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By printing and/or reading this article, you agree that you accept all terms and conditions of use, as specified online. Testicular Cancer Olympic gold medal ice skater Scott Hamilton, Tour de France bicycle champion Lance Armstrong and all-star baseball player John Kruk all have something in common. They have all successfully beaten testicular cancer. Testicular cancer is one of the most curable cancers, according to the American Cancer Society (ACS) with a five year survival rate of over 90 percent. Even those with the most serious form of the disease have a 75 percent survival rate. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) calls cancer of the testicles the most common cancer in men 15 to 35 years old. One of the major risk factors for testicular cancer is undescended testicle or cryptorchidism. (Read about "Genitourinary Birth Defects") A man with this condition has a three to 17 times higher risk. This cancer is also four to five times more common in white males than other ethnic groups, according to NCI. Family history (Read about "Family Health History") of the disease also raises your risk. (Read about "Cancer Risk") Most of the time men discover testicular cancer themselves when they notice a change. If a man does notice changes, he should consult his doctor right away. Early discovery means treatment can be less aggressive with fewer side effects. Here's what NCI says to look for: - a painless lump or swelling in either testicle - an enlargement of a testicle or change in the way it feels - a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum - a dull ache in the lower abdomen or the groin - a sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum - pain or discomfort in either the testicle or the scrotum These symptoms don't always mean cancer, as there are a number of non-cancerous conditions that can cause swelling of the testicles and/or scrotum. (Read about "Swollen Testicles and Scrotum") Even so, if you do notice swelling or other changes, you should see your doctor. The American Medical Association says that by examining their testicles carefully once a month for any suspicious changes, men can greatly increase the chances of finding testicular cancer early. ACS says that for men with normal risk factors, simply staying alert to any testicular changes is sufficient; but if you have risk factors, ACS suggests you discuss the issue of regularly scheduled monthly self-exams with your doctor. (Read about "Cancer Check-ups") Once cancer of the testicle has been found, more tests will be done to find out if the cancer has spread from the testicle to other parts of the body (staging). A doctor needs to know the stage of the disease to plan treatment. The following stages are used for cancer of the testicle, according to NCI: Stage I Cancer is found only in the testicle. Stage II Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes in the abdomen (lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that are found throughout the body; they produce and store infection-fighting cells). (Read about "The Lymph System") Stage III Cancer has spread beyond the lymph nodes in the abdomen. There may be cancer in parts of the body far away from the testicles, such as the lungs and liver. Treatments for testicular cancer include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. The chosen treatment depends on the exact type of the cancer, how far it has spread and other factors such as age and general health. - Surgery involves the removal of the testicle that is diseased. If only one testicle is removed, it does not impact the man's fertility or potency. If some of the lymph nodes in the abdomen are diseased and need to be removed, there are other side effects that need to be discussed with your doctor. There are prostheses that can be implanted to replace the removed testicle if there is concern about appearance. - Radiation is a local therapy used often to treat the cancer in the lymph nodes of the abdomen, according to NCI. Side effects include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea and infertility. (Read about "Infertility") - Chemotherapy is used when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. Side effects include nausea, temporary hair loss, mouth sores and fatigue, according to ACS. (Read about chemo, radiation and other cancer therapies in "Cancer Treatments") A man who has had testicular cancer has an increased risk of getting it in the other testicle and of getting other types of cancers. It is therefore imperative that you stay in touch with your doctor, continue to monitor yourself and get regular physical exams. More Cancer Information: Penile Cancer Prostate Cancer Cancer Check-ups Cancer Support Cancer Treatments Reduce Cancer Risks Cancer Glossary For a list of individual types of cancer, see Cancer: What It Is Related Information: Genital Health - Male Endocrine System All Concept Communications material is provided for information only and is neither advice nor a substitute for proper medical care. Consult a qualified healthcare professional who understands your particular history for individual concerns. © Concept Communications Media Group LLC By printing and/or reading this article, you agree that you accept all terms and conditions of use, as specified online.
