<p>Here are some thoughts as they occur to me.</p>
<p>First, the Global Volcanism Program (GVP), which is the reference database in this matter, lists only one Holocene (i.e., considered active) <a href="https://volcano.si.edu/volcanolist_countries.cfm?country=Syria" rel="nofollow noreferrer">volcano in Syria</a>: Harrat Ash Shaam, to which Es Safa actually belongs. (There are also a few Pleistocene volcanoes in the country.) So I wonder what is this second one that the CIA mentions... As it is close to Turkey, it could be <a href="https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=213060" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Karasu Rift</a>, which extends into Syria.</p>
<p>Also note that these volcanic systems are extensive basaltic lava fields, rather than a proper volcano, as in &quot;single conical mountain with a summit crater&quot;, which makes their identification harder. They can have a large number of subfeatures (cones, craters and lava flows) that may or may not have been named individually. That could explain why the Syrian part of the Karasu Rift did not receive its own name, although some of its features might be known by a name by locals (if any, in such desert areas).</p>
<p>As an example, take the <a href="https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=341001" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Pinacate</a> volcanic field, in Mexico. According to GVP, it comprises &quot;more than 500 basaltic cinder cones and lava flows&quot; (see image below). In <a href="https://doi.org/10.1353/jsw.2007.0004" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Gutmann 2007</a>, there is a &quot;Pinacate volcanic field place-names&quot; map (figure 5, that I cannot reproduce here), which has barely two dozens names. Only the most prominent features are named (Cerro Colorado, Crater Elegante...) while all the smaller cones remain anonymous.</p>
<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/Wi0R7Ykw.jpg" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/Wi0R7Ykw.jpg" alt="Satellite image of the Pinacate volcanic field" /></a>
<em>Landsat 8 OLI image showing the Pinacate volcanic field in 2017. From <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/blogs/earthmatters/2017/11/10/what-a-wonderful-world-pinacate-peaks/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">NASA Earth Observatory</a>.</em></p>
<p>Second, it would not be the first unnamed volcano! If you scroll the GVP Holocene volcano list down to the letter U, you will see a dozen entries with the name... &quot;Unnamed&quot;. Most of them are submarine volcanoes, which have probably been identified quite recently, but not all. (The International Hydrographic Organization is in charge of naming such discoveries, but it might take some time. A bit like the International Astronomical Union is in charge of naming planetary features. As an aside, there are still a lot of extraterrestrial volcanoes unnamed!)</p>
<p>Even a volcano with a name can be misleading. For instance, you might think that <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezymianny" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Bezymianny</a>, in Kamchatka, has a proper name, until you realize that it literally means &quot;unnamed&quot; in Russian!</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2024-09-06T08:20:33.147Z
Thank you, great answer. The fact that the factbook referred to a volcano suggested a mountain with a crater. I suppose a volcanic region would be a more accurate description.
Buck Thorn
CC BY-SA 4.0
2024-09-02T19:34:12.640Z
2024-09-03T07:49:22.300Z
2024-09-03T07:49:22.300Z
Jean-Marie Prival
<p>I stumbled across the following in the <a href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/syria/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">CIA factbook's entry on Syria</a> :</p>
<blockquote>
<p>volcanism: Syria's two historically active volcanoes, Es Safa and an unnamed volcano near the Turkish border have not erupted in centuries</p>
</blockquote>
<p>This surprised me. I expect most geophysical terrestrial features to have some identification beyond coordinates, most have at least a local name (particularly in a region with a long recorded history).</p>
<p>I'm not sure what volcano is being referred to above. On Earth Science SE there are <a href="https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/questions/14749/is-this-a-former-volcano-in-the-hamad-plateau-in-the-syrian-desert">posts</a> about a Syrian volcanic region which appears to be the Es Safa plateau mentioned above.</p>
<p>Is this volcano truly unnamed, if so why? The fact that it made it into the factbook suggests it is of interest.</p>

<volcanology><geography>
Why is there an "unnamed volcano" in Syria?
Buck Thorn
# Why is there an "unnamed volcano" in Syria?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2024-09-02)

I stumbled across the following in the [CIA factbook's entry on Syria](https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/syria/) :

> volcanism: Syria's two historically active volcanoes, Es Safa and an unnamed volcano near the Turkish border have not erupted in centuries

This surprised me. I expect most geophysical terrestrial features to have some identification beyond coordinates, most have at least a local name (particularly in a region with a long recorded history).

I'm not sure what volcano is being referred to above. On Earth Science SE there are [posts](https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/questions/14749/is-this-a-former-volcano-in-the-hamad-plateau-in-the-syrian-desert) about a Syrian volcanic region which appears to be the Es Safa plateau mentioned above.

Is this volcano truly unnamed, if so why? The fact that it made it into the factbook suggests it is of interest.

**Tags:** volcanology, geography


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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_1 on 2024-09-02. Score: 6 | Accepted answer

Here are some thoughts as they occur to me.

First, the Global Volcanism Program (GVP), which is the reference database in this matter, lists only one Holocene (i.e., considered active) [volcano in Syria](https://volcano.si.edu/volcanolist_countries.cfm?country=Syria): Harrat Ash Shaam, to which Es Safa actually belongs. (There are also a few Pleistocene volcanoes in the country.) So I wonder what is this second one that the CIA mentions... As it is close to Turkey, it could be [Karasu Rift](https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=213060), which extends into Syria.

Also note that these volcanic systems are extensive basaltic lava fields, rather than a proper volcano, as in "single conical mountain with a summit crater", which makes their identification harder. They can have a large number of subfeatures (cones, craters and lava flows) that may or may not have been named individually. That could explain why the Syrian part of the Karasu Rift did not receive its own name, although some of its features might be known by a name by locals (if any, in such desert areas).

As an example, take the [Pinacate](https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=341001) volcanic field, in Mexico. According to GVP, it comprises "more than 500 basaltic cinder cones and lava flows" (see image below). In [Gutmann 2007](https://doi.org/10.1353/jsw.2007.0004), there is a "Pinacate volcanic field place-names" map (figure 5, that I cannot reproduce here), which has barely two dozens names. Only the most prominent features are named (Cerro Colorado, Crater Elegante...) while all the smaller cones remain anonymous.

[![Satellite image of the Pinacate volcanic field](https://i.sstatic.net/Wi0R7Ykw.jpg)](https://i.sstatic.net/Wi0R7Ykw.jpg)
*Landsat 8 OLI image showing the Pinacate volcanic field in 2017. From [NASA Earth Observatory](https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/blogs/earthmatters/2017/11/10/what-a-wonderful-world-pinacate-peaks/).*

Second, it would not be the first unnamed volcano! If you scroll the GVP Holocene volcano list down to the letter U, you will see a dozen entries with the name... "Unnamed". Most of them are submarine volcanoes, which have probably been identified quite recently, but not all. (The International Hydrographic Organization is in charge of naming such discoveries, but it might take some time. A bit like the International Astronomical Union is in charge of naming planetary features. As an aside, there are still a lot of extraterrestrial volcanoes unnamed!)

Even a volcano with a name can be misleading. For instance, you might think that [Bezymianny](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezymianny), in Kamchatka, has a proper name, until you realize that it literally means "unnamed" in Russian!

> **Comments:**
> **username_0**: Thank you, great answer. The fact that the factbook referred to a volcano suggested a mountain with a crater. I suppose a volcanic region would be a more accurate description.  

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