<p>As I know, everybody within the nation will be able to understand Mandarin, though some speak their own regional dialects. Very few people (typically very old people from southern area) have the hard time to speak mandarin (not fluent or even unable to speak), but they are still able to understand Mandarin you speak without any problems. I just met less than 10 people of this kind over 30 years, so just very few of them.</p>

<p>I speak Mandarin only and am having hard time to understand dialects from other regions: Cantonese, Min Nan, Shanghainese,etc. I will ask people to switch to Mandarin whenever they speak other dialects. It's not a problem.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-08-10T02:19:13.073Z
2017-08-10T02:19:13.073Z
dan
<p>For any non-mandarin speaker that doesn't understand the Mandarin culture, this is a common confusion.</p>

<p>This is the unique characteristic of Mandarin language: in Chinese culture, people tend to communicate through the Chinese writing, instead of speaking. The "Pu-tong-Hua 普通话"(China) or "华语“（Taiwan）is indeed a modern language that evolves from Beijing dialect with a history of no more than 200 years. While the official speech used by bureaucrats is called "官话”. But intellectuals are still communicating with each other using the Glyph. </p>

<p>Because China enters imperialism era way ahead of Europe (at least 1000 years), there is little need for "nationalism", i.e. to promote a single language nationwide.  Nevertheless, the nationalism process is on the way. It is no different than many countries that teach "national language" together with localized dialect. This takes time.</p>

<p>In fact, many countries still maintain localized dialect. However, phonetic language cannot retain the same literacy level of Chinese glyph, thus localized dialects are still confusing for other languages.   Nevertheless, localized regional terms still appear in various Chinese dialects that enter the language. </p>

<p>(update)
There is a book call  说文解字(shuo wen jie zhi) (written around year 100-121), which selects a number of words that user by various region. </p>

<p>The online <a href="http://www.zdic.net/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">zdic 汉典</a> contains reference to some localized dialect, under the section 音韵方言</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-08-09T23:16:10.670Z
May you give some interesting localized terms that stem from a certain dialect?  =)
Abe Shudug
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-08-10T07:23:22.443Z
"This is the unique characteristic of Mandarin language: in Chinese culture, people tend to communicate through the Chinese writing, instead of speaking." I don't think this statement is true, along with some other statements in this answer.
dan
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-08-10T10:01:46.090Z
@dan   There is a special terms that only apply to Mandarin, it is call 笔谈. Communication through writing.
mootmoot
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-08-10T13:10:34.227Z
@mootmoot, I'd never gone into 笔谈, and neither did people around. After a Baidu search, "定义：笔谈是指 汉字文化圈地域内不同语言知识分子相互交流的方法之一．主要使用汉字以及 文言文（汉文）的交流方式．这种方法的交流在近代以前尤为普遍，日本 江户时代的儒学者常和朝鲜通信使用汉字笔谈的方式来争论儒学问题，来自安南（ 越南）的使节与朝鲜使节互赠 汉诗。" It says some Japanese and Korean discussed the Confucianism through writing "笔谈". I guess it's because both can not speak Chinese, but somehow they know the ancient Chinese Characters.
dan
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-08-10T13:44:56.990Z
@dan Hong Kong Cantonese. And movie subtitle. ;-)
mootmoot
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-08-10T23:32:24.083Z
Anyways, 笔谈 isn't common, especially in today's modern society.
dan
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-08-11T08:12:31.923Z
@dan Today, the practices are more common than you imagine, you can make 笔谈 with a person in Hong Kong using SMS, whatsapp, facebook, etc, and do the same with a Taiwanese that insist to speak Min-Nan.
mootmoot
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-08-12T01:08:32.123Z
@mootmoot, it could be common as an activity, which is popular in some areas: Hong Kong, Taiwanese. That doesn't mean your statement is valid, "phonetic language cannot retain the same literacy level of Chinese glyph," and 
"This is the unique characteristic of Mandarin language: in Chinese culture, people tend to communicate through the Chinese writing, instead of speaking."
dan
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-08-12T02:24:51.280Z
This is as the WeChat (an application) we use for communicating in all respects. But it doesn't prove phonetic language could not retain the same literacy level of Chinese glyph.
dan
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-08-14T07:52:25.043Z
@dan Perhaps you should post your question on such topics, I am interested to know.
mootmoot
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-08-09T15:22:53.997Z
2017-08-10T09:59:28.397Z
2017-08-10T09:59:28.397Z
mootmoot
<p>I'm hoping to be able to provide better service to some Chinese customers I occasionally see at my night job (hardware store) who have difficulty describing what they're looking for in English. I can't be sure what variety they speak (and if they speak a regional dialect of Mandarin, I would still be up a creek), and anecdotally, I gather that some Chinese immigrants in the US do not speak Mandarin fluently.</p>

