http___www.krenizdravo.com_korisno_upute_ketonal-forte-100-mg-tablete_2.xml
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Seractil 300mg Film-Coated Tablets Last Updated on eMC 25-Sep-2014 View changes | Genus Pharmaceuticals Contact details Name of the medicinal product Qualitative and quantitative composition Pharmaceutical form Clinical particulars - 4.1 Therapeutic indications - 4.2 Posology and method of administration - 4.3 Contraindications - 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use - 4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction - 4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation - 4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines - 4.8 Undesirable effects - 4.9 Overdose Pharmacological properties - 5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties - 5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties - 5.3 Preclinical safety data Pharmaceutical particulars - 6.1 List of excipients - 6.2 Incompatibilities - 6.3 Shelf life - 6.4 Special precautions for storage - 6.5 Nature and contents of container - 6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling Marketing authorisation holder Marketing authorisation number(s) Date of first authorisation/renewal of the authorisation Date of revision of the text PosologyThe dosage should be adjusted to the severity of the disorder and the complaints of the patient. Undesirable effects may be minimised by using the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration necessary to control symptoms (see section 4.4). The maximum single dose is 400mg, the maximum daily dose is 1200mg dexibuprofen. For individual dosage film-coated tablets with 300 and 400mg dexibuprofen are available. The 400mg tablets can be divided into equal halves. OsteoarthritisThe recommended dose is 600 to 900mg dexibuprofen daily, divided in up to three single doses, for example 400mg twice a day or 300mg two to three times a day. The dose may be increased up to 1200mg dexibuprofen per day in patients with acute conditions or exacerbations. DysmenorrhoeaThe recommended dose is 600 to 900mg dexibuprofen daily, divided in up to three single doses, for example 400mg twice a day or 300mg two to three times a day. Mild to moderate painThe recommended dose is 600mg dexibuprofen daily, divided in up to three single doses. If clearly needed in patients with acute pain conditions (e.g. in surgical extraction of teeth) the dose may be transiently increased up to 1200mg dexibuprofen per day. Children and adolescentsDexibuprofen has not been studied in children and adolescents (< 18 years): Safety and efficacy have not been established and therefore it is not recommended in these age groups. ElderlyNo special dosage modifications are required in the elderly. However, individual dose reduction and assessment has to be considered due to increased susceptibility to GI adverse reactions in the elderly (see section 4.4). Hepatic dysfunctionPatients with mild to moderate hepatic dysfunction should start therapy at reduced doses and be closely monitored. Renal dysfunctionThe initial dose should be reduced in patients with mild to moderate impaired renal function. Method of administrationThe film-coated tablets can be taken with or without a meal (see section 5.2). In general NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are preferably taken with a meal to reduce gastrointestinal irritation, particularly during chronic use. However, a later onset of action in some patients may be anticipated when the tablets are taken with or directly after a meal. Gastrointestinal risksThe elderly have an increased frequency of adverse reactions to NSAIDs especially gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation which may be fatal (see section 4.2). Gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration and perforation, which can be fatal, has been reported with all NSAIDs at anytime during treatment, with or without warning symptoms or a previous history of serious GI events. The risk of GI bleeding, ulceration or perforation is higher with increasing NSAID dose, in patients with a history of ulcers, particularly if complicated with haemorrhage or perforation (see section 4.3), alcoholism and in the elderly. These patients should commence treatment on the lowest dose available. Combination therapy with protective agents (e.g. misoprostol or proton pump inhibitors) should be considered for these patients, and also for patients requiring concomitant low dose acetylsalicylic acid, or other drugs likely to increase gastrointestinal risk (see below and section 4.5). Patients with a history of GI toxicity particularly when elderly should report any abdominal symptoms (especially GI bleeding) particularly in the initial stages of treatment. Caution should be advised in patients receiving concomitant medication which could increase the risk of ulceration or bleeding, such as oral corticosteroids, anticoagulants such as warfarin, selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors or anti-platelet agents such as acetylsalicylic acid (see section 4.5). When GI bleeding or ulceration occurs in patients receiving Seractil, the treatment should be withdrawn.NSAIDs should be given with care to patients with a history of gastrointestinal disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease) as their condition may be exacerbated (see section 4.8). HypersensitivityAs with other NSAIDs, allergic reactions, including anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions, can also occur without earlier exposure to the drug. Caution is required in patients suffering from, or with a previous history of, bronchial asthma since NSAIDs can cause bronchospasm in such patients (see section 4.3). Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effectsAppropriate monitoring and advice are required for patients with a history of hypertension and/or mild to moderate congestive heart failure as fluid retention and oedema have been reported in association with NSAID therapy. Clinical trial and epidemiological data suggest that use of ibuprofen, particularly at a high dose (2400 mg daily) and in long term treatment may be associated with a small increased risk of arterial thrombotic events (for example myocardial infarction or stroke). Overall, epidemiological studies do not suggest that low dose ibuprofen (e.g. ≤ 1200 mg daily) is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. There are insufficient data to exclude such a risk for dexibuprofen. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension, congestive heart failure, established ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or cerebrovascular disease should only be treated with ibuprofen after careful consideration. Similar consideration should be made before initiating longer-term treatment of patients with risk factors for cardiovascular events (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking). Renal and hepatic effectsCaution is required in patients suffering hepatic and renal disease; the risk of fluid retention, oedema and a deterioration in renal function must be taken into account. If used in these patients, the dose of dexibuprofen should be kept as low as possible and renal function should be regularly monitored. As with other NSAIDs, dexibuprofen can be associated with adverse effects on the renal system, which can lead to glomerular nephritis, interstitial nephritis, renal papillary necrosis, nephrotic syndrome and acute renal failure (see section 4.2, 4.3 and 4.5). As with all NSAIDs, dexibuprofen can increase plasma urea nitrogen and creatinine. As with other NSAIDs, dexibuprofen can cause transient small increases in some liver parameters, and also significant increases in SGOT and SGPT. In case of a relevant increase in such parameters, therapy must be discontinued (see section 4.2 and 4.3). In general the habitual use of analgesics, especially the combination of different analgesic drug substances, can lead to lasting renal lesions with the risk of renal failure (analgesic nephropathy). Thus combinations with ibuprofen or other NSAIDs (including OTC products and selective COX-2 inhibtors) should be avoided. Reactions of the skinSerious skin reactions, some of them fatal, including dermatitis exfoliative, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, have been reported very rarely in association with the use of NSAIDs (see section 4.8). Patients appear to be at highest risk of these reactions early in the course of therapy, the onset of the reaction occurring in the majority of cases within the first month of treatment. Dexibuprofen should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity. CoagulationIn common with other NSAIDs dexibuprofen may reversibly inhibit platelet aggregation and function and prolong bleeding time. Caution should be exercised in patients with haemorrhagic diathesis and other coagulation disorders and when dexibuprofen is given concurrently with oral anticoagulants (see section 4.5). Data from preclinical studies suggest that inhibition of platelet aggregation by low-dose acetylsalicylic acid may be impaired if NSAIDs such as dexibuprofen are administered concurrently. This interaction could reduce the cardiovascular-protective effect. Therefore if concomitant administration of low dose acetylsalicylic acid is indicated special precaution is required if duration of treatment exceeds short term use (see section 4.5 and 5.1). Additional warnings and precautions for useIf taken for acute pain conditions when a quick relief of pain is required some patients might experience a later onset of action due to the time to reach maximum blood levels and its prolongation after food intake (see also section 5.2). Patients receiving long-term treatment with dexibuprofen should be monitored as a precautionary measure (renal, hepatic functions and haematologic function/blood counts). Dexibuprofen should only be given with care to patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease, because such patients may be predisposed to NSAID-induced renal and CNS side effects, including aseptic meningitis (see section 4.8).NSAIDs may mask the symptoms of infections. Exceptionally, varicella can be at the origin of serious cutaneous and soft tissues infectious complications. To date, the contributing role of NSAIDs in the worsening of these infections cannot be ruled out. Thus, it is advisable to avoid use of Dexibuprofen in case of varicella. During long-term, high dose, off-label treatment with analgesics, headaches can occur which must not be treated with higher doses of the medicinal product. Drugs known to inhibit cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin synthesis may impair fertility reversibly and are not recommended in women attempting to conceive. In women who have difficulties conceiving or who are undergoing investigation of infertility, withdrawal of dexibuprofen should be considered (see section 4.6). Concomitant use not recommended:Anticoagulants: NSAIDs may enhance the effect of anti-coagulants, such as warfarin (see section 4.4). Blood coagulation tests (INR, bleeding time) should