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Europe and Central Asia: more civil engagement needed (Part I) Regional analysis by Cornelia Abel, Nacho Espinosa and Svetlana Savitskaya In 2017, authoritarianism rose across Eastern and South East Europe, hindering anti-corruption efforts and threatening civil liberties. Across the region, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and independent media experienced challenges in their ability to monitor and criticise decision-makers. For example, in Poland, government bodies took over the management and distribution of vital funds for non-government organisations. Similarly, in Romania, the government put forward a bill which imposes disproportionate reporting requirements on NGOs. Comparable laws directed at curbing NGOs also passed in countries throughout the region. Stigmatisation of civil engagement in Hungary Hungary, which saw a ten-point decrease in the index over the last six years, moving from 55 in 2012 to 45 in 2017, is one of the most alarming examples of shrinking civil society space in Eastern Europe. Recently, the country drafted legislation that threatens to restrict NGOs and revoke their charitable status. Equally troubling, the government also passed a law that stigmatises NGOs based on their funding structures and adds burdensome reporting requirements. As a result, more than 20 NGOs filed legal proceedings against the government in both the Hungarian Constitutional Court and European Court of Human Rights. Anti-corruption activists under attack in Ukraine With a score of 30, Ukraine continues to see attacks against anti-corruption activists, NGOs and journalists exposing corruption. Smear campaigns, illegal inspections, lawsuits, harassment and beatings are all instruments sometimes used by the powerful elite against those who drive anti-corruption efforts. Currently, civil society organisations working on anti-corruption issues are forced to fill out cumbersome e-declaration forms that make daily operations very difficult. Despite calls to end this practice, as well as subsequent promises made by the government, these requirements still exist. Efforts to establish an independent anti-corruption court were also delayed despite pressure from international and national stakeholders. While an independent anti-corruption court is urgently needed, an independent judiciary is similarly important. Without this, civil liberties and freedom of the press are an illusion. A legal system that is independent of political influence is a prerequisite for safeguarding the rights of all citizens, including those pushing anti-corruption reforms. Public sector curtailed in Turkey For the past 19 months, Turkey, which received a score of 40 on the 2017 index, has been governed under a state of emergency that suspends all separation of powers and establishes decision-making by statutory decree. During this time, about 120,000 public officials and legal professionals lost their jobs, making it nearly impossible for the public sector to perform effectively. According to Transparency International Turkey more than 40 per cent of public procurements are not subject to the public procurement law and 28 per cent of those subject to the law are not open tenders. As a result, open and fair public procurement has become the exception, rather than the rule. In addition, the rights of journalists and civil society organisations also decreased. In the last year alone, more than 70 journalists and civil society activists were imprisoned. Equally alarming, a lack of transparency in budget spending has reached new heights. In Turkey, all public enterprises with a total value of more than US$40 billion are concentrated under the Turkish Wealth Fund which has not published any figures or activity reports in the last two years. In addition, a discretionary fund for the president and prime minister, who have no obligations to report the details from that account, also increased by nearly US$800 million. Some progress in Italy With a score of 50, Italy increased its score by eight points in 2017 compared to 2012, however, the country is still 16 points below the regional average for Western Europe. While corruption remains a serious issue in Italy, institutional and legal structures are being built to combat it. Four relevant laws were recently approved on whistleblowing, transparency, undue influence and anti-money laundering. Although it will take time before any of these laws lead to real change these steps represent some progress. Former best-performer Finland loses ground One of the most worrying cases in Western Europe is Finland. Traditionally viewed as the bastion of good governance and one of the top performers on the index, this year Finland’s score dropped by four points from 89 in 2016 to 85 in 2017. This could be attributed to indistinct borders between public and private interests, where some people holding public office are not always maintaining a proper culture of recusing themselves from decisions that may affect them. With no regulations placed on financial disclosures or conflicts of interest for the head of state, this too may have a significant impact. An unwillingness of the Finish prime minister to respond to journalists’ inquiries about assets and investments caused a crisis situation and seriously damaged relations between the media and the government. Call to action Looking at lessons from across the region, our regional analysis confirms more civil engagement is needed to hold leaders and governments to account. We cannot fight corruption if there is limited civic space for people to engage. Nor can we move forward if a repressed media cannot report cases of corruption. To truly turn the tide against corruption, a change in mind-set and behaviour is needed. At their core, governments should serve communities and be transparent in their activities, and communities should be able to hold governments to account and have a means to offer constructive input. This is Part I of our regional analysis of Eastern Europe and Central Asia - you can find the second part here. CPI Countries - Albania - Armenia - Austria - Azerbaijan - Belarus - Belgium - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bulgaria - Croatia - Cyprus - Czech Republic - Denmark - Estonia - France - Georgia - Germany - Greece - Hungary - Iceland - Ireland - Italy - Kazakhstan - Kosovo - Kyrgyzstan - Latvia - Lithuania - Luxembourg - Republic of North Macedonia - Malta - Moldova - Montenegro - Netherlands - Norway - Poland - Portugal - Romania - Russia - Serbia - Slovakia - Slovenia - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - Tajikistan - Turkey - Turkmenistan - Ukraine - United Kingdom For any press inquiries please contact press@transparency.org You might also like... Europe and Central Asia: More civil engagement needed (Part II) News • As follow-up to the regional analysis of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, additional examples from Albania, Kosovo and Georgia highlight the need for more progress in… Western Europe and EU: stagnating anti-corruption efforts and weakening democratic institutions News • With an average regional score of 66 out of 100, Western Europe and the EU are doing far better than other parts of the globe. However, for a region that prides itself on some of… CPI 2021 for Western Europe & European Union: Trouble ahead for stagnating region News • Western Europe and the EU still tops the CPI, but the COVID-19 pandemic has threatened transparency and accountability across the region, leaving no country unscathed and exposing… CPI 2020: Western Europe & European Union News • Western Europe and the EU is the highest performing region on the CPI, but is under enormous strain due to COVID-19.
