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Prozac 20mg hard capsules, and 20mg per 5ml oral liquid Last Updated on eMC 16-Oct-2014 View changes | Eli Lilly and Company Limited Contact details Name of the medicinal product Qualitative and quantitative composition Pharmaceutical form Clinical particulars - 4.1 Therapeutic indications - 4.2 Posology and method of administration - 4.3 Contraindications - 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use - 4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction - 4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation - 4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines - 4.8 Undesirable effects - 4.9 Overdose Pharmacological properties - 5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties - 5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties - 5.3 Preclinical safety data Pharmaceutical particulars - 6.1 List of excipients - 6.2 Incompatibilities - 6.3 Shelf life - 6.4 Special precautions for storage - 6.5 Nature and contents of container - 6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling Marketing authorisation holder Marketing authorisation number(s) Date of first authorisation/renewal of the authorisation Date of revision of the text - Legal category Adults:Major depressive episodes. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Bulimia nervosa: PROZAC is indicated as a complement of psychotherapy for the reduction of binge-eating and purging activity. Children and Adolescents Aged 8 Years and Above:Moderate to severe major depressive episode, if depression is unresponsive to psychological therapy after 4-6 sessions. Antidepressant medication should be offered to a child or young person with moderate to severe depression only in combination with a concurrent psychological therapy. Posology Adults Major depressive episodesAdults and the elderly: The recommended dose is 20mg daily. Dosage should be reviewed and adjusted if necessary, within 3 to 4 weeks of initiation of therapy and thereafter as judged clinically appropriate. Although there may be an increased potential for undesirable effects at higher doses, in some patients, with insufficient response to 20mg, the dose may be increased gradually up to a maximum of 60mg (see section 5.1). Dosage adjustments should be made carefully on an individual patient basis, to maintain the patients at the lowest effective dose. Patients with depression should be treated for a sufficient period of at least 6 months to ensure that they are free from symptoms. Obsessive-compulsive disorderAdults and the elderly: The recommended dose is 20mg daily. Although there may be an increased potential for undesirable effects at higher doses, in some patients, if after two weeks there is insufficient response to 20mg, the dose may be increased gradually up to a maximum of 60mg. If no improvement is observed within 10 weeks, treatment with fluoxetine should be reconsidered. If a good therapeutic response has been obtained, treatment can be continued at a dosage adjusted on an individual basis. While there are no systematic studies to answer the question of how long to continue fluoxetine treatment, OCD is a chronic condition and it is reasonable to consider continuation beyond 10 weeks in responding patients. Dosage adjustments should be made carefully on an individual patient basis, to maintain the patient at the lowest effective dose. The need for treatment should be reassessed periodically. Some clinicians advocate concomitant behavioural psychotherapy for patients who have done well on pharmacotherapy. Long-term efficacy (more than 24 weeks) has not been demonstrated in OCD. Bulimia nervosa: Adults and the elderly: A dose of 60mg/day is recommended. Long-term efficacy (more than 3 months) has not been demonstrated in bulimia nervosa. All indications: The recommended dose may be increased or decreased. Doses above 80mg/day have not been systematically evaluated. Paediatric population - Children and adolescents aged 8 years and above (moderate to severe major depressive episode):Treatment should be initiated and monitored under specialist supervision. The starting dose is 10mg/day given as 2.5ml of PROZAC oral solution. Dose adjustments should be made carefully, on an individual basis, to maintain the patient at the lowest effective dose. After one to two weeks, the dose may be increased to 20mg/day. Clinical trial experience with daily doses greater than 20mg is minimal. There is only limited data on treatment beyond 9 weeks. Lower-weight children: Due to higher plasma levels in lower-weight children, the therapeutic effect may be achieved with lower doses (see section 5.2). For paediatric patients who respond to treatment, the need for continued treatment after 6 months should be reviewed. If no clinical benefit is achieved within 9 weeks, treatment should be reconsidered. Elderly patients: Caution is recommended when increasing the dose, and the daily dose should generally not exceed 40mg. Maximum recommended dose is 60mg/day. Patients with hepatic impairment: A lower or less frequent dose (e.g., 20mg every second day) should be considered in patients with hepatic impairment (see section 5.2), or in patients where concomitant medication has the potential for interaction with PROZAC (see section 4.5). Withdrawal symptoms seen on discontinuation of PROZAC: Abrupt discontinuation should be avoided. When stopping treatment with PROZAC the dose should be gradually reduced over a period of at least one to two weeks in order to reduce the risk of withdrawal reactions (see section 4.4 and section 4.8). If intolerable symptoms occur following a