<blockquote>
  <p>I'm wondering if this idea is correct: that 的 can generally be appended to and adjective in order to refer to the entire class of objects satisfying that adjective.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>Yes, in this case, 的 is acting as an indefinite pronoun 'one' </p>

<blockquote>
  <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_(pronoun)" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_(pronoun)</a></p>
</blockquote>

<p>好吃<strong>的</strong> (delicious <strong>one</strong>)</p>

<p>我喜欢好吃<strong>的</strong> (I like delicious <strong>one</strong>.)</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>If there's a noun after 的, then 的 is in the role of 'adjectival suffix'</p>
  
  <p>好吃(delicious)</p>
  
  <p>好吃的(delicious)蘋果(apple)</p>
</blockquote>

<p>~ </p>

<blockquote>
  <p>If there's a noun before 的, then 的 is in the role of possessive</p>
  
  <p>我(I)</p>
  
  <p>我的(my)</p>
  
  <p>我的蘋果 (my apple)</p>
</blockquote>

<p>~</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>的 can also be a 'final particle' to emphasize certainty</p>
  
  <p>我不喜欢吃蘋果 (I don't like to eat apple)* <em>plain statement</em></p>
  
  <p>我不喜欢吃蘋果<strong>的</strong> (I don't like to eat apple)* <em>with emphasis</em></p>
</blockquote>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-01-02T14:55:57.353Z
Could one take it to mean that 我不喜欢吃蘋果的 means that "I don't like to eat anything with apple in it" (i.e. no apple pie, no apple sauce, not apple flavored drinks, etc.) but 我不喜欢吃蘋果 just means "I don't eat apples, the fruit" but maybe I will drink an apple flavored drink, for example? Is this a potential way that the emphasis you reference can be used?
jdods
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-01-02T15:20:36.440Z
"我不喜欢吃蘋果" just means "I don't like to eat apple." There's no mention of not eating other things that have apple in it.; The final particle 的, in "我不喜欢吃蘋果的" just makes this fact sound firmer.
Tang Ho
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-01-02T13:35:10.953Z
2017-01-02T13:46:35.503Z
2017-01-02T13:46:35.503Z
Tang Ho
<p>Short answer: yes. Your understanding is mostly correct.<br><br>
Long answer: what happens in a sentence like</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>我喜欢吃好吃的 <br>
  I like to eat delicious things</p>
</blockquote>

<p>is that you are <b>omitting</b> something that would otherwise appear after 的. In the example above I omitted 东西。<br>
This omission is fine with very generic nouns. I can come up with the following:</p>

<ul>
<li>东西 (material thing): 我喜欢吃好吃的[东西] I like to eat delicious [things]</li>
<li>事情 (immaterial thing): 我不喜欢复杂的[事情] I don't like complicated [matters/stuff]</li>
</ul>

<p>You can then omit any other non-generic noun provided that what you are referring to is known from the context. </p>

<blockquote>
  <p>你回来的路上能帮我买一些苹果呢？我不要大的。<br>
  Can you buy me some apples on your way back? I don't want the big ones.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>If it is not easily understood from context, than you should specify the noun, as in: </p>

<blockquote>
  <p>我喜欢可爱的<b>东西</b><br>
  I like pretty things.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>To make up a rule of thumb, just remember that you are <i>omitting</i> something. If you can convince yourself of this, it's easier to distinguish between noun phrases with an omitted noun and regular adjectives. <br>
In your examples above:</p>

<ul>
<li>不要大的 -- noun phrase with omission -- <i>I don't want the big one(s)</i></li>
<li>不是大的 -- adjective, with 是 for emphasis -- <i>It's not big!</i></li>
<li>不大的 -- adjective with end-of-sentence 的 particle (expresses certainty) -- <i>It's definitely not big!</i></li>
<li>不大 -- negated adjective -- <i>not big</i></li>
</ul>

<p>Therefore, the correct way to colloquially express the adjective + omitted noun is by preceding it with a verb, just as if it were a normal sentence.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-01-02T15:06:15.240Z
Thank you for the answer. I think this solves my question.
jdods
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-01-02T13:33:33.100Z
2017-01-02T13:33:33.100Z
blackgreen
<p>I'm wondering if this idea is correct: that 的 can generally be appended to and adjective in order to refer to the entire class of objects satisfying that adjective.</p>

<p>Example: 
好吃的 (delicious things); 我喜欢好吃的 (I like delicious things.)
漂亮的 (pretty things); 我喜欢漂亮的 (I like pretty things.)</p>

<p>What are the limitations of this idea, if it is even correct? How about 大的 (big things)? Can I say 我不喜欢大的 (I do not like big things.)? I guess that's a little vague more possibly, since 'delicious' (example above) obviously refers to food. I can imagine a casual conversation in English, where it would be appropriate to say "I like pretty things", and thus I'm wondering how people might say such things in Chinese, both formally and informally/casually/colloquially.</p>

<p>What if you told a friend to go purchase an item for you, and you wanted to colloquially say you don't want the "big one" (assuming the item has several size choices), could you say "不要大的", "不是大的", or just "不大的" or "不大"?</p>

<p>I'm most interested in what feels most natural to a native speaker. If I said either of the last four phrases above, would a native speaker know that I am stating a preference of not wanting the 'large size item'?</p>

<grammar><adjectives><colloquialisms>
Usage of 的 to refer to a generic class of things
# Usage of 的 to refer to a generic class of things

(Asked by: username_0 on 2017-01-02)

I'm wondering if this idea is correct: that 的 can generally be appended to and adjective in order to refer to the entire class of objects satisfying that adjective.

