http___www.krenizdravo.rtl.hr_zdravlje_herpes-simplex-tipovi-simptomi-i-lijecenje_1.xml
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http://www.reikihealinglight.com/spleen.htm Just watch the picture for a 10 minutes. Last night, after about a little less then 10 minutes, looking into the mirror, I have noticed that the crust that was on my right side of the lips was absolutelly completely gone! I wanted to post the results here,right away, but I decided I will do it today, insted. I had a herpes labialis (oral herpes) on my lips that lasted about a week and in the final period I had a little crust, as it usually forms at the end of an OB. I was checking my lips tens and tens of times on a daily basis, to see how it looks. For the first time the crust was, as I’ve above said, completely gone. That is fantastic news! Here are now, info’s abot the spleen related problems with the herpes virus. Just a little bit of information that can be seen as crucial in understanding what had happened during my reiki experiment. I have capitalised the ENLARGED SPLEEN in the next paragraph. Symptoms of HSV-2 in the Newborn. Clinical evidence of neonatal HSV-2 infection usually becomes apparent between five to 17 days of life, but it may develop as early as 24 hours or as late as 34 days. About half of infected infants develop lesions, which may range from raised spots to large isolated blisters. They can be anywhere on the skin, eyes, or in the mouth. The other half do not develop lesions until later in the course of the infection. The absence of lesions, therefore, should not be considered a guarantee that HSV has not been transmitted. Temperature instability can be the first indication. Parents and physicians should also watch for irritability, blotchy skin, discharge in the eyes, sensitivity to light, tearing, lethargy, jaundice, pallor, coughing, rapid breathing, ENLARGED SPLEEN, seizures, or tremors. Because this infection can be life threatening or cause lifelong disabilities, any newborn with an infected or high-risk mother should be checked carefully for symptoms [ see How Serious Is Herpes Simplex , below ]. http://wellness.ucdavis.edu/medical_conditions_az/herpessimplex52.html I will repost the whole article in here ( it is about Prunella Vulgaris or self heal herb used as folk treatment for treating herpes Herpes Simplex September 1999 WHAT IS HERPES SIMPLEX? Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common cause of infections of the skin and mucous membranes and an uncommon cause of more serious infections in other parts of the body. The word herpes is derived from the Greek word “herpein,” which means “to creep.” It is a reference to the characteristic pattern of herpes simplex skin lesions, which are often tiny blisters grouped together on an inflamed base. HSV is one of the most difficult viruses to control and has plagued mankind worldwide for thousands of years. There are two distinct types of the virus: herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2). As a rule, HSV-1 infects the oral cavity and is not sexually transmitted, while HSV-2 attacks the genital area and is sexually transmitted. Either type, however, can occasionally be found in either area or at other sites. Of some concern, in fact, is an increase in genital HSV-1 cases, so that it now causes a quarter of all genital herpes cases. For purposes of simplicity, however, this report will occasionally refer to HSV-1 as oral herpes and HSV-2 as genital herpes. (Herpes simplex is not to be confused with other herpes viruses, including human herpesvirus 8, now believed to cause Kaposi’s sarcoma, and herpes zoster, the virus responsible for shingles and chicken pox.) Once HSV enters the body, it penetrates vulnerable cells in the lower layers of human skin tissue and busily attempts to replicate itself in the cell nuclei. This process can destroy host cells, causing inflammation and fluid-filled blisters or ulcers in these areas. Once the fluid is absorbed, scabs form and the blisters disappear without scarring. It should be noted that in the majority of infections, the virus never causes any symptoms at all. The viral particles are carried from the skin through branches of nerve cells to clusters at the nerve-cell ends called ganglia. Here, the virus persists in an inactive (latent) form, in which complete viral replication does not occur but both the host cells and the virus survive. Infection is not apparent during these periods. In many cases, however, the virus begins multiplying again and in symptomatic patients, flare-ups often recur. After an initial infection with oral HSV-1, between 20% to 40% of patients experience recurrent flare-ups. In patients with HSV-2 genital herpes, the recurrence rate is even higher: up to 80%. It is not completely known what triggers this renewed infection, but a number of different factors may be involved, such as sunlight, wind, fever, local physical injury, menstruation, suppression of the immune system, or emotional stress. The body does mount an immune response to HSV, and in healthy people recurring infections tend to become progressively less severe and less frequent. The immune system, however, cannot eradicate the virus completely. Scientists are closer to decoding the genetic structure of HSV and to discovering how the virus works its way into specific white blood cells. Scientists have isolated a protein called HveC that seems to promote herpes simplex infection. It may become a prime target for preventive or therapeutic interventions against herpes. Similarly, a protein in the membranes of nerve and other cells has been identified that may facilitate the entry of HSV into the cells. WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS? The symptoms of the infection vary during each of the three stages of the virus: the initial or primary outbreak; latency; and recurrence. Both herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 produce similar symptoms, but they can vary in severity in different parts of the body [ see Table, below]. Symptom Stages of All Herpes Simplex Viruses Symptoms of Primary Infection. Skin eruptions may appear three to 12 days after the initial exposure to the virus. Once HSV gains entry at a site in the body, the virus spreads to nearby mucosal areas through nerve cells. This characteristic spreading can cause fairly large infected areas to erupt at some distance from the initial crop of sores. For both types of herpes simplex, the first sign is fluid accumulation (edema) at the infection site, which is quickly followed by small, grouped blisters, the characteristic HSV lesions. These form on an inflamed skin base, which is more visible in dry skin areas. The blisters then dry out and heal rapidly without scarring. Blisters in moist areas heal more slowly. The lesions may sometimes itch, but itching decreases as lesions heal. When the crust falls off, the lesions are no longer contagious. (The virus may still be active in nearby tissue but such persistence is rare.) The primary skin infection with either HSV-1 or HSV-2 lasts up to two to three weeks, but skin pain can last one to six weeks in a primary HSV attack. Lymph glands near the site may be swollen as well. Primary herpes is often accompanied by fever rising to about 102 F, muscle aches, headache, and flu-like malaise. These general symptoms usually resolve within a week. Latency and Shedding. During the period known as latency, HSV produces no symptoms at all and is not transmissible. At times, however, this latent period ends and the virus goes through a process called shedding. It begins to multiply and become transmittable, but without