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Subtitles and Transcript 0:12 The Hindus say, "Nada brahma," one translation of which is, "The world is sound." And in a way, that's true, because everything is vibrating. In fact, all of you as you sit here right now are vibrating. Every part of your body is vibrating at different frequencies. So you are, in fact, a chord -- each of you an individual chord. One definition of health may be that that chord is in complete harmony. Your ears can't hear that chord; they can actually hear amazing things. Your ears can hear 10 octaves. Incidentally, we see just one octave. Your ears are always on -- you have no ear lids. They work even when you sleep. The smallest sound you can perceive moves your eardrum just four atomic diameters. The loudest sound you can hear is a trillion times more powerful than that. 0:55 Ears are made not for hearing, but for listening. Listening is an active skill, whereas hearing is passive, listening is something that we have to work at -- it's a relationship with sound. And yet it's a skill that none of us are taught. For example, have you ever considered that there are listening positions, places you can listen from? Here are two of them. Reductive listening is listening "for." It reduces everything down to what's relevant and it discards everything that's not relevant. Men typically listen reductively. So he's saying, "I've got this problem." He's saying, "Here's your solution. Thanks very much. Next." That's the way we talk, right guys? 1:30 Expansive listening, on the other hand, is listening "with," not listening "for." It's got no destination in mind -- it's just enjoying the journey. Women typically listen expansively. If you look at these two, eye contact, facing each other, possibly both talking at the same time. (Laughter) Men, if you get nothing else out of this talk, practice expansive listening, and you can transform your relationships. 1:53 The trouble with listening is that so much of what we hear is noise, surrounding us all the time. Noise like this, according to the European Union, is reducing the health and the quality of life of 25 percent of the population of Europe. Two percent of the population of Europe -- that's 16 million people -- are having their sleep devastated by noise like that. Noise kills 200,000 people a year in Europe. It's a really big problem. 2:22 Now, when you were little, if you had noise and you didn't want to hear it, you'd stick your fingers in your ears and hum. These days, you can do a similar thing, it just looks a bit cooler. It looks a bit like this. The trouble with widespread headphone use is it brings three really big health issues. The first really big health issue is a word that Murray Schafer coined: "schizophonia." It's a dislocation between what you see and what you hear. So, we're inviting into our lives the voices of people who are not present with us. I think there's something deeply unhealthy about living all the time in schizophonia. 2:54 The second problem that comes with headphone abuse is compression. We squash music to fit it into our pocket and there is a cost attached to this. Listen to this -- this is an uncompressed piece of music. (Music) And now the same piece of music with 98 percent of the data removed. (Music) I do hope that some of you at least can hear the difference between those two. There is a cost of compression. It makes you tired and irritable to have to make up all of that data. You're having to imagine it. It's not good for you in the long run. 3:30 The third problem with headphones is this: deafness -- noise-induced hearing disorder. Ten million Americans already have this for one reason or another, but really worryingly, 16 percent -- roughly one in six -- of American teenagers suffer from noise-induced hearing disorder as a result of headphone abuse. One study at an American university found that 61 percent of college freshmen had damaged hearing as a result of headphone abuse. We may be raising an entire generation of deaf people. Now that's a really serious problem. 4:03 I'll give you three quick tips to protect your ears and pass these on to your children, please. Professional hearing protectors are great; I use some all the time. If you're going to use headphones, buy the best ones you can afford because quality means you don't have to have it so loud. If you can't hear somebody talking to you in a loud voice, it's too loud. And thirdly, if you're in bad sound, it's fine to put your fingers in your ears or just move away from it. Protect your ears in that way. 4:26 Let's move away from bad sound and look at some friends that I urge you to seek out. WWB: Wind, water, birds -- stochastic natural sounds composed of lots of individual random events, all of it very healthy, all of it sound that we evolved to over the years. Seek those sounds out; they're good for you and so it this. Silence is beautiful. The Elizabethans described language as decorated silence. I urge you to move away from silence with intention and to design soundscapes just like works of art. Have a foreground, a background, all in beautiful proportion. It's fun to get into designing with sound. If you can't do it yourself, get a professional to do it for you. Sound design is the future, and I think it's the way we're going to change the way the world sounds. 