<p>The tilt of the rotation axis of the Earth is probably twofold. First, it is probably due to <strong>Earth formation history</strong>. Even though, by angular momentum conservation, planets should have a rotation axis aligned with that of the Sun, their formation history, characterized by accretion and collision of planetisimals, should have perturbated the initial axis. Second, it is due to <strong>gravitational perturbations</strong>. And actually, regarding this effects, Earth axis should be much more tilted; hopefully, <a href="https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/476/why-does-the-moon-stablize-earths-axis/477#477">the Moon is there to help</a>.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2013-10-09T10:32:56.957Z
2013-10-09T10:32:56.957Z
2017-04-13T12:59:07.017Z
MBR
<p>First up, the tilt is exactly 23.45 degrees.</p>
<p>The reason for Earth's tilt is still not yet really proven, but <a href="https://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S15/64/72A37/index.xml?section=newsreleases" rel="noreferrer">scientists at Princeton stated on August 25, 2006</a> that planet Earth may have 'tilted' to keep its balance. Quote:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>By analyzing the magnetic composition of ancient sediments found in the remote Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard, Princeton University's Adam Maloof has lent credence to a 140-year-old theory regarding the way the Earth might restore its own balance if an unequal distribution of weight ever developed in its interior or on its surface.</p>
<p>The theory, known as true polar wander, postulates that if an object of sufficient weight -- such as a supersized volcano -- ever formed far from the equator, the force of the planet's rotation would gradually pull the heavy object away from the axis the Earth spins around. If the volcanoes, land and other masses that exist within the spinning Earth ever became sufficiently imbalanced, the planet would tilt and rotate itself until this extra weight was relocated to a point along the equator.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Same goes for the lack of proof about the exact consequences on the planet or if it'll happen again. All that is still being researched and debated, but those Princeton scientists have thrown in some interesting perspectives which you'll discover when you visit the link I provided and completely read what they wrote.</p>
<p>Besides &quot;consequences&quot; for Earth as a planet, it should be noted that the tilt of Earth is the reason why we have seasons. So even when we yet have to find out what the consequences for Earth (as a planet) have been and/or will be, we do know that the tilt surely has consequences for all beings that live on planet Earth… the seasons that influence us all: summer, fall, winter, and spring.</p>
<p>And - last but not least - as for your question how they know where 0 degrees would be, you just have to look at the Earth's rotation around the sun. Take a 90° angle of the planet's orbit and you know where 0° would be. But I guess a picture explains more than a thousand words, so I quickly created the following graphic:</p>
<p><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/K7p3s.png" alt="tilt and axis explained" /></p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2013-10-09T08:58:34.133Z
@Evert Correct. Thinking about it, it would be pretty interesting if we would be able to live long enough to see the long-term consequences of the Moon's increasing distance from Earth, especially in relation to that stabilizing effect.
e-sushi
CC BY-SA 3.0
2013-10-09T00:25:49.420Z
2013-10-09T06:18:12.093Z
2020-06-17T09:47:40.653Z
e-sushi
<ul>
<li>Is there a reason that the Earth has the tilt that it does (~23°)?  </li>
<li>How do we know which way is supposed to be 0°? </li>
<li>Does this tilt have major consequences on the planet? </li>
<li>Has it changed and will it change in the future? (If so, would there be any consequences?)</li>
</ul>

<earth><rotation>
Why does the Earth have a tilt of ~23°?
Jackson
# Why does the Earth have a tilt of ~23°?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2013-10-08)

* Is there a reason that the Earth has the tilt that it does (~23°)?
* How do we know which way is supposed to be 0°?
* Does this tilt have major consequences on the planet?
* Has it changed and will it change in the future? (If so, would there be any consequences?)

**Tags:** earth, rotation


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## 2 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2013-10-09. Score: 25 | Accepted answer

First up, the tilt is exactly 23.45 degrees.

The reason for Earth's tilt is still not yet really proven, but [scientists at Princeton stated on August 25, 2006](https://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S15/64/72A37/index.xml?section=newsreleases) that planet Earth may have 'tilted' to keep its balance. Quote:

> By analyzing the magnetic composition of ancient sediments found in the remote Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard, Princeton University's Adam Maloof has lent credence to a 140-year-old theory regarding the way the Earth might restore its own balance if an unequal distribution of weight ever developed in its interior or on its surface.
>
> The theory, known as true polar wander, postulates that if an object of sufficient weight -- such as a supersized volcano -- ever formed far from the equator, the force of the planet's rotation would gradually pull the heavy object away from the axis the Earth spins around. If the volcanoes, land and other masses that exist within the spinning Earth ever became sufficiently imbalanced, the planet would tilt and rotate itself until this extra weight was relocated to a point along the equator.

Same goes for the lack of proof about the exact consequences on the planet or if it'll happen again. All that is still being researched and debated, but those Princeton scientists have thrown in some interesting perspectives which you'll discover when you visit the link I provided and completely read what they wrote.

Besides "consequences" for Earth as a planet, it should be noted that the tilt of Earth is the reason why we have seasons. So even when we yet have to find out what the consequences for Earth (as a planet) have been and/or will be, we do know that the tilt surely has consequences for all beings that live on planet Earth… the seasons that influence us all: summer, fall, winter, and spring.

And - last but not least - as for your question how they know where 0 degrees would be, you just have to look at the Earth's rotation around the sun. Take a 90° angle of the planet's orbit and you know where 0° would be. But I guess a picture explains more than a thousand words, so I quickly created the following graphic:

![tilt and axis explained](https://i.sstatic.net/K7p3s.png)

> **Comments:**
> **username_2**: @Evert Correct. Thinking about it, it would be pretty interesting if we would be able to live long enough to see the long-term consequences of the Moon's increasing distance from Earth, especially in relation to that stabilizing effect.  

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### Answer by username_1 on 2013-10-09. Score: 6

The tilt of the rotation axis of the Earth is probably twofold. First, it is probably due to **Earth formation history**. Even though, by angular momentum conservation, planets should have a rotation axis aligned with that of the Sun, their formation history, characterized by accretion and collision of planetisimals, should have perturbated the initial axis. Second, it is due to **gravitational perturbations**. And actually, regarding this effects, Earth axis should be much more tilted; hopefully, [the Moon is there to help](https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/476/why-does-the-moon-stablize-earths-axis/477#477).


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