<p>Giovanni Sala was concerned by this same question, so he did a meta-analysis of 24 studies in "<a href="http://mindmodeling.org/cogsci2016/papers/0545/index.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Beyond the 64 Squares: Does Chess Instruction Enhance Children’s Academic and Cognitive Skills? A Meta-Analysis</a>" and found that there was still a lot of doubt in the results. Specifically, in all the papers, he never found the control group was reasonable. Of course children who played chess rather than doing nothing performed better at various tasks, as can be seen in "<a href="http://mindmodeling.org/cogsci2016/papers/0344/index.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Enhancing Creativity in Children by Imparting Chess Training</a>". But what about regular instruction or playing other games?</p>

<p>Consequently, he followed his meta-analysis up with a randomized plucebo controlled trial focused in mathematical cognitive skills in "<a href="http://mindmodeling.org/cogsci2016/papers/0344/index.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Does Chess Instruction Enhance Mathematical Ability in Children? A Three-Group Design to Control for Placebo Effects</a>" and found that the effect of chess, when compared to actual mathematics instruction (Control), was meaningless as shown in the tables below. However, it did surpass <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_(game)" rel="nofollow noreferrer">the game Go</a> in transfer learning outcomes.</p>

<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/8kpRL.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/8kpRL.png" alt="table 1 math skills"></a></p>

<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/avHQR.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/avHQR.png" alt="table 2 metacognitive skills"></a></p>

<p>As he concluded at his talk at the CogSci 2016 conference (where all the papers I cited come from) which I attended, far transfer-learning is really hard. To improve skills in certain domains, it is better to study that domain than to hope a marginally related activity will grant insight. To make studying that domain easier, new materials need to be developed rather than searching for new related activities.</p>

<p><strong>Note:</strong> This area is still under active research, as discussed in "<a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00238/full" rel="nofollow noreferrer">The Effects of Chess Instruction on Pupils' Cognitive and Academic Skills: State of the Art and Theoretical Challenges</a>"</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-26T11:36:47.830Z
I see [your answer](http://cogsci.stackexchange.com/a/15773/13511) to `what about regular instruction or playing other games?`. But your statement `it was meaningless but did surpass the Go in learning outcomes` is a bit fuzzy. Did you mean surpassing in meaninglessness or what?
Little Alien
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-26T14:27:07.363Z
@LittleAlien I've added some tables from the paper as evidence for "meaninglessness"
Seanny123
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-26T14:31:37.163Z
Seanny, I believe that meaninglessness has a strong evidence. I ask what does it mean? How it is possible that thing is meaningless but Go is more so?
Little Alien
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-27T20:14:46.967Z
@LittleAlien I'm still have a hard time understanding your follow-up question. Would you mind rephrasing it?
Seanny123
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-27T20:24:31.620Z
I do not understand what it means that chess are meaningless in the context of Go being less useful. If thing is meaningless it means that it is useless. If something has 0 utility, what is the point of saying that something else has even less utility?
Little Alien
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-25T22:46:18.983Z
2017-03-12T13:12:30.417Z
2017-03-12T13:12:30.417Z
Seanny123
<p>I think learning to play chess will have no effect on your ability to understand technical texts. Your time would be better invested in reading the technical texts with accompanying explanatory material.
This study by Sala, Gorini and Pravettoni (2015) shows that learning to play chess can improve mathematical problem-solving abilities in young pupils. They go into detail into how and why they think that is, as well as a comprehensive review of other studies that have been made.
Many studies have found that chess players are intelligent - but the causality is seldom clear. Chess might simply attract intelligent people.</p>
<p>Reference: <a href="http://sgo.sagepub.com/content/5/3/2158244015596050.full" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Mathematical Problem-Solving Abilities and Chess: An Experimental Study on Young Pupils</a> by Giovanni Sala et al (2015, CC-BY licence).</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2016-08-25T22:34:38.050Z
2020-12-31T06:21:15.137Z
2020-12-31T06:21:15.137Z
Charlotte SL
<p>No. In general, transfer between skills is minimal whether they be cognitive or motor. Thus, studying and practicing chess will make you better at chess.</p>

