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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article Argan oil is a plant oil produced from the kernels of the argan tree (Argania spinosa L.) that is endemic to Morocco. In Morocco, argan oil is used to dip bread in at breakfast or to drizzle on couscous or pasta. World-wide, it's gaining a reputation both as an ingredient in high-end, personal-care products and as a heart-healthy gourmet product.[1] Now increasingly important for oil produced for sale, as the oil will keep 12–18 months and extraction is much faster. Using mechanical presses, mixing of the dough and water is unnecessary and the dough can be directly pressed. The fruits of the argan tree are nut-sized and may be round, oval or conical in shape. The fruits are covered by a thick peel which covers the fleshy pulp. The pulp surrounds a hard-shelled nut which represents approximately 25% of the weight of the fresh fruit. Contained within the nut are one to three argan oil–rich kernels. Argan oil is extracted from the kernels, with yields varying from 30% to 55% depending on the extraction method used.[2] Extraction of the kernels is key to the argan oil production process. In order to extract the kernels, the argan fruits are first dried in the open air and then the fleshy pulp of the fruit is removed. Sometimes the flesh is removed mechanically without the need to dry the fruits. The flesh is usually used as feed for animals. The next stage involves cracking the argan nut to obtain the argan kernels. Attempts to mechanize this process have been unsuccessful and therefore it is still carried out by hand, making it a time-consuming and labour-intensive process. Berber women, whose skills are unparalleled, often engaged in this arduous process in retrieving the kernels by undergoing a tedious manual work. Kernels used to make argan oil for food use, culinary argan oil, are then gently roasted. After the argan kernels have cooled down, they are ground and pressed. The brown-colored mash expels pure, unfiltered argan oil. After this, unfiltered argan oil is decanted into vessels. The press cake remaining after the argan oil has been expelled is protein-rich and is frequently used as feed for cattle.[2] Cosmetic argan oil is produced almost identically, although the argan kernels are not roasted to avoid an excessively nutty scent. After pressing, the argan oil is decanted and left to rest for approximately two weeks. This allows solids suspended in the argan oil to settle to the bottom, creating a natural sediment. The clearer argan oil may then be further filtered depending on the clarity and degree of purity required. Pure argan oil may contain some sediment. This is a natural part of the production process and does not affect the quality of the argan oil. Argan oil has a relative density at 20 °C (68 °F) ranging from 0.906 to 0.919.[4] Argan oil contains tocopherols (vitamin E), phenols, carotenes, squalene, and fatty acids, (80% unsaturated fatty acids)[5] The main natural phenols in argan oil are caffeic acid, oleuropein, vanillic acid, tyrosol, catechol, resorcinol, (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin.[6] Depending on the extraction method, argan oil may be more resistant to oxidation than olive oil.[7] Culinary argan oil (argan food oil) is used for dipping bread, on couscous, salads and similar uses. Amlou, a thick brown paste with a consistency similar to peanut butter, is produced by grinding roasted almond and argan oil using stones, mixed with honey and is used locally as a bread dip. Various claims about the beneficial effects on health due to the consumption of argan oil have been made. Researchers have concluded that daily consumption of argan oil is 'highly likely' to be one factor helping the prevention of various cancers, cardiovascular diseases and obesity.[8] The results of a nutritional intervention study, in which volunteers were given either argan oil or animal fats (butter) in their diet, were published in 2005. The results showed that regular dietary intake of argan oil led to reduced levels of harmful cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood, compared to a diet with regular intake of animal fats.[9] Unroasted argan oil is traditionally used as a treatment for skin diseases and as a cosmetic oil for skin and hair: "In cosmetics, argan oil is advocated as moisturizing oil, against juvenile acne and flaking of the skin as well as for nourishing the hair. This oil has also medicinal uses against rheumatism and the healing of burns ... Externally, argan oil is used ... for hair as brilliantine, to fortify and ... in the treatment of wrinkled or scaly dry skin".[10] Argan oil has become increasingly popular for cosmetic use. The number of personal-care products on the US market with argan oil as an ingredient increased from just two in 2007 to over one hundred by 2011. It is sometimes mixed with pomegranate seed oil due to its antioxidizing benefits,[11][12] with vendors promoting this blend as an all-in-one serum both for skin and hair.[13] Argan oil is also sold without additives as a natural skincare and hair care product.[14] The increasing popularity of argan oil has prompted the Moroccan government to plan for increased production, with their aim being to increase annual production from approximately 2,500 to 4,000 tonnes by 2020.[15] The production of argan oil is beginning to have noticeable environmental and social impacts. Argan oil production means that argan trees are now seen as a valuable resource. This has led to their preservation with a secondary impact on the environment. The labour-intensive nature of argan oil production, now frequently carried out by women’s co-operatives, has provided a steady income for many women and their families, improved the social status of some women and has encouraged producers of other agricultural products to examine the co-operative model.[citation needed] The Argan tree provides food, shelter and protection from desertification. The tree has deep roots which help prevent desert encroachment. The canopy of the argan tree also provides shade for other agricultural products and its leaves and fruit provide food for animals.