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Gluten-Free Diet Why Do People Follow This Diet? Celiac disease (also called gluten enteropathy) is a disorder of the small intestine characterized by sensitivity to gluten. In people with celiac disease, eating gluten causes inflammation in and damage to the lining of the small intestine, resulting in diarrhea, malabsorption, fat in the stool, and nutritional and vitamin deficiencies. A gluten-free diet is the primary treatment for celiac disease. Strict avoidance of wheat, barley, and rye (the three most abundant sources of gluten) usually improves gastrointestinal symptoms within a few weeks, although in some cases improvement may take many months. People with celiac disease must remove all gluten-containing foods from their diets in order to relieve symptoms. Following a gluten-free diet has been shown to reduce the incidence of cancer, low bone mineral density, and infertility in persons with celiac disease. People with dermatitis herpetiformis may benefit from following a gluten-free diet. The cause of dermatitis herpetiformis is mainly an allergic-type reaction. Gluten-sensitivity enteropathy is found in 75 to 90% of people with dermatitis herpetiformis. Unlike celiac disease, however, gastrointestinal symptoms are mild or absent. Strict adherence to a lifelong gluten-free diet can eliminate dermatitis herpetiformis symptoms and intestinal abnormalities, as well as reduce or eliminate the need for medication in most people. However, an average of 8 to 12 months of dietary restriction may be necessary before symptoms resolve. Not all people with dermatitis herpetiformis improve on a gluten-free diet. Preliminary studies indicate sensitivity to other dietary proteins may be involved. Anecdotal evidence suggests that people with psoriasis may improve on a hypoallergenic diet. Three trials have reported that eliminating gluten (as found in wheat, rye, and barley) improved psoriasis for some people. A doctor can help people with psoriasis determine whether gluten or other foods are contributing to their skin condition. Preliminary evidence suggests that a gluten-free diet may help improve symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. In one trial, 14 weeks of a gluten-free (no wheat, rye or barley), pure vegetarian diet, gradually changed to a lactovegetarian diet (permitting dairy), led to significant improvement in rheumatoid arthritis as evidenced by associated symptoms as well as by objective laboratory measures of disease. HIV enteropathy, a complication of AIDS that is characterized by weight loss and chronic diarrhea, may respond to a gluten-free diet. In a preliminary trial, men with HIV enteropathy experienced a reduction in the number of episodes of diarrhea as well as significant weight gain while following a gluten-free diet. For many years, researchers have been speculating that certain dietary proteins, including gluten, may contribute to the symptoms of schizophrenia. People with schizophrenia are more likely to have immune-system reactions to gluten than the general population, according to some studies. While clinical research findings have been inconsistent, some, but not all, people with schizophrenia may benefit from a gluten-free (and dairy-free) diet. Symptoms Individuals who are sensitive to gluten may have the following symptoms: - Abdominal cramping and pain - Bloating and flatulence - Bone and joint pain - Canker sores - Chronic diarrhea - Delayed growth or short stature - Dyspepsia - Emotional disturbances, such as anxiety and depression - Fatigue - Infertility - Painful skin rash - Weight loss Copyright © 2018 Healthnotes, Inc. All rights reserved. www.healthnotes.com Learn more about Healthnotes, the company. The information presented by Healthnotes is for informational purposes only. It is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. Self-treatment is not recommended for life-threatening conditions that require medical treatment under a doctor's care. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over the counter medication is also available. Consult your doctor, practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problem and before using any supplements or before making any changes in prescribed medications. Information expires December 2018.
