<p>Dario Ringach wrote in a letter titled <a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v425/n6961/full/425912a.html" rel="noreferrer">Neuroscience: States of Mind</a>:</p>

<p>(inline references removed, see link for references)</p>

<blockquote>
  <p><strong>If the ability to perceive oriented stimuli is found to depend on the
  cortical state, we can then ask a number of important questions
  about cortical function</strong>. Is the time the cortex spends visiting
  particular states a function of attention? In other words, if an
  animal is trained to perceive horizontal stimuli, will there be a
  corresponding increase in the time the cortex spends sampling the
  horizontal orientation map relative to the other maps? <strong>Perhaps
  perceptual learning has more to do with 'top-down' mechanisms (brain
  processes learning how to 'control' the ongoing state of the early
  visual cortex) rather than 'bottom-up' mechanisms (external stimuli
  producing dramatic and long-lasting changes in the way the visual
  cortex processes incoming information).</strong> In more general terms,
  one might ask if such intrinsic cortical states represent the brain's
  'current hypothesis' about the state of the external world. In
  this case, the purpose of the cortical machinery would be to
  continuously update the current hypothesis by considering new visual
  information.</p>
</blockquote>

<p><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3116137/" rel="noreferrer">Rabinovich</a> is well-known in dynamical systems neuroscience for highlighting the importance of <strong>transient states</strong> (as opposed to attractor states).  That is, it is the active dynamics that correlate with perceptive state, moreso than the steady-state dynamics.  This view has experimental evidence from several different organisms (See the Rabinovich link) but the most notable example is <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12971898" rel="noreferrer">Locust olfactory states</a>.</p>

<p>The Rabinovich paper above is really the goldmine for this question, including <strong>fMRI evidence</strong>, but another source of <strong>fMRI theory</strong> in relation to brain states is Karl Friston's <a href="http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n2/abs/nrn2787.html" rel="noreferrer">Free Energy Principle for the Brain</a></p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2012-10-10T14:52:27.667Z
Thank you, the paper by Rabinovich sounds very much like what I've been looking for.
Alex Stone
CC BY-SA 3.0
2012-10-09T20:16:30.723Z
2012-10-09T20:16:30.723Z
Keegan Keplinger
<p>If you've seen a snickers commercial, it goes something like "you are a different person when you are hungry". I'm interested if the person's brain actually looks different when observed through fMRI if the person is tired/hungry, and the person's outlook on the world changes. For example things become more irritating.</p>

<p><strong>Is there fMRI evidence to support that a person is capable of switching to a different "state of mind" based on the condition of the person's body or neuromodulator levels?</strong> </p>

<p>If there's a better term than "States of mind", could you suggest what it is? I'm thinking of an entrained state which changes the person's outlook on the past, present and the future, as well as influencing the choice of actions and behavior. Is there a good term I can google to find research on this topic?</p>

<p>Thank you for your input!</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2012-10-09T05:43:57.650Z
Drives in general can have an effect on drug seeking behaviors in humans and animals.  A familiar smell of an old haunt or other cues can cause addicts to recidivate.  I don't have any literature handy, but this is often associated with the nucleus accumbens.
Chuck Sherrington
CC BY-SA 3.0
2012-10-09T11:04:03.877Z
theory-of-the-mind is the social activity of recognizing or coming to learn that other individuals posses minds distinct from your own, you were looking for the tag philosophy-of-mind. Please take the time to read tag-wikis when you are unsure.
Artem Kaznatcheev
<philosophy-of-mind><fmri>
Is there any fMRI evidence for different "states of mind"?
Alex Stone
# Is there any fMRI evidence for different "states of mind"?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2012-10-09)

If you've seen a snickers commercial, it goes something like "you are a different person when you are hungry". I'm interested if the person's brain actually looks different when observed through fMRI if the person is tired/hungry, and the person's outlook on the world changes. For example things become more irritating.

**Is there fMRI evidence to support that a person is capable of switching to a different "state of mind" based on the condition of the person's body or neuromodulator levels?**

If there's a better term than "States of mind", could you suggest what it is? I'm thinking of an entrained state which changes the person's outlook on the past, present and the future, as well as influencing the choice of actions and behavior. Is there a good term I can google to find research on this topic?

Thank you for your input!

**Tags:** philosophy-of-mind, fmri

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: Drives in general can have an effect on drug seeking behaviors in humans and animals.  A familiar smell of an old haunt or other cues can cause addicts to recidivate.  I don't have any literature handy, but this is often associated with the nucleus accumbens.  
> **username_2**: theory-of-the-mind is the social activity of recognizing or coming to learn that other individuals posses minds distinct from your own, you were looking for the tag philosophy-of-mind. Please take the time to read tag-wikis when you are unsure.  

---

## 1 answers

### Answer by username_3 on 2012-10-09. Score: 5 | Accepted answer

Dario Ringach wrote in a letter titled [Neuroscience: States of Mind](http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v425/n6961/full/425912a.html):

(inline references removed, see link for references)

> **If the ability to perceive oriented stimuli is found to depend on the
> cortical state, we can then ask a number of important questions
> about cortical function**. Is the time the cortex spends visiting
> particular states a function of attention? In other words, if an
> animal is trained to perceive horizontal stimuli, will there be a
> corresponding increase in the time the cortex spends sampling the
> horizontal orientation map relative to the other maps? **Perhaps
> perceptual learning has more to do with 'top-down' mechanisms (brain
> processes learning how to 'control' the ongoing state of the early
> visual cortex) rather than 'bottom-up' mechanisms (external stimuli
> producing dramatic and long-lasting changes in the way the visual
> cortex processes incoming information).** In more general terms,
> one might ask if such intrinsic cortical states represent the brain's
> 'current hypothesis' about the state of the external world. In
> this case, the purpose of the cortical machinery would be to
> continuously update the current hypothesis by considering new visual
> information.

[Rabinovich](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3116137/) is well-known in dynamical systems neuroscience for highlighting the importance of **transient states** (as opposed to attractor states). That is, it is the active dynamics that correlate with perceptive state, moreso than the steady-state dynamics. This view has experimental evidence from several different organisms (See the Rabinovich link) but the most notable example is [Locust olfactory states](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12971898).

The Rabinovich paper above is really the goldmine for this question, including **fMRI evidence**, but another source of **fMRI theory** in relation to brain states is Karl Friston's [Free Energy Principle for the Brain](http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n2/abs/nrn2787.html)

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: Thank you, the paper by Rabinovich sounds very much like what I've been looking for.  

---

