<p><a href="http://galileo.rice.edu/" rel="nofollow">The Galileo project</a> has a pretty good and searchable account of his life. </p>

<p><a href="http://galileo.rice.edu/chron/galileo.html" rel="nofollow">Timeline</a>  (scroll down to June 1633)</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>With a formal threat of torture, Galileo is examined by the
  Inquisition. The next day he is sentenced to prison at the pleasure of
  the Inquisition and to religious penances. The sentence is signed by
  only seven of the ten cardinal-inquisitors.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>So, there were ten cardinals.   Pope Urban was not one of the ten, though he was the driving force behind the trial.    <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/horizon/sept98/galileo.htm" rel="nofollow">Source</a>.</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>Ten cardinals sat in judgment of Galileo. Pope Urban VIII was not
  present in person, but he was there in spirit, for his personal
  feelings of anger and frustration were the driving force behind the
  extraordinary proceedings</p>
</blockquote>

<p>I couldn't, however, find any record of who the ten cardinals were, or which seven signed and which three didn't.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-28T16:41:33.843Z
Kudos for answering the question.
Sir Cumference
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-28T16:43:55.987Z
Thanks for this. The pope's nephew [Francesco Barberini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Barberini_(1597%E2%80%931679)) is known to have voted against it. Other than that I don't have much information.
Mikhail Katz
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-28T16:40:07.763Z
2016-08-29T00:00:47.453Z
2016-08-29T00:00:47.453Z
userLTK
<p>The <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Z7xFT0aKT0YC&amp;pg=PA142&amp;lpg=PA142&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=1gJtQm9CpG&amp;sig=3JwYc95Dt3NNh1AA9qzO7vn9sQE&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwidn9SY6uTOAhWD7xQKHUp7C8UQ6AEILDAC#v=onepage&amp;f=false" rel="nofollow">seven who convicted</a> were 
Felice Centini, Desiderio Scaglia, Antonio Barberini, Berlinghiero Gessi, Fabrizio Verospi, Guido Bentivoglio and Marzio Ginetti. And as you note Francesco Barberini, Laudivio Zacchia and Gaspare Borgia did not. These three didn't vote to acquit, they were just absent from the signing of the condemnation - we don't know why</p>

<p>All information from <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Z7xFT0aKT0YC" rel="nofollow">The Galileo Case: Trial, Science, Truth</a> page 142
By Mario D'Addio. Gracewing Publishing, 2004 ISBN 9780852446652</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-29T08:20:41.103Z
The page you linked is behind a paywall or at any rate is not accessible from where I am. What is the page number in the book by D'Addio?
Mikhail Katz
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-29T08:26:44.123Z
142, (edited into the answer)
James K
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-29T09:43:12.413Z
According to wiki there were two Antonio Barberini's, one a nephew and the other a brother of Urban 8.  Both were apparently cardinals by the time of the trial. Which one was one of the ten judges?  Sorry I don't have access to D'Addio's book.  It is interesting, of course, to find disagreement among the Barberinis on this issue.
Mikhail Katz
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-29T18:58:14.390Z
Can't tell from the source that I have. I'd guess the nephew. Urban was one of the worst nepotists, and there were lots of Barberini's promoted to various positions in the vatican. As I indicated the failure to sign the condemnation is not necessarily evidence that they supported Galileo. They might simply have prefered to spend the morning doing something else.
James K
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-28T19:31:29.380Z
2016-08-29T08:26:09.580Z
2016-08-29T08:26:09.580Z
James K
<p>I saw several chronologies of the trial online but most of them only mention the name of Urban 8 as involved in the actual court proceedings. How many judges were involved and who were they exactly?</p>

<p>Note 1. Reading the small print at wiki I found the names of the three of the ten cardinals who did not vote to convict: Francesco Barberini, Laudivio Zacchia and Gaspare Borgia.  I still don't know the names of any cardinals that voted to convict.</p>

<p>Note 2. Material related to the trial can be found in "<a href="//hsm.stackexchange.com/q/5103">Hidden agenda of the Galileo trial?</a>" on the <em>History of Science and Mathematics</em> Stack Exchange site.</p>

<solar-system><history>
How many judges sat on Galileo's trial over heliocentrism and who were they exactly?
Mikhail Katz
# How many judges sat on Galileo's trial over heliocentrism and who were they exactly?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2016-08-28)

I saw several chronologies of the trial online but most of them only mention the name of Urban 8 as involved in the actual court proceedings. How many judges were involved and who were they exactly?