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Kako si pregledati testise? Znači da je krajnje vrijeme da s time počnete. Pregledi testisa su nužni za rano otkrivanje raka testisa. Pročitajte kako to učiniti! Pridružite nam se i na Facebooku! Tumor na testisima Svake godine u razvijenim državama ponovo se otkrije 3 do 6 novih oboljelih s rakom na testisima na 100.000 muškaraca. Broj novo otkrivenih bolesnika svake godine raste. Ako ste u djetinjstvu imali nepotpuno spuštene testise (kriptorhizam) ili preponsku kilu, imate od 5 – 20 posto veću mogućnost da obolite od raka testisa. Ostaje još i više čimbenika rizika, iako se njihov utjecaj još uvijek proučava. Obiteljske bolesti, preuranjeni pubertet, starost majke pri porodu, teškoće pri porođaju, pušenje majke tijekom trudnoće i razna zračenja. Rak testisa najprije otkrivamo kao maleno otvrdnuće ili kvržicu koju možemo napipati pri pregledu. Nije svaka kvržica rak, i zato bez panike odmah posjetite liječnika. Prije svega obratite pažnju na sljedeće simptome: - svako postupno ili naglo povećanje ili smanjenje jednog testisa, - bolno ili bezbolno otvrdnuće odnosno oteklina u kojem god predjelu testisa, - osjećaj težine u testisu, - neuobičajena osjetljivost u testisu, preponskom predjelu i donjem dijelu trbuha, - bol u trbuhu ili leđima - pritisak povećanih limfnih čvorova na mokraćni mjehur (može uzrokovati i simptome bolesnog bubrega), - ginekomastija (povećane, bolne grudi), pri hormonski aktivnim tumorima na testisima. Pregled testisa Preporučamo da se pregledavate jednom mjesečno, na isti dan i u približno isto vrijeme. Testisi moraju biti opušteni, pa izaberite topao prostor, a pregled je najbolje obaviti nakon tuširanja ili kupanja. Uvijek pregledavajte samo jedan testis odjednom, a susjedni vam može služiti za usporedbu. Najprije morate dobro poznavati strukturu svojih testisa, gdje se nalaze žile, epididimis i sjemenovod. Tako ćete lakše prepoznati sve promjene. Postupak samopregleda testisa: - Primite testis u oba dlana tako da su palac i ostali prsti obje ruke ravni da biste mogli opipati testise. - Pregledajte svaki testis posebno. Pregledavajte nježno sljedećim redom: Najprije pregledajte epididimis. Osjetite mekano i na dodir lagano osjetljivo tkivo iznad testisa. Zatimo potražite sjemenovod, koji počinje od epididimisa i pruža se po testisu u mokraćni kanal. Osjetite ga kao tvrdu, čvrstu i glatku cijev. Konačno pregledajte još sam testis. Mora biti gladak bez oteklina i otvrdnuća. Otvrdnuće ili oteklina se najčešće javljaju na prednjoj strani testisa. Ponekad se na površini može napipati otvrdnuće veličine zrna prosa, što nije simptom bolesti. Sumljivo je samo svako otvrdnuće u dubini samog testisa, bez obzira na veličinu ili položaj. Oba testisa pregledajte jednakim postupkom. Mogućnosti liječenja raka testisa Liječenje raka testisa je jedno od najuspješnijih, sa gotovo 90 posto izliječenih bolesnika. Kada se postavi dijagnoza, počinje primjereno liječenje. Većinom je to kirurški zahvat, pri kojemu se odstranjuje cijeli testis. Dodatno liječenje je klasičan oblik kemoterapije. Obzirom da se slučaj raka testisa lako ponavlja, treba pregledavati testis i ako vam ostane samo jedan. Često se rak testisa preseli i na druge dijelove tijela, i zato je od izuzetne važnosti da pregledavate testise i rak otkrijete na vrijeme. Liječenje ostalih oblika raka naime niti izdaleka nije tako uspješno. Neka vas ne bude strah posjeta liječniku, uostalom radi se o vašem životu i vašem potomstvu. Baš sve o seksu - klik na Enciklopediju seksualnosti!