http___www.intimatemedicine.com.hr_enciklopedija-seksualnosti_seksualnost_zdravlje-i-seks_spolno-prenosive-bolesti_hpv-virus_hpv-virus__1.xml
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Kids Channel Topics Medications Quicklinks Related Channels Vaccine Checklist for Preteens and Teens Tdap is recommended for children at age 11 or 12. Children ages 13 to 18 who didn't get the shot when they were 11 or 12 years old should also get it. Everyone needs continued protection against diphtheria and tetanus. Therefore, after receiving one dose of Tdap, the tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccine is recommended once every 10 years. HPV is a virus that can infect the skin and mucous membranes of the body. You get HPV through skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity with someone who has an HPV infection. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted disease (STD). It is so common that if you are sexually active, chances are you have been or will be infected with the virus. There are more than 100 different types of HPV. Not all of these types cause genital infections. The ones that do can lead to serious problems. Notably, certain genital HPV strains can cause genital cancers. You've probably heard that HPV is the number one cause of cervical cancer in females. However, this virus doesn't just cause cervical cancer -- it has also been associated with cancers of the anus, vagina, vulva, penis, and oropharynx (the middle part of the throat that includes the soft palate, the base of the tongue, and the tonsils). Other genital HPV types can cause genital warts (see Types of HPV for more information about the different types of HPV). Not everyone who gets HPV will develop cancer. The problem is, if you have an HPV infection, there is no way to know for certain whether your infection will lead to cancer. The other problem with HPV is that the types that cause cancer normally don't cause any symptoms. This means you can become infected without knowing it. It also means your sexual partner may be infected without you knowing it. Written by/reviewed by: Susan Lakey, PharmD, MPH, BCPP Last reviewed by: Kristi Monson, PharmD
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HPV Virus HPV virus HPV virus je virus, s kojim se zarazi bar polovina svih spolno aktivnih ljudi, a uzrokuje rak vrata maternice... Pročitajte sve o virusu HPV. Značajna skupina HPV su HPV virusi sluznice. Humani papiloma virusi ili HPV opsežna su skupina virusa koji se prenose s kože na kožu ili preko sluznice. Postoji više od 100 različitih genotipa HPV. HPV je jedna od najčešćih spolno prenosivih zaraza, kako kod muškaraca tako i kod žena. HPV je najčešći uzrok raka vrata maternice, a uzrokuje i rak na vulvi, anusu ili penisu. Postoji više od 100 različitih genotipa HPV. Značajna skupina HPV su HPV virusi sluznice. HPV viruse sluznice dijelimo na nisko-rizične, koji kod žena i muškaraca uzrokuju genitalne bradavice (najčešći su HPV 6 i HPV 11), i visoko-rizične, koji uzrokuju nastanak raka vrata maternice i drugih promjena koje prethode nastanku raka ( HPV 16 i HPV 18). HPV se najčešće prenosi spolnim odnosima, a virusom niskog rizika zaraženo je do 60 % svih žena mlađih od 30 let. S visoko-rizičnim virusom zaraženo je oko 15 posto svih žena. Zaraza s visoko-rizičnim virusom se dogodi onda kada tijelo ne uspije pobijediti zarazu. Takva zaraza može trajati godinama i teško ju je otkriti. HPV se najčešće prenosi spolnim odnosima (jlp) Neaktivna zaraza s nisko-rizičnim virusom nema vidljivih znakova, zaraženo je područje potpuno normalno. Tijelo nadzire zarazu i moguće je da za nju nikada niti nećete saznati. Kod aktivne zaraze (zaraza s virusom visokog rizika), virus u zaraženim stanicama uzrokuje promjene. Promijenjene stanice se kao promijenjene vide na PAP brisu. Ako takve stanice ostanu neotkrivene, promjene mogu voditi do nastanka raka vrata maternice. Sama infekcija nije izlječiva, od infekcije se možemo zaštititi cijepljenjem protiv HPV. U većini slučajeva se u roku od dvije godine virus sam izluči. Možemo liječiti samo promjene na koži (bradavice) i predkancerogene promjene vrata maternice. Bris ušća maternice sastavni je dio preventivnog ginekološkog pregleda za spriječavanje raka vrata maternice. Redoviti ginekološki pregledi izuzetno su važni, jer samo ginekolog s uzimanjem i pregledavanjem stanica u brisu s ušća maternice (test PAP) može utvrditi jeste li zaraženi i poduzeti odgovarajuće mjere u slučaju predkancerogenih promjena a vratu maternice. Sama infekcija nije izlječiva, od infekcije se možemo zaštititi cijepljenjem protiv HPV.