http___www.undp.org_content_croatia_hr_home_mdgoverview_overview_mdg5__1.xml
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- UNDP around the world close Many of UNDP's relationships with countries and territories on the ground exceed 60 years. Find details on our successes and ongoing work. Visit UNDP's global website. - Afghanistan - Albania - Algeria - Angola - Argentina - Armenia - Azerbaijan - Bahrain - Bangladesh - Barbados - Belarus - Belize - Benin - Bhutan - Bolivia - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Botswana - Brazil - Bulgaria - Burkina Faso - Burundi - Cambodia - Cameroon - Cape Verde - Central African Republic - Chad - Chile - China - Colombia - Comoros - Congo (Dem. Republic of) - Congo (Republic of) - Costa Rica - Côte d'Ivoire - Croatia - Cuba - Cyprus - Democratic People's Republic of Korea - Denmark (Rep. Office) - Djibouti - Dominican Republic - E.U. (Rep. Office) - Ecuador - Egypt - El Salvador - Equatorial Guinea - Eritrea - Ethiopia - Fiji - Finland (Rep. Office) - Gabon - Gambia - Geneva (Rep. 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Office) - Trinidad and Tobago - Tunisia - Turkey - Turkmenistan - Uganda - Ukraine - United Arab Emirates Regional PresenceMuch of UNDP’s work is administered through 5 regional bureaus. - Operations - Research & Publications - News Centre - Multimedia 6 Improve maternal health Where we are? Target 6. To reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio. By 2015, to achieve universal access to reproductive health. The relevance of MDG 5 in Kazakhstan has to do with the fact that maternal health indicators in the country are still quite low and the maternal mortality ratio is several times as high as that in the WHO European Region. To achieve MDG 5, Kazakhstan needs to reduce its maternal mortality ratio (MMR) from 55 per 100,000 live births in 1990 to 14 in 2015. Is this achievable? During the next five years MMR needs to be almost halved compared to the current indicator. Over the 19 years since 1990, MMR has been reduced by less than 2 times. It is clear that as the MMR is being reduced, each subsequent reduction will be most probably more difficult to achieve. Nevertheless, progress achieved in recent years in decreasing maternal mortality in Kazakhstan, inspires cautious optimism. Achievement of MDG 5 in Kazakhstan will depend on how fast the legislation will change, how successful healthcare institutional reforms will be, and how efficiently maternal mortality reduction programmes will be managed and financed. Achievement of MDG 5 requires a strengthened multi-sectoral approach to addressing maternal health improvement, for which purpose the education sector, healthcare, mass media and non-governmental sector need to join and coordinate their efforts to achieve a substantial improvement in awareness of the population, primarily youths, about the prevention of unwanted pregnancies, STIs and HIV/AIDS. MDG 5 can only be achieved if investment into sexual and reproductive health is increased, with available resources to be allocated in a way to ensure maximum benefits to a maximum number of people. 0.83 years remaining until 2015 The 8 Millennium Development Goals - 1 Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty - 2 Achieve universal primary education - 3 Promote gender equality and empower women - 4 Reduce child mortality - 5 Improve maternal health - 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases - 7 Ensure environmental sustainability - 8 Develop a global partnership for development Targets for MDG 5 - Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio - Most maternal deaths could be avoided - Giving birth is especially risky in Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where most women deliver without skilled care - The rural-urban gap in skilled care during childbirth has narrowed - Achieve universal access to reproductive health & inadequate funding for family planning is a major failure in fulfilling commitments to improving women’s reproductive health - More women are receiving antenatal care - Inequalities in care during pregnancy are striking - Only one in three rural women in developing regions receive the recommended care during pregnancy - Progress has stalled in reducing the number of teenage pregnancies, putting more young mothers at risk - Poverty and lack of education perpetuate high adolescent birth rates - Progress in expanding the use of contraceptives by women has slowed & use of contraception is lowest among the poorest women and those with no education
