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Mljet Mljet is an elongated island, with an average width of 3 km, 37 km long. It is an Island of great diversity and contrast, and "Mljet" National Park covers his northwestern part with an area of 5.375 ha of protected land and surrounding sea. This area was proclaimed as national park 11 November 1960 and represents the first institutionalized attempt to protect an original ecosystem in the Adriatic. Mljet National Park has been proclaimed as an area of special interest for the following reasons: • Its unique panoramic landscape of well intended coastline, cliffs, reefs and numerous islands, as well as the rich topography of the nearby hills, which rise steeply above the sea and hide numerous ancient stone villages. Mljet's outer coastline is exposed to the south sea and is therefore steep and full of "garmas" collapsed caves. The inner coastline faces the mainland and is exposed to the "bura", a strong northeasterly wind, but is less elevated with easier access. • The salt lakes are a unique geological and oceanographic phenomenon of worldwide importance. They originated approximately 10,000 years ago and, until the Christian era, they were freshwater lakes. Some endemic Dalmatian plants can only be found on the rocky coast of the island. A beautiful endemic plant, named Dubrovačka Zečina is the best representative of them all. • The Mediterranean karst landscape hides two natural specialties. The first are typical karst underground habitats: half-caves, caves and pits. The other specialty is Mljet's "blatine", which are rare occurrences of brackish lakes, which vanish from time to time. There is life in the lakes, but we know very little about it today apart from the fact that people have caught eels and marsh birds in them for centuries. • Beautiful, rich forests once covered large areas of the Mediterranean Coast, but they are rarely preserved today as beautifully as they are on Mljet. The woods on Mljet gently descend all the way to thesurface of the lakes, thus creating animage of unspoiled nature. • The little isle of St. Mary in the Great Lake, with an ancient Benedictine monastery and a church dating from 12th century. The small island is the symbol of the entire island, because of its exceptional aesthetic image and strong cultural and spiritual dimension. • Polače site, a cultural and historic complex consisting of the remains of a Roman Palace with fortifications and ancient Christian basilica nesting in a sheltered bay. • An exceptional cultural and historical heritage dating back to the eras of the Illirian tribes, the Roman Empire and the Republic of Dubrovnik. Today, Mljet Island is characterized by stable human settlement living in complete harmony with nature. The world-renowned Lakes of Mljet consist of the Great Lake, covering an area of 145 ha, with a maximum depth of 46 m. The Small Lake has an area of 24 ha and a maximum depth of 29 m. The natural secrets of both lakes have attracted many scientists over the years, as well as other nature lovers from a wide range of professions and personal interests. The rich vegetation of the island, especially in the area of the national Park, explains why Mljet is also known as the Green Island. Today, there are five types of forest on Mljet, including the remains of a Mediterranean primeval forest, although the original Holm Oak forest is only found in fragments. The best preserved of these are in the area of the Great Valley. It has been replaced with dense maquis, karst and spacious forests of fast-growing Alpine pines which tend to dominate the vegetation. Besides the forests, there are other areas of biological interest: sand dunes on the coast, high, steep coastal cliffs, as well as cliffs further inland, and, finally, the vegetation on the reefs. Mljet's fauna is particularly friendly because there are no poisonous snakes (e.g. horned viper) thanks to the introduction of the Indian Mongoose, which wiped them out. Five species of snakes and six species of lizards have been registered on the island to date. Mljet's largest daylight bird predator, the Snake eagle, feeds on snakes and lizards. There are also many song-birds, as well as several species of birds in the forest that do not normally live on the Adriatic islands. The Grey Dormouse can also be found, although its survival is threatened by the Mediterranean Rat. The few cultivated fields are governed by the wild boar, another recent inhabitant of the island. The seas off Mljet are renowned as an oceanologically active area, and were once a favourite abode of the Mediterranean Seal. The National Park Management hopes to re-establish the kind of protected conditions that will enable this seal to return. It is quite obvious to connoisseurs of history that the area of today's national park has played an important historical role since