any apparent symptoms. HSV-2, particularly in women, is more likely to undergo this process. It is estimated that over 50% of people with HSV-2 shed the virus at some time without having visible evidence of blisters or inflammation. Shedding is an especially insidious stage, and studies indicate that asymptomatic shedding with subsequent viral transmission to another person possibly accounts for one-third of all HSV-2 infections. Symptoms of Recurring Infections. Recurrent attacks of HSV feature most of the same symptoms at the same sites as the primary attack, but they tend to be milder and briefer. Fever is rarely present in recurrent episodes, although nearby lymph glands may become involved. The anatomic site and the type of virus influence the frequency of recurrences. Recurrences may occur at intervals of days, weeks, or years, but for most people, they are more frequent during the first year and then gradually decrease in subsequent years. Symptoms of Oral Herpes Oral herpes (herpes labialis) is most often caused by HSV-1 and usually affects the lips and, in some primary attacks, the mucous membranes in the mouth. A facial herpes infection on the cheeks or in the nose may occur, but this condition is very uncommon. Primary HSV-1 Infection . The primary (or initial) HSV-1 infection does not usually produce symptoms. If it does, the symptoms can be very painful, particularly in small children. Blisters form on the lips but may also erupt on the tongue. The blisters eventually rupture as painful open sores, develop a yellowish membrane before healing, and disappear within three to 14 days. Increased salivation and foul breath may be present. In children, the infection usually occurs in the mouth, in adolescents, the primary infection is more apt to occur in the upper part of the throat and cause soreness. Rarely, the infection may be accompanied by difficulty in swallowing, chills, muscle pain, or hearing loss. Recurrent HSV-1 Infection. About 60% of HSV-1 infections recur within a year. Recurrences are usually much milder than primary infections and are known commonly as cold sores or fever blisters. They usually show up on the lower lip and rarely affect the gums or throat. Reactivation can be provoked within about three days of intense dental work, particularly root canal or tooth extraction. Symptoms of Genital Herpes Primary HSV-2 Infection . Primary infection with HSV-2 usually occurs in or around the genital area two to eight days after exposure to the virus. Flu-like discomfort and fever, nerve pain, itching, lower abdominal pain, urinary difficulties, and yeast infections in women may precede or accompany the eruption of the characteristic skin blisters. Blisters in men are usually on the head or shaft of the p**** and only rarely at the base. In women, lesions may appear around the vaginal opening, on the buttocks, in the v*****, or on the cervix. These lesions ulcerate almost immediately. Later they become crusted and fill with a grayish-white fluid. A new crop often occurs during the second week and is accompanied by swollen lymph glands in the groin. The symptoms may last as long as six weeks. In many cases, women whose lesions occur inside the v***** may be unaware that they have HSV-2. Lesions here can cause a discharge but are not visible and cause minimal nerve pain. It is very important that women with vaginal discharge be tested, since as many as 23% are able to transmit the virus within a three-month period of a first episode, even after the lesions have healed. The virus is less likely to be contagious after this period of time. Lesions develop in places other than the genital region in 10% to 18% of primary HSV-2 infections. In such cases, blisters and sores in the urethra (the channel that carries urine) are particularly common and can cause painful burning during urination. Inflammation of the internal reproductive organs, including the uterus lining (endometrium) and the fallopian tubes, is rare. If the HSV-2 infection has persisted for a long time without symptoms, the first active episode may be quite mild because the immune system has produced antibodies to the virus by that time. In general, such primary infections are less transmissible, heal faster, and produce fewer symptoms. Recurrent HSV-2 Infection. HSV-2 infections recur more often than HSV-1, and 90% recur within the first year after primary infection. Many patients report five to eight recurrences in the first year, but some experience them as often as every two weeks. Others have only one initial outbreak without any subsequent recurrences. The outbreak of infection is often preceded by an early group of symptoms known as a prodrome, which may include itching skin, pain, or an abnormal tingling sensation. The prodrome, which may be as brief as two hours or as long as two days, terminates when the blisters develop. After blisters erupt, they heal in approximately six to 10 days. Men have 20% more recurrences of genital herpes than women, although the symptoms in men are milder and of shorter duration. Even in women, recurring symptoms are milder than primary ones. Occasionally, the symptoms may not resemble those of the primary episode but produce fissures and scrapes in the skin or general genital inflammation. Symptoms of HSV-2 in the Newborn. Clinical evidence of neonatal HSV-2 infection usually becomes apparent between five to 17 days of life, but it may develop as early as 24 hours or as late as 34 days. About half of infected infants develop lesions, which may range from raised spots to large isolated blisters. They can be anywhere on the skin, eyes, or in the mouth. The other half do not develop lesions until later in the course of the infection. The absence of lesions, therefore, should not be considered a guarantee that HSV has not been transmitted. Temperature instability can be the first indication. Parents and physicians should also watch for irritability, blotchy skin, discharge in the eyes, sensitivity to light, tearing, lethargy, jaundice, pallor, coughing, rapid breathing, enlarged spleen, seizures, or tremors. Because this infection can be life threatening or cause lifelong disabilities, any newborn with an infected or high-risk mother should be checked carefully for symptoms [ see How Serious Is Herpes Simplex , below ]. Symptoms of Other Forms of HSV-1 and HSV-2 Location and type Symptoms Eye (ocular herpetic infection). Affects only one eye at a time. Almost always HSV-1. Primary: Inflammation of cornea (keratitis) causing sudden severe pain, blurred vision, or corneal lesions. Cloudy layer can form over the cornea. Swelling may occur around the eyes. Heals within 2-3 weeks. Recurrence: Usually keratitis in a single eye, but symptoms may be present in the other eye as well. Branching, ulcerous lesions of the cornea may occur later in the disease. Finger (herpetic whitlow). One finger, usually thumb or index finger in adults. Any finger in children. Usually HSV-2, but HSV-1 likely if contracted by medical or dental personnel. Primary: Itching or pain, swelling, flushing of the skin, localized tenderness of the infected finger. Clear-yellowish or pus-filled blisters may appear on fingertip lasting 2-3 weeks. Soft tissue around fingernail may become painfully infected. Finger blisters may become secondarily infected with common bacteria, causing fever and armpit swelling. Recurrence: Sometimes intense burning nerve pain or excessive sensitivity. Brain (HSV encephalitis). Usually HSV-1. Fever, headache, stiff neck, seizures, partial paralysis, stupor or coma. Other symptoms: smell and taste disturbances, odd mental states, bizarre or psychotic