be performed during the initiation of dexibuprofen treatment and the dosage of the anticoagulant should be adjusted if necessary. Methotrexate used at doses of 15 mg/week or more: If NSAIDs and methotrexate are given within 24 hours of each other plasma levels of methotrexate may increase, via a reduction in its renal clearance thus increasing the potential for methotrexate toxicity. Therefore, in patients receiving high-dose treatment with methotrexate, the concomitant use of dexibuprofen is not recommended (see section 4.4). Lithium: NSAIDs can increase the plasma levels of lithium, by reducing its renal clearance. The combination is not recommended (see section 4.4). Frequent lithium monitoring should be performed if the combination proves necessary. The possibility of reducing the dose of lithium should be considered. Other NSAIDs and salicylates (acetylsalicylic acid at doses above those used as antiplatelet treatment, approximately 100 mg/day): The concomitant use with other NSAIDs including cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors should be avoided, since simultaneous administration of different NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulceration and haemorrhage (see section 4.4). Precautions: Acetylsalicylic acid:Concomitant administration may impair inhibition of platelet aggregation by low-dose acetylsalicylic acid through competitive inhibition of the acetylation site of cyclooxygenase in the platelet (see section 4.4 and 5.1). Antihypertensives: NSAIDs may reduce the efficacy of beta-blockers, possibly due to inhibition of the formation of vasodilatory prostaglandins. The concomitant use of NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors or angiotensin-II receptor antagonists may be associated with an increased risk of acute renal failure, especially in patients with pre-existing impairment of renal function. When given to the elderly and/or dehydrated patients, such a combination can lead to acute renal failure by acting directly on glomerular filtration. At the beginning of the treatment, a careful monitoring of renal function is recommended. Furthermore, chronic administration of NSAIDs can theoretically reduce the antihypertensive effect of angiotensin-II receptor antagonists, as reported with ACE inhibitors. Therefore, caution is required when using such a combination and at the start of treatment, renal function should be carefully monitored (and patients should be encouraged to maintain adequate fluid intake). Ciclosporin, tacrolimus, sirolimus and aminoglycoside antibiotics: Concomitant administration with NSAIDs may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity on account of reduced synthesis of prostaglandins in the kidney. During combination treatment renal function must be closely monitored, especially in the elderly. Corticosteroids: Increased risk of gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding (see section 4.4)Digoxin : NSAIDs can increase the plasma levels of digoxin and increase the risk of digoxin toxicity. Methotrexate used at doses lower than 15 mg/week : Dexibuprofen may increase methotrexate levels. If dexibuprofen is used in combination with low doses of methotrexate, then the patient's blood count should be monitored carefully, particularly during the first weeks of coadministration. An increased surveillance is required in the presence of even mildly impaired renal function, notably in the elderly, and renal function should be monitored to anticipate any reductions in the clearance of methotrexate. Phenytoin: Some NSAIDs may displace phenytoin from protein-binding sites, possibly leading to increased phenytoin serum levels and toxicity. Although clinical evidence for this interaction is limited, phenytoin dosage adjustment, based on monitoring of plasma concentrations and/or observed signs of toxicity, is recommended. Phenytoin, phenobarbital and rifampicin: Concomitant administration of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 inducing agents may lower the effects of dexibuprofen. Anti-platelet agents and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs):Increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Thiazides, thiazide-related substances, loop diuretics and potassium-sparing diuretics:Concurrent use of an NSAID and a diuretic may increase the risk of renal failure secondary to a reduction in renal blood flow. Drugs increasing potassium plasma levels:NSAIDs have been reported to increase serum potassium levels. Therefore, caution is required during concomitant treatment with other drugs that increase potassium plasma levels (such as potassium sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-II receptor antagonists, immunosuppressants like cyclosporin or tacrolimus, trimethoprim and heparins) and serum potassium levels should be monitored. Thrombolytics, ticlopidine and other antiplatelet agents:Dexibuprofen inhibits platelet aggregation via inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase. Therefore, caution is required when dexibuprofen is combined with thrombolytics, ticlopidine and other antiplatelet agents, because of the risk of increased antiplatelet effect. Oral anti-diabetic drugs:Concomitant use of an NSAID and sulphonylurea may cause fluctuations in blood glucose level. Therefore, appropriate monitoring may be required. Zidovudine (Azidothymidine):Concomitant use of NSAIDs and zidovudine has been reported to increase the risk of haemarthrosis and haematoma in patients with haemophilia. Pemetrexed:High doses of NSAIDs may increase the concentration of