<p>Nouns denote things, physical or abstract. Based on the primitive properties of the things (this perception may vary according to socio-cultural background), we distinguish between &quot;discrete nouns&quot; and &quot;non-discrete nouns&quot;.</p>
<p>Nouns denoting physical things are usually discrete nouns. For example: an apple, a book, a tree, an aeroplane..., etc. These things come with discrete shapes or forms.</p>
<p>Nouns denoting abstract things are compact nouns (at the other extreme, as opposed to being discrete). For example: health, peace, poetry, philosophy, biology..., etc. These things have no discrete froms.</p>
<p>In between, there is another category of non-discrete nouns which we can call &quot;dense nouns&quot;. For example, water, wine, sand, hair..., etc. By &quot;in between&quot;, we mean that, like compact nouns, these things have no discrete forms, but can be &quot;separated&quot; and &quot;measured&quot; using another thing which has a form. For example, &quot;a glass of water&quot;, &quot;a bottle of wine&quot;, &quot;a spade of sand&quot;. This &quot;other thing&quot; serves as kind of measure. As such, it can be called a &quot;measure word&quot;.</p>
<p>To indicate a discrete object in English, we use &quot;a + thing&quot;. In Chinese, we use &quot;classifier + thing&quot;. The classifier is related to the discrete form of the object: 条 for linear objects, 块 for flat and hard objects, 粒 for small and roundish objects..., etc. It depends very much on people's perceptual habits and sometimes can be quite arbitrary. Indeed, classifiers vary from dialects to dialects.</p>
<p>When we use a non-discrete noun with a measurable quantity in Chinese, we can use 些 or 点: 他喝了些酒，我买了点橄榄油. In this case, 些/点 acts like a measure word, only that it does not have a form. It just indicates a &quot;measurable quantity&quot;.</p>
<p>When we use 些/点 with a discrete noun, the idea of &quot;measurable quantity&quot; will override the idea of &quot;discreteness&quot;: 我刚吃了点水果，他们养了些鸡和鸭.</p>
<p>Therefore:</p>
<ul>
<li>Classifiers are used only with discrete nouns.</li>
<li>When a classifier is used, the idea of &quot;discreteness&quot; prevails.
<br><br></li>
<li>些/点 can be used with non-discrete nouns as well as discrete nouns.</li>
<li>When 些/点 is used, the idea of &quot;measurable quantity&quot; prevails.
<br><br></li>
<li>Measure words (which come with forms) can be used with non-discrete nouns as well as discrete nouns.</li>
<li>When a measure word is used, the &quot;measurable quantity&quot; is a function of the &quot;form&quot; of the measure word (i.e. 一车苹果， 两包米).</li>
</ul>

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2020-07-22T02:56:10.783Z
Yes, it should be 块. Thanks for your comment.
KK_Tse
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2020-07-22T18:50:10.033Z
Technically, I believe in "些/点 with a discrete noun, the idea of "measurable quantity" will override the idea of discreteness", adding 些 does not override the idea of discreteness but just allows for the grouping of distinct (still) discrete units.
Puco4
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2020-07-23T00:34:46.087Z
It is an interesting point. I just want to highlight that "些/点 + discrete noun" does not indicate an aggregate of objects. It simply applies a "non null quantity" to the thing. If we say 他吃了些/点苹果, the quantity can be "a few slices", which is less than that of a discrete apple.
KK_Tse
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2020-07-23T06:57:13.463Z
Ah, interesting! I haven't thought about this. I guess this happens too in English when we say *do you want some apple?*.
Puco4
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2020-07-21T14:58:47.590Z
2020-07-22T02:56:40.787Z
2020-07-22T02:56:40.787Z
KK_Tse
<p>To me, <em>classifiers</em> belongs to <em>measure words</em>.  In other words, <em>classifiers</em> is a type of <em>measure words</em>. The idea of <em>classifiers</em> offers a way to construct a <em>type</em> in order to count that type of things.  The essential is just for <em>measuring</em>.</p>
<p>That could be the reason why we don't usually distinguish the two terms in practice.  And in Chinese, we'd mark it as 量词 all the time and no one cares whether it would fall into its subset 分类词 because it doesn't affect any semantics so they don't want to waste their effort to further trace down  technically.</p>
<p>I'm not sure if you should distinguish the difference between <em>classifiers</em> and <em>measure words</em> in English.  That seems to be an English question.</p>
<p>My two cents.</p>

