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www.towerofbabelfish.com/the-method/spaced-repetition/”Anki, although I’ve had students who didn’t take my No Translation advice and found that they had serious difficulties remembering the translations for certain words even with Anki). Two, let’s look at what happens when you see this: First, you think “house”. Then, if all goes well, you think “the word for house in French is ‘maison’. I think it’s feminine. La maison”. No problem, right? Well, yes and no. If speaking French was a matter of being shown a picture of a house and you having to regurgitate ‘la maison’, then you now speak French. Since speaking French is a bit more complex, your translating will only get you so far. Even with a simple question like “Is there a dog in that house?”, you will run into serious issues. “Est-ce qu’il y a un chien dans cette maison?” translates to “Is it that it there has a dog in this house?”. There is a limit to translation. You can make your translations more and more complex, and you can get very fast at them, but it will never be as fast or as fluent as simply thinking in the language. Why train When you could instead train: Doing this allows you to instantly think the word “maison” as soon as you see the picture, and that’s your goal, isn’t it? You’re not trying to teach yourself to be a translator, you’re trying to teach yourself to speak French. Speaking French involves looking at objects and knowing, instantly, how to describe that object in French. It involves thinking about the existence of a dog in the house and immediately thinking “Est-ce qu’il y a…”. Translation is too slow – you need words that come instantly to your tongue. There’s a trick here, of course. You need some language to get more language, and if you’re an absolute beginner, you don’t have the language you need. You may not even have the alphabet you need; if your first word in Russian is “ЗдpaBcTByйTe!”, you don’t yet have any of the tools you need to learn what that means, and you can bet you’ll be running to an English-Russian dictionary. The trick is to use English as a temporary crutch, and wean yourself off of it as soon as possible, usually within a couple of months (although you may still need that dictionary from time to time when writing about new topics). You use English to find the words you need. We’ll discuss frequency lists and choosing your vocabulary later on, but to go back to our house example, if you’re walking along the street and see a house, and realize that “house” is not yet in your French vocabulary, you will need to go home and look up “house” in a French-English dictionary in order to get “la maison”. Here’s where No Translation kicks in. When you put this word into Anki, you need to figure out how to remind yourself of the meaning of the word without any English. For ‘la maison’, this is pretty easy. Type in “la maison’ in Google images, and you’ll find a whole bunch of appropriate houses. For abstract concepts like “truth”, this gets more complicated. As I said above, you need some language to get language, and so you’ll need to either wait until you’ve picked up enough French words to write a simple definition, or you’ll have to use more abstract images. Here’s an early chain of words that might build you up to “truth”: (mensonge = “a lie”, pas = “not/no”, “pas le mensonge” = “not a lie”, “la vérité” = “the truth”) There are a few important things going in in this example. First off, the Pinocchio reference could refer to a bunch of things – a liar, lying, a puppet, a fairy tale. Because I chose the image for “a lie”, I know what I’m referring to. This is a key point; you either have to make your own cards, or you need to know exactly what the images are referring to ahead of time. Anki takes care of memorization, but it’s not ideal for learning a concept the first time. Each time you see a card in Anki, it should remind you of a learning experience you already had. Second, I had to understand some grammar concepts (how to negate a concept using “pas”) before I could write it. You’d learn this in the first chapters of a French grammar book (which you should own). After reading the section on “pas”, if I wanted to teach myself how to use it correctly, I could make this grammar exercise: Last, you’ll notice I’m building a network of interrelated words. My definition of vérité depends upon my definitions of pas and mensonge. This is exactly what we’re looking for; the more connections between words, the better. This is what words, at their core, really are – connections between other words. Your concept of lies should contain all sorts of associations – from Pinocchio to that politician you can’t stand to some embarrassing experience as a kid – all of these associations strengthen and give meaning to that little word, and you’re trying to build those connections manually with these new words in a new language. The concept of “mensonge” in French should have new associations – French ones – and some of those associations should be with words like vérité and pas (and maybe Pinocchio). I go into more detail in the book as to how you practically do this with every type of word and concept, but the basic idea is this: - Use pictures as much as you can. - For abstract words, combine pictures and simple definitions. - If you can’t write a simple definition, skip the word until later, when you can. - For grammar, just copy the fill-in-the-blank structure you’ll find in any grammar workbook. 1-2 examples of each grammar rule are enough; Anki will take care of putting it into your head. Some relevant blog posts: - Learning grammar and abstract words without translation - Translated Google Image links for Language Learning - Preposition Images for Anki - Reader Q&A: On Grammar - On dealing with non-phonetic languages and homophones - On dealing with abstract words - The Best Source of Words in Context: Google Images + Google Translate" href="http://www.towerofbabelfish.com
