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Transcript 0:11 We are now going through an amazing and unprecedented moment where the power dynamics between men and women are shifting very rapidly, and in many of the places where it counts the most, women are, in fact, taking control of everything. In my mother's day, she didn't go to college. Not a lot of women did. And now, for every two men who get a college degree, three women will do the same. Women, for the first time this year, became the majority of the American workforce. And they're starting to dominate lots of professions -- doctors, lawyers, bankers, accountants. Over 50 percent of managers are women these days, and in the 15 professions projected to grow the most in the next decade, all but two of them are dominated by women. So the global economy is becoming a place where women are more successful than men, believe it or not, and these economic changes are starting to rapidly affect our culture -- what our romantic comedies look like, what our marriages look like, what our dating lives look like, and our new set of superheroes. 1:11 For a long time, this is the image of American manhood that dominated -- tough, rugged, in control of his own environment. A few years ago, the Marlboro Man was retired and replaced by this much less impressive specimen, who is a parody of American manhood, and that's what we have in our commercials today. The phrase "first-born son" is so deeply ingrained in our consciousness that this statistic alone shocked me. In American fertility clinics, 75 percent of couples are requesting girls and not boys. And in places where you wouldn't think, such as South Korea, India and China, the very strict patriarchal societies are starting to break down a little, and families are no longer strongly preferring first-born sons. 1:56 If you think about this, if you just open your eyes to this possibility and start to connect the dots, you can see the evidence everywhere. You can see it in college graduation patterns, in job projections, in our marriage statistics, you can see it in the Icelandic elections, which you'll hear about later, and you can see it on South Korean surveys on son preference, that something amazing and unprecedented is happening with women. Certainly this is not the first time that we've had great progress with women. The '20s and the '60s also come to mind. But the difference is that, back then, it was driven by a very passionate feminist movement that was trying to project its own desires, whereas this time, it's not about passion, and it's not about any kind of movement. This is really just about the facts of this economic moment that we live in. The 200,000-year period in which men have been top dog is truly coming to an end, believe it or not, and that's why I talk about the "end of men." 2:50 Now all you men out there, this is not the moment where you tune out or throw some tomatoes, because the point is that this is happening to all of us. I myself have a husband and a father and two sons whom I dearly love. And this is why I like to talk about this, because if we don't acknowledge it, then the transition will be pretty painful. But if we do take account of it, then I think it will go much more smoothly. I first started thinking about this about a year and a half ago. I was reading headlines about the recession just like anyone else, and I started to notice a distinct pattern -- that the recession was affecting men much more deeply than it was affecting women. And I remembered back to about 10 years ago when I read a book by Susan Faludi called "Stiffed: The Betrayal of the American Man," in which she described how hard the recession had hit men, and I started to think about whether it had gotten worse this time around in this recession. And I realized that two things were different this time around. The first was that these were no longer just temporary hits that the recession was giving men -- that this was reflecting a deeper underlying shift in our global economy. And second, that the story was no longer just about the crisis of men, but it was also about what was happening to women. 