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Pediactric Dentistry A child's primary teeth, sometimes called "baby teeth," are as important as the permanent adult teeth. Primary teeth typically begin to appear when a baby is between age six months and one year. Primary teeth help children chew and speak. They also hold space in the jaws for permanent teeth that are developing under the gums. The ADA recommends that a dentist examine a child within six months of the eruption of the first tooth and no later than the first birthday. A dental visit at an early age is a "well baby checkup" for the teeth. Besides checking for tooth decay and other problems, the dentist can demonstrate how to clean the child's teeth properly and how to evaluate any adverse habits such as thumbsucking. Taking Care of Your Child's Teeth Taking good care of your child's teeth is important because even "baby" teeth help your child chew food and speak clearly. Baby teeth also hold space so permanent teeth can grow in straight. If you start your child off with good dental habits, your child will find it easier to keep those good habits forever. How should I care for my child's teeth? You should start caring for your child's gums and teeth at birth. Gently wipe your baby's gums with a soft, wet cloth after each feeding. When baby teeth appear, start cleaning them with a soft, child-sized toothbrush twice a day. In children up to 4 years of age, use a small, pea-sized dab of children's fluoride toothpaste. It is important to use a small amount of toothpaste so your baby does not swallow too much of it. Swallowing too much fluoride toothpaste can cause spots on your child's teeth. What is fluoride? Fluoride helps make teeth strong and prevents tooth decay. If the water where you live does not have enough fluoride, your doctor may prescribe fluoride supplements (fluoride drops or pills). You would give these drops or pills every day, starting when your child is about 6 months old. Only give as much as the directions say to use, because too much fluoride can cause spots on your child's teeth. When should I start taking my child to the dentist? Take your child for a first dental visit within six months of the first baby tooth and by no later than the first birthday. This gives the dentist a chance to look for early tooth problems and to talk to you about how to care for your baby's teeth. It also helps your child feel okay in the dentist's office. What is "baby-bottle" tooth decay? Babies who go to bed with a bottle of milk, formula or juice are more likely to get tooth decay. Because the sugar in formula, milk or juice stays in contact with the teeth for a long time during the night, the teeth can decay quickly. Here are some tips to avoid baby-bottle tooth decay: • Put your child to bed with a bottle of plain water, not milk or juice. • Stop nursing when your child is asleep or has stopped sucking on the bottle. • Try not to let your child walk around using a bottle of milk or juice as a pacifier. • Start to teach your child to drink from a cup at about 6 months of age. Plan to stop using a bottle by 12 to 14 months at the latest. • Don't dip your child's pacifier in honey or sugar. Tooth Development Teeth vary in size, shape and their location in the jaws. These differences enable teeth to work together to help you chew, speak and smile. They also help give your face its shape and form. At birth people usually have 20 primary (baby) teeth, which often erupt about six months of age. They are then shed at various times throughout childhood. By age 21, all 32 of the permanent teeth have usually erupted. When teeth come through the gums, it can make your baby cross. The gum may be swollen where the tooth is coming in. You can ease the pain by rubbing the gums gently with your finger, letting your child chew on a teething ring or using a pacifier. How does diet affect my child's teeth? Healthy eating habits lead to healthy teeth. Give your child a variety of foods. Sweets (candy or cookies), starchy foods (crackers) and sticky foods (raisins) stay in the mouth longer, so they can easily cause tooth decay. If your child wants a snack between meals, offer fruits or vegetables. They're better for growing teeth. Is thumb-sucking bad for my child's teeth? It is normal for children to suck their thumbs, their fingers or pacifiers. Most children give up this habit on their own by the time they are 4 years old and do no harm to their teeth. If your child still has a sucking habit after age 4, tell your dentist. Your dentist can watch for problems as the teeth grow. In most children, there is no reason to worry about a sucking habit until the child is 5 or 6 years old, when the permanent teeth start to come in.
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Foto: Shutterstock IAKO će mliječni zubi vašega djeteta trajati samo nekoliko godina, i njihovo je zdravlje važno. Održavanju dentalne higijene stoga treba pristupiti već od najranije dobi u kojoj se stječu navike pranja i pregleda s kojima treba dočekati trajne zube. Savjete o higijeni dječjih zubi objavila je Američka akademija pedijatara. Od rođenja do šest mjeseci starosti Normalno je da se prvi zubi počnu pojavljivati bilo kada između tri i 12 mjeseci starosti, iako u prosjeku počnu nicati kada dijete navrši šest mjeseci. Zubi se oblikuju još u maternici, tako da vitamini koje uzimate u trudnoći utječu i na djetetove zube. U tom razdoblju možete djetetu obrisati desni vlažnom krpicom ili gazom. Na mjestu gdje će zub uskoro niknuti možete primijetiti promjenu boje desni ili zadebljanje, što nije ništa zabrinjavajuće. Prije nego što zub proviri, na desni se može pojaviti rupica u kojoj se mogu nastaniti bakterije i uzrokovati kvar zuba. Kada se zubić pojavi, možete ga čistiti vlažnom krpicom ili dječjom četkicom, bez paste, samo s malo vode. Učinite to nakon prvog jutarnjeg obroka vašeg djeteta te nakon zadnjeg večernjeg. Zubara se preporučuje posjetiti oko šest mjeseci nakon pojave prvoga zuba. TEKST SE NASTAVLJA ISPOD OGLASA Od šest do 12 mjeseci starosti Vaše će dijete do prvoga rođendana vjerojatno imati između dva i osam zubi koji će izrastati ovim redoslijedom: donje jedinice, gornje jedinice, donje dvojke. U tom se razdoblju dječji zubići, ako gusto rastu, mogu čistiti koncem za zube koji koriste i odrasli. Ako dijete ima tegobe tijekom nicanja prvih zubi, možete mu ponuditi ohlađenu grickalicu za zube, nježno masirati desni gazom i pamučnom krpom ili, u ekstremnim slučajevima, potražiti pomoć liječnika. Preporučljivo je već u toj dobi prvi put posjetiti stomatologa kako bi se dijete s njim upoznalo i izgradilo povjerenje. Od njega ćete dobiti i korisne savjete o dječjoj dentalnoj higijeni. Od 12 do 18 mjeseci starosti Ako vam dijete do 15 mjeseci starosti nema još ni jedan zub, tražite od pedijatra ili stomatologa da mu pregleda desni. On će napipati krije li se ispod površine zub koji ima problema s nicanjem te će vam savjetovati kako dalje postupiti. Djeca nerijetko nakon nicanja počnu škripati zubima. Čine to zato što upoznaje svoje tijelo pa su mu svi zvukovi koje može proizvesti vrlo zanimljivi, ali ponekad i kada su nezadovoljna pa u tom slučaju provjerite je li vaš mali škripavac možda umoran, ili mu je prehladno, pretoplo i sl. U toj dobi već možete privikavati dijete na mekanu četkicu za zube na koju možete i ne morate staviti pastu. Ako stavljate, izaberite dječju, bez fluora. Pomozite djetetu pri četkanju. Najprije mu zube operite vi, a potom pustite da se samo igra i četka po svom. Ako još niste posjetili stomatologa, sada je definitivno vrijeme za to. Saznat ćete mnoštvo novih informacija o zdravlju dječjih zubi, a stomatolog djetetu može premazati zubiće zaštitnim premazom.