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2020-07-20T23:24:38.820Z
2020-07-21T15:06:33.473Z
2020-07-21T15:06:33.473Z
dan
<p>May be due to my Cantonese background I have a different understanding of the difference between 'classifier' and 'measure word as Chinese grammar terms.</p>
<p>For me, classifier classifies objects, base on their shape, size, substance, grouping, and so on. e.g. 一條魚，一粒米， 一灘水， 一盒餅</p>
<p>A classifier itself is not a measure word until it is used with a counting word.</p>
<p>In other words, &quot;measure word' is another name for [quantifier/ counting word + classifier], e.g. 幾條魚，兩粒米</p>
<p>~</p>
<p>Cantonese Example of classifier used as the determiner 'this':</p>
<p><strong>條</strong>魚好新鮮 - <strong>this</strong> (stick of) fish is very fresh</p>
<p>邊<strong>條</strong>好新鮮?  - which <strong>stick</strong> (of fish) is very fresh?</p>
<p><strong>嚿</strong>肉丸好硬 - <strong>this</strong> (piece of) meatball is very hard</p>
<p>呢<strong>嚿</strong>就好軟 - this <strong>piece</strong> (of meatball)  is very soft</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-07-20T14:35:27.030Z
2020-07-21T07:23:12.260Z
2020-07-21T07:23:12.260Z
Tang Ho
<p>All the other answers were very insightful. I also find appropriate to reference the instructive Wikipedia entry for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_classifier" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Chinese classifier</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The terms <strong>classifier</strong> and <strong>measure word</strong> are <em>frequently used interchangeably</em> (as equivalent to the Chinese term 量词 (量詞) liàngcí, which literally means &quot;measure word&quot;). Sometimes, however, the two are <em>distinguished</em>, with <strong>classifier</strong> denoting a <em>particle without any particular meaning of its own</em> and <strong>measure word</strong> denoting a <em>word for a particular quantity or measurement of something</em>, such as &quot;drop&quot;, &quot;cupful&quot;, or &quot;liter&quot;. The latter type also includes certain words denoting lengths of time, units of currency, etc. These two types are alternatively called <strong>count-classifier</strong> and <strong>mass-classifier</strong>, since the first type can only meaningfully be used with <em>count nouns</em> [nouns organized in discrete units, such as apples], while the second is used particularly with <em>mass nouns</em> [nouns organized in continuous units, such as water or rice].</p>
<p>The <strong>difference</strong> between <strong>count-classifiers</strong> and <strong>mass-classifiers</strong> can be described as one of <em>quantifying</em> versus <em>categorizing</em>: in other words, <em>mass-classifiers create a unit by which to measure something</em> (i.e. boxes, groups, chunks, pieces, etc.), whereas <em>count-classifiers simply name an existing item</em>. Most words can appear with both count-classifiers and mass-classifiers; for example, pizza can be described as both 一张比萨 (yì zhāng bǐsà, &quot;one pizza&quot;, literally &quot;one pie of pizza&quot;), using a count-classifier, and as 一块比萨 (yí kuài bǐsà, &quot;one piece of pizza&quot;), using a mass-classifier. In addition to these semantic differences, <em>there are differences in the grammatical behaviors</em> of count-classifiers and mass-classifiers; for example, mass-classifiers may be modified by a small set of adjectives (as in 一大群人 yí dà qún rén, &quot;a big crowd of people&quot;), whereas count-classifiers usually may not (for example, *一大个人 yí dà ge rén is never said for &quot;a big person&quot;; instead the adjective must modify the noun: 一个大人 yí ge dà rén). Another difference is that <em>count-classifiers may often be replaced by a &quot;general&quot; classifier</em> 个 (個), gè <em>with no apparent change in meaning</em>, whereas mass-classifiers may not. Syntacticians Lisa Cheng and Rint Sybesma propose that count-classifiers and mass-classifiers have different underlying syntactic structures, with count-classifiers forming &quot;classifier phrases&quot;, and mass-classifiers being a sort of relative clause that only looks like a classifier phrase. <em>The distinction between count-classifiers and mass-classifiers is often unclear</em>, however, and other linguists have suggested that count-classifiers and mass-classifiers may not be fundamentally different. They posit that &quot;count-classifier&quot; and &quot;mass-classifier&quot; are the extremes of a continuum, with most classifiers falling somewhere in between.</p>
<p>Researchers have differing views as to <strong>how count-classifier – noun pairings arise</strong>: some regard them as being based on <em>innate semantic</em> features of the noun (for example, all nouns denoting &quot;long&quot; objects take a certain classifier because of their inherent longness), while others see them as motivated more by analogy to <em>prototypical pairings</em> (for example, &quot;dictionary&quot; comes to take the same classifier as the more common word &quot;book&quot;).  The use of classifiers did not become a mandatory part of Old Chinese grammar until around 1100 CE. Some nouns became associated with specific classifiers earlier than others; the earliest probably being nouns that signified culturally valued items such as horses and poems. Many words that are classifiers today started out as full nouns; in some cases their meanings have been gradually bleached away so that they are now used only as classifiers.</p>