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www.towerofbabelfish.com/the-method/spaced-repetition/”Struja, iako sam imala studente koji nisu položili moj nema prijevoda savjete i utvrdili da su ozbiljne poteškoće prisjećajući prijevode određenih riječi čak i sa Anki). Dva, pogledajmo što se događa kad vidiš ovo: Prvi, mislite "kuću". Zatim, ako sve ide dobro, mislite "riječ za kuću u francuskom je 'maison'. Mislim da je ženstvena. Početna ". Nema problema, pravo? Dobro, da i ne. Ako govori francuski je stvar koja se pokazala sliku kuće i da se podrigivati 'la maison', onda sada govori francuski. Budući govorio francuski je malo složeniji, Vaš prevođenje samo da će vam se dosad. Čak s jednostavnim pitanjem poput "Ima li pas u toj kući?", da će se izvoditi u ozbiljnim problemima. "Ima li pas u kući?"Prevodi na "Je li to da tamo ima psa u ovoj kući?". Postoji granica do prijevoda. Možete napraviti svoje prijevode sve više i složenije, i možete dobiti vrlo brzo, na njih, ali to nikada neće biti tako brzo i tečno, kao što su jednostavno misleći na jeziku. Zašto vlaka Kada umjesto toga mogao trenirati: Pri tome vam odmah razmišljati riječ "Maison" čim vidi sliku, i to je vaš cilj, nije li? Vi ne pokušavate naučiti sebe da se prevoditelj, pokušavate naučiti sebe da govori francuski. Govoreći francuski uključuje gleda na objektima i znajući, odmah, Kako opisati taj objekt na francuskom. To uključuje razmišljanje o postojanju psa u kući i odmah razmišljanja "Predviđeno-ce qu'il ya…". Prijevod je prespor – morate riječi koje dolaze odmah na jezik. Postoji trik ovdje, naravno. Morate neki jezik kako bi dobili više jezika, a ako ste apsolutni početnik, nemate jezik vam je potrebno. Vi svibanj čak i ne imati abecedu što je potrebno; ako je vaše prve riječi na ruskom je "ЗдpaBcTByйTe!", još uvijek ne imati bilo koji od alata trebate naučiti što to znači, a možete se kladiti da će se prikazivati na Engleski-ruski rječnik. Trik je koristiti engleski kao privremeni štaka, i sami odvikavati off od njega što je prije moguće, obično u roku od par mjeseci (Iako možda ćete ipak morati taj rječnik s vremena na vrijeme kada je pisao o novim temama). Možete koristiti engleski naći riječi koje su vam potrebne. Mi ćemo razgovarati o frekvenciji liste i odabiru vašeg rječnik poslije, , ali da se vrati u našu kuću primjer, ako hodaš ulicom i vidjeti kuću, i shvatiti da je "kuća" još nije u francuskom vokabularu, morat ćete otići kući i pogledati "kuću" u francuski-engleski rječnik kako bi dobili "La Maison". Evo gdje nema prijevod slatkiš. Kada ste stavili tu riječ u Anki, morate shvatiti kako se podsjetiti smislu te riječi, bez bilo Engleski. Za 'dom', to je prilično jednostavno. Tip u 'kući' u Google slike, i naći ćete hrpu odgovarajućih kuća. Za apstraktnih pojmova kao što su "istine", to dobiva složeniji. Kao što sam rekao gore, trebate neki jezik da se jezik, i tako da ćete morati ili čekati dok ste pokupili dovoljno francuske riječi napisati jednostavnu definiciju, ili ćete morati koristiti više apstraktne slike. Evo već lanac riječi koje bi mogle izgraditi do "istine": (mensonge = "laž", Europska = "Ne / ne", "Ne laži" = "Ne laži", "Istina" = "Istina") Tu su nekoliko važnih stvari idu u ovom primjeru. Prije svega, Pinocchio referenca mogla odnositi na hrpa stvari – lažac, laganje, lutak, bajka. Zato sam izabrao sliku za "laž", Ja znam što govorim. To je ključna točka; možete ili napraviti svoj vlastiti kartice, ili što trebate znati točno što su slike koje se odnose na unaprijed. Anki brine za pamćenje, ali to nije idealno za učenje koncept prvi put. Svaki put kad vidim karton u Anki, to bi trebalo podsjetiti na učenje iskustvo koje ste već imali. Drugi, Morao sam shvatiti neke gramatičke pojmove (kako negirati pojam "pas" koristeći) prije nego što sam mogao napisati to. Vi biste saznali to u prvim poglavljima francuske gramatike (koju treba posjedovati). Nakon čitanja odjeljak o "pašnjak", ako sam se želio naučiti kako ga koristiti pravilno, Mogao bi ove vježbe gramatike: Zadnji, primijetit ćete mi gradi mrežu međusobno povezanih riječi. Moja definicija Verite ovisi o mojim definicijama pas i mensonge. To je upravo ono što tražimo; više veze između riječi, bolje. To je ono što riječi, u svojoj jezgri, Stvarno su – Veze između Drugim riječima. Vaš koncept laži treba sadržavati sve vrste udruga – Pinocchio iz tog političara ne mogu podnijeti da neko neugodno iskustvo kao klinac - sve ove udruge ojačati i dati smisao tog malog riječi, a vi pokušavate izgraditi svoje veze ručno s ovim novim riječima u novom jeziku. Pojam "mensonge" u francuskom trebali imati nove udruge – Francuski one – a neke od tih udruga treba biti s riječima poput Verite i PAS (a možda Pinocchio). Idem u više detalja u knjizi kako možete praktično učiniti sa svakom vrstom riječi i pojmova, ali osnovna ideja je ova: - Koristite slike koliko god možete. - Za apstraktnim riječima, kombinirati slike i jednostavne definicije. - Ako ne možete napisati jednostavnu definiciju, preskočite riječ tek kasnije, kad možete. - Za gramatiku, jednostavno kopirati fill-in-prazan-strukture koje ćete naći u bilo kojoj knjizi gramatike. 1-2 primjeri svake gramatike pravilu su dovoljne; Anki će se pobrinuti za stavljajući ga u glavu. Neki relevantni blog postove: - Učenje gramatike i apstraktne riječi bez prijevoda - Prevedene Google slike linkovi za učenje jezika - Prijedlog Slike za Anki - Reader P&A: Na gramatike - Na koje se bave ne-fonetske jezika i Homophones - On se bavi apstraktnim riječima - Najbolji izvor riječi u kontekstu: Google Images + Google Translate" href="http://www.towerofbabelfish.com