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Are You At Risk for Cervical Cancer? There is really no way to know for sure if you're going to get cervical cancer. Certain factors can make you more likely to get cervical cancer than another woman. These are called risk factors. However, just because you have 1 or more risk factors does not mean you will get cervical cancer. In fact, you can have all the risk factors and still not get cervical cancer. With cervical cancer, it is rare to get the disease if you have no known risk factors, but it is possible. These are the main risk factors for cervical cancer: Not getting screened with a Pap test as recommended by your doctor High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV), a type of infection spread through sex Smoking HIV infection or a weak immune system Some risk factors are out of your control, such as your family history or already having HPV. However, other factors, such as getting regular screenings and doing what you can to prevent high-risk HPV, are ones you can control. In fact, when it comes to cervical cancer, you can have a good deal of influence over many of the most potent risk factors. Experts have evidence that cervical cancer is highly preventable and curable when you work with your health care team. Ask your doctors and your loved ones to help you think of ways that you can succeed to lower your risk of cervical cancer. If you agree with any of the following bolded statements, you may be at an increased risk for cervical cancer. Each time you agree with a statement below, ask yourself if you are doing all you can to control that risk factor. It may seem difficult, but your efforts can have a big payoff in terms of your health and quality of life. I have high-risk HPV. HPV is the most common cause of cervical cancer. An HPV infection is usually harmless and temporary. Anyone who has had sex, both men and women, can get an HPV infection. It is estimated that at least 50 percent of sexually active men and women acquire genital HPV infection at some point in their lives. Most people with HPV never know they are infected because the virus tends to go away on its own. There are many types of this virus. Only a few high-risk types can cause cervical cancer. The only way to tell if you have a high-risk type of HPV is to be tested. These facts will help you gain a basic understanding of HPV: About 13 types of HPV have been found to lead to cervical cancer. These include HPV 16, HPV 18, HPV 31, HPV 33, and HPV 45. HPV 16 and 18 cause about 70% of all cervical cancers. If high-risk types of HPV do not go away on their own, they may lead to cervical cancer. I've had sexual intercourse at a young age or with multiple partners, or I don't use protection during sex. You are at increased risk. You get high-risk HPV by having sex with someone who has the virus. Just because someone doesn't have any symptoms doesn't mean he or she does not have HPV. Many people have it and don't even know it. The only sure way to protect yourself is to not have sex at all or to have sex only with a partner who you know does not have HPV. Condoms do not protect you from HPV. But condom use is still very important. Condoms help protect against other sexually transmitted diseases, such as HIV and chlamydia. Some research has linked chlamydia to an increase in the risk of cervical cancer. I smoke. If you smoke, you have a higher risk of getting cervical cancer. You are twice as likely to get cervical cancer as women who do not smoke. Chemicals in cigarettes end up in your bloodstream and in the mucus in your cervix. I have HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, or have a weak immune system. Women with an HIV infection also have a weakened immune system. If you have HIV, it is harder for you to get rid of a high-risk HPV infection. Therefore, you have a higher risk of developing cervical disease or cervical cancer. Taking drugs that suppress the immune system increases the risk of cervical cancer. Other risk factors A few other factors have been linked to cervical cancer. If you agree with any of the statements below, ask yourself if you are doing all you can to control that risk factor: I don't eat many fruits and vegetables, especially foods with carotene and vitamins A, C, and E. These foods can help lower your risk of cervical cancer. I use oral contraceptives, also called birth control pills. Some research has shown that if you take birth control pills for more than 5 years, you may have an increased risk of cervical cancer. The increased risk is small, however. Also, some women reap benefits from taking oral contraceptives. Therefore, it's best to discuss your personal risks and benefits with your doctor or nurse when deciding about oral contraceptives. My mother took the drug Diethylstilbestrol (DES) when she was pregnant with me. Between the years 1940 and 1971, doctors sometimes prescribed this drug to women who had trouble with miscarriages. Of the women whose mothers took DES, the majority do not get cervical cancer. Even so, you are at higher risk for cervical cancer if your mother took DES while pregnant with you.
