<p>The 'ion concentration in the brain' is a really general concept. A biochemist (I did Biochemistry in a, seemingly, previous lifetime) might approach this question by taking a brain, freeze drying it, then homogenize it and determine ion concentrations.</p>

<p>However, the effect of ion concentrations in the brain plays out its role in a much more confined space, namely across the cell's membranes. The <em>differences in <strong><a href="https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/human-biology/neuron-nervous-system/a/the-membrane-potential" rel="nofollow noreferrer">ion gradients</a></em></strong> across the neuron's membrane is what determines its responses. Further, different <em><a href="https://mayfieldclinic.com/pe-anatbrain.htm" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><strong>brain areas</strong></a></em> govern different responses. Gross changes in ion concentrations in the prefrontal cortex for instance will exert wildly different effects than the same procedure in the brain stem.</p>

<p>If you want to go this way, you should perhaps confine yourself to a specific area of the brain, and to a specific way of disregulating <strong><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/Homeostasis" rel="nofollow noreferrer">ion homeostasis</a></strong>. Or veer away from the idea entirely.</p>

<p>What you'd rather could use as a source of inspiration are <strong><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophiocordyceps_unilateralis" rel="nofollow noreferrer">zombie ants</a></em></strong>. These ants are 'zombified' by the fungus <em>Ophiocordyceps unilateralis</em>, which infects <em>Camponotus leonardi</em> ants that live in tropical rainforest trees. Once infected, the spore-possessed ant will climb down from its normal habitat and bite down on a leaf and then die.    </p>

<p>The fungus can only flourish at a certain temperature, humidity, location and distance from the ground. By hijacking ants they re-locate themselves to ideal spots. in fact, 95% of the ants found their way to the north side of a plant, about 25 centimeters above the ground, in an environment with 94 to 95 percent humidity and with temperatures between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/fungus-makes-zombie-ants/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">(Harmon, 2009)</a>.</p>

<p>Note, however, that the underlying pathophysiological underpinnings are entirely different from your original ion homeostasis idea.</p>

<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/4dJ78.jpg" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/4dJ78.jpg" alt="zombie_ant"></a>
<sup>Zombie ant. source: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophiocordyceps_unilateralis" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Wikipedia</a></sup></p>

<p><sub><strong>Source</strong><br>
<strong>-</strong> <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/fungus-makes-zombie-ants/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Harmon, <em>Sci Am,</em> Fungus Makes Zombie Ants Do All the Work, July 2009</a></sub> </p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-03-27T09:46:04.790Z
2020-03-28T11:03:41.717Z
2020-03-28T11:03:41.717Z
AliceD
<p>Hopefully this is the right area. but for some background, for a school project I'm currently trying to design a medically accurate zombie. I have half a semesters knowledge of basic physiology, and part of the class is that I do more research into areas that are relevant to my project, and I'm wondering where I can find any info, or if you have any insight.</p>

<p>You see, we're in groups, and so far we've designed it so that the infection is spread by fungi, other members of the group are working on how it crosses the blood brain barrier, how it spreads, etc. I'm looking at behaviour.</p>

<p>One thing we've considered is that the fungi destroys parts of the brain like the frontal cortex, so the victim loses their personality, and some similar ways that it makes the victim more zombie-like. One idea I've been trying to work with is that the fungi alters the concentration of ions in the brain. The problem is, I can't find much research that is accessible to someone with my knowledge. I've found some articles like this one: <a href="https://europepmc.org/article/pmc/pmc3628083?client=bot#free-full-text" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://europepmc.org/article/pmc/pmc3628083?client=bot#free-full-text</a> , that describe the effect of one ion concentration on one aspect of neuronal behaviour.</p>

<p>I guess what I'm really asking is whether there is one source that puts a lot of these facts together so someone without a medical degree could understand it, possibly with some additional research? I just want to know a list of ions in the brain that can modify neuronal behaviour, what that would look like, and how that works.</p>

<p>Is there a source like this that exists? Am I able to access it? Do I have any misconceptions about this subject?</p>