decrease in the dose or upon discontinuation of treatment, then resuming the previously prescribed dose may be considered. Subsequently, the physician may continue decreasing the dose, but at a more gradual rate. Method of administrationFor oral administration. Fluoxetine may be administered as a single or divided dose, during or between meals. When dosing is stopped, active drug substances will persist in the body for weeks. This should be borne in mind when starting or stopping treatment. The capsule and oral solution forms are bioequivalent. Rash and allergic reactionsRash, anaphylactoid events and progressive systemic events, sometimes serious (involving skin, kidney, liver or lung), have been reported. Upon the appearance of rash or of other allergic phenomena for which an alternative aetiology cannot be identified, fluoxetine should be discontinued. SeizuresSeizures are a potential risk with antidepressant drugs. Therefore, as with other antidepressants, fluoxetine should be introduced cautiously in patients who have a history of seizures. Treatment should be discontinued in any patient who develops seizures or where there is an increase in seizure frequency. Fluoxetine should be avoided in patients with unstable seizure disorders/epilepsy and patients with controlled epilepsy should be carefully monitored. ManiaAntidepressants should be used with caution in patients with a history of mania/hypomania. As with all antidepressants, fluoxetine should be discontinued in any patient entering a manic phase. Hepatic/Renal functionFluoxetine is extensively metabolised by the liver and excreted by the kidneys. A lower dose, e.g., alternate day dosing, is recommended in patients with significant hepatic dysfunction. When given fluoxetine 20mg/day for 2 months, patients with severe renal failure (GFR <10ml/min) requiring dialysis showed no difference in plasma levels of fluoxetine or norfluoxetine compared to controls with normal renal function. TamoxifenFluoxetine, a potent inhibitor of CYP2D6, may lead to reduced concentrations of endoxifen, one of the most important active metabolites of tamoxifen. Therefore, fluoxetine should whenever possible be avoided during tamoxifen treatment (see section 4.5). Cardiovascular EffectsCases of QT interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmia including torsade de pointes have been reported during the post-marketing period (see sections 4.5, 4.8 and 4.9). Fluoxetine should be used with caution in patients with conditions such as congenital long QT syndrome, a family history of QT prolongation or other clinical conditions that predispose to arrhythmias (e.g., hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, bradycardia, acute myocardial infarction or uncompensated heart failure) or increased exposure to fluoxetine (e.g., hepatic impairment). If patients with stable cardiac disease are treated, an ECG review should be considered before treatment is started. If signs of cardiac arrhythmia occur during treatment with fluoxetine, the treatment should be withdrawn and an ECG should be performed. Weight lossWeight loss may occur in patients taking fluoxetine, but it is usually proportional to baseline body weight. DiabetesIn patients with diabetes, treatment with an SSRI may alter glycaemic control. Hypoglycaemia has occurred during therapy with fluoxetine and hyperglycaemia has developed following discontinuation. Insulin and/or oral hypoglycaemic dosage may need to be adjusted. Suicide/suicidal thoughts or clinical worseningDepression is associated with an increased risk of suicidal thoughts, self-harm and suicide (suicide-related events). This risk persists until significant remission occurs. As improvement may not occur during the first few weeks or more of treatment, patients should be closely monitored until such improvement occurs. It is general clinical experience that the risk of suicide may increase in the early stages of recovery. Other psychiatric conditions for which PROZAC is prescribed can also be associated with an increased risk of suicide-related events. In addition, these conditions may be co-morbid with major depressive disorder. The same precautions observed when treating patients with major depressive disorder should therefore be observed when treating patients with other psychiatric disorders. Patients with a history of suicide-related events, those exhibiting a significant degree of suicidal ideation prior to commencement of treatment are known to be at greater risk of suicidal thoughts or suicide attempts, and should receive careful monitoring during treatment. A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled clinical trials of antidepressants drugs in adult patients with psychiatric disorders showed an increased risk of suicidal behaviour with antidepressants compared to placebo in patients less than 25 years old. Close supervision of patients, and in particular those at high risk, should accompany drug therapy especially in early treatment, and following dose changes. Patients (and caregivers of patients) should be alerted about the need to monitor for any clinical worsening, suicidal behaviour or thoughts and unusual changes in behaviour, and to seek medical advice immediately if these symptoms present. Akathisia/psychomotor restlessnessThe use of fluoxetine has been associated with the development of akathisia, characterised by a subjectively unpleasant or distressing restlessness and need to move, often accompanied by an inability to sit or stand still. This is most likely to occur within the first few weeks of treatment. In patients who develop these symptoms, increasing the dose may be