... of it, or you can view it as, and frankly, as i tend to view it, as really more of an attempt to get the parents on board and-

AH1 V-IH1 T-AO1 R-Y-UW1 K-AE1-N V-Y-UW1 IH1 T-AE1 Z-AH0-N-D F-R-AE1-NG K-L-IY0 AE1 Z-AY1 T-EH1-N-D T-UW1 V-Y-UW1 IH1 T-AE1 Z-R-IH1 L-IY0 M-AO1 R-AH1 V-AE1 N-AH0 T-EH1-M-P-T T-UW1 G-EH1-T DH-AH0 P-EH1 R-AH0-N-T S-AA1-N B-AO1-R D-AH0-N-D


they articulate high expectations for parents and their degree of involvement, but it's not clear that they actually follow through or that-

DH-EY1 AA0-R T-IH1 K-Y-AH0 L-AH0-T HH-AY1 EH2-K-S P-EH0-K T-EY1 SH-AH0-N-Z F-AO1-R P-EH1 R-AH0-N-T S-AH0-N-D DH-EH1-R D-IH0 G-R-IY1 AH1 V-IH0-N V-AA1-L V-M-AH0-N-T B-AH1 T-IH1-T S-N-AA1-T K-L-IH1-R DH-AE1-T DH-EY1 AE1-K CH-AH0 W-AH0 L-IY0 F-AA1 L-OW0 TH-R-UW1 AO1-R DH-AE1-T


... there's a lot behind that. they sort of take parental involvement where they can find it, but it's not demanded. but i feel as if at success, that requirement is-

DH-EH1-R Z-AH0 L-AA1-T B-IH0 HH-AY1-N-D DH-AE1-T DH-EY1 S-AO1-R T-AH1-V T-EY1-K P-ER0 EH1-N T-AH0 L-IH0-N V-AA1-L V-M-AH0-N T-W-EH1-R DH-EY1 K-AE1-N F-AY1-N D-IH1-T B-AH1 T-IH1-T S-N-AA1-T D-IH0 M-AE1-N D-AH0-D B-AH1 T-AY1 F-IY1 L-AE1 Z-IH1 F-AE1-T S-AH0-K S-EH1-S DH-AE1 T-R-IH0 K-W-AY1-R M-AH0-N T-IH1-Z


parent. so parents are evaluated by school staff for their level of commitment and their follow through. it's quite remarkable.

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and significantly, at every step along the way, if you do not show up and do not communicate with the school that you have made other plans-

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... for affluence as it were. well, i hope that the book is a little bit more nuanced and does not suggest in any way that the only thing that's going on is-

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... sorting. i think it's just dishonest to suggest that doesn't play a role, because it does set the conditions in the classroom that-

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vocational education has been on the decline in american high schools for several decades, a by-product of state efforts to ramp up academic requirements for high school graduation.

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yeah, four or so. and i think one implication is that there's just a lot of variability in students experience. so some students are taken-

Y-AE1 F-AO1 R-AO1-R S-OW1 AH0-N D-AY1 TH-IH1-NG K-W-AH1 N-IH2-M P-L-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-IH1-Z DH-AE1-T DH-EH1-R-Z JH-AH1-S T-AH0 L-AA1 T-AH1-V V-EH0 R-IY0 AH0 B-IH1 L-IH0 T-IY0 IH0-N-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T S-IH0-K-S P-IH1 R-IY0 AH0-N-S S-OW1 S-AH1-M-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T S-AA1-R T-EY1 K-AH0-N


differ, one of the ways in which there's variation that you all call attention to in the article deals with different types of vocational courses, whether they're-

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research on the topic and consensus that you actually want these programs to be tied to particular kind of careers and paths, rather than just-

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... not just in one school district or one school or even one state. and so we worked with a dataset called the national longitudinal survey of youth, which-

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... on both their career and their personal lives, we're able to track their educational histories in high schools through their transcripts and all-

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... going rates, as students that did not concentrate in cte. and so we think of this as this is definitely, these courses definitely do not-

G-OW1 IH0 NG-R-EY1-T S-AE1-Z-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T-S DH-AE1-T D-IH1 D-N-AA1-T K-AA1-N S-AH0-N T-R-EY2 T-IH0-N K-IY1 AH0-N-D S-OW1 W-IY1 TH-IH1-NG K-AH1-V DH-IH1 S-AE1-Z DH-IH1 S-IH1-Z D-EH1 F-AH0 N-AH0 T-L-IY0 DH-IY1-Z K-AO1-R S-AH0-Z D-EH1 F-AH0 N-AH0 T-L-IY0 D-UW1 N-AA1-T


they are set up as best positioned to answer, is to be able to look at effects on earnings. let me give you just a blanket caveat, which is-

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... more vocational courses might be different than people take more academic courses, and so our best approach to this is to basically try to control for every thing that we can in terms of-

M-AO1-R V-OW0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH0-L K-AO1-R S-AH0 Z-M-AY1-T B-IY1 D-IH1 F-ER0 AH0-N-T DH-AE1-N P-IY1 P-AH0-L T-EY1 K-M-AO1 R-AE2 K-AH0 D-EH1 M-IH0-K K-AO1-R S-AH0 Z-AH0-N-D S-OW1 AW1 ER0 B-EH1-S T-AH0 P-R-OW1-CH T-UW1 DH-IH1 S-IH1-Z T-UW1 B-EY1 S-IH0 K-L-IY0 T-R-AY1 T-UW1 K-AH0-N T-R-OW1-L F-AO1 R-EH1 V-ER0 IY0 TH-IH1-NG DH-AE1 T-W-IY1 K-AE1 N-IH0-N T-ER1-M Z-AH1-V


yeah, so we find that academic courses also are valuable in-

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... having the opportunity to take these courses positively impacts your likelihood of graduating from high school among students that are interested in these types of-

HH-AE1 V-IH0-NG DH-AH0 AA2 P-ER0 T-UW1 N-AH0 T-IY0 T-UW1 T-EY1-K DH-IY1-Z K-AO1-R S-AH0-Z P-AA1 Z-AH0 T-IH0 V-L-IY0 IH2-M P-AE1-K-T S-Y-AO1-R L-AY1 K-L-IY0 HH-UH2 D-AH1-V G-R-AE1 JH-AH0 W-EY2 T-IH0-NG F-R-AH1-M HH-AY1-S K-UW1 L-AH0 M-AH1-NG-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T-S DH-AE1 T-AA1 R-IH1-N T-R-AH0-S T-AH0 D-IH0-N DH-IY1-Z T-AY1-P S-AH1-V


so one is to sort of fight to make sure that high school students have the opportunity to take these courses and a variety of them, particularly specialized courses.

S-OW1 W-AH1 N-IH1-Z T-UW1 S-AO1-R T-AH1-V F-AY1-T T-UW1 M-EY1-K SH-UH1-R DH-AE1-T HH-AY1-S K-UW1-L-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T-S HH-AE1-V DH-AH0 AA2 P-ER0 T-UW1 N-AH0 T-IY0 T-UW1 T-EY1-K DH-IY1-Z K-AO1-R S-AH0 Z-AH0-N D-AH0 V-ER0 AY1 AH0 T-IY0 AH1-V DH-EH1-M P-AA2-R T-IH1 K-Y-AH0 L-ER0 L-IY0-S P-EH1 SH-AH0 L-AY2-Z-D K-AO1-R S-AH0-Z


we've seen an erosion of support financially, and just politically for this type of-

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able to prepare themselves for a specific career path.exactly. exactly.my guest today has been kevin stang, associate professor of public policy-

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the state of louisiana has been the site of some of the most far reaching education reform efforts in the us. among them is the louisiana scholarship program. the statewide-

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... in the bayou, examining the effects of the louisiana scholarship program that will appear in the fall 2019 issue of the journal and is available now at educationnext.org.

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... and that any voucher students who seek to enroll in that particular school, so they can't apply any admission screens.

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but there's a long tradition of private school students taking the state test because it's been required for extracurricular activities in that state for-

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you just told us something about the program's geographic scope and that it's statewide. how about its scale, just in terms of the number of students who participate, who are allowed to participate?

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the participants in the scholarship program are outside of new orleans and private school choice is their main opportunity for parents to choose a school besides their-

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sure, well, we have seen private school choice programs deliver achievement gains in many urban environments where they've been tried.

SH-UH1 R-W-EH1 L-W-IY1 HH-AE1-V S-IY1-N P-R-AY1 V-AH0-T-S K-UW1-L CH-OY1-S P-R-OW1 G-R-AE2-M-Z D-IH0 L-IH1 V-ER0 AH0 CH-IY1 V-M-AH0-N-T G-EY1-N Z-IH0-N M-EH1 N-IY0 ER1 B-AH0 N-IH0-N V-AY1 R-AH0-N M-AH0-N-T S-W-EH1-R DH-EY1-V B-IH1-N T-R-AY1-D


bottom line is that we saw quite substantial negative effects on student achievement in both math and reading in the first year but only the effects in..

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it affects the second year before they switched to that initial test. so there's a lot of sensitivity of these results to the specific tests being implemented the steaks..

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regulatory framework influences the decisions of private schools as to whether or not to participate in the program and that provides a limited and maybe lower quality

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thought experiment for you. as we discussed, your study follows a single cohort of students as they attend a private school over multiple years.

