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Sertraline 100mg Tablets Last Updated on eMC 24-Sep-2013 View changes | Aurobindo Pharma - Milpharm Ltd. Contact details Name of the medicinal product Qualitative and quantitative composition Pharmaceutical form Clinical particulars - 4.1 Therapeutic indications - 4.2 Posology and method of administration - 4.3 Contraindications - 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use - 4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction - 4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation - 4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines - 4.8 Undesirable effects - 4.9 Overdose Pharmacological properties - 5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties - 5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties - 5.3 Preclinical safety data Pharmaceutical particulars - 6.1 List of excipients - 6.2 Incompatibilities - 6.3 Shelf life - 6.4 Special precautions for storage - 6.5 Nature and contents of container - 6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling Marketing authorisation holder Marketing authorisation number(s) Date of first authorisation/renewal of the authorisation Date of revision of the text Initial treatment Depression and OCDSertraline treatment should be started at a dose of 50 mg/day. Panic Disorder, PTSD, and Social Anxiety DisorderTherapy should be initiated at 25 mg/day. After one week, the dose should be increased to 50 mg once daily. This dosage regimen has been shown to reduce the frequency of early treatment emergent side effects characteristic of panic disorder. Titration Depression, OCD, Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder and PTSDPatients not responding to a 50 mg dose may benefit from dose increases. Dose changes should be made in steps of 50 mg at intervals of at least one week, up to a maximum of 200 mg/day. Changes in dose should not be made more frequently than once per week given the 24-hour elimination half life of sertraline. The onset of therapeutic effect may be seen within 7 days. However, longer periods are usually necessary to demonstrate therapeutic response, especially in OCD. MaintenanceDosage during long-term therapy should be kept at the lowest effective level, with subsequent adjustment depending on therapeutic response. DepressionLonger-term treatment may also be appropriate for prevention of recurrence of major depressive episodes (MDE). In most of the cases, the recommended dose in prevention of recurrence of MDE is the same as the one used during current episode. Patients with depression should be treated for a sufficient period of time of at least 6 months to ensure they are free from symptoms. Panic disorder and OCDContinued treatment in panic disorder and OCD should be evaluated regularly, as relapse prevention has not been shown for these disorders. Paediatric population Children and adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder Age 13-17 years: Initially 50 mg once daily. Age 6-12 years: Initially 25 mg once daily. The dosage may be increased to 50 mg once daily after one week. Subsequent doses may be increased in case of less than desired response in 50 mg increments over a period of some weeks, as needed. The maximum dosage is 200 mg daily. However, the generally lower body weights of children compared to those of adults should be taken into consideration when increasing the dose from 50 mg. Dose changes should not occur at intervals of less than one week. Efficacy is not shown in paediatric major depressive disorder. No data is available for children under 6 years of age (see also section 4.4) Use in elderlyElderly should be dosed carefully, as elderly may be more at risk for hyponatraemia (see section 4.4). Use in hepatic insufficiencyThe use of sertraline in patients with hepatic disease should be approached with caution. A lower or less frequent dose should be used in patients with hepatic impairment (see section 4.4). Sertraline should not be used in cases of severe hepatic impairment as no clinical data are available (see section 4.4). Use in renal insufficiencyNo dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with renal insufficiency (see section 4.4). Withdrawal symptoms seen on discontinuation of sertralineAbrupt discontinuation should be avoided. When stopping treatment with sertraline the dose should be gradually reduced over a period of at least one to two weeks in order to reduce the risk of withdrawal reactions (see sections 4.4 and 4.8). If intolerable symptoms occur following a decrease in the dose or upon discontinuation of treatment, then resuming the previously prescribed dose may be considered. Subsequently, the physician may continue decreasing the dose, but at a more gradual rate. Serotonin Syndrome (SS) or Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)The development of potentially life-threatening syndromes like serotonin syndrome (SS) or Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) has been reported with SSRIs, including treatment with sertraline. The risk of SS or NMS with SSRIs is increased with concomitant use of serotonergic drugs (including triptans), with drugs which impair metabolism of serotonin (including MAOIs), antipsychotics and other dopamine antagonists. Patients should be monitored for the emergence of signs and symptoms of SS or NMS syndrome (see section 4.3 - Contraindications). Switching from Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), antidepressants or antiobsessional drugsThere is limited controlled experience regarding the optimal timing of switching from SSRIs, antidepressants or antiobsessional drugs to sertraline. Care and prudent medical judgment should be exercised when switching, particularly from long-acting agents such as fluoxetine. Other serotonergic drugs e.g. tryptophan, fenfluramine