<p>Studying a technical field that you are trying to master will make you understand that technical field better.</p>

<p>In general, intelligence is correlated with  interest and aptitude in intellectual activities. Thus, if anything, the causal relationship is that intelligence causes interest and aptitude in chess.</p>

<p>Furthermore, life involves opportunity costs. Thus, time spent playing chess, is time not spent studying your technical field. </p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-24T09:03:20.187Z
I do not have the references to back my statements up, but I believe there are context independent skills that can be learned from games such as chess, or any task for that matter. These context independent skills may help you learn other skills more easily. Obviously there must be some general overlap between those skills; You won't be a top-notch goal keeper by learning chess.
Robin Kramer-ten Have
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-24T15:18:55.203Z
Wait, why motor skills? I asked about reading technical texts.
Little Alien
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-25T00:30:11.780Z
@LittleAlien sorry. My phrasing was ambigious. I've edited to make it clearer that I'm not talking about transfer between cognitive and motor skills. Rather I'm talking about transfer between two skills whether they be cognitive and motor.
Jeromy Anglim
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-25T22:36:53.613Z
You can find quite a few studies mentioned in the article I linked to in my answer. You can pick some that support your hypothesis, but I'd say it isn't conclusive.
Charlotte SL
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-08-24T07:24:47.513Z
2016-08-25T00:28:56.537Z
2016-08-25T00:28:56.537Z
Jeromy Anglim
<p>Some texts advise playing chess with children and mature people. Should I take them seriously, and why should chess boost intellect?</p>
<p>For instance, I would like to be able to read and understand technical texts quickly. Should I learn playing chess for this? In <a href="http://examinedexistence.com/does-playing-chess-make-you-smarter/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this text</a>, for instance, they hype all kinds of advantages gained from chess, but they raise the meaningful questions at the end:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>• Is there anything else besides playing chess that these GMs can be experts at?<br>
• Granting these GMs were already genius by birth, is it safe to infer that playing chess has enhanced their overall intellect?</p>
</blockquote>
<p>In the course of trolling, they conclude, &quot;Go ahead and grab a chess board.&quot; This leaves me pondering if the effect they hyped indeed exists.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-11-25T00:07:46.260Z
There must be some spilover effects, I trained to become better at blitz chess, and simultaneouly got better at table tennis ...
kjetil b halvorsen
<cognitive-psychology><learning><transfer>
Does chess enhance cognitive abilities?
Little Alien
# Does chess enhance cognitive abilities?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2016-08-23)

Some texts advise playing chess with children and mature people. Should I take them seriously, and why should chess boost intellect?

For instance, I would like to be able to read and understand technical texts quickly. Should I learn playing chess for this? In [this text](http://examinedexistence.com/does-playing-chess-make-you-smarter/), for instance, they hype all kinds of advantages gained from chess, but they raise the meaningful questions at the end:

> • Is there anything else besides playing chess that these GMs can be experts at?  
> • Granting these GMs were already genius by birth, is it safe to infer that playing chess has enhanced their overall intellect?

In the course of trolling, they conclude, "Go ahead and grab a chess board." This leaves me pondering if the effect they hyped indeed exists.

**Tags:** cognitive-psychology, learning, transfer

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: There must be some spilover effects, I trained to become better at blitz chess, and simultaneouly got better at table tennis ...  

---

## 3 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2016-08-25. Score: 10

Giovanni Sala was concerned by this same question, so he did a meta-analysis of 24 studies in "[Beyond the 64 Squares: Does Chess Instruction Enhance Children’s Academic and Cognitive Skills? A Meta-Analysis](http://mindmodeling.org/cogsci2016/papers/0545/index.html)" and found that there was still a lot of doubt in the results. Specifically, in all the papers, he never found the control group was reasonable. Of course children who played chess rather than doing nothing performed better at various tasks, as can be seen in "[Enhancing Creativity in Children by Imparting Chess Training](http://mindmodeling.org/cogsci2016/papers/0344/index.html)". But what about regular instruction or playing other games?

