http___www.informatika.buzdo.com_s770-unix.htm_1.xml
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Microsoft software support in its various versions, holding over 50% of the market. In this volume include different versions of operating systems, web browsers, office software support, development tools and more. Remainder of the market consists of operating systems based on UNIX. UNIX is a name created by shortening the English compound Uniplexed Information and Computing System, and transmutation of letters CS in X, for sonority. Unix is present on a computer system or some of its variants, or as an operating system which is a good part of the 'take' of a Unix box that held derivatives as: It was developed at AT&Bell Laboratories in the U.S. the 1970th , where he was set computer network that has been described as the ancestor of today's global computer network. Often, Unix solutions stand out as finance cheaper than Microsoft. True, the Unix operating systems and applications can be obtained for free, but with no support, no documentation, no corrections (patches) and everything else is now considered standard in the software industry. On the other hand, with good pay, on Unix platforms can get everything they want. So, the price is a relative term. Unix was first allowed users a graphical interface, which in turn gladly himself says Apple. Microsoft say that Apple 'borrowed' the idea of a graphical interface. How anyone is 'innocent' in this whole story accurately describes the movie 'Pirates of Silicon Valley', which illustrates both. Although many people imagine as the operating system without a GUI, Unix is very early transferred from the command line (command prompt) on the graphical interface. Today's most powerful graphics workstation Silicon Graphics (SGI) using Irix Unix variant. With IRIX, and there are many others as well as Solaris (Sun OS) and many versions of Linux systems. Often mistakenly graphical interface to the Unix-based computers called 'Windows', but a 'X Window' interface or any of the other commercial graphical interface for Unix environment as CDE. X Window is a system in which the server provides the user a picture based on his requests, like 'Give me a circle of blue pixel size of 100' and the server delivers the user to view the screen. Of course, working in the network and typical client-server architecture. Thus in infancy and worked network systems (Mainframe) when the machine resources were physically huge and processor resources are scarce compared to today. On the server communicate over the terminals - computers without special 'intelligence', which had the task of image you show him the server based on the given command over his keyboard. CDE (Common Desktop Environment) is a graphical environment designed for stand-alone workstations with the Unix operating system. KDE (K Desktop Environment) and GNOME (GNU Network Object Model Environment) is a free graphical interface for standalone Linux workstations, and networking is not necessary as the X Window. GNU is an acronym that is used for the free software and means "GNU's Not Unix". With its appearance Unix introduced some properties that are now a default: multitasking, multiprocessing, networking. Unix as an example of a multiuser system property, so that with a file system can handle, its creator, user group, or by any user on the network with different rights such as the right to read, write or perform, and combinations thereof. They know that now, and Windows operating systems, but not nearly as good. Despite all his good sides UNIX has some important drawbacks. For example, compared with Windows and UNIX just can not call a user-friendly system, i.e. a system for the ordinary user. UNIX is mostly written for technically educated users, so many things to be done 'by hand'. You need to know a large number of commands for efficient use of the system. Due to the large number of different types of Unix systems are inevitable problems of compatibility because not all commands the same for all types of systems. So, Linux is a clone of Unix, which means that the best software solutions left, and she solved the problem in a new and better way. The result is a powerful, fast and extremely stable operating system. Small penguin in the picture is the trademark logo Linux operating system as a whole, although some distribution of this increasingly popular operating system for the logo used by some other pictures. Penguin, which is also the mascot and logo of the Linux operating system has received its name - TUX (Torvalds UNIX), according to the author, mr. Linus Torvalds, who wrote the first version of the Linux OS kernel 1991st year. In fact, the beginnings of the Linux concept dating from creation of Mr. Richard Stallman, who was back in 1984th year he made the first free implementation of C compiler and its associated libraries, and editor and the shell. Who is more interested - GOOGLE :-).