and 5-HT agonistsCo-administration of sertraline with other drugs which enhance the effects of serotonergic neurotransmission such as tryptophan or fenfluramine or 5-HT agonists, or the herbal medicine, St John's Wort (hypericum perforatum), should be undertaken with caution and avoided whenever possible due to the potential for a pharmacodynamic interaction. Activation of hypomania or maniaManic/hypomanic symptoms have been reported to emerge in a small proportion of patients treated with marketed antidepressant and antiobsessional drugs, including sertraline. Therefore sertraline should be used with caution in patients with a history of mania/hypomania. Close surveillance by the physician is required. Sertraline should be discontinued in any patient entering a manic phase. SchizophreniaPsychotic symptoms might become aggravated in schizophrenic patients. SeizuresSeizures may occur with sertraline therapy: sertraline should be avoided in patients with unstable epilepsy and patients with controlled epilepsy should be carefully monitored. Sertraline should be discontinued in any patient who develops seizures. Suicide/suicidal thoughts/suicide attempts or clinical worseningDepression is associated with an increased risk of suicidal thoughts, self harm and suicide (suiciderelated events). This risk persists until significant remission occurs. As improvement may not occur during the first few weeks or more of treatment, patients should be closely monitored until such improvement occurs. It is general clinical experience that the risk of suicide may increase in the early stages of recovery. Other psychiatric conditions, for which sertraline is prescribed, can also be associated with an increased risk of suicide-related events. In addition, these conditions may be co-morbid with major depressive disorder. The same precautions observed when treating patients with major depressive disorder should therefore be observed when treating patients with other psychiatric disorders. Patients with a history of suicide-related events, or those exhibiting a significant degree of suicidal ideation prior to commencement of treatment are known to be at greater risk of suicidal thoughts or suicide attempts, and should receive careful monitoring during treatment. A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled clinical trials of antidepressant drugs in adult patients with psychiatric disorders showed an increased risk of suicidal behaviour with antidepressants compared to placebo in patients less than 25 years old. Close supervision of patients and in particular those at high risk should accompany drug therapy especially in early treatment and following dose changes. Patients (and caregivers of patients) should be alerted about the need to monitor for any clinical worsening, suicidal behaviour or thoughts and unusual changes in behaviour and to seek medical advice immediately if these symptoms present. Use in children and adolescents under 18 years of ageSertraline should not be used in the treatment of children and adolescents under the age of 18 years, except for patients with obsessive compulsive disorder aged 6-17 years old. Suicide-related behaviours (suicide attempt and suicidal thoughts), and hostility (predominantly aggression, oppositional behaviour and anger) were more frequently observed in clinical trials among children and adolescents treated with antidepressants compared to those treated with placebo. If, based on clinical need, a decision to treat is nevertheless taken; the patient should be carefully monitored for appearance of suicidal symptoms. In addition, long-term safety data in children and adolescents concerning growth, maturation and cognitive and behavioural development are lacking. Physicians must monitor paediatric patients on long term treatment for abnormalities in these body systems. Abnormal bleeding/HaemorrhageThere have been reports of cutaneous bleeding abnormalities such as ecchymoses and purpura and other hemorrhagic events such as gastrointestinal or gynaecological bleeding, with SSRIs. Caution is advised in patients taking SSRIs, particularly in concomitant use with drugs known to affect platelet function (e.g. anticoagulants, atypical antipsychotics and phenothiazines, most tricyclic antidepressants, acetylsalicylic acid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)) as well as in patients with a history of bleeding disorders (see section 4.5). HyponatraemiaHyponatraemia may occur as a result of treatment with SSRIs or SNRIs including sertraline. In many cases, hyponatraemia appears to be the result of a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Cases of serum sodium levels lower than 110 mmol/l have been reported. Elderly patients may be at greater risk of developing hyponatraemia with SSRIs and SNRIs. Also patients taking diuretics or who are otherwise volume-depleted may be at greater risk (see Use in elderly). Discontinuation of sertraline should be considered in patients with symptomatic hyponatraemia and appropriate medical intervention should be instituted. Signs and symptoms of hyponatraemia include headache, difficulty concentrating, memory impairment, confusion, weakness and unsteadiness which may lead to falls. Signs and symptoms associated with more severe and/or acute cases have included hallucination, syncope, seizure, coma, respiratory arrest, and death. Withdrawal symptoms seen on discontinuation of sertraline treatmentWithdrawal symptoms when treatment is discontinued are common, particularly if discontinuation is abrupt (see section 4.8). In clinical trials, among patients treated with sertraline, the incidence of reported withdrawal reactions was 23% in those discontinuing sertraline compared to 12% in those who continued to receive sertraline treatment. The risk of withdrawal symptoms