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MRSA prevention You've probably seen information int he news about MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), an antibiotic-resistant bacteria which has been found to be contagious. MRSA prevention at KCC KCC is taking the following steps … - Reviewing cleaning and disinfectant products and procedures. - Meeting with personnel in higher areas of concern, such as child care and athletics, to provide them with the needed information. - Creating communications to inform you about prevention. - What you can do: Wash your hands frequently; keep cuts and scrapes clean and covered with a bandage until healed; avoid contact with other people's wounds or bandages; and avoid sharing personal items, such as towel or razors. Swine Flu Prevention As a precaution for campus safety, KCC's director of facilities and campus security is working closely with the Kankakee County Health Department to monitor swine flu conditions in our local and regional area. Suggested precautions - Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. - Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it. - Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. Alcohol-based hand cleaners also are effective. - Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread this way. - Avoid close contact with people who are ill. Influenza is thought to spread mainly person-to-person through coughing or sneezing by infected people. - If you get sick, the Centers for Disease Control recommends that you stay home from work or school and limit contact with others to keep from infecting them. “Swine Influenza and You” according to the Centers for Disease Control What is swine flu? Swine Influenza (swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses that causes regular outbreaks in pigs. People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen. Swine flu viruses have been reported to spread from person-to-person, but in the past, this transmission was limited and not sustained beyond three people. Are there human infections with swine flu in the U.S.? In late March and early April 2009, cases of human infection with swine influenza A (H1N1) viruses were first reported in Southern California and near San Antonio, Texas. Other U.S. states have reported cases of swine flu infection in humans and cases have been reported internationally as well. An updated case count of confirmed swine flu infections in the United States is kept at CDC and local and state health agencies are working together to investigate this situation. Is this swine flu virus contagious? CDC has determined that this swine influenza A (H1N1) virus is contagious and is spreading from human to human. However, at this time, it is not known how easily the virus spreads between people. What are the signs and symptoms of swine flu in people? The symptoms of swine flu in people are similar to the symptoms of regular human flu and include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. Some people have reported diarrhea and vomiting associated with swine flu. In the past, severe illness (pneumonia and respiratory failure) and deaths have been reported with swine flu infection in people. Like seasonal flu, swine flu may cause a worsening of underlying chronic medical conditions. How does swine flu spread? Spread of this swine influenza A (H1N1) virus is thought to be happening in the same way that seasonal flu spreads. Flu viruses are spread mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing of people with influenza. Sometimes people may become infected by touching something with flu viruses on it and then touching their mouth or nose. How can someone with the flu infect someone else? Infected people may be able to infect others beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 7 or more days after becoming sick. That means that you may be able to pass on the flu to someone else before you know you are sick, as well as while you are sick. What should I do to keep from getting the flu? First and most important: wash your hands. Try to stay in good general health. Get plenty of sleep, be physically active, manage your stress, drink plenty of fluids, and eat nutritious food. Try not touch surfaces that may be contaminated with the flu virus. Avoid close contact with people who are sick. Are there medicines to treat swine flu? Yes. CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir or zanamivir for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with these swine influenza viruses. Antiviral drugs are prescription medicines (pills, liquid or an inhaler) that fight against the flu by keeping flu viruses from reproducing in your body. If you get sick, antiviral drugs can make your illness milder and make you feel better faster. They may also prevent serious flu complications. For treatment, antiviral drugs work best if started soon after getting sick (within 2 days of symptoms). How long can an infected person spread swine flu to others? People with swine influenza virus infection should be considered potentially contagious as long as they are symptomatic and possible for up to 