<p>Most CCD or photographic images are equivalent to a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnomonic_projection" rel="nofollow noreferrer">gnomonic</a> projection.
I suppose this is true of the Kepler CCDs; while the Schmidt camera focus surface is curved, the CCDs have individual field flatteners.
If the projection is not exactly gnomonic, the difference is not very great in a small field.</p>

<p>As you found, a single gnomonic projection doesn't work so well for areas much wider than 90&deg;.
TheSky <a href="https://www.bisque.com/wp-content/cs-content/help/theskyxsaeandpro/index.htm#t=Cosmic_Coordinates.htm%23Understanding_Projections" rel="nofollow noreferrer">user guide</a>
says it uses <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographic_projection_in_cartography" rel="nofollow noreferrer">orthographic</a> projection for fields smaller than 60&deg;.
The slightly curved RA lines and slightly oblique intersections near the corners of the chart in question are consistent with that.
Other projection choices are also valid, e.g. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereographic_projection_in_cartography" rel="nofollow noreferrer">stereographic</a> projection is common in maps showing a hemisphere at once.</p>

<p>In any case you'd need to transform the individual image tiles to the same projection as the composite overview.
This will change the tiles' shapes or sizes, but the relation between map coordinates and sky coordinates will be consistent.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-05-25T20:10:25.147Z
I'll provide a description of what's happening but unfortunately can't show any visuals.
NeutronStar
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-05-25T20:14:38.847Z
(since I had to delete my first comment on this post, here it is again) 
I already tried gnomonic projection, my survey images overlapped (my field is very large, tens of degrees on a side). This is a simulated survey I'm making myself, so no such table of field corner coordinates for me, alas.
NeutronStar
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-05-25T21:17:03.620Z
@NeutronStar Updated.
Mike G
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-05-25T18:45:07.850Z
2020-05-25T21:16:53.653Z
2020-05-25T21:16:53.653Z
Mike G
<p>I am wondering what projection is used to produce plots like this:</p>

<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/dSYYW.jpg" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/dSYYW.jpg" alt="enter image description here"></a></p>

<p>(Image taken from <a href="https://keplergo.github.io/KeplerScienceWebsite/the-kepler-space-telescope.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">here</a>, author: NASA/Ames/JPL-Caltech, Image credit: Software Bisque)</p>

<p>More generally, I am trying to figure out the telescope pointings (in az/el or an earth-centered-earth-fixed coordinate system preferably, RA/dec if the former are not possible or easy) for a tiled array of square images positioned next to each other, similar to how the <em>Kepler</em> CCDs are laid out.  I'm thinking that if I could know what projection is used to produce that plot, then I could step in x/y to wherever I want the images to be and then de-project to convert to RA/dec.</p>

<p>I have tried a gnomonic projection but I found that, with increasing distance from the survey center-point, more and more overlap occur between adjacent frames.  Things looked really good close to the center-point though.  I realized that a gnomonic projection isn't actually providing what I want, since I can move across the projection area a large amount (infinity in the limiting case) and still end up with az/el pointings that are on the horizon, despite moving over an infinite number of frames.</p>

<telescope><coordinate><sky-survey><projection>
How to plot curvilinear coordinates in the frame of a Cartesian telescope field of view
NeutronStar
# How to plot curvilinear coordinates in the frame of a Cartesian telescope field of view

(Asked by: username_0 on 2020-05-22)

I am wondering what projection is used to produce plots like this:

[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/dSYYW.jpg)](https://i.sstatic.net/dSYYW.jpg)

(Image taken from [here](https://keplergo.github.io/KeplerScienceWebsite/the-kepler-space-telescope.html), author: NASA/Ames/JPL-Caltech, Image credit: Software Bisque)

More generally, I am trying to figure out the telescope pointings (in az/el or an earth-centered-earth-fixed coordinate system preferably, RA/dec if the former are not possible or easy) for a tiled array of square images positioned next to each other, similar to how the *Kepler* CCDs are laid out. I'm thinking that if I could know what projection is used to produce that plot, then I could step in x/y to wherever I want the images to be and then de-project to convert to RA/dec.

I have tried a gnomonic projection but I found that, with increasing distance from the survey center-point, more and more overlap occur between adjacent frames. Things looked really good close to the center-point though. I realized that a gnomonic projection isn't actually providing what I want, since I can move across the projection area a large amount (infinity in the limiting case) and still end up with az/el pointings that are on the horizon, despite moving over an infinite number of frames.

**Tags:** telescope, coordinate, sky-survey, projection


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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2020-05-25. Score: 2

Most CCD or photographic images are equivalent to a [gnomonic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnomonic_projection) projection.
I suppose this is true of the Kepler CCDs; while the Schmidt camera focus surface is curved, the CCDs have individual field flatteners.
If the projection is not exactly gnomonic, the difference is not very great in a small field.

As you found, a single gnomonic projection doesn't work so well for areas much wider than 90°.
TheSky [user guide](https://www.bisque.com/wp-content/cs-content/help/theskyxsaeandpro/index.htm#t=Cosmic_Coordinates.htm%23Understanding_Projections)
says it uses [orthographic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographic_projection_in_cartography) projection for fields smaller than 60°.
The slightly curved RA lines and slightly oblique intersections near the corners of the chart in question are consistent with that.
Other projection choices are also valid, e.g. [stereographic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereographic_projection_in_cartography) projection is common in maps showing a hemisphere at once.

In any case you'd need to transform the individual image tiles to the same projection as the composite overview.
This will change the tiles' shapes or sizes, but the relation between map coordinates and sky coordinates will be consistent.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: I'll provide a description of what's happening but unfortunately can't show any visuals.  
> **username_0**: (since I had to delete my first comment on this post, here it is again)  I already tried gnomonic projection, my survey images overlapped (my field is very large, tens of degrees on a side). This is a simulated survey I'm making myself, so no such table of field corner coordinates for me, alas.  
> **username_1**: @username_0 Updated.  

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