may be dependent on several factors including the duration and dose of therapy and the rate of dose reduction. Dizziness, sensory disturbances (including paraesthesia), sleep disturbances (including insomnia and intense dreams), agitation or anxiety, nausea and/or vomiting, tremor and headache are the most commonly reported reactions. Generally these symptoms are mild to moderate; however, in some patients they may be severe in intensity. They usually occur within the first few days of discontinuing treatment, but there have been very rare reports of such symptoms in patients who have inadvertently missed a dose. Generally these symptoms are self-limiting and usually resolve within 2 weeks, though in some individuals they may be prolonged (2-3 months or more). It is therefore advised that sertraline should be gradually tapered when discontinuing treatment over a period of several weeks or months, according to the patient's needs (see section 4.2). Akathisia/psychomotor restlessnessThe use of sertraline has been associated with the development of akathisia, characterised by a subjectively unpleasant or distressing restlessness and need to move often accompanied by an inability to sit or stand still. This is most likely to occur within the first few weeks of treatment. In patients who develop these symptoms, increasing the dose may be detrimental. Hepatic impairmentSertraline is extensively metabolised by the liver. A multiple dose pharmacokinetic study in subjects with mild, stable cirrhosis demonstrated a prolonged elimination half life and approximately threefold greater AUC and Cmax in comparison to normal subjects. There were no significant differences in plasma protein binding observed between the two groups. The use of sertraline in patients with hepatic disease must be approached with caution. If sertraline is administered to patients with hepatic impairment, a lower or less frequent dose should be considered. Sertraline should not be used in patients with severe hepatic impairment (see section 4.2). Renal impairmentSertraline is extensively metabolised, and excretion of unchanged drug in urine is a minor route of elimination. In studies of patients with mild to moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance 30-60 ml/min) or moderate to severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance 10-29 ml/min), multiple-dose pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0-24 or Cmax) were not significantly different compared with controls. Sertraline dosing does not have to be adjusted based on the degree of renal impairment. Use in elderlyOver 700 elderly patients (>65 years) have participated in clinical studies. The pattern and incidence of adverse reactions in the elderly was similar to that in younger patients. SSRIs or SNRIs including sertraline have however been associated with cases of clinically significant hyponatraemia in elderly patients, who may be at greater risk for this adverse event (see Hyponatraemia in section 4.4). DiabetesIn patients with diabetes, treatment with an SSRI may alter glycaemic control. Insulin and/or oral hypoglycaemic dosage may need to be adjusted. Electroconvulsive therapy There are no clinical studies establishing the risks or benefits of the combined use of ECT and sertraline. Grapefruit juiceThe administration of sertraline with grapefruit juice is not recommended (see section 4.5). Interference with urine screening testsFalse-positive urine immunoassay screening tests for benzodiazepines have been reported in patients taking sertraline. This is due to lack of specificity of the screening tests. False-positive test results may be expected for several days following discontinuation of sertraline therapy. Confirmatory tests, such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, will distinguish sertraline from benzodiazepines. Angle-Closure GlaucomaSSRIs including sertraline may have an effect on pupil size resulting in mydriasis. This mydriatic effect has the potential to narrow the eye angle resulting in increased intraocular pressure and angle-closure glaucoma, especially in patients pre-disposed. Sertraline should therefore be used with caution in patients with angle-closure glaucoma or history of glaucoma. Contraindicated Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Irreversible (non-selective) MAOIs (selegiline)Sertraline must not be used in combination with irreversible (non-selective) MAOIs such as selegiline. Sertraline must not be initiated for at least 14 days after discontinuation of treatment with an irreversible (non-selective) MAOI. Sertraline must be discontinued for at least 7 days before starting treatment with an irreversible (non-selective) MAOI (see section 4.3). Reversible, selective MAO-A inhibitor (moclobemide)Due to the risk of serotonin syndrome, the combination of sertraline with a reversible and selective MAOI, such as moclobemide, should not be given. Following treatment with a reversible MAO-inhibitor, a shorter withdrawal period than 14 days may be used before initiation of sertraline treatment. It is recommended that sertraline should be discontinued for at least 7 days before starting treatment with a reversible MAOI (see section 4.3). Reversible, non-selective MAOI (linezolid)The antibiotic linezolid is a weak reversible and non-selective MAOI and should not be given to patients treated with sertraline (see section 4.3). Severe adverse reactions have been reported in patients who have recently been discontinued from an MAOI and started on sertraline, or have recently had sertraline therapy discontinued prior to initiation of an MAOI. These reactions have included tremor, myoclonus, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, flushing, dizziness, and hyperthermia with features resembling neuroleptic malignant syndrome, seizures, and