pemetrexed. In patients with impaired renal function, concomitant use of NSAIDs at high doses should be avoided two days before and two days after pemetrexed administration. Alcohol:Excessive alcohol consumption during NSAID-therapy may increase gastro-intestinal adverse effects. Pregnancy:Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis may adversely affect the pregnancy and/or the embryo/fetal development. Data from epidemiological studies suggest an increased risk of miscarriage, cardiac malformation and gastroschisis after use of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor in early pregnancy. The absolute risk for cardiovascular malformation was increased from less than 1%, up to approximately 1.5%. The risk is believed to increase with dose and duration of therapy. In animals, administration of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor has been shown to result in increased pre- and postimplantation loss and embryo-fetal lethality. In addition, increased incidences of various malformations, including cardiovascular, have been reported in animals given a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor during the organogenetic period (see section 5.3). During the first and second trimester of pregnancy NSAIDs should not be given unless clearly necessary. If NSAIDs are used during the first and second trimester of pregnancy, the dose should be kept as low and duration of treatment as short as possible. During the third trimester of pregnancy, all prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors may expose the fetus to: - cardiopulmonary toxicity (with premature closure of the ductus arteriosus and pulmonary hypertension),- renal dysfunction, which may progress to renal failure with oligo-hydroamniosis, and may expose the mother and the neonate, at the end of pregnancy, to: Therefore, from the beginning of the 6th month of pregnancy onward dexibuprofen is contraindicated. Lactation:Ibuprofen is slightly excreted in human milk. Breast-feeding is possible with dexibuprofen if dosage is low and the treatment period is short. Fertility:NSAIDs may impair fertility reversibly and are not recommended in women attempting to conceive (see section 4.4). Infections and infestationVery rare: Infection related inflammation may be aggravated (necrotising fascitis). Blood and lymphatic system disordersBleeding time could be prolonged. Rare: Cases of blood disorders including thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, granulocytopenia, pancytopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia or haemolytic anaemia. Immune system disordersUncommon: Purpura (including allergic purpura), angiooedema. Rare: Anaphylactic reaction. Very rare: Generalized hypersensitivity reactions, including symptoms like fever with rash, abdominal pain, headache, nausea and vomiting, signs of liver injury, even aseptic meningitis. In the majority of cases in which aseptic meningitis has been reported with ibuprofen, some form of underlying auto-immune disease (such as systemic lupus erythematosus or other collagen diseases) was present as a risk factor. In the case of a severe generalized hypersensitivity reaction swelling of face, tongue and larynx, bronchospasm, asthma, tachycardia, hypotension and shock can occur. Psychiatric disordersUncommon: Anxiety. Rare: Psychotic reaction, depression, irritability. Nervous system disordersCommon: Drowsiness, headache, dizziness, vertigo. Uncommon: Insomnia, restlessness. Rare: Disorientation, confusion, agitation. Very rare: Aseptic meningitis (see immune system disorders). Eye disordersUncommon: Visual disturbances. Rare: Reversible toxic amblyopia. Ear and labyrinth disordersUncommon: Tinnitus. Rare: Impaired hearing. Gastrointestinal disordersVery common: Dyspepsia, abdominal pain. Common: Diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting. Uncommon: Gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding, gastritis, ulcerative stomatitis, melaena. Rare: Gastrointestinal perforation, flatulence, constipation, esophagitis, esophageal strictures, exacerbation of diverticular disease, unspecific haemorrhagic colitis, ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. If gastrointestinal blood loss occurs, this may cause anaemia and haematemesis. Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersCommon: Rash. Uncommon: Urticaria, pruritus. Very rare: Erythema multiforme, epidermal necrolysis, systemic lupus erythematosus, alopecia, photosensitivity reactions, bullous reactions including Stevens-Johnson-Syndrome, acute toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell-Syndrome) and allergic vasculitis. Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersUncommon: Rhinitis, bronchospasm. Renal and urinary disorderVery rare: Interstitial nephritis, nephrotic syndrome or renal failure. Hepatobilary disordersRare: Abnormal liver function, hepatitis and jaundice. General disordersCommon: Fatigue. Fluid retention, patients with hypertension or renal impairment seem to be predisposed. Oedema, hypertension, and cardiac failure, have been reported in association with NSAID treatment. Clinical trial and epidemiological data suggest that use of ibuprofen, particularly at high dose (2400 mg daily), and in long term treatment may be associated with a small increased risk of arterial thrombotic events (for example myocardial infarction or stroke) (see section 4.4). AbsorptionFollowing oral administration dexibuprofen is well absorbed primarily from the small intestine. Maximum plasma levels are reached about 2 hours after oral