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2018’de Rusya’da gerçekleşecek olan Dünya kupası için yarışma heyecanı son süratle devam etmektedir. 2018 dünya kupasını garantileyen ülkeler içinde yer alan isimler şunlardır: Belçika, Meksika, Suudi Arabistan, Güney Kore, Japonya, Brezilya, İran şu anda 2018 Dünya Kupasını Garantileyen Ülkeler içinde yer almaktadır. 2018 Dünya Kupasını Garantileyen Ülkeler ve Başarı Durumları Belçika’nın 2018 Dünya kupası ile birlikte katıldığı dünya kupalarının 13.’sünde yer almış olacaktır. 2018 Dünya Kupasını Garantileyen Ülkeler içinde kupa için mücadeleye doğrudan katılacak olan takımlardandır. 2018 Dünya kupasını garantileyen ülkeler arasında yer alan Meksika ise 7.kez şampiyonada mücadele edecek takımlar arasında yer almaktadır. 2018 yılındaki katılımıyla birlikte 7 kez üst üste Dünya Kupasına katılan takım olarak rekor kırmaya adaydır. 18 puanla kupa karşılaşmalarına katılmayı garantileyen Meksika, futbol tarihinde ilk 16.lığını elde etmiştir. 2018 Dünya kupasını garantileyen ülkeler arasında bir diğeri olan İran Asya Elemelerini geçerek gruplarını ilk sırada tamamlamıştır. İran da şampiyonaya katılmayı garantileyen takımlar içinde yerini almıştır. 2018 Dünya kupasını garantileyen ülkeler arasında yer alan Güney Kore grup ikincisi olmuştur. Brezilya’nın 9 Maçlık Galibiyet Serisi Son Maçtaki Beraberlik İle Bozuldu! Brezilya 2018 Dünya kupasını garantileyen ülkeler arasında yer almakla beraber 10.karşılaşma neticesinde Kolombiya ile 1 – 1 berabere kalmıştır. Beraberlik ile birlikte rekoru sona erse de Brezilya Rusya’daki şampiyona için açık bilet hakkı kazanmıştır. 2018 Dünya Kupasını Garantileyen Ülkeler ve Yer Aldıkları Gruplar A Grubunda Yer Alan Takımlar - Hollanda - Fransa - İsveç - Bulgaristan - Belarus - Lüksemburg B Grubunda Yer Alan Takımlar - Portekiz - Andorra - İsviçre - Letonya - Macaristan - Faroe Adaları C Grubunda Yer Alan Takımlar - Almanya - Çek Cumhuriyeti - San Marino - Azerbaycan - Norveç - Kuzey İrlanda D Grubunda Yer Alan Takımlar - Galler - Gürcistan - Avusturya - Moldova - Sırbistan - İrlanda Cumhuriyeti E Grubunda Yer Alan Takımlar - Romanya - Kazakistan - Danimarka - Ermenistan - Polonya - Karadağ F Grubunda Yer Alan Ülkeler - İngiltere - Malta - Slovakya - Litvanya - Slovenya - İskoçya G Grubunda Yer Alan Ülkeler - Liechtestein - İspanya - Makedonya - İtalya - İsrail - Arnavutluk H Grubunda Yer Alan Ülkeler - Kıbrıs Rum Kesimi - Belçika - Estonya - Bosna Hersek - Yunanistan I Grubunda Yer Alan Ülkeler - Hırvatistan - İzlanda - Finlandiya - Ukrayna - Türkiye 2018 Dünya Kupasını garantileyen ülkeler ve hangi grupta yer aldıkları ile ilgili de bilgi vermiş olduk. Dünya kupasına dair gelişen detayları ilerleyen dönemde paylaşmaya devam edeceğiz.