<p>I'm not active on this board, so please forgive me if my answer is not up to community standards.</p>

<p>I am not a psychologist, but I have some experience with mental illness (maybe too much.)</p>

<p>True <a href="https://www.theravive.com/therapedia/paranoid-personality-disorder-dsm--5-301.0-(f60.0)" rel="nofollow noreferrer">paranoia</a> (or Paranoid Personality Disorder/PPD) is much more pronounced than thinking that people can spy on you through your mobile. Whether it's true or not isn't relevant, really. In this case, there is a kernel of truth to their fears, which becomes exacerbated.*</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>According to the DSM-5, persons with Paranoid Personality Disorder will have trouble operating with others in the workplace, educational or social settings (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). It is noted that people with PPD are more frequently unemployed or working more menial jobs than the general population (Mueser, Mischel, Adams, Harvey, McClure, Look, Leung, &amp; Siever, 2013).They tend to be solitary, self sufficient, and secretive, and will have difficulty making or maintaining intimate relationships or close friendships. (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Persons with PPD may experience a conflict, in that they want intimate relationships and friendships, but do not have a level of trust which is an essential element of such relationships. </p>
</blockquote>

<p>If many of the other criteria aren't met, it's probably not paranoia. On the other hand, if your interactions are limited, you may not know about other criteria, so this might be paranoia.</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>How to help people who may suffer from Paranoia?</p>
</blockquote>

<p>It's very difficult, even for therapists, because challenging their belief systems makes the person very defensive. They do not tend to have much self insight, which makes therapy challenging. Clearly you are not in a therapeutic relationship with the user; I would try to steer them in the right direction security-wise, and then (gently and respectfully) disengage.</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>So far, I have tried to tell those looking for help with their supposed hacker problems that they are likely not being attacked, and that it seems to me that they may be affected by paranoia. </p>
</blockquote>

<p>I would definitely avoid this, as this is giving a diagnosis, which you should not do (I believe it's unethical) over a brief interaction on the internet. I'm not surprised they counter by claiming that they are not paranoid and that their problems are real. To someone who's paranoid, their problems <em>are</em> real.</p>

<p>In case my answer isn't well explained,</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>I'm not sure if bluntly saying "I think you may have a mental health problem" is beneficial though, and if it may do more harm than good. For this reason, I am asking this question, how exactly I should act and how to best help people.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>Unless you are in a close personal relationship with someone, I think it's not in their best interests to tell them they may suffer from a mental illness, whether they do or not. First, you do not know. Second, they will most likely be defensive if not offended as well.</p>

<p>My reaction would be to be kind and gentle with the person, avoid overt confrontation ("That's not possible...") and let people close to them tell them they need professional help.</p>

<p>*<sub>Laptop cameras have been hacked, and worse.</sub>  </p>

<p>**<sub>I know people who believe Pizzagate was real. Te truth doesn't matter if you like conspiracy theories.</sub></p>

