<p>What you did was to switch in a Coudé mirror, which sends the light down the equatorial mount as you described, to other instruments (besides the original focal point of the secondary mirror)
There are several designs to a Coudé path. The simplest uses a flat mirror and then places a second camera at the re-positioned focal plane, or re-images that focal plane using relay lenses.
<a href="https://i.sstatic.net/gKt9l.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/gKt9l.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p>
<p>Other designs can use a convex mirror as the first Coudé mirror to extend the focal length and send the light down into a &quot;Coudé room&quot; where other instruments are located.
<a href="https://i.sstatic.net/El7GS.gif" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/El7GS.gif" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-04-11T20:01:23.890Z
Cool! All that remains is to dig up some old documentation on the Boller & Chivens 0.61 m telescope to see if the first Coude mirror was some off-axis convex mirror or how they got the focus all the way to the floor below. *Thanks!*
uhoh
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-04-12T11:27:59.567Z
The pictured setup with a flat tertiary mirror is very often referred to as a [Nasmyth telescope](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasmyth_telescope), and is very common for large telescopes.
Peter Erwin
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-04-11T13:44:41.377Z
2021-04-11T13:44:41.377Z
nflemming2004
<p>Current answer(s) to <a href="https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/6006/7982">How do telescopes &quot;zoom&quot; and change angle of view?</a> are &quot;they don't&quot;, but traditional large genera-purpose observatory telescopes do sometimes (often?) have multiple focuses with different f/ numbers.</p>
<p>I vaguely recall about 1 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myr" rel="nofollow noreferrer">mya</a> a 24 inch (0.61 meter) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boller_and_Chivens" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Boller and Chivens</a> with a primary focus at the back for photographic plates, and a little door somewhere along the side of the telescope where you would reach in with one arm, feel your way around and somehow rotate something into place that would send the light path down though the mount into a big room on the floor below where a pair of grating spectrographs sat on concrete pedestals, a &quot;normal&quot; one and an Echelle, both with photographic plate holders.</p>
<p>During the procedure fiddling around inside the telescope, one had to be extremely cautious not to touch any optical surfaces; which at 3 AM in the dark it was quite a challenge.</p>
<p>Presumably this presented a far longer f/no. focus for the slits. We;d place the slit across Jupiter, develop the Echelele plate, and measure it's rotation rate on a Mann measuring machine if I remember correctly.</p>
<p><strong>Question:</strong> How did I flip some mirrors around in the dark at 3 AM and change the focal length of a 24 inch Boller and Chivens?</p>
<hr />
<p>Example of a similar instrument found on the internet: <a href="https://www.thegazette.com/life/eastern-iowa-observatory-offers-a-chance-to-see-the-stars-and-so-much-more/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Eastern Iowa Observatory offers a chance to see the stars and so much more</a>. The &quot;mirror-swapping door&quot; of which I speak is probably on the other side of the telescope.</p>
<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/CURmq.jpg" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/CURmq.jpg" alt="24 inch Boller and Chivens telescope, from Eastern Iowa Observatory offers a chance to see the stars and so much more" /></a></p>
<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/4ily2.jpg" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/4ily2.jpg" alt="24 inch Boller and Chivens telescope, from Eastern Iowa Observatory offers a chance to see the stars and so much more" /></a></p>

<observational-astronomy><telescope><optics><observatory><cassegrain-telescope>
How did I flip some mirrors around in the dark at 3 AM and change the focal length of a 24 inch Boller and Chivens?
uhoh
# How did I flip some mirrors around in the dark at 3 AM and change the focal length of a 24 inch Boller and Chivens?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2021-04-11)

Current answer(s) to [How do telescopes "zoom" and change angle of view?](https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/6006/7982) are "they don't", but traditional large genera-purpose observatory telescopes do sometimes (often?) have multiple focuses with different f/ numbers.

I vaguely recall about 1 [mya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myr) a 24 inch (0.61 meter) [Boller and Chivens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boller_and_Chivens) with a primary focus at the back for photographic plates, and a little door somewhere along the side of the telescope where you would reach in with one arm, feel your way around and somehow rotate something into place that would send the light path down though the mount into a big room on the floor below where a pair of grating spectrographs sat on concrete pedestals, a "normal" one and an Echelle, both with photographic plate holders.

During the procedure fiddling around inside the telescope, one had to be extremely cautious not to touch any optical surfaces; which at 3 AM in the dark it was quite a challenge.

Presumably this presented a far longer f/no. focus for the slits. We;d place the slit across Jupiter, develop the Echelele plate, and measure it's rotation rate on a Mann measuring machine if I remember correctly.

**Question:** How did I flip some mirrors around in the dark at 3 AM and change the focal length of a 24 inch Boller and Chivens?

---

Example of a similar instrument found on the internet: [Eastern Iowa Observatory offers a chance to see the stars and so much more](https://www.thegazette.com/life/eastern-iowa-observatory-offers-a-chance-to-see-the-stars-and-so-much-more/). The "mirror-swapping door" of which I speak is probably on the other side of the telescope.

[![24 inch Boller and Chivens telescope, from Eastern Iowa Observatory offers a chance to see the stars and so much more](https://i.sstatic.net/CURmq.jpg)](https://i.sstatic.net/CURmq.jpg)

[![24 inch Boller and Chivens telescope, from Eastern Iowa Observatory offers a chance to see the stars and so much more](https://i.sstatic.net/4ily2.jpg)](https://i.sstatic.net/4ily2.jpg)

**Tags:** observational-astronomy, telescope, optics, observatory, cassegrain-telescope


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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2021-04-11. Score: 2 | Accepted answer

What you did was to switch in a Coudé mirror, which sends the light down the equatorial mount as you described, to other instruments (besides the original focal point of the secondary mirror)
There are several designs to a Coudé path. The simplest uses a flat mirror and then places a second camera at the re-positioned focal plane, or re-images that focal plane using relay lenses.
[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/gKt9l.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/gKt9l.png)

Other designs can use a convex mirror as the first Coudé mirror to extend the focal length and send the light down into a "Coudé room" where other instruments are located.
[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/El7GS.gif)](https://i.sstatic.net/El7GS.gif)

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: Cool! All that remains is to dig up some old documentation on the Boller & Chivens 0.61 m telescope to see if the first Coude mirror was some off-axis convex mirror or how they got the focus all the way to the floor below. *Thanks!*  
> **username_2**: The pictured setup with a flat tertiary mirror is very often referred to as a [Nasmyth telescope](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasmyth_telescope), and is very common for large telescopes.  

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