<p>初中阶段净入学率 = <img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?%5Cdpi%7B120%7D&space;%5Cfn_cm&space;%5Cfrac%7B%5Ctextrm%7Bnumber&space;of&space;lower&space;secondary&space;school&space;students&space;aged&space;from&space;13&space;to&space;15&space;years&space;old%7D%7D%7B%5Ctextrm%7Bpopulation&space;aged&space;from&space;13&space;to&space;15&space;years&space;old%7D%7D" title="\frac{\textrm{number of lower secondary school students aged from 13 to 15 years old}}{\textrm{population aged from 13 to 15 years old}}" />  × 100%</p>
<p>初中阶段毛入学率 =<br />
<img src="https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?%5Cdpi%7B120%7D&space;%5Cfn_cm&space;%5Cfrac%7B%5Ctextrm%7Bnumber&space;of&space;lower&space;secondary&space;school&space;students&space;regardless&space;of&space;their&space;ages%7D%7D%7B%5Ctextrm%7Bpopulation&space;aged&space;from&space;13&space;to&space;15&space;years&space;old%7D%7D" title="\frac{\textrm{number of lower secondary school students regardless of their ages}}{\textrm{population aged from 13 to 15 years old}}" />  × 100%</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-08-24T16:18:03.800Z
2021-08-24T16:18:03.800Z
Bósài
<p>I'm reading about literacy in China, and encounter the terms 净入学率 and 毛入学率, but I'm unclear on their precise meaning:</p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?wdqb=%E5%87%80" rel="nofollow noreferrer">CC-CEDICT</a>: 净 (jìng​) ... / net (income, exports etc) / ...<br />
<a href="https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?wdqb=%E6%AF%9B" rel="nofollow noreferrer">CC-CEDICT</a>: 毛 (máo) ... / raw / ...<br />
<a href="https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?wdqb=%E5%85%A5%E5%AD%A6%E7%8E%87" rel="nofollow noreferrer">CC-CEDICT</a>: 入学率 (rù​xué​lǜ​) percentage of children who enter school</p>
</blockquote>
<p>The above seem to be the closest relevant definition.  Putting the terms into Youdao gives <a href="http://youdao.com/w/%E5%87%80%E5%85%A5%E5%AD%A6%E7%8E%87" rel="nofollow noreferrer">&quot;net enrollment rate&quot;</a> and <a href="http://youdao.com/w/%E6%AF%9B%E5%85%A5%E5%AD%A6%E7%8E%87" rel="nofollow noreferrer">&quot;gross enrollment rate&quot;</a>.  I have no idea what the difference here is.</p>
<p>Moreover <a href="https://finance.sina.com.cn/china/gncj/2021-06-21/doc-ikqcfnca2207433.shtml" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this news article</a> lists a 毛入学率 of 102.5%, which sounds mathematically impossible.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/odaP8m.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/odaP8m.png" alt="Screenshot of a news article showing a 毛入学率 of 102.5%" /></a><br />
<sub><a href="https://finance.sina.com.cn/china/gncj/2021-06-21/doc-ikqcfnca2207433.shtml" rel="nofollow noreferrer">从“文盲大国”到教育大国 新中国最大程度实现了教育公平</a>，中国青年报，2021年06月21日</sub></p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Question</strong>: Precisely what do 净入学率 (~&quot;net enrollment rate&quot;) and 毛入学率 (~&quot;gross enrollment rate&quot;) mean?</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-08-24T00:30:40.957Z
Gross - 总量, 总额 (n); 总的 (adj). 毛 - hair, fur, mane. The gross enrollment rate should be 总入学率, I've never heard of 毛入学率, but it might be defined in China with special meaning so that the gross rate can be  > 100%.
r13
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-08-24T00:48:38.387Z
This article can help. https://rich01.com/1-profit-margin/
r13
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-08-24T01:18:24.527Z
From the article cited above, 毛利率 ＝（營業收入－營業成本）／營業收入 x 100%, we can rewrite as 毛入学率 = (現下入学人數 -  過去入学人數)/現下入学人數 x 100%, since typically the result in ( ) will be less than the denominator unless the past number of enrolled student is negative, the listed rate does not make sense.
r13
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-08-24T01:46:20.607Z
Okay, it can make sense if 毛入学率 is defined as the "net growth rate" of student enrollment, 毛入学率 = (現下入学人數 - **過去入学人數**)/**過去入学人數** x 100%, so the result can be greater than 100%.
r13
CC BY-SA 4.0
2021-08-24T05:26:33.057Z
Wouldn't a Baidu search answer the question? It's just a way that Government measures the enrollment rate.
dan
<meaning><difference>
Precisely what do 净入学率 (~"net enrollment rate") and 毛入学率 (~"gross enrollment rate") mean?
# Precisely what do 净入学率 (~"net enrollment rate") and 毛入学率 (~"gross enrollment rate") mean?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2021-08-23)