[4] The argan tree also helps landscape stability, helping to prevent soil erosion, providing shade for pasture grasses and helping to replenish aquifers.[16] Producing argan oil has helped to protect argan trees from being cut down. In addition, regeneration of the Arganeraie has also been carried out: in 2009 an operation to plant 4,300 argan plants was launched in Meskala in the province of Essaouira.[17] RARBA (Réseau des Associations de la Réserve de Biosphère Arganeraie, Network of Associations of the Argan Biosphere Reserve) was founded in 2002 with the aim of ensuring sustainable development in the Arganeraie.[18] RARBA has been involved with several major projects, including the Moroccan national anti-desertification programme (Programme National de Lutte contre la desertification (PAN/LCD)). The project involved local populations and helped with improvements to basic infrastructure, management of natural resources, revenue generating activities (including argan oil production), capacity reinforcement and others.[19] The production of argan oil has always had a socio-economic function. At present, argan oil production supports approximately 2.2 million people in the main argan oil producing region (the Arganeraie).[15] Much of the argan oil produced today is made by a number of women's co-operatives. Co-sponsored by the Social Development Agency (SDA) with the support of the European Union, the UCFA (Union des Cooperatives des Femmes de l’Arganeraie) is the largest union of argan oil co-operatives in Morocco. It comprises twenty-two co-operatives that are found in other parts of the region (e.g., Coopérative Al Amal, Coopérative Amalou N'Touyag, Coopérative Tissaliwine, Coopérative ArganSense, and Coopérative Maouriga).[20] Employment in the co-operatives provides women with an income, which many have used to fund education for themselves or their children. It has also provided them with a degree of autonomy in a traditionally male-dominated society and has helped many become more aware of their rights.[21] The success of the argan co-operatives has also encouraged other producers of agricultural products to adopt the co-operative model.[22] The establishment of the co-operatives has been aided by support from within Morocco, notably the Fondation Mohamed VI pour la Recherche et la Sauvegarde de l’Arganier (Mohammed VI Foundation for Research and Protection of the Argan Tree),[23] and from international organisations, including Canada’s International Development Research Centre[24] and the European Commission.[21] Funding has enabled technical support for the production and marketing of argan oil and for technical, professional and personal development of the women involved in the co-operatives.[24]
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Arganovo ulje za zdravlje i ljepotu Arganovo ulje se na području Maroka već stoljećima koristi u njezi kože i kose, a njegova iznimna svojstva zaslužna su i za sve veću popularnost u ostalim dijelovima svijeta. Obzirom da ulje stiže uglavnom iz maroka, ulje Argana često nazivamo i Marokansko ulje. Ovo ulje bogato je oleinskom i linolnom kiselinom, karotenima i vitaminom E, a dobiva se tiještenjem ploda drveta Argania spinosa, koje raste isključivo na području jugozapadnog Maroka. Arganovo ulje još uvijek se proizvodi na tradicionalan način, a procjenjuje se kako je za litru ulja potrebno uložiti 20 sati rada i otprilike 100 kilograma svježih plodova. Arganovo ulje za kosu Arganovo ulje koristi se već dugi niz godina u mnogim renomiranim frizerskim salonima, što ne čudi s obzirom da ono ne samo da uspješno vraća sjaj suhoj i oštećenoj kosi, već i pospješuje njezin rast, pomaže kod ispucalih vrhova, a s obzirom da smanjuje izlučivanje sebuma, redovitom upotrebom potpomaže i uklanjanje prhuti. - Arganovo ulje možete koristiti kao pakung, dodati ga u boju za kosu, a kao njegujući serum nanosi se izravno na mokru ili suhu kosu, što ju dubinski hrani i osvježava. Arganovo ulje za lice i tijelo Redovito korištenje arganovog ulja u njezi kože ima mnogobrojne pozitivne učinke: - Poboljšava čvrstoću i elastičnost kože - Sprječava nastanak bora - Smanjuje vidljivost ožiljaka, uključujući i ožiljke od akni - Pogodan je za prevenciju nastanka strija u trudnoći - Koristi se za njegu kože novorođenčadi - Pogodan je za njegu suhe, ali i masne kože jer regulira lučenje sebuma - Umiruje, regenerira i djeluje protuupalno - Koristi se kod seboreje, dermatitisa i psorijaze Arganovo ulje možete koristiti u svakodnevnoj njezi, bez obzira na tip kože. - Za njegu lica dodajte nekoliko kapljica arganovog ulja hidratantnoj kremi ili ga izravno nanesite na kožu prije spavanja. Što se tiče njege kože tijela, preporučuje se nakon kupanja ili tuširanja na vlažnu kožu nježno umasirati ulje. - Ukoliko želite arganovo ulje koristiti kao piling, ravnomjerno ga pomiješajte s prirodnom soli. Arganovo ulje pogodno je i za masažu s obzirom da opušta mišiće, a posebno mišiće kralježnice. Arganovo ulje za ruke i nokte Arganovo ulje može vam pomoći i ukoliko imate problema sa slabim i krhkim noktima, a uz to će i nahraniti kožu te učiniti vaše ruke nježnima i glatkima. - Možete ga dodati kremi za ruke ili svakodnevno navečer namažite ruke i nokte čistim arganovim uljem. Također, preporučuje se jednom tjedno potopiti ruke na 15 minuta u mješavinu arganova ulja i limunovog soka u omjeru 1:1. Ljekovita svojstva Osim u kozmetičke, arganovo ulje koristi se i u zdravstvene svrhe. Preporučuje se uzimati dvije žličice arganovog ulja na dan, a njegovi učinci su sljedeći: - Snižava razinu kolesterola i lipida - Jača obrambeni sustav organizma - Moćan je antioksidans - Pomaže kod svih upalnih bolesti kože (seboreja, psorijaza, akne, neurodermatitis, alergijski dermatitis) - Stimulira cirkulaciju - Poboljšava kapacitet mozga - Blagotvorno utječe na jetra i probavu, reumatske i kardiovaskularne bolesti NutriShine Za gustu, snažnu i sjajnu kosu. Arganovo ulje Dubinski njeguje kožu i kosu. Poklanjamo vam besplatne E-mail novosti Vi označite što vas zanima, a mi ćemo se pobrinuti pružiti vam samo korisne informacije.