7 days following illness onset. Children, especially younger children, might potentially be contagious for longer periods. What surfaces are most likely to be sources of contamination? Germs can be spread when a person touches something that is contaminated with germs and then touches his or her eyes, nose, or mouth. Droplets from a cough or sneeze of an infected person move through the air. Germs can be spread when a person touches respiratory droplets from another person on a surface like a desk and then touches their own eyes, mouth or nose before washing their hands. How long can viruses live outside the body? We know that some viruses and bacteria can live 2 hours or longer on surfaces like cafeteria tables, doorknobs, and desks. Frequent handwashing will help you reduce the chance of getting contamination from these common surfaces. What can I do to protect myself from getting sick? There is no vaccine available right now to protect against swine flu. There are everyday actions that can help prevent the spread of germs that cause respiratory illnesses like influenza. Take these everyday steps to protect your health: - Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. - Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it. - Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. Alcohol-based hand cleaners also are effective. - Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread this way. - Avoid close contact with people who are ill. Influenza is thought to spread mainly person-to-person through coughing or sneezing by infected people. - If you get sick, the Centers for Disease Control recommends that you stay home from work or school and limit contact with others to keep from infecting them. What is the best way to keep from spreading the virus through coughing or sneezing? - If you are sick, limit your contact with other people as much as possible. Do not go to work or school if ill. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing. It may prevent those around you from getting sick. Put your used tissue in the waste basket. Cover your cough or sneeze if you do not have a tissue. Then, clean your hands, and do so every time you cough or sneeze. What is the best technique for washing my hands to avoid getting the flu? Washing your hands often will help protect you from germs. Wash with soap and water. or clean with alcohol-based hand cleaner. we recommend that when you wash your hands -- with soap and warm water -- that you wash for 15 to 20 seconds. When soap and water are not available, alcohol-based disposable hand wipes or gel sanitizers may be used. You can find them in most supermarkets and drugstores. If using gel, rub your hands until the gel is dry. The gel doesn't need water to work; the alcohol in it kills the germs on your hands. What should I do if I get sick? If you live in areas where swine influenza cases have been identified and become ill with influenza-like symptoms, including fever, body aches, runny nose, sore throat, nausea, or vomiting or diarrhea, you may want to contact their health care provider, particularly if you are worried about your symptoms. Your health care provider will determine whether influenza testing or treatment is needed. If you are sick, you should stay home and avoid contact with other people as much as possible to keep from spreading your illness to others. If you become ill and experience any of the following warning signs, seek emergency medical care. In children emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include: - Fast breathing or trouble breathing - Bluish skin color - Not drinking enough fluids - Not waking up or not interacting - Being so irritable that the child does not want to be held - Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough - Fever with a rash In adults, emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include: - Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath - Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen - Sudden dizziness - Confusion - Severe or persistent vomiting How serious is swine flu infection? Like seasonal flu, swine flu in humans can vary in severity from mild to severe. Between 2005 until January 2009, 12 human cases of swine flu were detected in the U.S. with no deaths occurring. However, swine flu infection can be serious. In September 1988, a previously healthy 32-year-old pregnant woman in Wisconsin was hospitalized for pneumonia after being infected with swine flu and died 8 days later. A swine flu outbreak in Fort Dix, New Jersey occurred in 1976 that caused more than 200 cases with serious illness in several people and one death. Can I get swine influenza from eating or preparing pork? Swine influenza viruses are not spread by food. You cannot get swine influenza from eating pork or pork products. The common cold and flu are nothing to sneeze at. Plus, other infections and viruses can be even more threatening. Additional links to articles on prevention and tips for staying well and resistant to other contagious infections. Helpful links
