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What is celiac disease? Celiac disease is a digestive disease that damages the small intestine because of a sensitivity to gluten, which is found in wheat, rye, barley, and oats. This hereditary disorder interferes with the absorption of nutrients from food. When people with celiac disease eat foods containing gluten, their immune system responds by damaging the small intestine. Tiny fingerlike protrusions, called villi, which line the small intestine and enable the absorption of nutrients from food into the bloodstream, are lost. Without these villi, malnutrition occurs, regardless of how much food a person consumes. Celiac disease is more common in people of European ancestry, Caucasians, and people with type 1 diabetes. More than 2 million Americans have been diagnosed with celiac disease; however, recent studies have suggested that as many as one in every 133 Americans may have it, and that the disease is underdiagnosed. What are the symptoms of celiac disease? Celiac disease affects people in different ways. Some persons may develop symptoms as children, whereas others do not experience symptoms until adulthood. Some may have diarrhea and abdominal pains, while others have irritability or depression with the onset of the disease. While the following are common symptoms of celiac disease, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: - Chronic diarrhea or constipation - Weight loss - Recurring abdominal pain and bloating - Gas - Pale, foul-smelling stool - Unexplained anemia - Muscle cramps and/or bone pain - Pain in the joints - Tingling numbness in the legs - Delayed growth - Fatigue - Painful skin rash - Missed menstrual periods (which is linked to excessive weight loss) - Tooth discoloration or loss of enamel Sometimes, people with celiac disease are asymptomatic, because the undamaged part of the small intestine is still able to absorb enough nutrients. However, these people are still at risk for complications of the disease. The symptoms of celiac disease may resemble other medical conditions or problems. Always consult your doctor for a diagnosis. Living with Celiac Disease Once a diagnosis has been made, the only treatment to heal the GI tract and improve symptoms is a lifelong adherence to a gluten free diet. Individuals with Celiac Disease enjoy healthy, active lifestyles, not only during everyday activities but during holidays and special events as well. At the Kogan Celiac Center at Barnabas Health Ambulatory Care Center, we have qualified healthcare professionals who are able to provide a wealth of information and resources to help individuals make the transition to a gluten free diet and long term health. We lead support groups, provide expert education, and develop strategies for cooking, label-reading, dining out and traveling as part of our commitment to supporting patients after diagnosis with celiac disease. Our goal is to help establish positive lifestyle changes and improve quality of life by increasing awareness, expanding knowledge and encouraging self-advocacy for patients, their families and the community at large. The Kogan Celiac Center, located at the Barnabas Health Ambulatory Care Center, offers comprehensive testing and treatment for celiac disease for adults and children. The Center is dedicated to providing expert services that include early assessment and diagnosis, treatment, education and support to improve the health and well being of those who live with celiac disease. [ top ]
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Vjerojatno ste već čuli za celijakliju. O njoj se sve više priča i zauzima sve više prostora u medijima, a kako i ne bi kada sve više ljudi, poglavito mladih, obolijeva od ove pritajene bolesti. Ukratko, celijaklija je alergija na gluten. Bolest se ne može izliječiti i najčešće je genetski uvjetovana, odnosno prenosi se unutar obitelji te može mirovati godinama dok se jednom ne aktivira, a aktivatori mogu biti stres, operacije, razne infekcije te trudnoća. Bolest se razvija u crijevima, točnije u tankom crijevu, a nastaje zbog kompliciranih reakcija crijeva na gluten. Gluten se nalazi u hrani, ali i u drugim stvarima kao primjerice lijekovima, vitaminima pa čak i balzamima za usne. Hrana koja obiluje glutenom su žitarice, primjerice raž, ječam, pšenica, zob. Stoga je najbolje ove namirnice izbjegavati ukoliko nam je dijagnosticirana celijaklija. Također, treba znati da glutena, prije svega onoga iz pšenice, ima u mnogim drugim proizvodima, kao što su pekarski proizvodi, razni kupovni keksi, tjestenina i slično. Dakle, kada sve zbrojimo, možemo zaključiti da se oboljeli od celijaklije moraju mnogo toga odreći žele li normalno živjeti. Naime, prehrana bez glutena pomaže da se sluznica crijeva oporavi te tako obavlja svoju funkciju. Ukoliko se oboljeli od celijaklije ne pridržavaju strogih prehrambenih pravila, posljedice mogu biti kobne, a najčešće se razvija nekakav oblik tumora crijeva. No, s druge strane, ukoliko to čine, mogu voditi dug i normalan život. Simptomi celijaklije su kronični proljev ili zatvor, napuhnutost, grčevi, povraćanje, umor, anemija, trnci u tijelu, depresija, izostanak ili neredovita menstruacija, afte, slab apetit, slabost mišića i slično. Kod djece je posebno opasna jer, primjerice može usporiti pravilan razvoj puberteta. Kao što smo rekli, za ovu bolest nema lijeka, stoga je jedino rješenje da se stvari stave pod kontrolu – stroga bezglutenska dijeta. Ovo podrazumijeva prehranu bez žitarica, a dozvoljene namirnice su povrće, prije svega rajčica, soja, riba, heljda, brašno od graha i amaranta te proizvodi na kojim izričito piše kako ne sadrže gluten. Gotovih proizvoda na kojima je jasno deklarirano ima li ili nema glutena sve je više, upravo zbog toga što sve više ljudi boluje od ovoga poremećaja. Ukoliko sumnjate na celijakliju, najbolje je otići svom liječniku kako bi vas upustio na daljnje pretrage. Nemojte prije toga prestati uzimati gluten na vlastitu ruku jer postoji mogućnost da testovi neće pokazati pravo stanje stvari. Pretraga se radi vađenjem krvi te njezinom analizom na markere posebnih antitijela, ali i biopsijom tankog crijeva. Do rezultata se u nekim slučajevima pritajene celijaklije teško dolazi te treba biti uporan. A ako ste se pitali što je zapravo gluten, evo odgovora. To su bjelančevine kojih ima u žitaricama. Njihovi nazivi su glutelini, albumini, globulini i prolamini te oni oštećuju sluznicu koja zbog toga smanjeno upija važne nutrijente iz hrane. Foto: Sxc.hu