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CHAPTER FOUR Who Is Jesus Christ? What is Jesus’ special role? Where did he come from? What kind of person was he? (a) Why does knowing about someone famous not mean that you truly know him? (b) What confusion is there about Jesus? THERE are many famous people in the world. Some are well-known in their own community, city, or country. Others are known worldwide. However, just knowing the name of someone famous does not mean that you truly know him. It does not mean that you know details about his background and what he is really like as a person. 2 People around the world have heard something about Jesus Christ, even though he lived on earth some 2,000 years ago. Yet, many are confused about who Jesus really was. Some say that he was merely a good man. Others claim that he was nothing more than a prophet. Still others believe that Jesus is God and should be worshiped. Should he? Why is it important for you to know the truth about Jesus? 3 It is important for you to know the truth about Jesus. Why? Because the Bible says: “This means everlasting life, their taking in knowledge of you, the only true God, and of the one whom you sent forth, Jesus Christ.” (John 17:3) Yes, knowing the truth about Jehovah God and about Jesus Christ can lead to everlasting life on a paradise earth. (John 14:6) Furthermore, Jesus sets the best example of how to live and how to treat others. (John 13:34, 35) In the first chapter of this book, we discussed the truth about God. Now let us consider what the Bible really teaches about Jesus Christ. THE PROMISED MESSIAH What do the titles “Messiah” and “Christ” mean? 4 Long before Jesus was born, the Bible foretold the coming of the one whom God would send as the Messiah, or Christ. The titles “Messiah” (from a Hebrew word) and “Christ” (from a Greek word) both mean “Anointed One.” This promised One would be anointed, that is, appointed by God to a special position. In later chapters of this book, we will learn more about the Messiah’s important place in the fulfillment of God’s promises. We will also learn about the blessings that Jesus can bring us even now. Before Jesus was born, however, many no doubt wondered, ‘Who will prove to be the Messiah?’ Of what were the disciples of Jesus fully convinced regarding him? 5 In the first century C.E., the disciples of Jesus of Nazareth were fully convinced that he was the foretold Messiah. (John 1:41) One of the disciples, a man named Simon Peter, openly said to Jesus: “You are the Christ.” (Matthew 16:16) How, though, could those disciples Illustrate how Jehovah has helped faithful ones to identify the Messiah. 6 The prophets of God who lived before Jesus foretold many details about the Messiah. These details would help others to identify him. We might illustrate things this way: Suppose you were asked to go to a busy bus depot or a train station or an airport to pick up someone you had never met before. Would it not help if someone gave you a few details about him? Similarly, by means of the Bible prophets, Jehovah gave a rather detailed description of what the Messiah would do and what he would experience. The fulfillment of these many prophecies would help faithful ones to identify him clearly. What are two of the prophecies that were fulfilled in connection with Jesus? 7 Consider just two examples. First, over 700 years in advance, the prophet Micah foretold that the promised One would be born in Bethlehem, a small town in the land of Judah. (Micah 5:2) Where was Jesus actually born? Why, in that very town! (Matthew 2:1, 3-9) Second, many centuries in advance, the prophecy recorded at Daniel 9:25 pointed to the very year when the Messiah was to appear What proof that Jesus was the Messiah became clear at his baptism? 