<h2>References</h2>

<p>American Psychiatric Association. (2013). <em>Diagnostics and Statistics Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)</em> Washington. DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-02-26T10:12:50.553Z
Thank you very much for your answer. In the future, I'll just stick to the facts security-wise and otherwise disengage. As for the "kernel of truth" - yes, there have been such cases, but there have also been cases of people winning the lottery, yet if someone showed me an arbitrary lottery ticket and asked me if it'd win the Jackpot, I'd say "Most likely not".
MechMK1
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-02-26T13:29:16.233Z
I'm also active on the security site, and am following up with a random and unanswerable question.  I remember one such person who seemed to have more than just paranoia going on.  He wanted to determine for sure if his phone was hacked so he typed gibberish into his offline note app.  Later that day he was walking down the street and someone who passed him said his exact gibberish as they walked by.  At that point in time it sounds like we've shot past paranoia and into - I don't know - schizophrenia?  What would that be?  Taking them at their word, they seem to be hallucinating as well.
Conor Mancone
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-02-26T16:17:20.047Z
@ChrisRogers - I removed your link because the neither the DSM 5 nor the IDC-10 place Paranoia on a schizoprenia spectrum, which the paper implies. There is paranoid schizoprenia, which is treatable with drugs, and there is PPD, which does not respond to drugs. There is no psychosis in PPD. Irrationality, suspicion, etc., yes. Psychosis, no.
anongoodnurse
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-02-26T16:30:25.767Z
@ConorMancone - There are definitely mentally ill people posting stuff on the internet, just as there are mentally ill people you meet in real life. One of the nicest patients I remember was a man who thought he was the prophet Elijah. One of the meanest was, ironically, someone who believed he was Jesus Christ (he took a swing at me because he thought I was lying about my name.) I slipped Elijah a $20 and discharged him with the appropriate recommendations for follow-up, as he was homeless and not a treat to himself or others. "Jesus" got committed.
anongoodnurse
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-02-26T17:49:34.903Z
@anongoodnurse - That is interesting as removing the citations I added may mean the whole of the first quote is questionable as the citations I added were references for the inline citations in that quote.
Chris Rogers
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-02-26T18:32:25.530Z
@ChrisRogers - Hmm, that was not my source... Oh, duh, I understand now; you went to the original paper cited in the quote.. I read the original DSM-V criteria, where they do discuss the difference between paranoia and schizophrenic-based paranoia. Didn't read the source cited until I clicked on your link. Sorry.
anongoodnurse
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-02-26T07:48:48.847Z
2020-02-26T16:11:02.433Z
2020-02-26T16:11:02.433Z
anongoodnurse
<p>I am a very active member of the <a href="https://security.stackexchange.com/">Information Security</a> Stack Exchange site. Every now and then, I come across people who I believe may suffer from paranoia. They believe that &quot;someone&quot; is out to get them, and use techno-babble to make themselves sound legitimate. Here is an example post:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>How to prevent attacker from viewing what's on my Android phone screen? Can someone give me advice or suggest apps to prevent this?</p>
<p>For example, if I write in notepad, and it's offline, they can read it. They know the time of my alarm. if I just set new random one they know. If I play some music, they know.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Another post by the same user:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>they can read my screen, listen to my mic and even control my notification. both my rooted and unrooted phone. This happens when i just moved to new place im renting, it was bad neighborhood.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>I'm not a psychiatrist, but I am very well-versed in security and I am 99.999999% certain that the things this person described are not real. I asked that person a few times who &quot;they&quot; were, and how he could know that someone was reading his messages. He claimed he didn't know who &quot;they&quot; were, but he was certain someone was watching him. As an example for &quot;proof&quot; he claimed that someone in his neighborhood was listening to the same song he was listening to a while ago.</p>
<p>The sad thing is, such users come to our site regularly and I am unsure how to best help them. What should I do when I come across a person who I suspect may suffer from paranoia?</p>
<h3>What I've tried so far</h3>
<p>So far, I have tried to tell those looking for help with their supposed hacker problems that they are likely not being attacked, and that it seems to me that they may be affected by paranoia. I tried to help them by adding links to credible organizations (like the Australian <a href="https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/paranoia" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Better Health Channel</a>), which was always countered by them claiming that they are not paranoid and that their problems are real.</p>
<p>I'm not sure if bluntly saying &quot;I think you may have a mental health problem&quot; is beneficial though, and if it may do more harm than good. For this reason, I am asking this question, how exactly I should act and how to best help people.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-02-24T13:36:20.357Z
I'm voting to close this question as off-topic because medical means 'relating to the science or practice of medicine', which this question is bereft of.
JMP
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-02-24T14:32:53.777Z
If you can provide some information on any prior research you may have conducted online, this could be migrated to Psychology.SE where this would definitely fit. Prior research helps to frame an answer which will be more helpful. Another word of warning is that anything referring to any individual will result in a question closure in Psychology.SE. If you can make it general then that's fine
Chris Rogers
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-02-24T15:05:15.013Z
@ChrisRogers Would they close it due to the quotes he provided?
Carey Gregory
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-02-24T15:11:25.887Z
I don't think so @CareyGregory as they are providing examples as a background to the kind of paranoia being dealt with. There is the fine line just as there is here.
Chris Rogers
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-02-24T15:28:30.940Z
This is a fluff piece but it's a starting point on adding some prior research. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-creativity-cure/201601/7-tips-coping-paranoid-partner
Carey Gregory
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-02-24T15:38:12.680Z
This question asks for a personal advice about how to deal with a person who is scared of something. So, it's personal on two levels. I believe that someone on Psychology could provide some general reasoning about such feelings, because it's not possible to say: "Do this or that."
Jan
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-02-24T15:45:53.850Z
Saying to someone he might have a mental illness is like saying a "fool" to someone or deeply insult him. That's the last thing you want to do. Honestly, the question as it is now is just OK.
Jan
<abnormal-psychology>
How to help people who may suffer from Paranoia?
MechMK1
# How to help people who may suffer from Paranoia?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2020-02-24)