death. PimozideIncreased pimozide levels of approximately 35% have been demonstrated in a study of a single low dose pimozide (2 mg). These increased levels were not associated with any changes in EKG. While the mechanism of this interaction is unknown, due to the narrow therapeutic index of pimozide, concomitant administration of sertraline and pimozide is contraindicated (see section 4.3). Co-administration with sertraline is not recommended CNS depressants and alcoholThe co-administration of sertraline 200 mg daily did not potentiate the effects of alcohol, carbamazepine, haloperidol, or phenytoin on cognitive and psychomotor performance in healthy subjects; however, the concomitant use of sertraline and alcohol is not recommended. Other serotonergic drugsSee section 4.4. Caution is also advised with fentanyl used in general anaesthesia or in the treatment of chronic pain. Special Precautions LithiumIn a placebo-controlled trial in normal volunteers, the co-administration of sertraline with lithium did not significantly alter lithium pharmacokinetics, but did result in an increase in tremor relative to placebo, indicating a possible pharmacodynamic interaction. When co-administering sertraline with lithium, patients should be appropriately monitored. PhenytoinA placebo-controlled trial in normal volunteers suggests that chronic administration of sertraline 200 mg/day does not produce clinically important inhibition of phenytoin metabolism. Nonetheless, as some case reports have emerged of high phenytoin exposure in patients using sertraline, it is recommended that plasma phenytoin concentrations be monitored following initiation of sertraline therapy, with appropriate adjustments to the phenytoin dose. In addition, co-administration of phenytoin may cause a reduction of sertraline plasma levels. It cannot be excluded that other CYP3A4 inducers, e.g. phenobarbital, carbamazepine, St John's Wort, rifampicin may cause a reduction of sertraline plasma levels. TriptansThere have been rare post-marketing reports describing patients with weakness, hyperreflexia, incoordination, confusion, anxiety and agitation following the use of sertraline and sumatriptan. Symptoms of serotonergic syndrome may also occur with other products of the same class (triptans). If concomitant treatment with sertraline and triptans is clinically warranted, appropriate observation of the patient is advised (see section 4.4). WarfarinCo-administration of sertraline 200 mg daily with warfarin resulted in a small but statistically significant increase in prothrombin time, which may in some rare cases unbalance the INR value. Accordingly, prothrombin time should be carefully monitored when sertraline therapy is initiated or stopped. Other drug interactions, digoxin, atenolol, cimetidineCo-administration with cimetidine caused a substantial decrease in sertraline clearance. The clinical significance of these changes is unknown. Sertraline had no effect on the beta-adrenergic blocking ability of atenolol. No interaction of sertraline 200 mg daily was observed with digoxin. Drugs affecting platelet functionThe risk of bleeding may be increased when medicines acting on platelet function (e.g. NSAIDs, acetylsalicylic acid and ticlopidine) or other medicines that might increase bleeding risk are concomitantly administered with SSRIs, including sertraline (see section 4.4). Drugs Metabolized by Cytochrome P450Sertraline may act as a mild-moderate inhibitor of CYP 2D6. Chronic dosing with sertraline 50 mg daily showed moderate elevation (mean 23%-37%) of steady-state desipramine plasma levels (a marker of CYP 2D6 isozyme activity). Clinical relevant interactions may occur with other CYP 2D6 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index like class 1C antiarrhythmics such as propafenone and flecainide, TCAs and typical antipsychotics, especially at higher sertraline dose levels. Sertraline does not act as an inhibitor of CYP 3A4, CYP 2C9, CYP 2C19, and CYP 1A2 to a clinically significant degree. This has been confirmed by in-vivo interaction studies with CYP3A4 substrates (endogenous cortisol, carbamazepine, terfenadine, alprazolam), CYP2C19 substrate diazepam, and CYP2C9 substrates tolbutamide, glibenclamide and phenytoin. In vitro studies indicate that sertraline has little or no potential to inhibit CYP 1A2. Intake of three glasses of grapefruit juice daily increased the sertraline plasma levels by approximately 100% in a cross-over study in eight Japanese healthy subjects. Therefore, the intake of grapefruit juice should be avoided during treatment withsertraline (see section 4.4). Based on the interaction study with grapefruit juice, it cannot be excluded that the concomitant administration of sertraline and potent CYP3A4 inhibitors, e.g. protease inhibitors, ketoconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, clarithromycin, telithromycin and nefazodone, would result in even larger increases in exposure of sertraline. This also concerns moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors, e.g. aprepitant, erythromycin, fluconazole, verapamil and diltiazem. The intake of potent CYP3A4 inhibitors should be avoided during treatment with sertraline. Sertraline plasma levels are enhanced by about 50% in poor metabolizers of CYP2C19 compared to rapid metabolizers (see section 5.2). Interaction with strong inhibitors of CYP2C19, e.g. omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine cannot be excluded. PregnancyThere are no well controlled studies in pregnant women. However, a substantial amount of data did not reveal evidence of induction of congenital malformations by sertraline. Animal studies showed evidence for effects on reproduction probably due to maternal toxicity caused by the pharmacodynamic action of the compound and/or direct pharmacodynamic action of the