Consequently, he followed his meta-analysis up with a randomized plucebo controlled trial focused in mathematical cognitive skills in "[Does Chess Instruction Enhance Mathematical Ability in Children? A Three-Group Design to Control for Placebo Effects](http://mindmodeling.org/cogsci2016/papers/0344/index.html)" and found that the effect of chess, when compared to actual mathematics instruction (Control), was meaningless as shown in the tables below. However, it did surpass [the game Go](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_(game)) in transfer learning outcomes.

[![table 1 math skills](https://i.sstatic.net/8kpRL.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/8kpRL.png)

[![table 2 metacognitive skills](https://i.sstatic.net/avHQR.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/avHQR.png)

As he concluded at his talk at the CogSci 2016 conference (where all the papers I cited come from) which I attended, far transfer-learning is really hard. To improve skills in certain domains, it is better to study that domain than to hope a marginally related activity will grant insight. To make studying that domain easier, new materials need to be developed rather than searching for new related activities.

**Note:** This area is still under active research, as discussed in "[The Effects of Chess Instruction on Pupils' Cognitive and Academic Skills: State of the Art and Theoretical Challenges](http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00238/full)"

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: I see [your answer](http://cogsci.stackexchange.com/a/15773/13511) to `what about regular instruction or playing other games?`. But your statement `it was meaningless but did surpass the Go in learning outcomes` is a bit fuzzy. Did you mean surpassing in meaninglessness or what?  
> **username_2**: @LittleAlien I've added some tables from the paper as evidence for "meaninglessness"  
> **username_0**: Seanny, I believe that meaninglessness has a strong evidence. I ask what does it mean? How it is possible that thing is meaningless but Go is more so?  
> **username_2**: @LittleAlien I'm still have a hard time understanding your follow-up question. Would you mind rephrasing it?  
> **username_0**: I do not understand what it means that chess are meaningless in the context of Go being less useful. If thing is meaningless it means that it is useless. If something has 0 utility, what is the point of saying that something else has even less utility?  

---

### Answer by username_3 on 2016-08-25. Score: 3

I think learning to play chess will have no effect on your ability to understand technical texts. Your time would be better invested in reading the technical texts with accompanying explanatory material.
This study by Sala, Gorini and Pravettoni (2015) shows that learning to play chess can improve mathematical problem-solving abilities in young pupils. They go into detail into how and why they think that is, as well as a comprehensive review of other studies that have been made.
Many studies have found that chess players are intelligent - but the causality is seldom clear. Chess might simply attract intelligent people.

Reference: [Mathematical Problem-Solving Abilities and Chess: An Experimental Study on Young Pupils](http://sgo.sagepub.com/content/5/3/2158244015596050.full) by Giovanni Sala et al (2015, CC-BY licence).


---

### Answer by username_4 on 2016-08-24. Score: 0

No. In general, transfer between skills is minimal whether they be cognitive or motor. Thus, studying and practicing chess will make you better at chess.

Studying a technical field that you are trying to master will make you understand that technical field better.

In general, intelligence is correlated with interest and aptitude in intellectual activities. Thus, if anything, the causal relationship is that intelligence causes interest and aptitude in chess.

Furthermore, life involves opportunity costs. Thus, time spent playing chess, is time not spent studying your technical field.

> **Comments:**
> **username_5**: I do not have the references to back my statements up, but I believe there are context independent skills that can be learned from games such as chess, or any task for that matter. These context independent skills may help you learn other skills more easily. Obviously there must be some general overlap between those skills; You won't be a top-notch goal keeper by learning chess.  
> **username_0**: Wait, why motor skills? I asked about reading technical texts.  
> **username_4**: @LittleAlien sorry. My phrasing was ambigious. I've edited to make it clearer that I'm not talking about transfer between cognitive and motor skills. Rather I'm talking about transfer between two skills whether they be cognitive and motor.  
> **username_3**: You can find quite a few studies mentioned in the article I linked to in my answer. You can pick some that support your hypothesis, but I'd say it isn't conclusive.  

---