</blockquote>
<hr />
<p>I also found curious the case of <strong>words which are their own classifiers</strong> (or count-classifier), such as 天 (day) or 年 (year). Thus we say:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>一天</p>
<p>one day</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Instead, these <em>still accept an additional measure word</em> (or mass-classifier):</p>
<blockquote>
<p>一<strong>些</strong>天</p>
<p>a few days</p>
</blockquote>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-07-22T18:39:10.990Z
2020-07-22T18:51:56.440Z
2020-07-22T18:51:56.440Z
Puco4
<p>Yes, there is a slight difference (although it appears there's no complete consensus on this).</p>
<p>A classifier, in linguistics (not just in Mandarin), is a word or morpheme used to express that a countable noun belongs to a semantic class. Here &quot;semantic class&quot; means a category of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referent" rel="nofollow noreferrer">referents</a> with some common traits; if we think about how classifiers work in Chinese, this is easy to understand.</p>
<p>For example, the classifier 条 is used for long, narrow and flexible objects. So when we say:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>一条鱼</p>
</blockquote>
<p>we are implying that the fish belongs to a class of things that, more or less, share the same properties: long, narrow and flexible. That is the semantic class, and that's why the classifier is called <em>classifier</em>.</p>
<p>Therefore, by using a different classifier, we offer a different classification of that object. When we say:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>一群鱼</p>
</blockquote>
<p>we are conveying that fish belongs to the category, or class, of things that go in &quot;groups&quot; (in &quot;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoaling_and_schooling" rel="nofollow noreferrer">schools</a>&quot; actually!!!).</p>
<p>Now, English does have measure words: these are mostly nouns with their own meaning that work as units of measurement for <strong>mass nouns</strong>, which are not countable. They come in the form <code>a something of &lt;noun&gt;</code>. Let's consider the word <em>water</em>. In English we can't <em>count</em> it (&quot;one water&quot;, &quot;two waters&quot;). So when we need to quantify a certain amount of water, we have to use a word that describes a precise unit of measurement, for example:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>a <em>drop</em> of water</p>
<p>a <em>liter</em> of water</p>
<p>an <em>ocean</em> of water</p>
</blockquote>
<hr> 
<p>This definition of measure words works in Chinese too. The difference being that in Chinese there are classifiers proper <em>and</em> measure words. So what's actually the difference?</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Classifiers are not standalone words, they <strong>don't have meaning</strong> on their own; and as in English, they still can't accompany mass nouns (consider 两个水 vs 两升水)</p>
</li>
<li><p>Measure words are words with a precise meaning, which can also work as <strong>units of measurement</strong>; and they can accompany mass nouns.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/%7Eosh/C-M_Distinction.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Her and Hsieh, On the Semantic Distinction between Classifiers and
Measure Words in Chinese</a> propose also the following definitions, based on tests to appraise whether a certain counter word is a classifier or a measure word:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Classifiers classify or categorize nouns by highlighting some salient or inherent properties of the noun and thus contribute no additional meaning.</p>
<p>Measure words, on the other hand, play a substantive role in denoting the quantity of the entity named by the noun.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>So, saying 一条鱼 does not add new information to what we already know about a fish. A fish is inherently a long and flexible object (mostly; an inflated puffer fish maybe is not &quot;long&quot;). Hence, 条 is a classifier proper. Whereas saying 一箱鱼 does add new information, we are saying that the fish comes in crates, where fish, in itself, doesn't inherently come in crates. Hence, in this example 箱 is a measure word.</p>
<p>In conclusion, classifiers proper stress the <strong>existence of an essential feature</strong> of the counted noun, whereas measure words stress a <strong>transient, not inherent (accidental)</strong> numerical feature.</p>

