http___www.informatika.buzdo.com_s600-microsoft-windows-95-98.htm_1.xml
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Microsoft Windows 9X, 32 bit operating systems are designed for computers with Intel's x86 microprocessors or them compatible. The first version of Windows 95 is supported by the FAT 16 file system, while subsequent versions used the FAT 32 file system, and the final version of this version of the operating systems Windows 98SE had robust support for USB devices, and a newer version of your web browser Internet Explorer (IE). Do not support symmetric multiprocessing and processing. They are intended primarily for home use but can be effectively used as a workstation in the network systems with simple and concurrent access Microsoft, Novell Netware, and other types of networks. In this sense, support working with multiple types of network protocols simultaneously and can offer its resources to other users on the network. Their successor Windows ME infamously collapsed very quickly. Basically support working with multiple users (applications under another name) and allow each of them own profile work in order to keep their personal preferences. Profiles can be stored on a network server (Windows 9X as user - client in a network) or locally. But as essentially a simple workstation on the protection and privacy of data out of the question in the way that Windows NT operating systems. The system is multi-user, but not in the sense of simultaneous work of users. Microsoft Windows 9X operating systems have a graphical user interface that makes it easy to perform tasks on the computer. Selecting using the cursor (mouse arrow) and click a mouse button to perform almost all actions to launch, handling the downtime with software support. In combination with the keyboard (Chapter 9h) efficiency of Windows-and greatly increases. How is each application takes place in their part of memory, provided the stability of their simultaneous execution and each takes place in your window that may be necessary to completely reduce or expand the size of the entire screen (normal, minimized & maximized window) or in full emulation (as the original display and operation) of DOS applications (full-screen mode). Jump from one window to another-tasks performed using a combination of buttons or menu line with the tasks (Task Bar). When he mentions DOS, at the time when the computer 'crash' is only available to DOS mode and famous character ' C:\ > ' (cursor), and if it has. But just the beginning of recovery associated with it. Thus good old DOS still should not be forgotten. While it has already been described at the end of the Chapter DOS 6.20 operating system, due to small changes in how you use a mouse or some similar external devices follows a description of using the keys again but specifically for Windows 9X environment. Communication mouse comes down to the fact that the mouse POINTER by moving your mouse cursor over the field, and once or twice quickly pressed (clicked) per mouse buttons to order the execution of tasks. As for this, will be used hereinafter abbreviated individual actions with the mouse, as follows: Actions K1 and K2 should not expect a default in the Windows 9X operating system. Neither the common keyboard shown in Figure 3.3.35 is not standardized and experienced additions and changes, particularly in the case of the PC system. For example button with a picture of Windows logo ( ) near the   key initiates the main menu. Newer keyboards have an extra set of keys, among which is an interesting set of numeric button that provides an additional set of features like call of software for computation (calculator) and the like. But how are the features of the PC keyboard as further analysis of the standard device for entering data into the computer (with mouse) without a subject. And the mouse has its 'improvement' in the PC system. Wheel between the buttons to quickly browse pages such as Microsoft WORD program support, but only if you install the appropriate drivers. In the future we can expect further improvements PC keyboard, but its fundamental importance and the function will not change significantly compared to the view in Figure 3.5.24. Turn on your PC will be loaded from the hard disk drive system programs first and then start - a configuration file that has already been shown in Figure 4.1.1 for compatibility (with DOS of course). Then loaded VxD (Virtual Device Driver) drivers for the mouse, printer, and other devices that are specified in the registry at (database on the computer configuration and usage) - tapeworm that continuously increases as the windows used, that will force the user when-then to re-install the OS along with the entire programming support. Final component loading are the main components of the system (kernell.32.dll), and graphical user interface, fonts and finally DESKTOP and configuration backgrounds, icons and other wonders displayed on the monitor by the taste of users. If built musical cards all else can follow the soundtrack. All that happens is successfully recorded in diaries of the process (.log or .txt file) from which, if user has the will, can read everything that is at work with the computer going. Drivers who initially loads IO.SYS, when find them on a hard disk are: HIMEM.SYS IFSHLP.SYS SETVER.EXE DBLSPACE.BIN or DRVSPACE.BIN So, loaded up support for XMS memory, support for network, software version control and FAT 16 support for compressed discs. Windows 95 OSR2 version has support for FAT 32 disk systems. Automatically sets the PATH with c:\windows and c:\windows\command or whatever other directory in which the windows are installed. To extend the PATH command in AUTOEXEC.BAT applies: PATH %PATH%;c:\bat;c:\tools This means that to the basic PATH added further stated notion behind the %PATH%. Significant data are entered into a file MSDOS.SYS, where the size of the reasons of compatibility should not be less than 1024 B. The file is hidden and system attributes, and a ban on the entry. If we want to change, to change attributes, perform the discretion to alter the content and set the attributes as before the change. The specified file is just a basic example of the principle of making SETUP program support for installing Windows 9X operating system. Example I Content of the starting file MSDOS.SYS. [Paths] WinDir=C:\WINDOWS WinBootDir=C:\WINDOWS HostWinBootDrv=C [Options] BootMulti=1 Logo=1 BootGUI=1 DoubleBuffer=1 AutoScan=1 WinVer=4.10.2222 ; ;The following lines are required for compatibility with other programs. ;Do not remove them (MSDOS.SYS needs to be >1024 bytes). ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxa ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxb ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxc ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxd ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxe ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxf ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxg ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxh ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxi ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxj ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxk ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxl ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxm ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxn ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxo ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxp ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxq ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxr ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxs Example files MSDOS.SYS shows that this is not a driver in DOS but descriptive file IO.SYS program demonstrates how to behave when you turn on your computer and load the operating system. Items listed in the file are logical operators can be assigned the value ' 0 ' or ' 1 ', and thus determine what will be loading the operating system to execute. These options are not the only ones. Everything about them is described in detail in the system manual. While loading the operating system and display introductory picture (logo) by pressing   key can exclude files and track messages as IO.SYS in DOS mode. If after reading the BIOS   key is held down then IO.SYS loads only basic drive files skipping part VxD files and final component of which is reflected in the image of the basic types of resolution VGA (640×400) in 16 colors indicating SAFE MODE (Windows 9X is bypassing your startup files). The same would happen if for some reason there is a disturbance of records in the database (Registry). If after reading the BIOS holds down the   key then IO.SYS offered the following menu: Normal 2.) Logged (\BOOTLOG:TXT) 3.) Safe Mode 4.) Step-by-Step confirmation 5.) Command prompt only 6.) Safe mod command prompt only The first is common and the other is the same thing only with a complete record of events in the file specified. The third one should try if windows unreasonably pause and then again the first command. The fourth is very useful if one wishes to determine which part is not 'wrong' because IO.SYS required for each load confirmation. The fifth and sixth are the direct work in DOS mode. Although the AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files during installation do not record data necessary for the 'reach' CD-ROM drive is still useful to them to enter the drivers and their associated parameters in order to ensure access to the CD-ROM drive on boot in DOS mode. If you are installing Windows 95 systems made to an existing with DOS files the AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files are created with AUTOEXEC.DOS and CONFIG.DOS files to load the drivers that are required in a DOS window in Windows has not and vice versa. When you change modes, the contents of these files (not the name) are mutually exchanged. Besides DOSSTART.BAT files in the directory [C:\WINDOWS] contains drivers for other devices that DOS does not know, for example for the music card, mouse, or other devices, and that is run when on Windows PC 'down' in DOS mode. When you install the operating system SETUP program support installations requesting entry corresponding parameters for the state and accordingly configures the starting file. If there is a need for the proper execution of any older programs in Windows 9X window or DOS mode, it is convenient to configure the file according to the following example. Example II Examples of starting files CONFIG.SYS, AUTOEXEC.BAT and DOSSTART.BAT in Windows 95 and Windows 98 (Windows 9X) OS. Environment variables are automatically set by a successful launch of the operating system are: TMP=C:\WINDOWS\TEMP TEMP=C:\WINDOWS\TEMP PROMPT=$p$g winbootdir=C:\WINDOWS PATH=C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND COMSPEC=C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND.COM windir=C:\WINDOWS Some of them have already been defined in the records MSDOS.SYS file. Their contents may change or add new definitions by SET command in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file. If you are using does not use older software support such as games, measuring or accounting programs for DOS and Windows 3.x to run the pre-installed Windows 9X operating system did not need one of these files. Then when crossing into DOS mode loses support for the characters and the definition of country localities and a CD-ROM drive becomes inaccessible. OS: Windows 9X installation is basically adding the first and the last two lines of the file and CONGIG.SYS last three lines of the file AUTOEXEC.BAT to program support for the characteristics of country localities in DOS mode. To install the Windows 9X operating systems requires a boot floppy with support for XMS memory and a CD-ROM drive as the computer's motherboard BIOS does not allow automatic restart the installation CD-ROM. Then, make sure that they are properly defined directories and drive (usually [A:]) to start a disc file. Besides the above boot floppy should contain programs necessary to prepare the hard disk to install the OS (at least FDISK and FORMAT). Windows 9X operating system can not be installed on the hard drive if the system already has the system properties, but the disc must be completely empty. The only option if it is installed on a partition already mounted by the stronger brother NT type. So, the windows can be loaded in a variety of ways (this does not apply to NT systems) and contain many elements of compatibility in DOS, all for the purpose of ensuring an older computer programs that are used in support of older systems to measure or something similar. If everything is set properly load and when all the devices are correct welcomes users to work comfortably GUI (desktop) that can at will 'fill' icon which calls for the application (shortcut) and a line selector for the job (TascBar) that can be moved to any edge of the screen, which contains a very important button START which by L1 action offering a series of drop-down menu (pop-up), which can optionally be arranged in which the calls (shortcut) to almost all facilities operating system and software support.
