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Transcript 0:11 A computer is an incredibly powerful means of creative expression, but for the most part, that expression is confined to the screens of our laptops and mobile phones. And I'd like to tell you a story about bringing this power of the computer to move things around and interact with us off of the screen and into the physical world in which we live. 0:32 A few years ago, I got a call from a luxury fashion store called Barneys New York, and the next thing I knew, I was designing storefront kinetic sculptures for their window displays. 0:42 This one's called "The Chase." There are two pairs of shoes, a man's pair and a woman's pair, and they play out this slow, tense chase around the window in which the man scoots up behind the woman and gets in her personal space, and then she moves away. Each of the shoes has magnets in it, and there are magnets underneath the table that move the shoes around. 1:02 My friend Andy Cavatorta was building a robotic harp for Bjork's Biophilia tour and I wound up building the electronics and motion control software to make the harps move and play music. The harp has four separate pendulums, and each pendulum has 11 strings, so the harp swings on its axis and also rotates in order to play different musical notes, and the harps are all networked together so that they can play the right notes at the right time in the music. 1:30 I built an interactive chemistry exhibit at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago, and this exhibit lets people use physical objects to grab chemical elements off of the periodic table and bring them together to cause chemical reactions to happen. And the museum noticed that people were spending a lot of time with this exhibit, and a researcher from a science education center in Australia decided to study this exhibit and try to figure out what was going on. And she found that the physical objects that people were using were helping people understand how to use the exhibit, and were helping people learn in a social way. 2:05 And when you think about it, this makes a lot of sense, that using specialized physical objects would help people use an interface more easily. I mean, our hands and our minds are optimized to think about and interact with tangible objects. Think about which you find easier to use, a physical keyboard or an onscreen keyboard like on a phone? 2:26 But the thing that struck me about all of these different projects is that they really had to be built from scratch, down to the level of the electronics and the printed circuit boards and all the mechanisms all the way up to the software. I wanted to create something where we could move objects under computer control and create interactions around that idea without having to go through this process of building something from scratch every single time. 2:50 So my first attempt at this was at the MIT Media Lab with Professor Hiroshi Ishii, and we built this array of 512 different electromagnets, and together they were able to move objects around on top of their surface. But the problem with this was that these magnets cost over 10,000 dollars. Although each one was pretty small, altogether they weighed so much that the table that they were on started to sag. So I wanted to build something where you could have this kind of interaction on any tabletop surface. 3:20 So to explore this idea, I built an army of small robots, and each of these robots has what are called omni wheels. They're these special wheels that can move equally easily in all directions, and when you couple these robots with a video projector, you have these physical tools for interacting with digital information. So here's an example of what I mean. This is a video editing application where all of the controls for manipulating the video are physical. So if we want to tweak the color, we just enter the color mode, and then we get three different dials for tweaking the color, or if we want to adjust the audio, then we get two different dials for that, these physical objects. So here the left and right channel stay in sync, but if we want to, we can override that by grabbing both of them at the same time. So the idea is that we get the speed and efficiency benefits of using these physical dials together with the flexibility and versatility of a system that's designed in software. 4:18 And this is a mapping application for disaster response. So you have these physical objects that represent police, fire and rescue, and a dispatcher can grab them and place them on the map to tell those units where to go, and then the position of the units on the map gets synced up with the position of those units in the real world. 4:39 This is a video chat application. It's amazing how much emotion you can convey with just a few simple movements of a physical object. 4:47 With this interface, we open up a huge array of possibilities in between traditional board games and arcade games, where the physical possibilities of interaction make so many different styles of play possible. 4:59 But one of the areas that I'm most excited about using this platform for is applying it to problems that are difficult for computers or people to solve alone. One example of those is protein folding. So here we have an interface where we have physical handles onto a protein, and we can grab those handles and try to move the protein and try to fold it in different ways. And if we move it in a way that doesn't really make sense with the underlying molecular simulation, we get this physical feedback where we can actually feel these physical handles pulling back against us. So feeling what's going on inside a molecular simulation is a whole different level of interaction. 5:38 So we're just beginning to explore what's possible when we use software to control the movement of objects in our environment. Maybe this is the computer of the future. There's no touchscreen. There's no technology visible at all. But when we want to have a video chat or play a game or lay out the slides to our next TED Talk, the objects on the table come alive. 6:02 Thank you. 6:04 (Applause)
