<p>You're right it's an inner V-Comp phrase as Complement in the outer V-Comp phrase, so you can say it is 'nested complements'. </p>

<p>However, this structure has no grammatical significance over a V-Comp phrase with a different type of Complementary part, which can be virtually anything that makes sense. It can be a phrase: Attr, Adv, V-O, V-Comp, V-Adv, or a clause which contains a complete structure which can be otherwise a sentence.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-11-09T23:36:59.000Z
2014-11-09T23:36:59.000Z
NS.X.
<p>Short answer: yes.</p>

<p>I think we should at least distinguish two types of complements.</p>

<p>For the first type, it is very difficult to insert anything else between the complement and the verb. One way to think of them is to view them as the inflection of verbs.</p>

<pre><code>✔说得出话 verb + de + complement + object
✔也说得出话 adverb + verb + de + complement + object
✘说也得出话 verb + adverb + de + complement + object
✘说得也出话 verb + de + adverb + complement + object
✘说得出也话 verb + de + complement + adverb + object
✔说得出话也(说不清楚)verb + de + complement + object + adverb
</code></pre>

<p>On the other hand, the complement introduced by 得 has more freedom. We can make up the following grammatical, though by no means usual, sentence:</p>

<pre><code>✔他 长得 丑得 看得我 吓得 紧张得 说不出话 来
</code></pre>

<p>When I interpret this sentence, I tend to think of 得 as a kind of postposition, or a conjunction. For example, I parse the long sentence as:</p>

<pre><code>他长得很丑。丑得看起来吓人。我吓得很紧张。紧张得说不出话来。
</code></pre>

<p>In this way, you can flatten the sentence so that you will not need much short-term memory to be able to understand it. I do not consider the second 得 as inner, rather, I think it is outer, or at least parallel, because the part following 得 sounds more like the main clause. For example, interrogatives and exclamations are allowed after 得.</p>

<pre><code>✔他 长得 好不好看? interrogative 
✔他 长得 真好看! exclamation
</code></pre>

<p>It can be demonstrated that adverbs that are normally attached to subjects can be inserted after 得:</p>

<pre><code>✔她 长得也 很漂亮，穿得也 很漂亮
</code></pre>

<p>In deed, the above <code>verb + 得</code> structure resembles nouns and verb phrases:</p>

<pre><code>✔她 读书 很好 verb + adjective
✘她的读书 很好 dushu is not a noun
✔她 长得 很漂亮 verb + de + adjective
✔她(的)长相 很漂亮 noun + adjective
</code></pre>

<p>And I do not find it particular unnatural to coordinate these phrases of different classes:</p>

<pre><code>✔她 长得 和 穿着 都 很好 [verb+de] and [noun]
</code></pre>

<p>I think this somehow explains the reason even native speakers do not feel much difference between the following sentences:</p>

<pre><code>✔他 说得 是什么
✔他 说的 是什么
✔他 说的 什么
✔他 (是)怎么 说的
</code></pre>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-11-10T00:01:13.993Z
2014-11-10T00:01:13.993Z
Yang Muye
<p>I came across this sentence:
她看清进来为何人时，<strong>吓得说不出话来</strong>。, the second clause looks to me like a nested complement. i analyzed it this way:</p>

<p>吓得 (说不出话来) --> outer complement
     说(不出话来) --> inner complement</p>

<p>Am I right, is this really a nested complement or did i make a mistake and what would be this construction then?</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2014-11-09T23:24:20.260Z
is there any problem with that? 吓 has complement of result 得说不出话来， which contains the negative form 不出来 of a complement of potentiality 得出来 to verb with object 说话
(sentence with translation again in iciba)
user6065
<grammar><syntax>
Do nested complements exist in Chinese?
# Do nested complements exist in Chinese?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2014-11-09)

I came across this sentence:
她看清进来为何人时，**吓得说不出话来**。, the second clause looks to me like a nested complement. i analyzed it this way:

吓得 (说不出话来) --> outer complement
说(不出话来) --> inner complement

Am I right, is this really a nested complement or did i make a mistake and what would be this construction then?

**Tags:** grammar, syntax

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: is there any problem with that? 吓 has complement of result 得说不出话来， which contains the negative form 不出来 of a complement of potentiality 得出来 to verb with object 说话 (sentence with translation again in iciba)  

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## 2 answers

### Answer by username_3 on 2014-11-10. Score: 3 | Accepted answer

Short answer: yes.
I think we should at least distinguish two types of complements.
For the first type, it is very difficult to insert anything else between the complement and the verb. One way to think of them is to view them as the inflection of verbs.
✔说得出话 verb + de + complement + object
✔也说得出话 adverb + verb + de + complement + object
✘说也得出话 verb + adverb + de + complement + object
✘说得也出话 verb + de + adverb + complement + object
✘说得出也话 verb + de + complement + adverb + object
✔说得出话也(说不清楚)verb + de + complement + object + adverb

On the other hand, the complement introduced by 得 has more freedom. We can make up the following grammatical, though by no means usual, sentence:
✔他 长得 丑得 看得我 吓得 紧张得 说不出话 来

When I interpret this sentence, I tend to think of 得 as a kind of postposition, or a conjunction. For example, I parse the long sentence as:
他长得很丑。丑得看起来吓人。我吓得很紧张。紧张得说不出话来。

In this way, you can flatten the sentence so that you will not need much short-term memory to be able to understand it. I do not consider the second 得 as inner, rather, I think it is outer, or at least parallel, because the part following 得 sounds more like the main clause. For example, interrogatives and exclamations are allowed after 得.
✔他 长得 好不好看? interrogative 
✔他 长得 真好看! exclamation

It can be demonstrated that adverbs that are normally attached to subjects can be inserted after 得:
✔她 长得也 很漂亮，穿得也 很漂亮

In deed, the above verb + 得 structure resembles nouns and verb phrases:
✔她 读书 很好 verb + adjective
✘她的读书 很好 dushu is not a noun
✔她 长得 很漂亮 verb + de + adjective
✔她(的)长相 很漂亮 noun + adjective

And I do not find it particular unnatural to coordinate these phrases of different classes:
✔她 长得 和 穿着 都 很好 [verb+de] and [noun]

I think this somehow explains the reason even native speakers do not feel much difference between the following sentences:
✔他 说得 是什么
✔他 说的 是什么
✔他 说的 什么
✔他 (是)怎么 说的


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### Answer by username_2 on 2014-11-09. Score: 2

You're right it's an inner V-Comp phrase as Complement in the outer V-Comp phrase, so you can say it is 'nested complements'.

However, this structure has no grammatical significance over a V-Comp phrase with a different type of Complementary part, which can be virtually anything that makes sense. It can be a phrase: Attr, Adv, V-O, V-Comp, V-Adv, or a clause which contains a complete structure which can be otherwise a sentence.


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