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attempt to build the universe as we know it. In addition, it helps us understand what happens in the universe by having a precise picture of the smallest building blocks of matter and their interactions.” However, one glaring problem to date has been the lack of proof of the existence of the Higgs boson – this is a key part of the Standard Model and scientists have simply had to assume it exists. If this new particle is the Higgs boson, it will help explain why particles have mass and validate the Standard Model as a true explanation for how the universe is put together. This video by PHD Comics does a good job to explain the basics of what the Higgs boson is, how it’s been looked for it using CERN’s Large Hadron Collider, and why physicists care so much. Click to watch video on VIMEO Why is it important? Essentially because it proves that our understanding of the basic workings of the universe is correct. If the Higgs boson didn’t exist, the Standard Model would be proved incorrect. Its importance led to the “God Particle” nickname. Physicist-cum-startup entrepreneur at PeerReach, Nico Schoonderwoerd says that it’s “A major milestone for the standard model,” as it validates all the work done, and all the money poured into its discovery. Krassnigg elaborates: ”Picture the Standard Model as a car. Then you could imagine the Higgs boson to be, or provide, the wheels of that car. It had to be decided experimentally whether or not the car (our view of particle physics) actually is as we expected it to be, i.e., whether it actually does have wheels or not. “For our car this is a question of central importance, since it determines what the car can do and how. While not having wheels would not have been a bad thing automatically – there are other fancier ways to move a car around -, it has now turned out that the wheels seem to be there and that this is the way the car moves.” Where do we go from here? So, if it is the Higgs boson that has been discovered, what does that mean for the future? CERN’s own announcement noted: ”Positive identification of the new particle’s characteristics will take considerable time and data. But whatever form the Higgs particle takes, our knowledge of the fundamental structure of matter is about to take a major step forward.” Krassnigg continues his comparison of the Higgs boson with a car to explain what’s next: “Measurements and data analysis will continue, since physicists still need to find out in the months and years to come what the wheels are like: everything standard (i.e. as expected) or extra-large rims or something even more unexpected (perhaps on fire?).” Just because the Standard Model appears to be validated, doesn’t mean there isn’t a lot more to discover in the field of particle physics, too, as Schoonderwoerd explains: “The standard model doesn’t explain gravitation at all. So physicists have been trying to unify the gravitation theory with the Standard Model in advance models with names like Supersymmetry.” He says that many of the people investigating these theories hope that accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider will continue to run at increasing energy levels, uncovering new particles that may explain how gravity works in a way that fits into the Standard Model. But how does it affect the rest of us? This is all very good for theoretical physicists – but will the discovery affect our every day lives? While it’s impossible to say if new fields of technology will open up as a result of the discovery of the Higgs boson, Krassnigg points out that ”In addition to the beauty of the process of discovery itself, which is a very rewarding experience, in my opinion the biggest difference to the world we live in are spin-offs coming from CERN or other high-energy physics laboratories with regard to technology.” Take the World Wide Web, for example, developed at CERN by Sir Tim Berners Lee. Consider the huge amount of work done to develop the Large Hadron Collider – that research could well have uses outside the realm of physics. Another real-world benefit is people, says Dr Simon George, who is involved in the ATLAS experiment using the Large Hadron Collider; “The highly trained PhDs who get snapped up by the private sector, and enthused children who will become our scientists in the future.” Whether or not we see technological advancements as a direct result of today’s announcement, perhaps that’s not important. Krassnigg is hugely positive about the wider effect of the work behind it. “I consider these latest results an excellent and reassuring confirmation of our (meaning we as a global society) target-oriented ability to make use of and invest in science and technology. In particular, a lot of amazing work, time, strategic thinking, skill, and creativity were needed to arrive at today’s ‘state-of-the-art’ announcement. Congratulations to all who contributed!” Source: TNW
