<p>Usage of 了 (le)：</p>

<p><strong>A. auxiliary word (助词)</strong></p>

<p>A.1 used after verb or adj to indicate completion. This usage carries the same sense of "Perfect Tenses" in English.</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>Example: 我已经问了老王 / 人老了，身体差了 / 头发白了 / 这双鞋太小了 / 他打开了窗子</p>
</blockquote>

<p>A.2 used at the end of a sentence, or in the middle of sentence but right before a pause(usually a comma), to indicate current situation changed or new situation coming up.</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>Example: 刮风了 / 下班了 / 开学了 / 天亮了 / 雨大了</p>
</blockquote>

<p><strong>B. modal word (语气词)</strong></p>

<p>B.1 to indicate the mood of future certainty.</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>Example: 明天又是星期六了 / 要过新年了</p>
</blockquote>

<p>B.2 to indicate speeding up or stopping.</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>Example: 快躲了! / 别吵了! / 闪开了!</p>
</blockquote>

<p>B.3 to indicate interjection.</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>Example: 好了! / 累死了! / 弄疼我了!</p>
</blockquote>

<p><strong>C. Language Sense (语感)</strong></p>

<p>Each language has its own language sense. By language sense I mean something about language that you can feel if it is good or not. Language sense helps us to know the way how to speak a language in a smooth and natural way, as native speakers do.</p>

<p>For example, in Chinese, we can say: </p>

<blockquote>
  <p>屋里有张桌子，桌子上有几本书。</p>
</blockquote>

<p>But translated into English, it will become something like</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>There is a table in the room, and on <strong>the</strong> table there are some books.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>In this sentence, the 2nd "the" is needed. Why? Language sense. But in Chinese, there is no need of such article in front of the 2nd 桌子, and we all know that both the 1st and 2nd 桌子 refer to the same table.</p>

<p>Another example:</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>After finishing <strong>his</strong> lunch, he started running out of the house, but tripped on the doorsill and broke <strong>his</strong> leg.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>So why are the 2 "his's" needed? Language sense. Someone may argue that without the 2 "his's", we don't know whose lunch he ate, and whose leg he broke. True, but again why do we need those specifications in English? Language sense.</p>

<p>In Chinese we will say:</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>吃过午饭后，他向屋外跑去，可却绊在门槛上摔断了腿。</p>
</blockquote>

<p>See, here we don't say 吃过*<em>他的</em>*午饭, nor 摔断了*<em>他的</em>*腿, why? Language sense. If you say 吃过他的午饭后，他向屋外跑去，可却绊在门槛上摔断了他的腿, then it is not wrong, but it sounds very bad, as this is not the natural way native speakers speak.</p>

<p>Chinese is a contextual language, which means a lot info of sentences are hidden in the context. Chinese language also relies heavily on default info (缺省信息 or 默认信息). If no specific info expressed in sentences, then we just interpret them in the normal situation, by drawing info from the same sentence or from context. </p>

<p><strong>So in some cases, need of 了 is just language sense.</strong> You need to get yourself used to it and familiar with it. </p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2013-05-24T19:09:34.373Z
2013-05-24T19:09:34.373Z
孤影萍踪
<p>The two sentences in your example are the same. Native speakers usually use the latter, but if you use the former sentence no one will notice.</p>

<p>I'm not quite sure what a modal particle is so I will write some sentences ending in 了.Unlike the example, these 了 can't be omitted.</p>

<p>她八岁了。 She's eight years old now.</p>

<p>我们快要到家了。 We're almost home.</p>

<p>夏天快到了。 Summer is coming.</p>

<p>他已经走了。 He's already left.</p>

<p>学中文太容易了。 It's so easy to learn Chinese!</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2013-05-24T13:56:56.760Z
2013-05-24T13:56:56.760Z
arax
<p>I'm having a hard time understanding when to use 了 as a modal particle (instead of as an aspect particle). </p>

<p>For example, what is the difference between the following two sentences.</p>

<pre><code>现在几点？
现在几点了？
</code></pre>

<p>What are a few other examples of this usage of 了? </p>

<p>谢谢</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2013-05-24T17:44:23.777Z
I think this question is too broad to answer in a few pages. This topic should be already covered by textbooks, you should read one if you haven't yet. It will be much more answerable if you can scope it down.
NS.X.
CC BY-SA 3.0
2013-05-25T00:16:06.533Z
That's a good point. I'm in China right now and don't have access to a good textbook but I'm planning on getting a good one when I get back. Thx
amorimluc
<usage><particles>
How to use 了 as a modal particle?
# How to use 了 as a modal particle?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2013-05-24)

I'm having a hard time understanding when to use 了 as a modal particle (instead of as an aspect particle).