ancient times, when Illirian tribes lived there in stone villages and left stone graves as landmarks of their culture. During the Roman period, the island was mentioned in a number of written documents. The most valuable remains from that period are of a Roman settlement in Polače from the 1st century, as well as more recent basilicas and fortifications in Polače. There are also several hydro-archaeological sites which demonstrate that the island once enjoyed a very rich economic life. Since the eight century, the central part of the island has been populated by Croats from the area of the River Neretva. Benedictine priests became the feudal masters of the island in the mid 12th century, building their monastery and the church on the island in the middle of the Great Lake. In the year 1345, the island's inhabitants and monks agreed that the people were no longer required to work in the fields but would, instead, pay an annual tax of 300 Hiperpers to the monastery. Since then, the monastery has been the cultural, religious and political centre of the island. The Benedictine monks allowed people to inhabit the area of today's National Park until as late as the 19th century. This was the period in which Goveđari, an ethnologically and architecturally interesting village, first developed by cattle-breeders (as its name implies - "Govedo" is the Croatian word for cattle). During Napoleons's rule, the Benedictine order was abolished. Towards the end of the 19th century and in the early years if the 20th century, Austria tried to improve life on the island, employing foresters to take better care of the natural environment. Unfortunately, a big forest fire in 1917 destroyed much of the old forest and its subsequent restoration took a long time to achieve. Today population is mainly live from agriculture growing grapes and olives, and tourism that enabled the development of new villages along the coast. The inhabitants of Mljet Island are the only Croatian islanders to speak the "ijekavian" dialect. There are country roads from Polače and Pomena to both the Great Lake and the Small Lake. Visitors who come on organized one-day trips must stay with the group and route, while individual visitors may visit the park as they wish - as long as they comply with National Park regulations. What does it mean uv-k ? Unterkunftsvermittlung Kroatien - Croatian Accommodation Portal Why book online at Jumpmantours ?? • Jumpmantours is one of the largest provider of accommodation in Croatia: holiday apartments, holiday houses, hotels, holiday resorts, country houses, robinson houses • choose from over 3500 objects in Croatia suitable accommodation for your next vacation • by using the Search & Book function you will find fast and easy your favourites • objects and prices can be compared in your personally choosed favourites • special online prices for all accommodation with price guarantee • professional advice before and after the booking • personal-care in each resort through our partner agencies • thousand of satisfied guests each year
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Mljet Mljet je naoko nerazvedeni izduženi otok, širok prosječno 3 km, a dugačak 37 km. Prirodoslovno to je otok osebujnosti i kontrasta, a Nacionalni park "Mljet" zauzima njegov sjeverozapadni dio, koji se proteže područjem od 5.375 hektara zaštićenog kopna i okolnog mora. To je područje 11. studenoga 1960. Godine proglašeno nacionalnim parkom i predstavlja prvi institucionalizirani pokušaj zaštite izvornog ekosustava u Jadranu. Nacionalni park "Mljet" proglašen je područjem posebne namjene poradi: • Jedinstvenog panoramskog izgleda razvedenih obala, klifova, hridina i brojnih otočića, te bogate ortografije okolnih brda što se strmo izdižu iznad morske površine zaklanjajući brojna kraška polja i drevna naselja u kamenu. Njegova vanjska obala, otvorena južnom moru, strma je i puna "garma" - urušenih pećina. Obala okrenuta kopnu i buri niža je i pristupačnija; • Sustava slanih jezera što predstavljaju jedinstveni geološki i oceanografski fenomen u kršu, značajan u svjetskim razmjerima. Ova dva jedinstvena morska jezera, bila su prvotno, oko 10.000 godina, slatkovodna, negdje sve do početka kršćanske ere. Jedino na obalnim stijenama nalaze se endemične dalmatinske biljke, s ljepoticom, dubrovačkom zečinom na čelu; • U pitomom mediteranskom kraškom krajoliku doslovno skrivenih dviju prirodoslovnih osobitosti. Jedna osobitost su tipična kraška podzemna staništa: polušpilje, špilje i jame, a druga su mljetske "blatine", na našim otocima rijetke pojave povremenih boćatih jezera koja povremeno presušuju. O njihovom živom svijetu danas još uvijek znamo malo. Poznato je samo da se u njima stoljećima lovilo jegulje i močvarne ptice budući su povezana morem. • Lijepo razvijenog bogatog šumskog pokrova što je donedavna prekrivao velike površine obala