4:03 And now look at this second set of slides. These are headlines about what's been going on with women in the next few years. These are things we never could have imagined a few years ago. Women, a majority of the workplace. And labor statistics: women take up most managerial jobs. This second set of headlines -- you can see that families and marriages are starting to shift. And look at that last headline -- young women earning more than young men. That particular headline comes to me from a market research firm. They were basically asked by one of their clients who was going to buy houses in that neighborhood in the future. And they expected that it would be young families, or young men, just like it had always been. But in fact, they found something very surprising. It was young, single women who were the major purchasers of houses in the neighborhood. And so they decided, because they were intrigued by this finding, to do a nationwide survey. So they spread out all the census data, and what they found, the guy described to me as a shocker, which is that in 1,997 out of 2,000 communities, women, young women, were making more money than young men. So here you have a generation of young women who grow up thinking of themselves as being more powerful earners than the young men around them. 5:12 Now, I've just laid out the picture for you, but I still haven't explained to you why this is happening. And in a moment, I'm going to show you a graph, and what you'll see on this graph -- it begins in 1973, just before women start flooding the workforce, and it brings us up to our current day. And basically what you'll see is what economists talk about as the polarization of the economy. Now what does that mean? It means that the economy is dividing into high-skill, high-wage jobs and low-skill, low-wage jobs -- and that the middle, the middle-skill jobs, and the middle-earning jobs, are starting to drop out of the economy. This has been going on for 40 years now. But this process is affecting men very differently than it's affecting women. You'll see the women in red, and you'll see the men in blue. You'll watch them both drop out of the middle class, but see what happens to women and see what happens to men. There we go. So watch that. You see them both drop out of the middle class. Watch what happens to the women. Watch what happens to the men. The men sort of stagnate there, while the women zoom up in those high-skill jobs. So what's that about? It looks like women got some power boost on a video game, or like they snuck in some secret serum into their birth-control pills that lets them shoot up high. But of course, it's not about that. 6:28 What it's about is that the economy has changed a lot. We used to have a manufacturing economy, which was about building goods and products, and now we have a service economy and an information and creative economy. Those two economies require very different skills, and as it happens, women have been much better at acquiring the new set of skills than men have been. It used to be that you were a guy who went to high school who didn't have a college degree, but you had a specific set of skills, and with the help of a union, you could make yourself a pretty good middle-class life. But that really isn't true anymore. This new economy is pretty indifferent to size and strength, which is what's helped men along all these years. What the economy requires now is a whole different set of skills. You basically need intelligence, you need an ability to sit still and focus, to communicate openly, to be able to listen to people and to operate in a workplace that is much more fluid than it used to be, and those are things that women do extremely well, as we're seeing. 