<p>I assume you're looking for how Chinese translated the technical terms, which according to the OED were invented by Oliver Wendell Holmes in 1846.  </p>

<p>Chinese has early claims for anesthetic compounds a couple of thousand years before this, going back to the hoary Hua Tuo.  Wikipedia's article on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_general_anesthesia" rel="nofollow">history of general anesthesia</a> has a few things about him. There is more in the article on the Japanese doctor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanaoka_Seish%C5%AB" rel="nofollow">Hanaoka Seishū</a>, reputedly the first person to perform an operation using general anesthesia. </p>

<p>Both of these articles represent Wikipedia at its least reliable (look at the references), and in any case are not about the medical practices which Holmes christened in the 19th century.</p>

<p>As the comment from 倪阔乐 above mentions, the word ma-yao appears in Shui-hu-chuan (late 16th cent.) as a name for a general type of drug that is probably something like knock-out drops. </p>

<p>Shui-hu-chuan calls the ma-yao in question 蒙汗藥 meng-han-yao, a drug which also appears in plays from the Yuan dynasty (13th cent). People who get dosed with 蒙汗藥 usually wind up as steamed meat buns in shops run by people you would not like to meet in a dark alley. Despite the claims of various dictionaries, I would not call this an anesthetic.</p>

<p>I would say that this is a difficult question, not an easy one. You will have to hunt around in early accounts for yourself, and this could be tough. The book <em>Anesthesia: Essays on its history</em> has a chapter by S. Yong called "History of Modern Anesthesia in China". Alas, it's only 3 pages long.  Clearly there's a lot to be done.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-30T14:27:35.797Z
2015-07-30T14:27:35.797Z
wpt
<p>Hua Tuo's (c. 140–208)innovative anaesthetic mafeisan 麻沸散 &quot;cannabis boiling powder&quot; is a long-standing mystery. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hua_Tuo" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hua_Tuo</a></p>
<p>麻沸散 claimed to be the first sort of anaesthetic, probably combined with surgical analgesia by acupuncture when in surgical practice.</p>
<p>Even the mystery lasts long, I would say neither the 麻醉 or 麻药 is a recent concept.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-31T05:40:18.333Z
Are you sure 麻沸 means "cannabis boiling"? Wikipedia does not reference this part so it seems dubious, also the formula for 麻沸散 has been lost, and none of the theorised formulas mention cannabis. If you're trying to draw a link using the 麻 in 麻沸散, but it's not clear what it actually meant, then your answer isn't well supported.
congusbongus
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-31T17:56:06.240Z
I do not have a very strong reference as you said the formula for 麻沸散 has been lost. So all we can do is to guess what was in there. I am not an expert on this subject but I know Cannabis has been widely used in medical treatment for the propers for reducing pain(during surgical operation) and relaxation since 3 bc https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)#cite_note-Booth2003-19.
So I do think cannabis is a possible ingredient the formula of 麻沸散, and hence 麻沸散 named after cannabis (大麻). Or at least that's what we were taught in school about the mystery of  麻沸散.
Meruemu
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-30T23:55:05.660Z
2015-07-30T23:55:05.660Z
2020-06-17T09:50:11.587Z
Meruemu
<p>I want to know how long 麻醉 and 麻药 have been compounded to mean anesthesia and anesthetic respectively.  What is the approximate date of the origin of those two Chinese words?  Are their origins relatively recent or relatively remote?  Is there a reference site online that has this information or a reference in book form?</p>

<etymology>
When did the words 麻醉 and 麻药 first appear?
# When did the words 麻醉 and 麻药 first appear?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2015-07-30)

I want to know how long 麻醉 and 麻药 have been compounded to mean anesthesia and anesthetic respectively. What is the approximate date of the origin of those two Chinese words? Are their origins relatively recent or relatively remote? Is there a reference site online that has this information or a reference in book form?

**Tags:** etymology


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## 2 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2015-07-30. Score: 4

I assume you're looking for how Chinese translated the technical terms, which according to the OED were invented by Oliver Wendell Holmes in 1846.

Chinese has early claims for anesthetic compounds a couple of thousand years before this, going back to the hoary Hua Tuo. Wikipedia's article on the [history of general anesthesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_general_anesthesia) has a few things about him. There is more in the article on the Japanese doctor [Hanaoka Seishū](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanaoka_Seish%C5%AB), reputedly the first person to perform an operation using general anesthesia.

Both of these articles represent Wikipedia at its least reliable (look at the references), and in any case are not about the medical practices which Holmes christened in the 19th century.

As the comment from 倪阔乐 above mentions, the word ma-yao appears in Shui-hu-chuan (late 16th cent.) as a name for a general type of drug that is probably something like knock-out drops.

Shui-hu-chuan calls the ma-yao in question 蒙汗藥 meng-han-yao, a drug which also appears in plays from the Yuan dynasty (13th cent). People who get dosed with 蒙汗藥 usually wind up as steamed meat buns in shops run by people you would not like to meet in a dark alley. Despite the claims of various dictionaries, I would not call this an anesthetic.

I would say that this is a difficult question, not an easy one. You will have to hunt around in early accounts for yourself, and this could be tough. The book *Anesthesia: Essays on its history* has a chapter by S. Yong called "History of Modern Anesthesia in China". Alas, it's only 3 pages long. Clearly there's a lot to be done.


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### Answer by username_2 on 2015-07-30. Score: 2

Hua Tuo's (c. 140–208)innovative anaesthetic mafeisan 麻沸散 "cannabis boiling powder" is a long-standing mystery. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hua_Tuo>

麻沸散 claimed to be the first sort of anaesthetic, probably combined with surgical analgesia by acupuncture when in surgical practice.

Even the mystery lasts long, I would say neither the 麻醉 or 麻药 is a recent concept.

> **Comments:**
> **username_3**: Are you sure 麻沸 means "cannabis boiling"? Wikipedia does not reference this part so it seems dubious, also the formula for 麻沸散 has been lost, and none of the theorised formulas mention cannabis. If you're trying to draw a link using the 麻 in 麻沸散, but it's not clear what it actually meant, then your answer isn't well supported.  
> **username_2**: I do not have a very strong reference as you said the formula for 麻沸散 has been lost. So all we can do is to guess what was in there. I am not an expert on this subject but I know Cannabis has been widely used in medical treatment for the propers for reducing pain(during surgical operation) and relaxation since 3 bc https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)#cite_note-Booth2003-19. So I do think cannabis is a possible ingredient the formula of 麻沸散, and hence 麻沸散 named after cannabis (大麻). Or at least that's what we were taught in school about the mystery of  麻沸散.  

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