<p>As you mention Macmillan and Creelman, they talk about 3 types of bias: c, c', and beta. As I said in this <a href="https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/6302/two-different-values-for-criterion-in-signal-detection-theory/8177#8177">answer</a> it normally does not matter which one you use since they are pretty easy to switch between. When d' is zero, then c' and beta are no longer as informative as c. I would suggest reporting c, possibly along with c', in this case. Alternatively, you could report hit and false alarm rates. If you only report c' and d', you will not be telling the whole story.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-09-23T14:11:59.193Z
Thank you for your answer. It feels strange to use a different system because 7 out of 504 values are not as informative and to also rely on the knowledge of the reader as opposed to reporting what is usually most informative (in our experiment, sensitivity changes substantially within participants across stimuli types and as such c' was ideal).
Dion
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-09-23T00:39:15.427Z
2016-09-23T00:39:15.427Z
2017-04-13T12:56:16.417Z
StrongBad
<p>Reframed the original question to include more background information:</p>

<p>My experiment concerns the recall ability of individuals concerning information about animals. Within-subject design: Whether an animal is dangerous or safe (danger). Whether an animal lives in Africa or Australia (location). In the recall phase, participants had to identify the animals they saw as dangerous/safe, African/Australian. 
Responses were coded as Hit (stimuli danger, response danger), Miss (stimuli danger, response Safe), correct rejection (Stimuli safe, response safe) and finally false alarm (stimuli safe, response danger)
We expected that sensitivity depends on the importance of the information to wellbeing (this has been found in other studies as well), but also that bias is affected by individual differences. D’ refers to sensitivity as it is the difference between the signal (danger) and noise distribution (safe). C refers to the bias (the criterion of the respondent, a tendency to say yes or no) and c’ is c relative to d’ . However, d’ in some cases is 0, when the proportion of hits (hits/(hits+misses) is equal to the proportion of false alarms (false alarms/(fa+correct rejections)) making it impossible to compute c’ (c/d'). As such, my question is whether there is a commonly used and supported correction? 
More information about signal detection theory and its use in cognitive sciences can be found <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detection_theory">here</a></p>

<p>Thank you for the comments so far, I hope the question is clearer now.</p>

<p>Original question:
As described in <a href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=P094AgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP5&amp;lpg=PP5&amp;dq=%22detection+theory+a+user%27s+guide%22+lawrence+erlbaum&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=bcpb0yLd9Z&amp;sig=sdnEW6z6b3DCYh_4dcEd6nd9Qug&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=sG8QVLffC4vkapvEgtgL&amp;ved=0CEUQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&amp;q=%22detection%20theory%20a%20user%27s%20guide%22%20lawrence%20erlbaum&amp;f=false">Detection theory: A user's guide</a> page 28, bias indicator c can be normalized into c' by dividing it by d'. In short, d' = z(H)-Z(FA); c = -0.5(z(H)+Z(FA)); c' = c/d'.
However, in some of my cases d' is 0 (For instance, H=.72, FA =.72). Is there a standard correction that allows for the calculation of c'?</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-09-22T19:58:45.533Z
I fail to see a problem here. Taking the limit d'->0, shows that c' converges either to zero (for c=0) or to -infinity (c<0), as intended. I would report the values as such.
matus
<signal-detection><psychophysics>
Signal detection theory: How to calculate c' when d' is 0?
Dion
# Signal detection theory: How to calculate c' when d' is 0?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2016-09-20)

Reframed the original question to include more background information:

My experiment concerns the recall ability of individuals concerning information about animals. Within-subject design: Whether an animal is dangerous or safe (danger). Whether an animal lives in Africa or Australia (location). In the recall phase, participants had to identify the animals they saw as dangerous/safe, African/Australian.
Responses were coded as Hit (stimuli danger, response danger), Miss (stimuli danger, response Safe), correct rejection (Stimuli safe, response safe) and finally false alarm (stimuli safe, response danger)
We expected that sensitivity depends on the importance of the information to wellbeing (this has been found in other studies as well), but also that bias is affected by individual differences. D’ refers to sensitivity as it is the difference between the signal (danger) and noise distribution (safe). C refers to the bias (the criterion of the respondent, a tendency to say yes or no) and c’ is c relative to d’ . However, d’ in some cases is 0, when the proportion of hits (hits/(hits+misses) is equal to the proportion of false alarms (false alarms/(fa+correct rejections)) making it impossible to compute c’ (c/d'). As such, my question is whether there is a commonly used and supported correction?
More information about signal detection theory and its use in cognitive sciences can be found [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detection_theory)

Thank you for the comments so far, I hope the question is clearer now.

Original question:
As described in [Detection theory: A user's guide](http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=P094AgAAQBAJ&pg=PP5&lpg=PP5&dq=%22detection+theory+a+user%27s+guide%22+lawrence+erlbaum&source=bl&ots=bcpb0yLd9Z&sig=sdnEW6z6b3DCYh_4dcEd6nd9Qug&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sG8QVLffC4vkapvEgtgL&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=%22detection%20theory%20a%20user%27s%20guide%22%20lawrence%20erlbaum&f=false) page 28, bias indicator c can be normalized into c' by dividing it by d'. In short, d' = z(H)-Z(FA); c = -0.5(z(H)+Z(FA)); c' = c/d'.
However, in some of my cases d' is 0 (For instance, H=.72, FA =.72). Is there a standard correction that allows for the calculation of c'?

**Tags:** signal-detection, psychophysics

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: I fail to see a problem here. Taking the limit d'->0, shows that c' converges either to zero (for c=0) or to -infinity (c<0), as intended. I would report the values as such.  

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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2016-09-23. Score: 1

As you mention Macmillan and Creelman, they talk about 3 types of bias: c, c', and beta. As I said in this [answer](https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/6302/two-different-values-for-criterion-in-signal-detection-theory/8177#8177) it normally does not matter which one you use since they are pretty easy to switch between. When d' is zero, then c' and beta are no longer as informative as c. I would suggest reporting c, possibly along with c', in this case. Alternatively, you could report hit and false alarm rates. If you only report c' and d', you will not be telling the whole story.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: Thank you for your answer. It feels strange to use a different system because 7 out of 504 values are not as informative and to also rely on the knowledge of the reader as opposed to reporting what is usually most informative (in our experiment, sensitivity changes substantially within participants across stimuli types and as such c' was ideal).  

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