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Microsoft programska potpora u svojim raznim inačicama drži preko 50% tržišta. U taj obim ubrajaju se različite inačice operativnih sustava, internetskih pretraživača, uredske programske potpore, razvojnih alata i drugo. Ostatak tržišta čine operativni sustavi zasnovani na UNIX-u. Ime UNIX nastalo je skraćivanjem engleske složenice Uniplexed Information and Computing System, te transmutacijom slova CS u X, radi zvučnosti. Unix je prisutan na računalnim sustavima ili kao neka njegova inačica, ili kao operativni sustavi kojima je dobar dio 'preuzet' od Unix-a pa su nastale izvedenice kao: Nastao je u AT&Bell laboratorijima u Americi 1970. godine, gdje je bila postavljena računalna mreža koja se opisuje kao predak današnje svjetske mreže računala. Često, Unix rješenja ističu se kao financijski povoljnija od Microsoft-ovih. Istina, Unix operativni sustavi i aplikacije mogu se dobiti i badava, ali bez podrške, bez dokumentacije, bez ispravaka (zakrpa) i svega ostaloga što se danas smatra standardom u industriji software-a. S druge strane, ako se dobro plati, na Unix platformi može se dobiti sve što se poželi. Dakle, cijena je relativan pojam. Unix je korisnicima prvi omogućio grafičko sučelje, što pak rado za sebe kaže Apple. Za Microsoft kažu da je od Apple-a 'posudio' ideju o grafičkom sučelju. Koliko je tko 'nevin' u cijeloj toj prići vjerno opisuje film 'Pirati silicijske doline' koji dobro ocrtava jedne i druge. Iako ga mnogi ljudi zamišljaju kao operativni sustav bez grafičkog sučelja, Unix je vrlo rano prešao s naredbenog retka (command prompt) na grafičko sučelje. Današnje najmoćnije grafičke radne stanice Silicon Graphics (SGI) koriste IRIX varijantu Unix-a. Uz IRIX postoji i mnogo drugih kao Solaris (Sun OS) te mnoge verzije Linux sustava. Često se greškom grafičko sučelje na Unix baziranim računalima nazivati 'Windows', ali radi o 'X Window' sučelju ili nekom od drugih komercijalnih grafičkih sučelja za Unix okruženje kao CDE. X Window je sustav u kojem poslužitelj daje sliku korisniku na osnovu njegovih zahtijeva, tipa 'daj mi krug plave boje veličine 100 piksela' i poslužitelj ga isporuči korisniku na ekran. Naravno, rad u mreži i tipična client-server arhitektura. Tako su u začecima i radili mrežni sustavi (Mainframe) kada su strojni resursi bili fizički ogromni i procesorski resursi slabi u odnosu na današnje. S poslužiteljem se je komuniciralo preko Terminala - računala bez osobite 'pameti', koji je imao zadaću prikazati sliku koju mu šalje poslužitelj na osnovu zadanih komandi preko njegove tipkovnice. CDE (Common Desktop Environment) je grafičko okruženje dizajnirano za samostalne radne stanice s Unix operativnim sustavom. KDE (K Desktop Environment) ili GNOME (GNU Network Object Model Environment) je besplatno grafičko sučelje za samostalne Linux radne stanice, odnosno nije nužno umrežavanje kao za X Window. GNU je kratica koja se koristi za besplatni software i znači "Gnu's Not UNIX". Svojom pojavom Unix je uveo neka svojstva koja su danas podrazumna: multitasking, multiprocesing, umrežavanje. Unix kao primjer višekorisničkog sustava ima sustav vlasništva, tako da s nekom datotekom može raspolagati samo sustav, njen kreator, grupa korisnika ili bilo koji korisnik u mreži s različitim pravima kao pravo čitanja, upisivanja ili izvršavanja i njihove kombinacije. Znaju to sada i Windows operativni sustavi ali ni blizu tako dobro. Unatoč svim svojim dobrim stranama UNIX ima i neke važne nedostatke. Na primjer, u usporedbi s Windows-ima UNIX baš i ne možemo nazvati user-friendly sustavom, odnosno sustavom za običnog korisnika. UNIX je uglavnom pisan za tehnički obrazovane korisnike pa je mnoge stvari potrebno učiniti 'ručno'. Potrebno je znati i velik broj naredbi za efikasnu uporabu sustava. Zbog velikog broja različitih vrsta UNIX-a neizbježni su problemi glede kompatibilnosti jer nisu sve naredbe iste kod svih vrsta sustava. Dakle, Linux je klon Unix-a, što znači da su najbolja programska rješenja ostavljena, a ona problematična su riješena na novi, bolji način. Rezultat je moćan, brz i izuzetno stabilan operativni sustav. Mali pingvin na slici zaštitni je logo Linux operativnog sustava u cjelini, mada pojedine distribucije ovog sve popularnijeg operativnog sustava za logo koriste neke druge slike. Pingvin, koji je i maskota i logo Linux operativnog sustava dobio je i svoje ime - TUX (Torvalds UNIX), prema autoru, gosp. Linus Torvalds, koji je napisao prvu verziju jezgre Linux OS 1991. godine. U biti začeci Linux koncepta datiraju još od uratka gosp. Richarda Stallmana koji je još 1984. godine napravio prvu besplatnu implementaciju C kompajlera i pripadnih mu biblioteka, te editora i korisničke ljuske. Koga više zanima - GOOGLE :-).