I am a very active member of the [Information Security](https://security.stackexchange.com/) Stack Exchange site. Every now and then, I come across people who I believe may suffer from paranoia. They believe that "someone" is out to get them, and use techno-babble to make themselves sound legitimate. Here is an example post:

> How to prevent attacker from viewing what's on my Android phone screen? Can someone give me advice or suggest apps to prevent this?
>
> For example, if I write in notepad, and it's offline, they can read it. They know the time of my alarm. if I just set new random one they know. If I play some music, they know.

Another post by the same user:

> they can read my screen, listen to my mic and even control my notification. both my rooted and unrooted phone. This happens when i just moved to new place im renting, it was bad neighborhood.

I'm not a psychiatrist, but I am very well-versed in security and I am 99.999999% certain that the things this person described are not real. I asked that person a few times who "they" were, and how he could know that someone was reading his messages. He claimed he didn't know who "they" were, but he was certain someone was watching him. As an example for "proof" he claimed that someone in his neighborhood was listening to the same song he was listening to a while ago.

The sad thing is, such users come to our site regularly and I am unsure how to best help them. What should I do when I come across a person who I suspect may suffer from paranoia?

### What I've tried so far

So far, I have tried to tell those looking for help with their supposed hacker problems that they are likely not being attacked, and that it seems to me that they may be affected by paranoia. I tried to help them by adding links to credible organizations (like the Australian [Better Health Channel](https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/paranoia)), which was always countered by them claiming that they are not paranoid and that their problems are real.

I'm not sure if bluntly saying "I think you may have a mental health problem" is beneficial though, and if it may do more harm than good. For this reason, I am asking this question, how exactly I should act and how to best help people.

**Tags:** abnormal-psychology

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: I'm voting to close this question as off-topic because medical means 'relating to the science or practice of medicine', which this question is bereft of.  
> **username_2**: If you can provide some information on any prior research you may have conducted online, this could be migrated to Psychology.SE where this would definitely fit. Prior research helps to frame an answer which will be more helpful. Another word of warning is that anything referring to any individual will result in a question closure in Psychology.SE. If you can make it general then that's fine  
> **username_3**: @ChrisRogers Would they close it due to the quotes he provided?  
> **username_2**: I don't think so @CareyGregory as they are providing examples as a background to the kind of paranoia being dealt with. There is the fine line just as there is here.  
> **username_3**: This is a fluff piece but it's a starting point on adding some prior research. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-creativity-cure/201601/7-tips-coping-paranoid-partner  
> **username_4**: This question asks for a personal advice about how to deal with a person who is scared of something. So, it's personal on two levels. I believe that someone on Psychology could provide some general reasoning about such feelings, because it's not possible to say: "Do this or that."  
> **username_4**: Saying to someone he might have a mental illness is like saying a "fool" to someone or deeply insult him. That's the last thing you want to do. Honestly, the question as it is now is just OK.  

---

## 1 answers

### Answer by username_5 on 2020-02-26. Score: 5 | Accepted answer

I'm not active on this board, so please forgive me if my answer is not up to community standards.

I am not a psychologist, but I have some experience with mental illness (maybe too much.)

