<blockquote>
  <p>Is there no means through which such a large volume of surface water, perhaps delivered by comets, could be subsumed in to the mantle through tectonic processes?</p>
</blockquote>

<p>Definitely. This was happening throughout most of Earth's history, it's happening now, and it will happen in the future.</p>

<p>Subduction occurring in subduction zones are the main mechanism (only mechanism?) of taking stuff from the surface and pushing it down deep into the mantle. Oceanic crust gets hydrated by reacting with the ocean water. Primary magmatic minerals such as pyroxene and olivine are altered into a variety of hydrous minerals: serpentine, amphibole, epidote, chlorite, talc, etc. Once this hydrated crust gets subducted most of the water is volatilised and gets lost to overlying mantle, and even flux-melting it so you end up having volcanoes. Here's a picture:</p>

<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/Vupal.jpg" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/Vupal.jpg" alt="enter image description here"></a></p>

<p><sup>Source: <a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v417/n6888/fig_tab/417497a_F1.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">nature.com</a></sup></p>

<p>Recent research shows that not all water is lost. Some of it may actually survive the way down deep into the mantle. The identity of the carrier minerals and the exact conditions are still a field of active research and new discoveries are constantly being made. This would most likely form water-rich and water-poor regions in the mantle. The water content of the mantle will thus be quite heterogeneous, which raises the question of how representative was the ringwoodite discovery. After all, it's only one data point.</p>

<p>So to summarise it, yes. Water from the surface can end up in the mantle. This doesn't necessarily mean that this is what is happening, and it may be equally likely that the mantle water is indeed primordial.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-01-23T23:27:15.880Z
Another possibility is that the water is worked over chemically. The finding of Ice VII inclusions in diamonds implies that $\ce{H2O}$ exists in the mantle, but it could be in equilibrium with hydroxyl-bearing minerals. The water could be constantly consumed and re-formed in a dynamic equilibrium.
Oscar Lanzi
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-01-24T11:41:44.170Z
2016-01-24T11:41:44.170Z
Gimelist
<p>I was reading about the discovery of vast amounts of water locked up in ringwoodite (see <a href="http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20141029-are-oceans-hiding-inside-earth" rel="nofollow">here</a>). The authors of the study seem to suggest that previous ideas, involving water deposits being delivered by comets, were brought in to question by the ringwoodite discovery, and that this water was there from the Earth's formation. </p>

<p>Is there no means through which such a large volume of surface water, perhaps delivered by comets, could be subsumed in to the mantle through tectonic processes? </p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-01-24T11:19:55.370Z
[related one](http://earthscience.stackexchange.com/q/770/725), [related two](http://earthscience.stackexchange.com/q/2137/725)
Gimelist
<geochemistry><planetary-science><water><tectonics><mantle>
Source of sub-surface ringwoodite water
christopherlovell
# Source of sub-surface ringwoodite water

(Asked by: username_0 on 2016-01-24)

I was reading about the discovery of vast amounts of water locked up in ringwoodite (see [here](http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20141029-are-oceans-hiding-inside-earth)). The authors of the study seem to suggest that previous ideas, involving water deposits being delivered by comets, were brought in to question by the ringwoodite discovery, and that this water was there from the Earth's formation.

Is there no means through which such a large volume of surface water, perhaps delivered by comets, could be subsumed in to the mantle through tectonic processes?

**Tags:** geochemistry, planetary-science, water, tectonics, mantle

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: [related one](http://earthscience.stackexchange.com/q/770/725), [related two](http://earthscience.stackexchange.com/q/2137/725)  

---

## 1 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2016-01-24. Score: 4

> Is there no means through which such a large volume of surface water, perhaps delivered by comets, could be subsumed in to the mantle through tectonic processes?

Definitely. This was happening throughout most of Earth's history, it's happening now, and it will happen in the future.

Subduction occurring in subduction zones are the main mechanism (only mechanism?) of taking stuff from the surface and pushing it down deep into the mantle. Oceanic crust gets hydrated by reacting with the ocean water. Primary magmatic minerals such as pyroxene and olivine are altered into a variety of hydrous minerals: serpentine, amphibole, epidote, chlorite, talc, etc. Once this hydrated crust gets subducted most of the water is volatilised and gets lost to overlying mantle, and even flux-melting it so you end up having volcanoes. Here's a picture:

[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/Vupal.jpg)](https://i.sstatic.net/Vupal.jpg)

Source: [nature.com](http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v417/n6888/fig_tab/417497a_F1.html)

Recent research shows that not all water is lost. Some of it may actually survive the way down deep into the mantle. The identity of the carrier minerals and the exact conditions are still a field of active research and new discoveries are constantly being made. This would most likely form water-rich and water-poor regions in the mantle. The water content of the mantle will thus be quite heterogeneous, which raises the question of how representative was the ringwoodite discovery. After all, it's only one data point.

So to summarise it, yes. Water from the surface can end up in the mantle. This doesn't necessarily mean that this is what is happening, and it may be equally likely that the mantle water is indeed primordial.

> **Comments:**
> **username_2**: Another possibility is that the water is worked over chemically. The finding of Ice VII inclusions in diamonds implies that $\ce{H2O}$ exists in the mantle, but it could be in equilibrium with hydroxyl-bearing minerals. The water could be constantly consumed and re-formed in a dynamic equilibrium.  

---