behavior, loss of the ability to speak or understand, memory loss, confusion, emotional volatility. Lower back. Usually HSV-2. Numbness, tingling of the buttocks or the perianal area, urinary retention, constipation, and impotence. Weakness or extreme skin sensitivity in the lower extremities, possibly persisting for months. Headaches, stiff neck, and, very rarely, paralysis in lower extremities caused by inflammation of the spinal cord. Peripheral nervous system (controls nerves other than brain and spine). Usually HSV-1. Portion of the face temporarily paralyzed (Bell’s palsy). Other areas of the body may exhibit numbness or loss of feeling to the touch. A***-rectal area (herpes proctitis). Usually HSV-2. Pain in a*** and rectal areas, constipation, itching, discharge, desire to defecate when no fecal matter is present (tenesmus). Inflammation and swollen lymph nodes in the groin. Other symptoms: fever, chills, an abnormal tingling at the base of the spine, difficulty in urinating, b***** stools, and impotence. Other skin areas (herpetic erythema multiforme). May follow any form of recurrent HSV. Circular or irregular eruptions on backs of arms and hands. Recurrence of erythema multiforme common in same areas. Esophagus. Usually HSV-1. Difficulty swallowing or burning, squeezing throat pain while swallowing, weight loss, pain in or behind the upper chest while swallowing. Herpes lesions difficult to differentiate from other throat sores. WHO GETS HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS? General Risk Factors for Herpes Simplex Virus Everyone is at risk for herpes simplex virus. Contact with bodily secretions of an infected person is the most common mode of viral transmission. The risk of transmission is lower during latency, but some chance always exists that the virus is shedding and transmissible at any time. After the initial episode, the infected person can transmit later infections by passing the virus on to other parts of his or her own body (most often the hands, thighs, or buttocks). (This process, known as autoinoculation, is more common with HSV-2 but it can also occur HSV-1.) Specific Risk Factors for Oral Herpes (HSV-1) HSV-1 is the more common herpes simplex virus and infects nearly everyone, with highest incidence occuring between six months and three years old. By the fourth decade of life, in some regions, 90% of people test positively for the infection. It is easily spread by direct exposure to saliva or even from droplets in breath. Skin to skin contact is sufficient to spread it. Transmission most often occurs through close personal contact, such as kissing or sharing common eating utensils. This form is rarely caused by sexual transmission, although the increase in genital HSV-1 cases is most likely to due to oral s**. Specific Risk Factors for Genital Herpes (HSV-2) Genital herpes is usually due to infection from herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) transmitted through sexual intercourse, and people with multiple sexual partners are at high risk. The virus, however, can also enter through the a***, skin, and other areas. About 20% of American Caucasian and 65% of African American adults harbor HSV-2, but only 2.6% have symptomatic infection. Although African Americans are more likely to test positively for the virus, Caucasians, have a higher risk for active symptoms, and over the past few years, the greatest increase in HSV-2 has been observed in white adolescents. Less than 1% of American children younger than 15 test positive for HSV-2, and in these cases sexual abuse should be considered. The highest rates of HSV-2 are seen in women in their early twenties. Women have an 80% to 90% chance of contracting HSV-2 after unprotected sexual activity with an infected partner and are 1.7 times more likely to be infected than men. Men, however, have twice as many recurrent infections as women. Risk Factors for HSV in Newborns Newborns whose mothers have HSV-2, particularly when it occurs at the time of delivery, are at risk for contracting herpes. The risk increases if these infants are born prematurely and instruments are required during vaginal delivery. Transmission can occur if the amniotic membrane of an infected woman ruptures prematurely or as the infant passes through an infected birth canal. Very rarely, the virus is transmitted across the placenta, a form of the infection known as congenital herpes. Unfortunately, over 60% of women whose infants develop neonatal HSV have no history of HSV-2 and no symptoms at the time of delivery; occasionally, lesions on the buttocks will indicate the presence of the virus. Because herpes in the newborn is generally an uncommon event, experts are divided over whether the high cost of testing specifically for HSV-2 before delivery, even in high-risk groups, is worth the benefit for such a small group of mothers and infants. Other Risk Factors Wrestlers, rugby players, and other athletes who participate in direct contact sports without protective clothing are at risk for an unusual form of HSV-1 called herpes gladiatorum. Immunosuppressed patients, including those infected with HIV (the virus that causes AIDS), are at particular increased risk for very severe herpes. HOW SERIOUS IS HERPES SIMPLEX? The severity of symptoms depends on where and how the virus gains entry into the body. Except in very rare instances and in special circumstances, the disease is not life threatening, although it can be very debilitating and cause great emotional distress. Pregnancy and the Newborn Between .01% and .04% of all pregnancies have complications if either HSV-2 or HSV-1 occur in the mother’s genital area. Complications include miscarriage, premature labor, retarded fetal growth, or transmission of the HSV infection to the infant while in the uterus or at the time of delivery. Studies indicate that the newborn is threatened only when the mother becomes infected near the time of labor. Infections earlier in the pregnancy may not pose a threat, although more research is needed. One study has indicated that HSV-1 in either men or women may be implicated in some cases of infertility. More research is needed. Recurrence is common during pregnancy; fortunately, the risk to the newborn is much lower with recurring HSV-2 infections than with a primary infection that occurs near delivery. In addition, the symptoms in babies infected by recurring infection of HSV-2 may be less serious than those infected by primary outbreaks because their mothers have developed and passed along protective antibodies to HSV-2. Antibodies to HSV-1 do not offer similar protection. Neonatal HSV is a serious condition which, if undiagnosed, can progress to the central nervous system (CNS), causing meningitis or encephalitis, and to internal organs, such as the liver, the lungs, and the adrenal glands. Such disseminated disease is fatal in up to 80% of newborns if left untreated. Even if such infants survive, less than 10% will develop normally. However, treatment sharply reduces the mortality rate to 25%. Conditions that indicate severe HSV in infants include the following: acute infection in the mother at delivery, prematurity, an abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) reading of the infant’s brain, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), a disorder of the blood-clotting mechanism in response to infection. Severe problems in infants are unusual in cases that are confined to the skin, which constitute about 10% of neonatal HSV infections. Effects on the Brain and Central Nervous System Herpes Encephalitis. Herpes accounts for 10% to 20% of cases of acute viral encephalitis, an