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Heart (cardiovascular) disease Heart disease is the second most commonly reported long-term disease, after musculoskeletal conditions, in the UK. In the general population, 1.5 million men and 1.1 million women are affected. The prevalence increases for those aged 75 or older, to 1 in 4 men and 1 in 5 women. The most common form of disease that involves the heart and blood vessels is hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). It occurs when cholesterol and fatty deposits clog the blood vessels, slowing blood flow and preventing the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the heart, brain and other organs. This may result in angina, heart attack or stroke. Heart disease can be life threatening. There are lots of risk factors for developing heart disease, many of which can be avoided or minimised. The psoriasis-heart connection The major risk factors for heart disease include diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure (hypertension), and increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL), often known as bad cholesterol. Research shows that risk factors for heart disease are more frequently found in people with psoriasis than in people without the condition. It is unclear why this is the case but it may explain why there can be an increased rate of heart disease in people with psoriasis. People with psoriasis may also be more likely to make lifestyle choices which increase their heart disease risk further. The good news is that you can take action against many of these risk factors and reduce your risk of heart disease. Medical research has also found that psoriasis itself may be a risk factor for developing heart disease. In one study, young people with severe psoriasis were three times more likely to have a heart attack than those of the same age who did not have psoriasis. Research from the UK has suggested that the risk of heart disease is greater for those who have psoriasis and inflammatory arthritis. However, other studies have reported that people with psoriasis have no additional risk of heart disease due to their psoriasis. There is currently a considerable amount of research being undertaken to explore the psoriasis-heart connection more fully. What you can change You may be able to reduce your risk of heart disease by doing something about the following issues. High blood pressure: High blood pressure or hypertension (consistently above 140/90 mmHg) can narrow and eventually block the blood vessels that carry blood around your body. It also places additional strain on the heart, with the potential to lead to a heart attack. Very high blood pressure can result in blood vessels in the brain bursting, causing a stroke. Hypertension often has no symptoms, so be sure to have your blood pressure checked every year. High blood cholesterol: Cholesterol and triglycerides are types of fat that are vital to healthy cell function, but they can also block and narrow the blood vessels, leading to a heart attack or stroke. High cholesterol levels are associated with high-fat diets, smoking, inactivity and a family history of high cholesterol. Eating a balanced diet, being physically active, not smoking and reducing salt and alcohol consumption can significantly reduce your cholesterol levels. Some people may also require medication to control their blood cholesterol. It is important to note that cholesterol is produced by the liver and despite low cholesterol diets some people still require medication to help reduce blood cholesterol levels. At the present time, the target healthy cholesterol level is the same for individuals with and without psoriasis. Physical inactivity: Being inactive can double your risk of heart attack and stroke. You don’t have to exercise strenuously to enjoy the health benefits. Start with a goal of 30 minutes of daily activity, such as walking or gardening. Gradually increase the amount and intensity. If activity causes pain or if you are unsure about embarking on any exercise programme, consult your doctor. It may also be helpful to see Physiotherapy and Exercise: Psoriatic Arthritis. Diabetes: It is essential that you manage your blood sugar level carefully if you have diabetes, as more than 80% of people with diabetes die of heart disease. Excess weight : Your weight can put you at risk of developing heart disease, as well as developing high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes. People who carry weight around their middle (apple-shaped) versus around their hips (pear-shaped) are at greater risk of heart problems. Even a modest reduction in weight – as little as 10% – can significantly reduce your chances of having a heart attack or stroke or developing diabetes, as well as improving your overall wellbeing. Smoking: Stopping smoking is one of the most important steps to take for a healthy heart. The health risks associated with smoking include atherosclerosis, an increased risk of blood clots, reduced