http___www.jelsa-heritage.com_hr_about_1.xml
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The historical structure of Jelsa was shaped in the Middle Ages at the site of Glavica near the Church of Our Lady next to the coast at a spring of water. This description has been preserved in the Hvar Statute of 1331 (…ad fontem vocatum Jelsa, qui est prope mare salsum…). Not far from the Church of Our Lady and near the Church of St. Ivan houses were built in the 15th century, and right at the end of that century they were built on the western side where the Church of St. Rocco is located, framing the space of the southern portion of the bay called Vela Banda. The northern side of the bay, known as Mala Banda, began to be developed in the 15th century next to the Church of St. Mihovil. The preserved assemblage was completed in the 18th century, but it experienced a particular blossoming, when because of the renovation of the port in the mid-19th century, the swamp between Vela and Mala Banda was drained and in 1871 the most beautiful formal gardens in Dalmatia were laid out. Access to the sea from the port is naturally protected from the southern side by the Gradina Peninsula once surrounded by a wall with a total circumference of 800 meters, within which there were six and a half hectares of space. Access to the peninsula is still closed today by a preserved wall that is 172 meters long, 1.3 meters wide and whose height in some places can reach three meters. Some researchers think that the entire fortified area of the Gradina Peninsula is most probably the old fortified settlement of Jelsa – Civitas vetus Ielsae – from the medieval Hvar Statute. An Augustinian monastery with a church was built within the walls of the Gradina Peninsula in 1605. It was granted permission to celebrate Mass in 1611. Within the court of the monastery are buried members of the great brotherhood of Our Lady of Consolation. Deconsecration of the church and monastery at the end of the 19th century led to the beginning of its fall into disrepair, however, only the brotherhood remained, which was abolished in 1807. With the expansion of the municipal cemetery in 1950, the monastery began to be torn down, while the church was renovated and reconstructed in 1867. How impressive the ancient and medieval history was in the area of today's district of Jelsa can be shown by a description of its monuments at the beginning of the 16th century in the book De origine suceessibusque Slavorum of the Croatian Dominican Vinko Pribojević printed in Venice in 1532. With this place about which I speak, two other places on the coast, which are daily being more developed, are competing with the ruins of the palace and the temple (Jelsa and Vrboska)... Even today among the hills there is an almost intact wall (Gališnik) rising above the city, which took up the eastern part of the field. At the range of a bow shot there is the tower (Tor) of four angled stone of an unusual size with a single narrow entrance, which because of its age no trace of plaster can be seen. It is interesting that even today the architectural remains in the immediate vicinity of Jelsa are very visible. Integrated into the Mediterranean ambience with the place itself it is a mirror of a preserved cultural landscape from ancient times. The abundance of water and the fertile field, where even today workers use the ancient roads and the remains of Roman villas, represent a unique cultural area on the island, settled so long ago in prehistory. South of Jelsa – about a 30-minute walk – an old road rises toward imposing buildings with unique monuments that have been preserved from prehistory to medieval times. To the west is the well-known ancient tower of Tor, erected at the end of the 4th century BCE. Not far from Tor, at the range of a bow shot, as Pribojević would say, is the fortress of Gališnik, the beginnings of whose fortifications reach back to late antiquity. Because of its unique position and architecture Gališnik is also mentioned when determining the border of the territory of the medieval district: Confines territorii …eundo per filum ad Castrum Vetus, quod vocatur Galicnich. — Municipality of Jelsa Photo by Juloml, Hvar Jelsa, 2006, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelsa#/media/File:Hvar_Jelsa.jpg
