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Different Types of Vitamins and their functions Vitamins are vital nutrients, indispensable to perform various tasks within the human body in order to promote optimal health and prevent various diseases. How do Vitamins work? Although required in minimal quantities these vitamins cannot be synthesised by the human body. Hence, they rely on easily available animal and plant sources for replenishment. These vitamins in conjunction with other nutrients help break down proteins, thereby stabilising metabolism, enabling growth of cells, tissues, bones and promoting a healthy immune system. Since each vitamin is vital to perform a specific task, a shortage in any one of them may lead to a host of health problems in the human body. Different Types of Vitamin The thirteen different kinds of vitamins required for effective functioning of the human body may be classified into two categories namely water and fat-soluble vitamins. Of them, nine vitamins such as eight B complex, comprising of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, B6 (pyridoxine), folacin, B12 (cyanocobalamin), pantothenic acid, biotin and vitamin C, PABA, inositol and choline fall under the category of water soluble. The remaining four vitamins such as A, D, E and K Vitamins are all fat-soluble vitamins. Let us check all the different types of vitamins with details. Water-Soluble Vitamins These types of vitamins require regular supply in the form of dietary sources or supplements. These are nontoxic and easily absorbed into the body through the gastrointestinal tract and then disseminated in the tissues. Any excess quantity of this vitamin consumed does not accumulate in the body and gets stored. However, with vitamin B12 and B6 as exceptions, these are flushed out during urination. Most B Vitamins act as coenzymes, playing a key role in the breaking down process of carbohydrates, fats and proteins and transforming them to energy. This regulates metabolism, besides promoting healthy digestive and immune system Since water-soluble vitamins are easily dissolved in water, it would be advisable not to overcook them and use the left over cooking water as healthy options in soups and sauces. Water-soluble vitamins and their functions B complex Vitamins Except Vitamin C, the other eight B vitamins belonging to the water-soluble group form the B complex family. All these vitamins act together and perform various processes in the body to ensure verve and vigour. Functions of vitamin B complex Vitamin B complex is imperative for promoting healthy nervous system. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) Niacin (vitamin B3) are the main components strengthening the nervous system and improving cognitive health, thus preventing the risk of developing degenerative diseases such as Dementia, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. Vitamins B12, B6 and B1 are compulsory for effective functioning of the brain. Vitamin B5 is fundamental for the production of particular hormones enabling proper functioning of the adrenal glands. Vitamin B3 controls serotonin and the production of stress hormones, providing a “feel good” factor preventing symptoms of anxiety and stress. Vitamin B6, B3, B2 and B1 aid proper digestion and assist in manufacturing Hydrochloric acid, which in turn helps in the metabolic process of breaking down carbohydrates, fats and proteins thus encouraging weight loss. The other benefits include Vitamin B1 that improves appetite, Niacin B3, which keeps the tongue in shape helping in the process of digestion. VitaminB9 helps maintain healthy gastrointestinal tract and support the friendly bacteria in the digestive tract to create vitamin k, which plays an important part in the clotting of blood. Vitamin B1 is involved in the process of breaking down food and converting to glucose while VitaminB7, Vitamin B6, B5, B3 and B2 are essential for the process of converting glucose to energy. VitaminB2 (Riboflavin) alleviates symptoms of migraine. VitaminB6 restrain the making of neurotransmitters, of which histamine has the effect of triggering migraines. B6 vitamins promote cardiac health and prevent risk of a heart attack. VitaminB1 prevents formation of kidney stones. Vitaminb9 protect against pancreas, breast and colorectal cancers. Food Sources of B complex Vitamins Bananas (Read benefits of banana), kidney beans, nuts, citrus fruits, chicken eggs, leafy vegetables, whole grains and cereals are some of the food sources of vitamin B complex. B complex Deficiency Skin disorders, hair fall, muscle spasm, pain in the abdomen, depression, anaemia and fatigue are some of the symptoms associated with B vitamin deficiency. Vitamin C (Absorbic Acid) Vitamin C or Absorbic