compound on the foetus (see 5.3). Use of sertraline during pregnancy has been reported to cause symptoms, compatible with withdrawal reactions, in some neonates, whose mothers had been on sertraline. This phenomenon has also been observed with other SSRI antidepressants. Sertraline is not recommended in pregnancy, unless the clinical condition of the woman is such that the benefit of the treatment is expected to outweigh the potential risk. Neonates should be observed if maternal use of sertraline continues into the later stages of pregnancy, particularly the third trimester. The following symptoms may occur in the neonate after maternal sertraline use in later stages of pregnancy: respiratory distress, cyanosis, apnoea, seizures, temperature instability, feeding difficulty, vomiting, hypoglycaemia, hypertonia, hypotonia, hyperreflexia, tremor, jitteriness, irritability, lethargy, constant crying, somnolence and difficulty in sleeping. These symptoms could be due to either serotonergic effects or withdrawal symptoms. In a majority of instances the complications begin immediately or soon (<24 hours) after delivery. Epidemiological data have suggested that the use of SSRIs in pregnancy, particularly in late pregnancy, may increase the risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn (PPHN). The observed risk was approximately 5 cases per 1000 pregnancies. In the general population 1 to 2 cases of PPHN per 1000 pregnancies occur. LactationPublished data concerning sertraline levels in breast milk show that small quantities of sertraline and its metabolite N-desmethylsertraline are excreted in milk. Generally neglible to undetectable levels were found in infant serum, with one exception of an infant with serum levels about 50% of the maternal level (but without a noticeable health effect in this infant). To date, no adverse effects on the health of infants nursed by mothers using sertraline have been reported, but a risk cannot be excluded. Use in nursing mothers is not recommended unless, in the judgment of the physician, the benefit outweighs the risk. FertilityAnimal data did not show an effect of sertraline on fertility parameters (see section 5.3.). Human case reports with some SSRIs have shown that an effect on sperm quality is reversible. Impact on human fertility has not been observed so far. Withdrawal symptoms seen on discontinuation of sertraline treatmentDiscontinuation of sertraline (particularly when abrupt) commonly leads to withdrawal symptoms. Dizziness, sensory disturbances (including paraesthesia), sleep disturbances (including insomnia and intense dreams), agitation or anxiety, nausea and/or vomiting, tremor and headache are the most commonly reported. Generally these events are mild to moderate and are self-limiting; however, in some patients they may be severe and/or prolonged. It is therefore advised that when sertraline treatment is no longer required, gradual discontinuation by dose tapering should be carried out (see sections 4.2 and 4.4). Elderly populationSSRIs or SNRIs including sertraline have been associated with cases of clinically significant hyponatraemia in elderly patients, who may be at greater risk for this adverse event (see section 4.4). Paediatric populationIn over 600 paediatric patients treated with sertraline, the overall profile of adverse reactions was generally similar to that seen in adult studies. The following adverse reactions were reported from controlled trials (n=281 patients treated with sertraline):Very common (≥1/10): Headache (22%), insomnia (21%), diarrhoea (11%) and nausea (15%). Common (≥1/100 to <1/10): Chest pain, mania, pyrexia, vomiting, anorexia, affect lability, aggression, agitation, nervousness, disturbance in attention, dizziness, hyperkinesia, migraine, somnolence, tremor, visual disturbance, dry mouth, dyspepsia, nightmare, fatigue, urinary incontinence, rash, acne, epistaxis, flatulence. Uncommon (≥1/1000 to <1/100): ECG QT prolonged, suicide attempt, convulsion, extrapyramidal disorder, paraesthesia, depression, hallucination, purpura, hyperventilation, anaemia, hepatic function abnormal, alanine aminotransferase increased, cystitis, herpes simplex, otitis externa, ear pain, eye pain, mydriasis, malaise, haematuria, rash pustular, rhinitis, injury, weight decreased, muscle twitching, abnormal dreams, apathy, albuminuria, pollakiuria, polyuria, breast pain, menstrual disorder, alopecia, dermatitis, skin disorder, skin odour abnormal, urticaria, bruxism, flushing. Frequency not known (cannot be estimated from the available data): enuresis Class effectsEpidemiological studies, mainly conducted in patients 50 years of age and older, show an increased risk of bone fractures in patients receiving SSRIs and TCAs. The mechanism leading to this risk is unknown. ToxicityOn the evidence available, sertraline has a wide margin of safety in overdose. Overdoses of sertraline alone of up to 13.5 g have been reported. Deaths have been reported involving overdoses of sertraline, primarily in combination with other drugs and/or alcohol. Therefore, any overdosage should be medically treated aggressively. SymptomsSymptoms of overdose include serotonin-mediated side effects such as somnolence, gastrointestinal disturbances (such as nausea and vomiting), tachycardia, tremor, agitation and dizziness. Less frequently reported was coma. TreatmentThere are no specific antidotes to sertraline. Establish and maintain an airway and ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation, if necessary. Activated charcoal, which may be used with a cathartic, may be as or more effective than lavage, and should be considered in treating overdose. Induction of emesis is not recommended. Cardiac and other vital sign monitoring is recommended, along with general symptomatic and supportive measures. Due to the large