"el 2eraya betkhali el insan kamel" (Bacon, 1597). el rewayat elli etkatabet bel kottab zay Jane Austen, Victor Hugo we Ernest Hemingway betsa3edna ne3raf aktar 3an tarikhna, thaqaftna we 7agat tanya ketir.
Jane Austen(.) kanet wa7da men ashhar el katabat fel 3alam. etwaldet fi England sanet 1775. Jane kanet bet7eb el 2eraya wel ketaba. katabet 3adad men el rewayat el mash-hora fi 7ayatha. men demnohom, Pride and Prejudice<<>> elli etkatabet fi 1779 kanet el aktar shahra.
Victor Hugo(.), elli etweled fi France sanet 1802, kan wa7ed men a7san el kottab fel qarn el tas3tashar. el mawheba fel ketaba wel shoghl el gamed gabo naga7 kebir le Hugo fi sen so8ayar. ashhar rewaya leeh, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame<>, etkatabet fi 1831. el ketab kan nage7 gamed le daraget eno etargem besor3a le loghat ketir fi Europe.
Ernest Hemingway(.), kateb we reporter amriki momayyaz, etweled fi 1899. khibret 7ayato kan laha ta2sir kebir 3ala osloob ketabto. Hemingway 3ash fi France we Italy ma ben el 1920s wel 1950s. mo3zam kotoboh zay The Sun Also Rises etkatabet fi el wa2t da. keseb Nobel Prize fi 1954 asasan 3ashan rewayat The Old Man and the Sea.
Ernest Hemingway keseb el Nobel Prize asasan 3ashan   _  .
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame Pride and Prejudice The Old Man and the Sea The Sun Also Rises