acid, present in many fruits and vegetables is a potent antioxidant that combats infections. Functions of Vitamin C Vitamin C helps in the formation of collagen, vital for the development of strong bones, teeth and joints. A rich source of antioxidant, Vitamin C contains antiviral and antibacterial properties preventing infections, boosts the immune system by getting rid of unwanted toxins caused by free radicals during the oxidation process and protects the body from long-term illness and infections. Vitamin C contains anticancer properties hence, reduces risk of cancer and prevents abnormal blood clotting. They also reduce potential risk of scurvy and cataracts. Vitamin C improves cardiac health by maintaining healthy triglyceride, cholesterol, blood sugar and blood pressure levels. They enable easy absorption of iron and help convert food to energy. They are responsible for the production of anti stress hormones and facilitate appropriate adrenal function. Food sources of Vitamin C Berries such as cranberries, strawberries, raspberries, blueberries and fruits such as pineapple, papaya, mango, kiwi, squash, blackcurrants, melon, tomatoes, Citrus fruits and leafy vegetables, red/green peppers, potatoes, broccoli and cauliflower and are a few of the foods loaded with vitamin C. Vitamin C Deficiency Low levels of vitamin in the body may lead to digestive disorders, periodontal disease, joint ache, bruises, fractures, slow healing of wounds, general weakness and loss of appetite. Fat-soluble Vitamins A, D, E and K vitamins are fat-soluble due to their ability to dissipate in fat. In contrast to water-soluble vitamins, these types of vitamins do not require frequent replenishments. Fat-soluble vitamins absorb dietary fat in the small intestines with a tendency to accumulate the excess amounts in the liver and fatty tissues. As opposed to water-soluble vitamins, they are not discharged in the urine and the excess quantities consumed get stored in small amounts within the body making them toxic. Types of Fat-soluble vitamins and their functions Vitamin A (Retinol) Vitamin A or retinol is a fat-soluble vitamin playing a crucial role in process of growth and development. In combination with carotenoids, they perform various important functions in the body. Functions of Vitamin A Due to their antioxidant properties, Vitamin A improves immune health; maintain healthy mucous membranes and battle against diseases. They help develop strong teeth, healthy bones, protect against cataracts, Alzheimer’s disease, arthritis, cardiac problems and age related macular degeneration. Vitamin A contains anti ageing properties that prevent formation of fine lines and wrinkles on the skin assisting in cell rejuvenation. Food sources of Vitamin A Dietary sources of vitamin A include milk, dairy products such as cheese, butter, yogurt, fish liver oils, eggs, chicken, liver, beef, kidney, fruits like mangoes, peaches, apricots, cantaloupe, winter squash, leafy vegetables, pumpkin, carrots and sweet potatoes. Vitamin A Deficiency Vision problems including night blindness, growth retardation, low resistance often leading to infectious diseases, fatigue, depression, anxiety, kidney stones, bladder problems, skin disorders, anaemia, sleeplessness, nerve damage and gum disease are some of the symptoms correlated with Vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) Vitamin D is essential for appropriate utilisation of calcium and phosphorous in the body. Functions of Vitamin D Since Vitamin D is concerned with calcium metabolism, they control the absorption of phosphorous and calcium from the small intestine. Therefore is vital for the development of strong teeth and healthy bones. Food sources of Vitamin D Dairy products and milk are loaded with vitamin D in abundance. So also are cereals, liver, eggs, cod liver oils and oily fish such as sardines, salmon and herring. Vitamin D Deficiency Vitamin D deficiency may lead to osteomalacia, rickets, sleeplessness, weak bones, muscles and osteoporosis. Vitamin E (Tocopherol) Another fat-soluble vitamin, laden with antioxidant properties Vitamin E, contains innumerable health and beauty benefits. Functions of Vitamin E Vitamin E supports cardiac health by maintaining healthy cholesterol levels. They protect the body of free radicals and prevent infections thereby enhancing the body’s immune system. Apart from this, they also reduce the risk of cancers of the prostrate and the breast. Vitamin E when applied locally on the skin removes stretch marks, scars and relieves burns. Combined with Vitamin A and C they delay the process of ageing preventing formation of fine lines and wrinkles, keeping the skin soft, supple and smooth. Sources of Vitamin E Richly endowed with vitamin E are hazelnuts, Brazil