<p>BCI has rougly two different approaches to extract features. I will address them both. </p>

<p>When EEG is recorded, you can see an pattern of activity in a particular channel over time. This is the time-domain. The time domain is predominantly used to analyze Event Related Potentials. One application within BCI is the P300 speller. A matrix of letters is shown and letters are highlighted one at a time. Whenever the letter you thought of (i.e. attended to, i.e expected) a component called the P300 will show a larger deflection. </p>

<p>The P300 (or P3) is a positive deflection around 300-400 milliseconds after presentation of a stimulus. The amplitude of the P300 is highers when you perceive something you expected, and smaller when something unexpected (or unattend) is seen. The P300 speller is a neat and simple way to spell out one letter at a time thus (see also <a href="https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/10395/brain-computer-interface-with-eeg-how-to-name-imaginary-movement-of-a-non-self/14132#14132">Brain-computer interface with EEG: how to name imaginary movement of a non-self object?</a>) </p>

<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/wkBbC.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/wkBbC.png" alt="ERP"></a></p>

<p>The Fast Fourier Transform (FTT), which you asked for, is used to transform the time-domain to the frequency domain. Every signal in the time-domain can be subdivided in simple sinusoids with different frequencies, amplitudes and phases. The amplitudes are also referred to as the power of the frequencies. The frequencies are grouped (see also <a href="https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/16849/does-stimulus-independent-erp-make-sense-exist/16852#16852">Does stimulus-independent ERP make sense/ exist?</a>) and the power is correlated to many many different cognitive states (sleepiness, attentiveness, etc. See also <a href="https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/15222/are-brain-waves-electromagnetic-waves/15224#15224">Are brain waves electromagnetic waves?</a>)</p>

<p>BCI in the frequency domain makes use of the power of a frequency band. By focussing more or less attention, thereby de- or increasing the power in the alpha band, you can for instance move a cursor over a screen (also discussed here: <a href="https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/10395/brain-computer-interface-with-eeg-how-to-name-imaginary-movement-of-a-non-self/14132#14132">Brain-computer interface with EEG: how to name imaginary movement of a non-self object?</a>). </p>

<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/OgOll.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/OgOll.png" alt="FFT"></a></p>

<p>There is a third domain, namely the time-frequency domain (see <a href="https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/8648/how-to-compare-brain-waves/8651#8651">How to compare brain waves?</a>) and there are many more other ways to look at the data, such as coherence and synchronization, and I bet (but do not know) that it is used for BCI applications. </p>

<p>For some more reading on BCI see <a href="https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/6554/is-eeg-brain-computer-interface-reliable">Is EEG brain-computer interface reliable?</a></p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-03-24T20:24:52.263Z
2017-03-24T20:24:52.263Z
2017-04-13T12:56:16.467Z
Robin Kramer-ten Have
<p>I am working on a project related to Brain-Computer Interface &amp; I came across this problem.</p>

<p>What are the tools and techniques used to classify the EEG signals which are extracted from brain using a device which in my case is <a href="http://neurosky.com/biosensors/eeg-sensor/biosensors/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Neurosky Mindwave Mobile Headset</a>.   I needed an abstract view of what should be the design of the system? </p>

<p>The signal which are extracted using the electrode planted on the brain consists all type EEG signals present in the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalography?wprov=sfta1" rel="nofollow noreferrer">EEG Spectrum</a> i.e delta, alpha, beta, gamma, mu. How can I classify it?</p>

<p>I read about some of the techniques like using Discrete Fast Fourier Transform and then extraction of band powers but I didn't understand it quite well so can someone point me in right direction. I really appreciate your help.</p>

<p>Thank You.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-03-23T03:26:02.793Z
@Robin_Kramer? This seems like a good question for you
honi
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-03-23T07:37:00.443Z
@honi I'll have a look at it later on :)
Robin Kramer-ten Have
<theoretical-neuroscience><eeg><brain-training><brain-computer-interface><brain-waves>
Classification of EEG Signals
strikersps
# Classification of EEG Signals

(Asked by: username_0 on 2017-03-22)

I am working on a project related to Brain-Computer Interface & I came across this problem.

What are the tools and techniques used to classify the EEG signals which are extracted from brain using a device which in my case is [Neurosky Mindwave Mobile Headset](http://neurosky.com/biosensors/eeg-sensor/biosensors/). I needed an abstract view of what should be the design of the system?

The signal which are extracted using the electrode planted on the brain consists all type EEG signals present in the [EEG Spectrum](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalography?wprov=sfta1) i.e delta, alpha, beta, gamma, mu. How can I classify it?

I read about some of the techniques like using Discrete Fast Fourier Transform and then extraction of band powers but I didn't understand it quite well so can someone point me in right direction. I really appreciate your help.

Thank You.

**Tags:** theoretical-neuroscience, eeg, brain-training, brain-computer-interface, brain-waves

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: @Robin_Kramer? This seems like a good question for you  
> **username_2**: @username_1 I'll have a look at it later on :)  

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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2017-03-24. Score: 3

BCI has rougly two different approaches to extract features. I will address them both.

When EEG is recorded, you can see an pattern of activity in a particular channel over time. This is the time-domain. The time domain is predominantly used to analyze Event Related Potentials. One application within BCI is the P300 speller. A matrix of letters is shown and letters are highlighted one at a time. Whenever the letter you thought of (i.e. attended to, i.e expected) a component called the P300 will show a larger deflection.

The P300 (or P3) is a positive deflection around 300-400 milliseconds after presentation of a stimulus. The amplitude of the P300 is highers when you perceive something you expected, and smaller when something unexpected (or unattend) is seen. The P300 speller is a neat and simple way to spell out one letter at a time thus (see also [Brain-computer interface with EEG: how to name imaginary movement of a non-self object?](https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/10395/brain-computer-interface-with-eeg-how-to-name-imaginary-movement-of-a-non-self/14132#14132))

[![ERP](https://i.sstatic.net/wkBbC.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/wkBbC.png)

The Fast Fourier Transform (FTT), which you asked for, is used to transform the time-domain to the frequency domain. Every signal in the time-domain can be subdivided in simple sinusoids with different frequencies, amplitudes and phases. The amplitudes are also referred to as the power of the frequencies. The frequencies are grouped (see also [Does stimulus-independent ERP make sense/ exist?](https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/16849/does-stimulus-independent-erp-make-sense-exist/16852#16852)) and the power is correlated to many many different cognitive states (sleepiness, attentiveness, etc. See also [Are brain waves electromagnetic waves?](https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/15222/are-brain-waves-electromagnetic-waves/15224#15224))

BCI in the frequency domain makes use of the power of a frequency band. By focussing more or less attention, thereby de- or increasing the power in the alpha band, you can for instance move a cursor over a screen (also discussed here: [Brain-computer interface with EEG: how to name imaginary movement of a non-self object?](https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/10395/brain-computer-interface-with-eeg-how-to-name-imaginary-movement-of-a-non-self/14132#14132)).

[![FFT](https://i.sstatic.net/OgOll.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/OgOll.png)

There is a third domain, namely the time-frequency domain (see [How to compare brain waves?](https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/8648/how-to-compare-brain-waves/8651#8651)) and there are many more other ways to look at the data, such as coherence and synchronization, and I bet (but do not know) that it is used for BCI applications.

For some more reading on BCI see [Is EEG brain-computer interface reliable?](https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/6554/is-eeg-brain-computer-interface-reliable)


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