volume of distribution of sertraline, forced diuresis, dialysis, haemoperfusion and exchange transfusion are unlikely to be of benefit. Sertraline overdose may prolong the QT-interval, and ECG-monitoring is recommended in all ingestions of sertraline overdoses. Clinical Trials Major Depressive DisorderA study was conducted which involved depressed outpatients who had responded by the end of an initial 8-week open treatment phase on sertraline 50-200 mg/day. These patients (n=295) were randomized to continuation for 44 weeks on double-blind sertraline 50-200 mg/day or placebo. A statistically significantly lower relapse rate was observed for patients taking sertraline compared to those on placebo. The mean dose for completers was 70 mg/day. The % of responders (defined as those patients that did not relapse) for sertraline and placebo arms were 83.4% and 60.8%, respectively. Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)Combined data from the 3 studies of PTSD in the general population found a lower response rate in males compared to females. In the two positive general population trials, the male and female sertraline vs. placebo responder rates were similar (females: 57.2% vs 34.5%; males: 53.9% vs 38.2%). The number of male and female patients in the pooled general population trials was 184 and 430, respectively and hence the results in females are more robust and males were associated with other baseline variables (more substance abuse, longer duration, source of trauma etc) which are correlated with decreased effect. Paediatric OCDThe safety and efficacy of sertraline (50-200 mg/day) was examined in the treatment of non-depressed children (6-12 years old) and adolescent (13-17 years old) outpatients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). After a one week single blind placebo lead-in, patients were randomly assigned to twelve weeks of flexible dose treatment with either sertraline or placebo. Children (6-12 years old) were initially started on a 25 mg dose. Patients randomized to sertraline showed significantly greater improvement than those randomised to placebo on the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale CY-BOCS (p =0.005) the NIMH Global Obsessive Compulsive Scale (p=0.019), and the CGI Improvement (p =0.002) scales. In addition, a trend toward greater improvement in the sertraline group than the placebo group was also observed on the CGI Severity scale (p=0.089). For CY-BOCs the mean baseline and change from baseline scores for the placebo group was 22.25 ± 6.15 and -3.4 ± 0.82, respectively, while for the sertraline group, the mean baseline and change from baseline scores were 23.36 ± 4.56 and -6.8 ± 0.87, respectively. In a post-hoc analysis, responders, defined as patients with a 25% or greater decrease in the CY-BOCs (the primary efficacy measure) from baseline to endpoint, were 53% of sertraline-treated patients compared to 37% of placebo-treated patients (p=0.03). Long term safety and efficacy data are lacking for this paediatric population. No data is available for children under 6 years of age. AbsorptionSertraline exhibits dose proportional pharmacokinetics in the range of 50 to 200 mg. In man, following an oral once-daily dosage of 50 to 200 mg for 14 days, peak plasma concentrations of sertraline occur at 4.5 to 8.4 hours after the daily administration of the drug. Food does not significantly change the bioavailability of sertraline tablets. DistributionApproximately 98% of the circulating drug is bound to plasma proteins. Biotransformation Sertraline undergoes extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism. EliminationThe mean half-life of sertraline is approximately 26 hours (range 22-36 hours). Consistent with the terminal elimination half-life, there is an approximately two-fold accumulation up to steady state concentrations, which are achieved after one week of once-daily dosing. The half-life of N-desmethylsertraline is in the range of 62 to 104 hours. Sertraline and N-desmethylsertraline are both extensively metabolized in man and the resultant metabolites excreted in faeces and urine in equal amounts. Only a small amount (<0.2%) of unchanged sertraline is excreted in the urine. Pharmacokinetics in specific patient groups Paediatric patients with OCDPharmacokinetics of sertraline was studied in 29 paediatric patients aged 6-12 years old, and 32 adolescent patients aged 13-17 years old. Patients were gradual uptitrated to a 200 mg daily dose within 32 days, either with 25 mg starting dose and increment steps, or with 50 mg starting dose or increments. The 25 mg regimen and the 50 mg regimen were equally tolerated. In steady state for the 200 mg dose, the sertraline plasma levels in the 6-12 year old group were approximately 35% higher compared to the 13-17 year old group, and 21% higher compared to adult reference group. There were no significant differences between boys and girls regarding clearance. A low starting dose and titration steps of 25 mg are therefore recommended for children, especially with low bodyweight. Adolescents could be dosed like adults. Adolescents and elderlyThe pharmacokinetic profile in adolescents or elderly is not significantly different from that in adults between 18 and 65 years. Liver function impairmentIn patients with liver damage, the half life of sertraline is prolonged and AUC is increased three fold (see sections 4.2 and 4.4). Renal impairmentIn patients with moderate-severe renal impairment, there was no significant accumulation of sertraline. Core tablets:Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrateCellulose microcrystallineHydroxypropylcellulose Sodium starch glycolate (Type A)Magnesium stearate Film coating:Opadry White OY-S-7355 containing Titanium dioxide (E171) Hypromellose Macrogol 400 Polysorbate-80 Aurobindo Pharma - Milpharm Ltd. Odyssey Business Park, Ares Block, West End Road, South Ruislip, Middlesex, HA4 6QD Before you contact this company: often several companies will market medicines with the same active ingredient. Please check that this is the correct company before contacting them. Why? Active ingredients Legal categories This site uses cookies. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our policy on the use of cookies. Find out more here.