detrimental. Withdrawal symptoms seen on discontinuation of SSRI treatmentWithdrawal symptoms when treatment is discontinued are common, particularly if discontinuation is abrupt (see section 4.8). In clinical trials, adverse events seen on treatment discontinuation occurred in approximately 60% of patients in both the fluoxetine and placebo groups. Of these adverse events, 17% in the fluoxetine group and 12% in the placebo group were severe in nature. The risk of withdrawal symptoms may be dependent on several factors, including the duration and dose of therapy and the rate of dose reduction. Dizziness, sensory disturbances (including paraesthesia), sleep disturbances (including insomnia and intense dreams), asthenia, agitation or anxiety, nausea and/or vomiting, tremor, and headache are the most commonly reported reactions. Generally, these symptoms are mild to moderate; however, in some patients they may be severe in intensity. They usually occur within the first few days of discontinuing treatment. Generally, these symptoms are self-limiting and usually resolve within 2 weeks, though in some individuals they may be prolonged (2-3 months or more). It is therefore advised that PROZAC should be gradually tapered when discontinuing treatment over a period of at least one to two weeks, according to the patient's needs (see 'Withdrawal symptoms seen on discontinuation of PROZAC', section 4.2). HaemorrhageThere have been reports of cutaneous bleeding abnormalities, such as ecchymosis and purpura with SSRIs. Ecchymosis has been reported as an infrequent event during treatment with fluoxetine. Other haemorrhagic manifestations (e.g., gynaecological haemorrhages, gastro-intestinal bleedings and other cutaneous or mucous bleedings) have been reported rarely. Caution is advised in patients taking SSRIs, particularly in concomitant use with oral anticoagulants, drugs known to affect platelet function (e.g., atypical antipsychotics, such as clozapine, phenothiazines, most TCAs, aspirin, NSAIDs), or other drugs that may increase risk of bleeding, as well as in patients with a history of bleeding disorders. MydriasisMydriasis has been reported in association with fluoxetine; therefore, caution should be used when prescribing fluoxetine in patients with raised intraocular pressure or those at risk of acute narrow-angle glaucoma. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)There have been rare reports of prolonged seizures in patients on fluoxetine receiving ECT treatment; therefore, caution is advisable. St John's WortAn increase in serotonergic effects, such as serotonin syndrome, may occur when selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and herbal preparations containing St John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) are used together. Serotonin syndrome or neuroleptic malignant syndrome-like eventsOn rare occasions, development of a serotonin syndrome or neuroleptic malignant syndrome-like events have been reported in association with treatment of fluoxetine, particularly when given in combination with other serotonergic (among others, L-tryptophan) and/or neuroleptic drugs. As these syndromes may result in potentially life-threatening conditions, treatment with fluoxetine should be discontinued if such events (characterised by clusters of symptoms, such as hyperthermia, rigidity, myoclonus, autonomic instability with possible rapid fluctuations of vital signs, mental status changes, including confusion, irritability, extreme agitation, progressing to delirium and coma) occur and supportive symptomatic treatment should be initiated. PROZAC oral solution contains sucrosePatients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption or sucrase-isomaltase insufficiency should not take this medicine. PregnancySome epidemiological studies suggest an increased risk of cardiovascular defects associated with the use of fluoxetine during the first trimester. The mechanism is unknown. Overall the data suggest that the risk of having an infant with a cardiovascular defect following maternal fluoxetine exposure is in the region of 2/100 compared with an expected rate for such defects of approximately 1/100 in the general population. Epidemiological data have suggested that the use of SSRIs in pregnancy, particularly in late pregnancy, may increase the risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn (PPHN). The observed risk was approximately 5 cases per 1000 pregnancies. In the general population 1 to 2 cases of PPHN per 1000 pregnancies occur. Furthermore, although fluoxetine can be used during pregnancy, caution should be exercised, especially during late pregnancy or just prior to the onset of labour since some other effects have been reported in neonates: irritability, tremor, hypotonia, persistent crying, difficulty in sucking or in sleeping. These symptoms may indicate either serotonergic effects or a withdrawal syndrome. The time to occur and the duration of these symptoms may be related to the long half-life of fluoxetine (4-6 days) and its active metabolite, norfluoxetine (4-16 days). Breast-feedingFluoxetine and its metabolite norfluoxetine, are known to be excreted in human breast milk. Adverse events have been reported in breastfeeding infants. If treatment with fluoxetine is considered necessary, discontinuation of breastfeeding should be considered; however, if breastfeeding is continued, the lowest effective dose of fluoxetine should be prescribed. FertilityAnimal data have shown that fluoxetine may affect sperm quality (see section 5.3). Human case reports with some SSRI's have shown that an effect on sperm quality is reversible. Impact on human