<p>As <a href="https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/a/12698/6298">Fred said</a>, it's just an unfortunate word choice that makes you think the professor is suggesting air flows towards the high.</p>

<p>Indeed, a surface high pressure south of Sydney would be the circumstance to have the air circulate around it in such a way as to "draw" air onshore from off the shore... even as it's actually really flowing somewhat away from the high.</p>

<p>There's a long-range model forecast showing exactly this setup building after a strong low potentially passes by this week... and so Sydney may be held cooler again just in time for Boxing Day:</p>

<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/HJzcQ.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/HJzcQ.png" alt="enter image description here"></a>
<sub><sup>from www.pivotalweather.com</sup></sub></p>

<p><em>(This is only one model's long-range forecast, and the skill in such forecasts is quite low.  I present it to show this scenario, not to make any forecast as to whether it'll actually happen next week)</em></p>

<p>You can see the green arrows are bringing air onshore.  <a href="http://oceancurrent.imos.org.au/sst.php" rel="nofollow noreferrer">This link</a> suggests current ocean surface temperatures are around 23°C (73°F).  So that would likely reduce the temperature slightly (if you explore the plots at pivotalweather.com for Australia, it currently shows a forecast high closer to 23°C for the day, rather than nearer the 30s many spots in the area see tomorrow).</p>

<hr>

<p>There's actually more to consider:</p>

<p>Yes, the pressure gradient force causes air to be pushed from high pressure to low pressure.  However, other forces typically counteract a large part of this, such that at the surface, air flows quite tangentially (most in a circle, rather than moving inward or outward).  This is because as moves from the high to the low, the rotation of the Earth causes the winds to appear to miss its original destination (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolis_force" rel="nofollow noreferrer">the Coriolis Force</a>).
Higher up in the atmosphere, this actually causes air to generally not even flow from high pressure to low pressure at all!  At surface levels, there's a fair bit of friction which slows wind down the wind some, and thereby causes the Coriolis impact to be less than it should.<br>
At those more significantly high levels in the atmosphere, since there's no appreciable frictional effects, the earth's rotation entirely resists the high-to-low movement over long periods of time, and you end up with a wind that instead cuts perpendicular to both, not getting nearer or further away:</p>

<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/3udbr.jpg" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/3udbr.jpg" alt="enter image description here"></a>
<sub><sup>from www.pivotalweather.com</sup></sub></p>

<p><em>(Once again, only one model's long-range calculation, and not a reliable forecast.  But... let's just say that won't bring tropical hurricane weather if it comes together!)</em></p>

<p>Look closely and compare, and you should be able to see, both in the little black line segment symbols showing wind flow, and in my arrows drawn to show a more continual path (if I managed to draw the arrows well enough!), that the wind is flowing outwards some in the Australia picture... but in the US picture (which is showing heights up closer to 5 km [3 mi] above the ground), the wind is basically perfectly balanced, neither getting near or closer... which is also matched in the the western region which winds are "slaloming" between a low over NW Canada and a high nearer Seattle).  [in case it causes confusion, remember highs/lows rotate the opposite direction in opposite hemispheres, so the high in Australia is clockwise, and the low in the US is clockwise]</p>

<p>The upper-level forces directing the wind display what is called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostrophic_wind" rel="nofollow noreferrer">geostrophic wind balance</a>.  The low-level winds are called <a href="http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/fw/fric.rxml" rel="nofollow noreferrer">ageostrophic</a> because the friction leads to imbalance.</p>

<hr>

<p>Regarding <a href="https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/a/12702/6298">haresfur's answer</a>, while he's incorrect that the wind sneaks into the high from another cardinal direction (air basically flows outwards from surface high pressures towards the north, the south, the east, and the west all at the same time)... it is also indeed true that conservation of mass does have an additional consequence: it causes air to move vertically to counteract the air flow between the pressure systems [for near the surface, air sinks down into the high from above to replace the lost air moving outwards... and air rises up from a low to evacuate the excess incoming air].  The overall net change in air amount can cause a high pressure to build even stronger despite the fact it seems to be losing air on a weather map... and likewise cause lows to get even stronger despite large convergent flow.</p>

<p>There are complex factors [such as the fact that the volume of air changes when the temperature changes... and in the end, moisture condensation is the central driver of the growth of most pressure systems (also called latent heat release)], all that help determine this ledger balance, and whether highs and lows will continue to ramp up or die off.  But it's just worth thinking about the <a href="https://rgsweather.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/2014-08-30_14-10-11.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer">3-D picture sometimes</a>.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-12-17T11:33:30.003Z
2017-12-17T11:33:30.003Z
JeopardyTempest
<p>It would be nice to have a synoptic chart relevant for the comment. My guess is that the high pressure cell was not drawing air towards itself. Instead, the location of the high pressure cell was such that it caused cooler air from the ocean to be moved towards Sydney. Fort this to happen, the high pressure cell would have been south of Sydney</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-11-16T14:44:14.483Z
2017-11-16T14:44:14.483Z
Fred
<p>Conservation of mass. If air is moving away from a high pressure system at some altitude, it must be getting replaced at another or from another direction.</p>