Mediterana, a danas se rijetko kao ovdje zadržao u svom izvornom obliku. Na području mljetskih jezera šuma se spušta do samih obala, stvarajući ugođaj netaknute prirode. • Otočića Svete Marije sred Velikog jezera s drevnim benediktinskim samostanom i crkvom koji datiraju iz 12. stoljeća. Otočić je poradi svog izuzetnoga estetskoga ugođaja i snažne duhovno-kulturne dimenzije svojevrsni simbol otoka i Nacionalnog parka "Mljet". • Lokaliteta Polače kao sklopa kulturno-povijesnih znamenitosti s rimskom palačom i fortifikacijskim sklopom, te starokršćanskim bazilikama uklopljenim u živopisan, od vjetrova zaštićeni zaljev. • Izuzetne kulturno-povijesne baštine, koja u neprekinutom slijedu od vremena ilirskih plemena, rimskog carstva, Dubrovačke republike, doseže sve do današnjih dana života suvremenoga čovjeka koji je ovdje stvorio stabilne uvjete života u suglasju s netaknutom prirodom. Fenomen sustava jezera proslavio je otok Mljet širom svijeta. Veliko jezero površine 145 hektara, te dubine do 46 metara i Malo jezero površine 24 hektara i dubine do 29 metara, svojim tajnama privlače prirodoslovce, te i druge znatiželjnike i zaljubljenike u prirodu različitih profesionalnih i osobnih usmjerenja. Bujna vegetacija otoka, poglavito područja Nacionalnog parka, pribavila je Mljetu atribut "zelenog otoka". Danas na Mljetu raste čak pet različitih tipova šuma. Ostaci mediteranske prašume, izvorne šume crnike, prisutni su samo fragmentarno, a najbolje su očuvani kao niska šuma panjača u predjelu Velika dolina. U drugim područjima ta je šuma nadomještena makijom, garizima, kamenjarima, te prostranim šumama brzorastućeg alepskog bora koji je preuzeo primat nad biljnim vrstama drugačijeg senzibiliteta. Uz šume, biološki su osobito značajna i neka druga staništa: priobalne pješčane dine, strme i visoke obalne stijene kao i one u unutrašnjosti otoka, te bilje obalnih grebena. Specifičnost faune Mljeta je odsutnost zmija otrovnica poradi prisutnosti indijskog mungosa. Dosad je na otoku zabilježeno ukupno pet vrsta zmija i šest vrsta guštera. Njima se hrani i na Mljetu najveća dnevna grabljivica, orao zmijar. Također je izuzetno bogatstvo ptica pjevica. U šumama nalazimo i neke ptice koje su rijetke na otocima, poput šojke, sive muharice i šumskog zviždaka. Tu živi i sivi puh kojeg sve više potiskuje mediteranski štakor, a malobrojnim obrađenim poljima sve više gospodari divlja svinja, novi stanovnik otoka. Vode Mljeta, još i danas poznate kao oceanografski živo područje, nekad su bile omiljeno obitavalište sredozemne medvjedice. Uprava Nacionalnog parka nada se da će svojim budućim nastojanjima ponovno uspjeti naseliti ovog ugroženog sisavca u vode zaštićenog akvatorija. Povijest ovog otoka seže do vremena ilirskih plemena što su kamenim gradinama, nazivljem i ostacima grobova ostavili materijalne tragove svog postojanja na ovim područjima. U doba rimske prevlasti otok se spominje u nekoliko pisanih dokumenata. Najvrjedniji iz tog razdoblja su ostaci rimske palače iz 1. st. te okolnih bazilika i fortifikacijskih objekata u Polačama, datiranih iz nešto kasnijeg razdoblja. Postojanje nekoliko hidroarheoloških lokaliteta svjedoče o bogatom gospodarskom životu na području tadašnjeg južnog Jadrana. Od 8. stoljeća središnji dio otoka naseljen je Hrvatima Neretljanima. Sredinom 12. stoljeća feudalni gospodari otoka postaju benediktinci pulsanskog reda, koji na otočiću usred Velikog jezera podižu svoju opatiju i crkvu. 1345. Godine fratri sklapaju ugovor kojim stanovnike Mljeta oslobađaju rada na imanjima u zamjenu za 300 hiperpera godišnje naknade. Od tada ovaj samostan, kroz dugi niz stoljeća, djeluje kao kulturno, vjersko i političko žarište. Na području današnjeg Nacionalnog parka benediktinski fratri dozvoljavaju naseljavanje tek u 19. stoljeću. Tada nastaje etnološki i arhitektonski zanimljivo naselje Govedari čiji naziv govori o zanimanju njegovih prvih stanovnika. Za Napoleonove vladavine u našim krajevima ukida se benediktinski red. Krajem 19. i početkom 20. stoljeća Austrija pokušava unaprijediti život na otoku pa šumari vode brigu o održavanju šuma. No, veliki šumski požar 1917. godine odnosi stare šume kojima će dugo trebati da se obnove. Današnje stanovništvo bavi se zemljoradnjom, posebice vinogradarstvom i maslinarstvom, a turizam i ugostiteljstvo sve više preuzimaju primat u svakodnevnom životu otočana, što je posebice vidljivo i u razvoju novih naselja uz more. Stanovnici otoka Mljeta jedini su otočani na hrvatskom Jadranu koji se koriste ijekavskim govorom. Iz Polača i Pomene vode staze i putevi prema Velikom i Malom jezeru. Posjetitelji parka, koji dolaze organizirano, imaju dogovoren smjer kretanja, dok individualni posjetitelji mogu razgledavati park prema želji ali poštujući Pravilnik o unutarnjem redu u Javnoj ustanovi Nacionalni park „Mljet“. Što znači uv-k ? 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