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2020-07-20T12:20:05.700Z
Here is "a round" of applause for so ably answering your own question. Is "a round" a classifier or a measure word? :)
Wayne Cheah
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2020-07-20T11:02:14.147Z
2020-07-21T21:42:02.983Z
2020-07-21T21:42:02.983Z
blackgreen
<p>The terms <strong>classifier</strong> and <strong>measure word</strong> are often used interchangeably, with the latter being (reportedly) more common in language courses.</p>
<p>They both translate to 量词 (literally &quot;measure word&quot;) and their grammatical function is essentially the same.</p>
<p>So is there any actual difference between classifiers and measure words in Mandarin, or do the two terms identify the exact same thing?</p>

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2020-07-20T22:28:31.103Z
It looks to me that the question is asking the distinction between 'classifier' and 'measure word', which tends to be believed an question about English.
dan
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2020-07-20T22:41:14.967Z
@dan strictly speaking, the difference in terminology exists in Chinese too, 分类词 vs 量词, though the latter is the dominant one. That aside, I feel this question is relevant to learners of Chinese as a foreign language, because of three interrelated factors: 1. it refers to common terminology used in Chinese learning 2. the learning process itself at early stages is usually conducted in another language; and 3. on this site it's specifically conducted in English. (If this were a Spanish forum, I could pose this same question in Spanish and it would still be relevant).
blackgreen
<grammar><difference><measure-word><linguistics>
What's the difference between classifiers and measure words?
# What's the difference between classifiers and measure words?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2020-07-20)

The terms **classifier** and **measure word** are often used interchangeably, with the latter being (reportedly) more common in language courses.

They both translate to 量词 (literally "measure word") and their grammatical function is essentially the same.

So is there any actual difference between classifiers and measure words in Mandarin, or do the two terms identify the exact same thing?

**Tags:** grammar, difference, measure-word, linguistics

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: It looks to me that the question is asking the distinction between 'classifier' and 'measure word', which tends to be believed an question about English.  
> **username_0**: @username_1 strictly speaking, the difference in terminology exists in Chinese too, 分类词 vs 量词, though the latter is the dominant one. That aside, I feel this question is relevant to learners of Chinese as a foreign language, because of three interrelated factors: 1. it refers to common terminology used in Chinese learning 2. the learning process itself at early stages is usually conducted in another language; and 3. on this site it's specifically conducted in English. (If this were a Spanish forum, I could pose this same question in Spanish and it would still be relevant).  

---

## 5 answers

### Answer by username_0 on 2020-07-20. Score: 16 | Accepted answer

Yes, there is a slight difference (although it appears there's no complete consensus on this).

A classifier, in linguistics (not just in Mandarin), is a word or morpheme used to express that a countable noun belongs to a semantic class. Here "semantic class" means a category of [referents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referent) with some common traits; if we think about how classifiers work in Chinese, this is easy to understand.

For example, the classifier 条 is used for long, narrow and flexible objects. So when we say:

> 一条鱼

we are implying that the fish belongs to a class of things that, more or less, share the same properties: long, narrow and flexible. That is the semantic class, and that's why the classifier is called *classifier*.

Therefore, by using a different classifier, we offer a different classification of that object. When we say:

> 一群鱼

we are conveying that fish belongs to the category, or class, of things that go in "groups" (in "[schools](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoaling_and_schooling)" actually!!!).

Now, English does have measure words: these are mostly nouns with their own meaning that work as units of measurement for **mass nouns**, which are not countable. They come in the form `a something of <noun>`. Let's consider the word *water*. In English we can't *count* it ("one water", "two waters"). So when we need to quantify a certain amount of water, we have to use a word that describes a precise unit of measurement, for example:

> a *drop* of water
>
> a *liter* of water
>
> an *ocean* of water

---

This definition of measure words works in Chinese too. The difference being that in Chinese there are classifiers proper *and* measure words. So what's actually the difference?

* Classifiers are not standalone words, they **don't have meaning** on their own; and as in English, they still can't accompany mass nouns (consider 两个水 vs 两升水)
* Measure words are words with a precise meaning, which can also work as **units of measurement**; and they can accompany mass nouns.