administration, similar to conventional ibuprofen-preparations. However, preparations of ibuprofen are available where the absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is more rapid resulting in peak plasma concentrations occurring within one hour after administration (e.g. ibuprofen-sodium). But a direct correlation between 'time to reach peak plasma concentration' and 'time to onset of clinical effectiveness' has not been consistently evidenced so far, neither for ibuprofen nor dexibuprofen. In addition, data on 'time to onset of clinical effectiveness' of various ibuprofen formulations are considered inconsistent. DistributionThe plasma protein binding of dexibuprofen is about 99 %. Metabolism and eliminationAfter metabolic transformation in the liver (hydroxylation, carboxylation), the pharmacologically inactive metabolites are completely excreted, mainly by the kidneys (90%), but also in the bile. The elimination half-life is 1.8 3.5 hours. Food intakeThe administration of 400 mg dexibuprofen with a high fat meal delays the time to reach maximum concentrations (from 2.1 hours after fasting conditions to 2.8 hours after a high fat meal) and decreases the maximum plasma concentrations (from 20.6 to 18.1 µg/ml, which is of no clinical relevance), but has no effect on the extent of absorption. Patients with impaired renal and hepatic functionPharmacokinetic studies with ibuprofen in patients with renal failure suggest a dosage reduction in these patients. Caution is also required due to inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis (see section 4.2 and 4.4). Elimination of dexibuprofen is slightly lower in patients with liver cirrhosis. Genus Pharmaceuticals Linthwaite, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, HD7 5QH, UK Before you contact this company: often several companies will market medicines with the same active ingredient. Please check that this is the correct company before contacting them. Why? Active ingredients Legal categories This site uses cookies. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our policy on the use of cookies. Continue
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SASTAV 1 filmom obložena tableta sadržava 100 mg ketoprofena. Pomoćne tvari: Jezgra: kukuruzni škrob, laktoza monohldrat Ovojnica: hipromeloza, plava boja indigotin (E132), titan-dioksid (E171). FARMACEUTSKI OBLIK I SADRŽAJ PAKIRANJA filmom obložene tablete (svjetlo plave, okrugle, bikonveksne tablete) FARMAKOTERAPIJSKA SKUPINA nesteroidni protuupalni pripravci, ketoprofen IME I ADRESA PROIZVOĐAČA Lek farmacevtska družba, d. d., Verovškova 57, Ljubljana, Slovenija. Način i mjesto izdavanja lijeka Lijek se izdaje na recept, u ljekarni. TERAPIJSKE INDIKACIJE Ketoprofen pripada skupini protuupalnih lijekova koja se zove nesteroidni antireumatici (NSAR). Namijenjen je za otklanjanje i ublažavanje boli kod nekih bolnih sindroma i za liječenje upalnih, degenerativnih i metaboličkih reumatskih bolesti. Indikacije za uporabu tableta Ketonal forte su: Bol - posttraumatska bol (bol nakon ozljeda) - postoperativna bol - bolne mjesečnice - bol kod koštanih metastaza u bolesnika s neoplazmom Reumatske bolesti - reumatoidni artritis - seronegativni spondilartritis (ankilozantni spondilitis, psorijatični artritis, reaktivni artritis) giht, pseudogiht - artroza - izvanzglobni reumatizam (tendinitis, burzitis, upala ovojnice ramenog zgloba) KONTRAINDIKACIJE Primjena tableta Ketonal forte kontraindicirana je u bolesnika: - koji su preosjetljivi na ketoprofen ili na druge sastojke lijeka - koji su imali napadaje astme, urtikariju 111 reakcije preosjetljivosti nakon primjene - ketoprofena ili drugih nesteroidnih antireumatika ili salicilata (lijekovi za ublažavanje boli i snižavanje povišene temperature) - koji imaju teže oštećenje funkcije srca - za ublažavanje boli kod ugradnje premosnice (bypass) - koji imaju kroničnu dispepsiju (nelagoda i bol u gornjem dijelu trbušne šupljine) koji imaju aktivni ulkus želuca (čir na želucu) i dvanaesnika - koji su u prošlosti imali krvarenja iz probavnog sustava, ulceracije (čirevi želuca crijeva) ili perforacije (prsnuća stijenke želuca ili crijeva) - koji su imali krvarenja iz probavnog sustava, cerebrovaskularna (krvarenja u mozgu) druga krvarenja - sa sklonošću krvarenjima - koji imaju teško poremećenu funkciju bubrega ili jetre - koji imaju astmu ili rinitis (upala nosne sluznice). Primjena tableta Ketonal forte kontraindicirana je tijekom zadnja tri mjeseca trudnoće i u djece mlade od 15 godina starosti. Posavjetujte se s liječnikom ako niste sigurni da 11 smijete primjenjivati tablete Ketonal forte. ODGOVARAJUĆE MJERE OPREZA PRI UPORABI Molimo da pažljivo pročitate ovu uputu prije nego što primijenite lijek, čak i ako ste ga već koristili. Prije početka liječenja tabletama Ketonal forte svoga liječnika morate upoznati sa svim zdravstvenim tegobama koje ste imali iii ih imate kao i o tome da 11 ste na nešto alergični. Neželjeni učinci mogu se umanjiti primjenom najmanje učinkovite doze kroz najkraće moguće vrijeme. Potrebno je izbjegavati istovremenu uporabu Ketonala s drugim nesteroidnim protuupalnim lijekovima, uključujući selektivne inhibitore ciklooksigenaze. U starijih osoba postoji veća učestalost nuspojava, osobito krvarenja i perforacija (prsnuća) u probavnom sustavu, koje mogu imati smrtni ishod. Bolesnicima s poremećajima u probavnom sustavu preporučuje se poseban oprez kada se primjenjuju nesteroidni protuupalni tijekovi. Iznenadna prsnuća i k rvarenja mogu se javiti bez ikakvih znakova upozorenja. Takvi bolesnici bi trebali započeti