8 Further proof that Jesus was the Messiah became clear near the end of 29 C.E. That is the year when Jesus went to John the Baptizer to be baptized in the Jordan River. Jehovah had promised John a sign so that he could identify the Messiah. John saw that sign at Jesus’ baptism. The Bible says that this is what happened: “After being baptized Jesus immediately came up from the water; and, look! the heavens were opened up, and he saw descending like a dove God’s spirit coming upon him. Look! Also, there was a voice from the heavens that said: ‘This is my Son, the beloved, whom I have approved.’” (Matthew 3:16, 17) After seeing and hearing what happened, John had no doubt that Jesus was sent by God. (John 1:32-34) At the moment when God’s spirit, or active force, was poured out upon him that day, Jesus became the Messiah, or Christ, the one appointed to be Leader and King. 9 The fulfillment of Bible prophecy and Jehovah God’s own testimony plainly show that Jesus was the promised Messiah. But the Bible answers two other important questions about Jesus Christ: Where did he come from, and what kind of person was he? WHERE DID JESUS COME FROM? What does the Bible teach about Jesus’ existence before he came to earth? 10 The Bible teaches that Jesus lived in heaven before he came to earth. Micah prophesied that the Messiah would be born in Bethlehem and also said that His origin was “from early times.” (Micah 5:2) On many occasions, Jesus himself said that he lived in heaven before being born as a human. (John 3:13; 6:38, 62; 17:4, 5) As a spirit creature in heaven, Jesus had a special relationship with Jehovah. How does the Bible show that Jesus is Jehovah’s most precious Son? 11 Jesus is Jehovah’s most precious Son How do we know that the firstborn Son is not equal to God? 12 Is the firstborn Son equal to God, as some believe? That is not what the Bible teaches. As we noted in the preceding paragraph, the Son was created. Obviously, then, he had a beginning, whereas Jehovah God has no beginning or end. (Psalm 90:2) The only-begotten Son never even considered trying to be equal to his Father. The Bible clearly teaches that the Father is greater than the Son. (John 14:28; 1 Corinthians 11:3) Jehovah alone is “God Almighty.” (Genesis 17:1) Therefore, he has no equal. What does the Bible mean when it refers to the Son as “the image of the invisible God”? 13 Jehovah and his firstborn Son enjoyed close association for billions of years How did Jehovah’s only-begotten Son come to be born as a human? 14 Jehovah’s only-begotten Son willingly left heaven and came down to earth to live as a human. But you may wonder, ‘How was it possible for a spirit creature to be born as a human?’ To accomplish this, Jehovah performed a miracle. He transferred the life of his firstborn Son from heaven to the womb of a Jewish virgin named Mary. No human father was involved. Mary thus gave birth to a perfect son and named him Jesus. WHAT KIND OF PERSON WAS JESUS? Why can we say that through Jesus we come to know Jehovah better? 15 What Jesus said and did while on earth helps us to get to know him well. More than that, through Jesus we come to know Jehovah better. Why is this the case? Recall that this Son is a perfect reflection of his Father. That is why Jesus told one of his disciples: “He that has seen me has seen the Father also.” (John 14:9) The four Bible books known as the Gospels What was Jesus’ primary message, and where did his teachings come from? 16 Jesus was well-known as “Teacher.” (John 1:38; 13:13) What did he teach? Primarily, his message was “the good news of the kingdom” Where did Jesus do his teaching, and why did he go to great lengths to teach others? 