oxygen in the blood, increased blood pressure and cholesterol, and heart disease. Excessive alcohol consumption: There is some evidence that a moderate amount of alcohol (particularly red wine) may be good for your heart; however, too much alcohol can contribute to various health problems, including heart disease. If you do drink alcohol, limit yourself to no more than one or two standard drinks (one pint of regular strength lager; one 5-oz glass of wine; 1-oz of spirits) a day and to a weekly maximum of nine drinks for women and fourteen drinks for men. Remember: for certain medications you will be advised to avoid alcohol (for example methotrexate), so do make sure your healthcare provider is aware of your alcohol consumption. Stress: Stress presents double trouble for people with psoriasis, increasing not only your risk of heart disease, but also psoriasis flares. It is important to learn how to reduce and deal with your stress in a healthy way rather than resorting to unhealthy strategies such as smoking, drinking and overeating. Exercise, yoga and relaxation techniques can be effective. However, there are many ways you can engage in healthy stress release, such as listening to music, meeting with friends or pursuing a hobby. You may also wish to talk to your doctor about counselling or medication. What you cannot change Some risk factors for heart disease cannot be changed. These include: Gender: Men over the age of 55 and postmenopausal women are at the greatest risk of heart disease. Increasing age: The risks of heart attacks and stroke increase with age. Ethnicity: People of African or South Asian descent are more likely to have diabetes and high blood pressure and are therefore at greater risk of heart disease and stroke Family history: If a brother, sister or parent developed heart disease before the age of 55 or had a stroke before the age of 65, you are statistically at higher risk. If you are worried about any of the issues outlined above, talk to your doctor or healthcare advisor, who will be able to provide you with reassurance and explanations of your individual risk factors. Is it your heart? If you have any of the risk factors for heart disease that you cannot change, it is especially important to try to reduce those risks which you can change. If you are worried about any of the issues outlined above, talk to your doctor or healthcare advisor, who will be able to provide you with reassurance and explanations of your individual risk factors. Your doctor may measure your blood pressure or take some blood tests. Often these are performed in the morning after an overnight fast. Your doctor may check your blood glucose or cholesterol levels. Depending on your risk factors for heart disease, you may be prescribed medication to help you. Some medications, collectively called statins, which can help control cholesterol, have several additional health benefits. Other possible medications, known as beta-blockers, are helpful for blood pressure but can cause worsening of psoriasis. If a new medication seems to be affecting you in an adverse way, please consult your doctor immediately. Some medications for the treatment of psoriasis can cause high blood pressure (ciclosporin) or change the levels of triglycerides/cholesterol (acitretin). If your dermatologist is considering these medications, he or she will check your blood pressure and take blood tests regularly. Angina - Pain: Discomfort or pain, generally in the chest, neck, jaw and/or shoulder that can be triggered by physical activity but eased by rest. The pain may feel like a heaviness, tightness or pressure. - Shortness of breath (with or without chest pain): Generally triggered by physical activity and relieved by rest. If you notice these symptoms seek the attention of your GP as soon as possible. Heart attack: - A heart attack may begin with the angina-like symptoms described above (pain and shortness of breath). The pain is usually very severe, comes on suddenly and does not go away with rest. - Nausea, indigestion or vomiting. - Sweating or cool, clammy skin. - Feelings of fear or anxiety. Stroke: - Sudden weakness or sudden numbness in the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body, even if temporary. - Sudden confusion or difficulty speaking or understanding, even if temporary. - Trouble seeing with one or both eyes. If you notice symptoms suggestive of a heart attack or stroke, seek emergency medical attention as soon as possible. Take action! - Do not smoke. If you are a smoker, take steps to reduce the amount you smoke. - Maintain a healthy weight. If your waist measures more than 102 centimetres (40 inches) for men or 88 centimetres (35 inches) for women, talk to your GP about weight loss strategies. - Eat a balanced diet, including whole grains, cereals, vegetables, fruit, lower-fat dairy products, leaner meats and food prepared with little to no fat. Avoid saturated and trans-fats; instead use olive oil, which is high in desirable monounsaturated