liječenje s najnižom mogućom dozom. Ukoliko tijekom primjene Ketonala nastane krvarenje, stvaranje čira ili prsnuće u probavnom sustavu, bolesnik treba odmah prekinuti primjenu lijeka i o tome obavijestiti liječnika. Oprez je potreban u bolesnika koji istodobno primjenjuju druge lijekove koji mogu povećati rizik od nastanka čira ili krvarenja u probavnom sustavu, kao što su peroralni kortikosteroidi (hormoni nadbubrežne žlijezde), antikoagulansi (lijekovi za sprječavanje zgrušavanja krvi) (npr. varfarin), selektivni inhibitori ponovne pohrane serotonina (lijekovi za liječenje depresije) ili antitrombotici (lijekovi za sprječavanje stvaranja krvnih ugrušaka) (npr. acetilsalicilna kiselina). Oprez je potreban u bolesnika koji su već bolovali od različitih oboljenja probavnog sustava (ulcerozni kolitis , Crohnova bolest ), zbog mogućeg pogoršanja bolesti. Ketoprofen treba davati s oprezom bolesnicima s neliječenom hipertenzijom (povišeni krvni tlak), zatajenjem srca, dokazanom ishemijskom bolešću srca, perifernom arterijskom bolešću i/ili cerebrovaskularnom bolešću (bolest krvnih žila u mozgu) ili drugim stanjima koja uzrokuju zadržavanje tekućine. Tijekom liječenja s nesteroidnim antireumaticima, preporučuje se češće mjerenje krvnog tlaka, osobito u bolesnika s bolestima srca i krvnih žila Prije početka dugotrajnog liječenja nesteroidnim protuupalnim lijekovima, oprez je potreban u bolesnika koji imaju povećani rizik za nastanak kardiovaskularnih bolesti (bolesti srca krvnih žila). To su bolesnici s hipertenzijom (povišeni krvni tlak), hiperlipidemijom (povišena razina masnoća u krvi), šećernom bolešću, pušači i sl. Neki nesteroidni protuupalni lijekovi (posebice u visokim dozama i kod dugotrajnog liječenja) mogu povećati rizik za nastanak srčanog ili moždanog udara. Nedostatak podataka ne isključuje mogućnost istog rizika kod primjene Ketonala. Ketoprofen može izazvati napadaj astme, pogotovo u osoba preosjetljivih na salicilate (lijekovi za ublažavanje boli i snižavanje povišene temperature) na nesteroidne protuupalne lijekove. U bolesnika s astmom praćenom kroničnim rinitisom (upala nosne sluznice), kroničnim sinusitisom (upala sinusa) i/ili nosnim polipima postoji veći rizik za nastanak alergijske reakcije (reakcija preosjetljivosti) nakon primjene acetilsalicilne kiseline (lijek za ublažavanje boli i snižavanje povišene temperature) i/iii nesteroidnih protuupalnih lijekova. Oprez je potreban u bolesnika koji imaju poremećaj rada jetre ili bubrega. Kao i kod svih dugotrajnih liječenja nesteroidnim antireumaticima, liječenje ketoprofenom zahtjeva praćenje krvne slike, jetrene i bubrežne funkcije, osobito u starijih bolesnika. Bolesnike sa zatajenjem jetre ili bubrega, bolesnike koji uzimaju diuretike (lijekovi koji potiču izlučivanje mokraće), bolesnike nakon velikih zahvata koji su uzrokovali hipovolemiju (smanjeni volumen krvi u cirkulaciji) i starije bolesnike treba pažljivo pratiti. Oprez je, također, potreban u bolesnika s poremećajem hemostaze (zaustavljanje krvarenja), hemofilijom (nasljedna bolest praćena sklonošću krvarenju), von Willebrandovom bolešću (nasljedna bolest poremećaja zgrušavanja krvi), teškom trombocitopenijom (smanjeni broj krvnih pločica) i u onih koji uzimaju antikoagulanse (lijekovi za sprječavanje zgrušavanja krvi) (npr. derivate kumarina i heparina). Ketoprofen treba primjenjivati s oprezom u alkoholičara. Vrlo rijetko su uz primjenu nesteroidnih antireumatika zabilježene ozbiljne kožne reakcije, ponekad sa smrtnim ishodom, kao npr. eksfolijativni dermatitis (upala s ljuštenjem kože), Stevens-Johnsonov sindrom (mjehuri na sluznici usta, ždrijela, spolovila i očne spojnice) toksična epidermalna nekroliza (teška kožna bolest sa stvaranjem mjehura). Najveći rizik od pojave ovih reakcija je na početku liječenja i to najčešće unutar prvog mjeseca primjene nesteroidnih antireumatika. Ukoliko se tijekom primjene Ketonala pojave kožni osip, oštećenja sluznice Hi drugi znakovi preosjetljivosti, primjenu lijeka treba odmah prekinuti. Kao i svi nesteroidni protuupalni lijekovi, ketoprofen može prikriti znakove zaraznih bolesti. Prije velikih kirurških zahvata treba prekinuti uzimanje lijeka. Primjena Ketonala ne preporučuje se ženama koje žele zatrudnjeti ili koje su na pretragama zbog neplodnosti, jer ketoprofen može smanjiti plodnost. Važna informacija o nekim sastojcima tablete Ketonal forte Tablete Ketonal forte sadržavaju laktozu i nisu prikladne za osobe s rijetkim nasljednim poremećajima poput nepodnošenja galaktoze, pomanjkanja Lappove laktaze ili glukoza/galaktoza malapsorpcijskog sindroma. Obavijestite svoga liječnika o svim tim stanjima. Molimo da se obratite liječniku i onda ako su se gornje navedene tvrdnje odnosile na vas bilo kada u prošlosti. INTERAKCIJE Obavijestite svoga liječnika ili ljekarnika ako uzimate ili ste nedavno uzimali bilo koji drugi lijek, pa i ako ste ga kupili bez recepta. Nemojte uzimati Ketonal zajedno s drugim nesteroidnim antireumaticima, salicilatima (lijekovi za ublažavanje boli i snižavanje povišene temperature), npr. acetilsalicilnom kiselinom ili neselektivnim inhibitorima ciklooksigenaze-2. Učinak antihipertenziva (lijekovi za liječenje visokog krvnog tlaka) i diuretika (Lijekovi koji potiču izlučivanje mokraće) može biti smanjen ako se uzimaju istodobno s ketoprofenom. Kod istodobne primjene nesteroidnih antireumatika i diuretika (lijekovi koji potiču izlučivanje mokraće) ili ACE-inhibitora (lijekovi za liječenje visokog krvnog tlaka i zatajenja srca) povećava se rizik od oštećenja funkcije bubrega. Učinak lijekova za liječenje epilepsije (padavica) ili