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time for any improvements in the private schools to demonstrate themselves in the test score performance of this first cohort of

T-AY1-M F-AO1 R-EH1 N-IY0 IH0-M P-R-UW1 V-M-AH0-N-T S-IH0-N DH-AH0 P-R-AY1 V-AH0-T-S K-UW1-L-Z T-UW1 D-EH1 M-AH0-N-S T-R-EY2-T DH-EH0-M S-EH1-L-V Z-IH0-N DH-AH0 T-EH1-S-T-S K-AO1-R P-ER0 F-AO1-R M-AH0-N S-AH1-V DH-IH1-S F-ER1-S-T K-OW1 HH-AO0-R T-AH1-V


voucher students. so we really don't know, this is a short term assessment of the achievement effects of the program. we don't know what the effects

V-AW1 CH-ER0-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T-S S-OW1 W-IY1 R-IH1 L-IY0 D-AA1-N T-N-OW1 DH-IH1 S-IH1 Z-AH0 SH-AO1-R-T T-ER1 M-AH0 S-EH1 S-M-AH0-N T-AH1-V DH-AH0 AH0 CH-IY1 V-M-AH0-N T-IH0 F-EH1-K-T S-AH1-V DH-AH0 P-R-OW1 G-R-AE2 M-W-IY1 D-AA1-N T-N-OW1 W-AH1-T DH-AH0 IH0 F-EH1-K-T-S


long-term are, and if the regulatory regime actually has positive effects on

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the vectra students enrolled in colleges at the same rate as control group students, even though they suffered some..

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but is it true? has the availability of charter options led families to sort into schools that are more homogenous than those they would have been assigned to?

B-AH1 T-IH1 Z-IH1-T T-R-UW1 HH-AE1-Z DH-AH0 AH0 V-EY2 L-AH0 B-IH1 L-AH0 T-IY0 AH1-V CH-AA1-R T-ER0 AA1-P SH-AH0-N Z-L-EH1-D F-AE1 M-AH0 L-IY0-Z T-UW1 S-AO1-R T-IH0-N T-UW1-S K-UW1-L-Z DH-AE1 T-AA1-R M-AO1-R HH-AH0 M-AA1 JH-AH0 N-AH0-S DH-AE1-N DH-OW1-Z DH-EY1 W-UH1-D HH-AE1-V B-IH1 N-AH0 S-AY1-N-D T-UW1


charter schools in the u.s. clearly serve a disproportionate share of black and hispanic students. they also clearly make up..

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many people of the same race, specifically students of color attending the same school without a lot of diversity in there. and another way to think about it as think about

M-EH1 N-IY0 P-IY1 P-AH0 L-AH1-V DH-AH0 S-EY1 M-R-EY1-S-S P-AH0 S-IH1 F-IH0 K-L-IY0-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T S-AH1-V K-AH1 L-ER0 AH0 T-EH1-N D-IH0-NG DH-AH0 S-EY1-M-S K-UW1 L-W-IH0 TH-AW1 T-AH0 L-AA1 T-AH1-V D-IH0 V-ER1 S-AH0 T-IY0 IH0-N DH-EH1 R-AH0-N D-AH0 N-AH1 DH-ER0 W-EY1 T-UW1 TH-IH1-NG K-AH0 B-AW1 T-IH1 T-AE1-Z TH-IH1-NG K-AH0 B-AW1-T


it's not so much while it is also important that charter schools are enrolling predominantly student of colors..

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it's about how we're measuring segregation and defining it, but also about not just what charters look like, but what impact charters are having.

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this cause relative segregation that is relative to the composition of my community as a whole. does the schools seem to be "racially balanced"?.

DH-IH1-S K-AA1 Z-R-EH1 L-AH0 T-IH0-V S-EH2 G-R-AH0 G-EY1 SH-AH0-N DH-AE1 T-IH1 Z-R-EH1 L-AH0 T-IH0-V T-UW1 DH-AH0 K-AA2-M P-AH0 Z-IH1 SH-AH0 N-AH1 V-M-AY1 K-AH0 M-Y-UW1 N-AH0 T-IY0 AE1 Z-AH0 HH-OW1-L D-AH1-Z DH-AH0-S K-UW1-L-Z S-IY1-M T-UW1 B-IY1 R-EY1 SH-AH0 L-IY0 B-AE1 L-AH0-N-S-T


minority kid there to be quite exposed to white peers, just because of the demographics and that we wouldn't expect quite the same thing in a place like los angeles unified.

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yeah, i think one way of thinking about it, is if you took the average minority kid in a school district or in a metropolitan area, how you wanted to find

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between these two numbers, right? so it's how much more are minorities exposed to themselves than whites are? and i know it's kind of like a tricky concept to sometimes explain,

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the other side of cities that have had historically a lot of political upheaval and resistance to desegregation efforts versus

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in a sense that is bad variation. those are other explainers that we're trying to clean from our econometric model as we try to focus on this causal effect

IH0 N-AH0 S-EH1-N-S DH-AE1 T-IH1-Z B-AE1-D V-EH2 R-IY0 EY1 SH-AH0-N DH-OW1 Z-AA1 R-AH1 DH-ER0 EH1-K-S P-L-AH0 N-ER0-Z DH-AE1 T-W-ER0 T-R-AY1 IH0-NG T-UW1 K-L-IY1-N F-R-AH1 M-AW1 ER0 IH0 K-AA2 N-AH0 M-EH1 T-R-IH0 K-M-AA1 D-AH0 L-AE1 Z-W-IY1 T-R-AY1 T-UW1 F-OW1 K-AH0 S-AA1-N DH-IH1-S K-AO1 Z-AH0 L-IH0 F-EH1-K-T


and sort of a trade off being that we can't say that this will apply to every single place that our estimates where charters open.

AH0-N-D S-AO1-R T-AH1 V-AH0 T-R-EY1 D-AO1-F B-IY1 IH0-NG DH-AE1 T-W-IY1 K-AE1-N-T S-EY1 DH-AE1-T DH-IH1 S-W-IH1 L-AH0 P-L-AY1 T-UW1 EH1 V-ER0 IY0 S-IH1-NG G-AH0-L P-L-EY1-S DH-AE1 T-AW1 ER0 EH1-S T-AH0 M-AH0-T S-W-EH1-R CH-AA1-R T-ER0 Z-OW1 P-AH0-N


and so, those are the results when you're talking about segregation at the level of this school district. so comparing each individual public school within a geographic school district to the..

AH0-N-D S-OW1 DH-OW1 Z-AA1-R DH-AH0 R-IH0 Z-AH1-L-T S-W-EH1 N-Y-UH1-R T-AO1 K-IH0 NG-AH0 B-AW1-T S-EH2 G-R-AH0 G-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AE1-T DH-AH0 L-EH1 V-AH0 L-AH1-V DH-IH1-S-S K-UW1-L D-IH1-S T-R-IH0-K-T S-OW1 K-AH0-M P-EH1 R-IH0 NG-IY1 CH-IH2-N D-AH0 V-IH1 JH-AH0 W-AH0-L P-AH1 B-L-IH0-K-S K-UW1 L-W-IH0 DH-IH1 N-AH0 JH-IY2 AH0 G-R-AE1 F-IH0-K-S K-UW1-L D-IH1-S T-R-IH0-K-T T-UW1 DH-AH0


the exact same analysis, but sort of being a little bit more agnostic about what is a community. and so we looked at school districts and we saw that that led to increases

DH-AH0 IH0-G Z-AE1-K-T S-EY1 M-AH0 N-AE1 L-AH0 S-AH0-S B-AH1-T S-AO1-R T-AH1-V B-IY1 IH0 NG-AH0 L-IH1 T-AH0-L B-IH1 T-M-AO1 R-AE0 G-N-AA1-S T-IH0 K-AH0 B-AW1 T-W-AH1 T-IH1 Z-AH0 K-AH0 M-Y-UW1 N-AH0 T-IY0 AH0-N-D S-OW1 W-IY1 L-UH1-K T-AE1-T-S K-UW1-L D-IH1-S T-R-IH0-K-T S-AH0-N D-W-IY1 S-AO1 DH-AE1-T DH-AE1 T-L-EH1-D T-UW1 IH1-N K-R-IY2 S-IH0-Z


charging very little indication that charters are leading to more segregation at that level. and while, the technicalities of it start getting a little bit

CH-AA1-R JH-IH0-NG V-EH1 R-IY0 L-IH1 T-AH0 L-IH2-N D-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0-N DH-AE1-T CH-AA1-R T-ER0 Z-AA1-R L-IY1 D-IH0-NG T-UW1 M-AO1-R S-EH2 G-R-AH0 G-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AE1-T DH-AE1 T-L-EH1 V-AH0 L-AH0-N D-W-AY1-L DH-AH0 T-EH2 K-N-IH0 K-AE1 L-AH0 T-IY0 Z-AH1 V-IH1-T-S T-AA1-R-T G-EH1 T-IH0 NG-AH0 L-IH1 T-AH0-L B-IH1-T


compromising, we're seeing some decreases in the segregation between school districts. that is, so it seems that, and we're still exploring this finding. there's still a little bit of

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closing. we're not seeing that these urban school districts are sort of the opposite of white flight into these urban school districts is leading to..

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there's one other aspect of the study that i wanted to ask you about. and that's, in addition to reporting estimates for the nation as a whole concerning the effects of charters, you also..

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nothing specific. all we know is that states are the wants of sort of ripe charter law. and they are the ones that

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as we found such a small effect, we thought that maybe we're finding that in some states, charters were leading to more integrated schools and another's more segregated schools, and so when you..

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my finding suggests, that it's misleading to blame charter schools for increases in the very high levels of segregation many american students experience.

M-AY1 F-AY1-N D-IH0-NG S-AH0-G JH-EH1-S-T-S DH-AE1 T-IH1-T S-M-IH0 S-L-IY1 D-IH0-NG T-UW1 B-L-EY1-M CH-AA1-R T-ER0-S K-UW1-L-Z F-AO1 R-IH1-N K-R-IY2 S-IH0 Z-IH0-N DH-AH0 V-EH1 R-IY0 HH-AY1 L-EH1 V-AH0-L Z-AH1-V S-EH2 G-R-AH0 G-EY1 SH-AH0-N M-EH1 N-IY0 AH0 M-EH1 R-AH0 K-AH0-N-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T S-IH0-K-S P-IH1 R-IY0 AH0-N-S


perhaps, this evidence shows that they're not going to completely bring us back to the 1950s era of segregation.