True [paranoia](https://www.theravive.com/therapedia/paranoid-personality-disorder-dsm--5-301.0-(f60.0)) (or Paranoid Personality Disorder/PPD) is much more pronounced than thinking that people can spy on you through your mobile. Whether it's true or not isn't relevant, really. In this case, there is a kernel of truth to their fears, which becomes exacerbated.\*

> According to the DSM-5, persons with Paranoid Personality Disorder will have trouble operating with others in the workplace, educational or social settings (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). It is noted that people with PPD are more frequently unemployed or working more menial jobs than the general population (Mueser, Mischel, Adams, Harvey, McClure, Look, Leung, & Siever, 2013).They tend to be solitary, self sufficient, and secretive, and will have difficulty making or maintaining intimate relationships or close friendships. (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Persons with PPD may experience a conflict, in that they want intimate relationships and friendships, but do not have a level of trust which is an essential element of such relationships.

If many of the other criteria aren't met, it's probably not paranoia. On the other hand, if your interactions are limited, you may not know about other criteria, so this might be paranoia.

> How to help people who may suffer from Paranoia?

It's very difficult, even for therapists, because challenging their belief systems makes the person very defensive. They do not tend to have much self insight, which makes therapy challenging. Clearly you are not in a therapeutic relationship with the user; I would try to steer them in the right direction security-wise, and then (gently and respectfully) disengage.

> So far, I have tried to tell those looking for help with their supposed hacker problems that they are likely not being attacked, and that it seems to me that they may be affected by paranoia.

I would definitely avoid this, as this is giving a diagnosis, which you should not do (I believe it's unethical) over a brief interaction on the internet. I'm not surprised they counter by claiming that they are not paranoid and that their problems are real. To someone who's paranoid, their problems *are* real.

In case my answer isn't well explained,

> I'm not sure if bluntly saying "I think you may have a mental health problem" is beneficial though, and if it may do more harm than good. For this reason, I am asking this question, how exactly I should act and how to best help people.

Unless you are in a close personal relationship with someone, I think it's not in their best interests to tell them they may suffer from a mental illness, whether they do or not. First, you do not know. Second, they will most likely be defensive if not offended as well.

My reaction would be to be kind and gentle with the person, avoid overt confrontation ("That's not possible...") and let people close to them tell them they need professional help.

\*Laptop cameras have been hacked, and worse.

\*\*I know people who believe Pizzagate was real. Te truth doesn't matter if you like conspiracy theories.

## References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). *Diagnostics and Statistics Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)* Washington. DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: Thank you very much for your answer. In the future, I'll just stick to the facts security-wise and otherwise disengage. As for the "kernel of truth" - yes, there have been such cases, but there have also been cases of people winning the lottery, yet if someone showed me an arbitrary lottery ticket and asked me if it'd win the Jackpot, I'd say "Most likely not".  
> **username_6**: I'm also active on the security site, and am following up with a random and unanswerable question.  I remember one such person who seemed to have more than just paranoia going on.  He wanted to determine for sure if his phone was hacked so he typed gibberish into his offline note app.  Later that day he was walking down the street and someone who passed him said his exact gibberish as they walked by.  At that point in time it sounds like we've shot past paranoia and into - I don't know - schizophrenia?  What would that be?  Taking them at their word, they seem to be hallucinating as well.  
> **username_5**: @ChrisRogers - I removed your link because the neither the DSM 5 nor the IDC-10 place Paranoia on a schizoprenia spectrum, which the paper implies. There is paranoid schizoprenia, which is treatable with drugs, and there is PPD, which does not respond to drugs. There is no psychosis in PPD. Irrationality, suspicion, etc., yes. Psychosis, no.  
> **username_5**: @ConorMancone - There are definitely mentally ill people posting stuff on the internet, just as there are mentally ill people you meet in real life. One of the nicest patients I remember was a man who thought he was the prophet Elijah. One of the meanest was, ironically, someone who believed he was Jesus Christ (he took a swing at me because he thought I was lying about my name.) I slipped Elijah a $20 and discharged him with the appropriate recommendations for follow-up, as he was homeless and not a treat to himself or others. "Jesus" got committed.  
> **username_2**: @username_5 - That is interesting as removing the citations I added may mean the whole of the first quote is questionable as the citations I added were references for the inline citations in that quote.  
> **username_5**: @ChrisRogers - Hmm, that was not my source... Oh, duh, I understand now; you went to the original paper cited in the quote.. I read the original DSM-V criteria, where they do discuss the difference between paranoia and schizophrenic-based paranoia. Didn't read the source cited until I clicked on your link. Sorry.  

---

