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High blood pressure is a condition where the blood pressure is more than normal. It is also known as hypertension. Heart pumps out blood, so that oxygen can reach to different parts of the body via blood. The pressure with which heart pumps blood is known as blood pressure. The blood pressure comprises of two measures, the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure is the larger figure and represents the pressure within the artery of the heart, when contractions take place which pump blood to different parts of the body. Diastolic pressure is the pressure within the artery of the heart, when the blood is filling in the heart and it is at rest. Both the pressures are measured in millimeters of mercury or mmHg. High blood pressure is abnormal increase in systolic pressure or diastole pressure. Blood pressure is measured by putting a blood pressure cuff on the arm and placing a stethoscope on the chest. There can be very little variation in blood pressure depending upon the time, emotional moods, age, gender, weight, height, physical activity, stress and other illness such as heart disease and kidney disease. Children and adolescents become anxious when they visit the doctor. This is also an important factor which affects the blood pressure and the readings taken get tampered because of it. That is the reason why many blood pressure readings are taken in order to determine whether the adolescent has high blood pressure or not. The nurse may even ask the adolescent to calm down while taken the readings. Time gap is given between each reading, so as to give time to the adolescent to calm down. Emotions can also affect the blood pressure reading. An infant will have a normal blood pressure reading of 80/45, where as an adolescent will have a normal blood pressure reading of 110/70. Therefore, age, gender, and height are important factor when determining the normal blood pressure level. Adults will have a higher blood pressure than the infants and teenagers. Also, boys have a higher blood pressure when compared to girls and tall people have a higher blood pressure than short people. An adolescent is said to have high blood pressure when the blood pressure is more than the blood pressure of ninety percent people of his/her age, gender and height. There are many risks associated with hypertension or high blood pressure. The risk of developing coronary heart disease increases proportionally. The arteries will develop greater resistance towards the blood flow, because of which the heart will pump blood harder. Stroke is also another risk. Adolescents who have had high blood pressure as a child, develop harmful effects on the blood vessels and heart till the time they turn twenty. The causes of high blood pressure can be classified as primary and secondary. If the causes are definite, they are primary and if the cause is linked to some illness, it is secondary. Primary causes are high blood cholesterol levels, smoking, stagnant lifestyle and overweight. Secondary causes are obesity, immobility due to chronic illness, prescription drugs, intense pain due to burns or cancer and illegal drugs. High blood pressure can develop due to hereditary reasons. Hypertension is diagnosed by blood test and urinalysis. The kidney function will also be checked, along with blood cholesterol levels. Family history check is another important factor. Adolescents’ eating habits, exercise levels, activities in school and home will also be studied thoroughly. High blood pressure is dealt with by weight reduction, healthy diet, and increase in physical activity. If hypertension is due to illness, the illness is treated first. These treatment measures will decrease the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. It will also strengthen the heart and decrease the level of cholesterol in blood. This also helps to keep heart diseases at bay. The good thing is that only one percent of the adolescents, who have high blood pressure, need medication to bring back the blood pressure to normal. - More from the American Academy of Pediatrics
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Visok krvni tlak, također poznat kao hipertenzija, najčešća je kardiovaskularna bolest. Dok god srce ubrzano kuca, pumpa se krv u arterije i tada je krvni tlak najveći. To se naziva sistolički tlak. Kad je srce u stanju mirovanja, između otkucaja, krvni tlak pada. Ovo je dijastolički tlak. Simptomi Većina ljudi s visokim krvnim tlakom ne osjeća simptome, iako malo ljudi u ranoj fazi visokog krvnog tlaka može da ima tupu glavobolju, vrtoglavice ili malo više od normalnog krvarenja iz nosa, ti znakovi i simptomi obično se ne pojavljuju sve dok visoki krvni tlak ne dostigne vrijednosti opasne po život. Normalan krvni tlak je 120/80, gdje je 120 sistolički (najviši) krvni tlak i 80 je dijastolički (najniži) krvni tlak. Kada je sistolički krvni tlak iznad 140 ili kada je dijastolički krvni tlak iznad 90, krvni tlak se smatra visokim. Hipertenzija može da bude uzrokovana raznim razlozima, kao što su: nasljednost, geni, visoka količina soli u ishrani, neaktivnost, gojaznost, prekomjerno ispijanje alkoholnih pića i/ili malo kalcija u ishrani. Hipertenzija je sve više rutinsko stanje u današnjem užurbanom životu. Mnogo ljudi je pretjerano debelo, prehrana je siromašna hranjivim tvarima, visoke su razine stresa, iako su neki ljudi genetski predisponirani za hipertenziju, postoji mnogo dokaza da zdrav stil života i dobra ishrana mogu da pomognu kod hipertenzije. Evo nekoliko savjeta kako da očuvate zdrav krvni tlak – Vegetarijanci, općenito, imaju niže razine krvnog tlaka i niži stupanj hipertenzije i drugih kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Stručnjaci smatraju da tipična vegetarijanska dijeta sadrži više kalija, složenih ugljikohidrata, polu nezasićenih masti, vlakna, kalcija, magnezija, vitamina C i vitamina A, od kojih svi mogu imati povoljan utjecaj na krvni tlak. – Jedite puno svježeg i smrznutog povrća, umjesto konzerviranog povrća. Ako koristite konzervirano povrće, isperite ga vodom na dvije do tri minute prije kuhanja. Ispiranje konzerviranog povrća smanjuje natrij za oko 40 posto. – Prehrana bogata vlaknima se pokazala djelotvornom u prevenciji i liječenju mnogih oblika kardiovaskularnih bolesti, uključujući i hipertenzije. – Pročitajte informacije na etiketi kako bi vidjeli količinu natrija. Naći ćete natrij u mg za jedno serviranje. – Odaberite proizvode sa smanjenom koncentracijom natrija. – Smanjenje težine će pomoći u snižavanju krvnog tlaka. Kako bi smanjili kalorije od masnoća, konzumirajte malo masne ili nemasne proizvode. – Prehrana bogata kalijem (povrće i voće) i masnim kiselinama je odličan izvor. Dnevni unos kalija trebao bi biti ukupno 7 grama dnevno. U ishrani bi trebalo biti malo zasićenih masnoća, šećera i soli. – Konzumirajte adekvatne količine kalcija uključujući malo masne mliječne proizvode tri puta dnevno.