P-ER0 HH-AE1-P-S DH-IH1 S-EH1 V-AH0 D-AH0-N-S SH-OW1-Z DH-AE1-T TH-EH1-R N-AA1-T G-OW1 IH0-NG T-UW1 K-AH0-M P-L-IY1 T-L-IY0 B-R-IH1 NG-AH1-S B-AE1-K T-UW1 DH-AH0 N-AY1-N T-IY1-N F-IH1-F T-IY0 Z-EH1 R-AH0 AH1-V S-EH2 G-R-AH0 G-EY1 SH-AH0-N


but, that growth has since stalled and may even have reversed raising alarm at colleges that have come to rely on a steady stream of foreign students to remain viable. are we

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entering a toronto based consultancy? alex is the author of the new article, has president trump's scared away all the foreign students, that will appear in the fall 2019 issue of the journal.

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have taken the place that out of state students used to take. they're not subject to the same kinds of restrictions on tuition. so for public institutions that can be particularly

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over 50% of their income is coming from international students at some of their big research universities, because, they're charging 30,000 australian dollars and they'll do it too.

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we'll defer a little bit, you're looking at a hog mid to high single digit percentage point loss in the number of international students in the u.s. since 2017.

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so one of the big questions here is whether this recent slow down or even decline in the number of international students enrolled in the u.s. is a harbinger

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sort of continues across cohorts and eventually shows up in the numbers, four years from now as a..

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the thing that you're most concerned about and survey after survey shows us is security. and i would say that particularly for institutions in..

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and i guess the question that raises for me, is if that was the strategy that these institutions were increasingly relying on over time, depending..

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turns 18. cause there was a big drop in the birth rate around 2008. and i think a lot of institutions were gearing up their international numbers precisely to take advantage of that..

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my guest today has been alex osher, president of higher education strategy associates and author of has president trump scared away all the foreign students available now at education. next step..

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that's in contrast to some of the best research on reducing absenteeism that has been done in chicago public schools with the urban education lab,

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generated, our intervention that i just described reduces absenteeism by at a cost of about $5 per net day generator, one, 100th as

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fuzzy, right?well, first of all, the tax credit scholarship idea was given birth in states about 18 states already have this.

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exactly right. and one of the things we want to make sure is that once a family has a scholarship and a good situation for their child,

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they would start doing things to the private school participants and other education providers that would be counter productive.

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well, first of all, i totally your premise, no bill passes in this environment without it being a bipartisan bill.

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over time is more women came into the labor market. and as the occupations opened up, suddenly women were becoming

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discounting pay by 22% compared to a comparable worker in terms of experience and skills and gender,

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all of the current teaching force. and we, i basically think that teachers are working as hard as they can, and as effectively as they can.

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dear districts. these are the glory days. are you ready for tomorrow's financial pain that you can find on the journal's website@educationnext.org, and will be the focus of our..

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more resources in states for education. and that the revenue for districts has exceeded-

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last year's expenditures and we're due for some economic stumble. and i'll be vague on that because i had done-

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when the economy dips and teachers don't leave their jobs and you don't have a shortage and you start talking about a reduction in force, but that's probably-

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maybe that they just don't grow as fast as they hoped. and so let's say state revenues are flat. well, districts can't survive on flat revenues without-

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cap local money. and we're going to try to really fund education out of state funds. that can be good for equity, but it can be tough in an economic downturn.

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[inaudible 00:01:04] and suddenly during economic downturn teachers don't leave, or they don't leave at higher rates. and so a lot of us, when the teachers stick around, they earn-

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they earn higher salaries than the brand new teachers coming in at the bottom end. so if you don't have that constant replacement going on, that you have during an economic strong period-

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get the political backlash or the stakeholders get frustrated. and then they end up going over to the corner and cutting this other thing instead. and so we suggest that districts try-

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recommendation that districts resist more hiring, even in the good times, reminded me of an article that we ran in education next, all the way back in the winter of 2004, by-

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which was about districts struggles to downsize. and one of the dynamics that he identified was this use it or lose it mentality that-

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talk ourselves into another benefits load. and that can be, the benefits is going up higher, growing faster than any other part of the budget-

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and we won't have as much money to potentially raise the salaries of the staff that we have. and so, part of what we make the suggestion here is to keep-

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during a downturn and a district's only going to be in position to take advantage of that window of opportunity, if they have some resources available to do so.

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rush out right now when the labor market's really thin, and it's hard to hire people and do all our hiring now, because it seems like a boom year, then what we don't get done is-

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extracurriculars, or we're eliminating some of our foreign language programs. and what you see is a district-wide reaction to that.

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and retirement, they might say, i'm going to resist hiring a new vice principal, because that allows me to protect whatever it is, foreign language program or the extracurriculars or-

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but are there places that have taken this advice? are there examples you can point to, of farsighted fiscal management in school districts right now?

B-AH1 T-AA1-R DH-EH1-R P-L-EY1 S-AH0-Z DH-AE1-T HH-AE1-V T-EY1 K-AH0-N DH-IH1 S-AE0-D V-AY1 S-AA1-R DH-EH1 R-IH0-G Z-AE1-M P-AH0-L Z-Y-UW1 K-AE1-N P-OY1-N-T T-UW1 AH1-V F-AA1-R S-AY1 T-AH0-D F-IH1-S K-AH0-L M-AE1 N-AH0 JH-M-AH0-N T-IH0-N-S K-UW1-L D-IH1-S T-R-IH0-K-T S-R-AY1 T-N-AW1


several decades. and i mean several decades, going back to the 1970s and forward. the districts do the opposite where they rushed out whenever they had extra money and did hiring.

S-EH1 V-R-AH0-L D-EH0 K-EY1-D Z-AH0-N D-AY1 M-IY1-N S-EH1 V-R-AH0-L D-EH0 K-EY1-D-Z G-OW1 IH0-NG B-AE1-K T-UW1 DH-AH0 N-AY1-N T-IY1-N S-EH1 V-AH0-N T-IY0 Z-AH0-N-D F-AO1 R-W-ER0-D DH-AH0 D-IH1-S T-R-IH0-K-T-S D-UW1 DH-AH0 AA1 P-AH0 Z-AH0 T-W-EH1-R DH-EY1 R-AH1-SH T-AW1 T-W-EH0 N-EH1 V-ER0 DH-EY1 HH-AE1 D-EH1-K-S T-R-AH0 M-AH1 N-IY0 AH0-N-D D-IH1-D HH-AY1 R-IH0-NG


and i also think that there was a lack of a real thoughtfulness in denver and elsewhere of with this-

AH0-N D-AY1 AO1-L S-OW0 TH-IH1-NG-K DH-AE1-T DH-EH1 R-W-AA1 Z-AH0 L-AE1 K-AH1 V-AH0 R-IY1-L TH-AO1-T F-AH0-L N-IH0 S-IH0-N D-EH1-N V-ER0 AH0-N D-EH1-L S-W-EH2 R-AH1 V-W-IH1-DH DH-IH1-S


furthers the common goal of equity and make sure that all public schools are working together in a way that means better opportunities, particularly-

F-ER1 DH-ER0-Z DH-AH0 K-AA1 M-AH0-N G-OW1 L-AH1 V-EH1 K-W-AH0 T-IY0 AH0-N D-M-EY1-K SH-UH1-R DH-AE1 T-AO1-L P-AH1 B-L-IH0-K-S K-UW1-L Z-AA1 R-W-ER1 K-IH0-NG T-AH0 G-EH1 DH-ER0 IH0 N-AH0 W-EY1 DH-AE1 T-M-IY1-N-Z B-EH1 T-ER0 AA2 P-ER0 T-UW1 N-AH0 T-IY0-Z P-AA2-R T-IH1 K-Y-AH0 L-ER0 L-IY0


in neighborhoods. but most importantly, in our poor neighborhoods, have better schools that are more dynamic, that attract and keep talent, that offer the best possible-

IH0-N N-EY1 B-ER0 HH-UH2-D-Z B-AH1 T-M-OW1-S T-IH0-M P-AO1-R T-AH0-N T-L-IY0 IH0 N-AW1 ER0 P-UH1-R N-EY1 B-ER0 HH-UH2-D-Z HH-AE1-V B-EH1 T-ER0-S K-UW1-L-Z DH-AE1 T-AA1-R M-AO1-R D-AY0 N-AE1 M-IH0-K DH-AE1 T-AH0 T-R-AE1-K T-AH0-N-D K-IY1-P T-AE1 L-AH0-N-T DH-AE1 T-AO1 F-ER0 DH-AH0 B-EH1-S-T P-AA1 S-AH0 B-AH0-L


except maybe new orleans, is charters are just as coequally public schools in terms of their rules and requirements on serving all kids-

IH0-K S-EH1-P T-M-EY1 B-IY0 N-UW1 AO1-R L-IY0 AH0-N Z-IH1-Z CH-AA1-R T-ER0 Z-AA1-R JH-AH1-S T-AE1-Z K-OW0 K-EH1 W-AH0 L-IY0 P-AH1 B-L-IH0-K-S K-UW1-L Z-IH0-N T-ER1-M Z-AH1-V DH-EH1-R R-UW1-L Z-AH0-N D-R-IH0 K-W-AY1-R M-AH0-N-T S-AA1-N S-ER1 V-IH0 NG-AO1-L K-IH1-D-Z


but we had a very committed school board committed to how do we improve opportunities, particularly for our highest needs kids. and i think there are a couple key pieces to that, one-