Example:
好吃的 (delicious things); 我喜欢好吃的 (I like delicious things.)
漂亮的 (pretty things); 我喜欢漂亮的 (I like pretty things.)

What are the limitations of this idea, if it is even correct? How about 大的 (big things)? Can I say 我不喜欢大的 (I do not like big things.)? I guess that's a little vague more possibly, since 'delicious' (example above) obviously refers to food. I can imagine a casual conversation in English, where it would be appropriate to say "I like pretty things", and thus I'm wondering how people might say such things in Chinese, both formally and informally/casually/colloquially.

What if you told a friend to go purchase an item for you, and you wanted to colloquially say you don't want the "big one" (assuming the item has several size choices), could you say "不要大的", "不是大的", or just "不大的" or "不大"?

I'm most interested in what feels most natural to a native speaker. If I said either of the last four phrases above, would a native speaker know that I am stating a preference of not wanting the 'large size item'?

**Tags:** grammar, adjectives, colloquialisms


---

## 2 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2017-01-02. Score: 4 | Accepted answer

Short answer: yes. Your understanding is mostly correct.  
  
Long answer: what happens in a sentence like

> 我喜欢吃好吃的   
> I like to eat delicious things

is that you are **omitting** something that would otherwise appear after 的. In the example above I omitted 东西。  
This omission is fine with very generic nouns. I can come up with the following:

* 东西 (material thing): 我喜欢吃好吃的[东西] I like to eat delicious [things]
* 事情 (immaterial thing): 我不喜欢复杂的[事情] I don't like complicated [matters/stuff]

You can then omit any other non-generic noun provided that what you are referring to is known from the context.

> 你回来的路上能帮我买一些苹果呢？我不要大的。  
> Can you buy me some apples on your way back? I don't want the big ones.

If it is not easily understood from context, than you should specify the noun, as in:

> 我喜欢可爱的**东西**  
> I like pretty things.

To make up a rule of thumb, just remember that you are *omitting* something. If you can convince yourself of this, it's easier to distinguish between noun phrases with an omitted noun and regular adjectives.   
In your examples above:

* 不要大的 -- noun phrase with omission -- *I don't want the big one(s)*
* 不是大的 -- adjective, with 是 for emphasis -- *It's not big!*
* 不大的 -- adjective with end-of-sentence 的 particle (expresses certainty) -- *It's definitely not big!*
* 不大 -- negated adjective -- *not big*

Therefore, the correct way to colloquially express the adjective + omitted noun is by preceding it with a verb, just as if it were a normal sentence.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: Thank you for the answer. I think this solves my question.  

---

### Answer by username_1 on 2017-01-02. Score: 1

> I'm wondering if this idea is correct: that 的 can generally be appended to and adjective in order to refer to the entire class of objects satisfying that adjective.

Yes, in this case, 的 is acting as an indefinite pronoun 'one'

> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_(pronoun)>

好吃**的** (delicious **one**)

我喜欢好吃**的** (I like delicious **one**.)

> If there's a noun after 的, then 的 is in the role of 'adjectival suffix'
>
> 好吃(delicious)
>
> 好吃的(delicious)蘋果(apple)

~

> If there's a noun before 的, then 的 is in the role of possessive
>
> 我(I)
>
> 我的(my)
>
> 我的蘋果 (my apple)

~

> 的 can also be a 'final particle' to emphasize certainty
>
> 我不喜欢吃蘋果 (I don't like to eat apple)\* *plain statement*
>
> 我不喜欢吃蘋果**的** (I don't like to eat apple)\* *with emphasis*

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: Could one take it to mean that 我不喜欢吃蘋果的 means that "I don't like to eat anything with apple in it" (i.e. no apple pie, no apple sauce, not apple flavored drinks, etc.) but 我不喜欢吃蘋果 just means "I don't eat apples, the fruit" but maybe I will drink an apple flavored drink, for example? Is this a potential way that the emphasis you reference can be used?  
> **username_1**: "我不喜欢吃蘋果" just means "I don't like to eat apple." There's no mention of not eating other things that have apple in it.; The final particle 的, in "我不喜欢吃蘋果的" just makes this fact sound firmer.  

---