7:28 If you look at management theory these days, it used to be that our ideal leader sounded something like General Patton, right? You would be issuing orders from above. You would be very hierarchical. You would tell everyone below you what to do. But that's not what an ideal leader is like now. If you read management books now, a leader is somebody who can foster creativity, who can get his -- get the employees -- see, I still say "his" -- who can get the employees to talk to each other, who can basically build teams and get them to be creative. And those are all things that women do very well. 7:58 And then on top of that, that's created a kind of cascading effect. Women enter the workplace at the top, and then at the working class, all the new jobs that are created are the kinds of jobs that wives used to do for free at home. So that's childcare, elder care and food preparation. So those are all the jobs that are growing, and those are jobs that women tend to do. Now one day it might be that mothers will hire an out-of-work, middle-aged, former steelworker guy to watch their children at home, and that would be good for the men, but that hasn't quite happened yet. 8:30 To see what's going to happen, you can't just look at the workforce that is now, you have to look at our future workforce. And here the story is fairly simple. Women are getting college degrees at a faster rate than men. Why? This is a real mystery. People have asked men, why don't they just go back to college, to community college, say, and retool themselves, learn a new set of skills? Well it turns out that they're just very uncomfortable doing that. They're used to thinking of themselves as providers, and they can't seem to build the social networks that allow them to get through college. So for some reason men just don't end up going back to college. And what's even more disturbing is what's happening with younger boys. There's been about a decade of research about what people are calling the "boy crisis." Now the boy crisis is this idea that very young boys, for whatever reason, are doing worse in school than very young girls, and people have theories about that. Is it because we have an excessively verbal curriculum, and little girls are better at that than little boys? Or that we require kids to sit still too much, and so boys initially feel like failures? And some people say it's because, in 9th grade, boys start dropping out of school. Because I'm writing a book about all this, I'm still looking into it, so I don't have the answer. But in the mean time, I'm going to call on the worldwide education expert, who's my 10-year-old daughter, Noa, to talk to you about why the boys in her class do worse. 9:51 (Video) Noa: The girls are obviously smarter. I mean they have much larger vocabulary. They learn much faster. They are more controlled. On the board today for losing recess tomorrow, only boys. 10:03 Hanna Rosin: And why is that? They were just not listening to the class while the girls sat there very nicely. 10:09 HR: So there you go. This whole thesis really came home to me when I went to visit a college in Kansas City -- working-class college. Certainly, when I was in college, I had certain expectations about my life -- that my husband and I would both work, and that we would equally raise the children. But these college girls had a completely different view of their future. Basically, the way they said it to me is that they would be working 18 hours a day, that their husband would maybe have a job, but that mostly he would be at home taking care of the kiddies. And this was kind of a shocker to me. And then here's my favorite quote from one of the girls: "Men are the new ball and chain." 10:47 (Laughter) 10:50 Now you laugh, but that quote has kind of a sting to it, right? And I think the reason it has a sting is because thousands of years of history don't reverse themselves without a lot of pain, and that's why I talk about us all going through this together. The night after I talked to these college girls, I also went to a men's group in Kansas, and these were exactly the kind of victims of the manufacturing economy which I spoke to you about earlier. They were men who had been contractors, or they had been building houses and they had lost their jobs after the housing boom, and they were in this group because they were failing to pay their child support. And the instructor was up there in the class explaining to them all the ways in which they had lost their identity