<p>From what I understand, one of the difficulties of studying non-Mandarin languages such as Yue, Wu, or Min Nan is the fact that speakers of those varieties, from having to read Mandarin in everyday life, simply read and write Mandarin while speaking their own dialect.</p>

<p>Is this the common experience among Chinese immigrants? If so, I think I could focus particularly on reading and writing, which I'm already better at than speaking and listening, and have more of a guarantee of communicating effectively.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-08-09T15:05:42.057Z
It seems your confusion has nothing to do with society literature level.
mootmoot
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-08-10T01:02:25.783Z
you only need study Mandrin, when you speak Mandarin, your customer will switch to speak Mandrin too. Most Chinese can speak Mandarin, but when all audiences are his neighbours, he speak his dialect only,
Daniel Yang
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-08-11T19:51:05.037Z
Thank you, @DanielYeung! I'm sure, then, that a young Chinese immigrant (i.e., educated in the PRC) would understand and be willing to communicate in Mandarin with me, whatever he may speak at home. Now the question becomes, would he rather read/write in Mandarin than speak in English, since I'm still a bit more fluent in writing than speech...
JAF
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-08-12T01:57:07.427Z
@JAF well, you could write first or type in your phone. I have a colleague, who traveled in China, bargaining with a Taxi driver by typing the numbers in the calculator on his phone. He don't know any Chinese words. :)
dan
<topolect>
On average, how literate in Mandarin are overseas Chinese?
# On average, how literate in Mandarin are overseas Chinese?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2017-08-09)

I'm hoping to be able to provide better service to some Chinese customers I occasionally see at my night job (hardware store) who have difficulty describing what they're looking for in English. I can't be sure what variety they speak (and if they speak a regional dialect of Mandarin, I would still be up a creek), and anecdotally, I gather that some Chinese immigrants in the US do not speak Mandarin fluently.

From what I understand, one of the difficulties of studying non-Mandarin languages such as Yue, Wu, or Min Nan is the fact that speakers of those varieties, from having to read Mandarin in everyday life, simply read and write Mandarin while speaking their own dialect.

Is this the common experience among Chinese immigrants? If so, I think I could focus particularly on reading and writing, which I'm already better at than speaking and listening, and have more of a guarantee of communicating effectively.

**Tags:** topolect

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: It seems your confusion has nothing to do with society literature level.  
> **username_2**: you only need study Mandrin, when you speak Mandarin, your customer will switch to speak Mandrin too. Most Chinese can speak Mandarin, but when all audiences are his neighbours, he speak his dialect only,  
> **username_0**: Thank you, @DanielYeung! I'm sure, then, that a young Chinese immigrant (i.e., educated in the PRC) would understand and be willing to communicate in Mandarin with me, whatever he may speak at home. Now the question becomes, would he rather read/write in Mandarin than speak in English, since I'm still a bit more fluent in writing than speech...  
> **username_3**: @username_0 well, you could write first or type in your phone. I have a colleague, who traveled in China, bargaining with a Taxi driver by typing the numbers in the calculator on his phone. He don't know any Chinese words. :)  

---

## 2 answers

### Answer by username_3 on 2017-08-10. Score: 2

As I know, everybody within the nation will be able to understand Mandarin, though some speak their own regional dialects. Very few people (typically very old people from southern area) have the hard time to speak mandarin (not fluent or even unable to speak), but they are still able to understand Mandarin you speak without any problems. I just met less than 10 people of this kind over 30 years, so just very few of them.

