<blockquote>
  <p><em>In what cases must I use 了 and in what cases not?</em></p>
</blockquote>

<ul>
<li><p>You use 了 when you must indicate the verb is 'completed'</p></li>
<li><p>you don't need 了 when you don't need to indicate the verb is completed</p></li>
</ul>

<p>From my answer to another <a href="https://chinese.stackexchange.com/questions/33267/proper-participle">post</a></p>

<blockquote>
  <p>The verb particle 了 denotes the "completion" aspect of the verb</p>
  
  <ul>
  <li><p>经历風浪 = [going through crisis] (In this sentence, the verb 经历 (to experience) may or may not had been completed</p></li>
  <li><p>经历 (了) 風浪 indicates [the verb 经历 in "experience crisis" is completed]</p></li>
  </ul>
</blockquote>

<p>One more example:</p>

<ul>
<li>吃水餃 = eat dumplings (we don't know you are going to eat dumplings, in the process of eating dumplings or done eating dumplings )</li>
</ul>

<p>The proof is 吃水餃 can be the answer for any of the following questions:</p>

<p>Q1: "你現在要幹什麼?" (What are you going to do now?)</p>

<p>A1: "吃水餃" (or 我現在要吃水餃)</p>

<p>Q2: "你在幹什麼?" (what are you doing?)</p>

<p>A2: "吃水餃" (or 我在吃水餃)</p>

<p>Q3: "你幹了什麼?" (What have you done?)</p>

<p>A3: "吃水餃" (or 我吃了水餃)</p>

<ul>
<li>吃了水餃 = has eaten dumplings (we know the verb 吃 is completed, you have done eating)</li>
</ul>

<p>It can only be an answer to Q3, but not Q1 or Q2</p>

<p>Even more example:</p>

<p>If you only say "做菜請客", it doesn't matter if you are in the middle of cooking or the cooking is done, the sentence would be correct; If you say "做了菜請客", it can only mean the cooking is done and the dishes are ready</p>

<p><em>This answer focus on the relationship between verb and the verb particle了.</em></p>

<p><em>了 as a final particle has other functions. It denotes a sentence has ended; indicating change of situation,  ; serve to soften the tone of a sentence; express different emotions in speech depend on pitch and tone</em> </p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-03-17T11:30:49.203Z
2019-03-19T03:52:06.143Z
2019-03-19T03:52:06.143Z
Tang Ho
<p>Although I am a native speaker of Chinese, I find it almost impossible to provide the list of rules you want. That's not the way we speak. What your teacher says sounds reasonable. My suggestion is getting over it and moving on with your learning process. In my opinion, it's meaningless to struggle with details like that. You know the basic rules. That's enough. Keep learning and one day you will accumulate enough experience to use it properly and automatically.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-03-21T14:43:32.280Z
Such a typical Chinese answer... "你要多听多说"... bs
Enrico Brasil
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-03-17T10:48:42.410Z
2019-03-17T10:48:42.410Z
李新潍
<p>When saying something in the past tense, in what cases must I use le 了 and in what cases not? </p>

<p>I'm studying this right now in my Chinese class and it is a complete mindfuck. I don't know in what cases its use is compulsory, in what cases you must not use it (despite talking about past actions) and use instead some time adverbs or some other structure or just not using anything, and in what cases it is optional. It is very confusing when in every single sentence, according to a thousand factors, have to (or have not to) use le 了.</p>

<p>I would really appreciate if someone could list me detailed, foolproof rules of the use of le 了. I see it as something really ambiguous and diffuse and my teacher says each Chinese person uses it as they please.</p>

<p>Thank you so much in advance for your help!</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-03-17T13:42:03.477Z
Tang Ho s post is very informative~ 了 actually doesn't indicate past tense  but perfect tense（or discard "tense" in Chinese, the completion of an action）. It can be used in sentences talking about past/present/future. E.g. -你明早什么安排？-吃了早饭就去上班。（future） -了结了最后的心愿他才安然辞世。（past） -他一般做了作业才出来玩。（present）
Toosky Hierot
<grammar>
In what cases must I use 了 and in what cases not?
# In what cases must I use 了 and in what cases not?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2019-03-17)

When saying something in the past tense, in what cases must I use le 了 and in what cases not?

I'm studying this right now in my Chinese class and it is a complete mindfuck. I don't know in what cases its use is compulsory, in what cases you must not use it (despite talking about past actions) and use instead some time adverbs or some other structure or just not using anything, and in what cases it is optional. It is very confusing when in every single sentence, according to a thousand factors, have to (or have not to) use le 了.

I would really appreciate if someone could list me detailed, foolproof rules of the use of le 了. I see it as something really ambiguous and diffuse and my teacher says each Chinese person uses it as they please.

Thank you so much in advance for your help!

**Tags:** grammar

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: username_2 Ho s post is very informative~ 了 actually doesn't indicate past tense  but perfect tense（or discard "tense" in Chinese, the completion of an action）. It can be used in sentences talking about past/present/future. E.g. -你明早什么安排？-吃了早饭就去上班。（future） -了结了最后的心愿他才安然辞世。（past） -他一般做了作业才出来玩。（present）  

---

## 2 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2019-03-17. Score: 7

> *In what cases must I use 了 and in what cases not?*

* You use 了 when you must indicate the verb is 'completed'
* you don't need 了 when you don't need to indicate the verb is completed

From my answer to another [post](https://chinese.stackexchange.com/questions/33267/proper-participle)

> The verb particle 了 denotes the "completion" aspect of the verb
>
> * 经历風浪 = [going through crisis] (In this sentence, the verb 经历 (to experience) may or may not had been completed
> * 经历 (了) 風浪 indicates [the verb 经历 in "experience crisis" is completed]

One more example:

* 吃水餃 = eat dumplings (we don't know you are going to eat dumplings, in the process of eating dumplings or done eating dumplings )

The proof is 吃水餃 can be the answer for any of the following questions:

Q1: "你現在要幹什麼?" (What are you going to do now?)

A1: "吃水餃" (or 我現在要吃水餃)

Q2: "你在幹什麼?" (what are you doing?)

A2: "吃水餃" (or 我在吃水餃)

Q3: "你幹了什麼?" (What have you done?)

A3: "吃水餃" (or 我吃了水餃)

* 吃了水餃 = has eaten dumplings (we know the verb 吃 is completed, you have done eating)

It can only be an answer to Q3, but not Q1 or Q2

Even more example:

If you only say "做菜請客", it doesn't matter if you are in the middle of cooking or the cooking is done, the sentence would be correct; If you say "做了菜請客", it can only mean the cooking is done and the dishes are ready

*This answer focus on the relationship between verb and the verb particle了.*

*了 as a final particle has other functions. It denotes a sentence has ended; indicating change of situation, ; serve to soften the tone of a sentence; express different emotions in speech depend on pitch and tone*


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### Answer by username_3 on 2019-03-17. Score: 6

Although I am a native speaker of Chinese, I find it almost impossible to provide the list of rules you want. That's not the way we speak. What your teacher says sounds reasonable. My suggestion is getting over it and moving on with your learning process. In my opinion, it's meaningless to struggle with details like that. You know the basic rules. That's enough. Keep learning and one day you will accumulate enough experience to use it properly and automatically.

> **Comments:**
> **username_4**: Such a typical Chinese answer... "你要多听多说"... bs  

---

