http___www.tz-betina.hr_hr_betina_povijesni-spomenici_1.xml
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THE NAME BETINA There are two theories about the name Betina. The generally accepted theory is that the name Betina derived from the Celtic word "bet" which means - mouth and describes the shape of its natural harbour Betina (in the picture above), which, like the mouth, protects ships from gusts of wind. This name is symbolic also for the reason that Betina was historically called "the mouth of the Šibenik region," due to the fertile fields or "Poj" of Betina, primarily abundant in olive and fig trees, and vegetables that fed the entire region. According to another theory, the name Betina derives from an old Croatian word "Betina" meaning water underground. Water flowing underground in Betina is a common occurrence, and throughout history many wells were built that supplied the population with drinking water and water for irrigation of fields. BETINA THROUGH HISTORY Murter is the largest and closest island of the Šibenik archipelago. It was inhabited by the ancient Illyrians (Liburni tribe) in the prehistoric era. Historical continuity continued during the reign of Rome, as evidenced by the remains of the Roman settlement Colentum between Betina and Murter, near the common cemetery, and the remains of the Villa rustica in Plitka Vala. Croatians settled on the island in significant numbers between the 8th and 9th century. In the area of Gradina near Colentum, old Croatian graves dating back to 9th century were found. Betina was mentioned for the first time in written documents in 1423. In the 15th and 16th century it was inhabited by a larger number of residents from the area of Vrana, who fled here to salvage themselves from the Turkish raids. In 1678, Betina is populated with 52 families and 350 inhabitants. Betina reached the largest population growth in 1929 with 1780 inhabitants. - In 1514, a famous sculptor Ivan Hrelić began construction of the tower on the protruding part of the coastal zone of Betina, facing the mainland, which was used to defend against the Turkish raids. Church of St. Francis dates from the 15th century and it has been rebuilt several times throughout history. - In 1736, the famous Baroque architect Ivan Skoko built a chapel around the great altar, and a bell tower that dominates the area, giving it the final touch and beauty. Sense of aesthetics and landscaping of old people from Betina is most evident in the Mediterranean architecture of the old centre of Betina. From the top of Cape Artić where the church of St. Frane stands, radiates a net of old stone streets with picturesque arches and vaults. Some of the streets are still paved with stone pebbles, as was a customary way of street paving in Betina through 17th and 18th century. Due to the picturesque scenery and level of preservation of the old centre, the town is under the protection as a cultural monument. - 1790 is the year of building of the old dock or Stari Mul - dock for "vapori" or steam boats. - In 1842, the decision of the Vienna Panel for Science opened the first school in the Croatian and Italian in Betina. This is also the first school in the administration of the Municipality of Tisno in that period. - 1865 in Betina is influenced by the Croatian National Revival, officially opening one of the oldest rural reading rooms in Dalmatia called "folk reading room." Its founders were prominent people from Betina at that time: Šime Magazin, Joso Filipi, Ive Šandrić, Joso Bilić, Ante Bilić and Šime Bokan. In the late 19th century, cultural-artistic association "Zora" is established which deals with preserving and nurturing of Betina's national heritage, and it is the oldest association of its kind in the Šibenik-Knin county. In 1902, company Hrvatski Sokol was founded by Roko Filipi and Ive Šandrić. In 1930, the company was shut down. - In 1950, sailing club "Žal" was founded while in 1953, a water polo club "Brodograditelj". - Unlike other inhabitants of this region, people from Betina historically predominantly practiced crafts, shipbuilding and smithery. In the first half of the 18 century Betina Paško Filipi moved to Betina from Korčula and founded a family shipyard - 1740 was the year in which the gajeta of Betina was created – a sturdy farmers' ship with Latin sails that is in use even today. This period is considered the beginning of Betina's shipbuilding and a start of the great economic boom of Betina. It must be mentioned that at its best times Betina had as many as 27 shipyards and 5 smithy shops. Family Filipi from Betina greatly influenced the development of shipbuilding in the Šibenik and Zadar county. 1848 witnesses another opening of a large and at that time modern shipyard which operates even today, and is one of the major economic factors in Betina.