fertility has not been observed so far. Reporting of suspected adverse reactionsReporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard. SymptomsCases of overdose of fluoxetine alone usually have a mild course. Symptoms of overdose have included nausea, vomiting, seizures, cardiovascular dysfunction ranging from asymptomatic arrhythmias (including nodal rhythm and ventricular arrhythmias) or ECG changes indicative of QTc prolongation to cardiac arrest (including very rare cases of Torsade de Pointes), pulmonary dysfunction, and signs of altered CNS status ranging from excitation to coma. Fatality attributed to overdose of fluoxetine alone has been extremely rare. ManagementCardiac and vital signs monitoring are recommended, along with general symptomatic and supportive measures. No specific antidote is known. Forced diuresis, dialysis, haemoperfusion, and exchange transfusion are unlikely to be of benefit. Activated charcoal, which may be used with sorbitol, may be as or more effective than emesis or lavage. In managing overdosage, consider the possibility of multiple drug involvement. An extended time for close medical observation may be needed in patients who have taken excessive quantities of a tricyclic antidepressant if they are also taking, or have recently taken, fluoxetine. Mechanism of actionFluoxetine is a selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake, and this probably accounts for the mechanism of action. Fluoxetine has practically no affinity to other receptors such as a1-, a2-, and B-adrenergic; serotonergic; dopaminergic; histaminergic1; muscarinic; and GABA receptors. Clinical efficacy and safetyMajor depressive episodes: Clinical trials in patients with major depressive episodes have been conducted versus placebo and active controls. PROZAC has been shown to be significantly more effective than placebo, as measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). In these studies, PROZAC produced a significantly higher rate of response (defined by a 50% decrease in the HAM-D score) and remission compared to placebo. Dose response: In the fixed-dose studies of patients with major depression there is a flat dose response curve, providing no suggestion of advantage in terms of efficacy for using higher than the recommended doses. However, it is clinical experience that uptitrating might be beneficial for some patients. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: In short-term trials (under 24 weeks), fluoxetine was shown to be significantly more effective than placebo. There was a therapeutic effect at 20mg/day, but higher doses (40 or 60mg/day) showed a higher response rate. In long-term studies (three short-term studies extension phase and a relapse prevention study), efficacy has not been shown. Bulimia nervosa: In short-term trials (under 16 weeks), in out-patients fulfilling DSM-III-R-criteria for bulimia nervosa, fluoxetine 60mg/day was shown to be significantly more effective than placebo for the reduction of bingeing, vomiting and purging activities. However, for long-term efficacy no conclusion can be drawn. Pre-Menstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Two placebo-controlled studies were conducted in patients meeting pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) diagnostic criteria according to DSM-IV. Patients were included if they had symptoms of sufficient severity to impair social and occupational function and relationships with others. Patients using oral contraceptives were excluded. In the first study of continuous 20mg daily dosing for 6 cycles, improvement was observed in the primary efficacy parameter (irritability, anxiety and dysphoria). In the second study, with intermittent luteal phase dosing (20mg daily for 14 days) for 3 cycles, improvement was observed in the primary efficacy parameter (Daily Record of Severity of Problems score). However, definitive conclusions on efficacy and duration of treatment cannot be drawn from these studies. Paediatric populationMajor depressive episodes: Clinical trials in children and adolescents aged 8 years and above have been conducted versus placebo. PROZAC, at a dose of 20mg, has been shown to be significantly more effective than placebo in two short-term pivotal studies, as measured by the reduction of Childhood Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) total scores and Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) scores. In both studies, patients met criteria for moderate to severe MDD (DSM-III or DSM-IV) at three different evaluations by practising child psychiatrists. Efficacy in the fluoxetine trials may depend on the inclusion of a selective patient population (one that has not spontaneously recovered within a period of 3-5 weeks and whose depression persisted in the face of considerable attention). There is only limited data on safety and efficacy beyond 9 weeks. In general, efficacy of fluoxetine was modest. Response rates (the primary endpoint, defined as a 30% decrease in the CDRS-R score) demonstrated a statistically significant difference in one of the two pivotal studies (58% for fluoxetine versus 32% for placebo, P = 0.013; and 65% for fluoxetine versus 54% for placebo, P = 0.093). In these two studies, the mean absolute changes in CDRS-R from baseline to endpoint were 20 for fluoxetine versus 11 for placebo, P = 0.002; and 22 for fluoxetine versus 15 for placebo, P <0.001. Effects on growth, see sections 4.4 and 4.8: After 19 weeks of treatment, paediatric subjects treated with fluoxetine in a clinical trial gained an average of 1.1 cm less in height (p=0.004) and 1.1 kg less in weight (p=0.008) than subjects