<p>The research done by Dardio Nardi (the researcher you're referring to) clearly shows that something is there. Although, he would have no way of knowing as to whether his samples were of the particular type, or if what's being demonstrated really demonstrates use of that particular cognitive function. E.g doing something logical doesn't necessarily mean you're 'using' Ti.</p>

<p>I do believe we have innate, instinctive preferences and can classify them into types as such, but I truly doubt that Jung's work would be 100% accurate. Even Jung was hesitant to be exacting in his understanding of the psyche - which lead him to leave a lot of holes in his model.</p>

<p>Myers and Briggs filled those holes with many assumptions - which is why the functions are a far better application to finding somebody's 'type'.</p>

<p>So yes, I would say that they do exist. But probably not exactly in the way they were described by Jung. Hopefully people begin to think critically about this, then maybe we can actually see some results. </p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2012-09-03T22:01:23.623Z
Firstly, sorry for my late reply and I appreciate the answer. But, I have made some changes to the question (clearly explained what changes in edit section) - and it will be nice if you can take a look at the new question and update your answer if possible.

The question (edited one?) is lot more oriented towards neocortex regions and the truth about what he says about those regions (used for some activity etc.). After confirming that, next would be the question about patterns and then would be the question about their link with Jung's cognitive functions.
Bharadwaj Srigiriraju
CC BY-SA 3.0
2012-08-23T16:29:00.223Z
2012-08-24T09:55:13.560Z
2012-08-24T09:55:13.560Z
Ben
<p><strong>Background</strong></p>
<p>Many of us must have come across personality theories like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myers-Briggs_Type_Indicator" rel="noreferrer">MBTI</a> which use part of Carl Jung's concepts to make a theoretical system used to divide people into <em>types</em>. For example, MBTI says that <em>if</em> the person is not neurotic or something like that, <em>then</em> he/she must fall into one among the 16 personality types that have been defined. Over simplification of the MBTI over the Internet has made the base of this theory unknown to many people, but talking about that in this question helps nobody.</p>
<p>MBTI as taken by psychologists, seems to be centered more around the concept of Functions more than the four letter model. Typing a person is done generally after recognizing their <em>Dominant</em> function. Some psychologists seem to have made their own different models about these <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungian_cognitive_functions" rel="noreferrer">Cognitive Functions</a> (like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Beebe" rel="noreferrer">John Beebe</a> and <a href="http://books.google.com/books/about/Personality_Type.html?id=sLvbTw5adxIC&amp;redir_esc=y" rel="noreferrer">Lenore Thomson</a> for example). Some claiming 8 exist in the human Psyche, and some claiming 4 exist, some saying they gradually develop, some opposing the views and so on...</p>
<p>Recently, I have come across a <a href="http://youtu.be/MGfhQTbcqmA" rel="noreferrer">Youtube video</a> in which a researcher claims to have made this theory scientifically observable and researchable - and seeing that this video has been made at Google Talks makes it believable.</p>
<p>I think Jung's concepts - which are based on observation, introspection, Energy flow etc. seem to be somewhat like Pseudoscience to any scientific mind. However, after watching this video I started to wonder whether what he says is really true or not?</p>
<p><strong>Additional Material</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><p>An <a href="http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Jung/types.htm" rel="noreferrer">extract</a> from Carl Jung's Psychological Types where Jung speaks about these types.</p>
</li>
<li><p>An online <a href="http://www.personalitynation.com/forumdisplay.php?f=137" rel="noreferrer">forum</a> where each personality type profile exists as a sticky thread in its own subforum. These profiles use what seems like a modified version of the Cognitive Functions concept.</p>
</li>
<li><p>EDIT: What Dario Nardi speaks about in the video is essentially an outline of what he published in his book. I have found a forum <a href="http://www.typologycentral.com/forums/mbti-tm-other-personality-matrices/50366-dario-nardi-s-neuroscience-personality.html" rel="noreferrer">post</a> where a summary of material he published in his book has been written. Please take a look at it if you don't have time to watch the whole video. Here's the <a href="http://www.pdx.edu/sysc/sites/www.pdx.edu.sysc/files/neuro-systems.pdf" rel="noreferrer">link</a> to the presentation he shows in the video (a pdf file).</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Questions</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><p>Short version: Is the evidence quoted in the above source (the forum link) a valid evidence to support a concept like Cognitive Functions as described by Jung?</p>
</li>
<li><p>Long version: There are two main things in the above source (the forum link) that I want someone to confirm as a proper evidence.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Firstly, as quoted by the source above, Nardi speaks about various regions in Neo Cortex region where he placed these EEG sensors. From what I have read, it seems that he mapped the regions to some activities.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/nPoZ2.jpg" alt="Regions where EEG sensors have been placed" /></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Here's what he says about these regions is like:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Fp1 &quot;Chief Judge&quot;  (is used when/to)</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Provide a reason</p>
</li>
<li><p>Decide between options</p>
</li>
<li><p>Detect an error</p>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>Writing all of them here would make this question look like a book, but I want to know whether all this is as rigid as it looks or not. I want to know where Nardi is making a mistake in this research. (There could be some activities which might have been mapped wrongly, or those which have deeper mechanisms in brain rather than just in Neocortex region.)</p>
<p>Secondly, I will not be long here, but there is a similar part where he speaks about various patterns (in regions of brain &quot;lighting up&quot;) he observed during this observation. Although asking for an evidence to this would be basically an extension to the first question, but my question here would be whether such patterns (not necessarily the same ones) have ever been classified/suggested in literature already?</p>
<p>Lastly, (this might be rhetoric question) if the answer to the above question is affirmative, Does this imply that theories like MBTI are really valid, and that there are really types among people's brains? (Nardi tried to map those patterns into types of people, as I said their dominant function)</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2012-08-17T07:38:29.897Z
Thanks for splitting up your question. It would make it easier to answer if you could summarise the relevant evidence presented in the video.
Jeromy Anglim
CC BY-SA 3.0
2012-08-17T10:50:52.510Z
@JeromyAnglim: I have edited the Additional Material part of question accordingly.
Bharadwaj Srigiriraju
CC BY-SA 3.0
2012-08-23T18:54:07.857Z
@ForbiddenOverseer it is still an external link. Try to summarize they key part that is relevant to _your_ question in one or two sentences inside your question instead of always pointing us to outside sources. Remember, the easier you make the question to read in a self-contained manner, the better the answers you will receive.
Artem Kaznatcheev
CC BY-SA 3.0
2012-09-03T21:37:36.347Z
@ArtemKaznatcheev: Yeah, thanks for the advice! In this question, I had two things to confirm: one being the regions where Nardi placed EEG sensors in brain and areas he says that they co-relate to and the other one is about what he says about these patterns he observed and when he observed them. All of this is actually pretty much in the first link itself, but I will emphasize what I wanted to understand/confirm in the edit I am going to make now.
Bharadwaj Srigiriraju
<personality><measurement><jung>
Do the Jungian Cognitive Functions/ Processes really exist?
Bharadwaj Srigiriraju
# Do the Jungian Cognitive Functions/ Processes really exist?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2012-08-16)

