<p>First off, the question is superbly broad and it would have faced closure if it would be asked at the time of this writing. Nonetheless, given the high number of upvotes I think it deserves an answer. Note that my answer is just a small bunch of behaviors associated with the NR3C1 gene, as based on a cursory Google Scholar search, using the terms '<em>NR3C1 + behavior</em>'. </p>

<ul>
<li>NR3C1 gene polymorphisms have been associated with <strong>alcohol and drug abuse</strong> <a href="https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/10161/15835/Glucocorticoid%20Receptor%20(NR3C1)%20Gene%20Polymorphism%20Moderate%20Intervention%20Effects%20on%20the%20Developmental%20Trajectory%20of%20African-American%20Adolescent%20Alcohol%20Abuse.pdf?sequence=1" rel="nofollow noreferrer">(Zen <em>et al</em>, 2010)</a>, <strong>aggression</strong> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28686058" rel="nofollow noreferrer">(Li <em>et al</em>., 2017)</a> and <strong>suicide</strong> <a href="https://behavioralandbrainfunctions.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12993-016-0104-1" rel="nofollow noreferrer">(Park <em>et al</em>., 2016)</a></li>
<li>NR3C1 hypermethylation has been associated with being <strong>bullied or lacking friends</strong> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-018-0169-8" rel="nofollow noreferrer">(Efstathopoulos <em>et al</em>., 2018</a> and with <strong>PTSD</strong> <a href="http://www.jneurosci.org/content/34/31/10274" rel="nofollow noreferrer">(Vukojevic <em>et al</em>., 2016)</a></li>
<li><strong>Cry acoustics</strong> in infants is associated with methylation pre-term <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00100/full" rel="nofollow noreferrer">(Sheinkopf <em>et al</em>., 2016)</a></li>
</ul>

<p><sub><strong>References</strong><br>
<strong>-</strong> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-018-0169-8" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Efstathopoulos <em>et al</em>., <em>Translat Psychiatry</em> (2018); <strong>8</strong>(121)</a><br>
<strong>-</strong> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00100/full" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Sheinkopf <em>et al</em>., <em>Front Behav Neurosci</em> (2016)</a><br>
<strong>-</strong> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28686058" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Li <em>et al</em>., <em>Genet Test Mol Biomarkers</em> (2017); <strong>21</strong>(8): 497-505</a><br>
<strong>-</strong> <a href="https://behavioralandbrainfunctions.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12993-016-0104-1" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Park <em>et al</em>., <em>Behav Brain Functions</em> (2016); <strong>12</strong>:22</a><br>
<strong>-</strong> <a href="http://www.jneurosci.org/content/34/31/10274" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Vukojevic <em>et al</em>., <em>J Neurosci</em> (2014); <strong>34</strong>(31): 10274-84</a> 
<strong>-</strong> <a href="https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/10161/15835/Glucocorticoid%20Receptor%20(NR3C1)%20Gene%20Polymorphism%20Moderate%20Intervention%20Effects%20on%20the%20Developmental%20Trajectory%20of%20African-American%20Adolescent%20Alcohol%20Abuse.pdf?sequence=1" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Zhen <em>et al</em>., <em>Prev Sci</em> (2016)</a></sub></p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2018-10-19T08:43:16.987Z
2018-10-19T08:43:16.987Z
AliceD
<p>Previously: All cells have receptors for glucorticoids, see these sources:</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoid_receptor" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoid_receptor</a></li>
<li>Neil R. Carlson. (1993). Physiology of Behavior. Page 404.</li>
</ul>

<p>You do not want us to include in our response all effects on the behavior of all the cells of the body (in animals and humans of course) (with direct functions or modulating function of course).</p>

<p>In this specific case it does not work safeguard in the subject raised saying: I ask for the gene .. since in that case you would ask about the behavioral functions of that gene ... and we are in the same situation. Or maybe I did not understand your intelligent question.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-06-28T21:44:11.430Z
May I ask you what you are saying here? I really don't understand your answer?
AliceD
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-06-28T19:55:11.933Z
2017-06-28T19:55:11.933Z
hexadecimal
<p>The NR3C1 gene encodes for a neuron-specific glucocorticoid receptor (GR), of which methylation levels have been shown to relate to altered maternal care and stress response in rodents (<a href="http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v7/n8/abs/nn1276.html">Weaver et al., 2004</a>) and to suicide in humans (<a href="http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v12/n3/full/nn.2270.html">McGowan et al., 2009</a>).</p>

