<p>This answer belongs to Stan. Since he is not able to post, I'll write it up for him.</p>

<p>In the phrase 产业结构优化等优势, the word 等 indicates that 产业结构优化 is just one of several 优势.  The word 等 does not require several items to be listed before you use it; instead, it can illustrate one of a range of possibilities.</p>

<p>Translating this into English, I might try using a 非限定子句 'non-defining relative clause': </p>

<p>"The first two divergences can be interpreted as a gradual manifestation of competitive advantages, <strong>such as</strong> optimized industry structure."</p>

<p>NS.X explains in the comments above that 背離 is some sort of investment jargon for the word "divergence".  Be wary of my translation; I can't understand the technical side of the article at all.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-27T11:30:02.993Z
for the 背离 part, yes it is translated as divergence, I didn't post the complete article so I guess it lacked context. If you are interested you can read it here: http://m.eeo.com.cn/2015/0715/277868.shtml
Lex
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-27T20:39:35.217Z
just to be clear - A、B等C never limits instances of C to just A and B?  there are some times when it's not clear that the non-limiting "such as" is necessarily the way to go...
Master Sparkles
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-28T00:05:31.027Z
I need some examples to really undestand what you have in mind.  Maybe I'll check out the chatroom for the next couple of days to see if people want to discuss this.
wpt
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-08-01T16:46:04.823Z
I'm thinking of things like "泸市发改〔2014〕556号. 委内各科（室、局、中心）：. 王国伟、张万军、王勇等三名同志": does that mean Wang/Zhang/Wang are the three comrades, or are there three other comrades?  I think it's the former, in which case it becomes dangerous to assume that 等 is always non-limiting.
Master Sparkles
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-08-02T00:49:18.060Z
A good example. If you have time, I suggest raising this as a question, I think this would interest a lot of people.
wpt
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-27T11:14:16.443Z
2015-07-27T11:14:16.443Z
wpt
<p>From the economic observer:</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>前两个背离可以理解为经济结构调整过程中，产业结构优化<strong>等</strong>优势逐步显现</p>
</blockquote>

<p>As far as I know, 等 means either wait or it is either used to end a list of objects.</p>

<p>This sentence is also quite technical itself, so it's possible that the reason I didn't understand this sentence lies in another word.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-26T07:06:21.407Z
It means "... and so on", "etc."
Stan
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-26T07:17:28.150Z
Yes but if I try to translate it, it becomes: the optimization of the industrial structure and so on. The advantages are slowly becoming clear. I intuitively know what is trying to say but I still can't link these two parts together
Lex
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-26T08:08:40.413Z
"The advantages like the industrial structure optimization are slowly becoming clear." may sound more natural in English. The problem may be, when you use "and so on" to end a list of items, readers will expect there're more than two items (am I right?). For the expression 产业结构优化等优势, 产业结构优化 is actually one example of 优势, so, instead of using "advantages such as X and so on", I think "advantage like X" will work.
Stan
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-26T09:09:18.977Z
Thank you now it is clear! It's as you said, I expected at least two items. If you put this comment as an answer I will select it as best answer
Lex
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-26T13:48:07.557Z
Interesting example of jargon; 背離 as a count noun, first time I ever saw that. A 5 on my weirdcrapometer.
wpt
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-26T17:44:29.013Z
@wpt It is a common financial (esp. stock market) terminology for 'divergence' referring to the one between price and value. E.g. 苹果公司利润上升，股价却下跌，形成了一个背离。
NS.X.
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-26T23:21:35.377Z
Thanks!  Yes, it looks like it developed out of the MACD metric, but why not use standard math terminology 差異?
wpt
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-27T00:26:16.447Z
@Lex sorry but I'm using a cellphone. Not convenient to edit an answer.
Stan
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-27T10:29:54.407Z
why do people not "answer" but "comment"?
jf328
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-27T17:44:32.897Z
IMO this sentence is not composed very well
shenkwen
<meaning-in-context>
What does 等 mean in ...产业结构优化等优势逐步显现?
# What does 等 mean in ...产业结构优化等优势逐步显现?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2015-07-26)

From the economic observer:

> 前两个背离可以理解为经济结构调整过程中，产业结构优化**等**优势逐步显现

As far as I know, 等 means either wait or it is either used to end a list of objects.

This sentence is also quite technical itself, so it's possible that the reason I didn't understand this sentence lies in another word.

**Tags:** meaning-in-context

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: It means "... and so on", "etc."  
> **username_0**: Yes but if I try to translate it, it becomes: the optimization of the industrial structure and so on. The advantages are slowly becoming clear. I intuitively know what is trying to say but I still can't link these two parts together  
> **username_1**: "The advantages like the industrial structure optimization are slowly becoming clear." may sound more natural in English. The problem may be, when you use "and so on" to end a list of items, readers will expect there're more than two items (am I right?). For the expression 产业结构优化等优势, 产业结构优化 is actually one example of 优势, so, instead of using "advantages such as X and so on", I think "advantage like X" will work.  
> **username_0**: Thank you now it is clear! It's as you said, I expected at least two items. If you put this comment as an answer I will select it as best answer  
> **username_2**: Interesting example of jargon; 背離 as a count noun, first time I ever saw that. A 5 on my weirdcrapometer.  
> **username_3**: @username_2 It is a common financial (esp. stock market) terminology for 'divergence' referring to the one between price and value. E.g. 苹果公司利润上升，股价却下跌，形成了一个背离。  
> **username_2**: Thanks!  Yes, it looks like it developed out of the MACD metric, but why not use standard math terminology 差異?  
> **username_1**: @username_0 sorry but I'm using a cellphone. Not convenient to edit an answer.  
> **username_4**: why do people not "answer" but "comment"?  
> **username_5**: IMO this sentence is not composed very well  

---

## 1 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2015-07-27. Score: 7 | Accepted answer

This answer belongs to username_1. Since he is not able to post, I'll write it up for him.

In the phrase 产业结构优化等优势, the word 等 indicates that 产业结构优化 is just one of several 优势. The word 等 does not require several items to be listed before you use it; instead, it can illustrate one of a range of possibilities.

Translating this into English, I might try using a 非限定子句 'non-defining relative clause':

"The first two divergences can be interpreted as a gradual manifestation of competitive advantages, **such as** optimized industry structure."

NS.X explains in the comments above that 背離 is some sort of investment jargon for the word "divergence". Be wary of my translation; I can't understand the technical side of the article at all.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: for the 背离 part, yes it is translated as divergence, I didn't post the complete article so I guess it lacked context. If you are interested you can read it here: http://m.eeo.com.cn/2015/0715/277868.shtml  
> **username_6**: just to be clear - A、B等C never limits instances of C to just A and B?  there are some times when it's not clear that the non-limiting "such as" is necessarily the way to go...  
> **username_2**: I need some examples to really undestand what you have in mind.  Maybe I'll check out the chatroom for the next couple of days to see if people want to discuss this.  
> **username_6**: I'm thinking of things like "泸市发改〔2014〕556号. 委内各科（室、局、中心）：. 王国伟、张万军、王勇等三名同志": does that mean Wang/Zhang/Wang are the three comrades, or are there three other comrades?  I think it's the former, in which case it becomes dangerous to assume that 等 is always non-limiting.  
> **username_2**: A good example. If you have time, I suggest raising this as a question, I think this would interest a lot of people.  

---