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Povijesna struktura Jelse oblikovala se još u srednjem vijeku i to na položaju Glavica kod crkve sv. Marije uz samu obalu mora na izvoru vode, a ovaj opis sačuvan nam je zapisan još u Hvarskom statutu 1331. godine (…ad fontem vocatum Jelsa, qui est prope mare salsum…). Nedaleko do sv. Marije u okolišu sv. Ivana grade se kuće u XV. stoljeću, a pred sam konac i na zapadnoj strani gdje je crkva sv. Roka, uokvirujući prostor južnog dijela uvale nazvan Vela Banda. Sjeverna strana uvale poznata kao Mala Banda počinje se formirati krajem XV. st. uz crkvu sv. Mihovila. Sačuvana aglomeracija zaokružuje se u XVIII. st., ali osobito doživljava svoj procvat, kada se zbog uređenja luke polovinom XIX st. isušuje močvara između Vele i Male Bande, te na njenom mjestu 1871. godine nastaje najljepši perivoj u Dalmaciji. Prilaz morem u luku prirodno je zaštićen s istočne strane poluotokom Gradina nekad opasan zidom opsega od ukupno 800 m, unutar kojeg je bilo 6 i pol hektara prostora. Pristup na poluotok je zatvoren i danas sačuvanim zidinama dužine 172 m, debljine 1,30 m, visine mjestimice i do 3 m. Neki istraživači smatraju se da je čitavi fortificirani prostor poluotoka Gradine najvjerojatnije ono staro utvrđeno naselje Jelse – Civitas vetus Ielsae iz srednjovjekovnog hvarskog Statuta. Unutar zidina poluotoka Gradina gradi se 1605. godine samostan Augustinaca sa crkvom, kojoj je dozvola celebriranja udijeljena 1611. godine. Unutar dvora samostana pokapaju se članovi velike bratovštine Gospe od Cinture. Razvlaštenje crkve i samostana krajem 19. stoljeća prouzrokovalo je početak njenog rušenja, međutim ostaje samo bratovština ukinuta 1807. godine. Proširivanjem mjesnog groblja 1950. počinje se rušiti samostan, dok se crkva obnavlja i rekonstruira 1867. godine. Koliko je bila impresivna antička i srednjovjekovna povijest na prostoru današnje općine Jelsa, ukazuje opis njenih monumentalnih spomenika početkom 16. st., u knjizi „De origine suceessibusque Slavorum“ hvarskog dominikanca Vinka Pribojevića, tiskane u Veneciji 1532. godine. S tim mjestom o kojem govorim, natječu se u ruševinama palača i hramova druga dva mjesta na morskoj obali, koji se danomice sve više razvijaju (Jelsa i Vrboska)... Još i danas postoji među brdima gotovo neoštećena gradina (Gališnik) dižući se nad gradom, koji je zapremao istočni dio polja. Na domet strijele od nje nalazi se kula (Tor) od četverouglastog kamenja neobične veličine s jednim uskim ulazom, na kojoj se zbog starine ne vidi nikakav trag žbuke. Zanimljivo je da su i danas jako dobro vidljivi ostaci arhitekture u neposrednoj blizini Jelse. Uklopljeni u mediteranski ambijent sa samim mjestom, zrcalo su sačuvanog kulturnog krajolika još do antičkih vremena. Obilje vode te plodno polje gdje se i danas težaci koriste antičkim putovima, uz ostatke rimskih vila rustika, prezentiran je jedinstveni kulturni prostor na otoku, naseljavan u dalekoj prapovijesti. Južno od mjesta Jelsa, svega 30 – tak minuta hoda, uspinje se starim putem prema impozantnim zdanjima jedinstvenim spomenicima sačuvanog graditeljstva od prapovijesti do srednjeg vijeka. Zapadno je poznata antička kula Tor podignuta krajem 4 st. pr. K., uz zidine gradine iz željeznog doba. Nedaleko od Tora na domet strijele je kako to veli Pribojević utvrđenje Gališnik, čiji početci fortifikacije sežu još iz kasne antike. Također zbog svog specifičnog položaja i arhitekture Gališnik se spominje i kod određivanja granica općinskog srednjovjekovnog teritorija: Confines territorii …eundo per filum ad Castrum Vetus, quod vocatur Galicnich. — Općina Jelsa Photo by Juloml, Hvar Jelsa, 2006, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelsa#/media/File:Hvar_Jelsa.jpg