Ud fra disse betragtninger udtalte Domstolen, at den i en række sager hav de statueret, at borgerne kunne støtte ret på ubetin gede og tilstrækkelig præcise direktivbestemmelser (hvilket var tilfældet med direktivets artikel 5, stk. 1) over for organer eller enheder (uanset disses retlige form), som var undergivet statslig myndighed eller kontrol, eller som havde særlige beføjelser ud over dem, der fulgte af de regler, der fandt anvendelse i forholdet mellem borgerne.
On the basis of those considerations, the Court stated that it had held in a series of cases that unconditional and sufficiently precise provisions of a directive (this being so in the case of Article 5(1 ) of the Directive) could be re lied on against organizations or bodies (whatever their legal form) which were subject to the authority or control of the State or had special powers beyond those which resulted from the normal rules applicable to relations between individuals.