**Background**

Many of us must have come across personality theories like [MBTI](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myers-Briggs_Type_Indicator) which use part of Carl Jung's concepts to make a theoretical system used to divide people into *types*. For example, MBTI says that *if* the person is not neurotic or something like that, *then* he/she must fall into one among the 16 personality types that have been defined. Over simplification of the MBTI over the Internet has made the base of this theory unknown to many people, but talking about that in this question helps nobody.

MBTI as taken by psychologists, seems to be centered more around the concept of Functions more than the four letter model. Typing a person is done generally after recognizing their *Dominant* function. Some psychologists seem to have made their own different models about these [Cognitive Functions](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungian_cognitive_functions) (like [John Beebe](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Beebe) and [Lenore Thomson](http://books.google.com/books/about/Personality_Type.html?id=sLvbTw5adxIC&redir_esc=y) for example). Some claiming 8 exist in the human Psyche, and some claiming 4 exist, some saying they gradually develop, some opposing the views and so on...

Recently, I have come across a [Youtube video](http://youtu.be/MGfhQTbcqmA) in which a researcher claims to have made this theory scientifically observable and researchable - and seeing that this video has been made at Google Talks makes it believable.

I think Jung's concepts - which are based on observation, introspection, Energy flow etc. seem to be somewhat like Pseudoscience to any scientific mind. However, after watching this video I started to wonder whether what he says is really true or not?