<p>Without seeing the details, I think what is happening is that there is a high pressure system over the centre of the continent that results in high temperatures. The hot air rises producing on-shore winds from the cooler ocean (adabatic? adiabatic? not sure of the correct terminology).</p>

<p>For a lay-person overview of the different major climate influences for Australia, check out the <a href="http://www.climatekelpie.com.au/understand-climate/climatedogs" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Climatedogs</a>. </p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-12-17T11:39:58.763Z
The term adiabatic means at constant [potential] temperature... so I'm not sure found the term you're looking for...
JeopardyTempest
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-12-17T11:42:32.810Z
But there will indeed tend to be some local onshore wind from cooler oceans (termed [the seabreeze](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_breeze) when the ocean is still fairly warm, or the [marine layer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_layer) when the ocean is colder... which cause quite different weather effects). Indeed this flow happens regardless of whether there's a large high (or low) pressure setup over the region. But this typically won't result in big changes to the high [it actually reverses directions each night when the land cools, balancing out the air changes to none overall].
JeopardyTempest
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-12-17T11:44:17.273Z
Still, quite an interesting link.  We meteorologists/scientists can always work at doing better in explaining things in terms more people better understand.  Thanks :-)
JeopardyTempest
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-12-17T11:46:27.320Z
Perhaps the term you wanted was **[diurnal](http://www.sciencedictionary.org/weather-term-details/Diurnal-Effects)**... which the seabreeze indeed is, given that it's a daytime thing (and replaced by the landbreeze at night)
JeopardyTempest
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-11-16T22:07:55.440Z
2017-11-16T22:07:55.440Z
haresfur
<p>I refer to the this <a href="https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/environment/weather/unusual-climate-mix-has-experts-baffled-as-summer-set-for-warmer-drier-conditions-20171116-gzmf7l.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">very recent article</a>, which quotes Andrew Watkins (Manager of Climate Prediction Services at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology).</p>

<p>My understanding has always been that air flows away from high pressure towards lower pressure, so the following quote from the referenced article confuses me. Can anyone explain it for me?</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>"There's been a big high pressure system drawing air in off the ocean, 
  keeping it a bit cooler for Sydney," Dr Watkins said.</p>
</blockquote>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-11-16T14:08:28.070Z
In addition low/high pressure rotates winds counterclockwise/clockwise in the northern hemisphere and the opposite direction in the southern hemisphere. Not reading the given article I would guess that this is the mechanism quoted.
Communisty
<meteorology><weather-forecasting><barometric-pressure>
Do high pressure systems draw air towards them?
user2754486
# Do high pressure systems draw air towards them?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2017-11-16)

I refer to the this [very recent article](https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/environment/weather/unusual-climate-mix-has-experts-baffled-as-summer-set-for-warmer-drier-conditions-20171116-gzmf7l.html), which quotes Andrew Watkins (Manager of Climate Prediction Services at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology).

My understanding has always been that air flows away from high pressure towards lower pressure, so the following quote from the referenced article confuses me. Can anyone explain it for me?

> "There's been a big high pressure system drawing air in off the ocean,
> keeping it a bit cooler for Sydney," Dr Watkins said.

**Tags:** meteorology, weather-forecasting, barometric-pressure

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: In addition low/high pressure rotates winds counterclockwise/clockwise in the northern hemisphere and the opposite direction in the southern hemisphere. Not reading the given article I would guess that this is the mechanism quoted.  

---

## 3 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2017-12-17. Score: 2 | Accepted answer

As [username_3 said](https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/a/12698/6298), it's just an unfortunate word choice that makes you think the professor is suggesting air flows towards the high.

Indeed, a surface high pressure south of Sydney would be the circumstance to have the air circulate around it in such a way as to "draw" air onshore from off the shore... even as it's actually really flowing somewhat away from the high.

There's a long-range model forecast showing exactly this setup building after a strong low potentially passes by this week... and so Sydney may be held cooler again just in time for Boxing Day:

[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/HJzcQ.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/HJzcQ.png)
from www.pivotalweather.com

*(This is only one model's long-range forecast, and the skill in such forecasts is quite low. I present it to show this scenario, not to make any forecast as to whether it'll actually happen next week)*

You can see the green arrows are bringing air onshore. [This link](http://oceancurrent.imos.org.au/sst.php) suggests current ocean surface temperatures are around 23°C (73°F). So that would likely reduce the temperature slightly (if you explore the plots at pivotalweather.com for Australia, it currently shows a forecast high closer to 23°C for the day, rather than nearer the 30s many spots in the area see tomorrow).