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Zoloft tablete (50/100mg) – Uputa o lijeku Skoči na: » opis » primjena » doziranje » napomene Opis SASTAV Jedna tableta sadržava 50 mg sertralin klorida Jedna tableta sadržava 100 mg sertralin klorida. Pomoćne tvari - kalcij-hidrogenfosfat mikrokristalinična celuloza hidroksipropil celuloza natrij-škrob-glikolat magnezij-stearat bijeli opadry (hidroksipropil metil celuloza, titan-dioksid, polietilenglikol, polisorbat) bistri opadry (hidroksipropil metil celuloza, polietilenglikol) OPREMA 28 tableta od 50 mg (dva blistera po 14 tableta u kutiji) 28 tableta od 100 mg (dva blistera od 14 tableta u kutiji) FARMAKOTERAPIJSKA SKUPINA I DJELOVANJE Antidepresiv Sertralin je jak i specifičan inhibitor ponovnog neuronskog preuzimanja serotonina (5-HT). U kontroliranim ispitivanjima u zdravih dragovoljaca sertralin nije uzrokovao sedaciju niti je remetio psihomotorne funkcije. Sukladno njegovu selektivnom inhibiranju preuzimanja 5-HT, sertralin ne pojačava katekolaminergičnu aktivnost. SErtralin nema afiniteta za muskarinske (kolinergične), serotonergične, dopaminergične, adrenergične, histaminergične, GABA ili benzodiapinske receptore. Za razliku od tricikličkih antidepresiva, tijekom liječenja sertralinom nije zapažen porast tjelesne težine; u nekih bolesnika može pri uzimanju sertralina nastupiti smanjenje tjelesne težine. Nije zapažena sklonost zlouporabi lijeka u primjeni sertralina. Farmakokinetika sertralina proporcionalna je dozi, i to u rasponu od 50 do 200 mg. Vršne koncentracije sertralina u plazmi (Cmax) nastupaju oko 4,5 do 8,4 sata nakon doziranja. Prosječan konačni poluživot uklanjanja sertralina iz plazme iznosi otprilike 26 sati. Otprilike 98% cirkulirajućega lijeka veže se za proteine plazme. Sertralin najvećim dijelom podliježe jetrenom metabolizmu u prvom prolasku. Glavni metabolit u plazmi, N-dezmetil sertralin, bitno je manje djelatan od sertralina (oko 8 puta) in vitro i stvarno nedjelatan u farmakološkim ispitivanja in vivo. Farmakokinetika sertralina u starijih bolesnika slična je onoj u mlađih odraslih osoba. Prehrana nema većeg utjecaja na biološku raspoloživost tableta sertralina. POSJEDNIK ODOBRENJA ZA STAVLJANJE LIJEKA U PROMET Pfizer International Corporation Predstavništvo u Republici Hrvatskoj Ilica 109/I, 10000 Zagreb Tel. 01 37 72 250 PROIZVOĐAČ Pfizer Italiana S.p.A. (Pfizer Latina), Italija Primjena Terapijske indikacije Sertralin je indiciran za liječenje simptoma depresije u bolesnika s manijom u anamnezi ili bez nje. Nakon zadovoljavajućeg odgovora nastavak liječenja sertralinom učinkovito priječi povratak početne epizode depresije ili ponavljanje depresivnih epizoda. Sertralin je također indiciran za liječenje opsesivno kompulzivne bolesti (OKB). Sertralin je isto tak oindiciran za liječenje paničnog poremećaja, s agorafobijom ili bez nje. Sertralin je također indiciran za liječenje pedijatrijskih bolesnika s opsesivno-kompulzivnom bolešću (OKB). Kontraindikacije Kontraindicirana je istodobna primjena u bolesnika koji uzimaju inhibitore oksidaze monoamina (MAOI) (vidi Posebna upozorenja i posebne mjere opreza kod primjene). Sertralin je kontraindiciran u bolesnika s poznatom preosjetljivošću na sertralin. Međudjelovanje s drugim lijekovima Kako se sertralin veže za proteine plazme, valja voditi računa o mogućem međudjelovanju sertralina i drugih lijekova vezanih za proteine plazme. Istodobna primjena sertralina i diazepama ili tolbutamida izazvala je manje, statistički važne promjene nekih farmakokinetskih pokazatelja. Istodobna primjena s cimetidinom prouzročila je znatno smanjenje klirensa sertralina. Klinička važnost tih promjena nije utvrđena. Istodobna primjena sertralina i varfarina rezultirala je malim, ali statistički važnim porastom protrombinskog vremena, klinička važnost kojega nije poznata. toga pri uvođenju ili ukidanju liječenja sertralinom valja pozorno pratiti protrombinsko vrijeme. Lijekovi koji se metaboliziraju pomoću CYP enzima - Sertralin izaziva minimalno povišenje plazmatskih razina dezipramina. Sertralin ne inhibira metabolizam kortizola, karbamazepina ili terfenadina. Sertralin nema većeg učinka na koncentracije tolbutamida, fenitoina, varfarina ili diazepama u plazmi. Inhibitori oksidaze monoamina -(Vidi POSEBNA UPOZORENJA I POSEBNE MJERE OPREZA PRI PRIMJENI). Alkohol Istodobno uzimanje sertralina i alkohola nije pojačalo učinak alkohola na spoznajne i psihomotorne sposobnosti u zdravih osoba; međutim, istodobno uzimanje sertralina i alkohola ne preporuča se u depresivnih bolesnika. Litij Preporučuje se praćenje razina litija u plazmi nakon uvođenja liječenja sertralinom. Istodobno davanje sertralina i liltija može izazvati višu učestalost nuspojava udruženih s 5-HT. Serotonergični lijekovi - (Vidi POSEBNA UPOZORENJA I POSEBNE MJERE OPREZA PRI PRIMJENI). Elektrokonvulzivna terapija (EKT) - Nema kliničkih ispitivanja rizika ili koristi od kombinirane primjene EKT i sertralina. Posebna upozorenja Inhibitori oksidaze monoamina Sertralin se ne smije davati u kombinaciji s MAOI ili tijekom 14 dana nakon prestanka MAOI liječenja. Isto tako treba proći najmanje 14 dana nakon prestanka liječenja sertralinom prije početka uzimanja MAOI. Ostali serotonergični lijekovi Istodobno davanje sertralina i drugih lijekova koji pojačavaju serotonergičnu neurotransmisiju, kao što su triptofan ili fenfluramin, zahtijeva oprez ili