treated with placebo. In a retrospective matched control observational study with a mean of 1.8 years of exposure to fluoxetine, paediatric subjects treated with fluoxetine had no difference in growth adjusted for expected growth in height from their matched, untreated controls (0.0 cm, p=0.9673). Special populationsElderly: Kinetic parameters are not altered in healthy elderly when compared to younger subjects. Paediatric population: The mean fluoxetine concentration in children is approximately 2-fold higher than that observed in adolescents and the mean norfluoxetine concentration 1.5-fold higher. Steady-state plasma concentrations are dependent on body weight and are higher in lower-weight children (see section 4.2). As in adults, fluoxetine and norfluoxetine accumulated extensively following multiple oral dosing; steady-state concentrations were achieved within 3 to 4 weeks of daily dosing. Hepatic insufficiency: In case of hepatic insufficiency (alcoholic cirrhosis), fluoxetine and norfluoxetine half-lives are increased to 7 and 12 days, respectively. A lower or less frequent dose should be considered. Renal insufficiency: After single-dose administration of fluoxetine in patients with mild, moderate, or complete (anuria) renal insufficiency, kinetic parameters have not been altered when compared to healthy volunteers. However, after repeated administration, an increase in steady-state plateau of plasma concentrations may be observed. Adult animal studiesIn a 2-generation rat reproduction study, fluoxetine did not produce adverse effects on the mating or fertility of rats, was not teratogenic, and did not affect growth, development, or reproductive parameters of the offspring. The concentrations in the diet provided doses approximately equivalent to 1.5, 3.9, and 9.7 mg fluoxetine/kg body weight. Male mice treated daily for 3 months with fluoxetine in the diet at a dose approximately equivalent to 31 mg/kg showed a decrease in testis weight and hypospermatogenesis. However, this dose level exceeded the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) as significant signs of toxicity were seen. Juvenile animal studiesIn a juvenile toxicology study in CD rats, administration of 30 mg/kg/day of fluoxetine hydrochloride on postnatal days 21 to 90 resulted in irreversible testicular degeneration and necrosis, epididymal epithelial vacuolation, immaturity and inactivity of the female reproductive tract and decreased fertility. Delays in sexual maturation occurred in males (10 and 30 mg/kg/day) and females (30 mg/kg/day). The significance of these findings in humans is unknown. Rats administered 30 mg/kg also had decreased femur lengths compared with controls and skeletal muscle degeneration, necrosis and regeneration. At 10 mg/kg/day, plasma levels achieved in animals were approximately 0.8 to 8.8 fold (fluoxetine) and 3.6 to 23.2 fold (norfluoxetine) those usually observed in paediatric patients. At 3 mg/kg/day, plasma levels achieved in animals were approximately 0.04 to 0.5 fold (fluoxetine) and 0.3 to 2.1 fold (norfluoxetine) those usually achieved in paediatric patients. A study in juvenile mice has indicated that inhibition of the serotonin transporter prevents the accrual of bone formation. This finding would appear to be supported by clinical findings. The reversibility of this effect has not been established. Another study in juvenile mice (treated on postnatal days 4 to 21) has demonstrated that inhibition of the serotonin transporter had long-lasting effects on the behaviour of the mice. There is no information on whether the effect was reversible. The clinical relevance of this finding has not been established. The oral solution contains:Benzoic acidSucroseGlycerineMint flavour (containing 0.23 % ethanol (alcohol))Purified water The capsules contain:Maize starch flowableDimeticone Capsule components:Patent blue V (E131) Yellow iron oxide (E172)Titanium dioxide (E171)GelatinPharmaceutical grade edible printing ink: containing shellac, hydrated ferric oxide (black) E172, propylene glycol and may contain ammonium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. Eli Lilly and Company Limited Lilly House, Priestley Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG24 9NL Before you contact this company: often several companies will market medicines with the same active ingredient. Please check that this is the correct company before contacting them. Why? Active ingredients Legal categories This site uses cookies. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our policy on the use of cookies. 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Seroxat tablete (20/30mg) – Uputa o lijeku Proizvođač: Belupo Samo na recept? DA Skoči na: » opis » primjena » doziranje » mjere opreza » napomene Opis SASTAV 1 SEROXATTM 20 mg tableta sadržava 20 mg paroksetina u obliku paroksetin-klorid hemihidrata. Pomoćne tvari: boja E171. 