B-AH1 T-W-IY1 HH-AE1 D-AH0 V-EH1 R-IY0 K-AH0 M-IH1 T-AH0-D-S K-UW1-L B-AO1-R-D K-AH0 M-IH1 T-AH0-D T-UW1 HH-AW1 D-UW1 W-IY1 IH0-M P-R-UW1 V-AA2 P-ER0 T-UW1 N-AH0 T-IY0-Z P-AA2-R T-IH1 K-Y-AH0 L-ER0 L-IY0 F-AO1 R-AW1 ER0 HH-AY1 AH0-S T-N-IY1-D-Z K-IH1-D Z-AH0-N D-AY1 TH-IH1-NG-K DH-EH1 R-AA1 R-AH0 K-AH1 P-AH0-L K-IY1 P-IY1 S-AH0-Z T-UW1 DH-AE1 T-W-AH1-N


in this extraordinarily challenging, complex profession that teacher's in and helped us keep and grow so many more of our talented teachers. and i think that-

IH0-N DH-IH1 S-IH0-K-S T-R-AO2-R D-AH0 N-EH1 R-AH0 L-IY0 CH-AE1 L-AH0-N JH-IH0-NG K-AA1-M P-L-EH0-K-S P-R-AH0 F-EH1 SH-AH0-N DH-AE1-T T-IY1 CH-ER0 Z-IH0 N-AH0-N-D HH-EH1-L-P T-AH1-S K-IY1 P-AH0-N-D G-R-OW1 S-OW1 M-EH1 N-IY0 M-AO1 R-AH1 V-AW1 ER0 T-AE1 L-AH0-N T-AH0-D T-IY1 CH-ER0 Z-AH0-N D-AY1 TH-IH1-NG-K DH-AE1-T


30% during that timeframe of so many families stayed in denver or came to denver because of the schools.

TH-ER1 D-IY0 P-ER0 S-EH1-N-T D-UH1 R-IH0-NG DH-AE1-T T-AY1-M F-R-EY2 M-AH1-V S-OW1 M-EH1 N-IY0 F-AE1 M-AH0 L-IY0-Z-S T-EY1 D-IH0-N D-EH1-N V-ER0 AO1-R K-EY1-M T-UW1 D-EH1-N V-ER0 B-IH0 K-AO1 Z-AH1-V DH-AH0-S K-UW1-L-Z


rather on the extent to which they provide opportunities for students from low-income families, whether it's the share of students receiving federal pell grants, or the share from the-

R-AE1 DH-ER0 AA1-N DH-AH0 IH0-K-S T-EH1-N-T T-UW1 W-IH1-CH DH-EY1 P-R-AH0 V-AY1 D-AA2 P-ER0 T-UW1 N-AH0 T-IY0-Z F-AO1-R-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T-S F-R-AH1 M-L-OW1 AH0 K-N-OW2-M F-AE1 M-AH0 L-IY0 Z-W-EH1 DH-ER0 IH1-T-S DH-AH0 SH-EH1 R-AH1-V-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T S-R-AH0 S-IY1 V-IH0-NG F-EH1 D-ER0 AH0-L P-EH1-L G-R-AE1-N-T S-AO1-R DH-AH0 SH-EH1-R F-R-AH1-M DH-AH0


which is called the missing one-offs, was really the first to identify the fact that there were many more low income, high achieving students than were going to selective colleges and university-

W-IH1 CH-IH1-Z K-AO1-L-D DH-AH0 M-IH1 S-IH0 NG-W-AH1 N-IY0-F S-W-AA1 Z-R-IH1 L-IY0 DH-AH0 F-ER1-S-T T-UW1 AY0 D-EH1-N T-AH0 F-AY2 DH-AH0 F-AE1-K-T DH-AE1-T DH-EH1 R-W-ER0 M-EH1 N-IY0 M-AO1-R L-OW1 IH1-N K-AH2-M HH-AY1 AH0 CH-IY1 V-IH0-NG-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T-S DH-AE1 N-W-ER0 G-OW1 IH0-NG T-UW1 S-AH0 L-EH1-K T-IH0-V K-AA1 L-IH0 JH-IH0 Z-AH0-N D-Y-UW2 N-AH0 V-ER1 S-AH0 T-IY0


high school where they happen to be the low income student who was very high achieving. and they were being not reached by colleges and universities, and they were ending up not applying-

HH-AY1-S K-UW1 L-W-EH1-R DH-EY1 HH-AE1 P-AH0-N T-UW1 B-IY1 DH-AH0 L-OW1 IH1-N K-AH2-M-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T HH-UW1 W-AA1-Z V-EH1 R-IY0 HH-AY1 AH0 CH-IY1 V-IH0 NG-AH0-N-D DH-EY1 W-ER0 B-IY1 IH0-NG N-AA1 T-R-IY1-CH-T B-AY1 K-AA1 L-IH0 JH-IH0 Z-AH0-N D-Y-UW2 N-AH0 V-ER1 S-AH0 T-IY0 Z-AH0-N-D DH-EY1 W-ER0 EH1-N D-IH0 NG-AH1 P-N-AA1 T-AH0 P-L-AY1 IH0-NG


the problem that you identify is that they confound differences in college's effort to enroll low income students with differences in the colleges circumstances-

DH-AH0 P-R-AA1 B-L-AH0-M DH-AE1 T-Y-UW1 AY0 D-EH1-N T-AH0 F-AY2 IH1-Z DH-AE1-T DH-EY1 K-AA0-N F-AW1-N-D D-IH1 F-ER0 AH0-N S-IH0 Z-IH0-N K-AA1 L-IH0 JH-IH0 Z-EH1 F-ER0-T T-UW1 EH0 N-R-OW1-L L-OW1 IH1-N K-AH2-M-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T S-W-IH1-DH D-IH1 F-ER0 AH0-N S-IH0 Z-IH0-N DH-AH0 K-AA1 L-IH0 JH-IH0-Z S-ER1 K-AH0-M-S T-AE2-N S-AH0-Z


national income distribution. so it would do very well on what's called the bottom quintile measure, and also it would do very well on the pell share measure at the-

N-AE1 SH-AH0 N-AH0 L-IH1-N K-AH2-M D-IH2-S T-R-AH0 B-Y-UW1 SH-AH0-N S-OW1 IH1 T-W-UH1-D D-UW1 V-EH1 R-IY0 W-EH1 L-AA1 N-W-AH0-T-S K-AO1-L-D DH-AH0 B-AA1 T-AH0-M K-W-IH1-N T-IH0-L M-EH1 ZH-ER0 AH0-N D-AO1-L S-OW0 IH1 T-W-UH1-D D-UW1 V-EH1 R-IY0 W-EH1 L-AA1-N DH-AH0 P-EH1-L SH-EH1-R M-EH1 ZH-ER0 AE1-T DH-AH0


the university of wisconsin, located in wisconsin, faces a relevant pool of students whose parents have unusually equal incomes-

DH-AH0 Y-UW2 N-AH0 V-ER1 S-AH0 T-IY0 AH1 V-W-IH0-S K-AA1-N S-AH0 N-L-OW1 K-EY2 T-AH0 D-IH0 N-W-IH0-S K-AA1-N S-AH0-N F-EY1 S-AH0 Z-AH0 R-EH1 L-AH0 V-AH0-N-T P-UW1 L-AH1-V-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T-S HH-UW1-Z P-EH1 R-AH0-N-T-S HH-AE1 V-AH0 N-Y-UW1 ZH-AH0 W-AH0 L-IY0 IY1 K-W-AH0 L-IH1-N K-AH2-M-Z


and i think that's a good thing. and most people think that is a good thing for children, that they're growing up in an environment, which is very equal.

AH0-N D-AY1 TH-IH1-NG-K TH-AE1-T S-AH0 G-UH1-D TH-IH1 NG-AH0-N D-M-OW1-S-T P-IY1 P-AH0-L TH-IH1-NG-K DH-AE1 T-IH1 Z-AH0 G-UH1-D TH-IH1-NG F-AO1-R CH-IH1-L D-R-AH0-N DH-AE1-T TH-EH1-R G-R-OW1 IH0 NG-AH1 P-IH0 N-AE1 N-IH0-N V-AY1 R-AH0-N M-AH0-N T-W-IH1 CH-IH1-Z V-EH1 R-IY0 IY1 K-W-AH0-L


criteria that are important to the mission and goals of the university, that is up to them, and that should not be decided by a couple of outside economists or a little team of-

K-R-AY0 T-IH1 R-IY0 AH0 DH-AE1 T-AA1 R-IH0-M P-AO1-R T-AH0-N-T T-UW1 DH-AH0 M-IH1 SH-AH0 N-AH0-N-D G-OW1-L Z-AH1-V DH-AH0 Y-UW2 N-AH0 V-ER1 S-AH0 T-IY0 DH-AE1 T-IH1 Z-AH1-P T-UW1 DH-EH1 M-AH0-N-D DH-AE1-T SH-UH1 D-N-AA1-T B-IY1 D-IH0 S-AY1 D-IH0-D B-AY1 AH0 K-AH1 P-AH0 L-AH1 V-AW1-T S-AY1 D-IH0 K-AA1 N-AH0 M-IH0-S-T S-AO1 R-AH0 L-IH1 T-AH0-L T-IY1 M-AH1-V


maybe bring them up to speed with a summer camp or tutoring before they come in, or a special enrichment courses in their senior year or something like-

M-EY1 B-IY0 B-R-IH1-NG DH-EH1 M-AH1-P T-UW1-S P-IY1 D-W-IH1 DH-AH0 S-AH1 M-ER0 K-AE1-M P-AO1-R T-UW1 T-ER0 IH0-NG B-IH0 F-AO1-R DH-EY1 K-AH1 M-IH0 N-AO1 R-AH0-S P-EH1 SH-AH0 L-EH0 N-R-IH1 CH-M-AH0-N-T K-AO1-R S-AH0 Z-IH0-N DH-EH1-R S-IY1 N-Y-ER0 Y-IH1 R-AO1-R S-AH1-M TH-IH0 NG-L-AY1-K


these other rankings are already out there, as you mentioned previously, there are proposals to tie explicit incentives to them, they're-