ga treba izbjegavati kad god je to moguće. Prijelaz s drugih antidepresivnih ili antiopsesivnih lijekova Postoji ograničeno kontrolirano iskustvo glede optimalna vremena za prijelaz s drugih antidepresivnih ili antiopsesvinih lijekova na sertralin. Takav prijelaz zahtijeva pažnji i opreznu medicinsku procjenu, poglavito pri prijelazu s dugodjelujućih sredstava kao što je fluoksetin. Aktiviranje manije/hipomanije Tijekom ispitivanja provedenih prije stavljanja lijeka na tržište hipomanija ili manija javljale su se u otprilike 0,4% bolesnika liječenih sertralinom. Aktiviranje manije/hipomanije također je zabilježeno u manjega dijela bolesnika s težom afektivnom bolešću liječenih drugim antidepresivima dostupnima na tržištu. Konvulzije Sertralin valja izbjegavati u bolesnika s nestabilnom epilepsijom, dok u bolesnika s reguliranom epilepsijom zahtijeva pozorno praćenje. Primjenu lijeka treba prekinuti u svakog bolesnika u kojega se pojave konvulzije. Samoubojstvo Kako je mogućnost pokušaja samoubojstva svojstvena depresiji i može potrajati sve dok ne nastupi znatnije povlačenje bolesti, bolesnike valja pomno nadgledati na početku liječenja. Primjena kod jetrene insuficijencije Ako se sertralin daje bolesnicima s jetrenim poremećajem, treba odabrati niže ili rjeđe doziranje. Primjena u djece Profil neškodljivosti sertralina u ovim pedijatrijskim ispitivanjima usporediv je s onim zabilježenim u ispitivanjima provedenim u odraslih osoba s opsesivno-kompulzivnom bolešću (OKB). Učinkovitost sertralina nije dokazana kontroliranim ispitivanjima u pedijatrijskih bolesnika s depresijom ili paničnim poremećajem. Neškodljivost i učinkovitost nisu utvrđene u pedijatrijskih bolesnika mlađih od 6 godina. Trudnoća i dojenje Sertralin valja davati tijekom trudnoće samo ako utvrđena korist nadilazi opasnosti. Žene fertilne dobi trebaju primjenjivati odgovarajuću metodu kontracepcije ukoliko uzimaju sertralin. Djelovanje na vozače i osobe koje rukuju strojevima Klinička farmakološka ispitivanja pokazala su da sertralin ne utječe na psihomotorne sposobnosti. Međutim, kako antidepresivi mogu poremetiti duševne ili tjelesne sposobnosti potrebne za izvođenje potencijalno opasnih poslova, kao što su upravljanje automobilom ili strojevima, bolesnika valja upozoriti na oprez pri njihovoj uporabi. Doziranje Sertralin valja uzimati jedanput na dan, ujutro ili uvečer. Tablete sertralina mogu se uzimati s jelom ili bez jela. Uobičajena terapijska doza u slučaju depresije je 50 mg/dan. U slučaju opsesivno kompulzivne bolesti (OKB) i paničnog poremećaja minimalna preporučena učinkovita doza sertralina je 50 mg/dan. No, liječenje u slučaju paničnog poremećaja treba započeti s 25 mg/dan i povećati dozu na 50 mg/dan nakon jednog tjedna. Takav se način doziranja pokazao djelotvornim u smanjenju učestalosti ranih, s liječenjem povezanih, nuspojava, znakovitih za panični poremećaj. Dnevnu dozu za sve indikacije može se povisivati po stopi od 50 mg tijekom više tjedana. Najviša preporučena doza sertralina iznosi 200 mg/dan. Početni terapijski učinak može se uočiti za 7 dana. Međutim, obično je potrebno dulje razdoblje, poglavito u slučaju OKB. Pri dugotrajnu liječenju održavanja doziranje treba držati na najnižoj učinkovitoj razini, uz naknadnu prilagodbu ovisno o terapijskom odgovoru. Primjena u djece Neškodljivost i učinkovitost sertralina utvrđene su u pedijatrijskih bolesnika s opsesivno-kompulzivnom bolešću (u dobi od 6-17 godina). U pedijatrijskih bolesnika (u dobi od 13 do 17 godina) s opsesivno-kompulzivnom bolešću sertralin treba započeti davati u dozi od 50 mg/dan. U pedijatrijskih bolesnika (u dobi od 6 do 12 godina) s opsesivno-kompulzivnom bolešću terapiju sertralinom treba započeti dozom od 25 mg/dan, koja se povećava na 50 mg/dan nakon tjedan dana. Daljnje se doze mogu povećavati u slučaju izostanka odgovora, i to uz povećanja doze od 50 mg/dan do 200 mg/dan, prema potrebi. Međutim, pri povećavanju doze iznda 50 mg/dan valja voditi računa o općenito nižoj tjelesnoj težini djece u usporedbi s odraslim osobama, kako bi se izbjegle previsoke doze. Uz 24-satni poluživot uklanjanja sertralina, promjene u doziranju ne smiju se provoditi u razmacima kraćim od tjedan dana. Primjena u starijih osoba U starijih se osoba može rabiti isti raspon doziranja kao i u mlađih bolesnika. Predoziranje Prema raspoloživim podacima sertralin ima širok raspon neškodljivosti pri predoziranju. Ne postoji nikakva posebna terapija i nema nikakvih posebnih antidota sertralinu. Nuspojave U ispitivanjima s višestrukim dozama za depresiju i OKB, sljedeće su nuspojave bile znatno učestalije uza sertralin negoli uz placebo: - mučnina, proljev/rijetka stolica, anoreksija, dispepsija, tremor, omaglica, besanica, pospanost, pojačano znojenje, suha usta i seksualna disfunkcija (ponajprije odgođena ejakulacija u muškaraca). Rijetko (otprilike 0,8%) opisana su asimptomatska povišenja serumskih transaminaza (SGOT i SGPT) udružena s primjenom sertralina. Ti su se poremećaji obično pojavili tijekom prvih 1 do 9 tjedana uzimanja lijeka, a povlačili se odmah nakon prestanka uzimanja sertralina. Opisani su rijetki slučajevi hiponatremije, koji su se pokazali reverzibilnima nakon prestanka uzimanja setrtalina. Moguće je da je u nekim slučajevima ona bila uzrokovana sindromom neodgovarajućeg izlučivanja antidiuretskog hormona. Većina se zabilježenih pojava odnosila na starije bolesnike i bolesnike koji su uzimali diuretike ili druge lijekove. Molimo da svog liječnika ili ljekarnika obavijestite o svakoj nuspojavi. Napomene ROK VALJANOSTI Označen na pakiranju. Lijek se ne smije upotrebljavati nakon isteka roka valjanosti. ČUVANJE Lijek valja čuvati na temperaturi do 30°C. Držati izvan dohvata djece. IZRADA UPUTE Kolovoz 1998. Amantilla Relax Značajno ublažava stres i tjeskobu. Tensilen Prirodno rješenje za stres, umor i iscrpljenost.