in this new age. He was telling them they no longer had any moral authority, that nobody needed them for emotional support anymore, and they were not really the providers. So who were they? And this was very disheartening for them. And what he did was he wrote down on the board "$85,000," and he said, "That's her salary," and then he wrote down "$12,000." "That's your salary. So who's the man now?" he asked them. "Who's the damn man? She's the man now." And that really sent a shudder through the room. And that's part of the reason I like to talk about this, because I think it can be pretty painful, and we really have to work through it. 12:08 And the other reason it's kind of urgent is because it's not just happening in the U.S. It's happening all over the world. In India, poor women are learning English faster than their male counterparts in order to staff the new call centers that are growing in India. In China, a lot of the opening up of private entrepreneurship is happening because women are starting businesses, small businesses, faster than men. And here's my favorite example, which is in South Korea. Over several decades, South Korea built one of the most patriarchal societies we know about. They basically enshrined the second-class status of women in the civil code. And if women failed to birth male children, they were basically treated like domestic servants. And sometimes family would pray to the spirits to kill off a girl child so they could have a male child. But over the '70s and '80s, the South Korea government decided they wanted to rapidly industrialize, and so what they did was, they started to push women into the workforce. Now they've been asking a question since 1985: "How strongly do you prefer a first-born son?" And now look at the chart. That's from 1985 to 2003. How much do you prefer a first-born son? 13:14 So you can see that these economic changes really do have a strong effect on our culture. Now because we haven't fully processed this information, it's kind of coming back to us in our pop culture in these kind of weird and exaggerated ways, where you can see that the stereotypes are changing. And so we have on the male side what one of my colleagues likes to call the "omega males" popping up, who are the males who are romantically challenged losers who can't find a job. And they come up in lots of different forms. So we have the perpetual adolescent. We have the charmless misanthrope. Then we have our Bud Light guy who's the happy couch potato. And then here's a shocker: even America's most sexiest man alive, the sexiest man alive gets romantically played these days in a movie. And then on the female side, you have the opposite, in which you have these crazy superhero women. You've got Lady Gaga. You've got our new James Bond, who's Angelina Jolie. And it's not just for the young, right? Even Helen Mirren can hold a gun these days. And so it feels like we have to move from this place where we've got these uber-exaggerated images into something that feels a little more normal. 14:26 So for a long time in the economic sphere, we've lived with the term "glass ceiling." Now I've never really liked this term. For one thing, it puts men and women in a really antagonistic relationship with one another, because the men are these devious tricksters up there who've put up this glass ceiling. And we're always below the glass ceiling, the women. And we have a lot of skill and experience, but it's a trick, so how are you supposed to prepare to get through that glass ceiling? And also, "shattering the glass ceiling" is a terrible phrase. What crazy person would pop their head through a glass ceiling? 14:58 So the image that I like to think of, instead of glass ceiling, is the high bridge. It's definitely terrifying to stand at the foot of a high bridge, but it's also pretty exhilarating, because it's beautiful up there, and you're looking out on a beautiful view. And the great thing is there's no trick like with the glass ceiling. There's no man or woman standing in the middle about to cut the cables. There's no hole in the middle that you're going to fall through. And the great thing is that you can take anyone along with you. You can bring your husband along. You can bring your friends, or your colleagues, or your babysitter to walk along with you. And husbands can drag their wives across, if their wives don't feel ready. But the point about the high bridge is that you have to have the confidence to know that you deserve to be on that bridge, that you have all the skills and experience you need in order to walk across the high bridge, but you just have to make the decision to take the first step and do it. 15:51 Thanks very much. 15:53 (Applause)
