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Dehydration Dehydration: Introduction Dehydration is an abnormal condition in which the body's cells are deprived of an adequate amount of water. Dehydration can be the result of conditions that cause the body to lose too much water, such as excessive heat, sweating, illness, low humidity, medication side effects, and high elevation, such as in the mountains. Dehydration can also be the result of not drinking enough water and fluids. Dehydration can be mild, moderate or severe and life-threatening. Infants, children, athletes and the elderly are particularly prone to dehydration and severe complications, although dehydration can occur in any age group or population. In an otherwise healthy person, dehydration can be prevented by drinking about eight eight ounce glasses of water per day. Adequate amounts of water, or good hydration, is necessary to prevent dehydration. Water is a vital substance in the body. It makes up about 70 percent of the muscles, organs, and solid tissue in the body and is crucial to many of the body's processes. Dehydration negatively affects such functions as eliminating toxins, delivering nutrients, carrying oxygen to the cells of the body, producing energy, and lubricating joints. Dehydration can impact proper balance of vital electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, which are also essential to healthy functioning of the body. Dehydration can be acute and appear relatively suddenly, such as dehydration that occurs with a new case of type 1 diabetes. Dehydration can also be ongoing and chronic, such as can occur an elderly person who does not drink enough fluids because of a fear of incontinence. Dehydration can also be a symptom of a diseases, such as aldosterone deficiency and type 1 diabetes. Dehydration can be the result of a wide variety of other conditions, diseases or disorders. These include vomiting, diarrhea, alcohol intoxication, fever, cholera, jet lag and gastroenteritis. Dehydration can also result from taking diuretic medications, such as furosemide (Lasix), which cause the body to lose water. Symptoms of dehydration include thirst, and dry lips and tongue. Complications of dehydration can be serious, even life-threatening and include shock, coma and death. For more details about symptoms and complications, see symptoms of dehydration. Diagnosing dehydration and its root cause begins with taking a thorough personal and family medical history, including symptoms, and completing a physical examination. Diagnostic testing that is performed generally includes a chemistry profile, which measures levels of electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium. A complete blood count can reveal blood that is abnormally concentrated due to a lack of water. A urine specific gravity test is a test that measures the specific gravity of urine, which is elevated with moderate to severe dehydration. A BUN and creatinine test measures kidney function and substances that may be abnormally high in the blood in dehydration. Making a diagnosis also includes performing a variety of other tests to help to diagnose the underlying disease, condition or disorder causing the dehydration. This generally includes blood sugar testing to check for diabetes. A diagnosis of dehydration and its cause can easily be delayed or missed because some people may be unaware that they have become dehydrated. For information on misdiagnosis, refer to misdiagnosis of dehydration. Treatment of dehydration involves rehydration using oral or intravenous fluids and treating any underlying disease, disorder or condition that may be causing the dehydration. For more information on treatment, refer to treatment of dehydration. ...more » Dehydration: Dehydration is the loss of water from the body. A related disorder is volume depletion where both fluids and salts are depleted in the cells. ...more » Dehydration: Symptoms Often the first symptom a person with dehydration experiences is thirst. By the time thirst is experienced, dehydration is already occurring. Not all people, especially the elderly, may experience or be aware of thirst in the early stages of dehydration. Other symptoms may include dry mouth, dry lips, sunken eyes, inability to make tears and little or no urine ...more symptoms » Dehydration: Treatments The first step in treating dehydration is prevention. For healthy adults this includes drinking eight eight ounce glasses of water every day. Water needs will be higher for certain people, such as athletes or people who live at high altitudes or in hot, dry climates. Athletes may benefit from drinking a solution that is fortified with the electrolytes ...more treatments » Dehydration: Misdiagnosis Diagnosing dehydration and its cause may be delayed or missed because the dehydration may not be severe enough for a person to seek medical care. Some people, especially as the elderly, may be unaware that they are experiencing symptoms of dehydration, such as thirst, rapid heartbeat, and weakness. In addition, some symptoms of dehydration, such as headache, thirst and dry skin ...more misdiagnosis » Symptoms of Dehydration See full list of 36 symptoms of Dehydration Treatments for Dehydration See full list of 16 treatments for Dehydration Home Diagnostic Testing Home medical testing related to Dehydration: Wrongly Diagnosed with Dehydration? Dehydration: Related Patient Stories Dehydration: Deaths Read more about Deaths and Dehydration. Alternative Treatments for Dehydration Alternative treatments or home remedies that have been listed in various sources as possibly beneficial for Dehydration may include: - Oral rehydration - Cinchona homeopathic remedy - Phosphoric acid homeopathic remedy - more treatments » Dehydration: Complications Review possible medical complications related to Dehydration: Causes of Dehydration See full list of 215 causes of Dehydration More information about causes of Dehydration: Disease Topics Related To Dehydration Research the causes of these diseases that are similar to, or related to, Dehydration: Misdiagnosis and Dehydration Unnecessary hysterectomies due to undiagnosed bleeding disorder in women: The bleeding disorder called Von Willebrand's disease is quite common in...read more » Read more about Misdiagnosis and Dehydration Dehydration: Research Doctors & Specialists Research related physicians and medical specialists: Other doctor, physician and specialist research services: Latest Treatments for Dehydration Read more about the latest treatments for Dehydration Dehydration: Animations More Dehydration animations & videos Research about Dehydration Visit our research pages for current research about Dehydration treatments. Clinical Trials for Dehydration The US based website ClinicalTrials.gov lists information on both federally and privately supported clinical trials using human volunteers. Some of the clinical trials listed on ClinicalTrials.gov for Dehydration include: See full list of 9 Clinical Trials for Dehydration Statistics for Dehydration Dehydration: Broader Related Topics Types of Dehydration Dehydration Message Boards Related forums and medical stories: User Interactive Forums Read about other experiences, ask a question about Dehydration, or answer someone else's question, on our message boards: Definitions of Dehydration: The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism. - (Source - Diseases Database) Dryness resulting from the removal of water - (Source - WordNet 2.1) Contents for Dehydration: User Surveys and Discussion Forums » Next page: What is Dehydration? Medical Tools & Articles: Tools & Services: Medical Articles: Forums & Message Boards - Ask or answer a question at the Boards:
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Voda je važan element koji čini više od 70% zdravog ljudskog tijela te je neophodna za pomoć u probavi, ispiranju toksina iz tijela i održavanju zdrave kože. Gubitak vode u tijelu je normalan proces koje se odvija tijekom cijelog dana kroz znojenje i mokrenje, ali se vraća kroz jelo i piće. Problem se javlja kad čovjek izgubi više tekućine nego što je konzumirao te time poremeti ravnotežu između minerala u tjelesnim tekućinama. Neprirodno stanje u kojem tjelesne stanice ne dobivaju dovoljno vode naziva se dehidracija. Dehidracija može biti blaga, umjerena ili teška, a temelji se na tome koliko je tjelesne tekućine tijelo izgubilo. Uzroci dehidracije su nedovoljno konzumiranje tekućine, prevelik gubitak tekućine zbog povraćanja, proljevi, znojenja (vježbanja i rada u vrućim uvjetima) te učestalog mokrenja kod dijabetičara. Kod beba i male djece, dehidracija je česta pojava, a uzrokuje je vrućina, povraćanje, proljev, bolest, nedobivanje dovoljne količine hrane i mlijeka, pojačano izlučivanje sline, plakanje, disanje s otvorenim ustima i pretjerano znojenje. Rano prepoznavanje simptoma dehidracije od izuzetne je važnosti kod beba i djece. Simptomi dehidracije Simptomi dehidracije su: tamna i gušća mokraća, suha usta, suha koža, ljepljiva i gusta slina, crvenilo u licu, smanjena potreba za mokrenjem, malo ili nimalo suza tijekom plakanja, glavobolja, zatvor ili tvrda stolica, žeđ, pospanost i umor, tamni podočnjaci, slabiji puls, ubrzani rad srca, grčevi u rukama i nogama, smanjeno znojenje, mučnina, povraćanje. Kod pojave teške dehidracije koja može dovesti do napadaja, kome, zatajenja organa i smrti potrebna je medicinska pomoć, a njezini simptomi su ekstremna žeđ, vrtoglavica, niski krvni tlak, zatvor koji traje nekoliko dana, groznica, nesvjestica i gubitak potrebe za mokrenjem. Liječenje dehidracije Liječenje dehidracije ovisi o njezinoj težini, tj. toliko je tekućine izgubljeno u organizmu. Savjet pedijatra u ovim slučajevima od izuzetne je važnosti. Kod blage i umjerene dehidracije, beba treba nastaviti s uobičajenim ritmom dojenja (hranjenja na bočicu), dok starija djeca moraju jesti hranu koja uključuje banane, rižu, žitarice, krumpir. Dijete mora piti dovoljno tekućine: vodu, limunadu, sok od naranče , bistru goveđu juhu, razrijeđeni sok. U slučaju umjerene do jake dehidracije, pedijatar će propisati posebne tekućine za nadomještanje izgubljenih elektrolita i pomoć u hidrataciji organizma. Ako se stanje djeteta ne poboljša i uočite da dijete djeluje dezorijentirano, ima temperaturu, crnu ili krvavu stolicu, bolove u predjelu trbuha, povraća ili ne može zadržati tekućinu, odmah potražite medicinsku pomoć. Najbolja zaštita od dehidracije je pravodobna prevencija i dovoljna konzumacija tekućine. Tekućina se može dobiti i iz drugih pića i hrane (voće i povrće). Uspostavite režim redovitog unosa tekućine kod djeteta. Prepoznajte situacije (bolest, vrućina, pojačani fizički napor, putovanje, izbijanje prvih zubića) u kojima je potrebno povećati unos tekućine u tijelo djeteta. Ako dojite, bebu hranite češće i kad ona to traži. Kako bi se dehidracija spriječila, potrebno je unositi vodu prije nego se žeđ osjeti. Naime, kada osjetimo žeđ, dehidracija je već nastupila. Savjet Odrasla osoba mora dnevno unositi najmanje 2 litre vode. Izbjegavajte sol u većim količinama, napitke s kofeinom, alkohol, gazirana pića te tešku i masnu hranu. Ljudi koji obično piju malo tekućine izloženi su riziku od bolesti bubrega, poremećaja mentalnih funkcija, probavnog sustava i problema sa srcem. Obratite pažnju na količinu konzumirane tekućine kako se vama ne bi desilo ono od čega pokušavate zaštiti svoje dijete. Tagovi: bebe, dehidracija, djeca, simptomi, tekućina, voda, vrućina