DH-IY1 Z-AH1 DH-ER0 R-AE1-NG K-IH0-NG Z-AA1 R-AO0-L R-EH1 D-IY0 AW1-T DH-EH1 R-AE1 Z-Y-UW1 M-EH1-N SH-AH0-N-D P-R-IY1 V-IY0 AH0 S-L-IY0 DH-EH1 R-AA1-R P-R-AH0 P-OW1 Z-AH0-L-Z T-UW1 T-AY1 IH0-K-S P-L-IH1 S-AH0 T-IH0-N S-EH1-N T-IH0-V-Z T-UW1 DH-EH1-M TH-EH1-R


distorted heir behavior. so, let me give you a first example of what schools do to distort their behavior. and this is really a disturbing one-

D-IH0-S T-AO1-R T-AH0 D-EH1-R B-IH0 HH-EY1 V-Y-ER0 S-OW1 L-EH1 T-M-IY1 G-IH1 V-Y-UW1 AH0 F-ER1-S T-IH0-G Z-AE1-M P-AH0 L-AH1 V-W-AH1-T-S K-UW1-L-Z D-UW1 T-UW1 D-IH0-S T-AO1-R-T DH-EH1-R B-IH0 HH-EY1 V-Y-ER0 AH0-N-D DH-IH1 S-IH1 Z-R-IH1 L-IY0 AH0 D-IH0-S T-ER1 B-IH0 NG-W-AH1-N


hold. the school gets no credit on these rankings for that student. and yet, in order to enroll that student, you need to give that student generous financial aid, too. so what-

HH-OW1-L-D DH-AH0-S K-UW1-L G-EH1-T S-N-OW1 K-R-EH1 D-AH0 T-AA1-N DH-IY1 Z-R-AE1-NG K-IH0-NG-Z F-AO1-R DH-AE1-T-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N T-AH0-N D-Y-EH1 T-IH0 N-AO1-R D-ER0 T-UW1 EH0 N-R-OW1-L DH-AE1-T-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N T-Y-UW1 N-IY1-D T-UW1 G-IH1-V DH-AE1-T-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T JH-EH1 N-ER0 AH0-S F-AH0 N-AE1-N SH-AH0 L-EY1-D T-UW1 S-OW1 W-AH1-T


income, removing the financial aid from them. and that's not too surprising when you think about the incentives that these schools are given by these rankings, they get credit-

IH1-N K-AH2 M-R-IY0 M-UW1 V-IH0-NG DH-AH0 F-AH0 N-AE1-N SH-AH0 L-EY1-D F-R-AH1-M DH-EH1 M-AH0-N-D TH-AE1-T S-N-AA1-T T-UW1 S-ER0 P-R-AY1 Z-IH0 NG-W-EH1 N-Y-UW1 TH-IH1-NG K-AH0 B-AW1-T DH-AH0 IH0-N S-EH1-N T-IH0-V-Z DH-AE1-T DH-IY1-Z-S K-UW1-L Z-AA1-R G-IH1 V-AH0-N B-AY1 DH-IY1 Z-R-AE1-NG K-IH0-NG-Z DH-EY1 G-EH1-T K-R-EH1 D-AH0-T


they think, well, it's reasonable that schools are very interested in the pell eligible students because they're getting this federal grant and the students above the pell eligible-

DH-EY1 TH-IH1-NG K-W-EH1 L-IH1-T S-R-IY1 Z-AH0 N-AH0 B-AH0-L DH-AE1-T-S K-UW1-L Z-AA1-R V-EH1 R-IY0 IH1-N T-R-AH0-S T-AH0 D-IH0-N DH-AH0 P-EH1 L-EH1 L-AH0 JH-AH0 B-AH0-L-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T-S B-IH0 K-AO1-Z TH-EH1-R G-EH1 T-IH0-NG DH-IH1-S F-EH1 D-ER0 AH0-L G-R-AE1-N T-AH0-N-D DH-AH0-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T S-AH0 B-AH1-V DH-AH0 P-EH1 L-EH1 L-AH0 JH-AH0 B-AH0-L


several hundred dollars. instead, they're eager to get them because they get credit for each pell grant eligible student in these rankings. and we have seen schools-

S-EH1 V-R-AH0-L HH-AH1-N D-R-AH0-D D-AA1 L-ER0 Z-IH0-N-S T-EH1-D TH-EH1 R-IY1 G-ER0 T-UW1 G-EH1-T DH-EH1-M B-IH0 K-AO1-Z DH-EY1 G-EH1-T K-R-EH1 D-AH0-T F-AO1 R-IY1-CH P-EH1-L G-R-AE1-N T-EH1 L-AH0 JH-AH0 B-AH0-L-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N T-IH0-N DH-IY1 Z-R-AE1-NG K-IH0-NG Z-AH0-N D-W-IY1 HH-AE1-V S-IY1-N-S K-UW1-L-Z


and that is that a college or university can simply lower its admission standards for students whom it thinks will be-

AH0-N-D DH-AE1 T-IH1-Z DH-AE1 T-AH0 K-AA1 L-IH0 JH-AO1 R-Y-UW2 N-AH0 V-ER1 S-AH0 T-IY0 K-AE1-N S-IH1-M P-L-IY0 L-OW1 ER0 IH1-T S-AE0 D-M-IH1 SH-AH0-N-S T-AE1-N D-ER0-D-Z F-AO1-R-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T-S HH-UW1 M-IH1-T TH-IH1-NG-K S-W-IH1-L B-IY1


from its educational mission, just in order to do better on these rankings in the way that also the old us news and world report-

F-R-AH1 M-IH1-T S-EH2 JH-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH0-L M-IH1 SH-AH0-N JH-AH1-S T-IH0 N-AO1-R D-ER0 T-UW1 D-UW1 B-EH1 T-ER0 AA1-N DH-IY1 Z-R-AE1-NG K-IH0-NG Z-IH0-N DH-AH0 W-EY1 DH-AE1 T-AO1-L S-OW0 DH-AH0 OW1-L D-AH1 S-N-UW1 Z-AH0-N D-W-ER1-L D-R-IY0 P-AO1-R-T


there are plenty of qualified, low income students out there whom they could recruit. the reason why they're lowering their admission standards is that they are determined-

DH-EH1 R-AA1-R P-L-EH1-N T-IY0 AH1-V K-W-AA1 L-AH0 F-AY2 D-L-OW1 IH1-N K-AH2-M-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T S-AW1-T DH-EH1-R HH-UW1-M DH-EY1 K-UH1 D-R-AH0 K-R-UW1-T DH-AH0 R-IY1 Z-AH0 N-W-AY1 TH-EH1-R L-OW1 ER0 IH0-NG DH-EH1 R-AE0 D-M-IH1 SH-AH0-N-S T-AE1-N D-ER0-D Z-IH1-Z DH-AE1-T DH-EY1 AA1-R D-IH0 T-ER1 M-AH0-N-D


my guest today has been caroline hoxby, professor of economics at stanford, senior fellow at the hoover institution and co-author of the right way to measure college opportunity, available now at education-

M-AY1 G-EH1-S-T T-AH0 D-EY1 HH-AE1-Z B-IH1-N K-EH1 R-AH0 L-AY2-N HH-AA1-K-S B-IY0 P-R-AH0 F-EH1 S-ER0 AH1 V-EH2 K-AH0 N-AA1 M-IH0-K S-AE1-T-S T-AE1-N F-ER0-D S-IY1 N-Y-ER0 F-EH1 L-OW0 AE1-T DH-AH0 HH-UW1 V-ER0 IH2-N-S T-IH0 T-UW1 SH-AH0 N-AH0-N-D K-OW1 AA1 TH-ER0 AH1-V DH-AH0 R-AY1 T-W-EY1 T-UW1 M-EH1 ZH-ER0 K-AA1 L-IH0 JH-AA2 P-ER0 T-UW1 N-AH0 T-IY0 AH0 V-EY1 L-AH0 B-AH0-L N-AW1 AE1 T-EH2 JH-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0-N


a nutshell, this debate is about what schools receiving federal funding must do to protect students from and respond to allegations of sexual harassment and-

AH0 N-AH1-T SH-EH2-L DH-IH1-S D-AH0 B-EY1 T-IH1 Z-AH0 B-AW1 T-W-AH1-T-S K-UW1-L Z-R-AH0 S-IY1 V-IH0-NG F-EH1 D-ER0 AH0-L F-AH1-N D-IH0-NG M-AH1-S-T D-UW1 T-UW1 P-R-AH0 T-EH1-K-T-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T-S F-R-AH1 M-AH0-N D-R-IH0-S P-AA1-N-D T-UW1 AE2 L-AH0 G-EY1 SH-AH0-N Z-AH1-V S-EH1-K SH-UW0 AH0-L HH-ER0 AE1 S-M-AH0-N T-AH0-N-D


different contexts. the rules that were first applied to elementary and secondary schools that transferred and the modified to apply to colleges-

D-IH1 F-ER0 AH0-N-T K-AA1-N T-EH2-K-S-T-S DH-AH0 R-UW1-L-Z DH-AE1 T-W-ER0 F-ER1-S T-AH0 P-L-AY1-D T-UW1 EH2 L-AH0 M-EH1-N T-R-IY0 AH0-N-D S-EH1 K-AH0-N D-EH2 R-IY0-S K-UW1-L-Z DH-AE1-T T-R-AE0-N-S F-ER1 D-AH0-N-D DH-AH0 M-AA1 D-AH0 F-AY2-D T-UW1 AH0 P-L-AY1 T-UW1 K-AA1 L-IH0 JH-IH0-Z


very important only if they had, number one, actual knowledge of the misconduct and, number two, reacted with-

