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Raynaud's Disease Raynaud's disease is a disorder in which the vessels that supply blood to the fingers and toes (the digits) contract, causing the fingers and toes to turn white, feel numb, tingle, or burn. KEYWORD for searching the Internet and other reference sources Circulatory system What Is Raynaud's Disease? In this condition, the arteries that supply blood to the fingers and toes respond to cold or other stimuli by going into spasm (contracting), reducing the supply of blood to the digits and turning them white. When there is no specific reason found for this contracting, the condition is called Raynaud's disease. It can appear at any age, but it occurs most often between the ages of 20 and 40 and affects females more than males. What Is Raynaud's Phenomenon? Raynaud's phenomenon has the same symptoms as Raynaud's disease, but its cause is known to be another disease. Diseases that can cause Raynaud's phenomenon include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus, and scleroderma, which are all chronic (long-lasting) disorders of the connective tissue * . Other possible causes include atherosclerosis (in which large arteries are blocked by fat deposits) and Buerger's disease (in which small arteries in fingers and toes are blocked by inflammation). Who Is at Risk for Raynaud's Phenomenon? People in certain occupations are at higher risk for Raynaud's phenomenon. Anyone whose work involves the constant and repetitive use of the fingers or who uses tools that vibrate, such as a jack hammer or chain saw, are at increased risk. People with medical conditions that affect small arteries, have certain neurological conditions, or connective tissue diseases such as lupus or scleroderma, are at risk as well. Smoking may trigger or worsen spasms in blood vessels. What Are the Symptoms of Raynaud's Disease? In Raynaud's disease, a person's fingers and toes first turn white or blue when they become cold because the necessary amount of blood is not reaching them. When they turn red it is a sign that blood is flowing normally again. * connective tissue, which helps hold the body together, is found in skin, joints and bones. When people get an attack of Raynaud's disease, their fingers and toes may feel numb or tingle and burn. In severe (but rare) cases the restriction of the arteries causes the fingers to thicken, which can lead to ulcerations (loss of tissue) at the finger tips as well as changes in the fingernails. In the worst case, gangrene (tissue death) can occur. What Is the Treatment for Raynaud's Disease? Raynaud's disease can be effectively treated with medications that prevent the constriction of the blood vessels. Some ointments or creams can also be prescribed to soften the skin, though this will not help to prevent attacks. The doctor diagnoses the condition by taking a careful history from the patient. Advice on preventing flare-ups of Raynaud's can help the person avoid further episodes. In severe cases, surgery may be required to cut the nerves that control the contraction and dilation of the blood vessels. How Can Raynaud's Disease Be Prevented? Although Raynaud's disease may not be completely preventable in people who are susceptible to the disorder, there are some preventive measures a person can take. Some of the "do's" and "don'ts" for people who experience Raynaud's are: - Stop smoking. Cigarettes constrict (close up) blood vessels. - Avoid high-risk activities. Vibrating machinery, like pneumatic drills and chain saws, can trigger an attack of Raynaud's disease. Excessive typing and piano playing also involve repetitive finger motion and can trigger the disease. - Avoid substances that are known to trigger Raynaud's. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and other substances may trigger an attack. - Wear layered clothing to retain warmth, since exposing the face or forehead to cold can trigger an attack. - Wear gloves or mittens to protect against cold.