extremely serious brain disease. Fortunately the incidence is very rare and affects only 1 in 250,000 to 500,000 people infected with herpes. HSV-1 is almost always the culprit, except in newborns. In about 70% of infant herpes encephalitis, the disease occurs when a latent virus is activated. In about one-quarter of HSV-1 encephalitis cases, the infection may be caused by a new strain of the virus. Respiratory arrest can occur within the first 24 to 72 hours. If untreated, approximately 60% to 80% of those who contract this condition will progress to coma and death within a few days. Recovery from HSV encephalitis is dependent on the patient’s age, the level of consciousness, duration of the disease, and the promptness of treatment. Those who recover may suffer some impairment, ranging from mild neurological impairment to paralysis. Herpes Meningitis. Herpes meningitis occurs in 4% to 8% of cases of primary genital HSV-2, and women are more likely to develop it than men are. Symptoms include headache, fever, stiff neck, vomiting, and sensitivity to light. Fortunately, herpes meningitis is self-limited, lasting for only two to seven days. Neurologic consequences are rare, but recurrences have been reported. HSV-2 may also cause another form known as benign recurrent lymphocytic meningitis, which is also not dangerous. Other Neurologic Diseases. Of interest are studies indicating a higher risk for Alzheimer’s disease in people who have both HSV 1 and a gene called apoE4, a known risk factor for Alzheimer’s. Other neurologic syndromes that have been linked to HSV infection include epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, atypical pain syndromes, ascending myelitis, and neuralgias. AIDS and Immunocompromised Patients Patients whose immune systems have been damaged by disease or medications are known as immunocompromised. The disease most commonly implicated in this condition is AIDS, but immune systems can be damaged by long-term use of steroids and other drugs that suppress the immune system, severe burns, and cancer therapies. People with these conditions are extremely susceptible to many infections. Herpes simplex is particularly devastating for AIDS patients. Not only does the presence of HSV increase the risk for contracting AIDS in the first place, but if both viruses are present, there appears to be a synergy between them, with each increasing the severity of the other. Herpes simplex in such immunocompromised patients can cause serious and even life-threatening pneumonia, hepatitis, inflammation of the esophagus, encephalitis, and destruction of the adrenal glands. Less serious conditions include stomach and a*** ulcers and inflammation in the colon. In herpes patients with healthy immune systems, these complications are unusual, but their incidence is increasing. Kaposi’s varicellum eruption is a form of eczema caused by herpes that can afflict immunocompromised patients, including burn victims. The condition causes severe oral-facial infections, quickly involving extensive areas of skin, and may spread to other organs of the body. Vision Loss As many as 400,000 Americans have had ocular herpes. Herpetic infections of the eye can cause loss of vision and damage to the upper layers over the cornea that occurs over a period of months to years. In most cases, visual impairment is very slight. In about 6% of ocular herpes, however, a condition called stroma keratitis occurs, in which deeper layers of the cornea are involved, possibly as an abnormal immune response to the original infection. In these rare cases, scarring and corneal thinning develop, which may cause the eye’s globe to rupture and result in blindness. Ocular herpes is the most frequent infectious cause of corneal blindness in the world. Other Diseases Linked to Herpes Simplex A number of other conditions have been linked to HSV infections, although the association has not been substantiated in most cases. Arthritis affecting a single joint has been sporadically reported as a result of HSV infection. Certain kidney and blood diseases have also been reported in conjunction with HSV infection. One study has also found an association between HSV-2 and coronary artery disease. People with HSV-2 may also have an increased susceptibility to sexually-transmitted hepatitis C. HSV has been implicated as a cause of cervical cancer, but herpes simplex (as well as other infections often present with this cancer) may simply be markers of increased sexual activity rather than causative agents. Emotional and Social Effects Not least among the damaging effects of HSV-2 is its impact on the social and emotional life of patients. In one survey of herpes patients, 82% felt depressed and 75% were worried about rejection. Over a quarter had suicidal thoughts. In nearly 80% of the respondents, the disease had a profound effect on their sexual life. The patient must notify sexual partners, past and present, about their condition, a deeply humiliating experience. Guilt and anger are common emotions, and relationships may be shattered. It is important to note that the condition is often dormant for many years and may not have been transmitted by a current sexual partner. Support groups or couples therapy can be very helpful. WHAT OTHER CONDITIONS ARE SIMILAR TO HERPES SIMPLEX? Oral Sores The common aphthous ulcers, known as canker sores, are often confused with HSV-1. These sores can appear frequently on the inside of the mouth and are usually grayish with a sharp edge. They usually heal in two weeks without treatment. Other conditions that may be confused with oral herpes include herpangina (a form of the Coxsackie A virus), sore throat caused by strep or other bacteria, and infectious mononucleosis. Genital Disorders Conditions that may be confused with HSV-2 are bacterial and yeast infections, genital warts, herpes zoster (shingles), molluscum (a virus disease which produces small rounded swellings), scabies, syphilis, and certain cancers. Eye Injuries Simple corneal scratches can cause the same pain as herpetic infection but these usually resolve within 24 hours and don’t exhibit the corneal lesions characteristic of herpes simplex. Skin Disorders Skin disorders that may mimic herpes simplex include shingles and chicken pox (both caused by varicella-zoster, another herpes virus), impetigo, and Steven-Johnson syndrome, a serious inflammatory disease usually caused by a drug allergy. WHAT TESTS ARE USED TO DETECT HERPES SIMPLEX? Generally, the herpes simplex virus is identifiable by the characteristic lesion: a thin-walled blister on an inflamed base of skin. If the diagnosis is uncertain, more tests will be needed. Patients diagnosed with genital herpes should be tested for other sexually-transmitted diseases. Viral Cultures Although the lesions of herpes simplex virus are distinctive, they can be confused with other skin infections. An accurate diagnosis of HSV is best made by taking a fluid sample from the lesions as early as possible (ideally within the first three days of appearance). A viral culture from the sample is almost 100% accurate if lesions are still in the clear blister stage. Results usually take a few days, although new technology exists that can shorten this period to 24 hours (if cases of infection are severe). Such tests are not as effective for older ulcerated sores, recurrent lesions, or latency, since at these stages the virus may not be active enough to reproduce sufficiently to produce a visible culture. Microscopic Examination of Tissue Scrapings Quicker but less reliable tests use scrapings from lesions, which are then stained and microscopically examined. Findings of