V-EH1 R-IY0 IH0-M P-AO1-R T-AH0-N T-OW1 N-L-IY0 IH1-F DH-EY1 HH-AE1 D-N-AH1-M B-ER0 W-AH1 N-AE1-K CH-AH0 W-AH0-L N-AA1 L-AH0 JH-AH1-V DH-AH0 M-IH2-S K-AA0-N D-AH1-K T-AH0-N D-N-AH1-M B-ER0 T-UW1 R-IY0 AE1-K T-AH0 D-W-IH1-DH


and just to make sure there wasn't going to be a lot of federal oversight, the supreme court said that-

AH0-N-D JH-AH1-S-T T-UW1 M-EY1-K SH-UH1-R DH-EH1 R-W-AO1-S-T G-OW1 IH0-NG T-UW1 B-IY1 AH0 L-AA1 T-AH1-V F-EH1 D-ER0 AH0 L-OW1 V-ER0 S-AY2-T DH-AH0 S-AH0 P-R-IY1-M K-AO1-R-T S-EH1-D DH-AE1-T


so, the regulation remains in place through the george w. bush administration, and then that brings us into the obama administration-

S-OW1 DH-AH0 R-EH2 G-Y-AH0 L-EY1 SH-AH0 N-R-IH0 M-EY1-N Z-IH0-N P-L-EY1-S TH-R-UW1 DH-AH0 JH-AO1-R-JH D-AH1 B-AH0 L-Y-UW0 B-UH1 SH-AE0 D-M-IH2 N-IH0-S T-R-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH0-N-D DH-EH1-N DH-AE1-T B-R-IH1-NG Z-AH1 S-IH0-N T-UW1 DH-AH0 OW2 B-AA1 M-AH0 AE0 D-M-IH2 N-IH0-S T-R-EY1 SH-AH0-N


this took two regulatory forums. the first was a 2011, dear colleague letter-

DH-IH1-S T-UH1-K T-UW1 R-EH1 G-Y-AH0 L-AH0 T-AO2 R-IY0 F-AO1 R-AH0-M-Z DH-AH0 F-ER1-S T-W-AA1 Z-AH0 T-W-EH1-N T-IY0 IH0 L-EH1 V-AH0-N D-IH1-R K-AA1 L-IY0 G-L-EH1 T-ER0


since they couldn't go to court, was to have investigations that were reputation damaging for institutions and very expensive-

S-IH1-N-S DH-EY1 K-AW1-L D-AH0-N-T G-OW1 T-UW1 K-AO1-R T-W-AA1-Z T-UW1 HH-AE1 V-IH0-N V-EH2-S T-AH0 G-EY1 SH-AH0-N-Z DH-AE1 T-W-ER0 R-EH2 P-Y-AH0 T-EY1 SH-AH0-N D-AE1 M-IH0 JH-IH0-NG F-AO1 R-IH2-N-S T-IH0 T-UW1 SH-AH0-N Z-AH0-N-D V-EH1 R-IY0 IH0-K-S P-EH1-N S-IH0-V


that male student cannot cross examine the female student. it has to be done through an intermediary, a lawyer or some other representative. number two-

DH-AE1 T-M-EY1-L-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T K-AE1 N-AA0-T K-R-AO1 S-IH0-G Z-AE1 M-IH0-N DH-AH0 F-IY1 M-EY2-L-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N T-IH1-T HH-AE1-Z T-UW1 B-IY1 D-AH1-N TH-R-UW1 AE1 N-IH2 N-ER0 M-IY1 D-IY0 EH0 R-IY0 AH0 L-AO1 Y-ER0 AO1-R S-AH1 M-AH1 DH-ER0 R-EH2 P-R-AH0 Z-EH1-N T-AH0 T-IH0 V-N-AH1-M B-ER0 T-UW1


not sure how surprising it is that the debate has taken on this characteristic. let me ask about two other-

N-AA1-T SH-UH1-R HH-AW1 S-ER0 P-R-AY1 Z-IH0 NG-IH1 T-IH1-Z DH-AE1-T DH-AH0 D-AH0 B-EY1-T HH-AE1-Z T-EY1 K-AH0 N-AA1-N DH-IH1-S K-EH2 R-AH0-K T-ER0 IH1-S T-IH0 K-L-EH1 T-M-IY1 AE1-S K-AH0 B-AW1-T T-UW1 AH1 DH-ER0


so, the next step is the department is going to have to go through these in detail, and according to court requirements, respond to all significant comments.

S-OW1 DH-AH0 N-EH1-K-S-T-S T-EH1 P-IH1-Z DH-AH0 D-IH0 P-AA1-R T-M-AH0-N T-IH1-Z G-OW1 IH0-NG T-UW1 HH-AE1-V T-UW1 G-OW1 TH-R-UW1 DH-IY1 Z-IH0-N D-IH0 T-EY1 L-AH0-N D-AH0 K-AO1-R D-IH0-NG T-UW1 K-AO1-R T-R-IH0 K-W-AY1-R M-AH0-N-T S-R-IH0-S P-AA1-N-D T-UW1 AO1-L S-AH0 G-N-IH1 F-IH0 K-AH0-N-T K-AA1 M-EH0-N-T-S


...rules for elementary, secondary schools and for colleges, we might see some major restructuring of the regulation in that regard.

R-UW1-L-Z F-AO1 R-EH2 L-AH0 M-EH1-N T-R-IY0 S-EH1 K-AH0-N D-EH2 R-IY0-S K-UW1-L Z-AH0-N-D F-AO1-R K-AA1 L-IH0 JH-IH0 Z-W-IY1 M-AY1-T S-IY1 S-AH1-M M-EY1 JH-ER0 R-IY0-S T-R-AH1-K CH-ER0 IH0 NG-AH1-V DH-AH0 R-EH2 G-Y-AH0 L-EY1 SH-AH0 N-IH0-N DH-AE1 T-R-AH0 G-AA1-R-D


most colleges have made substantial changes to put them in conformance with the obama-era regulations.

M-OW1-S-T K-AA1 L-IH0 JH-IH0-Z HH-AE1 V-M-EY1-D S-AH0-B-S T-AE1-N CH-AH0-L CH-EY1-N JH-AH0-Z T-UW1 P-UH1-T DH-EH1 M-IH0-N K-AH0-N F-AO1-R M-AH0-N S-W-IH1-DH DH-AH0 OW0 B-AA0 M-AA0 R-IY1 AH0 R-EH2 G-Y-AH0 L-EY1 SH-AH0-N-Z


one disadvantage of that is [inaudible 00:00:47] can be easily rescinded. that's what the boss did about a year ago.

W-AH1-N D-IH2 S-AH0-D V-AE1-N T-IH0 JH-AH1-V DH-AE1 T-IH1 Z-IH0 N-AO1 D-AH0 B-AH0-L Z-IH1 R-OW0 AW1 ER0-Z Z-IH1 R-OW0 M-IH1 N-AH0-T S-AH0-N-D F-AO1-R T-IY0 S-EH1 V-AH0-N S-EH1 K-AH0-N-D-Z K-AE1-N B-IY1 IY1 Z-AH0 L-IY0 R-IH0 S-IH1-N D-IH0-D TH-AE1-T S-W-AH1-T DH-AH0 B-AA1-S D-IH1 D-AH0 B-AW1 T-AH0 Y-IH1 R-AH0 G-OW1


how does the content and layout of these websites influence parents' perceptions of, and choices about, schools? can savvy design help parents prioritize academic-

HH-AW1 D-AH1-Z DH-AH0 K-AA1-N T-EH0-N T-AH0-N D-L-EY1 AW2 T-AH1-V DH-IY1 Z-W-EH1-B S-AY2-T S-IH1-N F-L-UW0 AH0-N-S P-EH1 R-AH0-N-T-S P-ER0 S-EH1-P SH-AH0-N Z-AH1 V-AH0-N-D CH-OY1 S-AH0 Z-AH0 B-AW1-T-S K-UW1-L-Z K-AE1-N S-AE1 V-IY0 D-IH0 Z-AY1-N HH-EH1-L-P P-EH1 R-AH0-N-T-S P-R-AY0 AO1 R-AH0 T-AY2 Z-AE2 K-AH0 D-EH1 M-IH0-K


i think this is sometimes taken for granted, that if there's just more options for parents, that somehow automatically parents will just gravitate to higher quality schools.