[Her and Hsieh, On the Semantic Distinction between Classifiers and
Measure Words in Chinese](http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/%7Eosh/C-M_Distinction.pdf) propose also the following definitions, based on tests to appraise whether a certain counter word is a classifier or a measure word:

> Classifiers classify or categorize nouns by highlighting some salient or inherent properties of the noun and thus contribute no additional meaning.
>
> Measure words, on the other hand, play a substantive role in denoting the quantity of the entity named by the noun.

So, saying 一条鱼 does not add new information to what we already know about a fish. A fish is inherently a long and flexible object (mostly; an inflated puffer fish maybe is not "long"). Hence, 条 is a classifier proper. Whereas saying 一箱鱼 does add new information, we are saying that the fish comes in crates, where fish, in itself, doesn't inherently come in crates. Hence, in this example 箱 is a measure word.

In conclusion, classifiers proper stress the **existence of an essential feature** of the counted noun, whereas measure words stress a **transient, not inherent (accidental)** numerical feature.

> **Comments:**
> **username_5**: Here is "a round" of applause for so ably answering your own question. Is "a round" a classifier or a measure word? :)  

---

### Answer by username_2 on 2020-07-21. Score: 3

Nouns denote things, physical or abstract. Based on the primitive properties of the things (this perception may vary according to socio-cultural background), we distinguish between "discrete nouns" and "non-discrete nouns".

Nouns denoting physical things are usually discrete nouns. For example: an apple, a book, a tree, an aeroplane..., etc. These things come with discrete shapes or forms.

Nouns denoting abstract things are compact nouns (at the other extreme, as opposed to being discrete). For example: health, peace, poetry, philosophy, biology..., etc. These things have no discrete froms.

In between, there is another category of non-discrete nouns which we can call "dense nouns". For example, water, wine, sand, hair..., etc. By "in between", we mean that, like compact nouns, these things have no discrete forms, but can be "separated" and "measured" using another thing which has a form. For example, "a glass of water", "a bottle of wine", "a spade of sand". This "other thing" serves as kind of measure. As such, it can be called a "measure word".

To indicate a discrete object in English, we use "a + thing". In Chinese, we use "classifier + thing". The classifier is related to the discrete form of the object: 条 for linear objects, 块 for flat and hard objects, 粒 for small and roundish objects..., etc. It depends very much on people's perceptual habits and sometimes can be quite arbitrary. Indeed, classifiers vary from dialects to dialects.

When we use a non-discrete noun with a measurable quantity in Chinese, we can use 些 or 点: 他喝了些酒，我买了点橄榄油. In this case, 些/点 acts like a measure word, only that it does not have a form. It just indicates a "measurable quantity".

When we use 些/点 with a discrete noun, the idea of "measurable quantity" will override the idea of "discreteness": 我刚吃了点水果，他们养了些鸡和鸭.

Therefore:

* Classifiers are used only with discrete nouns.
* When a classifier is used, the idea of "discreteness" prevails.
* 些/点 can be used with non-discrete nouns as well as discrete nouns.
* When 些/点 is used, the idea of "measurable quantity" prevails.
* Measure words (which come with forms) can be used with non-discrete nouns as well as discrete nouns.
* When a measure word is used, the "measurable quantity" is a function of the "form" of the measure word (i.e. 一车苹果， 两包米).

> **Comments:**
> **username_2**: Yes, it should be 块. Thanks for your comment.  
> **username_3**: Technically, I believe in "些/点 with a discrete noun, the idea of "measurable quantity" will override the idea of discreteness", adding 些 does not override the idea of discreteness but just allows for the grouping of distinct (still) discrete units.  
> **username_2**: It is an interesting point. I just want to highlight that "些/点 + discrete noun" does not indicate an aggregate of objects. It simply applies a "non null quantity" to the thing. If we say 他吃了些/点苹果, the quantity can be "a few slices", which is less than that of a discrete apple.  
> **username_3**: Ah, interesting! I haven't thought about this. I guess this happens too in English when we say *do you want some apple?*.  

---

### Answer by username_1 on 2020-07-20. Score: 2

To me, *classifiers* belongs to *measure words*. In other words, *classifiers* is a type of *measure words*. The idea of *classifiers* offers a way to construct a *type* in order to count that type of things. The essential is just for *measuring*.

That could be the reason why we don't usually distinguish the two terms in practice. And in Chinese, we'd mark it as 量词 all the time and no one cares whether it would fall into its subset 分类词 because it doesn't affect any semantics so they don't want to waste their effort to further trace down technically.

I'm not sure if you should distinguish the difference between *classifiers* and *measure words* in English. That seems to be an English question.

