<p>I've been looking for information on non-plastic garbage, and haven't had much luck. Plastic waste is an extensively researched topic. I don't have access to  <a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/347/6223/768" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Jambeck et al., <em>Science</em> 2015</a>, but I did find a graphic and summary. The numbers are all year-long totals for 2010.</p>

<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/9yJ4F.jpg" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/9yJ4F.jpg" alt="enter image description here"></a></p>

<p>The study's estimated range of plastic entering the ocean is 4.8 million to 12.7 million metric tons (MMT). </p>

<p>For the United States we can find some other figures to try to complete the picture. According to the <a href="https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/2012_msw_fs.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">EPA</a>, in 2012, the US generated 251 MMT of municipal solid waste (MSW). Of that, 11.7% was burned, 34.5% was recovered by some sort of recycling, and 53.8% was discarded (Fig. 4). Plastics compose 12.7% of pre-recycling waste but 17.6% of post-recycling waste. Biodegradables (here I'm using food, paper, yard trimmings, and wood, but not textiles) consist of 61.7% of trash before recycling and 52.8% after.</p>

<p>So if we assume those ratios can be applied to the plastics sent to the ocean (8 MMT) you get the following:</p>

<ul>
<li><p>Assuming global ocean waste has a similar composition as US
non-recycled waste, there are 63 MMT garbage entering the sea, of
which 39 MMT are biodegradable. </p></li>
<li><p>Assuming global ocean waste has a similar composition as US recycled
waste, there are 45 MMT garbage entering the sea of which 24 MMT are
biodegradable.</p></li>
</ul>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-11-08T10:16:10.647Z
There you go: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.972.4691&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Gimelist
CC BY-SA 3.0
2017-11-09T16:56:52.177Z
@Michael According to that paper, 11% of the waste entering the ocean is plastic, so the 4.8-12.7 MMT range of plastic goes to 38.8-102.7 MMT. So my estimate of 63 MMT wasn't half bad! It doesn't say anything about biodegradables. Thanks for the link.
kingledion
CC BY-SA 3.0
2018-03-28T19:30:35.690Z
As @Michael link doesn't seem to be working anymore. Here is a new one https://www.dropbox.com/s/8635bhugcy2vv9g/Plastic%20waste%20inputs%20from%20land%20into%20the%20ocean.pdf?dl=0
Camilo Rada
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-11-03T15:42:05.767Z
2017-11-09T16:57:27.523Z
2017-11-09T16:57:27.523Z
kingledion
<p>In <a href="http://www.popsci.com/researchers-find-just-how-much-plastic-were-putting-ocean" rel="noreferrer">this article</a>, they mention that:</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>More than 4.8 million metric tons [of] plastic waste gets dumped into the world’s oceans from land each year. And this number is just a conservative estimate. Researchers believe the real amount could be as high as 12.7 million metric tons.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>How much total garbage is going into the Pacific Ocean every year? and what fraction of the garbage is "biodegradable".</p>

<p>In this other <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/great-pacific-garbage-patch-aerial-survey-ocean-cleanup_us_57f2c33be4b01b16aafe80a5" rel="noreferrer">article</a>, they point out that the size of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pacific_garbage_patch" rel="noreferrer">Great Pacific Garbage Patch</a> is much larger than previously thought.  They go on to say that they are developing a technology that will clean up some of the garbage:</p>

<blockquote>
  <p>The organization hopes to deploy its Pacific array in 2020 and says it could remove almost half of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch ― more than 150 million pounds of trash ― in a decade.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>This is great news if it actually works out.  However, how much garbage will still be retained at the sea floor (or suspended below the level at which the garbage can be removed)?</p>

CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-11-02T09:51:45.747Z
That seems to be difficult to calculate. From the [Wikipedia GPGP page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pacific_garbage_patch#Formation): *There is no strong scientific data concerning the origins of pelagic plastics*
Jan Doggen
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-11-02T12:32:28.420Z
The amount is difficult to quantify. The input of large parts of litter, such as derelict fishing gear, might be estimated from the desity of (fishing-)vessels in each ocean area. It is said (I know no acutal scientific publication on this) that large amounts of litter are blown from land-fills into the oceans. In some modelling studies, the litter input along the shore line was related to the population density. However, the land-based input varies regionally (depending on laws and prevention mechanisms). Most litter that is found in the so-called garbage patches takes quite long to degrade.
daniel.heydebreck
CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-11-02T12:37:20.937Z
What is difficult to estimate is the residence time of marine litter items at the sea surface (until they sink). When litter items are colonized by biofilms and mussels they become denser and sink. This processes varies regionally (temperature, species, ...). Therefore, it is difficult to estimate the litter input from the current litter abundance (e.g. by some steady-state calculations).
daniel.heydebreck
<ocean>
How much garbage goes into the Pacific Ocean every year?
f.thorpe
# How much garbage goes into the Pacific Ocean every year?

