<h3>Motion perception</h3>

<p>This article on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_perception">motion perception</a> might be a good start.</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>pure motion perception is referred to as "first-order" motion
  perception and is mediated by relatively simple "motion sensors" in
  the visual system, that have evolved to detect a change in luminance
  at one point on the retina and correlate it with a change in luminance
  at a neighbouring point on the retina after a short delay</p>
</blockquote>

<h3>Vehicle velocity</h3>

<p>There are a <a href="http://scholar.google.com.au/scholar?q=vehicle+velocity+psychology&amp;btnG=&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=0%2C5">few articles on estimating vehicle velocity</a>.
Scialfa et al (1991) provides a more behavioural account focussing on age differences. </p>

<h3>References</h3>

<p>Scialfa, C. T., Guzy, L. T., Leibowitz, H. W., Garvey, P. M., &amp; Tyrrell, R. A. (1991). Age differences in estimating vehicle velocity. Psychology and aging, 6(1), 60. <a href="http://psych.ucalgary.ca/PACE/PCA-Lab/pdf/scialfaguzyetal1991.pdf">PDF</a></p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2013-12-09T11:32:29.713Z
Thank you for the information, that seems pretty much in line with what I was thinking - so the Hassenstein-Reichardt Detectors are the only mechanism that is used to calculate motion? That is sort of what I am trying to get at, if there are other computational systems involved, or just the HRDs. 

Any more up to date research would be greatly appreciated if anyone has it as well, since a lot of the studies I have found that look specifically at this are quite old.
AAM
CC BY-SA 3.0
2013-12-04T03:43:54.197Z
2013-12-04T03:43:54.197Z
Jeromy Anglim
<p>How does the human brain calculate velocities? For example, when crossing a road and seeing a car coming towards you, how does the brain actually compute the rough velocity of the vehicle and your own maximum speed as you cross the road so as to judge that you can cross safely without using the relevant physics equations? I am interested particularly in the specific cognitive and/or neural processes and that level of detail rather than just the fact that the brain estimates distance and time taken to cross that distance. </p>

<p>N.B. This question is derived from an earlier post of mine which I was advised to split into two for clarity. </p>

<cognitive-psychology><perception><cognitive-neuroscience><computational-modeling><theoretical-neuroscience>
How does the brain calculate velocity?
AAM
# How does the brain calculate velocity?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2013-11-13)

How does the human brain calculate velocities? For example, when crossing a road and seeing a car coming towards you, how does the brain actually compute the rough velocity of the vehicle and your own maximum speed as you cross the road so as to judge that you can cross safely without using the relevant physics equations? I am interested particularly in the specific cognitive and/or neural processes and that level of detail rather than just the fact that the brain estimates distance and time taken to cross that distance.

N.B. This question is derived from an earlier post of mine which I was advised to split into two for clarity.

**Tags:** cognitive-psychology, perception, cognitive-neuroscience, computational-modeling, theoretical-neuroscience


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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2013-12-04. Score: 6

### Motion perception

This article on [motion perception](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_perception) might be a good start.

> pure motion perception is referred to as "first-order" motion
> perception and is mediated by relatively simple "motion sensors" in
> the visual system, that have evolved to detect a change in luminance
> at one point on the retina and correlate it with a change in luminance
> at a neighbouring point on the retina after a short delay

### Vehicle velocity

There are a [few articles on estimating vehicle velocity](http://scholar.google.com.au/scholar?q=vehicle+velocity+psychology&btnG=&hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5).
Scialfa et al (1991) provides a more behavioural account focussing on age differences.

### References

Scialfa, C. T., Guzy, L. T., Leibowitz, H. W., Garvey, P. M., & Tyrrell, R. A. (1991). Age differences in estimating vehicle velocity. Psychology and aging, 6(1), 60. [PDF](http://psych.ucalgary.ca/PACE/PCA-Lab/pdf/scialfaguzyetal1991.pdf)

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: Thank you for the information, that seems pretty much in line with what I was thinking - so the Hassenstein-Reichardt Detectors are the only mechanism that is used to calculate motion? That is sort of what I am trying to get at, if there are other computational systems involved, or just the HRDs.   Any more up to date research would be greatly appreciated if anyone has it as well, since a lot of the studies I have found that look specifically at this are quite old.  

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