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Virus H1N1 (tzv. "svinjska" gripa) pojavio se prvi put u Meksiku u travnju ove godine. Virus je sastavljen od genetskih elemenata od četiri različita virusa gripe: sjevernoameričke svinjske gripe, sjevernoameričke ptičje gripe, ljudske gripe i virusa svinjske gripe koja se obično nalazi u Aziji i Europi. Poput ostalih virusa gripe, svinjska gripa se obično prenosi udisanjem zraka koji je onečišćen klicama od kašlja ili kihanja zaražene osobe, ili dodirivanjem nosa ili usta rukama koje su prethodno bile u dodiru s kontaminiranim površinama, a nisu bile dezinficirane. Simptomi svinjske gripe Simptomi su slični onima normalne gripe, a većina osoba se u potpunosti oporavi u roku od tjedan dana, čak i bez posebnog tretmana. Tipični simptomi su: - iznenadna povišena temperatura - temperatura od 38°C i više - iznenadan kašalj Drugi simptomi mogu uključiti: - grlobolja - umor - zimica - kihanje - proljev ili probavne smetnje - gubitak apetita - glavobolja - bolovi u zglobovima i mišićima - curenje iz nosa Što učiniti ako mislite da ste zaraženi virusom svinjske gripe ? Telefonski kontaktirajte svog liječnika opće prakse, ukratko mu opišite simptome, a on će vas savjetovati što učiniti. Budući da se radi o virusu koji se vrlo brzo širi, odlaskom u ordinaciju mogli biste prenijeti virus na druge. Vrlo je bitno da strogo mirujete i da pijete mnogo tekućine (sljezov čaj će vam pomoći kod kašlja). Jedite laganu hranu, kokošju juhu ili juhu s brašnom, a za jačanje imuniteta napravite napitak od soka jednog limuna i 2 žlice meda (to pomiješajte i popijte naiskap). Ako vam temperatura naraste preko 38,5°C popijte antipiretik (npr. Lupocet ili Panadol Extra). Prilikom uzimanja tableta strogo se pridržavajate uputa o lijeku. Imate li visoku temperaturu, preko 39,5°C, koja ne pada ni sat vremena nakon što ste uzeli antipiretik, snižavajte je tuširanjem mlakom vodom. Osjetite li da se pojačano znojite popijte izotonično piće, koje će vam nadoknaditi izgubljeni kalij. U pravilu će vam se bolest povući nakon najviše 7 dana mirovanja. Na posao se možete vratiti nakon što 24 sata niste imali povišenu temperaturu. No još nekoliko dana si mjerite tjelesnu temperaturu, te u slučaju da ponovno imate povišenu temperaturu, obavezno se javite liječniku, jer to upućuje na komplikacije. Znakovi koji ukazuju na komplikacije gripe: - Otežano disanje i kratkoća daha - Bol ili pritisak u prsima ili abdomenu - Iznenadna dezorijentacija u prostoru - Konfuzija - Teško ili perzistentno povraćanje - Simptomi nalik gripi su se poboljšali a onda se ponovno pojavili sa temperaturom i pojačanim kašljem Komplikacije gripe koji zahtjevaju hospitalizaciju: - Pneumonija s komorbiditetom, - Akutna konfuzija, - Metabolički poremećaj, - Respiratorni poremećaj, - Akutni kardijalni poremećaj i drugo. Simptomi respiratorne insuficijencije ili drugi teški simptomi djece: - Otežano disanje (uvlačenje nosnica međurebranih prostora ili juguluma priinspiriju, ubrzano disanje, stridor), - Cijanoza i/ili poremećaji cirkulacije (plava ili siva boja kože) - Ne pije dovoljno tekućine - Kontinuirano povraćanje - Poremećaj svijesti (konfuzija, letargija) - Konvulzije, - Napeta fontanela, - Ukočenost vrata, fotofobija, - Visoka temperatura ili pothlađenost, - Ozbiljniji poremećaj hranjenja ili spavanja Kada pružate njegu članu domaćinstva, koji je obolio od gripe, evo najvažnijih načina da zaštitite sebe i druge, koji nisu bolesni: - držite bolesnu osobu što je moguće dalje od drugih ljudi posebno onih koji imaju visok rizik od komplikacije zbog gripe. Dakle neka budu u sobi u kojoj se ne zadržavaju ostali članovi obitelji. - podsjećajte bolesnu osobu da prilikom kašljanja ili kihanja pokrije lice čistom maramicom, i opere ruke sapunom i vodom. Neka ima pri ruci sredstvo za dezinfekciju ruku kojim će ih protrljati, posebno nakon kašljanja i / ili kihanja - neka svi u kućanstvu često peru ruke. Djecu svakako redovito podsjećajte na to. - Ako ste u skupini visokog rizika od komplikacije zbog gripe, trebali biste pokušati izbjegavati bliski kontakt (u krugu 1 metra) sa članovima domaćinstva koji su bolesni. Ako je bliski kontakt s bolesnima neizbježan, razmislite o tome da stavite masku za lice. Za dojenčad se (ako je ikako moguće) ne bi trebali brinuti bolesni članovi obitelji, da i ona ne obole. Rizične skupine: Trudnice U trudnoći imunitet je slabiji, što znači da je veća vjerojatnost da će se zaraziti virusom. U slučaju da je trudnica oboljela od svinjske gripe, postoji mali rizik od komplikacija. Međutim, većina trudnica koje obole od "svinjske" gripe, imat će blage simptome i brzo će se oporaviti. Astma Prehlada i virusne infekcije često pogoršavaju napadaje astme i otežavaju disanje. Kod bolesnika s astmom postoji veća vjerojatnost da će se simptomi pogoršati, te postoji veća opasnost od obolijevanja od upale pluća. Dijabetes Iako ljudi s dijabetesom nemaju veći rizik nego itko drugi, svinjska gripa može povećati razinu šećera u krvi, tako da će dijabetičar možda morati promijeniti dozu inzulina za borbu s gripom. Viša razina šećera u krvi znači da će se bakterije lakše množiti i povećati šanse za daljnje infekcije. Bolesti srca Svinjska gripa može povisiti krvni tlak, te tako dodatno opteretiti srce.