(Asked by: username_0 on 2016-11-02)

In [this article](http://www.popsci.com/researchers-find-just-how-much-plastic-were-putting-ocean), they mention that:

> More than 4.8 million metric tons [of] plastic waste gets dumped into the world’s oceans from land each year. And this number is just a conservative estimate. Researchers believe the real amount could be as high as 12.7 million metric tons.

How much total garbage is going into the Pacific Ocean every year? and what fraction of the garbage is "biodegradable".

In this other [article](http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/great-pacific-garbage-patch-aerial-survey-ocean-cleanup_us_57f2c33be4b01b16aafe80a5), they point out that the size of the [Great Pacific Garbage Patch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pacific_garbage_patch) is much larger than previously thought. They go on to say that they are developing a technology that will clean up some of the garbage:

> The organization hopes to deploy its Pacific array in 2020 and says it could remove almost half of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch ― more than 150 million pounds of trash ― in a decade.

This is great news if it actually works out. However, how much garbage will still be retained at the sea floor (or suspended below the level at which the garbage can be removed)?

**Tags:** ocean

> **Comments:**
> **username_1**: That seems to be difficult to calculate. From the [Wikipedia GPGP page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pacific_garbage_patch#Formation): *There is no strong scientific data concerning the origins of pelagic plastics*  
> **username_2**: The amount is difficult to quantify. The input of large parts of litter, such as derelict fishing gear, might be estimated from the desity of (fishing-)vessels in each ocean area. It is said (I know no acutal scientific publication on this) that large amounts of litter are blown from land-fills into the oceans. In some modelling studies, the litter input along the shore line was related to the population density. However, the land-based input varies regionally (depending on laws and prevention mechanisms). Most litter that is found in the so-called garbage patches takes quite long to degrade.  
> **username_2**: What is difficult to estimate is the residence time of marine litter items at the sea surface (until they sink). When litter items are colonized by biofilms and mussels they become denser and sink. This processes varies regionally (temperature, species, ...). Therefore, it is difficult to estimate the litter input from the current litter abundance (e.g. by some steady-state calculations).  

---

## 1 answers

### Answer by username_3 on 2016-11-03. Score: 5 | Accepted answer

I've been looking for information on non-plastic garbage, and haven't had much luck. Plastic waste is an extensively researched topic. I don't have access to [Jambeck et al., *Science* 2015](http://science.sciencemag.org/content/347/6223/768), but I did find a graphic and summary. The numbers are all year-long totals for 2010.

[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/9yJ4F.jpg)](https://i.sstatic.net/9yJ4F.jpg)

The study's estimated range of plastic entering the ocean is 4.8 million to 12.7 million metric tons (MMT).

For the United States we can find some other figures to try to complete the picture. According to the [EPA](https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/2012_msw_fs.pdf), in 2012, the US generated 251 MMT of municipal solid waste (MSW). Of that, 11.7% was burned, 34.5% was recovered by some sort of recycling, and 53.8% was discarded (Fig. 4). Plastics compose 12.7% of pre-recycling waste but 17.6% of post-recycling waste. Biodegradables (here I'm using food, paper, yard trimmings, and wood, but not textiles) consist of 61.7% of trash before recycling and 52.8% after.

So if we assume those ratios can be applied to the plastics sent to the ocean (8 MMT) you get the following:

* Assuming global ocean waste has a similar composition as US
  non-recycled waste, there are 63 MMT garbage entering the sea, of
  which 39 MMT are biodegradable.
* Assuming global ocean waste has a similar composition as US recycled
  waste, there are 45 MMT garbage entering the sea of which 24 MMT are
  biodegradable.

> **Comments:**
> **username_4**: There you go: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.972.4691&rep=rep1&type=pdf  
> **username_3**: @Michael According to that paper, 11% of the waste entering the ocean is plastic, so the 4.8-12.7 MMT range of plastic goes to 38.8-102.7 MMT. So my estimate of 63 MMT wasn't half bad! It doesn't say anything about biodegradables. Thanks for the link.  
> **username_5**: As @Michael link doesn't seem to be working anymore. Here is a new one https://www.dropbox.com/s/8635bhugcy2vv9g/Plastic%20waste%20inputs%20from%20land%20into%20the%20ocean.pdf?dl=0  

---