1 SEROXATTM 30 mg tableta sadržava 30 mg paroksetina u obliku paroksetin-klorid hemihidrata. Pomoćne tvari: boje E 171 i E132. FARMACEUTSKI OBLIK I VELIČINA PAKIRANJA Filmom obložena tableta. Blister s 10 tableta, 3 blistera u kutiji. FARMAKOTERAPIJSKA SKUPINA Paroksetin je antidepresiv iz skupine selektivnih inhibitora ponovne pohrane serotonina. NAČIN I MJESTO IZDAVANJA Na recept , u ljekarnama. ROK VALJANOSTI Otisnut je na pakiranju. Lijek se ne smije primijeniti nakon isteka roka valjanosti! NAČIN ČUVANJA LIJEKA Lijek treba čuvati pri temperaturi do 25°C. Lijek treba čuvati izvan dohvata djece! Primjena Terapijske indikacije Odrasli SEROXAT se primjenjuje u liječenju: - teške depresivne epizode - opsesivno kompulzivnog poremećaja - paničnog poremećaja sa ili bez agorafobije - socijalnog anksioznog poremećaja / socijalne fobije - posttraumatskog stresnog poremećaja - generaliziranog anksioznog poremećaja. Djeca/Adolescenti SEROXAT nije namijenjen za liječenje djece i adolescenata do 18 godina. Naime, kontrolirana klinička ispitivanja nisu dokazala djelotvornost i ne podupiru primjenu paroksetina u liječenju velikog depresivnog poremećaja kod djece i adolescenata do 18 godina. Primjena paroksetina u djece mlađe od 7 godina nije ispitivana. Doziranje Doziranje i način primjene Preporuča se primjenjivati SEROXAT jednom dnevno, ujutro, uz jelo. Bolesnike s depresijom ili opsesivno kompulzivnim poremećajem treba liječiti dovoljno dugo kako bi osigurali nestanak simptoma bolesti. To može biti razdoblje od nekoliko mjeseci za depresiju, a još dulje za opsesivno kompulzivni i panični poremećaj. Teška depresivna edpizoda Preporučena doza je 20 mg paroksetina na dan. Poboljšanje obično nastupa nakon tjedan dana liječenja, ali u nekim slučajevima su potrebna i 2 tjedna. Bolesnicima koji ne odgovaraju na terapiju od 20 mg paroksetina na dan doza se povećava za po 10 mg u skladu s terapijskim učinkom lijeka, do maksimalne doze od 50 mg paroksetina na dan. Tri do četiri tjedna od početka liječenja doziranje se mora nadgledati i, ovisno o kliničkom odgovoru, korigirati. Opsesivno kompulzivni poremećaj Preporučena doza je 40 mg paroksetina na dan. Liječenje započinje s 20 mg paroksetina na dan, a doza se može postupno povećavati za po 10 mg u skladu s terapijskim učinkom lijeka, do postizanja preporučene dnevne doze. Najviša dnevna doza je 60 mg paroksetina. Panični poremećaj Preporučena doza je 40 mg paroksetina na dan. Liječenje započinje s 10 mg paroksetina na dan i doza se povećava za po 10 mg paroksetina, u skladu s terapijskim učinkom. Doza se može povećavati do najviše 60 mg paroksetina na dan. Niska početna doza se preporuča zbog izbjegavanja mogućeg pogoršanja simptoma panike do kojih općenito dolazi u ranoj fazi liječenja ovog poremećaja. Socijalni anksiozni poremećaj / Socijalna fobija Preporučena doza je 20 mg paroksetina na dan. Bolesnicima koji ne odgovaraju na terapiju od 20 mg paroksetina na dan doza se postupno povećava za po 10 mg, u skladu s terapijskim učinkom lijeka, do maksimalne doze od 50 mg paroksetina na dan. Liječnik treba ponovno ocijeniti korisnost primjene kod bolesnika koji dulje vrijeme uzimaju lijek. Posttraumatski stresni poremećaj Preporučena doza je 20 mg paroksetina na dan. Bolesnicima koji ne odgovaraju na terapiju od 20 mg paroksetina na dan doza se postupno povećava za po 10 mg, u skladu s terapijskim učinkom lijeka, do maksimalne doze od 50 mg paroksetina na dan. Liječnik treba ponovno ocijeniti korisnost primjene kod bolesnika koji dulje vrijeme uzimaju lijek. Generalizirani anksiozni poremećaj Preporučena doza je 20 mg paroksetina na dan. Bolesnicima koji ne odgovaraju na terapiju od 20 mg paroksetina na dan doza se postupno povećava za po 10 mg, u skladu s terapijskim učinkom lijeka, do maksimalne doze od 50 mg paroksetina na dan. Liječnik treba ponovno ocijeniti korisnost primjene kod bolesnika koji dulje vrijeme uzimaju lijek. Prestanak primjene paroksetina Kao i kod drugih psihoaktivnih lijekova, općenito treba izbjegavati nagli prestanak primjene. U nedavno provedenim kliničkim ispitivanjima kod odraslih i djece primijenjen je režim postupnog smanjivanja doze za po 10 mg paroksetina na dan u tjednim razmacima. Kada se dostigne doza paroksetina od 20 mg paroksetina na dan, bolesnik treba nastaviti uzimati lijek u toj dozi tijekom jednog tjedna prije potpunog prestanka terapije. Ukoliko se tijekom smanjivanja ili nakon prestanka terapije pojave simptomi koje bolesnik teško podnosi, treba razmotriti ponovnu primjenu prethodno propisane doze. Nakon toga liječnik može nastaviti smanjivati dozu, ali u još duljim vremenskim razmacima. Djeca i adolescenti (do 18 godina) Paroksetin nije namijenjen za liječenje djece i adolescenata mlađih od 18 godina. Primjena paroksetina u djece mlađe od 7 godina nije ispitivana. Stariji bolesnici U starijih bolesnika dolazi do povećanja koncentracije paroksetina u plazmi, ali raspon koncentracija poklapa se s onim u mlađih bolesnika. Liječenje treba početi s početnom dozom SEROXATA za odrasle koja se može povećavati do maksimalne doze od 40 mg paroksetina na dan. Bolesnici s poremećenom funkcijom bubrega / jetre U plazmi bolesnika s teško poremećenom funkcijom bubrega (klirens kreatinina manji od 30 ml/min) ili jetre javljaju se povećane koncentracije paroksetina. Stoga dozu SEROXATA treba svesti na donju granicu preporučenog raspona doziranja. Predoziranje Prema dostupnim podacima o predoziranju paroksetinom, očit je njegov povoljan profil neškodljivosti. Simptomi predoziranja paroksetinom uključuju, osim simptoma opisanih u poglavlju NUSPOJAVE, povraćanje, proširene zjenice, povišenu temperaturu, promjene krvnog tlaka, glavobolju, nevoljne mišićne kontrakcije, nemir, anksioznost i tahikardiju. Oporavak obično prolazi bez ozbiljnih posljedica čak i u slučaju uzimanja do 2000 mg paroksetina (bez kombinacije s drugim lijekovima). Stanje kome ili promjene u EKG-u su rijetko zabilježeni. Vrlo rijetko je zabilježen smrtni ishod, obično ako je paroksetin uziman istodobno s drugim psihotropnim lijekovima, sa ili bez alkohola. Nije poznat nikakav specifični antidot. Liječenje bi trebalo obuhvaćati općenite mjere koje se primjenjuju u liječenju predoziranja bilo kojim antidepresivom. Ako je moguće, treba isprazniti želudac izazivanjem povraćanja, ispiranjem, ili na oba načina. Nakon pražnjenja, može se dati 20 do 30 grama aktivnog ugljena svakih 4 do 6 sati tijekom