specific giant cells with many nuclei or inclusion bodies (distinctive particles that carry the virus) indicate HSV infection. It should be noted that this test is only accurate in 50% to 70% of cases, and it cannot distinguish between the HSV types or between herpes simplex and herpes zoster. Immunologic Tests Other tests are occasionally performed that make use of the properties of the immune system and the genetic make-up of the virus. One test produces specific antibodies that hunt out and identify the herpes virus and often differentiate between types. These tests have been only 80% to 95% as sensitive as viral cultures and are especially weak in detecting viral shedding in asymptomatic patients. Their accuracy is improving however. A test called ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is 85% accurate in detecting the herpes virus and 100% accurate in determining the relevant strain. Results are available in two hours. A recent form of the test also can distinguish between HSV-1 and HSV-2. This test appears to be very promising, particularly for newborns at high risk for HSV-although experts do not advise using this as the sole diagnostic test. Tests for HSV Encephalitis Diagnosis of HSV encephalitis may require a number of tests. Electroencephalography (EEG) traces brain waves and can identify about 80% of cases. Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans may be used to differentiate encephalitis from other conditions. Brain biopsy is the most reliable method of diagnosing HSV encephalitis, but it is also the most invasive and is generally performed only if the diagnosis is uncertain. Another test called the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay identifies HSV in cerebrospinal fluid and gives a rapid diagnosis of HSV encephalitis. PCR uses a piece of the DNA of the virus and then replicates millions of times until the virus is detectable. This test can identify specific strains of the virus and asymptomatic shedding. Sensitivity is almost equal to viral culture and results are also much quicker, but at this time PCR should not replace other diagnostic tools for infants with suspected HSV encephalitis. Tests for the Newborn at Risk In the asymptomatic newborn delivered from an infected mother, cultures should be taken between 24 and 48 hours after birth. culture taken right at the time of delivery may give a false indication of infection in the baby, simply because it can carry some of the mother’s virus from the birth canal. While results are pending, the baby should be checked regularly for rash and blisters, particularly in areas where the skin is broken, along with any signs of illness including fever, lethargy, respiratory distress, and poor feeding. WHAT ARE THE HOME TREATMENTS AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR HERPES SIMPLEX? Most herpes simplex infections that develop on the skin can be managed at home with over-the-counter pain killers and symptomatic relief. Symptomatic Relief The lesions should be kept clean and dry with an agent such as cornstarch. Talcum power should never be used because of its association with an increased risk for ovarian cancer. In general, it is important not to touch the sores, to wash the hands frequently during the day, and to keep the body clean and dry. Fingernails should be scrubbed daily. Wearing sun block helps prevent sun-triggered recurrence of HSV-1. Tight-fitting clothing should be avoided because restricting air circulation slows healing of the sores. Local application of ice packs may alleviate the pain and help reduce recurrences by suppressing the virus. Lukewarm baths may be helpful, and for people who have pain in urination, some experts recommend urinating in the bath water at the end of the bathing time; this dilutes the urine and prevents burning the sores. S** should be avoided both during the outbreaks and the prodromes, the early symptoms of herpes, which include tingling, itching, or tenderness in the infected areas. Over-the-counter medications such as aspirin, acetaminophen (Datril, Panadol, Tylenol), or ibuprofen (Advil, Medipren, Motrin, Nuprin), can be used to reduce fever and local tenderness. Children should take acetaminophen; they should never be given aspirin. For severe itching in anyone, diphenhydramine (Benadryl) may be useful or a physician can prescribe drugs such as hydroxyzine (Atarax or Vistaril). Topical 5% lidocaine jelly can be used as a local anesthetic for pain. Stress Management In one study stress management techniques developed using cognitive-behavioral methods were not only effective in reducing depression in those with HSV-2 but blood test results also revealed lower levels of HSV-2 antibodies. In any case, reducing stress using relaxation techniques does no harm. Special Diets or Foods No special diet has been proven to reduce symptoms of herpes virus . Some people take supplements of L-lysine to prevent cold sores and claim that taking 1,000 mg per day helps sores heal rapidly. There are also unproven claims that eating foods high in L-lysine and low in arginine (both are amino acids) will help prevent outbreaks of oral They include most dairy products (especially yogurt), beets, apples, pears, mangos, oily fish (such as salmon, haddock, snapper, and swordfish), soybean sprouts, chicken, and tomatoes. Many of the foods with the reverse ratio (low L-lycine and high arginine) are very important for health, and no one should avoid them because of any unsubstantiated claims. Such foods include nuts, many fruits, garlic, onions, whole grains, and green vegetables. (Some people have even found that garlic capsules are helpful.) Caffeine has some anti-herpesvirus properties, although it is not known whether drinking caffeinated beverages would have any effect on HSV-1. Herbal and Other So-called Natural Remedies There are many unproven claims for numerous alternatives and unconventional remedies for herpes simplex. Among those that have shown no benefit are vitamins, minerals, and light therapy. Some people report benefits from using a cream made from Melissa, an herb from the mint family, or applying a dropper-full of the herbal extract echinacea to the sores every few hours after the onset of symptoms. Anecdotal reports have indicated that applying tea tree oil on mouth sores was effective for both prevention of new sores and healing existing ones. Some studies are finding anti-HSV-1 properties in a number of traditional Chinese herbal medicines. It should be noted, however, that many herbal treatments are not harmless and can be very potent. Few have been tested for benefits or side effects. No untested treatment should be tried without discussing it first with the physician. An extract from the plant Prunella vulgaris is showing promise for stopping HSV 1 and 2 viral growth in cells, even in acyclovir resistant strains. More research is warranted on this interesting substance. Preventing Transmission When lesions are present, persons infected with any form of herpes virus should carefully wash their hands after contact with the primary infection site so as not to transmit the virus to other sites on the body. The virus can live for up to two hours on cloth and for four hours on plastic. Although transmission from objects such as toilet seats and towels is unlikely, keeping personal items separate during an active infection may help to reduce transmission to other household members. It is almost impossible to defend against the transmission of oral HSV-1, however, since it can be transmitted by very casual contact. Infection with genital herpes is easier to prevent. If active lesions are present, infected