---

There's actually more to consider:

Yes, the pressure gradient force causes air to be pushed from high pressure to low pressure. However, other forces typically counteract a large part of this, such that at the surface, air flows quite tangentially (most in a circle, rather than moving inward or outward). This is because as moves from the high to the low, the rotation of the Earth causes the winds to appear to miss its original destination ([the Coriolis Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolis_force)).
Higher up in the atmosphere, this actually causes air to generally not even flow from high pressure to low pressure at all! At surface levels, there's a fair bit of friction which slows wind down the wind some, and thereby causes the Coriolis impact to be less than it should.  
At those more significantly high levels in the atmosphere, since there's no appreciable frictional effects, the earth's rotation entirely resists the high-to-low movement over long periods of time, and you end up with a wind that instead cuts perpendicular to both, not getting nearer or further away:

[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/3udbr.jpg)](https://i.sstatic.net/3udbr.jpg)
from www.pivotalweather.com

*(Once again, only one model's long-range calculation, and not a reliable forecast. But... let's just say that won't bring tropical hurricane weather if it comes together!)*

Look closely and compare, and you should be able to see, both in the little black line segment symbols showing wind flow, and in my arrows drawn to show a more continual path (if I managed to draw the arrows well enough!), that the wind is flowing outwards some in the Australia picture... but in the US picture (which is showing heights up closer to 5 km [3 mi] above the ground), the wind is basically perfectly balanced, neither getting near or closer... which is also matched in the the western region which winds are "slaloming" between a low over NW Canada and a high nearer Seattle). [in case it causes confusion, remember highs/lows rotate the opposite direction in opposite hemispheres, so the high in Australia is clockwise, and the low in the US is clockwise]

The upper-level forces directing the wind display what is called [geostrophic wind balance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostrophic_wind). The low-level winds are called [ageostrophic](http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/fw/fric.rxml) because the friction leads to imbalance.

---

Regarding [username_4's answer](https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/a/12702/6298), while he's incorrect that the wind sneaks into the high from another cardinal direction (air basically flows outwards from surface high pressures towards the north, the south, the east, and the west all at the same time)... it is also indeed true that conservation of mass does have an additional consequence: it causes air to move vertically to counteract the air flow between the pressure systems [for near the surface, air sinks down into the high from above to replace the lost air moving outwards... and air rises up from a low to evacuate the excess incoming air]. The overall net change in air amount can cause a high pressure to build even stronger despite the fact it seems to be losing air on a weather map... and likewise cause lows to get even stronger despite large convergent flow.

There are complex factors [such as the fact that the volume of air changes when the temperature changes... and in the end, moisture condensation is the central driver of the growth of most pressure systems (also called latent heat release)], all that help determine this ledger balance, and whether highs and lows will continue to ramp up or die off. But it's just worth thinking about the [3-D picture sometimes](https://rgsweather.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/2014-08-30_14-10-11.png).


---

### Answer by username_3 on 2017-11-16. Score: 1

It would be nice to have a synoptic chart relevant for the comment. My guess is that the high pressure cell was not drawing air towards itself. Instead, the location of the high pressure cell was such that it caused cooler air from the ocean to be moved towards Sydney. Fort this to happen, the high pressure cell would have been south of Sydney


---

### Answer by username_4 on 2017-11-16. Score: 0

Conservation of mass. If air is moving away from a high pressure system at some altitude, it must be getting replaced at another or from another direction.

Without seeing the details, I think what is happening is that there is a high pressure system over the centre of the continent that results in high temperatures. The hot air rises producing on-shore winds from the cooler ocean (adabatic? adiabatic? not sure of the correct terminology).

For a lay-person overview of the different major climate influences for Australia, check out the [Climatedogs](http://www.climatekelpie.com.au/understand-climate/climatedogs).

> **Comments:**
> **username_2**: The term adiabatic means at constant [potential] temperature... so I'm not sure found the term you're looking for...  
> **username_2**: But there will indeed tend to be some local onshore wind from cooler oceans (termed [the seabreeze](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_breeze) when the ocean is still fairly warm, or the [marine layer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_layer) when the ocean is colder... which cause quite different weather effects). Indeed this flow happens regardless of whether there's a large high (or low) pressure setup over the region. But this typically won't result in big changes to the high [it actually reverses directions each night when the land cools, balancing out the air changes to none overall].  
> **username_2**: Still, quite an interesting link.  We meteorologists/scientists can always work at doing better in explaining things in terms more people better understand.  Thanks :-)  
> **username_2**: Perhaps the term you wanted was **[diurnal](http://www.sciencedictionary.org/weather-term-details/Diurnal-Effects)**... which the seabreeze indeed is, given that it's a daytime thing (and replaced by the landbreeze at night)  

---

