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Practical Guide: Data protection compliance in Turkey Introduction Turkey’s Personal Data Protection Law (KVKK) is the first law in Turkey that regulates personal data protection and outlines the legal obligations that entities and individuals dealing with personal data must comply with. No. 6698 or Kişisel Verileri Koruma Kanunu (KVKK) came into force on 7 April 2016, weeks before the EU passed its General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). There are notable differences between the KVKK and GDPR, not only because the Turkish data protection law is based on the GDPR’s predecessor (the KVKK was meant to bring Turkish legislation in line with the EU’s Directive 95/46/EC, which at the time governed data protection in the EU) but also because the data protection law of Turkey comes with its own set of unique requirements. FAQ's General Definitions The 8 steps to data protection compliance in Turkey our services Data Controller Representation Service Applications for international data transfers Registration with Verbis Data breach crisis management Creation of information and explicit consent texts Creation of data security, retention, erasure and privacy policies Compliance audits Contracts with third party data processors & employees Informing data subjects Regardless of the legal basis of data processing, data controllers are obliged to inform the data subjects when collecting personal data in respect of the minimum mandatory content outlined below (Article 10 of the Data Protection Law): - the identity of the data controller and its representative (the latter when necessary); - the purpose of personal data processing; - the recipients to whom the personal data is transferred, that it will be transferred abroad and where, and the purpose of the transfer; - the methods and legal reasons of collection of personal data; and - the data subject's rights under Article 11 of the Data Protection Law. This is usually done in the form of a privacy policy on webpages or delivered through digital communication or physical paper as well as other various notices prior to the data processing being carried out. Obtaining express (explicit) consent from data subjects In general, all kind of processing including transfers of personal data without the explicit consent of the data subject is only allowed under following exceptions: If applicable: Application to the data protection authority for international data transfers The application for data transfer abroad is currently somewhat problematic. All of the applications are currently being examined on a case-by-case basis. Appointment of data controller representative and VERBIS Registration The biggest difference between the KVKK and the GDPR is the obligation data controllers face under the KVKK to register at VERBIS, the TDPA’s Data Controllers Registry Information System. VERBIS registration is free and mandatory for all data controllers before they begin processing the data of Turkish residents. Once registered, data controllers are expected to record the data processing activities they engage in. Due to the complex nature of the VERBIS registration process, the deadline for it has been pushed back twice already, with the TDPA finally extending it to 31 December 2021 for all controllers. There are several exemptions to VERBIS registration, however these do not apply to data controllers domiciled outside of Turkey. During registration, data controllers will also be required to submit a Data Processing Inventory that identifies the categories of data subjects, the types of data they process, its purpose, their legal basis, and the technical and administrative measures that an organization is taking to comply with the KVKK. The data processing inventory for all data processed in Turkey must include at least the following information: - identifying information (including the address of the data controller or its representative); - data categories; - purpose of the data processing; - data subject groups; - recipient or recipient groups to which the data may be transferred; - information on whether the relevant data category is transferred abroad; - data security measures taken; and - the maximum time period for processing personal data. Guaranteeing data security with policy and procedure According to Article 12 of the Data Protection Law, data controllers are obliged to: - prevent unlawful processing of personal data; - prevent unlawful access to personal data; and - ensure the retention of personal data. The controller shall take all necessary technical and organisational measures for providing an appropriate level of security in order to fulfil these obligations. The data controllers must take all necessary technical and organisational measures to provide appropriate data security. The Personal Data Security Guide regarding technical and administrative measures published by the Board in January 2018 and the guideline for technical and administrative measures to be taken by the public authorities and key infrastructure organisations published by the Digital Transformation Office in July 2020 can be taken as references while complying with the obligation on data security measures. In addition to these sources, the Board's decision numbered 2018/10 must be taken into account with regards to the processing of special categories of personal data. The Board declared with this decision that data controllers must prepare a separate policy and procedure for protecting special categories of personal data and emphasised the importance of implementing measures which had previously been determined in the Personal Data Security Guide. As a result, data controllers must ensure that adequate safeguards are in place when processing special categories of personal data. If a natural or legal person processes personal data on behalf of the controller, the controller and these individuals are jointly responsible for implementing the appropriate precautions. As a result, data processors must likewise take steps to maintain data security. As a result, if the data controller's company's records are stored by an accounting firm (data processor), the controller and the accounting firm are jointly responsible for implementing the data processing measures outlined in the first paragraph. If applicable: Data breach notification and appropriate response If the processed data is collected by