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Amid TEDGlobal’s talk of our global connection and interconnection, it’s a fine time to present Bob Thurman, Buddhist monk and scholar, on the Buddhist view of the universe. In our hyperlinked world, we can know anything, anytime. And this mass enlightenment, says Thurman, is our first step toward becoming Buddha. When we can know everything, we can see how everything is interconnected — and we can begin to feel compassion for every living being. (Recorded December 2006 in New York City. Duration: 12:17) Watch this talk on TED.com where you can download it, rate it, comment on it and find other talks and performances. Read Bob Thurman’s profile on TED.com >> Click here for a transcript >> Transcript: Bob Thurman, TEDSalon 2006 Bob Thurman: Becoming Buddha, on the web http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/view/id/130 To watch this TEDTalk, download it or comment on it, and to view many more TEDTalks, visit http://www.ted.com Thank you. And I feel like this whole evening has been sort of amazing to me, I feel it’s sort of like the Vimalakirti Sutra, an ancient work from ancient India, in which the Buddha appears at the beginning and a whole bunch of people come to see him from the biggest city in the area, Vaisali, and to bring some jeweled parasols to make offering to him. All the young people, actually, from the city — the old fogeys don’t come, because they’re mad at Buddha, because when he came to their city he accepted, he always accepts the first invitation that comes to him from whoever it is, and the local geisha, a movie star sort of person, raced the elders of the city in a chariot and invited him first. So he was hanging out with the movie star, and of course they were all grumbling, “He’s supposed to be religious and all this, what’s he doing over there at Amrapali’s house with all his 500 monks,” and so on. They were all grumbling, and they boycotted him, they wouldn’t go listen to him. But the young people all came. And they brought this kind of a jeweled parasol, and they put it on the ground. And as soon as they had laid all these, all their big stack of these jeweled parasols that they used to carry in ancient India, he performed a kind of special effect which made it into a giant planetarium, the wonder of the universe. Everyone looked in that and they saw in there the total interconnectedness of all life in all universes. And of course in the Buddhist cosmos there are millions and billions of planets with human life on it, and enlightened beings can see the life on all the other planets — so they don’t, when they look out and they see those lights that you showed in the sky, they don’t just see sort of pieces of matter burning or rocks or flames or gases exploding, they actually see landscapes and human beings and gods and dragons and serpent beings and goddesses and things like that. THe made that special effect at the beginning to get people to think about interconnection and interconnectedness and how everything in life was totally interconnected. And then Leilei (I know his other name) told us about interconnection and about how we’re all totally interconnected here and how we’ve all known each other, and of course in the Buddhist universe we’ve already done this already billions of times in many many lifetimes in the past. And I didn’t give the talk always…, YOU did, and we had to watch you, and so forth. And we’re all still trying to, I guess we’re all trying to become TEDsters, if that’s a modern form of enlightenment. I guess so. Because in a way, if TEDster relates to all the interconnectedness of all the computers and everything, it’s the forging of a mass awareness, of where everybody can really know everything that’s going on everywhere in the planet. And therefore it will become intolerable — what compassion is, is where it will become intolerable for us, totally intolerable that we sit here in comfort and in pleasure and enjoying the life of the mind or whatever it is, and there are people who are absolutely riddled with disease and they cannot have a bite of food and they have no place or they’re being brutalized by some