<p>The task you're referring to is called the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbal_fluency_test" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Verbal Fluency Test</a>. In "<a href="http://compneuro.uwaterloo.ca/publications/kajic2017a.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">A Biologically Constrained Model of Semantic Memory Search</a>" by Kajic et al. wherein a neural model of this task is described.</p>

<p>The model assumes words were previously encoded with relations between them according to lived experience. Consequently, the words are represented as N-dimensional vectors with relations between vectors constructed into a neural associative memory. As each word is selected from the question, a memory saves the words retrieved and uses those retrieved words to inhibit the memory so it doesn't repeat itself. This control flow is shown in the diagram below:</p>

<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/lReg6.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/lReg6.png" alt="control flow diagram"></a></p>

<p>As shown in the paper, this approach matches human data pretty well, but only if you use word-associations taken from <a href="http://w3.usf.edu/FreeAssociation/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Free Association Norms</a>.</p>

<p>Open research questions include where the word encodings came from in the first place and how to make this model match human data better.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-04-23T01:42:05.590Z
2018-06-18T15:49:08.233Z
2018-06-18T15:49:08.233Z
Seanny123
<p>Firstly, I would say that this question is probably beyond current knowledge.</p>

<p>But I would like to hear the latest theories.</p>

<p>Given an input "Can you name as many animals as you can until I say 'stop'?" to a human.</p>

<p>If the person giving the question is seen as an authority or someone we want to please (or not displease) then we would decide to comply and answer the question.</p>

<p>Then we would somehow have to convert it into a small program such as the pseudo-code:</p>

<pre><code>DO:
  $X = FIND Z WHERE Z IS OF_TYPE "ANIMAL"
  IF CHECK $X IS_TYPE "ANIMAL":
     SAY $X
  IF HEAR "STOP" THEN STOP
LOOP
</code></pre>

<p>But I assume we don't really run programs like this in our brains. So what exactly does happen? </p>

<p>When I do the experiment on myself. I hear these animal names popping into my conscious as if from no-where. </p>

<p>It's as if the simple desire to answer the question together with hearing the question (or perhaps saying it to one's self) is enough to trigger the answers to be recalled from long-term memory.</p>

<p>I don't consciously have to convert the question into any kind of "brain programming language". So if my brain is doing this, it's doing it automatically. (And perhaps sometimes wrongly, hence why something not an animal might pop into the brain.) </p>

<p>Do the current theories say that the English sentence itself is the sort of scripting language of the brain or does it translate it into something else (maybe non-linear)?</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2018-04-23T00:14:55.193Z
Most modern computer programmers are at least somewhat familiar with neural networks (for machine learning). Artificial neural networks are loosely based on the way the brain (a biological neural network) works, so if you have an understanding of neural networks, then think about how Siri or Watson generate answers to questions.
Arnon Weinberg
CC BY-SA 3.0
2018-04-23T00:33:57.877Z
Isn't Siri template based?
zooby
CC BY-SA 3.0
2018-04-23T00:39:59.557Z
Not anymore: http://www.businessinsider.com/apples-siri-using-neural-networks-2016-8
Arnon Weinberg
CC BY-SA 3.0
2018-04-23T02:00:28.780Z
The title of your question is really broad. Would you mind editing it to reflect the body of the question better? This would allow future people to find it and understand it more easily.
Seanny123
CC BY-SA 3.0
2018-04-23T02:11:38.480Z
ok, what title do you suggest?
zooby
CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-06-18T15:47:50.613Z
Personally, I think a title like "How do humans exhaustively list categories" would be more specific.
Seanny123
<cognitive-psychology><neuroscience><reinforcement-learning><language-processing>
How does the brain generate answers to questions?
zooby
# How does the brain generate answers to questions?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2018-04-22)

Firstly, I would say that this question is probably beyond current knowledge.
But I would like to hear the latest theories.
Given an input "Can you name as many animals as you can until I say 'stop'?" to a human.
If the person giving the question is seen as an authority or someone we want to please (or not displease) then we would decide to comply and answer the question.
Then we would somehow have to convert it into a small program such as the pseudo-code:
DO:
  $X = FIND Z WHERE Z IS OF_TYPE "ANIMAL"
  IF CHECK $X IS_TYPE "ANIMAL":
     SAY $X
  IF HEAR "STOP" THEN STOP
LOOP

But I assume we don't really run programs like this in our brains. So what exactly does happen? 
When I do the experiment on myself. I hear these animal names popping into my conscious as if from no-where. 
It's as if the simple desire to answer the question together with hearing the question (or perhaps saying it to one's self) is enough to trigger the answers to be recalled from long-term memory.
I don't consciously have to convert the question into any kind of "brain programming language". So if my brain is doing this, it's doing it automatically. (And perhaps sometimes wrongly, hence why something not an animal might pop into the brain.) 
Do the current theories say that the English sentence itself is the sort of scripting language of the brain or does it translate it into something else (maybe non-linear)?

**Tags:** cognitive-psychology, neuroscience, reinforcement-learning, language-processing

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: Most modern computer programmers are at least somewhat familiar with neural networks (for machine learning). Artificial neural networks are loosely based on the way the brain (a biological neural network) works, so if you have an understanding of neural networks, then think about how Siri or Watson generate answers to questions.  
> **username_0**: Isn't Siri template based?  
> **username_1**: Not anymore: http://www.businessinsider.com/apples-siri-using-neural-networks-2016-8  
> **username_2**: The title of your question is really broad. Would you mind editing it to reflect the body of the question better? This would allow future people to find it and understand it more easily.  
> **username_0**: ok, what title do you suggest?  
> **username_2**: Personally, I think a title like "How do humans exhaustively list categories" would be more specific.  

---

## 1 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2018-04-23. Score: 7 | Accepted answer

The task you're referring to is called the [Verbal Fluency Test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbal_fluency_test). In "[A Biologically Constrained Model of Semantic Memory Search](http://compneuro.uwaterloo.ca/publications/kajic2017a.html)" by Kajic et al. wherein a neural model of this task is described.

The model assumes words were previously encoded with relations between them according to lived experience. Consequently, the words are represented as N-dimensional vectors with relations between vectors constructed into a neural associative memory. As each word is selected from the question, a memory saves the words retrieved and uses those retrieved words to inhibit the memory so it doesn't repeat itself. This control flow is shown in the diagram below:

[![control flow diagram](https://i.sstatic.net/lReg6.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/lReg6.png)

As shown in the paper, this approach matches human data pretty well, but only if you use word-associations taken from [Free Association Norms](http://w3.usf.edu/FreeAssociation/).

Open research questions include where the word encodings came from in the first place and how to make this model match human data better.


---