prva 24 sata nakon uzimanja lijeka. Preporuča se dodatna njega s čestim kontrolama vitalnih funkcija i pažljivim promatranjem. Mjere opreza Liječenje SEROXATOM može se oprezno započeti 2 tjedna nakon završetka liječenja ireverzibilnim MAO inhibitorima odnosno najmanje jedan dan nakon završetka liječenja reverzibilnim MAO inhibitorom. Dozu SEROXATA treba postupno povećavati do postizanja optimalnog odgovora. Mogućnost pokušaja samoubojstva predstavlja nerazdvojni dio velikog depresivnog poremećaja i može biti prisutna sve do postignuća značajnije remisije. Budući da do poboljšanja ne mora doći tijekom prvih nekoliko tjedana liječenja ili više, bolesnike treba strogo nadzirati tijekom liječenja i pratiti do nastupa poboljšanja. Ostala psihijatrijska stanja za koja se paroksetin propisuje, također mogu biti povezana s povećanim rizikom suicidalnog ponašanja. Mjere opreza koje se poduzimaju prilikom liječenja bolesnika s velikim depresivnim poremećajem treba poduzimati i kod liječenja bolesnika s ostalim duševnim poremećajima. U bolesnika u kojih su i prije početka liječenja zabilježena suicidalna ponašanja ili misli, odnosno u bolesnika s izraženim suicidalnim idejama te u mlađih bolesnika (u dobi 18 – 29 godina) postoji povećani rizik pojave suicidalnih misli i pokušaja samoubojstva te ih je potrebno strogo nadzirati tijekom liječenja. Bolesnike (i osobe koje o njima brinu) treba uputiti u potrebu praćenja pojavljivanja suicidalnih misli/ponašanja ili razmišljanja o samoozljeđivanju kako bi na vrijeme zatražili stručnu pomoć. Rijetko su tijekom liječenja paroksetinom, i obično ukoliko se primjenjivao istodobno s drugim serotoninergičkim i/ili neuroleptičkim lijekovima, zabilježeni slučajevi serotoninskog sindroma ili sindroma nalik neuroleptičkom malignom sindromu. U tim slučajevima, liječenje SEROXATOM treba odmah prekinuti te započeti sa simptomatskim liječenjem. U bolesnika sa srčanim smetnjama treba se držati uobičajenih mjera opreza. U bolesnika sa šećernom bolesti terapija inhibitorima ponovne pohrane serotonina može utjecati na kontrolu glikemije, stoga može biti potrebna prilagodba doze inzulina i/ili oralnih hipoglikemika. Kao i sve antidepresive, SEROXAT treba primjenjivati s oprezom u bolesnika s epilepsijom. U slučaju pojave epileptičkih napadaja liječenje SEROXATOM treba odmah prekinuti. SEROXAT nije namijenjen za liječenje depresivne epizode u sklopu bipolarnog afektivnog poremećaja. Kao i sve antidepresive, SEROXAT treba primjenjivati s oprezom u bolesnika u kojih je ranije dijagnosticirana manija. Prilikom primjene paroksetina zabilježeni su slučajevi krvarenja u koži (ekhimoze i purpura) i sluznicama (uključujući gastrointestinalno krvarenje). Stoga je nužan oprez pri primjeni SEROXATA kod bolesnika koji istodobno uzimaju lijekove koji povećavaju rizik krvarenja (npr. atipični antipsihotici i fenotijazini, većina tricikličkih antidepresiva, aspirin i nesteroidni protuupalni lijekovi), kao i kod bolesnika s poznatom sklonošću krvarenju ili s predisponirajućim stanjima te kod starijih bolesnika. Kao i ostale selektivne inhibitore ponovne pohrane serotonina, SEROXAT treba s oprezom primjenjivati u bolesnika s glaukomom uskog kuta. Hiponatremija je zabilježena rijetko, uglavnom u starijih osoba. Hiponatremija se obično povlači po prestanku uzimanja SEROXATA. Kontraindikacije SEROXAT se ne smije primjenjivati u bolesnika koji su preosjetljivi na paroksetin ili neki od pomoćnih sastojaka lijeka. SEROXAT se ne smije primjenjivati istodobno s inhibitorima monoaminooksidaze (MAO inhibitorima). Liječenje paroksetinom ne smije započeti unutar 2 tjedna od završetka liječenja ireverzibilnim MAO inhibitorima odnosno najmanje jedan dan nakon završetka liječenja reverzibilnim MAO inhibitorom, moklobemidom. Isto tako, liječenje MAO inhibitorima ne smije započeti unutar 2 tjedna od završetka liječenja paroksetinom (vidi INTERAKCIJE). SEROXAT se ne smije primjenjivati u kombinaciji s tioridazinom (vidi INTERAKCIJE). SEROXAT se ne smije primjenjivati istodobno s pimozidom. Trudnoća SEROXAT se ne smije primjenjivati u trudnica, osim ako prema procjeni liječnika, moguća korist za trudnicu prevladava moguće rizike za plod. Žene koje planiraju trudnoću ili koje zatrudne tijekom liječenja SEROXATOM trebaju se savjetovati sa svojim liječnikom. Nagli prekid primjene SEROXATA tijekom trudnoće treba izbjegavati. Dojenje Poznato je da se male količine paroksetina izlučuju u majčino mlijeko. Učinci paroksetina na dojenče nisu utvrđeni. Stoga se SEROXAT ne smije primjenjivati u dojilja, osim ako očekivana korist za majku prevladava mogući rizik za dojenče. Upravljanje vozilima i strojevima Kliničko iskustvo pokazalo je da liječenje paroksetinom nije povezano s poremećajem kognitivnih ni psihomotoričkih funkcija. Međutim, kao i kod svih psihoaktivnih lijekova, bolesnicima treba savjetovati oprez pri upravljanju vozilom ili strojevima. Djeca i adolescenti (do 18 godina) Liječenje antidepresivima je povezano s povećanim rizikom pojave suicidalnih misli i suicidalnog ponašanja u djece i adolescenata s velikom depresivnom epizodom kao i drugim duševnim poremećajima. Kontrolirana klinička ispitivanja nisu dokazala djelotvornost i dugotrajnu neškodljivost paroksetina te ne podupiru primjenu paroksetina u liječenju teške depresivne epizode kod djece i adolescenata do 18 godina. Djeca (mlađa od 7 godina) Učinkovitost i neškodljivost primjene paroksetina u djece mlađe od 7 godina nije ispitivana. Nuspojave Pri kontinuiranoj primjeni učestalost i intenzitet nekih od dolje navedenih nuspojava može se smanjiti te u većini slučajeva terapiju nije potrebno prekidati. Vrlo učestalo (>1/10) zabilježene nuspojave