<p>One of the next big missions to Mars, named <a href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/" rel="noreferrer">Mars 2020</a> is planned to depart from Earth to Mars during late July 2020. This mission involve a <a href="https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/rover/" rel="noreferrer">very capable rover</a>, like <a href="https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/home/" rel="noreferrer">Curiosity</a> on steroids. </p>

<p>From the mission site:</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>The mission takes the next step by not only seeking signs of habitable conditions on Mars in the ancient past, but also searching for signs of past microbial life itself. </p>
</blockquote>

<p>This mean that there is two important objective: </p>

<ol>
<li>to find <strong>extinct life forms</strong>, such as assuming there was conditions a long time ago permitting lifeforms to exist on Mars, likely 3-3.5 Billion years from now or so, in other words, fossils. Why 3-3.5 Gy ago? This was during Hesperian geological epoch when water was likely a major agent in forming channels lakes and rivers, thus with atmospheric and ground conditions possibly permitting the existence of life back then.</li>
<li>to find <strong>extant life forms</strong> such as bacteria that are existing presently on Mars surface or near surface.</li>
</ol>

<p>One component of the mission is to sample rocks that are likely lifebearing, analyze and store for a later pickup by a further mission. Lifebearing rocks in that case may be found as old lake beds, for example iron rich lacustrine mudstone.</p>

<p>Lacustrine mudstone is obviously originating from depositing fine sediments over a lake floor, a stable environment through a long time, as shown by layers like <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/jpl/msl/pia19074" rel="noreferrer">this</a> (pictured by Curiosity's MastCam in 2014). And iron rich is important as this chemical arrangement is favoring and helping the preservation of microbial lifeforms.</p>

<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/lyLXK.jpg" rel="noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/lyLXK.jpg" alt="Jezero Crater, Mars"></a></p>

<p>Source: <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jezero-crater-mars-2020s-landing-site" rel="noreferrer">https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jezero-crater-mars-2020s-landing-site</a></p>

<p>As can be seen in the picture, the big circle (as a crater) in the center of the delta is named the Jezero crater and is the target landing site for Mars 2020. This delta was formed due to water flowing in a lake; clay rich deposited were detected in the area. The crater is exposing deeper (early) layers in the delta, making this an ideal exploration site to look for extinct or extinct life.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-11-16T15:01:58.820Z
Thanks for such a great answer sir
saurabh shukla
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-11-16T13:40:23.737Z
2019-11-16T13:40:23.737Z
marsisalie
<p>It is highly improbable that multicellular life evolved on Mars. It took billions of years for it to evolve on Earth, and it is not thought that benign conditions existed for that long on Mars. If there ever were multicellular organisms on Mars, they can only be of a microscopic sort and would have left fossils in the rocks. One of the things geologists will be looking for when they explore Mars are microfossils, and these are more likely to be of a unicellular kind.</p>

<p>On Earth, the earliest sign of life (3.8 billion years)is a type of graphite which can only be produced by living organisms, so to find some on Mars would cause a sensation. Unicellular microfossils have been found in Australian chert and dated at 3.5 billion years, a time at which benign, Earth-like conditions existed on Mars.I personally doubt that there ever was life of any kind on Mars, but would be delighted to be proved wrong.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-11-15T18:47:06.743Z
2019-11-15T18:47:06.743Z
Michael Walsby
<p>Researchers who are involved in study of life on Mars are saying that there might be multicellular life present on Mars, today or in the past. Which traces, markers or environments on Mars could support this hypothesis and how it will be investigated?</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-11-16T13:04:36.477Z
Not sure why there is a close vote on this. This is a valid question and current, active field of research.
marsisalie
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-11-18T03:02:14.173Z
@EtienneGodin the title has little to do with the question
Gimelist
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-11-18T06:21:25.810Z
the title ask how long can a human/animal/plant/bacteria live on mars but this is not what the question is about.this is why i marked it as unclear what you are asking.
trond hansen
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-11-18T12:28:33.017Z
@Gimelist OK seen that light I entirely agree - maybe we could reformulate the title to something more consequent, if appropriate.
marsisalie
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-11-18T18:26:54.480Z
@trondhansen how about this?
marsisalie
CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-11-18T18:29:35.523Z
@EtienneGodin it looks a lot better now.
trond hansen
<planetary-science>
Which markers could suggest that there was extinct or extant life on Mars?
saurabh shukla
# Which markers could suggest that there was extinct or extant life on Mars?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2019-11-15)