17 Where did Jesus do his teaching? Everywhere he found people What qualities of Jesus do you find most appealing? 18 Jesus was a man of tender warmth and deep feelings. Others thus found him to be approachable and kind. Even children felt at ease with him. (Mark 10:13-16) Jesus was impartial. He hated corruption and injustice. (Matthew 21:12, 13) At a time when women received little respect and had few privileges, he treated them with dignity. (John 4:9, 27) Jesus was genuinely humble. On one occasion, he washed the feet of his apostles, a service usually performed by a lowly servant. What example shows that Jesus was sensitive to the needs of others? 19 Jesus was sensitive to the needs of others. This was especially evident when, under the power of God’s spirit, he performed miracles of healing. (Matthew 14:14) For example, a man with leprosy came to Jesus and said: “If you just want to, you can make me clean.” Jesus personally felt this man’s pain and suffering. Moved with pity, Jesus stretched out his hand and touched the man, saying: “I want to. Be made clean.” And the sick man was healed! (Mark 1:40-42) Can you imagine how that man must have felt? FAITHFUL TO THE END How did Jesus set an example of loyal obedience to God? 20 Jesus set the finest example of loyal obedience to God. He remained faithful to his heavenly Father under all kinds of circumstances and despite all types of opposition and suffering. Jesus firmly and successfully resisted Satan’s temptations. (Matthew 4:1-11) At one time, some of Jesus’ own relatives did not put faith in him, even saying that he was “out of his mind.” (Mark 3:21) But Jesus did not let them influence him; he kept right on doing God’s work. Despite insults and abuse, Jesus maintained self-control, never trying to harm his opposers. 21 Jesus remained faithful until death What did Jesus accomplish by remaining faithful until death? 22 What did Jesus accomplish by remaining faithful until death? Jesus’ death actually opens to us the opportunity for eternal life on a paradise earth, in harmony with Jehovah’s original purpose. How Jesus’ death makes that possible will be discussed in the next chapter. ^ par. 7 For an explanation of Daniel’s prophecy fulfilled in connection with Jesus, see the Appendix, pages 197-9. ^ par. 11 Jehovah is called a Father because he is the Creator. (Isaiah 64:8) Since Jesus was created by God, he is called God’s Son. For similar reasons, other spirit creatures and even the man Adam are called sons of God. ^ par. 12 For further proof that the firstborn Son is not equal to God, see the Appendix, pages 201-4.
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ČETVRTO POGLAVLJE Ko je Isus Hrist? Koja je Isusova posebna uloga? Odakle je došao? Kakav je bio kao osoba? U SVETU ima mnogo slavnih ljudi. Neki su dobro poznati u okolini, gradu ili zemlji gde žive. Drugi su poznati u celom svetu. Međutim, to što znaš ime neke slavne ličnosti ne znači da je stvarno i poznaješ. To ne znači da znaš detalje o njenom poreklu i o tome kakva je ona kao osoba. 2 Iako je Isus Hrist živeo na zemlji pre oko 2 000 godina, skoro svi ljudi su čuli nešto o njemu. Pa ipak, mnogima nije jasno ko je zapravo bio Isus. Neki kažu da je on bio samo jedan dobar čovek. Drugi tvrde da nije bio ništa više do prorok. Neki pak veruju da je Isus Bog i da ga treba obožavati. Da li je to tačno? 