<p>Impossible to give an accurate answer because nobody has ever studied rates of erosion of this kind of rock in such a setting. Typical long-term rates of cliff cut-back in an exposed position are 5 to 20 cm per year, but that is for average rock, which is much softer than Rockall. This is a complex rock, mainly comprising Aegirine Granite, and containing some unique minerals. I'm guessing that the combination of sea salt corrosion, frequent wetting and drying, and chemically aggressive leachate from all that guano will result in a rate of chemical erosion of 0.5 to 5.0 mm per year. Let us say 2 mm per year - a high value but under the extreme circumstances, certainly plausible.  Given that the rock is only about 25 metres along the lesser axis, and that chemical and weathering attack will occur on all sides, that should give a 'demolition rate' of about 6000 to 7000 years. But that's only chemical erosion. There is also the physical erosion to consider. None of the photographs I have seen give a good impression of the potential for basal abrasion. What your photograph does indicate however is that there are eroding oblique fractures. These will facilitate sea water and wave ingress which will eventually fragment the rock and accelerate its demise. Overall I would be very surprised if there is anything left above the waves in 4000 to 5000 years from now. Even without erosion, climate change is likely to raise sea level at least 7 metres by that time, in which case it may completely disappear in as little as 2000 to 3000 years. </p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-07-20T09:36:02.400Z
2016-07-20T09:36:02.400Z
Gordon Stanger
<p><em>Loosely related to the question</em> <a href="https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/q/4876">Will the ocean eventually erode all land?</a>:</p>

<p>How long will it take for the ocean to erode <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockall" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Rockall</a> (an uninhabited granite islet within the exclusive economic zone of the United Kingdom)?</p>

<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/BW4KT.jpg" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/BW4KT.jpg" alt="enter image description here"></a></p>

<p>On the assumption that plate tectonics is paused. (If you know that plate tectonics will carry rockal below the waves before it erodes please do mention this in your answer!)</p>

<p>I understand that the rate and size of storms will have an effect, both of which are unpredictable, therefore I am more than happy with an order of magnitude indication.</p>

<p>If you have any sources to back up numbers you've used in calculations, such as the rate of erosion of the basalt, that would be great, as I would love to do some further research.</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-07-20T02:59:00.427Z
Where's Rockall? Or, how big/hard/wave-battered is it?
Daniel Griscom
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-07-20T05:06:17.690Z
What is Rockall? What is it composed of: igneous rock, sedimentary, basalt, granite, siderite, conglomerate, quartizite, sandstone ... ?How resistant is it to erosion? How much force do the waves impart on it and how frequently? I'm voting to close this question because it is too broad.
Fred
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-07-20T06:22:07.767Z
This is an international forum. Don't assume we know all geological formations worldwide. **Add a link** (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockall)
Jan Doggen
<geology><rocks><erosion>
How long will it take for the ocean to erode Rockall?
o.comp
# How long will it take for the ocean to erode Rockall?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2016-07-19)

*Loosely related to the question* [Will the ocean eventually erode all land?](https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/q/4876):

How long will it take for the ocean to erode [Rockall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockall) (an uninhabited granite islet within the exclusive economic zone of the United Kingdom)?

[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/BW4KT.jpg)](https://i.sstatic.net/BW4KT.jpg)

On the assumption that plate tectonics is paused. (If you know that plate tectonics will carry rockal below the waves before it erodes please do mention this in your answer!)

I understand that the rate and size of storms will have an effect, both of which are unpredictable, therefore I am more than happy with an order of magnitude indication.

If you have any sources to back up numbers you've used in calculations, such as the rate of erosion of the basalt, that would be great, as I would love to do some further research.

**Tags:** geology, rocks, erosion

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: Where's Rockall? Or, how big/hard/wave-battered is it?  
> **username_2**: What is Rockall? What is it composed of: igneous rock, sedimentary, basalt, granite, siderite, conglomerate, quartizite, sandstone ... ?How resistant is it to erosion? How much force do the waves impart on it and how frequently? I'm voting to close this question because it is too broad.  
> **username_3**: This is an international forum. Don't assume we know all geological formations worldwide. **Add a link** (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockall)  

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## 1 answers

### Answer by username_4 on 2016-07-20. Score: 3 | Accepted answer

Impossible to give an accurate answer because nobody has ever studied rates of erosion of this kind of rock in such a setting. Typical long-term rates of cliff cut-back in an exposed position are 5 to 20 cm per year, but that is for average rock, which is much softer than Rockall. This is a complex rock, mainly comprising Aegirine Granite, and containing some unique minerals. I'm guessing that the combination of sea salt corrosion, frequent wetting and drying, and chemically aggressive leachate from all that guano will result in a rate of chemical erosion of 0.5 to 5.0 mm per year. Let us say 2 mm per year - a high value but under the extreme circumstances, certainly plausible. Given that the rock is only about 25 metres along the lesser axis, and that chemical and weathering attack will occur on all sides, that should give a 'demolition rate' of about 6000 to 7000 years. But that's only chemical erosion. There is also the physical erosion to consider. None of the photographs I have seen give a good impression of the potential for basal abrasion. What your photograph does indicate however is that there are eroding oblique fractures. These will facilitate sea water and wave ingress which will eventually fragment the rock and accelerate its demise. Overall I would be very surprised if there is anything left above the waves in 4000 to 5000 years from now. Even without erosion, climate change is likely to raise sea level at least 7 metres by that time, in which case it may completely disappear in as little as 2000 to 3000 years.


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