third parties via unlawful methods, data controllers must notify the data subject and the Board as soon as possible. The Board may, if required, publicize the breach on its official website or by other means it deems appropriate. The KVKK has published the Board decision numbered 2019/10 dated 24 January 2019 and numbered 2019/10 regarding the notification procedures and principles related to personal data breach. According to this decision: - data controller shall notify the Board without delay and within 72 hours at the latest from the date he/she learns of such breach. After identifying the persons affected by the data breach, the data controller shall promptly notify the related persons by appropriate methods; - in the event that data controller cannot notify the Board within 72 hours for good cause he/she should explain the reasons which caused the delay to the Board with the notification to be made; and - data controllers are obliged to use the document attached to such decision (only available in Turkish here). Creation and adherence to data retention and erasure policies As required by the principle of purpose limitation, personal data must only be kept for the reason for which it is processed. Data controllers shall comply with the periods foreseen in the legislation for the relevant personal data. The data controller is required to take the following administrative and technical measures in this regard: - establishing personal data retention and erasure policies and principles; - determining storage periods as well as technical and administrative measures to be used in storage; - and ensuring that personal data is stored in accordance with these principles. The details of the erasure, destruction, and anonymization process is governed by the DDA Regulation. In addition, a Guide on Erasure, Destruction, or Anonymisation of Personal Data has been prepared by the Board (only available in Turkish here), in order to clarify the implementation to this respect. It should also be mentioned that data controllers which are required to be registered with the Registry must draft a data storage and extermination policy. The mandatory content of the policy has been envisaged under the aforementioned regulation. Data controllers are obliged to publish their policy/procedures related to data retention and extermination. Contracts with third-party data processors The Data Protection Law does not introduce the idea of data processor agreements. However, when a third-party data processor is involved in data processing, the data controllers and data processors will share responsibility for data security (Article 12 of the Data Protection Law). To guarantee that third party data processors comply with data protection regulations, data controllers must sign data processing agreements. Furthermore, to ensure the proper flow of personal data processing, the data controller and the data processor should contractually regulate the authorization granted to the data processors, as well as the limits of the authorization, the technical details of the processing activity, and the principles and rules that must be followed by the data processors. Training and awareness for employees Data controllers are obliged to carry out (or have third parties carry out) necessary audits to ensure compliance with the Data Protection Law within their own organisation The data controller is also be obliged to be audited regarding its data security. The controller shall be obliged to conduct necessary auditions or have them conducted in his own institution or organization, with the aim of implementing the provisions of this Law. The controller can conduct this audition by himself or through a third party.
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KVKK Veri Güvenliğine İlişkin Yükümlülükler Kanunun veri güvenliğine ilişkin 12. maddesine göre veri sorumlusu; Kişisel verilerin hukuka aykırı olarak işlenmesini önlemek, Kişisel verilere hukuka aykırı olarak erişilmesini önlemek, Kişisel verilerin muhafazasını sağlamak ile yükümlüdür. Veri sorumlusu bu yükümlülüklerini yerine getirmek amacıyla uygun güvenlik düzeyini temin etmeye yönelik gerekli her türlü teknik ve idari tedbirleri almak zorundadır. Veri güvenliğine ilişkin yükümlülükleri belirlemek amacıyla düzenleyici işlem yapmak ise Kurulun yetki ve görevleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bununla birlikte, Kurul tarafından belirlenecek asgari kriterler esas alınmak üzere sektör bazında işlenen kişisel verilerin niteliğine göre ilave tedbirlerin alınması da söz konusu olabilecektir. Veri sorumlusu, kişisel verilerin kendi adına başka bir gerçek veya tüzel kişi tarafından işlenmesi hâlinde, gerekli tedbirlerin alınması hususunda bu kişilerle birlikte müştereken sorumludur. Dolayısıyla veri işleyenler de veri güvenliğinin sağlanması için tedbir alma yükümlülüğü altındadır. Buna göre, örneğin veri sorumlusunun şirketine ilişkin kayıtlar bir muhasebe şirketi tarafından tutuluyorsa, verilerin işlenmesine ilişkin birinci fıkrada belirtilen tedbirlerin alınması hususunda veri sorumlusu muhasebe şirketiyle birlikte müştereken sorumlu olacaktır. Kanunda, veri güvenliğine ilişkin olarak ayrıca veri sorumlusuna denetim yükümlülüğü getirilmiştir. Veri sorumlusu, kendi kurum veya kuruluşunda, Kanun hükümlerinin uygulanmasını sağlamak amacıyla gerekli denetimleri yapmak veya yaptırmak zorundadır. Dolayısıyla, veri sorumlusu bu denetimi kendisi gerçekleştirebileceği gibi, bir üçüncü kişi vasıtasıyla da gerçekleştirebilir. Öte yandan, veri sorumluları ile veri işleyen kişiler, öğrendikleri kişisel verileri bu Kanun hükümlerine aykırı olarak başkasına açıklayamaz ve işleme amacı dışında kullanamazlar. Bu yükümlülük görevden ayrılmalarından sonra da devam eder. Son olarak, işlenen kişisel verilerin kanuni olmayan yollarla başkaları tarafından elde edilmesi hâlinde, veri sorumlusu bu durumu en kısa sürede ilgilisine ve Kurula bildirir. Kurul, gerekmesi hâlinde bu durumu, kendi internet sitesinde ya da uygun göreceği başka bir yöntemle ilan edebilir. Veri güvenliğine ilişkin alınacak önlemlerin her bir veri sorumlusunun yapısına, faaliyetlerine ve tabi olduğu risklere uygun olması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle, veri güvenliğine ilişkin tek bir model öngörülememektedir. Uygun önlemlerin belirlenmesinde şirketin büyüklüğü veya cirosunun yanı sıra veri sorumlusunun yaptığı işin ve korunan kişisel verinin niteliği de önemlidir.