<p>I have never heard of this formula, but from a cognitive psychology point of view you might look the <em>theory of expert performance</em> (Ericsson et al., 1993). In this theory it is argued that an important factor in the aquisition of expert performance is what the authors call <em>deliberate practice</em>. What is meant by this is an activity, wherein someone actively tries to improve his skills in some domain. Deliberate practice is not neccessarily an enjoyable activity, as it requires effort, concentration and persistence. It is definitely conscious. </p>

<p>There is quite a bit of evidence from different domains. Ericcson and Charness (1994) report findings from chess, mental multiplicaiton and music. There even is a handbook of expertise and expert performance that sums up the field, if you are interested to go deeper (Ericcson et al., 2006).</p>

<p>The formula that you mentioned very much reminds me of the concept of deliberate practice. I would argue that the two things basically refer to the same processes.</p>

<p>References:<br>
<sub>
Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., &amp; Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. <em>Psychological Review</em>, 100(3), 363–406. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.100.3.363 <a href="http://www.mockingbirdeducation.net/uploads/5/4/0/7/5407628/ericsson_1993.pdf">PDF</a><br>
Ericsson, K. A., &amp; Charness, N. (1994). Expert performance: Its structure and acquisition. <em>American psychologist</em>, 49(8), 725. <a href="http://stuff.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/course/6/6.055/readings/ericsson-charness-am-psychologist.pdf">PDF</a><br>
Ericsson, K. A., Charness, N., Hoffman, R. R., &amp; Feltovich, P. J. (Eds.).(2006). <em>The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance.</em> New York: Cambridge University Press.
</sub></p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2013-09-07T09:00:25.550Z
2013-09-07T09:00:25.550Z
Jens Kouros
<p>I know this formula, and I don't know where did I read it (or maybe heard about):</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>Conscious accuracy + continuous practice = spontaneous fluency</p>
</blockquote>

<p>It's an educational technique for long-term learning processes which require the learner to develop motor-skills, like playing piano, touch-typing, martial arts, etc.</p>

<p>This formula in brief says that:</p>

<ol>
<li>You don't have direct control over your brain, and it's a black box to you</li>
<li>Your only duty is to provide content for you brain</li>
<li>Every action you do during learning process should be consciously accurate</li>
<li>You should practice more and more (PMP)</li>
<li>You should not care about becoming fluent, as it's not under your direct control</li>
<li>After a while, you brain reaches fluency</li>
<li>The more you provide accuracy for your conscious mind, and the more you practice, the more fluency you'll get from it</li>
</ol>

<p>I Googled this formula and to my surprise I found almost nothing related. So, I have this question:</p>

<p>Is this a subject of cognitive sciences? And if so, is it valid? Do we have a theory regarding these arguments for developing motor-skills?</p>

<consciousness><motor>
Does fluency on a psychomotor task result from practice and a focus on accuracy?
Saeed Neamati
# Does fluency on a psychomotor task result from practice and a focus on accuracy?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2013-09-07)

I know this formula, and I don't know where did I read it (or maybe heard about):

> Conscious accuracy + continuous practice = spontaneous fluency

It's an educational technique for long-term learning processes which require the learner to develop motor-skills, like playing piano, touch-typing, martial arts, etc.

This formula in brief says that:

1. You don't have direct control over your brain, and it's a black box to you
2. Your only duty is to provide content for you brain
3. Every action you do during learning process should be consciously accurate
4. You should practice more and more (PMP)
5. You should not care about becoming fluent, as it's not under your direct control
6. After a while, you brain reaches fluency
7. The more you provide accuracy for your conscious mind, and the more you practice, the more fluency you'll get from it

I Googled this formula and to my surprise I found almost nothing related. So, I have this question:

Is this a subject of cognitive sciences? And if so, is it valid? Do we have a theory regarding these arguments for developing motor-skills?

**Tags:** consciousness, motor


---

## 1 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2013-09-07. Score: 6

I have never heard of this formula, but from a cognitive psychology point of view you might look the *theory of expert performance* (Ericsson et al., 1993). In this theory it is argued that an important factor in the aquisition of expert performance is what the authors call *deliberate practice*. What is meant by this is an activity, wherein someone actively tries to improve his skills in some domain. Deliberate practice is not neccessarily an enjoyable activity, as it requires effort, concentration and persistence. It is definitely conscious.

There is quite a bit of evidence from different domains. Ericcson and Charness (1994) report findings from chess, mental multiplicaiton and music. There even is a handbook of expertise and expert performance that sums up the field, if you are interested to go deeper (Ericcson et al., 2006).

The formula that you mentioned very much reminds me of the concept of deliberate practice. I would argue that the two things basically refer to the same processes.

References:  
Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. *Psychological Review*, 100(3), 363–406. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.100.3.363 [PDF](http://www.mockingbirdeducation.net/uploads/5/4/0/7/5407628/ericsson_1993.pdf)  
Ericsson, K. A., & Charness, N. (1994). Expert performance: Its structure and acquisition. *American psychologist*, 49(8), 725. [PDF](http://stuff.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/course/6/6.055/readings/ericsson-charness-am-psychologist.pdf)  
Ericsson, K. A., Charness, N., Hoffman, R. R., & Feltovich, P. J. (Eds.).(2006). *The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance.* New York: Cambridge University Press.


---