I speak Mandarin only and am having hard time to understand dialects from other regions: Cantonese, Min Nan, Shanghainese,etc. I will ask people to switch to Mandarin whenever they speak other dialects. It's not a problem.


---

### Answer by username_1 on 2017-08-09. Score: 2

For any non-mandarin speaker that doesn't understand the Mandarin culture, this is a common confusion.

This is the unique characteristic of Mandarin language: in Chinese culture, people tend to communicate through the Chinese writing, instead of speaking. The "Pu-tong-Hua 普通话"(China) or "华语“（Taiwan）is indeed a modern language that evolves from Beijing dialect with a history of no more than 200 years. While the official speech used by bureaucrats is called "官话”. But intellectuals are still communicating with each other using the Glyph.

Because China enters imperialism era way ahead of Europe (at least 1000 years), there is little need for "nationalism", i.e. to promote a single language nationwide. Nevertheless, the nationalism process is on the way. It is no different than many countries that teach "national language" together with localized dialect. This takes time.

In fact, many countries still maintain localized dialect. However, phonetic language cannot retain the same literacy level of Chinese glyph, thus localized dialects are still confusing for other languages. Nevertheless, localized regional terms still appear in various Chinese dialects that enter the language.

(update)
There is a book call 说文解字(shuo wen jie zhi) (written around year 100-121), which selects a number of words that user by various region.

The online [zdic 汉典](http://www.zdic.net/) contains reference to some localized dialect, under the section 音韵方言

> **Comments:**
> **username_4**: May you give some interesting localized terms that stem from a certain dialect?  =)  
> **username_3**: "This is the unique characteristic of Mandarin language: in Chinese culture, people tend to communicate through the Chinese writing, instead of speaking." I don't think this statement is true, along with some other statements in this answer.  
> **username_1**: @username_3   There is a special terms that only apply to Mandarin, it is call 笔谈. Communication through writing.  
> **username_3**: @username_1, I'd never gone into 笔谈, and neither did people around. After a Baidu search, "定义：笔谈是指 汉字文化圈地域内不同语言知识分子相互交流的方法之一．主要使用汉字以及 文言文（汉文）的交流方式．这种方法的交流在近代以前尤为普遍，日本 江户时代的儒学者常和朝鲜通信使用汉字笔谈的方式来争论儒学问题，来自安南（ 越南）的使节与朝鲜使节互赠 汉诗。" It says some Japanese and Korean discussed the Confucianism through writing "笔谈". I guess it's because both can not speak Chinese, but somehow they know the ancient Chinese Characters.  
> **username_1**: @username_3 Hong Kong Cantonese. And movie subtitle. ;-)  
> **username_3**: Anyways, 笔谈 isn't common, especially in today's modern society.  
> **username_1**: @username_3 Today, the practices are more common than you imagine, you can make 笔谈 with a person in Hong Kong using SMS, whatsapp, facebook, etc, and do the same with a Taiwanese that insist to speak Min-Nan.  
> **username_3**: @username_1, it could be common as an activity, which is popular in some areas: Hong Kong, Taiwanese. That doesn't mean your statement is valid, "phonetic language cannot retain the same literacy level of Chinese glyph," and  "This is the unique characteristic of Mandarin language: in Chinese culture, people tend to communicate through the Chinese writing, instead of speaking."  
> **username_3**: This is as the WeChat (an application) we use for communicating in all respects. But it doesn't prove phonetic language could not retain the same literacy level of Chinese glyph.  
> **username_1**: @username_3 Perhaps you should post your question on such topics, I am interested to know.  

---

