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Author: Cancer Learning Center Bone marrow or blood stem cell transplant is a cancer treatment for people with blood cancers, sickle cell anemia, and other diseases that affect the bone marrow. What is bone marrow and what is a bone marrow transplant? Bone marrow is a spongy tissue inside your bones that makes blood cells. A bone marrow transplant is a procedure to replace the blood-forming cells (stem cells). First, the patient receives chemotherapy, radiation, or both, to kill cancer cells and healthy cells in the bone marrow. Then, the patient receives new stem cells through an IV. The new stem cells make healthy blood cells. What is the difference between a bone marrow transplant and stem cell transplant? The only difference between a bone marrow transplant and a stem cell transplant is where the transplanted stem cells come from. Stem cells form in bone marrow, but some of those cells go into the blood stream. If the stem cells for the transplant come from bone marrow, the treatment is called a bone marrow transplant. If the stem cells come from the bloodstream, the treatment is called a peripheral blood stem cell transplant, or stem cell transplant for short. Are there different types of bone marrow transplants? These are the two types of bone marrow transplants: - Autologous: The transplant team collects and saves the patient’s own healthy stem cells. After treatment, the patients gets the healthy stem cells back. - Allogeneic: The patient gets stem cells from a donor. The donor can be a family member, friend, or stranger. The donor’s blood must match the patient’s blood. Is a bone marrow transplant the best treatment option for me? This depends on your disease and on what you want. Your doctor can guide you, but you make the final decision. Talk through all treatment options with your doctor to figure out what is best for you. Write down questions and concerns about the bone marrow transplant and bring a list to the next doctor’s appointment. Here is a list of questions to ask your doctor if you or a family member are thinking about this treatment. How long will I need to stay in the hospital after I receive a bone marrow transplant? Patients stay at the hospital anywhere from 30–100 days after they receive their transplant. The recovery time differs, depending on these things: - The type of transplant - How the body reacts to the transplant - Whether any other illnesses happen after the transplant Before treatment, the patient’s doctor can give an idea of how long the stay may be. But that may change after the transplant. I have a family member who needs a bone marrow transplant. How can I find out if I am a match? You will need to be tested to see if you are a match. Talk with your family member and their doctor about getting tested. Even if you don’t have a family member who needs a bone marrow transplant, you can sign up to be a potential donor. Huntsman Cancer Institute uses the Be The Match registry to find donors for patients who need a bone marrow transplant. Contact the Cancer Learning Center to learn more about bone marrow transplants or other cancer treatments. Learn more about blood and marrow transplant at Huntsman Cancer Institute. Cancer Learning Center Huntsman Cancer Institute cancerinfo@hci.utah.edu cancer care blood and marrow transplant cancer learning center
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Matične stanice iz koštane srži mogu se razviti u stanice mozga, piše ´Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences´. Obdukcijom obavljenom na mozgovima četiriju mrtvih žena prvi je put dokazano da se matične stanice iz koštane srži mogu razviti u moždane stanice, a ne samo u stanice krvi i kostiju kako se do sada vjerovalo. Istraživanje su proveli znanstvenici iz američkoga Nacionalnog instituta za neurologiju i moždanu kap u gradu Bethesda pod vodstvom Eve Mezey. Ovo bi otkriće trebalo omogućiti nove načine liječenja oštećenog ili bolesnog mozga, pri čemu bi se koristile same matične stanice ili još neotkrivene kemijske tvari koje ih potiču na pretvaranje u stanice mozga. Žene čije su mozgovi pregledani za života su liječene presađivanjem koštane srži od donatora muškaraca. Znanstvenici su iskoristili tu činjenicu jer to znači da su sve stanice s Y kromosomom u njihovim mozgovima potekle od presađene koštane srži. TEKST SE NASTAVLJA ISPOD OGLASA Budući da nisu pronađene samo pojedinačne stanice nego i nakupine stanica s Y kromosomom, to znači da su se one dijelile i nakon što su došle u mozak. Eva Mezey pretpostavlja da matične stanice stalno kruže tijelom i odlaze na mjesto gdje postoji oštećeno tkivo kako bi se pretvorile u potrebnu vrstu tkiva i popravile nastalu štetu, a sada treba otkriti signale koji upravljaju njihovim djelovanjem. Znanstvenici žele otkriti sve receptore na površini matičnih stanica, nakon čega bi se moglo utvrditi koje bi tvari mogle na njih djelovati. Poslije toga, matične stanice bile bi izlagane nekim tvarima i promatralo bi se u koju će se vrstu tkiva pretvoriti. Ista je skupina znanstvenika već utvrdila da se matične stanice koštane srži glodavaca pretvaraju u stanice mozga, a najnovije otkriće podupire rezultate pokusa koje je obavila Catherine Verfaillie sa Sveučilišta Minnesota. Tim je pokusima utvrđeno da se posebne stanice slične matičnim stanicama mogu pronaći u koštanoj srži miševa i ljudi, a Catherine Verfaillie dokazala je da se one mogu pretvoriti u sve vrste tkiva.