<p>I would think that the same reason that a gas disk enhances the growth of planetesimals. Drag from the disk enforces circular, co-planar orbits, which in turn means that objects that get close to each other have small relative velocities.</p>
<p>Edit: So what is thought to be going on is a little bit more complex than the simple answer above. The density of massive objects embedded in the accretion disk can be enhanced at certain orbital radii. These &quot;migration traps&quot; (<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.00005" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Bellovary et al. 2016</a>) are caused by torques exerted on the orbiting objects (in this case black holes) caused by gas accretion. For certain disk conditions it is possible to find locations where at smaller radii the torque acts to increase the orbit radius, but at greater orbital radii the opposite is true. This would cause objects to accumulate in these migration traps, giving them more chance to interact as per my original answer.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-06-27T02:17:00.143Z
Thank you for the edit! I've just asked: [How does gas in accretion disks of supermassive black holes create orbital torques on smaller black holes within the disks causing them to migrate?](https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/36700/7982)
uhoh
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-06-26T06:12:10.210Z
2020-06-26T12:54:43.370Z
2020-06-26T12:54:43.370Z
ProfRob
<p>I just tried to read the new New York Times article <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/25/science/black-hole-collision-ligo.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Two Black Holes Colliding Not Enough? Make It Three</a> which links to the new 25-June-2020 Physical Review Letter Graham et al. <a href="https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.251102" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Candidate Electromagnetic Counterpart to the Binary Black Hole Merger Gravitational-Wave Event S190521g</a></p>
<p>The event described is the merger of two black holes that were embedded in the accretion disk of a supermassive black hole in the center of a galaxy; i.e. <em>in a quasar</em> (loosely speaking).</p>
<p>The NYTimes article describes the following and references a previous paper:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Bolstering that hypothesis was the fact that the flare did not become visible until 34 days after the gravitational waves were detected. It would take about that long for any light from a black hole collision to emerge from such a thick disk of gas, according to a model that Dr. Ford and Barry McKernan, her colleague at the American Museum of Natural History, described <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.03746.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">in a paper</a> last year.</p>
<p>Dr. Ford described the accretion disk as “ a swarm of stars and dead stars, including black holes,” in a Caltech news release.</p>
<p>She added, “These objects swarm like angry bees around the monstrous queen bee at the center. They can briefly find gravitational partners and pair up but usually lose their partners quickly to the mad dance. But in a supermassive black hole’s disk, the flowing gas converts the mosh pit of the swarm to a classical minuet, organizing the black holes so they can pair up.”</p>
</blockquote>
<p>That paper is B. McKernan et al 2019 <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.03746" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Ram-pressure stripping of a kicked Hill sphere: Prompt electromagnetic emission from the merger of stellar mass black holes in an AGN accretion disk</a></p>
<p><strong>Question:</strong> Is it possible to explain what it is about &quot;the flowing gas (which) converts the mosh pit of the swarm to a classical minuet, organizing the black holes so they can pair up&quot;? What is it about the accretion disk that enhances the capture and merge rates of pairs of small black holes orbiting within it?</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-06-25T22:38:48.190Z
companion question: [Why would the merger of spinning black holes within the accretion disk of a supermassive black hole cause them to “shoot straight up” out of the disk?](https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/36687/7982)
uhoh
<supermassive-black-hole><gravitational-waves><quasars><accretion-discs>
What enhances the capture and merge rates of pairs of small black holes orbiting around supermassive black holes?
uhoh
# What enhances the capture and merge rates of pairs of small black holes orbiting around supermassive black holes?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2020-06-25)

I just tried to read the new New York Times article [Two Black Holes Colliding Not Enough? Make It Three](https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/25/science/black-hole-collision-ligo.html) which links to the new 25-June-2020 Physical Review Letter Graham et al. [Candidate Electromagnetic Counterpart to the Binary Black Hole Merger Gravitational-Wave Event S190521g](https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.251102)

The event described is the merger of two black holes that were embedded in the accretion disk of a supermassive black hole in the center of a galaxy; i.e. *in a quasar* (loosely speaking).

The NYTimes article describes the following and references a previous paper:

> Bolstering that hypothesis was the fact that the flare did not become visible until 34 days after the gravitational waves were detected. It would take about that long for any light from a black hole collision to emerge from such a thick disk of gas, according to a model that Dr. Ford and Barry McKernan, her colleague at the American Museum of Natural History, described [in a paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.03746.pdf) last year.
>
> Dr. Ford described the accretion disk as “ a swarm of stars and dead stars, including black holes,” in a Caltech news release.
>
> She added, “These objects swarm like angry bees around the monstrous queen bee at the center. They can briefly find gravitational partners and pair up but usually lose their partners quickly to the mad dance. But in a supermassive black hole’s disk, the flowing gas converts the mosh pit of the swarm to a classical minuet, organizing the black holes so they can pair up.”

That paper is B. McKernan et al 2019 [Ram-pressure stripping of a kicked Hill sphere: Prompt electromagnetic emission from the merger of stellar mass black holes in an AGN accretion disk](https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.03746)

**Question:** Is it possible to explain what it is about "the flowing gas (which) converts the mosh pit of the swarm to a classical minuet, organizing the black holes so they can pair up"? What is it about the accretion disk that enhances the capture and merge rates of pairs of small black holes orbiting within it?

**Tags:** supermassive-black-hole, gravitational-waves, quasars, accretion-discs

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: companion question: [Why would the merger of spinning black holes within the accretion disk of a supermassive black hole cause them to “shoot straight up” out of the disk?](https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/36687/7982)  

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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2020-06-26. Score: 4 | Accepted answer

I would think that the same reason that a gas disk enhances the growth of planetesimals. Drag from the disk enforces circular, co-planar orbits, which in turn means that objects that get close to each other have small relative velocities.

Edit: So what is thought to be going on is a little bit more complex than the simple answer above. The density of massive objects embedded in the accretion disk can be enhanced at certain orbital radii. These "migration traps" ([Bellovary et al. 2016](https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.00005)) are caused by torques exerted on the orbiting objects (in this case black holes) caused by gas accretion. For certain disk conditions it is possible to find locations where at smaller radii the torque acts to increase the orbit radius, but at greater orbital radii the opposite is true. This would cause objects to accumulate in these migration traps, giving them more chance to interact as per my original answer.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: Thank you for the edit! I've just asked: [How does gas in accretion disks of supermassive black holes create orbital torques on smaller black holes within the disks causing them to migrate?](https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/q/36700/7982)  

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