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HPV Channel Topics & Medications Quicklinks Related Channels HPV Symptoms In many people who are infected with human papillomavirus, HPV symptoms do not appear. When symptoms do appear, they may be in the form of genital warts or precancerous changes in the cervix, vulva, anus, or penis. The virus is the major cause of cervical cancer, but this typically only occurs with an infection that remains for several years. Signs and Symptoms of HPV: An OverviewHPV stands for human papillomavirus and includes over 100 different types. HPV infects the skin or mucous membranes (the moist, inner lining of some organs and body cavities, such as the nose, mouth, lungs, and stomach). HPV got its name because it can cause warts, known medically as papillomas. But HPV can cause a number of other conditions besides warts. In fact, the symptoms that result when a person is infected will depend on which virus type is transmitted and the location of transmission. For example, unlike genital HPV, which is most often transmitted through skin-to-skin contact during sexual intercourse, the types of HPV that cause the warts that grow on hands and feet are not transmitted sexually. Some diseases that HPV can cause include: - Warts, including common warts, plantar warts, and flat warts - Genital warts (known medically as condylomata acuminata or venereal warts) - Precancerous changes in the cervix, vulva, anus, or penis - Cervical cancer. Fortunately, infections with most types of HPV are harmless and cause no symptoms. Genital HPV SymptomsOver 30 types of HPV can be transmitted sexually. In fact, HPV is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), with many millions of new genital HPV infections occurring each year in the United States. Because the virus rarely causes symptoms, the majority of infections are unnoticed. Some people, however, will have symptoms with a genital HPV infection, including visible genital warts, or will have precancerous changes in the cervix, vulva, anus, or penis. In rare cases, HPV infection results in anal or genital cancer. Written by/reviewed by: Arthur Schoenstadt, MD Last reviewed by: Arthur Schoenstadt, MD
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HPV Virus HPV virus HPV virus je virus, s kojim se zarazi bar polovina svih spolno aktivnih ljudi, a uzrokuje rak vrata maternice... Pročitajte sve o virusu HPV. Značajna skupina HPV su HPV virusi sluznice. Humani papiloma virusi ili HPV opsežna su skupina virusa koji se prenose s kože na kožu ili preko sluznice. Postoji više od 100 različitih genotipa HPV. HPV je jedna od najčešćih spolno prenosivih zaraza, kako kod muškaraca tako i kod žena. HPV je najčešći uzrok raka vrata maternice, a uzrokuje i rak na vulvi, anusu ili penisu. Postoji više od 100 različitih genotipa HPV. Značajna skupina HPV su HPV virusi sluznice. HPV viruse sluznice dijelimo na nisko-rizične, koji kod žena i muškaraca uzrokuju genitalne bradavice (najčešći su HPV 6 i HPV 11), i visoko-rizične, koji uzrokuju nastanak raka vrata maternice i drugih promjena koje prethode nastanku raka ( HPV 16 i HPV 18). HPV se najčešće prenosi spolnim odnosima, a virusom niskog rizika zaraženo je do 60 % svih žena mlađih od 30 let. S visoko-rizičnim virusom zaraženo je oko 15 posto svih žena. Zaraza s visoko-rizičnim virusom se dogodi onda kada tijelo ne uspije pobijediti zarazu. Takva zaraza može trajati godinama i teško ju je otkriti. HPV se najčešće prenosi spolnim odnosima (jlp) Neaktivna zaraza s nisko-rizičnim virusom nema vidljivih znakova, zaraženo je područje potpuno normalno. Tijelo nadzire zarazu i moguće je da za nju nikada niti nećete saznati. Kod aktivne zaraze (zaraza s virusom visokog rizika), virus u zaraženim stanicama uzrokuje promjene. Promijenjene stanice se kao promijenjene vide na PAP brisu. Ako takve stanice ostanu neotkrivene, promjene mogu voditi do nastanka raka vrata maternice. Sama infekcija nije izlječiva, od infekcije se možemo zaštititi cijepljenjem protiv HPV. U većini slučajeva se u roku od dvije godine virus sam izluči. Možemo liječiti samo promjene na koži (bradavice) i predkancerogene promjene vrata maternice. Bris ušća maternice sastavni je dio preventivnog ginekološkog pregleda za spriječavanje raka vrata maternice. Redoviti ginekološki pregledi izuzetno su važni, jer samo ginekolog s uzimanjem i pregledavanjem stanica u brisu s ušća maternice (test PAP) može utvrditi jeste li zaraženi i poduzeti odgovarajuće mjere u slučaju predkancerogenih promjena a vratu maternice. Sama infekcija nije izlječiva, od infekcije se možemo zaštititi cijepljenjem protiv HPV.