<p>these're codified verse, each character represent a "value" of particular "property", <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E9%9F%BB" rel="nofollow noreferrer">廣韻</a> is the origin.</p>

<pre><code>逼   曾開三入職幫
</code></pre>

<p>逼   the character looked up</p>

<p>曾   one of sixteen <a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%9D" rel="nofollow noreferrer">韻攝</a></p>

<p>開   開口音 (開 for 開口音, or 合 for 合口音)</p>

<p>三   等第 (一, 二, 三 or 四)</p>

<p>入   entering tone, 聲調 tones (平, 上, 去 or 入)</p>

<p>職   this one is 韻目 (slightly different from 韻母 finals, there're 206 韻目 in 廣韻</p>

<p>幫   it's 聲母 initials</p>

<p>so, back to your question:</p>

<pre><code>“X” + 開
</code></pre>

<p>it's <strong>[ 通 | 江 | 止 | 遇 | 蟹 | 臻 | 山 | 效 | 果 | 假 | 宕 | 梗 | 曾 | 流 | 深 | 咸 ]</strong> + <strong>[ 開口音 |合口音 ]</strong></p>

<p>last, it's interesting that the book used traditional chinese script :)</p>

<p>info added.</p>

<p>ok, if you understand cantonese, literary chinese &amp; traditional script, here it's:</p>

<h1>韻攝</h1>

<p>in the rhythm book 廣韻, there're 206 韻目, which was "assimilated" into 16 韻攝, that, ignoring initials, tones; similar finals were grouped together. i guessed it's easier to remember 16, instead of 206 :)</p>

<p>for example:</p>

<p>通攝, which included "東韻", "董韻", "送韻", "屋韻", "冬韻", "宋韻", "沃韻", "鍾韻", "腫韻", "用韻", "燭韻"; in cantonese (sydney lay scheme), these're:</p>

<p>通   tung1,  <a href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/sound/tung1.Mp3" rel="nofollow noreferrer">sound file</a></p>

<p>東   dung1,  <a href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/sound/dung1.Mp3" rel="nofollow noreferrer">sound file</a></p>

<p>董   dung2,  <a href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/sound/dung2.Mp3" rel="nofollow noreferrer">sound file</a></p>

<p>送   sung3,  <a href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/sound/sung3.Mp3" rel="nofollow noreferrer">sound file</a></p>

<p>屋   uk1,    <a href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/sound/uk1.Mp3" rel="nofollow noreferrer">sound file</a></p>

<p>冬   dung1,  <a href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/sound/dung1.Mp3" rel="nofollow noreferrer">sound file</a></p>

<p>宋   sung3,  <a href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/sound/sung3.Mp3" rel="nofollow noreferrer">sound file</a></p>

<p>沃   yuk1,   <a href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/sound/juk1.Mp3" rel="nofollow noreferrer">sound file</a></p>

<p>鍾   jung1,  <a href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/sound/zung1.Mp3" rel="nofollow noreferrer">sound file</a></p>

<p>腫   jung2,  <a href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/sound/zung2.Mp3" rel="nofollow noreferrer">sound file</a></p>

<p>用   yung6,  <a href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/sound/jung6.Mp3" rel="nofollow noreferrer">sound file</a></p>

<p>燭   juk1,   <a href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/sound/zuk1.Mp3" rel="nofollow noreferrer">sound file</a></p>

<p>grep the idea now?</p>

<p><a href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">漢語多功能字庫</a>, <a href="https://www.digital.archives.go.jp/DAS/pickup/view/category/categoryArchives/0500000000/0511000000/00" rel="nofollow noreferrer">鉅宋廣韻</a></p>

<h1>等第</h1>

<p>this one, it's roughly louder, loud, quiet, quieter (from 1 to 4). it's derived from 韻圖 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rime_table" rel="nofollow noreferrer">rhyme table</a>).</p>

<p>the internet archive has a copy of 韻鏡, in page 100-101:</p>

<p><a href="https://archive.org/details/02077186.cn" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://archive.org/details/02077186.cn</a></p>

<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/MmKIb.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/MmKIb.png" alt="enter image description here"></a></p>