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Što moramo znati o HPV-u? Humani papilloma virus, ili HPV, je zapravo skupina od više od 100 virusa. Oni su jako česti i mogu uzrokovati nastanak različitih simptoma, kao što su bradavice na rukama, stopalima ili rak maternice. Neki tipovi ne uzrokuju nikakve simptome i oni su, u pravilu, najopasniji. Dobra vijest je da će u većini slučajeva vaš imunološki sustav eliminirati te viruse bez pomoći i liječenja. Ipak, za vas je bolje ako znate što više o prevenciji HPV - a i testiranju. Većina ljudi ima HPV Ako ste spolno aktivni velika je vjerojatnost da ćete u jednom trenutku svog života biti zaraženi HPV - om. Istraživanja su pokazala da je čak 80% žena do dobi od 50 godina zaraženo HPV - om. Oko dvije trećine djevojka u pubertetu je zaraženo HPV - om. U većini slučajeva će ove infekcije proći same od sebe i neće biti dugoročnih posljedica. Ponekad HPV može potaknuti nastanak promjena tjelesnih stanica, koje mogu uzrokovati nastanak raka maternice ili neke druge zdravstvene probleme. Postoji više vrsta HPV - a Znanstvenici su do sada otkrili više od 170 vrsta HPV - a. Srećom, ne uzrokuju sve vrste probleme. Oko 40 vrsta se lako širi putem vaginalnog, analnog i oralnog seksa. Njih 12 je povezano s rakom, a dva (HPV tip 16 i 18) uzrokuju najveći broj slučajeva raka, uzrokovanih HPV - om. Dječaci i muškarci ga također mogu imati HPV je češće povezan s nastankom raka kod žena. Očito je da muškarci nisu zaraženi istim tipom HPV - a, ali mogu biti zaraženi HPV - om. Prema posljednjim istraživanjima, gotovo svi spolno aktivni muškarci u jednom trenutku života budu zaraženi HPV - om. Opet ponavljamo, te infekcije u većini slučajeva prođu same od sebe, ali ponekad mogu uzrokovati nastanak raka grla, penisa ili anusa. HPV može uzrokovati nastanak raka grla HPV je razlog zašto se u posljednje vrijeme povećao broj slučajeva raka grla. Stručnjaci prognoziraju da će do 2020. godine HPV u većem broju uzrokovati nastanak raka grla nego raka maternice. Simptomi mogu biti bol grla koja ne prolazi i bol tijekom gutanja. HPV se prenosi i putem oralnog seksa Rak grla i usta su relativno rijetki, ali HPV povećava njihovu učestalost. Rizik od zaraze HPV - om putem oralnog seksa je poprilično mali. Alkohol i cigarete su znatno češći uzročnici nastanka raka grla i usta. Oralna higijena smanjuje rizik od zaraze HPV - om Nedavno istraživanje je pokazalo da oni, koji ne vode računa o higijeni oralne šupljine, imaju 56% veći rizik od zaraze HPV - om. Bolesti desni i gubitak zuba povećavaju rizik od zaraze HPV - om. Ako vam treba dobar razlog da počnete redovito prati zube, mislimo da je ovo sasvim dovoljno. Postoji cjepivo Zapravo, dva su već odobrena. Gardasil je odobren 2006. godine i štiti od HPV - a tipa 6 i 11 (oni uzrokuju genitalne bradavice) i 16 i 18 (koji uzrokuju oko 70% slučajeva raka maternice). Cervarix je odobren 2009. godine i štiti samo od HPV - a tipa 16 i 18. Žene su češći prenosioci HPV - a Iako postoji uvriježeno mišljenje da su muškarci češći prenosioci HPV - a, nova istraživanja pokazuju suprotno. Muškarci su pod 60% većim rizikom da će biti zaraženi od strane žene, u odnosu na žene da će biti zaražene od strane muškarca. Saznajte više o temi i na našem forumu Uključi se na Trudnica.hr Forum, sudjeluj u raspravama, podijeli svoje znanje i iskustva te postani dio naše online zajednice.NAPOMENA: Registracijom na Trudnica.hr portal automatski ćeš biti registrirana na naš forum sa istim korisničkim podacima. Najnovniji članci - Čudesne koristi limuna Većina ljudi je upoznata s tradicionalnom upotrebom limuna za ublažavanje... više - Zašto vam trbuh nije ravan? Prekomjerna mast na području trbuha... više - Djeca i ljetne opasnosti - prva pomoć! Opekline od sunca, sunčanica,... više - Kako ojačati nokte? Nokte čine jako male stanice koje su uglavnom formirane od keratina. One su... više - Obogatite okus jela! Limunov sokOdličan je kao začin za salate, ribu ili piletinu. Limunov sok... više - Plan vježbanja prema godinama Čvrsto, vitko i oblikovano tijelo... više Prijavi se ili registraraj na portal Trudnica.hrPrijavi seRegistriraj se