terrible person and so forth, it just becomes intolerable. With all of us knowing everything, we’re kind of forced by technology to become Buddhas or something, to become enlightened. And of course, we all will be deeply disappointed when we do. Because we think that, because we are kind of tired of what we do, a little bit tired, we do suffer, we do enjoy our misery in a certain way, we distract ourselves from our misery by running around somewhere, but basically we all have this common misery that we are stuck inside our skins and everyone else is out there. And occasionally we get together with another person stuck in their skin and the two of us enjoy each other, and each of us tried to get out of our own, and ultimately it fails of course and we’re back into this thing. Because our egocentric perception — from the Buddha’s point of view, misperception — is that all we are is what is inside our skin. And it’s inside and outside, Self and Other, and Other is all very different. And everyone here is unfortunately carrying that habitual perception, a little bit, right? You know, someone sitting next to you in a seat , that’s okay because you’re in a theater, but if you were sitting on a park bench and someone came up and sat that close to you, you’d freak out. “What do they want from me?” Like, “Who’s that?” And so you wouldn’t sit that close to another person because of your notion that it’s you versus the universe — that’s all Buddha discovered. Because that cosmic basic idea that it is us all alone, each of us, and everyone else is different, then that puts us in an impossible situation, doesn’t it? Who is it who’s going to get enough attention from the world, who’s going to get enough out of the world, who’s not going to be overrun by an infinite number of other beings — if you’re different from all the other beings? So where compassion comes is where you surprisingly discover you lose yourself in some way, through art, through meditation, through understanding, through knowledge actually, knowing that you have no such boundary, knowing your interconnectedness with other beings. You can experience yourself as the other beings when you see through the delusion of being separated from them. When you do that, you’re forced to feel what they feel. Luckily, they say — I still am not sure — but, luckily, they say that when you reach that point, because some people have said in the Buddhist literature, they say “Ooh, who would really want to be compassionate, how awful! I’m so miserable on my own, my head is aching, my bones are aching, I go from birth to death, I’m never satisfied, I never have enough, even I’m a billionaire I never have enough, I need a hundred billion, so I’m like that, imagine if I had to feel even a hundred other people’s suffering. It would be terrible.” But apparently, this is a strange paradox of life, when you’re no longer locked in yourself, and as the wisdom, or the intelligence, or the scientific knowledge of the nature of the world, that enables you to let your mind spread out, and empathize, and enhance the basic human ability of empathizing, and realizing that you are the other being, somehow by that opening, you can see the deeper nature of life, and you can, you get away from this terrible iron circle of I, me, me, mine, like the Beatles used to sing. You know, we really learned everything in the ’60s. Too bad nobody ever woke up to it, and they’ve been trying to suppress it since then. I me me mine, it’s like a perfect song, that song. A perfect teaching. But when we’re relieved from that, we somehow then become interested in all the other beings. And we feel ourselves differently. It’s totally strange, it’s totally strange. The Dalai Lama always likes to say, he says that when you give birth in your mind to the idea of compassion, it’s because you realize that you yourself and your pains and pleasures are finally too small a theater for your intelligence, it’s really too boring whether you feel like this or like that, or what, you know — and the more you focus on how you feel, by the way, the worse it gets. Like, even when you’re having a good time, when is the good time over? The good time is