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Microsoft Windows 9X su 32 bit-ni operativni sustavi namijenjeni su za računala s Intel-ovim x86 mikroprocesorima ili njima kompatibilnim. Prva inačica Windows 95 podržavala je FAT 16 datotečni sustav, dok su naredne inačice koristile FAT 32 datotečni sustav, a konačna inačica ove verzije operativnih sustava Windows 98SE imala je robusnu podršku za USB uređaje i noviju verziju web-preglednika 'Internet Exporer' (IE). Ne podržavaju simetričnu i višeprocesorsku obradu. Namijenjeni su prvenstveno za kućnu uporabu ali mogu učinkovito poslužiti kao radne postaje u mrežnim sustavima s jednostavnim i istovremenim pristupom Microsof, Novell Netware i drugim vrstama mreža. U tom smislu podržavaju rad s više vrsta mrežnih protokola istovremeno te mogu nuditi svoje resurse na korištenje drugim korisnicima na mreži. Njihov nasljednik Windows ME neslavno je vrlo brzo propao. U osnovi podržavaju rad s više korisnika (prijava pod drugim imenom) i omogućavaju svakom od njih vlastiti profil rada kako bi mogli zadržati svoje osobne postavke. Profili se mogu pohraniti na mrežni poslužitelj (Windows 9X kao korisnik - CLIENT u mreži) ili lokalno. No kako su u suštini jednostavna radna postaja o zaštiti i privatnosti podataka nema govora na način kako to rade Windows NT sustavi. Sustav jeste višekorisnički ali ne u smislu istovremenog rada. Microsoft Windows 9X su operativni sustavi s grafičkim korisničkim sučeljem (interface) koje omogućava jednostavno obavljanje zadaća na računalu. Odabirom pomoću pokazivača (strelica miša) i klik-om na tipku miša obavljaju je gotovo sve radnje oko pokretanja, rukovanja u prekida rada s programskom potporom. U kombinaciji s tipkovnicom (poglavlje 9h) učinkovitost korištenja Windows-a uvelike raste. Kako se svaka pokrenuta aplikacija odvija u svom dijelu memorije, osigurana je stabilnost njihovog istovremenog izvođenja (ajde neka!) a i svaka se odvija u svom PROZORU (window) koji se po potrebi može posve smanjiti ili raširiti na veličinu cijelog ekrana (normal, minimized & maximized window) ili postaviti u potpunu emulaciju (kao izvorni prikaz i rad) rada DOS aplikacija (full-screen mod). Skok iz jednog prozora-zadaće u drugi odvija se kombinacijom tipki ili uporabom linijskog izbornika sa zadaćama (Task Bar). Kad se već spominje DOS, u momentu kad se računalo 'sruši' jedino je na raspolaganju DOS mod i poznati znak ' C:\ > ' (cursor), ako i toga ima. Ali početak oporavka upravo je povezan s njim. Prema tome dobri stari DOS još uvijek se NE SMIJE zaboraviti. Iako je već opisan na kraju poglavlja o DOS 6.20 operativnom sustavu, zbog malih izmjena u načinu korištenja miša (MOUSE) ili nekakvog sličnog vanjskog pomagala slijedi ponovo opis korištenja tipki ali specifično za Windows 9X okruženje. Komunikacija mišem svodi se na to da se pokazivač miša - POINTER pomicanjem miša postavi na željeno polje te se jednom ili brzo dva put pritisne (klikne) po tipki miša da se izda nalog za izvršavanje zadaće. Glede navedenog koristiti će se u daljnjem tekstu skraćenice za pojedine radnje s mišem i to: Akcije K1 i K2 ne treba podrazumno očekivati u Windows 9X operativnom sustavu. Ni uobičajena tipkovnica prikazana na slici 3.3.35 nije standardizirana i doživljava dopune i promijene, osobito ako je riječ o PC sustavu. Na primjer tipka s oznakom prozora uz tipku   inicira otvaranje glavnog izbornika. Novije tipkovnice imaju dodatni set tipki (nisu prikazane na navedenoj slici) među kojima je interesantna tipka koja numeričkom setu daje dodatni skup mogućnosti kao poziv programske potpore za računanje (calculator) i slično. No kako su to osobitosti PC sustava daljnja analiza tipkovnice kao uobičajenog uređaja za unos podataka u računalo (uz miša) je bez predmetna. I miš ima svoja 'unapređenja' u PC sustavu. Kotačić između tipki omogućava brzo pretraživanje stranica u na primjer Microsoft WORD programskoj potpori ali samo ako se instaliraju odgovarajući pogonski programi (driver-i). U budućnosti se mogu očekivati daljnja unapređenja PC tipkovnice ali njezin osnovni značaj i funkcija neće se bitno promijeniti u odnosu na prikaz na slici 3.5.24. Uključivanjem računala učitavaju se s tvrdog diska najprije pogonski programi sustava te potom startne - konfiguracijske datoteke kako je već prikazano na slici 