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Transcript Translated by Davorin Jelačić Reviewed by Tilen Pigac - EFZG 0:11 Danas prolazimo kroz zapanjujući trenutak bez presedana u kojem se dinamika moći između muškaraca i žena mijenja vrlo brzo. U mnogim mjestima gdje je to najvažnije, žene, zapravo, preuzimaju kontrolu nad svime. U vrijeme moje majke, ona nije išla na fakultet. Mnogo žena nije. A sada, na svaka dva muškarca koji dobiju fakultetsku diplomu, diplomu dobiju tri žene. Žene su, po prvi puta ove godine, postale većina u američkoj radnoj snazi. Počinju dominirati mnogim zanimanjima -- liječničkim, odvjetničkim, bankarskim, knjigovodstvenim. Ovih dana imamo preko 50 posto žena menadžera. A u 15 zanimanja za koje se predviđa najveći rast u idućem desetljeću, u svima osim u dva dominiraju žene. Tako da globalna ekonomija postaje mjesto u kojem su žene uspješnije nego muškarci, vjerovali ili ne, i ove ekonomske promjene počinju brzo utjecati na našu kulturu -- na to kako izgledaju romantične komedije, kako nam izgledaju brakovi, kako izgleda život onih koji izlaze na sastanke, i novi niz superheroja. 1:11 Dugo je vremena ova slika američke muškosti dominirala -- tvrd, grub, čovjek koji vlada svojom okolinom. Prije nekoliko godina, Marlboro tip je umirovljen i zamijenjen ovim, puno manje impresivnim primjerkom, koji je parodija američke muškosti. I to je ono što danas imamo u našim reklamama. Izraz prvorođeni sin je toliko duboko usađen u našu svijest da me je šokirala i ova statistika sama po sebi. U američkim klinikama za oplodnju, 75 posto parova traže djevojčice, a ne dječake. A na mjestima gdje to ne biste očekivali, kao u južnoj Koreji, Indiji i Kini, vrlo stroga patrijarhalna društva se počinju pomalo slamati, i obitelji više ne preferiraju tako snažno sinove kao prvorođene. 1:56 Ako razmislite o tome, ako se samo otvorite prema ovoj mogućnosti i počnete povezivati točkice, možete posvuda vidjeti dokaz. Možete ga vidjeti u obrascima diplomiranja, u predviđanjima radnih mjesta, u statistici naših brakova, možete ga vidjeti na islandskim izborima, o čemu ćete kasnije čuti, i možete vidjeti u južnokorejskim anketama o spolu prvog djeteta, da se nešto zapanjujuće i bez presedana događa sa ženama. Svakako ovo nije prvi puta da smo ostvarili veliki napredak sa ženama. Padaju nam na pamet i 20-te i 60-te. Ali razlika je u tome da je to, onda, bilo pokretano strastvenim feminističkim pokretom koji je pokušavao projicirati svoje vlastite želje, dok ovoga puta nije riječ o strasti, i nije riječ ni o kakvom pokretu. Ovdje se stvarno radi samo o činjenici ekonomskog trenutka u kojem živimo. Razdoblje od 200.000 godina u kojemu su muškarci bili glavni doista se primiče kraju, vjerovali ili ne, i zbog toga ja govorim o kraju muškaraca. 2:50 Sad, svi vi muški ovdje, ovo nije trenutak u kojemu se vi isključite ili bacate rajčice, jer je bit u tome da se ovo događa svima nama. I sama imam supruga i oca i dva sina koje silno volim. I zato volim govoriti o ovome, jer ako ne priznamo situaciju, tada će tranzicija biti prilično bolna. No, ako je shvatimo, tada mislim da će proći puno mekše. Prvi puta sam počela razmišljati o ovome prije godinu i pol dana. Čitala sam naslove o recesiji kao i svi drugi, i počela sam primjećivati izraziti obrazac -- da recesija muškarce pogađa puno dublje nego što pogađa žene. I sjećam se vremena otprije 10 godina kad sam čitala knjigu Susane Faludi po nazivu „Prevareni: Izdaja američkog muškarca" u kojoj je objasnila kako je teško recesija pogodila muškarce. I počela sam razmišljati o tome da li se stvar pogoršala ovoga puta, u ovoj recesiji. I shvatila sam da su dvije stvari različite ovoga puta. Prva je ta da ovo više nisu samo privremeni udarci koje recesija zadaje muškarcima -- da ovo odražava dublju pozadinsku promjenu u globalnoj ekonomiji. A drugo, da priča više nije samo o krizi muškaraca, već je i o tome što se događa ženama. 