3 Važno je da znaš istinu o Isusu. Zašto? Zato što Biblija kaže: "Da bi dobili večni život, treba da dobro upoznaju tebe, jedinog istinitog Boga, i onoga koga si poslao, Isusa Hrista“ (Jovan 17:3). Da, poznavanje istine o Jehovi Bogu i Isusu Hristu može voditi do večnog života na rajskoj zemlji (Jovan 14:6). Štaviše, Isus pruža najbolji primer kako treba živeti i ophoditi se prema drugima (Jovan 13:34, 35). U 1. poglavlju ove knjige razmatrali smo istinu o Bogu. Osmotrimo sada šta Biblija zaista naučava o Isusu Hristu. OBEĆANI MESIJA 4 Davno pre nego što se Isus rodio, Biblija je prorekla da će doći neko koga će Bog poslati kao Mesiju, to jest Hrista. Titule "Mesija“ (od hebrejske reči) i "Hrist“ (od grčke reči) znače "pomazanik“. Ta prorečena osoba biće pomazana, to jest postavljena od Boga na jedan poseban položaj. U daljnjim poglavljima ove knjige saznaćemo više o važnoj ulozi koju Mesija ima u ispunjenju Božjih obećanja. Takođe ćemo saznati koje nam blagoslove Isus već sada može omogućiti. Međutim, pre nego što se Isus rodio, mnogi su se nesumnjivo pitali: ’Ko će biti Mesija?‘ 5 U prvom veku n. e., učenici Isusa Nazarećanina bili su potpuno uvereni da je on taj prorečeni Mesija (Jovan 1:41). Jedan od učenika koji se zvao Simon Petar otvoreno je rekao Isusu: "Ti si Hrist“ (Matej 16:16). Međutim, kako su ti učenici mogli — i kako mi možemo — biti sigurni da je Isus stvarno taj obećani Mesija? 6 Božji proroci koji su živeli pre Isusa prorekli su mnoge detalje o Mesiji. Ti detalji bi pomogli drugima da ga prepoznaju. To bismo mogli da prikažemo na sledeći način: Zamisli da si zamoljen da odeš po nekoga na autobusku ili železničku stanicu ili na aerodrom, ali ga pre toga nikada nisi video. Zar ti ne bi značilo ako bi ti neko pružio neke detalje o njemu? Slično tome, Jehova je preko proroka dao u Bibliji dosta detaljan opis toga šta će Mesija raditi i šta će doživeti. Ispunjenje tih brojnih proročanstava trebalo je da pomogne vernim ljudima da ga jasno prepoznaju. 7 Osmotri samo dva primera. Kao prvo, prorok Mihej je preko 700 godina unapred prorekao da će se Mesija roditi u Vitlejemu, jednom malom gradu u Judi (Mihej 5:2). Gde se Isus rodio? Upravo u tom gradu! Kao drugo, proročanstvo zabeleženo u Danilu 9:25 mnogo vekova unapred je ukazalo na godinu kada će se pojaviti Mesija — na 29. n. e.* Ispunjenje ovih i drugih proročanstava dokazuje da je Isus bio taj obećani Mesija. 8 Još jedan dokaz da je Isus bio Mesija postao je očigledan pred kraj 29. n. e. Isus je te godine otišao kod Jovana Krstitelja da se krsti u reci Jordan. Jehova je obećao Jovanu da će mu dati znak kako bi mogao da prepozna Mesiju. Prilikom Isusovog krštenja, Jovan je video taj znak. U Bibliji se opisuje šta se desilo: "Kad se krstio, Isus se odmah podigao iz vode. I gle, nebesa su se otvorila, i Jovan je video kako Božji duh silazi kao golub i dolazi na Isusa. I gle, s nebesa se čuo glas koji je rekao: ’Ovo je moj Sin, voljeni, koji je po mojoj volji‘ “ (Matej 3:16, 17). Nakon toga što je video i čuo, Jovan je bio potpuno siguran da je Isus poslat od Boga (Jovan 1:32-34). Onog trenutka kada je Božji duh, to jest sila kojom se Bog služi, bio izliven na njega, Isus je postao Mesija, to jest Hrist, osoba koja je postavljena da bude Vođa i Kralj (Isaija 55:4). 9 Ispunjenje biblijskih proročanstava i svedočanstvo samog Jehove Boga jasno pokazuju da je Isus bio obećani Mesija. Ali Biblija odgovara i na druga dva važna pitanja o Isusu Hristu: Odakle je došao i kakav je bio kao osoba? ODAKLE JE ISUS DOŠAO? U Bibliji se kaže da je Isus živeo na nebu pre nego što je došao na zemlju. Mihej, koji je prorekao da će se Mesija roditi u Vitlejemu, takođe je rekao da je Njegovo poreklo "od davnina“ (Mihej 5:2). Sam Isus je u mnogim prilikama rekao da je živeo na nebu pre nego što se rodio kao čovek (Jovan 3:13; 6:38, 62; 17:4, 5). Kao duhovno stvorenje na nebu, Isus je imao poseban odnos s Jehovom. Isus je Jehovin najdraži Sin — i to s dobrim razlogom. Za njega se kaže da je "prvorođenac svega što je stvoreno“, jer je Bog prvo njega stvorio# (Kološanima 1:15). Taj Sin je poseban zbog još nečega. On je i ’jedinorođeni Sin‘ (Jovan 3:16). To znači da je Bog jedino Isusa direktno