Dette er blevet hårdt kritiseret i lyset af såvel den bypolitiske økonomi, der domineres af den uformelle sektor (Leontidou 1990), som af den postmoderne teori (Leontidou 1993, 1996, 1997).
This has been severely criticized in the light of both the urban political economy, dominated by the informal sector (Leontidou 1990), and of postmodern theory (Leontidou 1993, 1996, 1997).