<p>I am wondering what other behaviours and phenotypes could or has GR function been associated with?</p>

<neuroscience><stress><genetics>
What are some known roles or correlations of glucocorticoid receptor function to behaviour?
Vielle
# What are some known roles or correlations of glucocorticoid receptor function to behaviour?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2012-08-09)

The NR3C1 gene encodes for a neuron-specific glucocorticoid receptor (GR), of which methylation levels have been shown to relate to altered maternal care and stress response in rodents ([Weaver et al., 2004](http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v7/n8/abs/nn1276.html)) and to suicide in humans ([McGowan et al., 2009](http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v12/n3/full/nn.2270.html)).

I am wondering what other behaviours and phenotypes could or has GR function been associated with?

**Tags:** neuroscience, stress, genetics


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## 2 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2018-10-19. Score: 1

First off, the question is superbly broad and it would have faced closure if it would be asked at the time of this writing. Nonetheless, given the high number of upvotes I think it deserves an answer. Note that my answer is just a small bunch of behaviors associated with the NR3C1 gene, as based on a cursory Google Scholar search, using the terms '*NR3C1 + behavior*'.

* NR3C1 gene polymorphisms have been associated with **alcohol and drug abuse** [(Zen *et al*, 2010)](https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/10161/15835/Glucocorticoid%20Receptor%20(NR3C1)%20Gene%20Polymorphism%20Moderate%20Intervention%20Effects%20on%20the%20Developmental%20Trajectory%20of%20African-American%20Adolescent%20Alcohol%20Abuse.pdf?sequence=1), **aggression** [(Li *et al*., 2017)](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28686058) and **suicide** [(Park *et al*., 2016)](https://behavioralandbrainfunctions.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12993-016-0104-1)
* NR3C1 hypermethylation has been associated with being **bullied or lacking friends** [(Efstathopoulos *et al*., 2018](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-018-0169-8) and with **PTSD** [(Vukojevic *et al*., 2016)](http://www.jneurosci.org/content/34/31/10274)
* **Cry acoustics** in infants is associated with methylation pre-term [(Sheinkopf *et al*., 2016)](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00100/full)

**References**  
**-** [Efstathopoulos *et al*., *Translat Psychiatry* (2018); **8**(121)](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-018-0169-8)  
**-** [Sheinkopf *et al*., *Front Behav Neurosci* (2016)](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00100/full)  
**-** [Li *et al*., *Genet Test Mol Biomarkers* (2017); **21**(8): 497-505](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28686058)  
**-** [Park *et al*., *Behav Brain Functions* (2016); **12**:22](https://behavioralandbrainfunctions.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12993-016-0104-1)  
**-** [Vukojevic *et al*., *J Neurosci* (2014); **34**(31): 10274-84](http://www.jneurosci.org/content/34/31/10274)
**-** [Zhen *et al*., *Prev Sci* (2016)](https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/10161/15835/Glucocorticoid%20Receptor%20(NR3C1)%20Gene%20Polymorphism%20Moderate%20Intervention%20Effects%20on%20the%20Developmental%20Trajectory%20of%20African-American%20Adolescent%20Alcohol%20Abuse.pdf?sequence=1)


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### Answer by username_2 on 2017-06-28. Score: -2

Previously: All cells have receptors for glucorticoids, see these sources:

* <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoid_receptor>
* Neil R. Carlson. (1993). Physiology of Behavior. Page 404.

You do not want us to include in our response all effects on the behavior of all the cells of the body (in animals and humans of course) (with direct functions or modulating function of course).

In this specific case it does not work safeguard in the subject raised saying: I ask for the gene .. since in that case you would ask about the behavioral functions of that gene ... and we are in the same situation. Or maybe I did not understand your intelligent question.

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: May I ask you what you are saying here? I really don't understand your answer?  

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