over when you think, How good is it? and then it’s never good enough. I love that Leilei said that the way of helping those who are suffering badly on the physical plane or on other planes is having a good time, doing it by having a good time. I think the Dalai Lama should have heard that, I wish he’d been there to hear that. He once told me, he looked kind of sad, he worries very much about the haves and have-nots, he looked a little sad because he said, Well, a hundred years ago, they went and took everything away from the haves. You k now, the big communist revolutions, Russia and China and so forth, they took it all away by violence, saying they were going to give it to everyone, and then they were even worse. They didn’t help at all. So what could possibly change this terrible gap that has opened up in the world today? And so then, ah, he looks at me. So I said, Well, you know, you’re all in this yourself. You teach: it’s generosity. Was all I could think of. What is virtue. But of course, … I think the key to saving the world, the key to compassion is that, it is more fun. It should be done by fun. Generosity is more fun, that’s the key. Everybody has the wrong idea — they think Buddha was so boring, and they’re so surprised when they meet Dalai Lama and he’s fairly jolly Even though his people are being genocided, and believe me he feels every blow on every old nun’s head, in every Chinese prison, he feels it. He feels the way they are harvesting yaks nowadays, I won’t even say what they do. But he feels it. And yet he’s very jolly, he’s extremely jolly. Because, because when you open up like that, then you can’t just, what good does it do to add being miserable with others’ misery? You have to find some vision where you see how hopeful it is, how it can be changed. Look at that beautiful thing Chiho showed us, she scared us with the lava man, she scaaared us with the lava man is coming, then the tsunami is coming, but then finally there was flowers, and trees, and it was very beautiful. It’s really lovely. So, compassion means to feel the feelings of others, and the human being actually IS compassion. (The human being is almost out of time.) The human being IS compassion because what is our brain for? Now, Jim’s brain is memorizing the almanac. But he could memorize all the needs of all the beings that he is, he will, he did. He could memorize all kinds of fantastic things to help many beings. And he would have tremendous fun doing that. So the first person who gets happy, when you stop focusing on the self-centered situation of “how happy am I?” where you’re always dissatisfied as Mick Jagger told us — you never get any satisfaction that way — so then you decide, “Well, I’m sick of myself, I’m going to think of how other people can be happy. I’m going to get up in the morning and think, ‘What can I do for even one other person, even a dog, my dog, my cat, my pet, my butterfly.'” And the first person who gets happy when you do that, you don’t do anything for anybody else, but YOU get happier, you yourself, because suddenly your whole perception broadens, and you suddenly see the whole world and all of the people in it. And you realize that this — being with all these people — is the flower garden that Chiho showed us. It is Nirvana And my time is up. Thank you.
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Transcript Translated by Romana Perković Reviewed by Tilen Pigac - EFZG Osjećam kao da je cijela ova večer bila nevjerojatna. Osjećam kao da je to Vimalakirti Sutra, drevno djelo iz stare Indije, u kojem se Buda pojavljuje na početku i hrpa ljudi dolazi vidjeti ga iz najvećeg grada u regiji, Vaisali, i donijeti mu neku vrstu draguljnog suncobrana. Svi mladi ljudi, iz grada – stariji ne dolaze jer su ljuti na Budu, jer kada je došao u njihov grad prihvatio je – on uvijek prihvaća prvu pozivnicu koja mu dođe, od bilo koga da je, lokalne gejše, filmske zvijezde, koja je u kočiji prestigla starješine grada i pozvala ga prva. 1:07 Družio se s filmskom zvijezdom, naravno gunđali su: “On bi trebao biti religiozan i sve to. Što radi tamo u kući Amrapali sa svih njegovih 500 redovnika,” i tako dalje. Svi su gunđali, i bojkotirali su ga. Ne bi ga otišli saslušati. Ali mladi ljudi su došli. I donijeli su suncobran od dragulja, i postavili ga na zemlju. Čim su to sve prostrli, svu gomilu tih suncobrana koje su nosili u drevnoj Indiji, on je obnašao vrste specijalnih efekta, stvorio je veliki planetarij, čudo svijeta. Svi su to gledali, vidjeli su u tome ukupnu međusobnu povezanost svih života u svim svemirima. 