AY1 TH-IH1-NG-K DH-IH1 S-IH1-Z S-AH0-M T-AY1-M-Z T-EY1 K-AH0-N F-AO1-R G-R-AE1-N T-AH0-D DH-AE1 T-IH1-F DH-EH1-R-Z JH-AH1-S T-M-AO1 R-AA1-P SH-AH0-N-Z F-AO1-R P-EH1 R-AH0-N-T-S DH-AE1-T S-AH1-M HH-AW2 AO2 T-AH0 M-AE1 T-IH0 K-L-IY0 P-EH1 R-AH0-N-T S-W-IH1-L JH-AH1-S-T G-R-AE1 V-IH0 T-EY2-T T-UW1 HH-AY1 ER0 K-W-AA1 L-AH0 T-IY0-S K-UW1-L-Z


and this is an issue that a number of organizations have identified as a priority, both foundations that have invested in efforts to try to provide parents with more-

AH0-N-D DH-IH1 S-IH1 Z-AE1 N-IH1 SH-UW0 DH-AE1 T-AH0 N-AH1-M B-ER0 AH1 V-AO2-R G-AH0 N-AH0 Z-EY1 SH-AH0-N-Z HH-AE1 V-AY0 D-EH1-N T-AH0 F-AY2 D-AE1 Z-AH0 P-R-AY0 AO1 R-AH0 T-IY0 B-OW1-TH F-AW0-N D-EY1 SH-AH0-N-Z DH-AE1-T HH-AE1 V-IH0-N V-EH1-S T-AH0 D-IH0 N-EH1 F-ER0-T-S T-UW1 T-R-AY1 T-UW1 P-R-AH0 V-AY1-D P-EH1 R-AH0-N-T S-W-IH1 DH-M-AO1-R


this term, choice architecture, really refers to how information is conveyed, in terms of... well, in the example of school choice, whether which types of information-

DH-IH1-S T-ER1-M CH-OY1 S-AA1-R K-AH0 T-EH2-K CH-ER0 R-IH1 L-IY0 R-AH0 F-ER1-Z T-UW1 HH-AW1 IH2-N F-ER0 M-EY1 SH-AH0 N-IH1-Z K-AH0-N V-EY1 D-IH0-N T-ER1-M Z-AH1 V-W-EH1 L-IH0-N DH-AH0 IH0-G Z-AE1-M P-AH0 L-AH1-V-S K-UW1-L CH-OY1 S-W-EH1 DH-ER0 W-IH1-CH T-AY1-P S-AH1 V-IH2-N F-ER0 M-EY1 SH-AH0-N


...type of data takes up. so, are you using half of the space on the finder to display information about academics, and half about resources? or are you dividing it into thirds?

T-AY1 P-AH1-V D-EY1 T-AH0 T-EY1-K S-AH1-P S-OW1 AA1 R-Y-UW1 Y-UW1 Z-IH0-NG HH-AE1 F-AH1-V DH-AH0-S P-EY1 S-AA1-N DH-AH0 F-AY1-N D-ER0 T-UW1 D-IH0-S P-L-EY1 IH2-N F-ER0 M-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH0 B-AW1 T-AE2 K-AH0 D-EH1 M-IH0-K S-AH0-N-D HH-AE1 F-AH0 B-AW1 T-R-IY1 S-AO0-R S-IH0 Z-AO1 R-AA1 R-Y-UW1 D-IH0 V-AY1 D-IH0 NG-IH1 T-IH0-N T-UW1 TH-ER1-D-Z


that the way in which information is presented, the way in which a choice is framed, can then influence the decisions that people make, based on that-

DH-AE1-T DH-AH0 W-EY1 IH0 N-W-IH1 CH-IH2-N F-ER0 M-EY1 SH-AH0 N-IH1-Z P-R-IY0 Z-EH1-N T-AH0-D DH-AH0 W-EY1 IH0 N-W-IH1 CH-AH0 CH-OY1 S-IH1-Z F-R-EY1-M-D K-AE1-N DH-EH1 N-IH1-N F-L-UW0 AH0-N-S DH-AH0 D-IH0 S-IH1 ZH-AH0-N-Z DH-AE1-T P-IY1 P-AH0-L M-EY1-K B-EY1-S T-AA1-N DH-AE1-T


that's right. any way you might present information about schools and a list of different school options is going to nudge parents to look at some data elements over others. these are unavoid-

TH-AE1-T S-R-AY1 T-EH1 N-IY0 W-EY1 Y-UW1 M-AY1-T P-R-IY0 Z-EH1-N T-IH2-N F-ER0 M-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH0 B-AW1-T-S K-UW1-L Z-AH0-N D-AH0 L-IH1-S T-AH1-V D-IH1 F-ER0 AH0-N-T-S K-UW1 L-AA1-P SH-AH0-N Z-IH1-Z G-OW1 IH0-NG T-UW1 N-AH1-JH P-EH1 R-AH0-N-T-S T-UW1 L-UH1 K-AE1-T S-AH1-M D-EY1 T-AH0 EH1 L-AH0 M-AH0-N-T S-OW1 V-ER0 AH1 DH-ER0-Z DH-IY1 Z-AA1 R-AH2 N-AH0 V-OY1-D


...in particular. so, when you expand it out to having the largest number of data elements, there were more data elements shown for the resources attribute than any of the other attributes. and that-

IH0-N P-ER0 T-IH1 K-Y-AH0 L-ER0 S-OW1 W-EH1 N-Y-UW1 IH0-K-S P-AE1-N D-IH1 T-AW1-T T-UW1 HH-AE1 V-IH0-NG DH-AH0 L-AA1-R JH-AH0-S T-N-AH1-M B-ER0 AH1-V D-EY1 T-AH0 EH1 L-AH0 M-AH0-N-T-S DH-EH1 R-W-ER0 M-AO1-R D-EY1 T-AH0 EH1 L-AH0 M-AH0-N-T-S SH-OW1-N F-AO1-R DH-AH0 R-IY1 S-AO0-R S-IH0 Z-AH0 T-R-IH1 B-Y-UW2-T DH-AE1 N-EH1 N-IY0 AH1-V DH-AH0 AH1 DH-ER0 AE1 T-R-IH0 B-Y-UW0-T S-AH0-N-D DH-AE1-T


the notion of trade-offs, right? that sometimes there may be trade-offs between at least the type of information or the way in which it's displayed, that leads to an emphasis-

DH-AH0 N-OW1 SH-AH0 N-AH1-V T-R-EY1 D-AO2-F S-R-AY1-T DH-AE1-T S-AH0-M T-AY1-M-Z DH-EH1-R M-EY1 B-IY1 T-R-EY1 D-AO2-F-S B-IH0 T-W-IY1 N-AE1 T-L-IY1-S-T DH-AH0 T-AY1 P-AH1 V-IH2-N F-ER0 M-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AO1-R DH-AH0 W-EY1 IH0 N-W-IH1 CH-IH1-T-S D-IH0-S P-L-EY1-D DH-AE1 T-L-IY1-D-Z T-UW1 AE1 N-EH1-M F-AH0 S-AH0-S


...maps for schools, they would sorted by distance by default. that may have been part of the reason why parents found it harder to answer factual questions accurately, when we sort it by academics-

M-AE1-P-S F-AO1-R-S K-UW1-L-Z DH-EY1 W-UH1-D S-AO1-R T-IH0-D B-AY1 D-IH1-S T-AH0-N-S B-AY1 D-IH0 F-AO1-L-T DH-AE1 T-M-EY1 HH-AE1-V B-IH1-N P-AA1-R T-AH1-V DH-AH0 R-IY1 Z-AH0 N-W-AY1 P-EH1 R-AH0-N-T-S F-AW1-N D-IH1-T HH-AA1-R D-ER0 T-UW1 AE1-N S-ER0 F-AE1-K CH-UW0 AH0-L K-W-EH1-S CH-AH0-N Z-AE1 K-Y-ER0 AH0 T-L-IY0 W-EH1 N-W-IY1 S-AO1-R T-IH1-T B-AY1 AE2 K-AH0 D-EH1 M-IH0-K-S


...hypothesized that those are the settings where you're going to have the largest effects from these design decisions. it's happening at the moment, parents are actually selecting schools.

HH-AY0 P-AA1 TH-AH0 S-AY2-Z-D DH-AE1-T DH-OW1 Z-AA1-R DH-AH0 S-EH1 T-IH0-NG Z-W-EH1 R-Y-UH1-R G-OW1 IH0-NG T-UW1 HH-AE1-V DH-AH0 L-AA1-R JH-AH0-S T-IH0 F-EH1-K-T-S F-R-AH1-M DH-IY1-Z D-IH0 Z-AY1-N D-IH0 S-IH1 ZH-AH0-N Z-IH1-T-S HH-AE1 P-AH0 N-IH0 NG-AE1-T DH-AH0 M-OW1 M-AH0-N-T P-EH1 R-AH0-N-T S-AA1 R-AE1-K CH-AH0 W-AH0 L-IY0 S-AH0 L-EH1-K T-IH0-NG-S K-UW1-L-Z


i'm marty west, editor of education next, and i'm joined today by caprice young, superintendent of learn4life charter schools, and formerly the chief executive officer of magnolia-

AY1 AE1-M M-AA1-R T-IY0 W-EH1-S T-EH1 D-AH0 T-ER0 AH1 V-EH2 JH-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0-N N-EH1-K-S T-AH0-N D-AY1 AE1-M JH-OY1-N-D T-AH0 D-EY1 B-AY1 K-AH0 P-R-IY1 S-Y-AH1-NG S-UW2 P-ER0 AH0-N T-EH1-N D-AH0-N T-AH1 V-L-ER1-N F-AO1-R L-AY1-F CH-AA1-R T-ER0-S K-UW1-L Z-AH0-N-D F-AO1-R M-ER0 L-IY0 DH-AH0 CH-IY1 F-IH0-G Z-EH1 K-Y-AH0 T-IH0 V-AO1 F-AH0 S-ER0 AH1 V-M-AE0 G-N-OW1 L-Y-AH0


you can read about her experiences in an article by that same name, that will appear in the spring 2019 issue of the journal and is available now at educationnext.org.

