talat welad kan beyedreso el-kimya le kam shahr bas. bas lehad delwa2ty bada2o yeta7ado 3alem mashhoor 3alamy!

Li Weichi, Huang Runling, we Xiao Yan homma men Zhongshan Huaqiao Middle School fi Guangdong. lesa la2yin koromb a7mar momken yekon no3 gedid men el-acid-base indicator. 3ayzino yakhod makan el-litmus paper.

"e7na et3alemna nefakar we nes2al as2ela 3an el-7ayah be nafsena," Li 2al, "e7na benshta8al kwayes ma3 ba3d."

El-3alem el-britany Robert Boyle ektashaf este5dam el-litmus paper men 300 sana. delwa2ty byesta3melo fi el-tagarob fi kol el-3alam.

Bas lamma el-welad 3amalo tagarob fi el-fasl el-sheta elly fat, la7azo en el-litmus paper makansh beyetlawn azra2 2awi ma3 el-base matter. sa3b ennak tshoof natiga wade7a.

Hal fi indicator a7san men el-litmus paper? el-talat welad 2araro yegarabo yelakooh!

Ezzay? ra7o yegma3o aktar men 40 nabat men el-7ada2e2, el-ganayen we el-aswa2. ba3den ta7ano el-wara2, el-zohoor we el-soo2 3ashan yegibo el-pigments menhom.

El-welad khalato el-pigments ma3 el-acid we el-base. 2a3ado shohoor beyetfarago be ehtimam 3ashan yeshofo anhy wara2 hayezhar a7san ta8yeer fi el-loon. 2araro eno kan el-litmus paper!

"di awel re7let 3elmeyya lena," Huang 2al, "bas khaletny 3ayez a7awel aktar."
eh elly byesta3melo delwa2ty keteer ka acid-base indicator?
koromb a7mar litmus paper ay nabat ay zahra