During pregnancy a number of factors contribute to musculoskeletal problems, these include:
- The release of the hormone relaxin which causes the ligaments to soften throughout the body but particularly around the pelvic area causing some joint laxity.
- An increased lumbar lordosis (curve) due to a change in the body’s centre of gravity.
- Weakening of the pelvic floor and lower abdominals.
Common musculoskeletal complaints during pregnancy include:
- Low back pain – particularly with walking or standing on one leg
- Pelvic girdle related pain – symptoms include pain in the pubic bone with walking, prolonged standing or sitting, turning over in bed and separating the legs
- Thoracic spine pain – this may present itself as generally tightened pain localised to the rib cage or pain when deep breathing.
Following a thorough physical assessment, physiotherapy treatment may include:
- Education regarding posture and back care
- Education regarding the pelvic floor muscles
- Exercises to improve muscle control around the pelvic area and spine
- Soft tissue mobilisation
- Supports – lumbar spine belt and tubigrip