5:14 I'm going to just run quickly through eight modalities, eight ways sound can improve health. First, ultrasound: we're very familiar with it from physical therapy; it's also now being used to treat cancer. Lithotripsy -- saving thousands of people a year from the scalpel by pulverizing stones with high-intensity sound. Sound healing is a wonderful modality. It's been around for thousands of years. I do urge you to explore this. There are great things being done there, treating now autism, dementia and other conditions. And music, of course. Just listening to music is good for you, if it's music that's made with good intention, made with love, generally. Devotional music, good -- Mozart, good. There are all sorts of types of music that are very healthy. 5:53 And four modalities where you need to take some action and get involved. First of all, listen consciously. I hope that that after this talk you'll be doing that. It's a whole new dimension to your life and it's wonderful to have that dimension. Secondly, get in touch with making some sound -- create sound. The voice is the instrument we all play, and yet how many of us are trained in using our voice? Get trained; learn to sing, learn to play an instrument. Musicians have bigger brains -- it's true. You can do this in groups as well. It's a fantastic antidote to schizophonia; to make music and sound in a group of people, whichever style you enjoy particularly. And let's take a stewarding role for the sound around us. Protect your ears? Yes, absolutely. Design soundscapes to be beautiful around you at home and at work. And let's start to speak up when people are assailing us with the noise that I played you early on. 6:42 So I'm going to leave you with seven things you can do right now to improve your health with sound. My vision is of a world that sounds beautiful and if we all start doing these things, we will take a very big step in that direction. So I urge you to take that path. 6:57 I'm leaving you with a little more birdsong, which is very good for you. I wish you sound health. 7:01 (Applause)
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Subtitles and Transcript Translated by Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG Reviewed by Tilen Pigac - EFZG 0:12 Hindusi kažu, "Nada brahma", jedan od prijevoda bi bio, "Svijet je zvuk." I, na neki način, to je istina, jer sve vibrira. U stvari, svi vi dok sjedite ovdje vibrirate. Svaki dio našeg tijela vibrira na drugoj frekvenciji. Tako ste vi, u stvari, akord svatko od vas zasebni akord. Jedna definicija zdravlja bi mogla biti da je taj akord u potpunoj harmoniji. Vaše uši ne mogu čuti taj akord. U stvari one mogu čuti frapantne stvari. Vaše uši mogu čuti 10 oktava. Sporedno, vidimo samo jednu oktavu. Vaše uši su uvijek uključene. Nemate kapke za uši. One rade čak i kada spavate. Najmanji zvuk koji možete percipirati pomiče vaše bubnjiće za samo četiri atomska dijametra. Najjači zvuk koji možete čuti je bilijun puta moćniji od toga. 0:55 Uši nisu stvorene da čuju, već da slušaju. Slušanje je aktivna vještina. Dok je čujenje pasivno, slušanje je nešto na čemu trebamo raditi. To je odnos sa zvukom. A opet to je vještina koju nitko od nas nije učio. Na primjer, jeste li ikada razmišljali kako postoje pozicije za slušanje, mjesta sa kojih možete slušati? Ovo su dva od njih. Reduktivno slušanje je slušanje "za". Ono reducira sve oko nas na ono što je relevantno, i odbacuje sve što nije relevantno. Muškarci tipično slučaju reduktivno. Tako on govori, "Imam ovaj problem." On odgovara, "Ovdje je tvoje rješenje. Hvala puno. Slijedeće." To je način na koji govorimo, točno dečki? 1:30 Ekspanzivno slušanje, u drugu ruku, je slušanje "sa", ne slušanje "za". Ono nema odredište u umu. Ono predstavlja uživanje putovanja. Žene tipično slušaju ekspanzivno. Ako pogledate njih dvije, kontakt očima, suočene jedna s drugom, vjerojatno obje govore u isto vrijeme. (Smijeh) Muškarci, ako ništa ne dobijete iz ovog govora, vježbajte ekspanzivno slušanje, i možete promijeniti svoje veze. 1:53 Problem sa slušanjem je da je puno toga što čujemo buka, koja nas okružuje cijelo vrijeme. Buka poput ove, prema Europskoj uniji, smanjuje zdravlje i kvalitetu života za 25% europske populacije. 2% europske populacije -- to je 16 milijuna ljudi -- ima uništene snove zbog buke poput ove. Buka ubija 200,000 ljudi godišnje u Europi. To je stvarno veliki problem. 