nuts, walnuts, almonds, sunflower seeds, Green leafy vegetables, liver, fortified cereals, mangoes, avocados, corn, broccoli, spinach, Sweet potatoes, asparagus, yams, soya, wheat germ oil, wheat germ, eggs, margarine, Butter, and oils like olive, safflower, peanut, sunflower and sesame. Vitamin E deficiency Vitamin E deficiency is not so common, as the body has the ability to store this fat-soluble vitamin. However, there are few symptoms suggestive of vitamin E deficiency, such as anaemia, problems of reproductive system, renal deterioration, cardiac problems and skin disorders. Vitamin K (Phytonadione) Vitamin K or phytonadione popularly known as known as the vitamin for “blood clotting” is required for the incidence of prothrombin of blood that helps prevent excessive bleeding from a wound or cut. Functions of Vitamin K Vitamin K keeps coronary artery diseases at bay, prevents formation of kidney stones, regulate calcium levels in the body that is responsible for building strong healthy bones and teeth. They help in elevation of bone mass thus preventing osteoporosis. Food sources of Vitamin K. Leafy green vegetables, soybeans, dairy products, meats, legumes and vegetables are some of the sources of Vitamin K. Vitamin K deficiency Vitamin K deficiency is generally identified in people with improper digestive health. People deficient in vitamin K are easily prone to injury and bruises, which becomes rather critical, due to the body’s inability to clot blood. Hence, all types of vitamins are imperative for overall health. Therefore, in order to develop a healthy body and mind, consuming a healthy well balanced diet enriched with all the benefits of these vitamins is highly recommended. However, under certain conditions supplements may be required to be taken along with a healthy diet. In such cases, it would be wise to consult a medical practitioner, to avoid excessive doses often leading to a plethora of problems.
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Centravit tablete – Uputa o lijeku Proizvođač: Dietpharm Samo na recept? NE Skoči na: » opis » primjena » doziranje » napomene Opis Sastojci vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, B-karoten, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, biotin, folna kiselina, niacin, kalcijSrebrno-žuti metal, najobilniji mineral u tijelu. U kombinaciji s fosforom tvori spoj kalcijev fosfat, gusti tvrdi materijal u kostima i u zubima. Esencijalni je element, a razina u krvi mora mu biti u uskim granicama jer je vrlo važan za normalan srčani ritam kao i za normalnu funkciju mišića i živaca. Ima ulogu u zgrušavanju krvi te u brojnim enzimatskim procesima., fosfor, krom, željezo , kalij, klor, jod, magnezij, mangan, molibden, selen, cink i bakar SASTAV Jedna tableta sadrži 162 mg kalcija, 125 mg fosfora, 100 mg magnezija, 60 mg vitamina C, 40 mg kalija, 36,3 mg klorida, 18 mg vitamina B3, 10 mg vitamina E, 6 mg vitamina B5, 5 mg cinka, 4 mg željeza, 2 mg vitamina B6, 1,6 mg vitamina B2, 1,4 mg vitamina B1, 1 mg bakra, 1 mg mangana, 800 µg vitamina A (sa 20%-tnim beta karotenom), 200 µg folne kiseline, 150 µg biotina, 100 µg joda, 30 µg vitamina K1, 25 µg kroma, 25 µg molibdena, 25 µg selena, 5 µg vitamina D3 i 1 µg vitamina B12. OPREMA Kutija sa 30 ili 50 tableta u blisterima. NAČIN ČUVANJA Čuvati na tamnom i suhom mjestu, pri temperaturi do 25° C. UPOZORENJE Držati izvan dohvata djece. ROK VALJANOSTI Naveden je na kutiji. Primjena Namjena za svakodnevnu nadopunu organizma vitaminima, mineralima i oligoelementima kod izloženosti stresu, neredovite i jednolične prehrane, osjećaja umora i iscrpljenosti kod rekreativnog ili profesionalnog bavljenja sportom za očuvanje zdravlja, poboljšanje psihofizičke snage i sposobnosti. Svojstva i područje primjene Centravit® sadrži dvadesetsedam međusobno usklađenih vitamina i minerala. Ti nutrijenti su esencijalni, tj. potrebni za život, a naše ih tijelo ne može samo izgraditi te ih se stoga mora redovito unositi hranom. Dovoljna opskrba tim tvarima važna je za očuvanje zdravlja i psihofizičkih sposobnosti.Današnjim načinom života i prehrane uvijek iznova dolazi do povećanih potreba za vitaminima i mineralima. To se često događa kod djece, mladih i starijih ljudi, posebice kod trudnica, športaša i fizičkih radnika. Osobe koje se hrane izvan kuće gotovom hranom, koje provode razne dijete ili kure mršavljenja, također moraju nadomještati te vitalne sastojke. Tijelu je osim toga često potrebna povećana opskrba zaštitnim tvarima, kako bi bilo doraslo opterećenjima svakodnevnog života i okoliša. Vitamini imaju u odvijanju ukupnog metabolizma ulogu zaštite i regulacije. U različitim količinama vitamini su sadržani u gotovo svim namirnicama, naročito u svježem voću i povrću. Treba razlikovati vitamine