Samtidigt med at Domstolen konstaterede, at denne rammeaftale ikke foreskriver en generel forpligtelse for medlemsstaterne til at fastsætte, at tidsbegrænsede ansættelseskontrakter skal ændres til tidsubegrænsede kontrakter, fastslog den, at anvendelsen af flere på hinanden følgende tidsbegrænsede ansættelseskontrakter, der alene er begrundet i, at der er fastsat bestemmelser herom i en medlemsstats lovgivning eller administrative bestemmelser, er i strid med rammeaftalens § 5, stk. 1, litra a).
In Case C-436/04 Van Esbroeck [2006] ECR I-2333, the Court stated first that the non bis in idem principle must be applied to criminal proceedings brought in a Contracting State for acts for which a person has already been convicted in another Contracting State even though the Convention was not yet in force in the latter State at the time at which that person was convicted, insofar as the Convention was in force in the Contracting States in question at the time of the assessment, by the court before which the second proceedings