povezane s primjenom paroksetina bile su: - mučnina - seksualna disfunkcija Učestalo (1/100 – 1/10) su zabilježene: - pospanost, zijevanje - znojenje - tremor - astenija - povećanje tjelesne mase - suha usta - nesanica - omaglica, zamućenje vida - opstipacija - proljev - smanjeni apetit/anoreksija. Neučestalo (1/1000 – 1/100) su se javljala abnormalna krvarenja (uglavnom na koži i sluznicama): - zbunjenost - halucinacije - ekstrapiramidni poremećaji - sinusna tahikardija - osip, svrbež - retencija mokraće Rijetko (1/10000 – 1/100) su zabilježene sljedeće nuspojave: - hiponatrijemija - manične reakcije - uznemirenost - depersonalizacija - napadaji panike - akatizija - konvulzije - bradikardija - trombocitopenija - hiperprolaktinemija/galaktoreja Vrlo rijetko (manje od 1/10000) su zabilježene sljedeće nuspojave: - alergijske reakcije - sindrom neadekvatnog lučenja antidiuretskog hormona - serotoninski sindrom - akutni glaukom - gastroinestinalno krvarenje - periferni edemi - prijapizam - fotosenzitivne reakcije - poremećaji funkcije jetre - artralgija - mijalgija Zabilježene su i povišene vrijednosti jetrenih enzima. Treba razmotriti prekid terapije paroksetinom u slučaju dugotrajnije povišenih vrijednosti jetrenih enzima. Simptomi povezani s prestankom primjene paroksetina u odraslih Nagli prekid primjene često može izazvati pojavu sljedećih simptoma: - vrtoglavicu, poremećaje osjeta, poremećaje spavanja, tjeskobu, glavobolju. Neučestalo se mogu javiti: - uznemirenost, mučnina, znojenje, tremor, zbunjenost, proljev. U većine bolesnika opisane nuspojave su uglavnom bile blage do umjereno teške naravi te su prestale same od sebe. Međutim u nekih bolesnika mogu biti ozbiljne i/ili produljenog trajanja. Stoga se, u slučaju da primjena paroksetina više nije potrebna, preporuča prekid terapije uz postupno smanjivanje doze. Nuspojave zabilježene u kliničkim ispitivanjima u djece i adolescenata U kratkotrajnim kliničkim ispitivanjima u djece i adolescenata zabilježene su sljedeće nuspojave koje su se javljale u najmanje 2% bolesnika s najmanje dvostruko većom učestalošću u odnosu na placebo: - emocionalna labilnost (uključujući suicidalne misli, pokušaje samoubojstva, plačljivost i promjene raspoloženja), neprijateljsko ponašanje, smanjeni apetit, tremor, znojenje, hiperkinezija i uznemirenost. Suicidalne misli i pokušaji samoubojstva bili su uglavnom zabilježeni u kliničkim ispitivanjima u adolescenata s velikim depresivnim poremećajem. Pojačano neprijateljsko ponašanje obično se pojavljivalo u djece, najčešće mlađe od 12 godina, s opsesivnim kompulzivnim poremećajem. Simptomi povezani sa prestankom primjene paroksetina u djece i adolescenata. Po prestanku primjene paroksetina u djece i adolescenata češće su zabilježeni sljedeći simptomi: - emocionalna labilnost (uključujući suicidalne misli, pokušaje samoubojstva, promjene raspoloženja i plačljivost), nervoza, omaglice, mučnina i bol u trbuhu. U slučaju nuspojave treba se obratiti liječniku ili ljekarniku! Interakcije Ne preporuča se istodobno uzimanje SEROXATA i alkohola. Istodobna primjena paroksetina i serotoninergičkih lijekova (npr. MAO inhibitora, L-triptofana, triptana, tramadola, linezolida, inhibitora ponovne pohrane serotonina, litija i pripravaka gospine trave – Hypericum perforatum) može dovesti do povećanja pojave učinaka povezanih sa serotoninom. Na metabolizam i farmakokinetiku paroksetina mogu utjecati lijekovi koji induciraju ili inhibiraju jetrene enzime. Ako se paroksetin treba primjenjivati zajedno s nekim poznatim inhibitorom jetrenih enzima, treba razmotriti doziranje na donjoj granici raspona. Nije potrebno početno prilagođavanje doze ako će se lijek primjenjivati zajedno s nekim poznatim induktorom jetrenih enzima (kao npr. karbamazepinom, rifampicinom, fenobarbitonom i fenitoinom). Istodobna primjena paroksetina i antikonvulziva (karbamazepin, natrij-valproat i fenitoin) u bolesnika s epilepsijom ne utječe na njihov farmakokinetički/farmakodinamički profil. Svakodnevna primjena paroksetina značajno povisuje plazmatske razine prociklidina. Kao i ostali antidepresivi, uključujući i druge inhibitore ponovne pohrane serotonina, paroksetin inhibira jetreni enzim CYP2D6 što može dovesti do povećanih koncentracija u plazmi istodobno primijenjenih lijekova. To su neki triciklički antidepresivi (npr. imipramin, nortriptilin i dezipramin), fenotijazinski neuroleptici (npr. perfenazin i tioridazin), risperidon, atomoksetin, određeni antiaritmici iz skupine 1c (npr. propafenon i flekainid) i metoprolol (posebno u bolesnika sa zatajivanjem srca). Istodobna primjena paroksetina i oralnih antikoagulansa može dovesti do povećanja antikoagulantne aktivnosti i povećanja rizika krvarenja. Stoga, paroksetin treba primjenjivati s oprezom u bolesnika na terapiji oralnim antikoagulansima. Potreban je oprez prilikom istodobne primjene inhibitora ponovne pohrane serotonina i oralnih antikoagulansa te ostalih lijekova koji utječu na funkciju trombocita ili povećavaju rizik krvarenja (npr. atipični antipsihotici kao što je klozapin, fenotijazini, većina tricikličkih antidepresiva, acetilsalicilna kiselina, nesteroidni antireumatici, COX-2 inhibitori) kao i u bolesnika s prethodnim poremećajima zgrušavanja ili sklonosti krvarenju. Napomene IME I ADRESA NOSITELJA ODOBRENJA BELUPO lijekovi i kozmetika d.d., Ulica Danica 5, 48000 Koprivnica,Hrvatska IME I ADRESA PROIZVOĐAČA BELUPO lijekovi i kozmetika d.d.,Ulica Danica 5, 48000 Koprivnica, Hrvatska u suradnji s GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, Velika Britanija. Amantilla Relax Značajno ublažava stres i tjeskobu. Tensilen Prirodno rješenje za stres, umor i iscrpljenost.