povijesni rad na opisu rekonstrukcije svih događaja o zbivanjima oko i u logoru Slana i našao i pronalazio vež davno dane izjave koje su kada ih je pokušao objediniti ili opisivati već opisano i znano ili, tko zna iz kojih pobuda, prešućivale znano i ostavljale praznine u kontinuitetu. On se tražeći dalje, što čitaocu otkriva, sukobio sa »zidom šutnje« ili »obmana« te napokon sa uništenjem dokumentacije koju su uništavajući ljude-logoraše i logorske nastambe započeli njegovi osnivači još kolovoza ili rujna 1941., a nastavili saučesnici u djelu i nedjelima do današnjeg dana. Umjesto da stane, zadovolji se načas kao i drugi prije njega sa prikupljenim, napisanim i danim izjavama od 1946. na dalje koje svjedoče o zlu, odnosno prikrivaju nešto, skrivaju ili obmanjuju –on nastavlja da traži, piše u knjizi kako traži, sumnja, provjerava i istražuje u bezbroju i bezdanu nevolja, zločin i nevolju koju zbog istine treba obdaniti. I vrijeme koje je već prošlo i zločin koji je učinjen i skoro zaboravljen i sramota koja je viđena, ispričana i doživljena i drugo što se od zla brani stoji na putevima istraživačkog rada. Svega toga autor je svjestan jer o svemu tome piše, ali nastavlja pronalaziti ljude i dokumente, dobiti nove izjave, naći nove povijesne izvore. Kad shvaća da nema što više i gdje tražiti sastavlja tekstove, pridodaje opise i stvara knjigu – dokumenat o logoru Slana na Pagu. Koncepcija i stvarni sadržaj knjige je dokument istrage nad izjavama, novinskim člancima, dokumentima i počiniocima zla, koji daje poticaje za nova istraživanja. Stvari i događaji oko zbivanja u logoru Slana sada se nalaze pred čitaocima i ulaze u povijesni tok. Pred čitaocima se redaju geografski opisi mjesta, prvi dogovori u samom Pagu oko izbora mjesta logora (da bude daleko od očiju a pod što većom kontrolom!), plaćanja prijevoza sa kopna na otok, iz mjesta u logor, transport logoraša, logorovanje prognanih i obespravljenih ljudi, mogućnosti i nemogućnsti izgradnje i bitisanja prognanih, priče i legende o ljudima i ženama logora, prve smrti i prva spašavanja. Pomen je to prognanim i poginulim u ratu. Govoreći o logoru i logorašima autor priča i o geografskim elementima i ekonomskim faktorima u mjestu Pagu, ali odvaja zločin od domaćih ljudi i kraja kome je ustaška vlast dala i nametnula logor. Otočani Paga ubrzo su shvatili što to ustaška vlast želi postići deklarirranim radovima – čije temelje svojim tijelima grade logoraši na pustom predjelu koga narod naziva Slana. Ni Pažani koji su gledali ustaški logor, ni njihovi susjedi Rabljani koji gledaju izgradnju talijanskih logora ni Maločani na čijem teritoriju je također bio logor, nisu nikada prihvatili te nacističke vlasti kao svoje. Gledali su uvijek dalje prema budućnosti koju su im pretskazivali napredni ljudi tih otoka, koja nije imala u svom »načelu« podjelu ljudi, nego jedinstvo, bratstvo i jednakost. Dalje se opisuju načini nastanka do danas zaostale dokumentacije u izjavama živih učesnika i dokumentacije kao izvornika za opis povijesti. Sjećanja preživjelih Ante Zdjelar uspoređuje sa pronađenom dokumentacijom po arhivima ili davno danim i napisanim sjećanjima. Tu će, dakle, čitalac, u ovom »dokumentu istrage« naći opise zapisane i napisane davno, a objavljene nedavno (1985) po novinama u vezi objavljivanja feljtona o logoru Slana, te izjavu napisanu u namjeri svoje obrane. Zemljar slaže povijesni mozaik od svih tih izjava, članaka, opisa. Kontrira ih pred čitaocem i uspoređuje i iz toga suprotstavljanja stvarnih i opisivanih činjenica Zemljar izvlači istinu ili odustaje od zaključaka jer ga je spriječila praznina kontinuiteta zbivanja ili »zid šutnje«. Diljem sadržaja knjige zato se osjećaju dva dijela, prvi historijski utvrđen i onaj dio opisa kojim se dolazi do historijskih činjenica i istine. O literaturi o ustaškim logorima koja je napisana i objavljena u nas a možda i u svijetu, nema sličnog rada, pa se i po tome izdvaja ova knjiga o ratu. Čita se kao roman, da doživljava danas kao san iz nekog drugog svijeta ljudi i zbivanja. Sve je potresno, no najpotresniji su dokumenti koje su u logoru Slana napisali i sačuvali talijanski okupatori. Šteta što su ti dokumenti načinjeni onda kada više u logoru nije bilo ljudi. Okupator, njegova komisija pregledava, fotografira ostatke i opisuje zločine ustaša, svoje braće i drugova u oružju, na teritoriji Slana. Na Rabu, u isto vrijeme postoji talijanski logor za Židovce i Slovence. Hoćemo li ikada naći te opise i da li su ustaše opisivali njihove zločine? Zemljar je u svom traganju našao zabilješku u talijanskim arhivima o foto-snimkama uništenog logora, pronašao te fotografije u nelegendiranoj muzejskoj arhivi fotografija. On i njih pridodaje svojoj knjizi kao dokument istine, ali, jer uz svaku onda snimljenu dodaje i današnju fotografiju tog istog mjesta ili dijela zemlje u Slanoj, pa pokazuje i uništenje logora fotografijom kao što priča i dokazuje o uništenju i ljudi i dokumenata. U sadržaj knjige A. Zemljar unosi još dvije umjetničke tvorevine: pjesmu posvećenu prognanima i umjetničku sliku kao viziju istine o zlu. Najjasniji je Zemljarov zaključak, da stranica ni s ovom knjigom neće biti završena o logoru Slano. Ostaje još puno tragova i praznina. Ova će knjiga inicirati daljnija istraživanja, jer pobeđuje interes, ona će pokrenuti inicijative da se na pomen rekonstruira ono što se još može rekonstruirati, da se usporedi ono što se usporediti može, da se napokon osudi ono što osuditi treba. Ruda Polšak, profesor PayPal ПoMoзиTe BaшoM дoHaциjoM JaдoBHo 1941. HaпoMeHa: ИзHeceHи koMeHTapи cy пpиBaTHa Mишљeњa ayTopa и He oдpaжaBajy cTaBoBe yГ JaдoBHo 1941. KoMeHTapи HeпpиkrлaдHor caдpжaja ћe биTи oбpиcaHи бeз yпoзopeњa.