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Foto: AFP/CERN DANAS je potvrđeno iz CERN-a (Europski centar za nuklearna istraživanja) da je uočena nova subatomska čestica koja ima obilježja Higgsovog bozona ili popularno nazvane "Božje čestice". Znanstvenici koji rade na projektima CMS i ATLAS predstavili su rezultate istraživanja, kojima je potvrđeno da se nova čestica raspada na dva fotona što govori da se radi o bozonu, čija je masa 125-126 GeV i čini ga najmasovnijim bozonom. Nova čestica je konzistentna s očekivanjem za Higgsov bozon, ali znanstvenici ne mogu još sa sto postotnom sigurnošću potvrditi da se doista radi o dugo očekivanoj "Božjoj čestici". Važno je naglasiti da rezultati oba ova istraživanja imaju vrijednost 5 sigma, na ljestvici koju fizičari koriste da bi naznačili koliko je neko otkriće točno, odnosno kolika je vjerojatnost da je opažanje plod slučajne fluktuacije poznatih procesa, a ne znak nove čestice, a ta je vjerojatnost manja od jednog dijela u tri milijuna. Razgovarali smo s dr. Ivicom Puljkom i dr. Damirom Lelasom koji pripadaju skupini od dvadeset hrvatskih fizičara koji sudjeluju u potrazi za Higgsovim bozonom, a oni su nam objasnili koja je važnost današnje objave i što ovo otkriće uopće znači. Sljedeći korak u razumijevanju prirode "Mi imamo jednu teoriju o prirodi koji nazivamo 'Standardni model elementarnih čestica' i ona jako lijepo opisuje stanje u prirodi, ali u toj teoriji nedostaje jedna karika, to jest, nedostaje objašnjenje zašto čestice imaju masu. Štoviše, taj koncept mase nikako ne možemo ugraditi u taj model prirode. Dugi smo niz bili u dilemi i razmišljali o tome da napustimo tu teoriju, ali zahvaljujući grupi znanstvenika, među kojima je i Peter Higgs, krenuli smo u potragu za mehanizmom koji bi objasnio kako čestice dobivaju svoju masu i na neki način zaokružiti teoriju Standardnog Modela te učiniti sljedeći korak u fundamentalnom razumijevanju prirode", rekao nam je dr. Ivica Puljak. "Važnost današnje objave otkrića novog bozona na Velikom Sudaraču Hadrona (LHC) na CERN-u je vrlo značajna iz nekoliko razloga. Na neki način to je nagrada za ogroman posao koji je trajao više od 20 godina, a obuhvaćao je pripremu, gradnju i puštanje u pogon LHC-a i pripadajućih detektora. Izvanredno uspješan rad akceleratora i detektora u zadnje tri godine je omogućio danas objavljene rezultate, kao i izuzetno složena analiza podataka koja je izvršena u rekordno kratkom roku", rekao je dr. Damir Lelas. Novi akcelerator "Posao koji još predstoji, u idućih nekoliko godina, je potvrda je li ovaj bozon stvarno Higgs bozon predviđen Standardnim modelom elementarnih čestica, dakle današnjom teorijom. Ako to bude tako, to će biti velika potvrda da je sadašnja slika valjana. Postojanje Higgsovog bozona, čestice odgovorne za masu drugih čestica, u okviru Standardnog modela je predviđanje staro već nekoliko desetljeća. U slučaju da se danas objavljeno otkriće ne bude moglo objasniti Standardnim modelom čestica, potrebno će biti potražiti dodatna objašnjenja i odgovore. To je, na neki način, još interesantniji scenarij. Bilo kako bilo, ovo otkriće ima i imat će dalekosežne posljedice za razumijevanje fizike najsitnijih dijelova tvari, kao i na spoznaju o strukturi Svemira", rekao je za Index Damir Lelas s Fakulteta elektrotehnike, strojarstva i brodogradnje. "Sva svojstva koja smo izmjerili slažu se sa svojstvima koja bi imao i Higgsov bozon i zato kažemo da otkrivena čestica liči na Higgsov bozon. A da bismo utvrdili radi li se o Higgsovom bozonu, mi moramo izmjeriti jako puno njegovih svojstava, a za to će nam trebati puno godina. Možda ćemo trebati napraviti i novi akcelerator", dodao je dr. Puljak. "Važno je spomenuti da su u ovim eksperimentima sudjelovali ljudi iz Hrvatske. I naša su sveučilišta potpuno ravnopravna bilo kojem drugom sveučilištu u svijetu koje je sudjelovalo u eksperimentu. To je jedan dio znanosti u kojem smo mi, zahvaljujući podršci ministarstva i sveučilišta, došli do stupnja da iz Zagreba, iz Splita, iz Hrvatske, možemo raditi potpuno ravnopravno za znanost. To je jedna dobra poruka da se i kod nas mogu neke stvari raditi kvalitetno", za kraj je rekao dr. Puljak.