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IME BETINA Postoje dvije teorije o imenu Betina. Općeprihvaćena je teorija da ime Betina potječe od keltske riječi "bet" što znači – usta i opisuje izgled prirodno formirane luke Betine (na gornjoj slici), koja poput usta, štiti brodove od naleta vjetra. Ovo ime je simbolično i stoga što su Betinu kroz povijest zvali "ustima šibenskog kraja", zbog plodnog betinskog Poja, bogatog ponajprije maslinama i smokvama, ali i povrćem koje je hranilo cijeli kraj. Po drugoj teoriji ime Betina potječe od starohrvatske riječi "betina" što znači voda ponornica. Vode ponornice su u Betini česta pojava, te su kroz povijest u Betini sagrađeni mnogi bunari koji su stanovništvo opskrbljivali pitkom vodom i vodom za navodnjavanje polja. BETINA KROZ POVIJEST Otok Murter je najveći i kopnu najbliži otok šibenskog arhipelaga. Bio je naseljen od starih Ilira (pleme Liburna) još u prethistorijsko doba. Povijesni kontinuitet nastavlja se i u vrijeme vladavine Rima, o čemu svjedoče ostaci rimskog naselja Colentum između Betine i Murtera, u blizini zajedničkog groblja, te ostaci ville rustice na području Plitka Vala. Hrvati se na otok doseljavaju u značajnijem broju između 8. i 9. stoljeća. Na području Gradine u blizini Colentuma pronađeni su starohrvatski grobovi iz 9. stoljeća. Betina se u pisanim dokumentima prvi put spominje 1423. godine. U 15. i 16. stoljeću naseljava je veći broj stanovnika sa područja Vrane, koji su se ovdje sklonili bježeći pred turskim nasrtajima. 1678. godine u Betini žive 52 obitelji i 350 stanovnika. Najveći porast stanovništva Betina je dosegla 1929. godine kada je u njoj živjelo 1780 stanovnika. - 1514. godine majstor Ivan Hrelić započinje gradnju kule na isturenom dijelu obalnog pojasa Betine, okrenutom prema kopnu, a koja je služila za obranu od provale Turaka. Crkva sv. Frane datira iz 15. stoljeća, a nadograđivana je nekoliko puta kroz povijest. - 1736. godine poznati barokni graditelj Ivan Skok podiže kapelu oko velikog oltara i zvonik koji dominira mjestom, te mjestu daje završni pečat i ljepotu. Smisao za estetiku i prostorno uređenje starih betinjana najviše se očituje u mediteranskoj arhitekturi stare betinske jezgre. Sa vrha rta Artić gdje se nalazi crkva sv. Frane, zrakasto se spušta mreža starih kamenih uličica sa slikovitim bolticama i svodovima. Neke od ulica još uvijek su popločene kamenim žalom, što je bio običaj popločavanja ulica u Betini kroz 17. i 18. stoljeće. Zbog slikovitosti i očuvanosti povijesne jezgre mjesto je pod zaštitom kao spomenik kulture. - 1790. godine gradi se Stari Mul – pristanište za "vapore". - 1842. godine prema odluci bečke dvorske komisije za znanost u Betini je otvorena prva škola na hrvatskom i talijanskom jeziku. Ovo je također i prva škola u tišnjanskoj upravi tih godina. 1865. godine u Betini se pod utjecajem Hrvatskog narodnog preporoda otvara jedna od najstarijih seoskih čitaonica u Dalmaciji pod nazivom "Pučka čitaonica". Njezini osnivači bili su ugledni Betinjani tog vremena: Šime Magazin, Joso Filipi, Ive Šandrić, Joso Bilić, Ante Bilić i Šime Bokan. Krajem 19. stoljeća osniva se i Kulturno-umjetničko društvo "Zora" koje se bavi njegovanjem i očuvanjem betinske narodne baštine, te je najstarije društvo ove vrste u Šibensko-kninskoj županiji. 1902. osniva se društvo Hrvatski Sokol od strane Roka Filipija i Ive Šandrića. 1930. godine ovo društvo je ugašeno. - 1950. godine osniva se Jedriličarski klub "Žal", a 1953. osnovan je Vaterpolo klub "Brodograditelj". - Za razliku od ostalih stanovnika naselja ovog kraja, betinjani su se kroz povijest pretežno bavili zanatima, brodograditeljstvom i kovačijom. U prvoj polovici 18. st. u Betinu se iz Korčule doseljava Paško Filipi i osniva obiteljsko brodogradilište. - 1740. godine osmišljena je Betinska gajeta – čvrst težački brod sa latinskim jedrom koji je u upotrebi i danas. Ovo razdoblje smatra se začetkom betinske brodogradnje i početak je velikog gospodarskog procvata Betine. Mora se napomeniti da je Betina u svojim najboljim vremenima imala čak 27 škverova i 5 kovačnica. Obitelj Filipi iz Betine uvelike je utjecala na razvoj brodogradnje u šibenskoj i zadarskoj županiji. 1848. godine otvara se veliko i u to vrijeme moderno brodogradilište koje djeluje još i danas, i jedan je od glavnih gospodarskih činitelja u Betini.