Note 1. Reading the small print at wiki I found the names of the three of the ten cardinals who did not vote to convict: Francesco Barberini, Laudivio Zacchia and Gaspare Borgia. I still don't know the names of any cardinals that voted to convict.

Note 2. Material related to the trial can be found in "[Hidden agenda of the Galileo trial?](//hsm.stackexchange.com/q/5103)" on the *History of Science and Mathematics* Stack Exchange site.

**Tags:** solar-system, history


---

## 2 answers

### Answer by username_3 on 2016-08-28. Score: 9 | Accepted answer

The [seven who convicted](https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Z7xFT0aKT0YC&pg=PA142&lpg=PA142&source=bl&ots=1gJtQm9CpG&sig=3JwYc95Dt3NNh1AA9qzO7vn9sQE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwidn9SY6uTOAhWD7xQKHUp7C8UQ6AEILDAC#v=onepage&f=false) were
Felice Centini, Desiderio Scaglia, Antonio Barberini, Berlinghiero Gessi, Fabrizio Verospi, Guido Bentivoglio and Marzio Ginetti. And as you note Francesco Barberini, Laudivio Zacchia and Gaspare Borgia did not. These three didn't vote to acquit, they were just absent from the signing of the condemnation - we don't know why

All information from [The Galileo Case: Trial, Science, Truth](https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Z7xFT0aKT0YC) page 142
By Mario D'Addio. Gracewing Publishing, 2004 ISBN 9780852446652

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: The page you linked is behind a paywall or at any rate is not accessible from where I am. What is the page number in the book by D'Addio?  
> **username_3**: 142, (edited into the answer)  
> **username_0**: According to wiki there were two Antonio Barberini's, one a nephew and the other a brother of Urban 8.  Both were apparently cardinals by the time of the trial. Which one was one of the ten judges?  Sorry I don't have access to D'Addio's book.  It is interesting, of course, to find disagreement among the Barberinis on this issue.  
> **username_3**: Can't tell from the source that I have. I'd guess the nephew. Urban was one of the worst nepotists, and there were lots of Barberini's promoted to various positions in the vatican. As I indicated the failure to sign the condemnation is not necessarily evidence that they supported Galileo. They might simply have prefered to spend the morning doing something else.  

---

### Answer by username_1 on 2016-08-28. Score: 6

[The Galileo project](http://galileo.rice.edu/) has a pretty good and searchable account of his life.

[Timeline](http://galileo.rice.edu/chron/galileo.html) (scroll down to June 1633)

> With a formal threat of torture, Galileo is examined by the
> Inquisition. The next day he is sentenced to prison at the pleasure of
> the Inquisition and to religious penances. The sentence is signed by
> only seven of the ten cardinal-inquisitors.

So, there were ten cardinals. Pope Urban was not one of the ten, though he was the driving force behind the trial. [Source](http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/horizon/sept98/galileo.htm).

> Ten cardinals sat in judgment of Galileo. Pope Urban VIII was not
> present in person, but he was there in spirit, for his personal
> feelings of anger and frustration were the driving force behind the
> extraordinary proceedings

I couldn't, however, find any record of who the ten cardinals were, or which seven signed and which three didn't.

> **Comments:**
> **username_2**: Kudos for answering the question.  
> **username_0**: Thanks for this. The pope's nephew [Francesco Barberini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Barberini_(1597%E2%80%931679)) is known to have voted against it. Other than that I don't have much information.  

---