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Pod smrt rodilja se misli na sve žene koje su umrle tijekom trudnoće, porođaja ili 42 dana nakon rođenja djeteta, bez obzira da li je uzrok smrti povezan s trudnoćom ili porodom. Sve žene u Republici Hrvatskoj imaju pravo na besplatni porod u zdravstvenoj ustanovi, bez obzira na to imaju li zdravstveno osiguranje ili nemaju, više od 99,9 % poroda održano je u zdravstvenoj ustanovi , uz rijetke iznimke, kao što je rađanje kod kuće ili na putu do rodilišta. U posljednjih deset godina, više od 30 % žena koje su preminule tijekom trudnoće, porođaja ili za vrijeme babinja umrle su od razloga koji su indirektno povezani s porodom (razne kronične i maligne bolesti ). Dio žena plodne dobi koje su umrle od ukupnog broja žena koje su umrle je niska (oko 3 % svih žena koje su umrle), a stopa je nešto iznad 70/100, 000 žena plodne dobi. Najčešći uzroci smrtnosti su tumori , zatim ozljede i bolesti cirkulacijskog sustava . Dakle, zdravstvo treba usmjeriti pozornost na prevenciju tih uzroka bolesti i smrtnosti. Određene preventivne mjere se provode putem nacionalnih programa za preglede (rak dojke), a drugi su na raspolaganju svakoj ženi kroz mjere zdravstvenog sustaava iz obveznog osiguranja. Nacionalni program za rano otkrivanje raka dojke predviđen u 2006 - 2012 se provodi već tri godine , a broj pregledanih žena godišnje postupno raste (u 2008, 57 % je došlo na pregled nakon pozivnice). Očekuje se da će rezultati tih projekcija imati utjecaj na smanjenju pojavu naprednih vrsta raka dojke i naknadne smrtnosti žena. Zahvaljujući pregledima, u protekle tri godine, 1.400 slučajeva raka dojke otkrivena su i potvrđena . Godišnje raka dojke je prisutan u 2.500 / 100.000 žena, od čega 800-900 žena ne preživi (oko 40/100,000 godišnje). Nadalje, prevencija raka dojke kroz sustav obveznog zdravstvenog osiguranja, uključuje nabavku dovoljnog broja mamograma i njihove lokalne raspodjele po potrebi. Prema pojedinim dijagnostičkim entitetima , uzroci smrti stanovništva u Hrvatskoj se nisu promijenili zadnjih pet godina. Najčešći uzrok smrti je ishemijska bolest srca (20%), slijede cerebrovaskularne bolesti (15%), zatajenje srca (6 %), bronhi i pluća (5 %) i, konačno , rak debelog crijeva (4 %). Zastupljena među deset najčešćih uzroka smrti bolesti probavnog sustava su kronične bolesti jetre, fibroza i ciroza. Najistaknutiji u skupini bolesti dišnog sustava su bronhitis, emfizem i astma . U ovom trenutku , smrtnost rodilja se zadržala se na niskoj razini zahvaljujući postojećim mehanizmima antenatalne, perinatalne i postnatalne skrbi definirane standardima zaštite, odnosno programskim mjerama zdravstvene zaštite. Programi prevencije i programi usmjereni na smanjenje broja smrti od ozljeda još nisu razvijeni na nacionalnoj razini, a tu su i neki programi usmjereni na prevenciju specifičnih uzroka smrti (npr. prometne nesreće). Dakle , potrebno je razvijati multidisciplinarni pristup takvih programa, imajući u vidu specifične uzrok smrti. Osim toga, sprječavanje i suzbijanje određenih najčešćih uzroka smrti žena plodne dobi se provodi kroz različite metode zdravstvenog odgoja (predavanja i akcija organiziranih povodom Svjetskog dana zdravlja, specifičnim obrazovnim programima u lokalnim zajednicama). 0.84 years remaining until 2015 The 8 Millennium Development Goals - 1 Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty - 2 Achieve universal primary education - 3 Promote gender equality and empower women - 4 Reduce child mortality - 5 Improve maternal health - 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases - 7 Ensure environmental sustainability - 8 Develop a global partnership for development Targets for MDG 5 - Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio - Most maternal deaths could be avoided - Giving birth is especially risky in Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where most women deliver without skilled care - The rural-urban gap in skilled care during childbirth has narrowed - Achieve universal access to reproductive health & inadequate funding for family planning is a major failure in fulfilling commitments to improving women’s reproductive health - More women are receiving antenatal care - Inequalities in care during pregnancy are striking - Only one in three rural women in developing regions receive the recommended care during pregnancy - Progress has stalled in reducing the number of teenage pregnancies, putting more young mothers at risk - Poverty and lack of education perpetuate high adolescent birth rates - Progress in expanding the use of contraceptives by women has slowed & use of contraception is lowest among the poorest women and those with no education