<p>in bottom right, one can find</p>

<pre><code>北
◯
逼
◯
</code></pre>

<p>in which, the 等第 of <a href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E5%8C%97" rel="nofollow noreferrer">北</a> is <strong>一</strong>, while 等第 of <a href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-mf/search.php?word=%E9%80%BC" rel="nofollow noreferrer">逼</a> is <strong>三</strong></p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-10-05T17:09:38.423Z
I understand the intials, finals, tones, and the 开合 distinction, but what are the 等第 and the 韵攝 for?
Stumpy Joe Pete
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-10-05T19:26:08.140Z
i edited the answer, have a look :)
水巷孑蠻
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-10-05T16:45:37.963Z
2016-10-05T19:25:17.510Z
2016-10-05T19:25:17.510Z
水巷孑蠻
<p>Here is an incredibly horrible quality excerpt (read: screenshot) from 《四川邛崍油榨方言記》:</p>
<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/f42ME.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/f42ME.png" alt="hi, guys" /></a></p>
<p>here's the highlights from <code>2 ər</code> that I wanted to point out:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>爾 止開三上紙日</p>
<p>兒 止開三平支日</p>
<p>而 止開三平之日</p>
<p>二 止開三去至日</p>
</blockquote>
<p>and for contrast the highlights from <code>3 i</code></p>
<blockquote>
<p>逼 曾開三入職幚</p>
<p>彼 止開三上紙幚</p>
<p>秕 止開三上旨幚</p>
<p>蔽 蟹開三去祭幚</p>
<p>箅 曾鼻子蟹開四去霽幚</p>
</blockquote>
<p>The last two “XX” might be final + initial - 逼 for instance <code>職幚</code> final <code>i</code> plus initial <code>b</code> -- a backwards 反切 - a 切反, if you will. 反切 usually includes the correct tone with the final, which doesn't seem to be carried out here - 職 would be second-tone, here, if anything - and not first like the tone that is noted for 逼.</p>
<p>上/平/入/去 is, obviously, a tone marker - still not really seeing how the pre-fixed number fits in with it, though.</p>
<p>“X” + 開 I'm more lost on.</p>
<p>Does anyone know what this method is?</p>
<p>How does its components work?</p>

<phonology>
What is this “XX” 開 “#” “上/平/入/去” “XX” method for describing character pronunciation?
# What is this “XX” 開 “#” “上/平/入/去” “XX” method for describing character pronunciation?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2016-10-05)

Here is an incredibly horrible quality excerpt (read: screenshot) from 《四川邛崍油榨方言記》:

[![hi, guys](https://i.sstatic.net/f42ME.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/f42ME.png)

here's the highlights from `2 ər` that I wanted to point out:

> 爾 止開三上紙日
>
> 兒 止開三平支日
>
> 而 止開三平之日
>
> 二 止開三去至日

and for contrast the highlights from `3 i`

> 逼 曾開三入職幚
>
> 彼 止開三上紙幚
>
> 秕 止開三上旨幚
>
> 蔽 蟹開三去祭幚
>
> 箅 曾鼻子蟹開四去霽幚

The last two “XX” might be final + initial - 逼 for instance `職幚` final `i` plus initial `b` -- a backwards 反切 - a 切反, if you will. 反切 usually includes the correct tone with the final, which doesn't seem to be carried out here - 職 would be second-tone, here, if anything - and not first like the tone that is noted for 逼.

上/平/入/去 is, obviously, a tone marker - still not really seeing how the pre-fixed number fits in with it, though.

“X” + 開 I'm more lost on.

Does anyone know what this method is?

How does its components work?

**Tags:** phonology


---

## 1 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2016-10-05. Score: 4 | Accepted answer

these're codified verse, each character represent a "value" of particular "property", 廣韻 is the origin.
逼   曾開三入職幫

逼   the character looked up
曾   one of sixteen 韻攝
開   開口音 (開 for 開口音, or 合 for 合口音)
三   等第 (一, 二, 三 or 四)
入   entering tone, 聲調 tones (平, 上, 去 or 入)
職   this one is 韻目 (slightly different from 韻母 finals, there're 206 韻目 in 廣韻
幫   it's 聲母 initials
so, back to your question:
“X” + 開

it's [ 通 | 江 | 止 | 遇 | 蟹 | 臻 | 山 | 效 | 果 | 假 | 宕 | 梗 | 曾 | 流 | 深 | 咸 ] + [ 開口音 |合口音 ]
last, it's interesting that the book used traditional chinese script :)
info added.
ok, if you understand cantonese, literary chinese & traditional script, here it's:
韻攝
in the rhythm book 廣韻, there're 206 韻目, which was "assimilated" into 16 韻攝, that, ignoring initials, tones; similar finals were grouped together. i guessed it's easier to remember 16, instead of 206 :)
for example:
通攝, which included "東韻", "董韻", "送韻", "屋韻", "冬韻", "宋韻", "沃韻", "鍾韻", "腫韻", "用韻", "燭韻"; in cantonese (sydney lay scheme), these're:
通   tung1,  sound file
東   dung1,  sound file
董   dung2,  sound file
送   sung3,  sound file
屋   uk1,    sound file
冬   dung1,  sound file
宋   sung3,  sound file
沃   yuk1,   sound file
鍾   jung1,  sound file
腫   jung2,  sound file
用   yung6,  sound file
燭   juk1,   sound file
grep the idea now?
漢語多功能字庫, 鉅宋廣韻
等第
this one, it's roughly louder, loud, quiet, quieter (from 1 to 4). it's derived from 韻圖 (rhyme table).
the internet archive has a copy of 韻鏡, in page 100-101:
https://archive.org/details/02077186.cn

in bottom right, one can find
北
◯
逼
◯

in which, the 等第 of 北 is 一, while 等第 of 逼 is 三

> **Comments:**
> **username_2**: I understand the intials, finals, tones, and the 开合 distinction, but what are the 等第 and the 韵攝 for?  
> **username_1**: i edited the answer, have a look :)  

---

