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For the love of God... scientists in uproar at £1m religion prize Steve Connor Steve Connor is the Science Editor of The Independent. He has won many awards for his journalism, including five-times winner of the prestigious British science writers’ award; the David Perlman Award of the American Geophysical Union; twice commended as specialist journalist of the year in the UK Press Awards; UK health journalist of the year and a special merit award of the European School of Oncology for his investigative journalism. He has a degree in zoology from the University of Oxford and has a special interest in genetics and medical science, human evolution and origins, climate change and the environment. Thursday 07 April 2011 The astronomer Royal has won this year's £1m Templeton Prize, an award denounced by many atheist scientists as an underhand attempt to promote religion by linking it with science. Martin Rees, the former president of the Royal Society and master of Trinity College, Cambridge, was given the award for "exceptional contributions to affirming life's spiritual dimension" through his research and writings on cosmology. Lord Rees of Ludlow, who has said he holds no religious beliefs, defended the prize on the grounds it was awarded by a foundation which has given money to fund important science projects at respectable research institutions, including Cambridge. "I would see no reason to be concerned because they support a variety of interesting and worthwhile research projects in Cambridge University and many other places," the 68-year-old said. "The fact they have given this award to me, someone who has no religious beliefs at all, shows they are not too narrow in their sympathies. I feel very surprised because I really thought that I didn't have the credentials, but obviously I'm extremely pleased because I'm joining a roll call of distinguished previous winners, including six members of the Royal Society." The award was established in 1972 as the Templeton Prize "for progress in religion" by the late Wall Street financier John Templeton, who died in 2008, aged 95. Its first recipient was Mother Teresa of Calcutta. The Templeton Foundation is worth about $2.1bn (£1.3bn) and each year hands out about $70m in grants, about half of which goes to scientific fields. In the 1980s, the Templeton Prize switched its focus more towards science, emphasising the spiritual dimension of research that has a wider significance in terms of explaining the human condition. But this has only infuriated its critics, who believe the prize is a not-too-subtle attempt to inveigle respectable scientists into the sphere of religion. "That will look great on Templeton's CV. Not so good on Martin's," said Professor Richard Dawkins, of Oxford University, who has been an outspoken critic of the Templeton Foundation. Harry Kroto, a British Nobel laureate at Florida State University in Tallahassee, was equally scathing: "There's a distinct feeling in the research community that Templeton just gives the award to the most senior scientists they can find who's willing to say something nice about religion." Jerry Coyne, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Chicago, said the Templeton Foundation is "sneakier than the creationists" by introducing the idea of faith into a discipline where faith is anathema. "Religion is based on dogma and belief, whereas science is based on doubt and questioning. In religion, faith is a virtue. In science, faith is a vice," he said. The philosopher Anthony Grayling, of Birkbeck College, London, also has misgivings about the aims of the Templeton Foundation, which, he believes, should not pretend that questions of religion are on the same level as those of science. "I cannot agree with the Templeton Foundation's project of trying to make religion respectable by conflating it with science; this is like mixing astrology with astronomy or voodoo with medical research," he said. 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Martin Rees, bivši predsjednik Royal Societyja i ravnatelj Trinity Collegea u Cambridgeu, dobio je nagradu za svoj 'izuzetan doprinos potvrđivanju duhovne dimenzije života' kroz svoje tekstove i kozmološke radove. 'Rees je desetljeća života posvetio istraživanju implikacija velikog praska, prirode crnih rupa, zbivanja tijekom tzv. tamnog razdoblja ranog svemira i misterioznih gama eksplozija u središtima galaksija. Velika pitanja koja on postavlja – poput onoga 'Koliko je velika fizička stvarnost?' – preoblikovala su ključna filozofska i teološka shvaćanja same biti života potaknuvši duhovni napredak koji je zaklada Templeton prepoznala', stoji u priopćenju zaklade. Lord Rees, koji tvrdi da nije vjernik, stao je u obranu nagrade uz obrazloženje da je dodjeljuje zaklada koja je financirala mnoge važne znanstvene projekte, među kojima i brojne na Sveučilištu u Cambridgeu. 'Ne vidim razloga za zabrinutost jer zaklada podržava brojne različite i vrijedne istraživačke projekte Sveučilišta u Cambridgeu kao i mnogih drugih institucija', rekao je 68-godišnjak. 'Činjenica da su ovu nagradu dali meni, koji uopće nemam religijskih uvjerenja, pokazuje da u svojoj naklonosti nisu previše ograničeni. Jako sam iznenađen jer stvarno nisam mislio da sam vjerodostojan kandidat, međutim, jasno je da sam jako zadovoljan jer sam se pridružio prijašnjim pobjednicima, među kojima je i šest članova Kraljevskog društva.' Nagradu Templeton za 'napredak u religiji' 1972. godine utemeljio je financijaš Wall Streeta John Templeton koji je umro 2008. u 95. godini života. Zaklada je teška oko 2,1 milijarde dolara, a svake godine daje jamstva u vrijednosti od oko 70 milijuna dolara od čega oko 50 posto ide za znanstvena istraživanja. Osamdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća nagrada Templeton se više usredotočila na znanost ističući duhovnu dimenziju istraživanja koja ima značaj u smislu tumačenja ljudskog stanja. Međutim, to je samo dodatno razljutilo kritičare koji smatraju da je nagrada prilično očit pokušaj da se ugledni znanstvenici privuku u religiozne sfere. 'Ova će nagrada dobro doći Templetonovom CV-ju, ali ne i Martinovom', komentirao je odluku poznati kritičar zaklade Richard Dawkins profesor na Sveučilištu Oxford. Nobelovac Harry Kroto s Florida State Universityja u Tallahasseeu kaže da 'u znanstvenoj zajednici postoji jak osjećaj da Templeton daje nagrade samo najistaknutijim znanstvenicima koji su voljni reći nešto lijepo o religiji'. Jerry Coyne , evolucijski biolog sa Sveučilišta u Chicagu smatra da je nagrada Templeton 'podlija od kreacionista' jer uvodi ideju vjere u disciplinu u kojoj je ona anatema. 'Religija se temelji na dogmi i vjerovanju, dok se znanost bazira na sumnji i preispitivanju. U religiji vjera je vrlina. U znanosti vjera je grijeh', rekao je Coyne. Filozof Anthony Grayling sa Sveučilišta Birkbeck u Londonu također je izrazio sumnje u dobre namjere zaklade ističući da ona ne bi trebala pokušavati izjednačiti religiju i znanost. 'Ne mogu se složiti s pokušajima zaklade Templetone da religiju učini respektabilnom miješajući je sa znanošću. To je kao da miješate astrologiju s astronomijom ili vudu s medicinskim istraživanjima', rekao je. Unatoč kritikama, istaknuti znanstvenici poput kozmologa Freemana Dysona i Paula Daviesa ranijih su godina prihvatili nagradu.