4.1.1 radi kompatibilnosti (s DOS-om naravno). Zatim se učitavaju VxD (Virtual Device Driver) upravljački-pogonski programi (driver-i) za pokazivač, pisač i ostale uređaje a koji su specificirani u REGISTRY-ju (baza podataka o konfiguraciji računala i njegovom korištenju) - trakavici koja neprekidno raste kako se Windows-i koriste i koja će korisnika kad-tad natjerati da ih nanovo instalira skupa sa cijelom programskom potporom (utješno!). Završne komponente pri učitavanju su glavne komponente sustava (kernell.32.dll), grafičko i korisničko sučelje, fontovi i konačno DESKTOP (radna površina), odnosno konfiguracija pozadine, ikona i drugih čuda prikazanih na monitoru po ukusu korisnika. Ako je ugrađena glazbena kartica sve to još može pratiti zvučna kulisa. Sve što se događa uspješno se bilježi u dnevnicima procesa (.log ili .txt datoteke) iz kojih se ako korisnik ima volju može pročitati sve što se je pri radu s računalom događalo. Pogonski programi koje inicijalno učitava IO.SYS, ako ih pronađe na tvrdom disku su: HIMEM.SYS IFSHLP.SYS SETVER.EXE DBLSPACE.BIN ili DRVSPACE.BIN Dakle, učitava se podrška za XMS memoriju, podrška za mrežu, kontrola verzije programa i FAT 16 podrška za komprimirane diskove. Inačica Windows 95 OSR2 ima FAT 32 podršku za diskovne sustave. Automatski se u PATH postavlja c:\windows i c:\windows\command ili već neki drugi imenik u koji su prozori instalirani. Za proširenje PATH-a vrijedi komanda u AUTOEXEC.BAT: PATH %PATH%;c:\bat;c:\tools To znači da se osnovnom PATH-u pridodaju nadalje navedeni iza pojma %PATH%. Značajni podaci nalaze se upisani u datoteku MSDOS.SYS, kojoj veličina iz razloga kompatibilnosti ne smije biti manja od 1024 B. Datoteka je skrivena i ima sistemske atribute te zabranu upisa. Ako se želi promijeniti, treba promijeniti atribute, izvršiti izmjene sadržaja prema nahođenju i postaviti atribute kao pred izmjenu. Navedena datoteka samo je osnovni primjer koji u načelu izradi SETUP programska potpora za instalaciju Windows 9X operativnog sustava. Primjer I Sadržaj startne datoteke MSDOS.SYS. [Paths] WinDir=C:\WINDOWS WinBootDir=C:\WINDOWS HostWinBootDrv=C [Options] BootMulti=1 Logo=1 BootGUI=1 DoubleBuffer=1 AutoScan=1 WinVer=4.10.2222 ; ;The following lines are required for compatibility with other programs. ;Do not remove them (MSDOS.SYS needs to be >1024 bytes). ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxa ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxb ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxc ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxd ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxe ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxf ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxg ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxh ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxi ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxj ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxk ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxl ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxm ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxn ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxo ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxp ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxq ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxr ;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxs Primjer datoteke MSDOS.SYS pokazuje da to nije pogonski program kao u DOS-u već opisna datoteka koja pokazuje IO.SYS programu kako da se ponaša prilikom uključivanja računala i učitavanja operativnog sustava. Opcije navedene u datoteci su logički operatori kojima se može dodijeliti vrijednost ' 0 ' ili ' 1 ' te time odrediti što će se prilikom učitavanja operativnog sustava izvršiti. Navedene opcije nisu jedine. Sve o njima podrobno je opisano u sistemskom priručniku. Prilikom učitavanja operativnog sustav i prikaza uvodne slike (logotip) pritiskom na tipku   može se slika isključiti i pratiti poruke IO.SYS kao u DOS modu. Ako se po očitavanju BIOS-a drži pritisnuta tipka   tada IO.SYS učita samo osnovne pogonske datoteke preskačući dio VxD datoteka i završne komponente što se očituje u slici osnovne rezolucije tipa VGA (640×400) u 16 boja uz naznaku SAFE MODE (Windows 9X is bypassing your startup files). Isto će se dogoditi ako zbog nekog razloga dođe do narušavanja zapisa u