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Do you have problems with anxiety, weight gain and poor concentration? This might indicate a problem with this small gland in your neck. The thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped gland that is located low on the front of your neck, can have a dramatic impact on many bodily functions. If you are a woman and over 35 years, the chances of thyroid disorder are higher than 30%, according to some estimates. According to the estimates by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, at least 30 million Americans have a thyroid disorder, and in half of the patients the condition is not diagnosed. The likelihood of thyroid problems is about ten times higher in women than men. The thyroid gland is located below the larynx and produces hormones that besides their other functions regulate the body temperature, metabolism and heart rate. Things can get worse when the thyroid works more or less than usual. What can affect the function of the thyroid gland? The culprits may sometimes be genetic, and an auto immune attack, pregnancy, stress, lack of nutrients, toxins in the environment are just some of the causes, but experts are still not entirely sure. Here are some of the symptoms you should pay attention to and do an immediate thyroid function test: You are exhausted Fatigue may be associated with different situations, but there is a great correlation with hypothyroidism which occurs as a result of the disruption in the production of thyroid hormones. If you are tired when you wake up, even when you sleep well at night, it could be a sign that your thyroid is not working well enough. Feeling apathetic The feeling of sadness and lethargy can be associated with certain symptoms of hypothyroidism. The thyroid hormone can affect the level of serotonin, “the happy hormone,” in the brain. You are anxious and upset Anxiety and “the strange feeling” can be associated with hyperthyroidism, when the thyroid gland produces too many hormones. Flooded with hormones, your body may be in fifth gear. If you can not relax, your thyroid gland can be in “hyper” mode. Changes in appetite and food taste The increased appetite can be a sign of hyperthyroidism, because you may constantly feel hungry due to the increased number of thyroid hormones. Slow thyroid gland, on the other hand, can distort the flavors and the aroma of your food. You are confused This may be caused by the aging process or lack of sleep, but your cognitive functions can sometimes be affected by poor thyroid function. Too many thyroid hormones may cause concentration problems, and too little hormones cause serious “holes” in your memory and you will constantly forget things. Women often mistakenly attribute this condition to menopause. You are not interested in sex Impaired thyroid function may be the cause of low sex drive. Actually, in some cases people feel no desire for sex at all. The small number of thyroid hormones can really affect your low libido, but the symptoms of hypothyroidism – weight gain, lack of energy, pain in the body – also play an important role. Splendid and excited This lavishly feeling can be manifested through your heartbeat. You may feel like your heart skips beats or beats too fast and too hard. You may have the same feeling in your chest or when you check the pulse points on the neck or throat. Heart palpitations can be a sign of hyperthyroidism. Dry skin Dry skin that peels can be a sign of hypothyroidism. Changes in your skin appearance and texture are associated with slow metabolism, which can reduce the sweating. If there is not enough moisture, the skin becomes dry quickly. Also, your nails may become brittle and harsh. Unpredictable intestine function People with hypothyroidism sometimes complain of constipation. The disruption in the production of hormones causes slow digestion. This is one of the three most common symptoms of hypothyroidism. On the other hand, excessive production of thyroid hormones can cause diarrhea or frequent bowel movements. Irregular menstrual cycles Prolonged duration of periods followed by severe pain may be a sign of hypothyroidism. Also, the time between your periods may be shortened. In cases of hyperthyroidism, high hormone level leads to menstrual irregularity in a different way. The bleeding is less intense and even the period lasts less than usual, but the interval between your cycles is longer. Sore muscles and limbs If you have sudden feelings of tingling, numbness or pain in the arms, legs, feet or hands, it could be a sign of hypothyroidism. Over time, the small number of thyroid hormones can damage the nerves that send signals from the brain and the spinal cord throughout the body. Unexplained pain or pins and needles are the results of this condition. High blood pressure High blood pressure can be a sign of thyroid disorders, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. According to some estimates, people with hypothyroidism are two to three times more likely to have high blood pressure. One of the theories explains that poor thyroid function slows the heart rate, affecting the pumping power and flexibility of blood vessels. Both conditions cause an increase in the blood pressure. High cholesterol High level of bad cholesterol, which does not fit your diet, exercise or medications, is often associated with hypothyroidism. The increased level of bad cholesterol can be caused by an underactive thyroid, which is a great cause for concern. Untreated hypothyroidism can cause heart