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How Does the Zika Virus Affect Pregnant Women and Their Unborn Babies? I've received a lot of questions about the Zika virus and pregnancy lately. How long do you need to wait to try to get pregnant if you were in a Zika-infested country? What are the symptoms? How is it transmitted from person to person? Read up on these answers in the NBC News article about this and other common questions about the Zika virus. How do doctors know? It becomes clear if one sexual partner has traveled to a Zika-affected region and the other has not. And there's evidence the vagina may provide a good place for Zika virus to thrive. What if I get infected now and want to get pregnant in a couple of years? Is my pregnancy at risk? There is no evidence backing that up. The body clears the Zika virus eventually. There are some viruses that stay in the body permanently — herpes and the AIDS virus HIV, for example. But Zika virus is one that the immune system eventually gets rid of. Several viruses are known to cause birth defects if the mother is infected during pregnancy. Rubella, also known as German measles, is an example. But there was never any evidence that women infected with rubella before they got pregnant had a higher risk of birth defects in later years. How long do I have to wait before I get pregnant? WHO advises that people wait six months to try for a pregnancy if the male partner had symptoms of Zika, and waiting eight weeks if either partner has been in an area where Zika virus infection is possible. If a woman is pregnant and her male partner could possibly have been infected, they should use a condom or abstain from sex for the whole pregnancy. There's a report of one man who had Zika virus in his semen more than six months after he showed symptoms of infection. Since nearly half of the pregnancies in the U.S. are unplanned, CDC also advises using a condom or abstaining from sex for two months if there's a chance a man has been infected with Zika. "Men and women of reproductive age living in affected areas should be informed and orientated to consider delaying pregnancy," WHO advises. What if I'm pregnant now and get bitten by a mosquito? Not all mosquitoes carry Zika, even in the places where the virus is actively spreading. It's the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes that carry the virus, and one of them has to have bitten someone who's infected — and even then, it takes a couple of days for the virus to build up enough in the mosquito's body for the insect to transmit the virus to someone else. So unless you are in an area where Zika is spreading, it's not time to panic. Women in Zika zones need to take the strongest precautions, however and that includes using repellents such as DEET, covering up, and staying inside as much as possible. Women who become infected do need to see a doctor right away and get regularly tested and then have their pregnancy carefully monitored. There is no known way to protect a developing fetus from Zika infection, but doctors do know that not every woman who gets infected during pregnancy goes on to have a baby with birth defects. The CDC expects some local outbreaks of Zika in the states where the Aedes mosquitoes are common, but nothing like the epidemics in Latin American and Caribbean countries. If my baby is born normal, are we in the clear? No one can say yet. The most obvious and horrifying birth defect known to be caused by Zika infection is microcephaly. The child's head is smaller than normal because the brain itself is badly damaged. Doctors are now starting to report subtler birth defects in babies born to women who'd been infected. They include eye abnormalities, hearing defects and other brain damage. Some birth defects do not become apparent for years. The CDC is keeping a registry of all U.S. women who are pregnant and infected with Zika. So far, they're watching 400 in the 50 states and 378 in the territories. Health experts are also studying pregnant women to see what percentage of babies are hurt if a mom gets infected during pregnancy, and what the most dangerous times are. In at least one case, a newborn stayed infected with Zika for two months after he was born.
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Na www.medscape.com objavljene su privremene smjernice i preporuke vezano uz Zika virus, za 2016. godinu, a koje su predložene od strane Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Na infekciju Zika virusom mora se posumnjati u osobe koja živi ili je putovala u zahvaćeno područje (uglavnom Latinska Amerika) u posljednja 2 tjedna, a ima 2 ili više od slijedeća četiri simptoma: vrućica, osip, konjunkitivitis (crvene oči) ili artralgija (bol u zglobovima). Muškarac kojem je partnerica trudna, a živi ili je posjetio područje gdje komarci prenose Zika virus, trebao bi koristiti kondom ili apstinirati od spolnih odnosa za cijelo vrijeme trajanja trudnoće. Trudnice koje su posjetile zahvaćeno područje, trebale bi se testirati na Zika virus, čak ako i nemaju simptoma infekcije. Muškarcima i ženama kojima je dijagnosticirana Zika infekcija, ili imaju simptome Zika infekcije nakon moguće izloženosti Zika virusu, preporuča se slijedeće: - Žene ne bi smjele planirati trudnoću najmanje 8 tjedana od pojave simptoma - Muškarci ne bi smjeli imati nezaštićeni spolni odnos najmanje 6 mjeseci od pojave simptoma (taj interval je preporučen na temelju ograničenih saznanja o prisutnosti Zika virusa u ejakulatu, a dobiven je tako da se dosad najduži period u kojem je potvrđen Zika virus u sjemenu zaraženog muškarca pomnožio sa 3) - Za muškarce i žene bez znakova Zika infekcije, ali s mogućom izloženošću Zika virusu ( putovanje u zahvaćeno područje ili nezaštićeni spolni odnos sa zaraženom osobom), preporuča se da odgode planiranje trudnoće najmanje 8 tjedana iza moguće izloženosti Zika virusu - Parovima u kojima muškarac živi u zahvaćenom području, a nije razvio simptome infekcije, preporuča se da koriste kondome ili apstiniraju od spolnih odnosa, dok god postoji aktivni prijenos Zika virusa Zasad još nisu dokumentirani slučajevi prijenosa Zika virusa u postupcima medicinski potpomognute oplodnje, ali prijenos putem doniranih gameta ili zametaka je teoretski moguć. Zika virus se ne uništava prilikom procesa kriopohrane. Zbog toga, prema preporuci Food and Drug Administration, donori sjemena ili jajnih stanica ne mogu biti osobe sa bilo kojim od slijedećih rizičnih faktora: dijagnoza Zika infekcije u posljednjih 6 mjeseci; prebivalište ili putovanje u područje zahvaćeno aktivnim prijenosom Zika infekcije u posljednjih 6 mjeseci; unutar 6 mjeseci spolni odnos sa muškarcem koji je u periodu od 6 mjeseci prije spolnog odnosa bio zaražen Zika virusom ili je putovao u područje aktivnog prijenosa Zika virusa.