For example, what is the difference between the following two sentences.

```
现在几点？
现在几点了？

```

What are a few other examples of this usage of 了?

谢谢

**Tags:** usage, particles

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: I think this question is too broad to answer in a few pages. This topic should be already covered by textbooks, you should read one if you haven't yet. It will be much more answerable if you can scope it down.  
> **username_0**: That's a good point. I'm in China right now and don't have access to a good textbook but I'm planning on getting a good one when I get back. Thx  

---

## 2 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2013-05-24. Score: 5

Usage of 了 (le)：

**A. auxiliary word (助词)**

A.1 used after verb or adj to indicate completion. This usage carries the same sense of "Perfect Tenses" in English.

> Example: 我已经问了老王 / 人老了，身体差了 / 头发白了 / 这双鞋太小了 / 他打开了窗子

A.2 used at the end of a sentence, or in the middle of sentence but right before a pause(usually a comma), to indicate current situation changed or new situation coming up.

> Example: 刮风了 / 下班了 / 开学了 / 天亮了 / 雨大了

**B. modal word (语气词)**

B.1 to indicate the mood of future certainty.

> Example: 明天又是星期六了 / 要过新年了

B.2 to indicate speeding up or stopping.

> Example: 快躲了! / 别吵了! / 闪开了!

B.3 to indicate interjection.

> Example: 好了! / 累死了! / 弄疼我了!

**C. Language Sense (语感)**

Each language has its own language sense. By language sense I mean something about language that you can feel if it is good or not. Language sense helps us to know the way how to speak a language in a smooth and natural way, as native speakers do.

For example, in Chinese, we can say:

> 屋里有张桌子，桌子上有几本书。

But translated into English, it will become something like

> There is a table in the room, and on **the** table there are some books.

In this sentence, the 2nd "the" is needed. Why? Language sense. But in Chinese, there is no need of such article in front of the 2nd 桌子, and we all know that both the 1st and 2nd 桌子 refer to the same table.

Another example:

> After finishing **his** lunch, he started running out of the house, but tripped on the doorsill and broke **his** leg.

So why are the 2 "his's" needed? Language sense. Someone may argue that without the 2 "his's", we don't know whose lunch he ate, and whose leg he broke. True, but again why do we need those specifications in English? Language sense.

In Chinese we will say:

> 吃过午饭后，他向屋外跑去，可却绊在门槛上摔断了腿。

See, here we don't say 吃过\**他的*\*午饭, nor 摔断了\**他的*\*腿, why? Language sense. If you say 吃过他的午饭后，他向屋外跑去，可却绊在门槛上摔断了他的腿, then it is not wrong, but it sounds very bad, as this is not the natural way native speakers speak.

Chinese is a contextual language, which means a lot info of sentences are hidden in the context. Chinese language also relies heavily on default info (缺省信息 or 默认信息). If no specific info expressed in sentences, then we just interpret them in the normal situation, by drawing info from the same sentence or from context.

**So in some cases, need of 了 is just language sense.** You need to get yourself used to it and familiar with it.


---

### Answer by username_3 on 2013-05-24. Score: 1

The two sentences in your example are the same. Native speakers usually use the latter, but if you use the former sentence no one will notice.

I'm not quite sure what a modal particle is so I will write some sentences ending in 了.Unlike the example, these 了 can't be omitted.

她八岁了。 She's eight years old now.

我们快要到家了。 We're almost home.

夏天快到了。 Summer is coming.

他已经走了。 He's already left.

学中文太容易了。 It's so easy to learn Chinese!


---