problems, including enlarged heart and heart attack. Impaired regulation of body temperature This feeling is associated with hypothyroidism. Slow sweating caused by the slow thyroid function means that the cells have spent less energy. Less power means less heat. On the other hand, increased thyroid activity stimulates the energy cells for the fifth gear. Therefore, people with hyperthyroidism are often hot and sweat excessively. Your voice has changed and you have strange feeling in the neck If you have noticed certain changes in the voice or if you feel if there is a lump in the throat, then you probably have problems with the thyroid gland. Take a good look at the neck to see if there are any signs of swelling of the thyroid gland. Using a hand mirror, look at your throat when you swallow water. Look for any bulges around the thyroid gland, which is below the larynx. If you see anything suspicious, consult your doctor. Disturbed sleep Do you constantly feel sleepy? It may be hypothyroidism. Slow thyroid gland also slows the functions in your body. You can not sleep at night? It could be hyperthyroidism. Excessive thyroid function may cause anxiety and increase the heartbeat rate, so you are not able to sleep well. Bad hair quality and hair loss Dry, brittle hair that breaks or falls may be a sign of hypothyroidism. The small number of thyroid hormones may hinder the growth cycle of your hair and the hair follicles go through a period of resting. This can cause hair loss all over your body. Overly active thyroid may also affect your hair, but only on the head. You can not get pregnant If you have been trying to have a child for a long time without any success, increased or decreased thyroid function may be the cause of your problem. Source: healthandhealthyliving.com
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Štitna žlijezda – simptomi bolesti i liječenje Osjećate li umor svakog dana, magli vam se vid, debljate se, uhvati vas jeza ili gubite kosu? Ili vam se događa suprotono: često se zadihani, oznojeni, uznemireni? Mogući krivac je štitnjača ili štitna žlijezda. Važno je da problem otkriti na vrijeme, jer uz odgovarajuće liječenje možete izbjeći ozbiljne zdravstvene probleme. Opće informacije Štitnjača ima oblik leptira, nalazi se u donjem dijelu vrata ispod Adamove jabučice i proizvodi hormone koji reguliraju brzinu metabolizma. Poremećaj njenog rada usporit ili ubrzati metabolizam, jer remeti proizvodnju hormona štitnjače. Kada je njihova razina preniska ili previsok, dolazi do brojnih simptoma. Preporučene kontrole Na pregled štitnjače treba ići svakih pet godina, počevši od 35. godine. Ljudi sa simptomima ili faktorima rizika moraju raditi ispitivanja još češće. Hipotireoza najviše pogađa žene starije od 60 godina, a obiteljska povijest ove bolesti povećava rizik. Pregled vrata Ova mala navika vam pomaže da uočite uvećanu štitnjaču. Zabacite glavu unatrag i popijte gutljaj vode. Dok gutate, opipajte vrat ispod Adamove jabučice,neposredno iznad ključne kosti. Potražite ispupčenja i ponovite postupak nekoliko puta. Ako osjetite bilo kakvu izbočinu ili kvržicu, javite se liječniku! Dijagnostika Dijagnostika poremećaja rada štitne žlijezde provodi se pomoću testa krvi koji mjeri razinu tireostimulišućeg hormona (TSH). Ako je visok, to obično znači da je funkcija štitnjače preniska (hipotireoza), a ako je nizak, štitna žlijezda je pretjerano aktivna (hipertireoza). Na zahtjev liječnika provjerava se i razinu drugih tireoidnih hormona u krvi. Najčešći uzrok hipotireoze Smatra se da je najčešći uzrok hipotiroidizma Hashimoto bolest. To je autoimuni poremećaj u kojem tijelo napada štitnjaču. Rezultat je oštećenje štitnjače, pri čemu ona ne proizvodi dovoljno hormona. Hashimoto bolest je često nasljedna, au nekim slučajevima posljedica problema s hipofizom. Ova žlijezda se nalazi u mozgu i proizvodi spomenuti TSH, koji stimulira rad štitnjače. Ako ga hipofiza ne proizvodi dovoljno, razina hormona štitnjače će pasti. Ostali uzroci su privremeno zapaljenje štitne žlijezde ili lijekovi koji utječu na njenu funkciju. Najčešći uzrok hipertireoze Gravesova bolest vrijedi za drugi najčešći uzrok oboljenja štitne žlijezde. To je autoimuni poremećaj koji uzrokuje oslobađanje visoke razine hormona štitnjače. Jedno od obilježja bolesti je oticanje vrata i očiju (buljavost), koje je vidljivo i neugodno. Posljedice uslijed nedostatka terapije Ako se ne liječi, posljedice ovog oboljenja su visoka razina kolesterola i povećan rizik od moždanog udara i infarkta. U težim slučajevima niska razina hormona štitnjače može izazvati gubitak svijesti i po život opasan pad tjelesne temperature. Sa druge strane, posljedice neliječenja hipertireoze jesu srčani problemi i smanjena gustoća kostiju. Liječenje hipotireoze U većini slučajeva provodi se pomoću hormona štitnjače u vidu pilula, a poboljšanje je primjetno obično u roku od nekoliko tjedana. Dugoročan tretman povećava energiju, a smanjuje razinu kolesterola i težinu. Većina bolesnika mora uzimati terapiju do kraja života. Tretman hipertireoze On uključuje antitiroidni lijek za smanjenje količine hormona koje štitnjača proizvodi i često se mora piti i kad problem nestane. Drugi lijekovi mogu smanjiti simptome kao što su ubrzan puls i drhtavica. Druga opcija je radioaktivni jod, koji uništava štitnjaču u roku 6-18 tjedana. Kada se štitnjača uništi ili ukloni operacijom, većina pacijenata mora uzimati njene hormone u obliku tableta. Operacija Kirurška intervencija se preporučuje kod hipertireoze i to u slučaju da lijekovi ne djeluju. Izvor:lisa.rs