I'm reading about literacy in China, and encounter the terms 净入学率 and 毛入学率, but I'm unclear on their precise meaning:

> [CC-CEDICT](https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?wdqb=%E5%87%80): 净 (jìng​) ... / net (income, exports etc) / ...  
> [CC-CEDICT](https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?wdqb=%E6%AF%9B): 毛 (máo) ... / raw / ...  
> [CC-CEDICT](https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?wdqb=%E5%85%A5%E5%AD%A6%E7%8E%87): 入学率 (rù​xué​lǜ​) percentage of children who enter school

The above seem to be the closest relevant definition. Putting the terms into Youdao gives ["net enrollment rate"](http://youdao.com/w/%E5%87%80%E5%85%A5%E5%AD%A6%E7%8E%87) and ["gross enrollment rate"](http://youdao.com/w/%E6%AF%9B%E5%85%A5%E5%AD%A6%E7%8E%87). I have no idea what the difference here is.

Moreover [this news article](https://finance.sina.com.cn/china/gncj/2021-06-21/doc-ikqcfnca2207433.shtml) lists a 毛入学率 of 102.5%, which sounds mathematically impossible.

> [![Screenshot of a news article showing a 毛入学率 of 102.5%](https://i.sstatic.net/odaP8m.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/odaP8m.png)  
> [从“文盲大国”到教育大国 新中国最大程度实现了教育公平](https://finance.sina.com.cn/china/gncj/2021-06-21/doc-ikqcfnca2207433.shtml)，中国青年报，2021年06月21日

**Question**: Precisely what do 净入学率 (~"net enrollment rate") and 毛入学率 (~"gross enrollment rate") mean?

**Tags:** meaning, difference

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: Gross - 总量, 总额 (n); 总的 (adj). 毛 - hair, fur, mane. The gross enrollment rate should be 总入学率, I've never heard of 毛入学率, but it might be defined in China with special meaning so that the gross rate can be  > 100%.  
> **username_1**: This article can help. https://rich01.com/1-profit-margin/  
> **username_1**: From the article cited above, 毛利率 ＝（營業收入－營業成本）／營業收入 x 100%, we can rewrite as 毛入学率 = (現下入学人數 -  過去入学人數)/現下入学人數 x 100%, since typically the result in ( ) will be less than the denominator unless the past number of enrolled student is negative, the listed rate does not make sense.  
> **username_1**: Okay, it can make sense if 毛入学率 is defined as the "net growth rate" of student enrollment, 毛入学率 = (現下入学人數 - **過去入学人數**)/**過去入学人數** x 100%, so the result can be greater than 100%.  
> **username_2**: Wouldn't a Baidu search answer the question? It's just a way that Government measures the enrollment rate.  

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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_3 on 2021-08-24. Score: 2 | Accepted answer

初中阶段净入学率 = ![](https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?%5Cdpi%7B120%7D&space;%5Cfn_cm&space;%5Cfrac%7B%5Ctextrm%7Bnumber&space;of&space;lower&space;secondary&space;school&space;students&space;aged&space;from&space;13&space;to&space;15&space;years&space;old%7D%7D%7B%5Ctextrm%7Bpopulation&space;aged&space;from&space;13&space;to&space;15&space;years&space;old%7D%7D "\frac{\textrm{number of lower secondary school students aged from 13 to 15 years old}}{\textrm{population aged from 13 to 15 years old}}") × 100%

初中阶段毛入学率 =  
![](https://latex.codecogs.com/gif.latex?%5Cdpi%7B120%7D&space;%5Cfn_cm&space;%5Cfrac%7B%5Ctextrm%7Bnumber&space;of&space;lower&space;secondary&space;school&space;students&space;regardless&space;of&space;their&space;ages%7D%7D%7B%5Ctextrm%7Bpopulation&space;aged&space;from&space;13&space;to&space;15&space;years&space;old%7D%7D "\frac{\textrm{number of lower secondary school students regardless of their ages}}{\textrm{population aged from 13 to 15 years old}}") × 100%


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