4:03 Pogledajte sada na drugi niz slajdova. Ovo su naslovi o tome što se događa sa ženama u idućih nekoliko godina. Ovo nismo mogli ni zamisliti prije nekoliko godina. Žene, većina radne snage. I statistika rada: žene dobivaju većinu menadžerskih poslova. Drugi niz slajdova: vidite da se obitelji i brakovi pomjeraju. A pogledajte posljednji naslov: mlade žene zarađuju više od mladih muškaraca. Ovaj naslov mi dolazi od tvrtke za istraživanje tržišta. Njih su njihovi klijenti, u biti, pitali tko će kupovati kuće u toj četvrti u budućnosti. Očekivali su da će to biti mlade obitelji, ili mladi muškarci, kako je to oduvijek bilo. No, zapravo su otkrili nešto iznenađujuće. Mlade su žene, neudane, bile glavni kupci kuća u četvrti. Pa su odlučili, zainteresirani ovim nalazom, provesti istraživanje u cijeloj zemlji. Pa su raširili sve podatke iz popisa stanovništva, a ono što su otkrili, što mi je tip objasnio kao šokantno, je to da u 1.997 od 2.000 zajednica, žene, mlade žene, zarađuju više od mladih muškaraca. Pa imate naraštaj mladih žena koje odrastaju smatrajući se ostvarivačicama boljih prihoda nego što su to mladi muškarci oko njih. 5:12 Sada sam vam samo podastrla sliku, ali vam još nisam objasnila zašto se ovo događa. Za trenutak ću vam pokazati grafikon, i na tom grafikonu ćete vidjeti -- on počinje u 1973. godini, neposredno prije nego što se žene počinju masovno zapošljavati, i ide sve do današnjeg dana. U suštini, ovo što ćete vidjeti je ono o čemu ekonomisti govore kao o polarizaciji ekonomije. No što to znači? To znači da se ekonomija dijeli na visokostručne poslove s visokom plaćom i nekvalificirane poslove s malom plaćom -- a da poslovi srednjeg ranga, poslovi s osrednjim zaradama počinju nestajati iz gospodarstva. Ovo se odvija već 40 godina. Ali ovaj proces pogađa muškarce drugačije nego što pogađa žene. Vidjet ćete žene prikazane crveno i muškarce u plavom. Promatrat ćete kako oboje ispadaju iz srednje klase, ali pogledajte što se događa ženama, a što muškarcima. Idemo. Gledajte. Vidite da oboje nestaju iz srednje klase. Gledajte što se događa ženama. Gledajte što se događa muškarcima. Muškarci nekako stagniraju ovdje, dok se žene uspinju u ovim visokokvalificiranim poslovima. O čemu se tu radi? Izgleda kao da su žene dobile energetsku pilulu u video igri, ili da su ubacile neki tajni serum u pilule protiv začeća koji im omogućava visok uzlet. Ali naravno, nije riječ o tome. 6:28 Riječ je o tome da se ekonomija jako promijenila. Imali smo proizvođačku ekonomiju, koja se temeljila na izradi proizvoda i dobara, a danas imamo uslužnu ekonomiju, informacijsku i kreativnu ekonomiju. Te dvije ekonomije zahtijevaju vrlo različite vještine. I kako se čini, žene su mnogo bolje u usvajanju novih vještina nego što su to muškarci. Nekada je bilo tako da ste bili muškarac koji je završio srednju školu i nije imao fakultetsku diplomu, ali je imao određene vještine, i, uz pomoć sindikata, mogao si je osigurati sasvim dobar život srednjeg sloja. To zaista više nije istina. Ova nova ekonomija je prilično nezainteresirana za veličinu i snagu, koje su bile ono što je muškarcima pomagalo sve te godine. Ono što gospodarstvo danas traži je sasvim drukčiji skup vještina. Trebate inteligenciju, sposobnost da se umirite i usredotočite, da komunicirate otvoreno kako biste mogli slušati ljude i raditi u radnom okružju koje je puno fluidnije nego što je to nekad bilo. A to su stvari koje žene čine izuzetno dobro, kao što se vidi. 7:28 Ako pogledate teoriju upravljanja ovih dana, nekad je idealni vođa zvučao nešto poput generala Pattona, zar ne. Zapovijedi su stizale odozgo. Postojala je stroga hijerarhija. Govorili biste svima ispod vas što imaju raditi. Ali danas idealni lider ne izgleda tako. Ako danas čitate knjige o upravljanju, vođa je onaj tko zna potaknuti kreativnost, koji može potaknuti – potaknuti njegove zaposlene – vidite, još uvijek govorim „njegove“ -- koji može potaknuti djelatnike da međusobno razgovaraju, koji može sklopiti timove i učiniti ih kreativnim. A sve su to stvari koje žene rade vrlo dobro. 