persons should abstain from sexual intercourse. Unfortunately, viral shedding and transmission may occur when no lesions or symptoms are present. Women with HSV-2 who have frequent attacks are at particular risk for transmitting the virus during asymptomatic periods (with shedding most likely occurring a week before or after symptoms erupt). Most new cases of infection are spread during these asymptomatic periods, so noninfected partners should wear condoms during all sexual activity with an infected person. The use of latex condoms will reduce transmission of HSV-2 but does not constitute complete protection unless it covers the entire infected area. Even then, a small tear could permit passage of the virus. Condoms made from animal membrane are to be avoided; although they prevent pregnancy, the herpes virus can pass through them. Plastic condoms, such as the Avanti male condom, are an alternative to those allergic to latex, but studies indicate that they break or slip 6% of the time. The female condom may be a superior form of protection because it covers a large area. Laboratory and small studies suggest that the female condom is quite effective against HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases, although major studies are not yet available to confirm these findings. It is not clear whether a spermicidal gel offers any additional protection against sexually transmitted disease. It should be stressed that at this time no form of contraception is 100% fool-proof against the virus. An experimental spermicide containing an extract of red seaweed and nonoxynol-9, a common spermacide, is showing promise at protecting against HSV-2. Vaginal gels (PRO 2000) that may prevent HSV-2, HIV, and other sexually transmitted diseases are also in development. WHAT ARE THE DRUGS BEING USED AND TESTED FOR HERPES SIMPLEX? Acyclovir and Other Antiviral Drugs General Considerations for All HSV Types . Drug therapy for HSV depends on the site of the infection and whether the attack is primary or recurrent. The best class of drugs developed to date against herpes simplex are called nucleosides and nucleotide analogues, which are able to block viral reproduction. Acyclovir (Zovirax) is the standard drug for treating many HSV infections. It penetrates most body tissues, including cerebrospinal fluid but has little or no harmful effect on healthy cells. Although most effective against an active infection, acyclovir may also reduce the frequency of shedding. It is not known if limiting shedding will also prevent transmission of the virus, so the use of condoms during asymptomatic periods is still essential, even when patients are taking acyclovir. Acyclovir is available in a number of forms, including oral, injected, and topical. The form used depends on site and location of the infection. The primary downside of oral administration is the need for multiple doses. Higher doses with less frequent preparations may help reduce this problem. Possible side effects from acyclovir include nausea and vomiting, rash, headache, fatigue, tremor, and very rarely, seizures. Intravenous administration increases the risk for kidney problems and blood clots at the injection site. The topical ointment version is the least effective and may cause some pain, mostly because of other chemicals used in the preparation of the ointment. Similar drugs showing great promise include famciclovir (Famvir), valaciclovir (Valtrex), and penciclovir (Denavir), which are metabolized by the body into acyclovir. These drugs are as effective and safe as acyclovir, but they have the advantage of better absorption and slower metabolism, so fewer doses are required each day. An animal study indicated that famciclovir may be the most effective of these new agents, although comparison studies with acyclovir have shown no differences in healing or relief of symptoms in patient groups. A gel containing another new drug, cidofovir, may be a safe and effective treatment in AIDS patients whose condition is resistant to acyclovir. No drug, to date, can actually cure herpes simplex virus. The infection may recur after treatment has been stopped, and during therapy, a patient can still transmit the virus to another person. As with antibiotics, physicians are concerned about signs of increasing viral resistance to acyclovir and similar drugs, particularly in immunocompromised patients (such as those with AIDS). Some experts believe, however, that the prevalence of drug-resistant viruses would be low for many years, and making such treatments more widespread would prevent many cases of herpes from developing in the first place. Foscarnet Foscarnet (Foscavir) is a powerful anti-viral agent known as a pyrophophate analogue, and is the first choice for treatment for HSV strains that have become resistant to acyclovir and similar drugs. Administered intravenously, the drug can have toxic effects and impair kidney function (which is reversible) and cause seizures. Fever, nausea, and vomiting are common side effects. It can also cause ulcers on genital organs. As with other drugs, it does not cure herpes. Other Drugs Being Used for HSV Brivudin (also referred to as BVDU) and sorivudine (BVaraU ) are nucleoside analogues being tested for varicella zoster virus (the cause of shingles). They may also be very effective for HSV, although reports of lethal interactions between sorivudine and the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) make approval in the US problematic. Cidofovir and adefovir are proving to be active against many viruses and may be useful for HSV. In one study, intravenous cidofovir was effective against herpes virus strains that had become resistant to both acyclovir and foscarnet. Vaccines Developing vaccines against herpes virus or drugs that boost the immune system currently offers the best hope for preventing the disease. Of interest is the use of certain mutated strains of herpes virus that cannot replicate. While they are safe for the patient, they still can provoke an immune response against the active virus. In one study, a vaccine using an inactivated herpes virus helped to significantly reduce recurrence of ocular herpes. Researchers are also investigating DNA vaccines that use genetic fragments of the virus to trigger an immune response to the actual virus. WHAT ARE THE TREATMENT APPROACHES TO SPECIFIC HERPES SIMPLEX TYPES? Treatment of Oral Herpes Acyclovir is often taken orally for a severe primary attack of HSV-1 and may even be beneficial for children. Taken preventively, it reduces frequency and severity of recurring infections. Acyclovir ointment does not appear to be useful at all in HSV-1. The first antiviral cream to be approved for cold sores, penciclovir (Denavir) heals HSV-1 sores an average of one day faster than without treatment, stops viral shedding, and reduces the duration of the pain. The patient should apply the cream within the first hour of symptoms, and for four consecutive days it should be reapplied every two hours during times awake. In one study, a cream using foscarnet (Foscavir) reduced the size and hastened healing of sunlight-triggered HSV-1. In another, a cream containing a new anti-HSV drug, n-docosanol (Lidakol), reduced the duration and severity of symptoms. Ascoxal, a solution that combines ascorbic acid (vitamin C) with substances that fight the symptoms of HSV-1, is showing promise in the fight against oral herpes. On the first day only, patients soaked a cotton pad in the drug and pressed it on the sores using three soaks applied for two minutes each every 30 minutes. Even this brief treatment resulted in less intense symptoms and a quicker resolution