<p>An excellent resource for answering questions like this is 漢字古今音資料庫 at <a href="http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/ccr/" rel="noreferrer">http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/ccr/</a>.  Unfortunately it doesn't have Song or Yuan reconstructions, but it does list the 攝, which is a Song era classification. 祯 was in 梗攝, and 蒸 was in 曾攝 so they shouldn't have been complete homonyms.  The difference, however, was probably in the vowel, not the final nasal -ng.  The modern zhen for 祯 is a post Song change; some of the 梗 words kept -ng, some changed to -n, but it's unclear when or how it happened.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-07T20:50:44.040Z
According to [* Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation* by Edwin Pulleyblank](https://books.google.com/books?id=qWGIxP1R4P4C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA402#v=onepage&q=zhen&f=false), the -ŋ (-ng) final is present during the Yuan era as well (`tʂiŋ`), so the change to -n is a more recent change. To compare, modern Cantonese still retains the -ŋ final, and both 蒸 and 祯 are homophones in Cantonese.
Claw
CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-07T10:54:57.977Z
2015-07-07T10:54:57.977Z
wpt
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Dalang" rel="noreferrer">Wu Dalang</a>, a character in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Margin" rel="noreferrer">Water Margin</a>, which takes place during the Song dynasty, sold steamed buns called <a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/166976.htm" rel="noreferrer">&quot;炊饼&quot;</a>. These buns were originally called 蒸饼:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>凡以面為食具者，皆謂之餅，故火燒而食者呼為燒餅，水淪而食者呼為湯餅，籠蒸而食者呼為蒸餅。</p>
<p><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%B2" rel="noreferrer">Wikipedia</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>But were renamed to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naming_taboo" rel="noreferrer">avoid</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Renzong_of_Song" rel="noreferrer">Emperor Renzong's</a> first name, 祯.</p>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naming_taboo" rel="noreferrer">Naming taboos</a> are common; for example the first month was renamed from 政月 to 正月 and its tone changed from zhèng to zhēng on account of Qin Shi Huang's given name 政. But in this case, 祯 (zhen) and 蒸 (zheng) are not homonyms in modern Chinese.</p>
<p><strong>How were 祯 and 蒸 pronounced during the Song dynasty? Were they homonyms? Or were they considered close enough anyway?</strong></p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2015-07-07T16:45:15.210Z
FWIW: One middle-chinese reconstruction gives [蒸 = tɕiəŋ](http://ytenx.org/dciangx/dzih/%E8%92%B8/) and [禎 = ȶiɛŋ](http://ytenx.org/dciangx/dzih/%E7%A6%8E/). Not identical, but close (slight change in vowel quality, affricate vs stop).
Stumpy Joe Pete
<pronunciation><history><middle-chinese>
Were 蒸 and 祯 homonyms?
# Were 蒸 and 祯 homonyms?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2015-07-07)

[Wu Dalang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Dalang), a character in [Water Margin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Margin), which takes place during the Song dynasty, sold steamed buns called ["炊饼"](http://baike.baidu.com/view/166976.htm). These buns were originally called 蒸饼:

> 凡以面為食具者，皆謂之餅，故火燒而食者呼為燒餅，水淪而食者呼為湯餅，籠蒸而食者呼為蒸餅。
>
> [Wikipedia](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%B2)

But were renamed to [avoid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naming_taboo) [Emperor Renzong's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Renzong_of_Song) first name, 祯.

[Naming taboos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naming_taboo) are common; for example the first month was renamed from 政月 to 正月 and its tone changed from zhèng to zhēng on account of Qin Shi Huang's given name 政. But in this case, 祯 (zhen) and 蒸 (zheng) are not homonyms in modern Chinese.

**How were 祯 and 蒸 pronounced during the Song dynasty? Were they homonyms? Or were they considered close enough anyway?**

**Tags:** pronunciation, history, middle-chinese

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: FWIW: One middle-chinese reconstruction gives [蒸 = tɕiəŋ](http://ytenx.org/dciangx/dzih/%E8%92%B8/) and [禎 = ȶiɛŋ](http://ytenx.org/dciangx/dzih/%E7%A6%8E/). Not identical, but close (slight change in vowel quality, affricate vs stop).  

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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2015-07-07. Score: 5 | Accepted answer

An excellent resource for answering questions like this is 漢字古今音資料庫 at <http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/ccr/>. Unfortunately it doesn't have Song or Yuan reconstructions, but it does list the 攝, which is a Song era classification. 祯 was in 梗攝, and 蒸 was in 曾攝 so they shouldn't have been complete homonyms. The difference, however, was probably in the vowel, not the final nasal -ng. The modern zhen for 祯 is a post Song change; some of the 梗 words kept -ng, some changed to -n, but it's unclear when or how it happened.

> **Comments:**
> **username_3**: According to [* Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation* by Edwin Pulleyblank](https://books.google.com/books?id=qWGIxP1R4P4C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA402#v=onepage&q=zhen&f=false), the -ŋ (-ng) final is present during the Yuan era as well (`tʂiŋ`), so the change to -n is a more recent change. To compare, modern Cantonese still retains the -ŋ final, and both 蒸 and 祯 are homophones in Cantonese.  

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