7:58 A povrh svega toga, ovo proizvodi povezani učinak. Žene se zapošljavaju na vrhu, a tada na razini radničke klase, svi novi poslovi koji nastaju su poslovi kakve su supruge radile besplatno kod kuće. To je briga o djeci, briga o starijima i priprema hrane. I to su poslovi čija potražnja raste, to su poslovi koje obično rade žene. Možda će se jednog dana dogoditi da će majke zaposliti srednjovječnog, nezaposlenog, nekadašnjeg radnika u čeličani da im kod kuće pazi na djecu, i to bi bilo dobro za muškarce, ali to se još nije dogodilo. 8:30 Da biste vidjeli što će se dogoditi, ne možete samo promatrati današnju radnu snagu, morate gledati i našu buduću radnu snagu. A ovdje je priča prilično jednostavna. Žene dobivaju fakultetske diplome bržim tempom nego muškarci. Zašto? Ovo je prava tajna. Muškarce se pita, zašto se naprosto ne vratite na fakultet, večernju školu, na primjer, i prekvalificirate se, naučite nove vještine. Ispostavlja se da su muškarci vrlo neskloni tako nečemu. Naučili su o sebi misliti kao o onima o kojima obitelj ovisi, i čini se da ne mogu izgraditi društvene mreže koje im omogućavaju da završe fakultet. Dakle, iz nekog razloga muškarci se naprosto ne vraćaju na fakultet. Ono što je još više uznemirujuće je ono što se događa s mlađim dječacima. Imamo čitavo desetljeće istraživanja onoga što se naziva dječačkom krizom. Dječačka kriza je ideja da vrlo mladi dječaci, iz kojeg god razloga, u školi prolaze lošije nego vrlo mlade djevojčice. I ljudi imaju teorije o tome. Je li to zato što nam je nastavni program previše verbalan, a djevojčice su u tome bolje od dječaka? Ili zato što zahtijevamo od djece da mirno sjede previše vremena, pa se dječaci već u početku osjećaju neuspješnima? Neki kažu da je razlog, što u 9. razredu dječaci počinju napuštati školu. Kako pišem knjigu o svemu ovome, još uvijek to istražujem, pa nemam odgovor. No, u međuvremenu, pozvat ću svjetskog obrazovnog stručnjaka, a to je moja desetogodišnja kći, Noah, koja će vam pričati o tome zašto dječaci u njezinom razredu prolaze lošije. 9:51 (Video) Noah: Djevojčice su očito pametnije. Misim, imaju puno veći rječnik. Puno brže uče. One bolje vladaju sobom. Na današnjem popisu onih koji sutra gube pravo na odmor, samo dječaci. 10:03 Hanna Rosin: A zašto je to tako? 10:05 Noah: Zašto? Oni naprosto nisu slušali na satu dok su djevojčice lijepo sjedile. 10:09 HR: Eto vidite. Čitava teza mi se objasnila kad sam pošla u posjet fakultetu u Kansas Cityju -- koledžu radničke klase. Dok sam ja bila na fakultetu, svakako sam imala određena očekivanja od života -- da ćemo i suprug i ja oboje raditi, i da ćemo podjednako odgajati djecu. Ali ove studentice su imale posve drugačiji pogled na svoju budućnost. Ono kako su to meni objasnile je, da će raditi 18 sati dnevno, da će im suprug možda imati posao, no da će uglavnom biti kod kuće vodeći brigu o mačićima. I to mi je bilo šokantno. A ovo je moj najdraži citat jedne od djevojaka: "Muškarci su nova kugla na lancu." 10:50 Vi se smijete, ali taj navod ima i žalac u sebi, da. A razlog zašto mislim da ima žalac je u tome što se tisuće godina povijesti ne mogu preokrenuti bez puno patnje. I zato govorim da svi kroz ovo prolazimo zajedno. Istu večer nakon razgovora sa studenticama, pošla sam i na muški skup u Kansasu. Bile su to točno onakve žrtve proizvodne ekonomije, o kojima sam vam govorila ranije. Ti su muškarci radili kao kooperanti, ili su zidali kuće i izgubili su posao nakon eksplozije nekretnina, i našli su se u ovoj grupi podrške jer nisu mogli plaćati alimentaciju za svoju djecu. Tamo je bio i instruktor koji im je objašnjavao na koje su sve načine izgubili svoj identitet u ovom novom vremenu. Govorio im je da više nemaju nikakvog moralnog autoriteta, da ih više nitko ne treba za emocionalnu podršku, i da zapravo više nisu oni ti koji osiguravaju obitelj. Pa tko su onda? To im je bilo vrlo demoralizirajuće. Ono što je instruktor učinio, napisao je na ploči $85.000, i rekao, „To je njezina plaća“. A zatim je napisao $12.000. "To je vaša plaća. Pa, tko je sada muško?