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Transcript Translated by Ivan Stamenkovic Reviewed by Senzos Osijek 0:11 Računalo je iznimno snažno sredstvo za kreativno izražavanje, no većinom, to izražavanje prikovano je za zaslone naših laptopa i mobilnih telefona. I volio bih vam ispričati priču o donošenju snage računala da bi pomicala stvari i bila u interakciji s nama mimo zaslona, u fizičkom svijetu u kojem živimo. 0:32 Prije par godina, dobio sam poziv od luksuzne modne trgovine Barneys u New Yorku, i sljedeća stvar koju sam radio, dizajnirao sam kinetičke skulpture za njihove izloge. 0:42 Ovaj se zove "Potjera". Dva su para cipela, muški i ženski par, i oni sudjeluju u ovoj polaganoj, napetoj potjeri, po izlogu u kojoj čovjek priđe ženi s leđa i uđe u njen osobni prostor, i onda se ona odmakne. Svaka cipela u sebi ima magnet, i postoje magneti ispod stola koji pomiču cipele. 1:02 Moj prijatelj Andy Cavatorta gradio je robotsku harfu za Biophilia turneju pjevačice Bjork, i ja sam radio elektroniku i softver za kontrolu kretanja koji je omogućavao harfama kretanje i sviranje. Harfa ima četiri odvojena njihala, i svako njihalo ima 11 žica, tako da se harfa ljulja i rotira na svojoj osi kako bi svirala različite note, i sve su harfe povezane kako bi svirale prave note u pravo vrijeme u glazbi. 1:30 Izradio sam interaktivnu izložbu kemije u Muzeju Znanosti i industrije u Chicagu, i ova izložba dozvoljava ljudima da koriste stvarne predmete kako bi pokupili elemente s periodne tablice i donesu ih kako bi uzrokovali kemijsku reakciju. I muzej je uočio da ljudi puno više vremena provode kod ove izložbe, i istraživač iz centra za učenje o znanosti u Australiji odlučio je proučavati ovu izložbu i pokušati shvatiti što se događa. I otkrila je da stvarni predmeti koje ljudi koriste su pomagali ljudima da shvate kako koristiti izložbu, i pomagali su ljudima učiti na društven način. 2:05 I kada razmislite o tome, to ima smisla, korištenje specijaliziranih predmeta pomoglo bi ljudima da lakše koriste sučelje. Mislim, naše ruke i umovi optimizirani su da razmišljaju o i budu u interakciji s opipljivim predmetima. Razmislite što vam je lakše koristiti, fizička tipkovnica ili ona na zaslonu kao na telefonu? 2:26 Ali ono što me pogodilo vezano uz sve ove različite projekte je da su oni morali biti izgrađeni od početka, od same elektronike i pločica i svih mehanizama do softvera. Htio sam stvoriti nešto gdje ćemo moći pomicati predmete pod računalnom kontrolom i stvoriti interakcije oko te ideje bez da moram prolaziti kroz ovaj proces građenja nečeg iz početka svaki put. 2:50 Moj prvi pokušaj ovoga je bio u MIT Media Lab-u sa profesorom Hiroshi Ishiiem, i izgradili smo ovaj red od 512 različitih elektromagneta, i zajedno oni su mogli pomicati predmete na svojoj površini. Ali problem s ovim je da su ovi magneti koštali više od 10000 dolara. Iako je svaki poprilično malen, težili su tako puno da je stol na kojem su bili počeo tonuti. Tako da sam htio izgraditi nešto gdje bi smo mogli imati ovakvu interakciju na bilo kojoj ravnoj površini. 3:20 Kako bih istražio ovu ideju, izgradio sam vojsku malih robota, i svaki od ovih robota imao je ono što zovemo omni kotači. To su posebni kotači koji se mogu kretati jednako u svim smjerovima, i kada uparite ove robote sa video projektorom, dobivate ove alate za interakciju s digitalnim informacijama. Ovdje je primjer toga što sam opisao. Ovo je aplikacija za uređivanje videa gdje su sve kontrole za manipulaciju videom fizičke. Ako želimo podesiti boju, uđemo u mod za boju i onda dobijemo tri različita brojčanika za podešavanje boje, ili ako želimo podesiti zvuk, dobijemo dva brojčanika za to, ove fizičke predmete. Ovdje su lijevi i desni kanal sinkronizirani, no ako želimo, možemo to promijeniti hvatanjem oba kanala odjednom. Ideja je da imamo brzinu i učinkovitost korištenjem ovih fizičkih brojčanika zajedno sa fleksibilnošću i prilagodljivošću sustava koji je dizajniran u softveru. 4:18 I ovo je aplikacija za mapiranje za odgovor na katastrofu. Imate ove fizičke predmete koji predstavljaju policiju, vatrogasce i spasitelje, i dispečer ih može uhvatiti i postaviti ih na kartu kako bi rekao tim jedinicama kamo da idu, i onda se pozicije jedinica na karti sinkroniziraju s pozicijama tih jedinica u stvarnom svijetu. 4:39 Ovo je aplikacija za video chat. Zadivljujuće je koliko emocija možete prenijeti sa nekoliko jednostavnih pokreta fizičkog predmeta. 4:47 S ovim sučeljem otvaramo širok spektar mogućnosti od tradicionalnih igara na ploči do arkadnih igara gdje mogućnosti za fizičku interakciju daju toliko različitih stilova igranja. 4:59 Ali područja zbog kojih sam najuzbuđeniji u korištenju ove platforme su primjena na probleme koji su teški za rješavanje računalima ili ljudima samostalno. Jedan od tih je slaganje bjelančevina. Ovdje imamo sučelje na kojem imamo fizičke ručke na bjelančevini i možemo uhvatiti te ručke i pokušati pomaknuti bjelančevinu i pokušati ju složiti na različte načine. I ako ju pomaknemo na način koji nema smisla sa molekularnom simulacijom, dobijemo ovu povratnu informaciju gdje možemo osjetiti ove ručke kako se opiru. Osjećati što se događa u molekularnoj simulaciji je potpuno nov nivo interakcije. 5:38 Tek počinjemo istraživati što je moguće kada koristimo softver kako bi kontrolirali kretanje predmeta u okolišu. Možda je ovo računalo budućnosti. Nema ekrana na dodir. Nema vidljive tehnologije. Ali kada želimo video chat ili igrati igru ili postaviti slajdove za sljedeći TED Govor, predmeti na stolu ožive. 6:02 Hvala vam. 6:04 (Pljesak)