stvorio. Isus je takođe jedini preko koga je Bog stvorio sve drugo (Kološanima 1:16). Isus se naziva i "Reč“ (Jovan 1:14). To nam pokazuje da je on govorio u ime Boga, nesumnjivo tako što je prenosio Očeve poruke i uputstva njegovim drugim sinovima, i duhovnim i ljudskim. Da li je prvorođeni Sin jednak Bogu, kako neki veruju? Biblija to ne naučava. Kao što smo videli u prethodnom odlomku, Sin je bio stvoren. Očigledno je onda da on ima početak, za razliku od Jehove Boga koji nema ni početka, ni kraja (Psalam 90:2). Jedinorođeni Sin nikada nije ni pomišljao da se izjednači sa svojim Ocem. Biblija jasno kaže da je Otac veći od Sina (Jovan 14:28; 1. Korinćanima 11:3). Samo je Jehova "Bog Svemoćni“ (Postanak 17:1). Prema tome, niko nije jednak njemu. Jehova i njegov prvorođeni Sin bili su zajedno milijardama godina — mnogo pre nego što su stvoreni svemir i Zemlja. Između njih sigurno vlada velika ljubav! Taj dragi Sin je bio isti poput svog Oca. Upravo se zato u Bibliji kaže da je Sin "slika nevidljivog Boga“ (Kološanima 1:15). Da, baš kao što ljudski sin može na mnoge načine da bude veoma sličan svom ocu, tako je i ovaj nebeski Sin odražavao osobine i ličnost svog Oca. Jehovin jedinorođeni Sin je dragovoljno napustio nebo i došao na zemlju da bi živeo kao čovek. Ali, možda se pitaš: ’Kako je bilo moguće da se neko duhovno stvorenje rodi kao čovek?‘ Da bi to postigao, Jehova je učinio jedno čudo. Preneo je život svog jedinorođenog Sina s neba u matericu jevrejske device koja se zvala Marija. Tu nijedan muškarac nije imao ulogu zemaljskog oca. Tako je Marija rodila savršenog sina i dala mu ime Isus (Luka 1:30-35). KAKAV JE ISUS BIO KAO OSOBA? Ono što je Isus govorio i radio dok je bio na zemlji pomaže nam da ga dobro upoznamo. I ne samo to, mi preko Isusa bolje upoznajemo Jehovu. Kako? Seti se da je taj Sin savršeno odražavao ličnost svog Oca. Zato je Isus jednom od svojih učenika i rekao: "Ko je video mene, video je i Oca“ (Jovan 14:9). Četiri biblijske knjige koje su poznate kao Jevanđelja — po Mateju, Marku, Luki i Jovanu — govore nam puno o životu, aktivnostima i osobinama Isusa Hrista. Isus je bio poznat kao "Učitelj“ (Jovan 1:38; 13:13). Čemu je on poučavao? Pre svega, prenosio je "dobru vest o kraljevstvu“ — to jest Božjem Kraljevstvu, nebeskoj vladavini koja će vladati nad celom zemljom i doneti beskrajne blagoslove poslušnim ljudima (Matej 4:23). Čija je to bila poruka? Sam Isus je rekao: "Ono što naučavam nije moje, nego potiče od onoga koji me je poslao“, naime, od Jehove (Jovan 7:16). Isus je znao da njegov Otac želi da ljudi čuju dobru vest o Kraljevstvu. U 8. poglavlju ćemo saznati više o Božjem Kraljevstvu i o tome šta će ono učiniti. Gde je Isus poučavao ljude? Svuda gde ih je bilo — na otvorenom, kao i u gradovima, selima, na trgovima i u njihovim kućama. Isus nije očekivao da ljudi dođu njemu. On je išao kod njih (Marko 6:56; Luka 19:5, 6). Zašto se Isus toliko zalagao i proveo toliko vremena u propovedanju i poučavanju? Zato što je Bog tako želeo. Isus je uvek vršio volju svog Oca (Jovan 8:28, 29). Ali, on je propovedao iz još jednog razloga. On je saosećao s ljudima koji su dolazili k njemu (Matej 9:35, 36). Njih su zapostavile verske vođe čija je dužnost bila da ih uče istini o Bogu i o njegovim namerama. Isus je znao koliko će tim ljudima značiti da čuju poruku o Kraljevstvu. Isus je bio srdačan čovek dubokih emocija. Zbog toga su drugi zaključili da je pristupačan i blag. Čak su i deca bila slobodna pred njim (Marko 10:13-16). Isus je bio nepristran. Mrzeo je korupciju i nepravdu (Matej 21:12, 13). U vreme kada su se žene malo poštovale i kada nisu imale skoro nikakva prava, on se prema njima ophodio s dostojanstvom (Jovan 4:9, 27). Isus je stvarno bio ponizan. Jednom prilikom je oprao noge apostolima, što su obično radile sluge. Isus nije bio ravnodušan prema potrebama drugih. To je bilo posebno očigledno kada je, uz pomoć sile Božjeg duha, vršio čudesna izlečenja (Matej 14:14). Na primer, jednom mu je prišao čovek koji je imao gubu i rekao: "Ako hoćeš, možeš me očistiti.