Researchers who are involved in study of life on Mars are saying that there might be multicellular life present on Mars, today or in the past. Which traces, markers or environments on Mars could support this hypothesis and how it will be investigated?

**Tags:** planetary-science

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: Not sure why there is a close vote on this. This is a valid question and current, active field of research.  
> **username_2**: @EtienneGodin the title has little to do with the question  
> **username_3**: the title ask how long can a human/animal/plant/bacteria live on mars but this is not what the question is about.this is why i marked it as unclear what you are asking.  
> **username_1**: @username_2 OK seen that light I entirely agree - maybe we could reformulate the title to something more consequent, if appropriate.  
> **username_1**: @username_3 how about this?  
> **username_3**: @EtienneGodin it looks a lot better now.  

---

## 2 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2019-11-16. Score: 4 | Accepted answer

One of the next big missions to Mars, named [Mars 2020](https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/) is planned to depart from Earth to Mars during late July 2020. This mission involve a [very capable rover](https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/rover/), like [Curiosity](https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/home/) on steroids.

From the mission site:

> The mission takes the next step by not only seeking signs of habitable conditions on Mars in the ancient past, but also searching for signs of past microbial life itself.

This mean that there is two important objective:

1. to find **extinct life forms**, such as assuming there was conditions a long time ago permitting lifeforms to exist on Mars, likely 3-3.5 Billion years from now or so, in other words, fossils. Why 3-3.5 Gy ago? This was during Hesperian geological epoch when water was likely a major agent in forming channels lakes and rivers, thus with atmospheric and ground conditions possibly permitting the existence of life back then.
2. to find **extant life forms** such as bacteria that are existing presently on Mars surface or near surface.

One component of the mission is to sample rocks that are likely lifebearing, analyze and store for a later pickup by a further mission. Lifebearing rocks in that case may be found as old lake beds, for example iron rich lacustrine mudstone.

Lacustrine mudstone is obviously originating from depositing fine sediments over a lake floor, a stable environment through a long time, as shown by layers like [this](https://www.nasa.gov/jpl/msl/pia19074) (pictured by Curiosity's MastCam in 2014). And iron rich is important as this chemical arrangement is favoring and helping the preservation of microbial lifeforms.

[![Jezero Crater, Mars](https://i.sstatic.net/lyLXK.jpg)](https://i.sstatic.net/lyLXK.jpg)

Source: <https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jezero-crater-mars-2020s-landing-site>

As can be seen in the picture, the big circle (as a crater) in the center of the delta is named the Jezero crater and is the target landing site for Mars 2020. This delta was formed due to water flowing in a lake; clay rich deposited were detected in the area. The crater is exposing deeper (early) layers in the delta, making this an ideal exploration site to look for extinct or extinct life.

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: Thanks for such a great answer sir  

---

### Answer by username_4 on 2019-11-15. Score: 1

It is highly improbable that multicellular life evolved on Mars. It took billions of years for it to evolve on Earth, and it is not thought that benign conditions existed for that long on Mars. If there ever were multicellular organisms on Mars, they can only be of a microscopic sort and would have left fossils in the rocks. One of the things geologists will be looking for when they explore Mars are microfossils, and these are more likely to be of a unicellular kind.

On Earth, the earliest sign of life (3.8 billion years)is a type of graphite which can only be produced by living organisms, so to find some on Mars would cause a sensation. Unicellular microfossils have been found in Australian chert and dated at 3.5 billion years, a time at which benign, Earth-like conditions existed on Mars.I personally doubt that there ever was life of any kind on Mars, but would be delighted to be proved wrong.


---