fats. - Control your portion sizes. An easy method for determining meal portions is to use two open hands as your measure for vegetables; one closed hand for carbohydrates, such as pasta or rice; one closed hand for fruit; the palm of your hand for meat or protein alternative; and the tip of your thumb for fats, such as oil, margarine or butter. - Limit alcohol intake. - Deal with stress in a healthy way. - Be physically active for at least 30 minutes most days of the week. - Drink more water. Although there is no strict guideline, replacing fluids is important and you should aim to drink at least 2-3 litres of water a day, particularly during warm or hot weather. This article is adapted from the Psoriasis and the Heart leaflet. Download article as a pdf Always consult a doctor or your healthcare provider
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Kako održati zdravu razinu kolesterola u krvi Veza našeg tijela i kolesterola puna je ljubavi i mržnje. Tijelu je potreban kolesterol za stvaranje zdravih stanica, ali kada unosimo previše lošeg kolesterola (ili lipoproteina niske gustoće, LDL), on će se nakupljati u krvnim žilama i smanjiti protok krvi kroz njih te potencijalno ugrozitii zdravlje i s vremenom dovesti možda čak i do srčanog ili moždanog udara. Donosimoi 5 načina da razinu kolesterola u krvi držite u granicama normale. Veza našeg tijela i kolesterola puna je ljubavi i mržnje. Tijelu je potreban kolesterol za stvaranje zdravih stanica, ali kada unosimo previše lošeg kolesterola (ili lipoproteina niske gustoće, LDL), on će se nakupljati u krvnim žilama i smanjiti protok krvi kroz njih te potencijalno ugroziti zdravlje i s vremenom dovesti možda čak i do srčanog ili moždanog udara. Donosimo 5 načina da razinu kolesterola u krvi držite u granicama normale. Jedite samo zdrave masti Masti koje unosite u organizam usko su povezane s razinom kolesterola u krvi. Ako jedete previše nezdravih, zasićenih masti koje se nalaze u crvenom mesu, brzoj hrani, maslacu i visoko masnim mliječnim proizvodima te trans masti (iz namirnica poput krafni, čipsa od krumpira, tjestenine) možete podići nivo LDL kolesterola u krvi. Trans masti također snižavaju i razinu zdravih lipoproteina visoke gustoće (HDL) – takozvanog dobrog kolesterola koji pomaže da se ukloni LDL kolesterol sa stijenki krvnih žila. Tijelo treba masti da bi pravilno funkcioniralo, pa odaberite zdrave masti. Zdravstvene organizacije širom svijeta preporučuju da se u vašoj prehrani nađu male količine polinezasićenih i mononezasićenih masti koje se nalaze u orašastim plodovima, ribi i biljnim uljima. Bacite pogled na neki od vodiča za zdravu prehranu Sastavljanje zdravog plana prehrane je mnogo lakše uz ovakav vodič. On bi vam trebao pružiti informacije pomoću kojih ćete se lakše snaći u odabiru zdravih, a zasitnih namirnica za glavne obroke i užine. Ujedno ćete i sniziti razinu LDL kolesterola. Odlučite se za pet obroka u danu s dosta povrća i voća, kao i integralnih žitarica (u tjestenini i pecivima) te čistog mesa. Bezmasni ili niskomasni mliječni proizvodi se dobro slažu s grahom, orašastim plodovima i zdravim užinama koje sadrže voće, mrkvu i grickalice od integralnih žitarica. Ako budete jeli ove namirnice u razumnim količinama, osjećat ćete se energičnije i zdravije. Prestanite pušiti ili nemojte ni početi Prema podacima brojnih istraživanja, pušenje može ubrzati proces začepljenja krvnih žila, a i rezultira očvršćivanjem istih, što je savršena podloga za srčani ili moždani udar, jer krvne žile koje nisu elastične lakše pucaju. Ako se odreknete pušenja, drastično ćete smanjiti rizik od pojave kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Ako ste pušač, porazgovarajte sa svojim liječnikom o savjetima za odvikavanje. Vježbajte Svi znamo da prekomjerna tjelesna masa vodi ka povećanju rizika za razvoj bolesti srca. Zapravo, ona direktno utječe na kardiovaskularno zdravlje upravo putem povećanja ili snižavanja razine kolesterola. Redovno vježbanje može vam pomoći da smršavite i održite zdravu tjelesnu masu. Imajte na umu da odraslima treba oko 150 minuta umjerenog do intenzivnog aerobnog treninga svaki tjedan. Ono što vam također može pomoći su i kratki, svakodnevni, desetominutni intenzivni treninzi više puta na dan, kojima ćete lako postići 150 preporučenih minuta tijekom tjedna. Mudro odaberite dodatke prehrani Omega-3 masne kiseline su poznate po tome da snižavaju krvni tlak, trigliceride i loš (LDL) kolesterol. Nažalost, naše tijelo ne može samostalno proizvesti ove esencijalne masne kiseline pa je jedini način da u njihovim prednostima uživamo tako što ćemo uzimati dodatke prehrani ili ih u dovoljnim količinama unositi kroz prehranu. Ako se odlučite za dodatke prehrani, vodite računa o tome da uzmete one koji sadrže prirodna ulja koja se bolje apsorbiraju i pružaju kvalitetniju podršku organizmu. Ako želite uživati u ukusnim i zdravim kremastim napitcima, bogatim hranjivim sastojcima, naručite revolucionarni Nutribullet - ekstraktor hranjivih sastojaka ovdje.