šećerne bolesti može biti povećan ako se uzimaju istodobno s ketoprofenom. Zbog povećanog rizika od krvarenja, bolesnici koji istodobno uzimaju ketoprofen i antikoagulanse (lijekovi za sprječavanje zgrušavanja krvi), kortikosteroide (hormoni nadbubrežne žlijezde) ili selektivne inhibitore ponovne pohrane serotonina (lijekovi za liječenje depresije) zahtijevaju stalni liječnički nadzor. Ne preporučuje se istovremena primjena antikoagulansa (lijekovi za sprječavanje zgrušavanja krvi), sulfonamida (lijekovi za liječenje infekcija) ili hidantotna (lijek za liječenje padavice), jer je ponekad potrebno smanjiti njihovu dozu. Ako se istodobno s ketoprofenom uzimaju srčani glikozidi (lijekovi za jačanje snage srca), litij (lijek za liječenje nekih vrsta depresije), ciklosporin (lijek za smanjenje reakcije imunosnog sustava, kako bi se spriječilo odbacivanje presađenog organa ili koštane srži) ili metotreksat (lijek za liječenje zloćudnih bolesti) izlučivanje ovih lijekova može biti smanjeno, a njihov štetni učinak povećan. Učinak mifepristona (hormonski lijek protiv začeća) može biti smanjen ako se koristi istodobno s nesteroidnim antireumaticima. Nesteroidni antireumatici ne bi se smjeli uzimati još 8 do 12 dana nakon primjene mifepristona. Neki lijekovi kao što su: preparati kalija, diuretici (lijekovi koji potiču izlučivanje mokraće) koji štede kalij, ACE-inhibitori (lijekovi za liječenje visokog krvnog tlaka i zatajenja srca), inhibitori angiotenzina II (lijekovi za liječenje visokog krvnog tlaka i zatajenja srca), nesteroidni antireumatici, heparini (lijek za sprječavanje zgrušavanja krvi), ciklosporin (lijek za smanjenje reakcije imunosnog sustava, kako bi se spriječilo odbacivanje presađenog organa ili koštane srži), takrolimus (lijek koji djeluje na imunosni sustav) 111 trimetoprim (antimikrobni lijek) mogu povećati rizik nastanka hiperkalijemije (povišena razina kalija). Ne preporučuje se konzumiranje alkohola tijekom liječenja ketoprofenom. POSEBNA UPOZORENJA Prije nego što uzmete bilo koji lijek posavjetujte se sa svojim liječnikom ili ljekarnikom. Recite liječniku ako ste trudni (iii mislite da ste trudni) ili ako dojite. Nema podataka o sigurnosti primjene ketoprofena u trudnoći. Tijekom prvog i drugog tromjesečja trudnice smiju uzimati tablete Ketonal forte samo ako je očekivana korist liječenja veća od mogućeg rizika za plod. Primjena tableta Ketonal forte je kontraindicirana tijekom zadnja tri mjeseca trudnoće, jer može odgoditi porod, izazvati prerano zatvaranje ductus-a Botalli i plućnu hipertenziju novorođenčeta. Dojenje Prije nego što uzmete bilo koji lijek posavjetujte se sa svojim liječnikom ili ljekarnikom. Sigurnost primjene ketoprofena tijekom dojenja nije utvrđena, zbog čega se njegova primjena u dojilja ne preporučuje. Utjecaj na sposobnost upravljanja vozilima i strojevima Nesteroidni antireumatici rijetko mogu u preosjetljivih bolesnika uzrokovati omaglicu, vrtoglavicu, pospanost i zamagljeni vid. U tim slučajevima, bolesnici ne smiju upravljati vozilima niti rukovati strojevima. DOZIRANJE I PRIMJENA Tablete Ketonal forte se primjenjuju peroralno. Tablete Ketonal forte uzimajte točno kako vam je rekao liječnik. Ne mijenjajte doze i ne prekidajte liječenje bez prethodnog savjetovanja s vašim liječnikom. Liječnik će vam reći koliko dugo će trajati liječenje. Tabletu Ketonal forte treba progutati s čašom vode iti mlijeka. Tablete se mogu uzeti tijekom ili nakon obroka, ili s antacidima (lijekovi koji smanjuju lučenje želučane kiseline), jer smanjuju učestalost neželjenih učinaka ketoprofena na probavni sustav. Odrasli i djeca starija od 15 godina Uobičajeno doziranje je 1 tableta Ketonal forte jedanput ili dvaput na dan (100- 200 mg) ovisno o tjelesnoj masi bolesnika i o težini simptoma bolesti. Preporučena doza za liječenje reumatoidnog artritisa i artroze je 1 tableta Ketonal forte najviše dva puta na dan. Tablete i čepići mogu se kombinirati, na primjer: 1 tableta Ketonal forte (100 mg) ujutro i 1 čepić Ketonal (100 mg) uvečer. Ukupna dnevna doza ketoprofena ne smije biti veća od 200 mg. Treba pažljivo procijeniti omjer rizika i koristi liječenja ketoprofenom u dozi od 200 mg na dan, dok se veće doze ne preporučuju. Neželjeni učinci mogu se umanjiti primjenom najmanje učinkovite doze kroz najkraće moguće vrijeme. Ako vam se čini da je učinak lijeka prejak ili preslab, razgovarajte sa svojim liječnikom ljekarnikom. Stariji bolesnici Nesteroidne protuupalne lijekove treba primjenjivati s oprezom u starijih bolesnika zbog veće učestalosti nuspojava. Potrebno je primijeniti najmanju učinkovitu dozu i pratiti bolesnika tijekom prva 4 tjedna primjene lijeka zbog mogućnosti krvarenje iz probavnog sustava. Djeca Nema dovoljno podataka o doziranju u djece mlađe od 15 godina. PREDOZIRANJE Nikad ne smijete uzeti više tableta nego što vam je propisao liječnik. Ako ste uzeli previše tableta odjedanput, odmah se obratite liječniku. Liječniku pokažite preostale tablete u pakiranju. Prekomjerna doza može izazvati mučninu, povraćanje, epigastričnu bol (bol u području želuca), hematemezu (povraćanje krvi ), crnu stolicu, poremećaj svijesti, otežano disanje , konvulzije (grčeve), smanjenu bubrežnu funkciju i zatajenje bubrega Ako ste zaboravili uzeti lijek Ako ste zaboravili uzeti lijek, nemojte uzeti dvostruku dozu da biste nadoknadili propuštenu. Jednostavno nastavite uzimati lijek prema uobičajenom rasporedu. NUSPOJAVE Kao i svi lijekovi, tablete Ketonal forte mogu imati nuspojave. Nuspojave Ketonala obično su blage i prolazne. Najčešće nuspojave nesteroidnih antireumatika su nuspojave probavnog