1:50 Naravno, u budističkom kozmosu postoje milijuni i milijarde planeta sa ljudskim životima, prosvijetljena bića mogu vidjeti život na svim drugim planetima. Kada pogledaju van i vide sva ta svjetla na nebu, oni ne vide samo komadiće materije koja gori ili kamenje ili plamen ili plinove koji eksplodiraju. Oni zapravo vide obzore i ljudska bića i bogove i zmajeve i zmijolika bića i božice i slične stvari. 2:18 Napravio je taj specijalni efekt na početku kako bi naveo ostale da razmišljaju o povezanosti i međusobnoj povezanosti i kako je sve u životu potpuno povezano. Tada je Leilei – znam njegovo drugo ime – govorio nama o povezanosti, i kako smo svi potpuno povezani ovdje, i kako svi znamo jedni druge. Naravno u budističkom svemiru, to smo učinili već milijardu puta, u mnogim prošlim životima. Nisam govorio uvijek. Ti jesi, mi smo te morali gledati, i tako dalje. Još uvijek pokušavamo. Još uvijek pokušavamo postati TED-ovci, ako je to moderni oblik prosvjetljenja. Mislim to. Budući da na neki način, TED-ovac se odnosi na sve međusobne povezanosti svih računala i svega, tvori masovnu svijest, gdje svatko može znati sve što se događa svagdje na planetu. 3:18 Postat će nepodnošljivo – što je suosjećanje, postat će nepodnošljivo za nas, potpuno nepodnošljivo što mi sjedimo ovdje u udobnosti i zadovoljstvu i uživajući umni život ili štogod je to, a postoje ljudi koji su apsolutno protkani bolestima, nemaju komadić hrane i nemaju mjesta, ili ih napastuje neka užasna osoba i tako dalje. Postaje nepodnošljivo. Svi mi koji znamo sve, prisiljeni smo zbog tehnologije postati Buda ili nešto, postati prosvijetljeni. 3:55 Naravno, svi ćemo biti duboko razočarani kada postanemo. Mislimo da zbog toga što smo umorni od onoga što radimo, pomalo umorni, patimo. Uživamo u našoj muci na neki način. Odvlačimo se od naše bijede stalno trčeći negdje, ali u osnovi svi zajedno imamo tu zajedničku bijedu da smo zatočeni u našoj koži i da su svi ostali vani. I povremeno se pronađemo sa drugom osobom koja je zatočena u njihovoj koži i potom nas dvoje uživamo jedno u drugom, i svatko od nas pokušava izaći iz sebe, na kraju to ne uspije, naravno, i vratili smo se u ovu stvar. 4:36 Zbog naše egocentrične percepcije – sa Budinog stajališta – sve što smo mi je ono što je unutar naše kože. To je iznutra i izvana, sebi i drugima, i drugo je sve veoma različito. Svima ovdje je nažalost normalno da imaju tu percepciju, pomalo, zar ne? Netko sjedi pokraj vas na sjedalu – to je OK jer ste u kazalištu, ali da sjedite u parku na klupi i netko dođe i sjedne tako blizu vama, poludjeli biste. Što žele od mene? Tko je to? Vi ne biste sjeli tako blizu drugoj osobi zbog vašeg mišljenja da to nije u skladu sa svemirom – to je sve Buda otkrio. Ta osnovna kozmička ideja, to smo mi sve vrijeme, svatko od nas, i svatko drugi je drugačiji, tada nas to stavlja u nemoguću situaciju, zar ne? Tko je to tko će dobiti dovoljno pažnje od svijeta? Tko će izvući dovoljno iz svijeta? Tko neće biti pregažen sa beskonačnim brojem drugih bića – ako ste drugačiji od svih drugih bića? 5:39 Suosjećanje dođe kada otkrijete da ste izgubili sebe na neki način: kroz umjetnost, meditaciju, razumijevanje, kroz znanje zapravo, znajući da nemate granice, znajući svoju povezanost s drugim ljudima. Možete sebe iskusiti kroz druga bića kada pogledate kroz zablude da ste bili razdvojeni od njih. Kada to učinite, prisiljeni ste osjećati što oni osjećaju. Srećom, kažu – nisam još uvijek siguran – ali srećom, kažu da kada dosegnete tu točku jer su neki ljudi rekli u budističkoj literaturi, rekli su, ooh, tko bi zapravo htio biti suosjećajan? Kako grozno! I sam sam nesretan. Boli me glava. Kosti me bole. Idem od rođenja do smrti. Nikad nisam zadovoljan. Nikad nemam dovoljno, iako sam milijarder nikad nemam dovoljno. Trebam sto milijardi, takav sam. Zamislite da bih morao osjetiti patnje samo stotinu ljudi. To bi bilo užasno. 