2:22 Kada ste bili mali i kada ste čuli buku koji niste željeli čuti, stavili biste prste u uši i mrmljali. Danas možete učiniti sličnu stvar, samo što to izgleda malo suptilnije. Izgleda otprilike ovako. Problem sa širokom uporabom slušalica jest da donosi tri stvarno velika zdravstvena problema. Prvi stvarno veliki zdravstveni problem je sročio Murray Schafer: "šizofonija." To je neusklađenost između onoga što vidite i čujete. Dakle pozivamo u naše živote glasove ljudi koji nisu prisutni. Mislim kako postoji nešto jako nezdravo sa stalnim životom u šizofoniji. 2:54 Drugi problem koji dolazi s zlouporabom slušalica jest kompresija. Sažmemo muziku tako da nam stane u džep, i s time je povezan trošak. Slušajte ovo. Ovo je nekomprimirana muzika. (Muzika) I sada isti komad muzike s 98 posto uklonjenih podataka. (Muzika) Nadam se kako bar neki od vas mogu čuti razliku između to dvoje. Tu je trošak kompresije. On vas čini umornim i iziritiranim jer morate nadoknaditi sve te podatke. Morat ćete ih zamisliti. To nije dobro za vas na dugi rok. 3:30 Treći problem sa slušalicama je: gluhoća -- zvukom uzrokovan poremećaj sluha. 10 milijuna Amerikanaca već ima ovaj poremećaj, zbog ovog ili onog razloga, ali stvarno zabrinjavajuće, 16 posto, ugrubo jedan od šest američkih adolescenta pati od zvukom uzrokovanog poremećaja sluha kao posljedice štetnog djelovanja slušalica. Jedna studija na jednom američkom sveučilištu pronašla je kako 61 posto brucoša ima oštećen sluh kao posljedica štetnog djelovanja slušalica. Možda podižemo cijelu generaciju gluhih ljudi. To je stvarno ozbiljan problem. 4:03 Dati ću vam tri brza savjeta kako zaštiti svoje uši, i proslijedite ih svojoj djeci, molim vas. Profesionalni štitnici zvuka su izvrsni; ja ih koristim cijelo vrijeme. Ako ćete koristiti slušalice, kupite najbolje koje si možete priuštiti, jer kvaliteta znači da ih ne morate slušati tako glasno. Ako ne čujete dok vam netko glasno govori, onda je preglasno. I treće, ako ste izloženi lošem zvuku, prihvatljivo je staviti prste u uši ili se jednostavno odmaknuti. Štitite svoje uši na taj način. 4:26 Prijeđimo s lošeg zvuka i molim vas da potražimo neke prijatelje. WWB: Vjetar, voda, ptice -- stohastički prirodni zvukovi komponirani od puno pojedinačnih slučajnih događaja, svaki od njih jako zdrav, uz sve njih smo evoluirali tijekom godina. Potražite te zvukove; oni su dobri za vas, i ovo je. Tišina je divna. Elizabetijanci su nekada opisivali jezik kao dekoriranu tišinu. Pozivam vas da se odmaknete od tišine s namjerom i dizajnirate zvučne obrasce kao umjetnička djela. Imajte prednji dio, stražnji dio, sve u prekrasnim proporcijama. Zabavno je dizajnirati zvukom. Ako ne možete to učiniti sami, uzmite profesionalca da to učini umjesto vas. Dizajn zvukom jest budućnost, i mislim kako je to put s kojim ćemo promijeniti način na koji svijet zvuči. 5:14 Proći ću brzo kroz osam modaliteta, osam načina putem kojih zvuk može poboljšati zdravlje. Prvo, ultrazvuk: prilično smo upoznati s fizičkom terapijom. Sada se koristi i za liječenje raka. Litotripsija -- spašava tisuće ljudi godišnje od skalpela drobljenjem kamenca sa zvukom visokog intenziteta. Liječenje zvukom predstavlja prekrasan modalitet. S nama je tisućama godina. Potičem vas da to istražite. Sjajne stvari se tu rade, liječi se autizam, demencija i druga stanja. I glazba, naravno. Samo slušanje glazbe je dobro za vas, ako je to glazba koja je rađena s dobrom namjerom, napravljena s ljubavlju, općenito. Molitvena glazba je dobra. Mozart, dobar. Postoje različite vrste glazbe koje su jako zdrave. 5:53 I četiri modaliteta gdje trebate neku akciju i uključenost. Prije svega, slušajte svjesno. Nadam se da ćete nakon ovog govora raditi upravo to. To je jedna cijela nova dimenzija vašem životu, i prekrasno je imati tu dimenziju. Drugo, počnite stvarati neki zvuk. Kreirajte zvuk. Glas je instrument koji svi sviramo, a ipak koliko je nas istrenirano da se koristi glasom? Trenirajte. Naučite pjevati. Naučite svirati instrument. Glazbenici imaju veći mozak -- to je istina. To možete raditi i u grupama. To je fantastična preventiva za šizofoniju, stvarati glazbu i zvuk u grupi ljudi, koji god partikularni stil preferirali. I mogli bi preuzeti ulogu čuvara zvukova oko nas. Zaštititi svoje uši? Da, apsolutno. Stvorite prelijepe zvučne obrasce koji će biti oko vas u kući i na poslu. I počnimo se buniti kada nas ljudi počnu zasipati bukom koju sam vam puštao ranije. 6:42 Ostaviti ću vas sa sedam stvari koji možete učiniti odmah sada kako biste poboljšali svoje zdravlje sa zvukom. Moja vizija je svijet koji zvuči prelijepo, i ako svi započnemo raditi te stvari, učiniti ćemo veliki korak u tom smjeru. Zato vas pozivam da krenete tim putem. 6:57 Ostaviti ću vas s još malo ptičjeg pjeva, koji je jako dobar za vas. Želim vam puno zdravlja. 7:01 (Pljesak)