sustava. Mogu nastati: mučnina , povraćanje, zatvor , proljev , nadutost , grčevi i bol u želucu. Rijetko su zabilježene nuspojave kao što su melena (crna stolica), hematemeza (povraćanje krvi), ulcerozni stomatitis (upala i oštećenje sluznice usne šupljine), čir na želucu ili dvanaesniku, puknuće ili krvarenje iz probavnog sustava i gastritis (upalna bolest želuca). Druge blage nuspojave koje se rjeđe javljaju su glavobolja , omaglica, vrtoglavica , blaga zbunjenost, pospanost, otekline, promjene raspoloženja i nesanica U slučaju teže nuspojave, liječenje Ketonalom treba odmah prekinuti. Nuspojave mogu biti: vrio česte (> 10 %), česte (> 1 % i 0,1 % i 0,01 % i < 0,1 %) i vrio rijetke (< 0,01 %), uključujući pojedinačne slučajeve. Poremećaji srca i krvnih žila Često: edemi (otekline) Neki nesteroidni protuupalni lijekovi (posebice u visokim dozama i kod dugotrajnog liječenja) mogu povećati rizik za nastanak srčanog ili moždanog udara. Nedostatak podataka ne isključuje mogućnost istog rizika kod primjene ketoprofena. Poremećaji krvi i limfnog sustava Manje često: anemija (smanjeni broj crvenih krvnih stanica/hemoglobina), hemoliza (raspadanje crvenih krvnih stanica), purpura (gusto, točkasto krvarenje u koži), trombocitopenija (smanjeni broj krvnih pločica), agranulocitoza (gubitak granulocita) Ketoprofen u visokim dozama može smanjiti agregaciju (nakupljanje) trombocita (krvne pločice), produžiti vrijeme krvarenja, izazvati krvarenja iz nosa i pojavu modrica. Poremećaji središnjeg živčanog sustava Nuspojave mogu biti: vrio česte (> 10 %), česte (> 1 % i 0,1 % i 0,01 % i < 0,1 %) i vrio rijetke (< 0,01 %), uključujući pojedinačne slučajeve. Poremećaji središnjeg živčanog sustava često: glavobolja, astenija (gubitak snage), slabost, umor , omaglica, vrtoglavica, parestezije (umrtvljenost ili trnci u prstima na rukama i nogama), depresija , nervoza, pospanost, noćne more Rijetko: delirij (poremećenost svijesti) s vidnim i slušnim priviđanjima, dezorijentacija (poremećaj orijentacije), smetnje u govoru Vrlo rijetko: moždani pseudotumor (povećanje krvnog tlaka u glavi) – (jedan slučaj) Poremećaji dišnog sustava, prsnog koša Manje često: hemoptiza (iskašljavanje krvi ), dispneja (otežano disanje), faringitis (upala ždrijela), rinitis (upala nosne sluznice), bronhospazam (suženje dušnica), edem tarinksa (otok grkljana) znaci reakcije preosjetljivosti Rijetko: napadaj astme Poremećaji probavnog sustava Vrlo često: dispepsija (nelagoda i bol u gornjem dijelu trbušne šupljine) Često: mučnina, boi u trbuhu, proljev, zatvor, nadutost, anoreksija (gubitak teka), povraćanje, stomatitis (upala sluznice usne šupljine) Vrio rijetko: gastritis (upalna bolest želuca), intestinalna perforacija (puknuće crijeva), pogoršanje ulceroznog kolitisa (upala i oštećenje sluznice debelog crijeva) ili Crohnove bolesti (teška upalna bolest crijeva ), enteropatija (bolest crijeva) s perforacijom (prsnuće), ulceracijom (nastajanje čira) ili strikturom (suženje crijeva) Enteropatija može biti praćena blagim krvarenjem i gubitkom bjelanjčevina. Zabilježen je slučaj (starija žena) perforacije kolona (prsnuće debelog crijeva). čir na želucu, perforacija (prsnuće) ili krvarenje iz probavnog sustava, ponekad su sa smrtnim ishodom, osobito u starijih osoba. Poremećaj funkcije jetre, žučnjaka i žučnih vodova Vrio često: granično povećane vrijednosti jetrenih testova Manje često: značajno povećanje vrijednosti jetrenih enzima Vrlo rijetko: poremećaj funkcije jetre sa žuticom i hepatitisom (upala jetre) Poremećaji bubrega i mokraćnog sustava Vrlo rijetko: akutno zatajenje bubrega , intersticijski nefritis (upala bubrega), nefrotski sindrom, akutni pijelonefritis (upala bubrega i bubrežne nakapnice) Poremećaji reprodukcijskog sustava Manje često: menometroragija (poremećaj krvarenja tijekom ili između menstruacijskih ciklusa) Poremećaji kože i potkožnog tkiva Često: osip Manje često: alopecija (gubitak kose ), ekcem, crvenilo kože, urtikarija , eksfolijativni dermatitis (upala kože s ljuštenjem) Rijetko: fotoosjetljivost (preosjetljivost na svjetlost), fotodermatitis (kožne promjene izazvane preosjetljivošću na svjetlost) Vrlo rijetko: bulozne (mjehuraste) kožne promjene uključujući Stevens-Johnsonov sindrom (mjehuri na sluznici usta, ždrijela, spolovila i očne spojnice) i toksičnu epidermalnu nekrolizu (teška kožna bolest sa stvaranjem mjehura). Poremećaji funkcije oka često: smetnje vida Vrio rijetko: konjunktivitis (upala očne spojnice) (jedan slučaj) Poremećaji funkcije uha i labirinta Ostale nuspojave Rijetko: alergijske reakcije (preosjetljivost) ili anafilaksija (teška reakcija preosjetljivosti). Prekinite primjenu Ketonala i odmah se javite liječniku ako: - teško dišete - imate bol u prsima - imate promjene srčanog ritma - imate osip, urtikariju - postanete preosjetljivi na svjetlost — primijetite oticanje gležnjeva, nogu ili lica — primijetite neuobičajena krvarenja ili modrice na koži - imate žutu kožu i žute bjeloočnice - mokrite manje nego inače - imate jake bolove u trbuhu ili povraćate krv - imate krvavu, crnu stolicu - imate neobjašnjivo povišenje tjelesne temperature ili bolove u grlu - imate povišeni krvni tlak. Nemojte se zabrinjavati zbog gore navedenih nuspojava jer većina bolesnika uzima ketoprofen bez ikakvih problema; ozbiljne nuspojave su vrlo rijetke. UVJETI ČUVANJA Lijek treba čuvati izvan dohvata djece. Lijek se čuva pri temperaturi do 25° C. Lijek se čuva u originalnoj ambalaži. Napomena: Ove upute o proizvodima samo su ilustrativnog karaktera. Ukoliko trebate savjet u vezi korištenja lijeka obratite se liječniku ili ljekarniku.