<p>Thats a very heavy question and might need a dozen pages to briefly answer, but however its better to summarize the answer and refer to the most detailed review work of Pin Xian Wang and his team entitled "<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.07.006" rel="nofollow noreferrer">The global monsoon across time scales: Mechanisms and outstanding issues</a>".</p>

<p>I hope this can answer all the questions anyone have in mind. General definition can be that (Global Monsoon (GM) as a planetary scale circulation system. The primary driver of the GM is solar insolation, and the specific features in the underlying surface, such as land-sea distribution, topography, and oceanic circulations, are mainly responsible for the differences among regional monsoon systems.) derived from the above work.</p>

<p>The most important point to be considered that the paper listed above is based on CMIP5 models, however many authors in the region have documented the deviations and differences in all CMIP5 models globally. I will also suggest the work of <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aQN9yscAAAAJ&amp;hl=en" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Alexis Berg</a> for African monsoon system.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2019-01-28T06:16:00.873Z
2019-01-28T10:51:37.747Z
2019-01-28T10:51:37.747Z
khan
<p>Monsoons are caused by ITCZ changing between the months. This means that because the earth tilts 23.5 degrees north each year, maximum solar insolation varies, causing low pressure to gather. Hence the monsoons.<a href="https://i.sstatic.net/pgK1I.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/pgK1I.png" alt="ITCZ at northern and southern hemisphere summers." /></a></p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-09-16T07:08:41.783Z
Also, you should define what ITCZ stands for, it may not be clear to everyone. Welcome to Earth Science SE!
Jean-Marie Prival
CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-09-15T17:32:30.923Z
2020-09-15T18:13:25.363Z
2020-09-15T18:13:25.363Z
Yeet
<p>Traditionally we think of them as being caused by differences in land-sea heating.</p>

<p>But more recently, some researchers, like Simona Bordoni and William Boos, have argued otherwise.</p>

CC BY-SA 4.0
2020-09-15T19:34:57.060Z
Is this a real question? In other words, you cite the traditional theory, but then just say that there is contradicting evidence, without saying what Bordoni and Boos argue. Either this is an open science question (in which I would suggest you do research), or this question seems to lack detail. I.e. Which papers say that the temperature differences do not drive the monsoon.
BarocliniCplusplus
<climate><monsoon>
What are monsoons caused by?
InquilineKea
# What are monsoons caused by?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2014-04-15)

Traditionally we think of them as being caused by differences in land-sea heating.

But more recently, some researchers, like Simona Bordoni and William Boos, have argued otherwise.

**Tags:** climate, monsoon

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: Is this a real question? In other words, you cite the traditional theory, but then just say that there is contradicting evidence, without saying what Bordoni and Boos argue. Either this is an open science question (in which I would suggest you do research), or this question seems to lack detail. I.e. Which papers say that the temperature differences do not drive the monsoon.  

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## 2 answers

### Answer by username_2 on 2019-01-28. Score: 2

Thats a very heavy question and might need a dozen pages to briefly answer, but however its better to summarize the answer and refer to the most detailed review work of Pin Xian Wang and his team entitled "[The global monsoon across time scales: Mechanisms and outstanding issues](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.07.006)".

I hope this can answer all the questions anyone have in mind. General definition can be that (Global Monsoon (GM) as a planetary scale circulation system. The primary driver of the GM is solar insolation, and the specific features in the underlying surface, such as land-sea distribution, topography, and oceanic circulations, are mainly responsible for the differences among regional monsoon systems.) derived from the above work.

The most important point to be considered that the paper listed above is based on CMIP5 models, however many authors in the region have documented the deviations and differences in all CMIP5 models globally. I will also suggest the work of [Alexis Berg](https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aQN9yscAAAAJ&hl=en) for African monsoon system.


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### Answer by username_3 on 2020-09-15. Score: 1

Monsoons are caused by ITCZ changing between the months. This means that because the earth tilts 23.5 degrees north each year, maximum solar insolation varies, causing low pressure to gather. Hence the monsoons.[![ITCZ at northern and southern hemisphere summers.](https://i.sstatic.net/pgK1I.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/pgK1I.png)

> **Comments:**
> **username_4**: Also, you should define what ITCZ stands for, it may not be clear to everyone. Welcome to Earth Science SE!  

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