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Prehrana bez glutena – trend ili potreba? Žitarice su sastavni dio uravnotežene prehrane te čine temelj piramide pravilne prehrane. U skupinu žitarica pripadaju pšenica, ječam, raž, zob, riža, kukuruz i proso, a sve te žitarice i njihovi proizvodi su dio tradicionalne hrvatske prehrane. Uz navedene tradicionalne žitarice, nutricionisti sve češće preporučuju korištenje pseudožitarica – poput heljde, amaranta i kvinoje jer sadrže kvalitetne aminokiseline te su bogate mikronutrijentima. Danas se žitarice i njihovi proizvodi sve češće povezuju s pojmom gluten pa se očekivano postavlja pitanje što on zapravo jest. Gluten je protein koji se nalazi u pšenici, raži, ječmu i zobi. Danas znamo da je gluten, zajedno s genskom predispozicijom, pozitivnim imunološkim odgovorom i okolišnim čimbenicima, uzrok pojavi celijakije. Celijakija, ili glutenska enteropatija, je doživotni autoimuni poremećaj, a karakterizira ga teško oštećenje sluznice tankog crijeva te je trenutno jedini znanstveno dokazani oblik njenog liječenja stroga doživotna bezglutenska prehrana. Kako je danas svijest o važnosti pravilne prehrane i povezanosti hane sa zdravljem sve veća, ne čudi trend uvođenja bezglutenske prehrane kod dijela populacije koja ne boluje od celijakije ili bolesti povezanih s glutenom (intolerancija i alergija). Zbog uvriježenog mišljenja da provođenje bezglutenske prehrane može utjecati na smanjenje tjelesne mase kao i na zdravlje općenito, nije rijetkost da se zdrave osobe priklanjaju prehrambenim obrascima za koje vide da se preporučuju u liječenju određenih bolesti, iako ih sami nemaju potrebe provoditi. Posljednja znanstvena istraživanja ukazuju na to da je u osoba koje provode bezglutensku prehranu ukupan energetski unos manji od preporučenog i da veći udio energije dolazi od masti i proteina, a manji iz ugljikohidrata. Navode, također, i da je jedan od čimbenika neuravnoteženosti takve prehrane prekomjeran unos zasićenih masnih kiselina te manji unos prehrambenih vlakana, što je jasno budući da bezglutenska prehrana podrazumijeva smanjene unosa žitarica i njihovih proizvoda čak i kod djece i adolescenata. Istraživanje Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence – HELENA, provedeno na populaciji djece i adolescenata u dobi od 12,5 – 17,5 godina, potvrđuje važnost konzumacije doručka te unosa žitarica i njihovih proizvoda u sklopu prvog obroka u danu. Rezultati su pokazali da djeca i adolescenti koji doručkuju žitarice, u odnosu na one koji doručkuju druge oblike obroka, redovitije konzumiraju prvi obrok u danu te imaju veći unos vlakna i mikronutrijenata. Osim toga, djeca i adolescenti koji redovito konzumiraju žitarice za doručak imaju pravilniji rast i razvoj, a u kasnijoj dobi manji indeks tjelesne mase. U tim slučajevima uvođenje bezglutenskih žitarica i pseudožitarica poput heljde, kukuruza, prosa, riže, siraka, kvinoje i amaranta u prehranu može biti korisno za postizanje adekvatnog nutritivnog statusa, no ovakva prehrana mora biti dobro isplanirana. U ovom trenutku postoji malo dokaza koji ukazuju na značajne zdravstvene koristi bezglutenske prehrane među pojedincima koji nisu oboljeli od celijakije ili nemaju alergiju na gluten. Potrebno je još mnogo istraživanja kako bi se dokazala korist bezglutenske prehrane prilikom liječenja drugih medicinskih stanja, poput dermatitisa herpetiformisa, sindroma iritabilnog crijeva te neuroloških i autoimunih bolesti. Bitno je naglasiti da u zdravih osoba sva hrana može biti dio pravilne prehrane ako se konzumira u umjerenim količinama. Autor: dipl.ing.preh.teh. Tena Niseteo, Klinički nutricionist Saznajte više o bezglutenskoj prehrani u sljedećim tekstovima: - Jesu li proizvodi bez glutena zdraviji? - Hrskavi keksi bez glutena od badema čokolade i kokosa - Recept za zdravi kruh bez glutena - Recept za zdrave Cake Pops lizalice bez glutena - Saznajte gdje kupiti kruh bez glutena - Paleo prehrana: Recept za voćne tortice bez glutena i ugljikohidrata - Recept za zdravi sladoled od banane, malina i kupina - Bez glutena, laktoze i šećera – nužnost, hir ili prehrambena hipohondrija? - Pinjoli – otkud dolaze i gdje ih kupiti - Kolači bez brašna – idealni deserti za ljeto