<p>Please let me know, any help or input is greatly appreciated.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-03-26T22:45:47.047Z
Although people refer to the "electrical" activity of the brain, it's important to recognize that most of that electrical activity is governed by movement of ions. So the effect of ion concentration is: **everything**.
Bryan Krause
<neuroscience><neurophysiology>
Where to find information regarding the effect of ion concentration in the brain on behaviour?
Nicky
# Where to find information regarding the effect of ion concentration in the brain on behaviour?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2020-03-26)

Hopefully this is the right area. but for some background, for a school project I'm currently trying to design a medically accurate zombie. I have half a semesters knowledge of basic physiology, and part of the class is that I do more research into areas that are relevant to my project, and I'm wondering where I can find any info, or if you have any insight.

You see, we're in groups, and so far we've designed it so that the infection is spread by fungi, other members of the group are working on how it crosses the blood brain barrier, how it spreads, etc. I'm looking at behaviour.

One thing we've considered is that the fungi destroys parts of the brain like the frontal cortex, so the victim loses their personality, and some similar ways that it makes the victim more zombie-like. One idea I've been trying to work with is that the fungi alters the concentration of ions in the brain. The problem is, I can't find much research that is accessible to someone with my knowledge. I've found some articles like this one: <https://europepmc.org/article/pmc/pmc3628083?client=bot#free-full-text> , that describe the effect of one ion concentration on one aspect of neuronal behaviour.

I guess what I'm really asking is whether there is one source that puts a lot of these facts together so someone without a medical degree could understand it, possibly with some additional research? I just want to know a list of ions in the brain that can modify neuronal behaviour, what that would look like, and how that works.

Is there a source like this that exists? Am I able to access it? Do I have any misconceptions about this subject?

Please let me know, any help or input is greatly appreciated.

**Tags:** neuroscience, neurophysiology

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: Although people refer to the "electrical" activity of the brain, it's important to recognize that most of that electrical activity is governed by movement of ions. So the effect of ion concentration is: **everything**.  

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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2020-03-27. Score: 1 | Accepted answer

The 'ion concentration in the brain' is a really general concept. A biochemist (I did Biochemistry in a, seemingly, previous lifetime) might approach this question by taking a brain, freeze drying it, then homogenize it and determine ion concentrations.

However, the effect of ion concentrations in the brain plays out its role in a much more confined space, namely across the cell's membranes. The *differences in **[ion gradients](https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/human-biology/neuron-nervous-system/a/the-membrane-potential)*** across the neuron's membrane is what determines its responses. Further, different *[**brain areas**](https://mayfieldclinic.com/pe-anatbrain.htm)* govern different responses. Gross changes in ion concentrations in the prefrontal cortex for instance will exert wildly different effects than the same procedure in the brain stem.

If you want to go this way, you should perhaps confine yourself to a specific area of the brain, and to a specific way of disregulating **[ion homeostasis](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/Homeostasis)**. Or veer away from the idea entirely.

What you'd rather could use as a source of inspiration are ***[zombie ants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophiocordyceps_unilateralis)***. These ants are 'zombified' by the fungus *Ophiocordyceps unilateralis*, which infects *Camponotus leonardi* ants that live in tropical rainforest trees. Once infected, the spore-possessed ant will climb down from its normal habitat and bite down on a leaf and then die.

The fungus can only flourish at a certain temperature, humidity, location and distance from the ground. By hijacking ants they re-locate themselves to ideal spots. in fact, 95% of the ants found their way to the north side of a plant, about 25 centimeters above the ground, in an environment with 94 to 95 percent humidity and with temperatures between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius [(Harmon, 2009)](https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/fungus-makes-zombie-ants/).

Note, however, that the underlying pathophysiological underpinnings are entirely different from your original ion homeostasis idea.

[![zombie_ant](https://i.sstatic.net/4dJ78.jpg)](https://i.sstatic.net/4dJ78.jpg)
Zombie ant. source: [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophiocordyceps_unilateralis)

**Source**  
**-** [Harmon, *Sci Am,* Fungus Makes Zombie Ants Do All the Work, July 2009](https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/fungus-makes-zombie-ants/)


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