“ Isus je osetio bol i patnju tog čoveka. Sažalivši se, ispružio je ruku i dotakao ga, govoreći: "Hoću. Očisti se.“ Taj bolestan čovek je ozdravio! Možeš li da zamisliš kako se osećao? VERAN DO KRAJA Isus je dao najbolji primer lojalne poslušnosti Bogu. Ostao je veran svom nebeskom Ocu pod svim okolnostima i uprkos svim protivljenjima i patnjama. Isus se čvrsto i uspešno odupro Sataninim iskušenjima (Matej 4:1-11). Jedno vreme, neki Isusovi rođaci nisu verovali u njega i čak su rekli da je ’sišao s uma‘ (Marko 3:21). Ali Isus nije dozvolio da oni utiču na njega; nastavio je da izvršava Božje delo. Uprkos uvredama i zlostavljanju, sačuvao je samokontrolu, nikada ne pokušavajući da naudi svojim protivnicima (1. Isus je ostao veran do smrti — okrutne i bolne smrti od ruku svojih neprijatelja (Filipljanima 2:8). Osmotri kroz šta je sve prošao poslednjeg dana svog života na zemlji. Bio je uhapšen, lažni svedoci su ga optužili, korumpirane sudije su ga osudile, rulja mu se ismevala i vojnici su ga mučili. Pribijen na stub, pre nego što je izdahnuo, rekao je: "Svršeno je!“ (Jovan 19:30). Međutim, trećeg dana nakon što je umro, njegov nebeski Otac ga je uskrsnuo kao duhovno stvorenje (1. Petrova 3:18). Nekoliko sedmica kasnije, Isus se vratio na nebo. Tamo je "seo Bogu s desne strane“ i čekao da primi kraljevsku vlast (Jevrejima 10:12, 13). Šta je Isus postigao time što je ostao veran do smrti? Isusova smrt nam zapravo pruža mogućnost da večno živimo na rajskoj zemlji, što je i bila Jehovina prvobitna namera. Kako Isusova smrt to omogućuje biće razmotreno u sledećem poglavlju. ŠTA BIBLIJA NAUČAVA - Ispunjena proročanstva i svedočanstvo samog Boga dokazuju da je Isus Mesija, to jest Hrist (Matej 16:16) - Isus je dugo živeo na nebu kao duhovno stvorenje pre nego što je došao na zemlju (Jovan 3:13) - Isus je bio učitelj, srdačan čovek i primer savršene poslušnosti Bogu (Matej 9:35, 36) * Za objašnjenje Danilovog proročanstva koje se ispunilo na Isusu, vidi dodatak. # Za Jehovu se kaže da je Otac zato što je Stvoritelj (Isaija 64:8). Za Isusa se kaže da je Božji Sin zato što ga je Bog stvorio. Iz sličnih razloga se i za druga duhovna stvorenja, pa čak i za čoveka Adama, kaže da su Božji sinovi (Jov 1:6; Luka 3:38). % Za daljnje dokaze da prvorođeni Sin nije jednak Bogu, vidi dodatak. Pitanja (a) Zašto to što znaš za neku slavnu ličnost ne znači da je stvarno i poznaješ? (b) Šta mnogima nije jasno u vezi sa Isusom? Zašto je važno da znaš istinu o Isusu? Šta znače titule "Mesija“ i "Hrist“? U šta su Isusovi učenici bili potpuno uvereni što se tiče njega? Prikaži kako je Jehova pomogao vernim ljudima da prepoznaju Mesiju. Koja su se dva proročanstva o Isusu ispunila? Kako je prilikom Isusovog krštenja postalo jasno da je on Mesija? Šta se u Bibliji kaže o Isusovom postojanju pre nego što je došao na zemlju? Kako Biblija pokazuje da je Isus Jehovin najdraži Sin? Kako znamo da prvorođeni Sin nije jednak Bogu? Na šta se misli kada se u Bibliji kaže da je Sin "slika nevidljivog Boga“? Kako se Jehovin jedinorođeni Sin rodio kao čovek? Zašto možemo reći da preko Isusa bolje upoznajemo Jehovu? Čemu je Isus prvenstveno poučavao, i odakle su poticala njegova učenja? Gde je Isus poučavao ljude, i zašto se toliko zalagao u tome? Koje ti se osobine najviše dopadaju kod Isusa? Koji primer pokazuje da Isus nije bio ravnodušan prema potrebama drugih? Kako je Isus primer lojalne poslušnosti Bogu? Šta je Isus postigao time što je ostao veran do smrti?