6:42 Očito, to je čudan paradoks života. Kada više niste zaključani u sebe, kako mudrost, inteligencija ili znanstveno znanje prirode svijeta, vam omogućuje da dopustite smo umu da se raširi, suosjeća, i pojača osnovnu ljudsku sposobnost suosjećanja, shvaćajući da ste vi drugo biće, otvarajući se, možete vidjeti dublju prirodu života, možete se maknuti od ovog užasnog željeznog kruga sebe, ja, ja, moje, kako su Beatlesi pjevali. 7:23 Naučili smo dosta u 60-ima. Šteta što se nitko nije probudio, pokušali su to potisnuti od tada. Ja, meni, mene, mog. Kao savršena pjesma, ta pjesma. Savršeno učenje. Ali kada smo oslobođeni toga, postanemo zainteresirani drugim stvarima. Osjećamo se drugačije. Čudno je. Potpuno je čudno. Dalaj Lama voli reći – kada rodite u svome umu ideju suosjećanja, tada kada shvatite da ste vi, i vaše muke i zadovoljstva, toliko mala predstava za vašu inteligenciju. Stvarno je dosadno osjećate li se vi ovako ili onako, ili, znate – što se više oslanjate na to kako se osjećate, postaje sve gore. Čak i kada se zabavljate, kada prestane dobro vrijeme? Dobro vrijeme prestane kada razmislite, koliko dobro je? I tada nikad nije dovoljno dobro. 8:25 Volim što je Leilei rekao da put pomaganja onima koji pate strašno na fizičkoj razini ili na drugim razinama, jest provoditi kvalitetno vrijeme, pomagati tako da provodite kvalitetno vrijeme. Dalaj Lama je trebao to čuti. Volio bih da je bio tamo da to čuje. Jednom mi je rekao – izgledao je tužno; on brine puno o imanju i ne imanju. Izgledao je malo tužno, rekao je, prije 100 godina, oduzeli su sve bogatima. Znate, velika komunistička revolucija, Rusija i Kina i tako dalje. Uzeli su sve nasiljem, rekli su da će to dati svima, i tada se sve pogoršalo. Nisu ništa pomogli. 9:02 Što bi moglo promijeniti taj veliki jaz koji se stvorio danas u svijetu? Pogledao me. Rekao sam, “Znate, sami ste u ovom. Naučavate: to je velikodušnost,” bilo je sve što sam se mogao sjetiti. Što je vrlina? Naravno, ključ spašavanja svijeta, ključ suosjećanja, jest u više zabave. Trebalo bi se više zabavljati. Velikodušnost je zabavna. To je ključ. Svi imaju krivu ideju. Misle da je Buda bio dosadan, iznenade se kada upoznaju Dalaj Lamu a on je radostan. Iako je u njegovu narodu bio genocid – vjerujte mi, osjeća svaki udarac na svakoj glavi časne sestre, u svakom kineskom zatvoru. Osjeća to. Osjeća način na koji skupljaju ljetinu danas. Ne želim ni reći što rade. Ali on to osjeća. Ipak je jako radostan. Ekstremno je radostan. 10:02 Jer kada se tako otvorite, tada ne možete samo – što dobroga donosi da dodajete svoju nesreću ostalim nesrećama? Morate pronaći neki način da vidite kako je to puno nade, kako se može promijeniti. Pogledajte tu lijepu stvar što nam je Chiho pokazala. Uplašila nas je sa čovjekom od lave. Uplašila nas je da čovjek od lave dolazi, da tsunami dolazi, ali na kraju tamo su bili cvijeće, drveće, bilo je jako lijepo. Zaista je lijepo. 10:33 Suosjećanje znači da osjećate osjećaje drugih, ljudsko biće zapravo je suosjećajno. Ljudskom biću ponestaje vremena. Ljudsko biće je suosjećajno, za što je naš mozak? Jimov mozak je zapamtio almanah. Ali mogao bi zapamtiti sve potrebe svih bića koja on je, on hoće, on jest. Mogao bi zapamtiti svakakve fantastične stvari kako bi pomogao drugim bićima. I pritom bi se zabavljao. 11:09 Prva osoba koja postane sretna, kada se prestanete fokusirati na egoističnu situaciju toga koliko ste sretni, kada ste uvijek nezadovoljni – Mick Jagger nam je rekao da tako ne dobivate nikakvo ispunjenje. Odlučite, dosta mi je sebe. Idem vidjeti kako drugi ljudi mogu biti sretni. Ustat ću se ujutro i razmislit, što mogu učiniti barem za jednu osobu, barem za psa, mog psa, moju mačku, mog ljubimca, mog leptira. Prva osoba koja postane sretna kada to učinite, ne učinite ništa drugo ni za koga drugog, ali ste sretniji, vi, jer vam se cijela percepcija proširi, odjednom vidite cijeli svijet i sve ljude u njemu. I shvatite – dok ste s tim ljudima – to je cvjetni vrt koji nam je Chiho pokazala. To je Nirvana. Moje vrijeme je isteklo. Znam TED zapovijedi. Hvala vam.