**Additional Material**

* An [extract](http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Jung/types.htm) from Carl Jung's Psychological Types where Jung speaks about these types.
* An online [forum](http://www.personalitynation.com/forumdisplay.php?f=137) where each personality type profile exists as a sticky thread in its own subforum. These profiles use what seems like a modified version of the Cognitive Functions concept.
* EDIT: What Dario Nardi speaks about in the video is essentially an outline of what he published in his book. I have found a forum [post](http://www.typologycentral.com/forums/mbti-tm-other-personality-matrices/50366-dario-nardi-s-neuroscience-personality.html) where a summary of material he published in his book has been written. Please take a look at it if you don't have time to watch the whole video. Here's the [link](http://www.pdx.edu/sysc/sites/www.pdx.edu.sysc/files/neuro-systems.pdf) to the presentation he shows in the video (a pdf file).

**Questions**

* Short version: Is the evidence quoted in the above source (the forum link) a valid evidence to support a concept like Cognitive Functions as described by Jung?
* Long version: There are two main things in the above source (the forum link) that I want someone to confirm as a proper evidence.

Firstly, as quoted by the source above, Nardi speaks about various regions in Neo Cortex region where he placed these EEG sensors. From what I have read, it seems that he mapped the regions to some activities.

> ![Regions where EEG sensors have been placed](https://i.sstatic.net/nPoZ2.jpg)

Here's what he says about these regions is like:

> Fp1 "Chief Judge" (is used when/to)
>
> * Provide a reason
> * Decide between options
> * Detect an error

Writing all of them here would make this question look like a book, but I want to know whether all this is as rigid as it looks or not. I want to know where Nardi is making a mistake in this research. (There could be some activities which might have been mapped wrongly, or those which have deeper mechanisms in brain rather than just in Neocortex region.)

Secondly, I will not be long here, but there is a similar part where he speaks about various patterns (in regions of brain "lighting up") he observed during this observation. Although asking for an evidence to this would be basically an extension to the first question, but my question here would be whether such patterns (not necessarily the same ones) have ever been classified/suggested in literature already?

Lastly, (this might be rhetoric question) if the answer to the above question is affirmative, Does this imply that theories like MBTI are really valid, and that there are really types among people's brains? (Nardi tried to map those patterns into types of people, as I said their dominant function)

**Tags:** personality, measurement, jung

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: Thanks for splitting up your question. It would make it easier to answer if you could summarise the relevant evidence presented in the video.  
> **username_0**: @JeromyAnglim: I have edited the Additional Material part of question accordingly.  
> **username_2**: @ForbiddenOverseer it is still an external link. Try to summarize they key part that is relevant to _your_ question in one or two sentences inside your question instead of always pointing us to outside sources. Remember, the easier you make the question to read in a self-contained manner, the better the answers you will receive.  
> **username_0**: @ArtemKaznatcheev: Yeah, thanks for the advice! In this question, I had two things to confirm: one being the regions where Nardi placed EEG sensors in brain and areas he says that they co-relate to and the other one is about what he says about these patterns he observed and when he observed them. All of this is actually pretty much in the first link itself, but I will emphasize what I wanted to understand/confirm in the edit I am going to make now.  

---

## 1 answers

### Answer by username_3 on 2012-08-23. Score: 3

The research done by Dardio Nardi (the researcher you're referring to) clearly shows that something is there. Although, he would have no way of knowing as to whether his samples were of the particular type, or if what's being demonstrated really demonstrates use of that particular cognitive function. E.g doing something logical doesn't necessarily mean you're 'using' Ti.

I do believe we have innate, instinctive preferences and can classify them into types as such, but I truly doubt that Jung's work would be 100% accurate. Even Jung was hesitant to be exacting in his understanding of the psyche - which lead him to leave a lot of holes in his model.

Myers and Briggs filled those holes with many assumptions - which is why the functions are a far better application to finding somebody's 'type'.

So yes, I would say that they do exist. But probably not exactly in the way they were described by Jung. Hopefully people begin to think critically about this, then maybe we can actually see some results.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: Firstly, sorry for my late reply and I appreciate the answer. But, I have made some changes to the question (clearly explained what changes in edit section) - and it will be nice if you can take a look at the new question and update your answer if possible.  The question (edited one?) is lot more oriented towards neocortex regions and the truth about what he says about those regions (used for some activity etc.). After confirming that, next would be the question about patterns and then would be the question about their link with Jung's cognitive functions.  

---