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Raynaudov sindrom – uzroci, simptomi i liječenje Raynaudova bolest jest stanje koje uzrokuje da neka područja tijela poput prstiju na rukama ili nogama, vrh nosa ili uši, postanu hladni ili da otupe na osjet, a sve kao reakcija na niske temperature ili pak kao reakcija na stres. Manje arterije koje opskrbljuju kožu krvlju postaju uske te samim time ograničavaju cirkulaciju krvi u pogođenim područjima. Raynaudova bolest jest češća kod žena nego muškaraca i također je češća kod ljudi koji žive u hladnijim podnebljima. Liječenje ovisi o težini te o tome imate li i druge zdravstvene probleme. No, ipak, za većinu ljudi, Raynaudova bolest je više smetnja nego invaliditet. Uzroci Raynaudove bolesti Liječnici ne znaju točan uzrok Raynaudove bolesti, ali čini se da je to pretjerana reakcija krvnih žila u rukama i nogama na niske temperature ili pak stres. Kada je vaše tijelo izloženo niskim temperaturama, vaši ekstremiteti gube toplinu. Vaše tijelo usporava dotok krvi u prstima na rukama i nogama za očuvanje svoje tjelesne temperature. U ljudi s Raynaudovim sindromom je ova, inače normalna reakcija, pretjerana. Stres uzrokuje sličnu reakciju na hladnoću u tijelu, a isto tako tjelesni odgovor kod ljudi s Raynaudovom bolesti može biti pretjeran. Kod navedenih tjelesnih reakcija male artrije se sužavaju te smanjuju dotok krvi u zahvaćena područja. Isto tako, s vremenom one mogu postati deblje, a rezultat je isti- smanjen dotok krvi. Zahvaćena koža postaje blijeda, a mogu se pojaviti i grčevi. Postoje dvije vrste: - Primarni Raynaud – to je Raynaud bez osnovne bolesti ili povezanih medicinskih problema i najčešći je oblik poremećaja. - Sekundarni Raynaud – naziva se i Raynaudov fenomen. Ozbiljniji poremećaj, obično se pojavljuje u kasnijoj dobi, a uzroci su: - Sklerodermija - Lupus - Artritis - Bolesti arterija - Ozlijede koje su oštetile živce - Pušenje- uzrokuje sužavanje krvnih žila - Poremećaji štitnjače Simptomi Raynaudove bolesti Raynaud bolest je više od samo hladnih prstiju na rukama i nogama. Znakovi i simptomi ovise o trajanju i težini. Simptomi uključuju: - Hladni prsti - Slijed promjena boje kože kao odgovor na hladnoću ili stres - Tupa ili probadajuća bol; goruća bol nakon zagrijavanja ili ublažavanja stresa Pogođena područja su najčešće prvo bijela, zatim mogu poplaviti, a vaš osjet dodira otupiti. Poboljšanjem cirkulacije, zahvaćena područja postaju crvena, peckaju ili nastaje oteklina. Redoslijed promjena nije isti kod svih ljudi, niti se svaka promjena pojavljuje kod svakoga. Povremeno, napadaj utječe na samo jedan ili dva prsta ruku ili nogu. Iako najčešće pogađa prste ruku ili nogu, također može utjecati i na druge dijelove tijela poput nosa, usana, uši pa čak i bradavica. Opisana pojava može trajati manje od minute pa čak do nekoliko sati. Liječenje Raynaudove bolesti Briga o zdravlju i preventivni koraci, kao što je odijevanje u slojevima, rukavice i deblje čarape, obično su učinkovite mjere kod ljudi s blagim simptomima Raynaudove bolesti. Međutim, ako te mjere nisu učinkovite, potrebno je liječenje. Ciljevi liječenja su smanjenje broja i ozbiljnosti napadaja te sprječavanje oštećenja tkiva. Ovisno o uzroku simptoma, lijekovi mogu pomoći u liječenju. Potrebno je proširiti krvne žile te poboljšati cirkulaciju. Za to se koriste alfa blokatori te vazodilatatori. Neki lijekovi mogu pogoršati vaše stanje, pa će vaš liječnik vjerojatno preporučiti da izbjegavate beta blokatore ali i kontracepcijske pilule. Ponekad liječnici moraju ukloniti tkivo oštećeno zbog nedostatka opskrbe krvlju. To može uključivati amputaciju prsta na ruci ili nozi u kojemu je prokrvljenost potpuno bokirana i u kojima se može razviti ili se razvila gangrena. No, to su rijetki slučajevi.