topive u mastima i vitamine topive u vodi. Vitamini topivi u mastima su vitamini A, D, E i K. Kod dovoljne opskrbe organizam ih može pohranjivati tijekom duljeg vremena. U vitamine topive u vodi ubrajaju se vitamini B1, B2, B5, B6 i B12, folna kiselina, niacin, biotin i vitamin C. Osim vitamina B12, oni se mogu pohranjivati tek u malom opsegu. Stoga je za njih naročito važno da se kontinuirano unose u tijelo. Minerali imaju važne izgradne i regulacijske funkcije u kostima i vezivnim tkivima. Osim toga djeluju kao aktivatori ili sastojci enzima, hormona i crvenih krvnih stanica, a važni su i za funkciju živaca. Antioksidansi Vitamini beta-karoten (provitamin A), vitamin C i vitamin E te mineral selen, djeluju kao antioksidansi, tj. pomažu kod obrane od agresivnih supstancija, takozvanih slobodnih radikala. Slobodni radikali djeluju na organizam iz okoline, ali ih može stvarati i samo tijelo, npr. zbog povećanih opterećenja. Antioksidansi su stoga naročito važni za održanje obrambenih snaga i funkcionalnu sposobnost našeg organizma. Vitamini Vitamin A - sudjeluje u stvaranju vidnog pigmenta, značajan je za rast kostiju, epitelno tkivo i zametne stanice. Beta-karoten - pridonosi održavanju stabilnosti stanica, a tijelo ga prema potrebi može pretvoriti u vitamin A. Vitamin D - potpomaže stvaranje kostiju i zubi te regulira metabolizam kalcija i fosfata. Vitamin E - sudjeluje u zaštiti mišićnog, živčanog, ali i drugih tkiva. Snažnim antioksidacijskim djelovanjem pridonosi stabilnosti i funkcionalnoj sposobnosti stanica. Vitamin K1 - sudjeluje u proizvodnji važnih tjelesnih proteina, posebno onih koji su odgovorni za zgrušavanje krvi. Vitamin C - jača vlastite tjelesne obrambene snage. Naročito je važan za kosti, hrskavice, vezivno tkivo i zube. Kao antioksidans štiti stanicu od agresivnih supstancija i njihova razarajućeg djelovanja. Biotin - sastojak mnogih enzima, značajan za metabolizam ugljikohidrata, aminokiselina i masti. Od velike je važnosti za kožu, kosu i nokte. Folna kiselina - ima odlučujuću ulogu kod izgradnje stanica, posebno krvnih. Jednako je važna za razvoj i funkcije živčanog sustava. Niacin - sudjeluje u staničnom disanju i stvaranju energije u stanicama. Vitamin B1 (tiamin) - ima središnji značaj za metabolizam ugljikohidrata i dobivanje energije, a time i za srce, živčani sustav, pokretanje mišića i rast. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - prijeko potreban za ukupni metabolizam ugljikohidrata, masti i aminokiselina, a posebno je važan za zdravlje kože, očiju i živaca. Vitamin B5 (pantotenska kiselina) - značajan za metabolizam ugljikohidrata, masti, aminokiselina i nekih hormona. Vitamin B6 (piridoksin) - ima središnju ulogu u metabolizmu aminokiselina i izgradnji proteina. Bitno potpomaže funkciju živčanog sustava. Vitamin B12 (cijanokobalamin) - uključen je u gotovo sve metaboličke tokove, a posebno je važan za živčani sustav, sintezu proteina te rast i razvoj svih stanica. Minerali Kalcij - značajan za izgradnju i održavanje kostiju, zubi i kolagenih vlakana. Odgovoran je za skladan rad mišića i živaca, te za rad srca. Fosfor - kao i kalcij sudjeluje u izgradnji kostiju i zubi, a potpomaže i funkciju mišića i živaca. Neophodan je za dobivanje i iskorištavanje energije u tijelu. Magnezij - prijeko potreban za aktivnost brojnih enzima. Uključen je u metabolizam proteina, masti i ugljikohidrata. Važan je za funkciju srca, mišića i živaca. Kalij - sudjeluje u regulaciji tekućine u tijelu, mišićnoj aktivnosti, prijenosu živčanih impulsa, te utječe na rast i diobu stanica. Klorid - sudjeluje u regulaciji metabolizama vode u tijelu. Bakar - sastojak mnogih enzima i bitna podrška metabolizmu. Cink - sastojak mnogih enzima, ali i njihov aktivator, bitan za imunitet i rast. Jod - neophodan za izgradnju hormona štitnjače. Krom - stimulira enzime važne za metabolizam masnih kiselina i sudjeluje u metabolizmu glukoze. Mangan - potreban za normalan razvoj kostiju te potpomaže proizvodnju hormona. Molibden - aktivira enzime u metabolizmu ugljikohidrata, masti i željeza. Selen - sastojak važnog enzima koji “hvata” slobodne radikale, ujedno važan za funkciju štitnjače i stimulaciju imuniteta. Silicij - nezamjenjiv za održavanje čvrstoće vezivnog tkiva, hrskavica, kosti, kose, noktiju i zubi. Željezo - važno za prijenos kisika i stanično disanje. Doziranje Način primjene Odrasle osobe uzimaju jednu tabletu na dan uz jedan od obroka. Već jedna Centravit® tableta pokriva dnevne potrebe za vitaminima i mineralima. Ukoliko je potrebno tableta se može lagano prelomiti u dvije polovice. Napomene PROIZVOĐAČ FIDIFARM d.o.o., Rakitje, Hrvatska i SWISS CAPS AG,Kirchberg, Švicarska u suradnji. Amantilla Relax Značajno ublažava stres i tjeskobu. Tensilen Prirodno rješenje za stres, umor i iscrpljenost.