http___www.kakolijeciti.com_vitamin-d-moze-smanjiti-mogucnost-pojave-raka-dojke__1.xml
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Vitamin D is produced in the skin on exposure to sunlight. Known as the sunshine vitamin, it reduces risk of breast and colon cancer when our levels are adequate. Time spent outdoors is associated with reduced breast cancer risk during all phases of a woman’s life. How much sun exposure is needed? Only 5-10 minutes of exposure of the arms and legs or the hands, arms, and face, 2 or 3 times per week. Vitamin D deficiency is common in at least 60% of women. Raising the minimum year-around serum 25(OH)D level to 40 to 60 ng/mL (100-150 nmol/L) would prevent approximately 58,000 new cases of breast cancer and 49,000 new cases of colorectal cancer each year, and three fourths of deaths from these diseases in the United States and Canada. A combined solar vitamin D score, including all the variables related to vitamin D production, is significantly associated with reduced breast cancer risk. 2000 IU per day of vitamin D(3) taken daily is safe, and often more is needed to achieve ideal blood levels. Joint pain in postmenopausal women taking aromatase inhibitors is significantly decreased when women take 50,000 IU of vitamin D per week, with no harmful side effects. 25OHD levels ideally should be above 66 ng/ml (150 nmol/L) to achieve this result. Most of us depend on sun exposure to satisfy our requirements for vitamin D. Solar ultraviolet B photons are absorbed by 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin, leading to its transformation to previtamin D3, which is rapidly converted to vitamin D3. Season, latitude, time of day, skin pigmentation, aging, sunscreen use, and glass all influence the skin production of vitamin D3. Once formed, vitamin D3 is metabolized in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and then in the kidney to its biologically active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Vitamin D deficiency is an unrecognized epidemic among both children and adults in the United States. Vitamin D deficiency not only causes rickets among children but also precipitates and exacerbates osteoporosis among adults and causes the painful bone disease osteomalacia. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased risks of deadly cancers, cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Maintaining blood concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D above 80 nmol/L (approximately 30 ng/mL) not only is important for maximizing intestinal calcium absorption but also may be important for providing the extrarenal 1alpha-hydroxylase that is present in most tissues to produce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Although chronic excessive exposure to sunlight increases the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer, the avoidance of all direct sun exposure increases the risk of vitamin D deficiency, which can have serious consequences. Monitoring serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations yearly should help reveal vitamin D deficiencies. Sensible sun exposure (usually 5-10 min of exposure of the arms and legs or the hands, arms, and face, 2 or 3 times per week) and increased dietary and supplemental vitamin D intakes are reasonable approaches to guarantee vitamin D sufficiency. - Beneficial effects of sun exposure on cancer mortality - Effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels, joint pain, and fatigue in women starting adjuvant letrozole treatment for breast cancer. - Vitamin D for cancer prevention: global perspective. - Prognostic effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in early breast cancer. - Association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and breast cancer risk - Calcium, vitamin D and cancer. - Vitamin D-24-hydroxylase in benign and malignant breast tissue and cell lines. - Prostaglandin metabolizing enzymes in correlation with vitamin D receptor in benign and malignant breast cell lines. - Current impediments to acceptance of the ultraviolet-B-vitamin D-cancer hypothesis. - The relevance of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms for cancer: a review of the literature. - Vitamin D and differentiation in cancer. - Altered calcium metabolism in patients on long-term bisphosphonate therapy for metastatic breast cancer. - Secondary causes of low bone mass in patients with breast cancer: a need for greater vigilance. - Effects of exercise vs bisphosphonates on bone mineral density in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. - Induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells in response to vitamin D and antiestrogens. - Inhibition of RelB by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes sensitivity of breast cancer cells to radiation. - High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency despite supplementation in premenopausal women with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. - Ultraviolet sunlight exposure during adolescence and adulthood and breast cancer risk: a population-based case-control study among Ontario women. - Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. - Prospective study of UV exposure and cancer incidence among Swedish women.
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Vitamin D može smanjiti mogućnost pojave raka dojke Studija naučnika s University of California iz San Diega pokazala je da kod žena sa potvrđenom visokom razinom vitamina D u organizmu, postoji i do 50% manji rizik obolijevanja od raka dojke. Čak je i blago povišena razina vitamina D bila povezana s 10%-tnim smanjenjem rizika za pojavu bolesti, utvrđeno je u istraživanju u kojem je sudjelovalo više od 120000 ispitanica. Vitamin D se u organizmu proizvodi nakon izloženosti sunčevoj svjetlosti, a prisutan je i u ribi, posebno onim vrstama koje obiluju uljem. Viši unos vitamina D se posebno preporučuje starijim osobama. Naučnici upozoravaju kako pretjerana izloženost suncu može imati negativan utjecaj na zdravlje te dodaju kako previsoka razina vitamina D u organizmu može dovesti do opasnog povećanja količine kalcija. Dakle pazite da ne pretjerujete, te održavajte optimalnu razinu vitamina D u organizmu.