of the scab. Researchers strongly recommended testing a more intensive regimen. Interferon is also being tested for HSV-1. One study found that an ointment using a combination of caffeine and interferon improved healing time for HSV-1 sores compared to interferon alone. Treatment of Genital Herpes Treatment for Primary Attacks. Acyclovir is usually administered orally for genital HSV. Ointments are available for a primary attack but are not as effective as the oral form and have no benefit for recurring infection. There is no additional benefit derived from the simultaneous use of both types. Oral acyclovir may be prescribed for seven to 10 days during primary infections; benefit occurs within one to three days if the drug is started promptly. When taken early enough, acyclovir reduces the duration of the infection, its pain, and new lesion formation, and also reduces viral shedding. The newer drugs are also effective. In one study, patients who took 500 mg of the oral form of valaciclovir twice daily for five days experienced faster resolution of pain, a shorter shedding stage, and less severe lesions than those who did not take the drug. Another study reported that a three-day course of valaciclovir might be equally effective. Treatment for Recurrence . Most recurrent infections are mild enough so that treatment is not needed. When it does, acyclovir, famciclovir, or valacylovir are all useful. Some patients may take intermittent, short-term preventive ( prophylactic) therapy of acyclovir or famciclovir during periods when outbreaks are likely. Daily long-term preventive therapy, called suppressive therapy, may be appropriate in certain patients to prevent severe long-lasting recurrences and to reduce the risk for transmitting the virus. In such cases, suppressive therapy may be prescribed for up to a year or even longer. In one study, patients who started treatment with an average annual recurrence rate of 13% experienced only an 0.6% recurrence rate after 10 years on suppressive study. Side effects did not differ significantly from patients taking a placebo (sugar pill). In other studies, suppressive therapy using acyclovir has reduced the frequency of recurrence in 80% of patients and prevented recurrence altogether in up to 30%. Suppressive therapy using famciclovir and valaciclovir are also showing promise. In one study of famciclovir, after a year, up to 80% of patients had no recurrences. Other studies have reported that suppressive therapy using famciclovir was effective in reducing recurrence, even in people who were HIV-positive. If an infection occurs during suppressive therapy, healing time is quicker and symptoms are less severe. Suppressive therapy may also reduce the risk for development of drug-resistant viruses compared to intermittent treatments. In general, people stop taking suppressive therapy after about two years. Experts warn, however, that unless suppressive therapy becomes widespread and prolonged, transmission of the virus will remain a major health problem and the prevalence of HSV-2 infection will not significantly decrease. Treatment of HSV Encephalitis Intravenous acyclovir is the treatment of choice for encephalitis and should be started immediately if this complication is suspected. It must be administered for at least 10 days. Treatment of Eye Infections Ocular HSV should be treated carefully since certain treatments may aggravate the condition. At this time, the drug of choice for this condition is trifluridine (Viroptic), which is applied topically and helps prevent stromal keratitis, the severe condition that can lead to corneal destruction and blindness. Major adverse reactions include burning or stinging, swelling, and deterioration of the cornea. Cidofovir may be as effective as trifluridine in preventing this condition. Neither drug, however, has any effect once stromal keratitis develops. Acyclovir ointment helps resolve HSV ocular infections within five to nine days. Taking long-term oral acyclovir after an initial episode of ocular HSV also may reduce recurrences of this difficult condition. Other acyclovir-like drugs should be tested for preventing recurrence of ocular HSV. A combination of an acyclovir ointment with a topical steroid may effective for severe forms of ocular herpes, including stromal keratitis. (Acyclovir alone was not useful for these severe conditions.) In addition to medications, patients with ocular HSV may require debridement, in which the surgeon scrapes away the injured tissue with a cotton swab. A patch or soft contact lens may be worn afterward. Patients with HSV who show scarring in the cornea may require surgery. In rare cases, a corneal transplant may be necessary. Treatment Approaches for Specific Individuals Treatment of the Pregnant HSV Patient. The approach to a pregnant woman who has been infected by either HSV-1 or 2 in the genital area is usually determined by when the infection was acquired and the mother’s condition around the time of delivery. The infection occuring before time of delivery appears to pose no risk to the newborn. The most dangerous time for infection is in the last term. Lesions that erupt shortly before the baby is due require that the mother be cultured at three- to five-day intervals prior to delivery to ascertain whether viral shedding is occurring. If lesions are present at birth, Cesarean section is usually recommended. If no lesions are present and cultures indicate no viral shedding, the delivery is normal and the newborn is examined and cultured after delivery. Systemic (oral or injected) use of acyclovir is generally not used during pregnancy for either primary infection or to suppress recurrences unless the HSV infection is life threatening. One study found, however, that women who had their first episode of HSV-2 during pregnancy and were given acyclovir did not require cesarean section and the drug did not harm the fetus. Another study suggests that giving preventive oral acyclovir in late pregnancy to any woman with a history of recurrent genital herpes is more cost-effective than the current strategy of cesarean sections for all women who develop genital herpes at the time of delivery. Treatment of Newborns. Intravenous acyclovir treatment should begin immediately if neonatal HSV is suspected, since the potential dangers of the condition far outweigh any risks associated with the drug. If the central nervous system is affected, treatment should be for 21 days; otherwise it is given for 10 to 14 days. Vidarabine (Vira-A) is sometimes used as an alternative to acyclovir, but it is much less effective and should be used only if the baby is resistant to acyclovir. For infants where the virus is limited to the skin, eyes, and mouth, a six-month trial of oral acyclovir limited the recurrence of symptoms in these areas. Experts are concerned, however, that this treatment will not prevent neurologic problems; more studies are needed. Treatment of Immunosuppressed Patients. For patients with damaged or suppressed immune systems, oral acyclovir is used for primary and recurrent infections at higher doses than in patients with healthy immune systems. Intravenous acyclovir is used for serious or disseminated infections and for infections of the central nervous system. Resistant strains of the virus are being seen in immunosuppressed patients, and some experts are recommending continuous infusion of acyclovir instead of intermittent therapy for these patients. Alternative drugs are vidarabine (Vira-A), available only in intravenous form, and foscarnet (Foscavir) in ointment or intravenous forms. Foscarnet has been found to be superior to vidarabine for primary infection but was totally ineffective for recurrences at the same site. WHERE CAN HELP BE FOUND FOR HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS? The American Social Health Association (ASHA), Herpes Resource Center, PO Box 13827, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. For the National Herpes Hotline call (919-361-8488) to speak to a counselor and call (800-230-6039) to order information. Or on the Internet (http://www.ashastd.org/herpes/hrc.html). The organization provides up-to-date practical information, publishes a newsletter, and coordinates self-help groups across the country. National Women’s Health Network, 514 10th St. NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20004. Call (202-347-1140) Excellent organization on many conditions affecting women. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333. Call (404 639-2709) or on the Internet (http://www.cdc.gov/) On the Internet British Herpes Management Forum (http://www.ihmf.org/) Australian Herpes Management Forum (http://herpes.on.net) Lists foods high in lysine and low in arginine (http://www.herpes.com/Nutrition.shtml) ABOUT WELL-CONNECTED Well-Connected reports are written and updated by experienced medical writers and reviewed and edited by the in-house editors and a board of physicians at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital. The reports are distinguished from other information sources available to patients and health care consumers by their quality, detail of information and currency. These reports are not intended as a substitute for medical professional help or advice but are to be used only as an aid in understanding current medical knowledge. physician should always be consulted for any health problem or medical condition. 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Stern, MD, Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Psychiatrist and Chief, Psychiatric Consultation Service, Massachusetts General Hospital Carol Peckham, Editorial Director Cynthia Chevins, Publisher 1999 Nidus Information Services, Inc., 41 East 11th Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10003 or call 1-800-334-WELL (9355) or postmaster@well-connected.com or on the Internet at www.well-connected.com. UC Davis Health System is pleased to provide this information for general purposes only. It should not be considered as a substitute for professional medical advice. Only your health-care provider should diagnose and provide treatment for health-related conditions. Reproduction of this material is hereby granted for personal, educational or non-commerical use only. Any commercial reproduction must be approved by the UC Regents. Wellness Center | Search UC Davis Health System | 2000 UC Regents. 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Herpes simplex – tipovi, simptomi i liječenje Herpes simplex virusna infekcija (HSV) zarazna je bolest koja je karakterizirana lokaliziranim izbijanjem malih, bolnih mjehurića ispunjenih bistrom tekućinom. Ova infekcija najčešće ima dvije faze: Primarnu fazu, kada dolazi do prve infekcije, koja može proći nezamijećeno, ali i uzrokovati bolne čireve u ustima, osjetljivost vratnih žlijezda, a kod djece i vrućicu. Nakon infekcije virus se smješta u živčane ganglije, gdje može ostati pritajen više mjeseci ili čak godina. Sekundarnu fazu, koja uključuje pojavu recidiva odnosno ponovnog izbijanja simptoma, pri čemu uslijed širenja virusa bolest može izbiti i na više mjesta. Tipovi herpes simplex virusa Postoje dva osnovna tipa ovog virusa: herpes simplex tip 1 i herpes simplex tip 2, koji uzrokuju različite kliničke simptome, ovisno o mjestu ulaska u organizam. Pri tome je potrebno napomenuti kako oba tipa mogu inficirati područje spolnog trakta ili sluznice usta, a isto tako, osoba može biti zaražena s oba tipa virusa istodobno. Herpes simplex tip 1 Herpes simplex tip 1 najčešće uzrokuje labijalni herpes u području usta, nosa i lica, a u malom broju slučajeva može uzrokovati i genitalni herpes. Primarna HSV-1 infekcija može proći bez simptoma i obično se događa u ranom djetinjstvu. Kod onih infekcija koje se očituju simptomima mogu se javiti: - Bolni mjehurići i čirevi u ustima i ždrijelu - Uvećanje i osjetljivost vratnih žlijezda - Natečenost - Crvenilo Primarna infekcija obično ima najizraženije simptome. Kad osoba prvi put dođe u dodir s virusom, njen imunološki sustav nije imao vremena razviti zaštitna antitijela, što znači da se virus može naglo razmnožavati, izazivajući jake simptome. Sekundarne HSV-1 infekcije imaju većinu istih simptoma, na istim mjestima, no simptomi su uobičajeno nešto blaži te kraćeg trajanja. Najčešće se herpes aktivira ponovnom pojavom sitnih bolnih mjehurića na usnama, licu ili nekom drugom dijelu tijela, uz prethodno peckanje, a nekada i malaksalost. Ovaj tip virusa u pravilu se prenosi oralnim putem: direktnim dodirom, slinom i oralnim sekretima, za vrijeme ljubljenja ili korištenja kontaminiranog pribora za jelo. Herpes simplex tip 2 Herpes simplex tip 2 obično uzrokuje genitalni herpes. Ovaj tip virusa najčešće se prenosi spolnim putem ili tijekom porođaja s majke na dijete. U većini slučajeva javlja se kod odraslih osoba i spada u spolno prenosive bolesti. Većina ljudi s HSV-2 infekcijom neće imati nikakve vidljive simptome odmah nakon infekcije i neće ni znati da su bili u dodiru s virusom. U ovim slučajevima simptomi se mogu pojaviti mnogo kasnije. Kod ostalih, prvi simptomi genitalnog herpesa mogu se javiti u vremenskom razdoblju od dva dana, pa do tri tjedna nakon infekcije virusom. U slučaju vrlo jakog prvog pojavljivanja infekcije, kod odraslih osoba postoji mogućnost pojave sljedećih simptoma: - Natečenost limfnih čvorova - Bolovi u mišićima i donjem dijelu trbuha - Povišena tjelesna temperatura - Opća slabost, umor, glavobolja i groznica - Natečenost, bolovi ili svrbež oko genitalija - Crvene mrlje koje se mogu pretvoriti u mjehuriće, a potom u otvorene rane ili čireve - Bolno mokrenje zbog osjetljivosti genitalnog područja. - Vaginalni iscjedak Simptomi obično prestaju nakon 2 do 4 tjedna i ne stvaraju dugotrajna oštećenja. Sekundarne HSV-2 infekcije imaju većinu istih simptoma, no oni su (isto kao i kod HSV-1 infekcija) nešto blaži te kraćeg trajanja. Simptomi HSV-2 infekcije koji mogu biti prisutni kod novorođenčeta inficiranog tijekom porođaja su: - Povišena tjelesna temperatura - Nervoza - Mrlje na koži - Iscjedak iz oka - Osjetljivost na svjetlo - Žutica - Bljedilo - Kašalj - Ubrzano disanje - Povećana slezena - Drhtanje Dijagnoza i liječenje herpes simplex virusa Dijagnoza herpes simplex infekcija utvrđuje se na temelju kliničke slike, a potvrđuje se laboratorijskim nalazima, koji ovise o proširenosti i eventualnim komplikacijama, a uključuju citološke i serološke pretrage te elektronsku mikroskopiju Herpes infekcije ne mogu se trajno izliječiti, no antivirusnim lijekovima i analgeticima mogu se ublažiti simptomi, ubrzati zacjeljivanje ranica i smanjiti učestalost recidivirajućih infekcija. Također, jačanje imuniteta pomaže u prevenciji i liječenju herpesa. >> pročitajte više o jačanju imuniteta Saznajte više o imunitetu u sljedećim tekstovima: - Beta glukan za imunitet na kvadrat - Kako ojačati imunitet? - Jačanje imuniteta kod djece u deset koraka - Vodič za podizanje imuniteta prirodnim putem - Prehrana za jačanje imuniteta - Matična mliječ – ljekovita svojstva i upotreba - Što jesti kada ste prehlađeni? - Kako spriječiti prehladu i gripu? - Deset prirodnih antibiotika - Đumbir, med i limun – recepti Herp Gel protiv Herpesa Ublažava simptome herpesa. Ulje divljeg origana - prirodni antibiotik Protiv virusa, bakterija i gljivica. 143 kn kn