bazi podataka (REGISTRY). Ako se po očitavanju BIOS-a drži pritisnuta tipka   tada IO.SYS ponudi slijedeći izbornik: Normal 2.) Logged (\BOOTLOG:TXT) 3.) Safe Mode 4.) Step-by-Step confirmation 5.) Command prompt only 6.) Safe mod command prompt only Prvo je uobičajeno a drugo je to isto samo uz potpun zapis događanja u navedenu datoteku. Treće treba pokušati ako prozori bezrazložno zastanu pa potom opet prvo. Četvrto je vrlo korisno ako se želi ustanoviti koji dio ne 'štima' jer IO.SYS traži za svako učitavanje potvrdu. Peto i šesto su izravan rad u DOS modu. Iako se u datotekama AUTOEXEC.BAT i CONFIG.SYS prilikom instalacije ne bilježe podaci potrebiti za 'dohvat' CD-ROM uređaja korisno je ipak u njih upisati pripadne pogonske programe i parametre kao bi se osigurao pristup CD-ROM uređaju prilikom starta u DOS modu. Ako se instalacija Windows 95 sustava vrši na već postojeći DOS uz datoteke AUTOEXEC.BAT i CONFIG.SYS kreiraju se datoteke AUTOEXEC.DOS i CONFIG.DOS kao bi se učitali pogonski programi koji su potrebni u DOS modu a u Windows-ima nisu i obratno. Prilikom promijene moda rada sadržaji navedenih datoteka (ne i naziv) međusobno se izmjenjuju. Osim toga datoteka DOSSTART.BAT u imeniku [C:\WINDOWS] sadrži pogonske programe za ostale uređaje koje DOS ne pozna na primjer za glazbenu karticu, miša ili neke druge uređaje i koja se pokreće kada se iz Windows-a računalo 'spušta' u DOS mod. Prilikom instalacije operativnog sustava SETUP programska potpora instalacije traži upis odgovarajućih parametara za državu te shodno tome konfigurira startne datoteke. Ako postoji potreba za ispravnim izvršavanjem starijih programa bilo u Windows 9X prozoru ili DOS modu zgodno je konfigurirati datoteke prema narednom primjeru. Primjer II Primjeri startnih datoteka CONFIG.SYS, AUTOEXEC.BAT i DOSSTART.BAT u operativnom sustavu Windows 95 i Windows 98 (Windows 9X). Varijable okruženja koje se automatski postave po uspješnom pokretanju operativnog sustava su: TMP=C:\WINDOWS\TEMP TEMP=C:\WINDOWS\TEMP PROMPT=$p$g winbootdir=C:\WINDOWS PATH=C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND COMSPEC=C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND.COM windir=C:\WINDOWS Neke od njih već su definirane u zapisima datoteke MSDOS.SYS. Njihov sadržaj može se promijeniti ili dodati nove u SET definicijama u datoteci AUTOEXEC.BAT. Ako se koristi ne koristi starija programska potpora kao na primjer igre, mjerni ili knjigovodstveni programi za DOS ili Windows 3.x za pokretanje već instaliranog Windows 9X operativnog sustava ne treba niti jedna od ovih datoteka. Tada se pri prelasku u DOS mod gubi potpora za naše znakove i definiciju države te CD-ROM uređaj postaje nepristupačan. Windows 9X OS pri instalaciji u osnovi doda prvu i dvije zadnje crte datoteke CONGIG.SYS i tri zadnje crte datoteke AUTOEXEC.BAT kako bi se programska potpora za obilježja države očuvala i u DOS modu. Za instalaciju Windows 9X operativnog sustava potrebna je BOOT disketa s podrškom za XMS memoriju i CD-ROM uređaj u koliko BIOS matične ploče računala ne omogućava automatsko pokretanje instalacijskog CD-ROM medija. Tada treba voditi računa da su ispravno definirani imenici i pogon (najčešće [A:]) u startnim datotekama diskete. Osim navedenog BOOT disketa treba da sadrži i programe potrebne za pripremu tvrdog diska za instalaciju OS (najmanje FDISK i FORMAT). Windows 9X operativni sustav ne može se instalirati na tvrdi disk ako isti već ima sistemska svojstva već disk mora biti potpuno prazan. Jedina je mogućnost ako se instalira na već pripremljenu particiju od strane jačeg brata NT tipa. Dakle, prozori se mogu učitati na razne načine (to se ne odnosi na NT sustave) i sadrže mnoge elemente u kompatibilnosti prema DOS-u a sve u svrhu osiguranja rada starije programske potpore koja se još koristi, kao potpora starijim sustavima za mjerenje ili nešto slično. Ako se je sve navedeno ispravno učitalo i ako su svi uređaji ispravni korisnika dočeka za rad ugodno grafičko sučelje (DESKTOP) koje može po volji 'napuniti' ikonama koje su pozivi za aplikacije (shortcut) te s linijskim izbornikom za zadaće (TascBar) koji se može premjestiti na bilo koji rub ekrana a koji sadrži vrlo značajni botun START koji po L1 nudi niz padajućih izbornika (pop-up) koji se po želji mogu organizirati i u kojem su pozivi (shortcut) prema gotovo svim sadržajima operativnog sustav i programske potpore.