Således kan de socialistiske regimers sam­menbrud og udviklingsefterslæbet i de mindst udviklede lande præsenteres som et resultat af et "demokratisk underskud", dvs. som en fiasko for autoritære, centra­liserede og bureaukratiske akkumu­lationspædagogikker.
In the course of this century, the destruc­tion of these institutions has in some countries historically led to the (slow and difficult) construction (via social struggles and negotiation) of capitalism's only in­novation in the field of reproduction: "em­ployment", defined as the combination of holding a job (working activity regulated by labour legislation) and a "wage", a re­source defined by a scale (a) including a contribution giving the right to benefits in proportion to the direct wage, (b) ad­ministered on the basis of social partner­ship according to the principle of a cer­tain geographical area.