“, upitao ih je. "Tko je prokleto muško? Ona je sada muško." I ovo je izazvalo drhtavicu u prostoriji. Dio razloga zašto volim pričati o ovome je taj što mislim da ovo može biti vrlo bolno, i zaista se moramo potruditi oko toga. 12:08 A drugi razlog zašto je ovo hitno je u tome što se ovo ne događa samo u SAD-u. Događa se širom svijeta. U Indiji, siromašne žene uče engleski brže od svojih muških vršnjaka kako bi se zaposlile u novim call centrima koji su u porastu u Indiji. U Kini, velik dio novih privatnih poduzeća nastaje zato što žene osnivaju tvrtke, male tvrtke, brže od muškaraca. A ovo je moj najdraži primjer, iz Južne Koreje. Tijekom nekoliko desetljeća, Južna Koreja je stvorila jedno od najpatrijarhalnijih društava za koje znamo. Oni su, u suštini, ugradili drugorazredni status žena u građanski zakon. Ako bi žena propustila roditi mušku djecu, tretirali su je kao kućnu poslugu. A katkada se obitelj molila duhovima da ubiju žensko dijete kako bi mogli dobiti dječaka. Ali tijekom 70-tih i 80-tih, vlada Južne Koreje je odlučila da se žele brzo industrijalizirati, pa su učinili to, da su počeli gurati žene u radnu snagu. Ovo pitanje im postavljaju od 1985: "Koliko vam je važno da vam je prvo dijete sin?" Pogledajte na prikaz. Ovo je razdoblje od 1985. do 2003. Koliko je važno da vam je prvo dijete sin? 13:14 Pa vidite da ove ekonomske promjene zaista imaju snažan utjecaj na našu kulturu. Budući da nismo sasvim probavili ove informacije, na neki način nam se vraćaju kroz pop kulturu na različite čudne i pretjerane načine, gdje možete vidjeti da se stereotipi mijenjaju. Pa sad imamo na muškoj strani, pojavljivanje onoga što jedan moj kolega naziva „omega muškarcima“, a to su muškarci koji su romantično nesnalažljivi gubitnici koji ne mogu naći posao. A pojavljuju se u najrazličitijim oblicima. Pa imamo vječitog adolescenta. Imamo čovjekomrsca bez šarma. Pa imamo tipa koji pije pivo s manje alkohola koji je zadovoljni ležač na kauču. A tu je i šok: čak i najseksipilniji živi Amerikanac, najseksipilniji živi muškarac ovih dana je emocionalno iskorišten u filmu. A na ženskoj strani, imate obrnuto, imate te lude superjunakinje. Imate Lady Gagu. Imate novog Jamesa Bonda, a to je Angelina Jolie. I nije to samo za mlade, da. Čak i Helen Mirren ovih dana zna držati pištolj. Pa se čini da se moramo maknuti iz ove situacije u kojoj imate te uber-pretjerane prikaze, u nešto što izgleda malo normalnije. 14:26 Dugo smo vremena u ekonomskoj sferi, živjeli s pojmom stakleni plafon. Nikada nisam stvarno voljela taj izraz. S jedne strane, on muškarce i žene zapravo dovodi u međusoban sukob, jer su muškarci ti varljivi manipulatori koji su postavili taj stakleni plafon. A mi smo uvijek ispod tog staklenog plafona, mi žene. Mi imamo puno znanja i iskustva, ali je riječ o triku, pa kako se osoba može pripremiti za proboj tog staklenog plafona. Isto tako, razbijanje staklenog plafona je užasna fraza. Koji bi to luđak probijao stakleni plafon glavom? 14:58 Pa je predodžba o kojoj volim razmišljati, umjesto staklenog plafona, jedan visoki most. Definitivno je zastrašujuće stajati u podnožju visokog mosta, ali je također i uzbudljivo, jer je lijepo ondje gore, i odatle se pruža lijep pogled. A najbolja stvar u tome je što nema trika poput staklenog plafona. Nema muškarca ili žene koji stoji u sredini i sprema se presjeći sajle. Nema rupe u sredini kroz koju ćete propasti. I odlična je stvar da možete sa sobom povesti koga hoćete. Možete sa sobom povesti supruga. Možete povesti svoje prijatelje, ili kolege, ili povesti osobu koja vam čuva dijete. A muževi mogu povući svoje žene prijeko, ako se one ne osjećaju spremne. Ali bitno kod visokog mosta je to da morate imati samopouzdanje da znate da zaslužujete biti na tom mostu, da imate svo znanje i iskustvo koje vam treba kako biste prešli visoki most, ali naprosto morate donijeti odluku da ćete napraviti prvi korak i izvršiti je. 15:51 Puno vam hvala.