http___www.tzzadar.hr_hr_o-zadru_povijest_10-12-2010_povijest_1.xml
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Zadar is an ancient city, built in the center of the Croatian Adriatic, full of historical and cultural monuments. It is three thousand years old, a city of old, tumultuous and dynamic history, often destructed, looted, devastated, every time emerging from the ruins stronger, richer and more beautiful. Zadar appeared for the first time in history in the 4th century B.C. as a settlement of the Illyrian tribe of Liburnians – the name Jader was mentioned, and through history it changed into Idassa (Greek source), Jadera (Roman source), Diadora, Zara (during Venetian rule and later Italian) up to today’s name of Zadar. After the year 59 B.C. Zadar became a Roman municipium, and in 48 B.C. a colony of Roman citizens. During Roman rule Zadar acquired the characteristics of a city with a regular road network, a main square – forum, and next to it an elevated capitolium with a temple. In the 7th century Zadar became the center (capital) of the Byzantine theme (province) of Dalmatia. At the beginning of the 9th century Zadar was mentioned as seat of bishop Donatus and the Byzantine leader Paulus. At the time a church was erected on the Roman forum, the church of the Holy Trinity, today St. Donat, for which it can be said to be the symbol of the city. Larger settling of Croats in Zadar was marked in the 10th century. The foundations of the Romanesque church of St. Mary, the church of St. Grisogone and the cathedral of St Anastasia have been preserved from that period. In 1202 the city was conquered and burned by the Crusaders and Venetians. The first Gothic churches in Dalmatia, St. Francis and St. Dominic, were built after that time, and the gold-plated silver sarcophagus of St. Simeon must be distinguished among the treasures of the period. The 15th and 16th centuries are characterized by significant activities of Croatian writers who wrote in the national Croatian language (Petar Zoranić, Brne Krnarutić, Šime Budinić, Jerolim Vidulić ...). The Austrians (1797) took over the government of Zadar after the Venetians, to be followed by the French (from 1806 to 1813). After a short time of French rule, Zadar remained under Austrian rule until 1918. With the Treaty of Rapallo, Zadar fell under Italian rule, and after the II World War it was annexed to Croatia (within the framework of the Federation of Yugoslavia). Following the Republic of Croatia’s declaration of independence and subsequent Serbian aggression on Croatian territory, Zadar and its surroundings were attacked in October 1991. The Serbian rebels aimed to conquer and destroy the city and its region, attacking with a destructive force that had never been seen so far. Zadar´s hinterland was controlled by rebels and significantly devastated. The city itself was repeatedly targeted and cultural heritage of Zadar was heavily damaged. Today Zadar is a preserved monument of various historical times and cultures that have placed their boundaries and visible outlines of their urban appearance. During its existence it was for many centuries the home of the Ilyrian Liburni and for 1000 years the capital city of Dalmatia. Rich in history, it is curently a focal point in civilisation, and most of all city with an unquestionable future: its accepted concept of development into an international, Mediterranean and Adriatic metropolis is being realised. It is a city with a rich Croatian national identity created in the present, wich successfully adheres to the newest trends in globalisation and informatisation. Zadar is a city rich in spirutual and material culture, as well as in a touristic identity created in the present. It was created around the Roman forum, a city inside well-kept walls, a city of old Croatian monuments. Full of archieves, museums and libraries, it is the keeper of literary and musical treasure, it is the city inside with the oldest University among Croatians (1396). It was long ago the place where the first Croatian novel and the first newspapers in the Croatian language were created. It is protected by four guardian saints: Zoilo, Simeon, Grisogone and Anastasia.
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Zadar je drevni grad, sagrađen na središtu hrvatskog Jadrana, prepun je povijesnih i kulturnih znamenitosti. Star tri tisuće godina, grad duge, burne i dinamične povijesti, često rušen, pljačkan, razaran, svaki je put iz ruševina nicao jači, ljepši i bogatiji. U povijest se Zadar prvi put javlja u 4. st. pr.n.e. kao naselje ilirskog plemena Liburna - spominje se oblik imena Jader, a prolazeći povijesni put ime se mijenja u Idassa (grčki izvor), Jadera (rimski izvor), Diadora, Zara (za vladavine Venecije i kasnije Italije) do današnjeg imena Zadar. Nakon 59. godine pr.n.e. Zadar postaje Rimski municipij, a 48. godine pr.n.e. kolonija rimskih građana. Pod vladavinom Rimljana Zadar poprima karakter grada s pravilnom mrežom ulica, s izgaraðenim glavnim trgom - forumom, a do njega povišeni kapitolij s hramom. U 7. stoljeću Zadar postaje središte (glavni grad) bizantskog temata (provincije) Dalmacije. Početkom 9. stoljeća Zadar se spominje kao sjedište biskupa Donata i bizantskog vođe Paulusa. U tom vremenu podiže se na rimskom forumu crkva Svetog Trojstva, danas Svetoga Donata, za koju se može reći da je znamen grada Zadra. Veće naseljavanje Hrvata zabilježeno je u 10. stoljeću. Iz toga vremena sačuvani su temelji romaničke crkve Sv. Marije, te crkve Sv. Krševana i katedrale Sv. Stošije. Godine 1202. grad spaljuju i osvajaju Križari i Mlečani. Poslije toga grade se prve gotičke crkve u Dalmaciji Sv. Frane i Sv. Dominik, a od umjetničkog blaga tog vremena treba izdvojiti pozlaćenu srebrnu škrinju - kovčeg Sv. Šimuna. 15. i 16. st. obilježeni su značajnim aktivnostima hrvatskih pisaca, koji pišu na narodnom hrvatskom jeziku (Petar Zoranić, Brne Karnarutić, Šime Budinić, Jerolim Vidulić ...). Nakon Venecije vlast nad Zadrom po prvi put preuzimaju Austrijanci (1797. g.), a potom Francuzi od 1806. do 1813. godine. Druga austrijska vlast potrajala je sve do 1918. godine, a Zadar i dalje zadržava status glavnog grada Kraljevine Dalmacije i sjedište je Dalmatinskog sabora (osnovano 1861.) i crkvene metropolije za čitavu Dalmaciju. Rapallskim ugovorom Zadar je 1920. pripojen Italiji kao enklava na istočnoj obali Jadrana. U njenom sastavu Zadar je ostao sve do konca Drugog svjetskog rata u kojem je tijekom teških savezničkih bombardiranja razoreno 80% povijesne jezgre grada. Gotovo potpuno razoren i napušten konačno je pripojen Hrvatskoj (u okviru Federativne Jugoslavije). Nakon proglašenja neovisnosti Republike Hrvatske i srpske agresije na Hrvatsku, grad Zadar i njegovo zaleðe napadnuti su u listopadu 1991. neviðenom silom kako bi se osvojili i uništili. Sam grad bio je u potpunom okruženju više puta granatiran i najbrutalnije razaran, a znatno je oštećena i zadarska spomenička baština. Danas je grad Zadar sačuvani spomenik različitih povijesnih vremena i kultura, koje su postavile granice i vidljive konture njegova urbana izgleda, a kao i tijekom minulih stoljeća burne povijesti čuvaju ga i dalje njegova četiri sveca zaštitnika - Sv. Krševan, Sv. Šime, Sv. Stošija i Sv. Zoilo.