My two cents.


---

### Answer by username_4 on 2020-07-20. Score: 2

May be due to my Cantonese background I have a different understanding of the difference between 'classifier' and 'measure word as Chinese grammar terms.

For me, classifier classifies objects, base on their shape, size, substance, grouping, and so on. e.g. 一條魚，一粒米， 一灘水， 一盒餅

A classifier itself is not a measure word until it is used with a counting word.

In other words, "measure word' is another name for [quantifier/ counting word + classifier], e.g. 幾條魚，兩粒米

~

Cantonese Example of classifier used as the determiner 'this':

**條**魚好新鮮 - **this** (stick of) fish is very fresh

邊**條**好新鮮? - which **stick** (of fish) is very fresh?

**嚿**肉丸好硬 - **this** (piece of) meatball is very hard

呢**嚿**就好軟 - this **piece** (of meatball) is very soft


---

### Answer by username_3 on 2020-07-22. Score: 1

All the other answers were very insightful. I also find appropriate to reference the instructive Wikipedia entry for [Chinese classifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_classifier):

> The terms **classifier** and **measure word** are *frequently used interchangeably* (as equivalent to the Chinese term 量词 (量詞) liàngcí, which literally means "measure word"). Sometimes, however, the two are *distinguished*, with **classifier** denoting a *particle without any particular meaning of its own* and **measure word** denoting a *word for a particular quantity or measurement of something*, such as "drop", "cupful", or "liter". The latter type also includes certain words denoting lengths of time, units of currency, etc. These two types are alternatively called **count-classifier** and **mass-classifier**, since the first type can only meaningfully be used with *count nouns* [nouns organized in discrete units, such as apples], while the second is used particularly with *mass nouns* [nouns organized in continuous units, such as water or rice].
>
> The **difference** between **count-classifiers** and **mass-classifiers** can be described as one of *quantifying* versus *categorizing*: in other words, *mass-classifiers create a unit by which to measure something* (i.e. boxes, groups, chunks, pieces, etc.), whereas *count-classifiers simply name an existing item*. Most words can appear with both count-classifiers and mass-classifiers; for example, pizza can be described as both 一张比萨 (yì zhāng bǐsà, "one pizza", literally "one pie of pizza"), using a count-classifier, and as 一块比萨 (yí kuài bǐsà, "one piece of pizza"), using a mass-classifier. In addition to these semantic differences, *there are differences in the grammatical behaviors* of count-classifiers and mass-classifiers; for example, mass-classifiers may be modified by a small set of adjectives (as in 一大群人 yí dà qún rén, "a big crowd of people"), whereas count-classifiers usually may not (for example, \*一大个人 yí dà ge rén is never said for "a big person"; instead the adjective must modify the noun: 一个大人 yí ge dà rén). Another difference is that *count-classifiers may often be replaced by a "general" classifier* 个 (個), gè *with no apparent change in meaning*, whereas mass-classifiers may not. Syntacticians Lisa Cheng and Rint Sybesma propose that count-classifiers and mass-classifiers have different underlying syntactic structures, with count-classifiers forming "classifier phrases", and mass-classifiers being a sort of relative clause that only looks like a classifier phrase. *The distinction between count-classifiers and mass-classifiers is often unclear*, however, and other linguists have suggested that count-classifiers and mass-classifiers may not be fundamentally different. They posit that "count-classifier" and "mass-classifier" are the extremes of a continuum, with most classifiers falling somewhere in between.
>
> Researchers have differing views as to **how count-classifier – noun pairings arise**: some regard them as being based on *innate semantic* features of the noun (for example, all nouns denoting "long" objects take a certain classifier because of their inherent longness), while others see them as motivated more by analogy to *prototypical pairings* (for example, "dictionary" comes to take the same classifier as the more common word "book"). The use of classifiers did not become a mandatory part of Old Chinese grammar until around 1100 CE. Some nouns became associated with specific classifiers earlier than others; the earliest probably being nouns that signified culturally valued items such as horses and poems. Many words that are classifiers today started out as full nouns; in some cases their meanings have been gradually bleached away so that they are now used only as classifiers.

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I also found curious the case of **words which are their own classifiers** (or count-classifier), such as 天 (day) or 年 (year). Thus we say:

> 一天
>
> one day

Instead, these *still accept an additional measure word* (or mass-classifier):

> 一**些**天
>
> a few days


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