Y-UW1 K-AE1 N-R-EH1 D-AH0 B-AW1-T HH-ER0 IH0-K-S P-IH1 R-IY0 AH0-N S-IH0 Z-IH0 N-AE1 N-AA1-R T-AH0 K-AH0-L B-AY1 DH-AE1-T S-EY1-M N-EY1-M DH-AE1 T-W-IH1 L-AH0 P-IH1 R-IH0-N DH-AH0-S P-R-IH1-NG T-W-EH1-N T-IY0 N-AY1-N T-IY1 N-IH1 SH-UW0 AH1-V DH-AH0 JH-ER1 N-AH0 L-AH0-N D-IH1 Z-AH0 V-EY1 L-AH0 B-AH0-L N-AW1 AE1 T-EH2 JH-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH0-T-S D-AA1 T-AO1-R-G D-AA1-T


and it was the first magnolia school, and i was proud to be able to support it, and-

AH0-N D-IH1 T-W-AA1-Z DH-AH0 F-ER1-S T-M-AE0 G-N-OW1 L-Y-AH0-S K-UW1 L-AH0-N D-AY1 W-AA1-Z P-R-AW1-D T-UW1 B-IY1 EY1 B-AH0-L T-UW1 S-AH0 P-AO1-R T-IH1 T-AH0-N-D


i know the families that were part of it, and it eventually grew to be 10 charter schools, mostly in southern california-

AY1 N-OW1 DH-AH0 F-AE1 M-AH0 L-IY0-Z DH-AE1 T-W-ER0 P-AA1-R T-AH1 V-IH1 T-AH0-N D-IH1 T-IH0 V-EH1-N CH-AH0 W-AH0 L-IY0 G-R-UW1 T-UW1 B-IY1 T-EH1-N CH-AA1-R T-ER0-S K-UW1-L Z-M-OW1-S T-L-IY0 IH0-N S-AH1 DH-ER0-N K-AE2 L-AH0 F-AO1-R N-Y-AH0


...all of them by any means, but some of them were inspired by the teachings of fethullah gulen, who is, i guess you could really only describe him as a very progressive scholar-

AO1 L-AH1-V DH-EH1-M B-AY1 EH1 N-IY0 M-IY1-N-Z B-AH1-T S-AH1 M-AH1-V DH-EH1 M-W-ER0 IH0-N-S P-AY1 ER0-D B-AY1 DH-AH0 T-IY1 CH-IH0-NG Z-AH1-V F-EH1 TH-Y-AH0 L-AH0 G-Y-UW1 L-AH0-N HH-UW1 IH1 Z-AY1 G-EH1 S-Y-UW1 K-UH1 D-R-IH1 L-IY0 OW1 N-L-IY0 D-IH0-S K-R-AY1-B HH-IH1 M-AE1 Z-AH0 V-EH1 R-IY0 P-R-AH0 G-R-EH1 S-IH0-V-S K-AA1 L-ER0


...from turkey studying in the united states, or even in turkey and did a big import math and science teachers from other countries.

F-R-AH1-M T-ER1 K-IY0-S T-AH1 D-IY0 IH0 NG-IH0-N DH-AH0 Y-UW0 N-AY1 T-AH0-D-S T-EY1-T S-AO1 R-IY1 V-IH0 N-IH0-N T-ER1 K-IY0 AH0-N-D D-IH1 D-AH0 B-IH1 G-IH1-M P-AO2-R T-M-AE1 TH-AH0-N-D S-AY1 AH0-N-S T-IY1 CH-ER0-Z F-R-AH1 M-AH1 DH-ER0 K-AH1-N T-R-IY0-Z


...and are lucky enough to have great teachers from all over the world, and i was very pleased and honored to be able to work with them. but it was certainly-

AH0-N D-AA1-R L-AH1 K-IY0 IH0 N-AH1-F T-UW1 HH-AE1-V G-R-EY1-T T-IY1 CH-ER0-Z F-R-AH1 M-AO1 L-OW1 V-ER0 DH-AH0 W-ER1-L D-AH0-N D-AY1 W-AA1-Z V-EH1 R-IY0 P-L-IY1-Z D-AH0-N D-AA1 N-ER0-D T-UW1 B-IY1 EY1 B-AH0-L T-UW1 W-ER1 K-W-IH1-DH DH-EH1-M B-AH1 T-IH1 T-W-AA1-Z S-ER1 T-AH0 N-L-IY0


again, it is allegations of ties, or in some cases, does the connection between charter schools and the gulen movement go deeper?

AH0 G-EH1 N-IH1 T-IH1 Z-AE2 L-AH0 G-EY1 SH-AH0-N Z-AH1-V T-AY1 Z-AO1 R-IH0-N S-AH1-M K-EY1 S-AH0-Z D-AH1-Z DH-AH0 K-AH0 N-EH1-K SH-AH0-N B-IH0 T-W-IY1-N CH-AA1-R T-ER0-S K-UW1-L Z-AH0-N-D DH-AH0 G-Y-UW1 L-AH0-N M-UW1 V-M-AH0-N-T G-OW1 D-IY1 P-ER0


...the charter schools across the country very well, because i got to know them as we were all getting attacked. and what i've seen in the schools that have been attacked in this-

DH-AH0 CH-AA1-R T-ER0-S K-UW1-L Z-AH0 K-R-AO1-S DH-AH0 K-AH1-N T-R-IY0 V-EH1 R-IY0 W-EH1-L B-IH0 K-AO1 Z-AY1 G-AA1-T T-UW1 N-OW1 DH-EH1 M-AE1 Z-W-IY1 W-ER0 AO1-L G-EH1 T-IH0 NG-AH0 T-AE1-K T-AH0-N D-W-AH1 T-AY1-V S-IY1 N-IH0-N DH-AH0-S K-UW1-L-Z DH-AE1-T HH-AE1-V B-IH1 N-AH0 T-AE1-K T-IH0-N DH-IH1-S


...process is mostly schools that are very well run and are doing excellent work for kids, that are very strong academically-

P-R-AA1 S-EH2 S-IH1 Z-M-OW1-S T-L-IY0-S K-UW1-L-Z DH-AE1 T-AA1-R V-EH1 R-IY0 W-EH1-L R-AH1 N-AH0-N D-AA1-R D-UW1 IH0 NG-EH1-K S-AH0 L-AH0-N T-W-ER1-K F-AO1-R K-IH1-D-Z DH-AE1 T-AA1-R V-EH1 R-IY0-S T-R-AO1 NG-AE2 K-AH0 D-EH1 M-IH0 K-L-IY0


...authorizers or other decision-makers in the charter sector when they hear allegations about ties to this movement?

AO1 TH-ER0 AY2 Z-ER0 Z-AO1 R-AH1 DH-ER0 D-IH0 S-IH1 S-IY0 AH0-N M-AA2-K S-ER0 IH0-N DH-AH0 CH-AA1-R T-ER0 S-EH1-K T-ER0 W-EH1-N DH-EY1 HH-IY1 R-AE2 L-AH0 G-EY1 SH-AH0-N Z-AH0 B-AW1-T T-AY1-Z T-UW1 DH-IH1 S-M-UW1 V-M-AH0-N-T


he very much needs a highly specialized setting. at the same time, i have somebody else that i know very well who has to be mainstreamed. it would be re-

HH-IY1 V-EH1 R-IY0 M-AH1 CH-N-IY1-D Z-AH0 HH-AY1 L-IY0-S P-EH1 SH-AH0 L-AY2-Z-D S-EH1 T-IH0 NG-AE1-T DH-AH0 S-EY1-M T-AY1 M-AY1 HH-AE1-V S-AH1-M B-AA2 D-IY0 EH1-L-S DH-AE1 T-AY1 N-OW1 V-EH1 R-IY0 W-EH1-L HH-UW1 HH-AE1-Z T-UW1 B-IY1 M-EY1-N-S T-R-IY2-M D-IH1 T-W-UH1-D B-IY1 R-EY1


...a very bad situation if he were put in a distinctive classroom with students who are in need of special education. so, i can-

AH0 V-EH1 R-IY0 B-AE1-D S-IH2 CH-UW0 EY1 SH-AH0 N-IH1-F HH-IY1 W-ER0 P-UH1 T-IH0 N-AH0 D-IH0-S T-IH1-NG-K T-IH0-V K-L-AE1 S-R-UW2 M-W-IH1-DH-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T-S HH-UW1 AA1 R-IH0-N N-IY1 D-AH1-V-S P-EH1 SH-AH0 L-EH2 JH-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0-N S-OW1 AY1 K-AE1-N


...how can we improve inclusive education, actually ended up ranked number three on our website. so, it's fair to say that this topic consumed a lot of the attention of ed next readers.

HH-AW1 K-AE1 N-W-IY1 IH0-M P-R-UW1 V-IH0-N K-L-UW1 S-IH0 V-EH2 JH-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AE1-K CH-AH0 W-AH0 L-IY0 EH1-N D-AH0 D-AH1 P-R-AE1-NG-K T-N-AH1-M B-ER0 TH-R-IY1 AA1 N-AW1 ER0 W-EH1-B S-AY2-T S-OW1 IH1-T-S F-EH1-R T-UW1 S-EY1 DH-AE1-T DH-IH1-S T-AA1 P-IH0-K K-AH0-N S-UW1-M D-AH0 L-AA1 T-AH1-V DH-AH0 AH0 T-EH1-N SH-AH0 N-AH1 V-EH1 D-N-EH1-K-S T-R-IY1 D-ER0-Z


my son, again somebody in a setting, of course the child in the mainstream setting would be performing it. and even if you control for all kinds of demographic characteristics, and background-

M-AY1 S-AH1 N-AH0 G-EH1-N S-AH1-M B-AA2 D-IY0 IH0 N-AH0 S-EH1 T-IH0 NG-AH1-V K-AO1-R-S DH-AH0 CH-AY1-L D-IH0-N DH-AH0 M-EY1-N-S T-R-IY2-M S-EH1 T-IH0 NG-W-UH1-D B-IY1 P-ER0 F-AO1-R M-IH0 NG-IH1 T-AH0-N D-IY1 V-IH0 N-IH1 F-Y-UW1 K-AH0-N T-R-OW1-L F-AO1 R-AO1-L K-AY1-N-D Z-AH1-V D-EH2 M-AH0 G-R-AE1 F-IH0-K K-EH2 R-AH0-K T-ER0 IH1-S T-IH0-K S-AH0-N-D B-AE1-K G-R-AW2-N-D


...her, but they really do provide a very substantial accounting of how the system works today, and i thought that was a worthy addition to the journal.

HH-ER0 B-AH1-T DH-EY1 R-IH1 L-IY0 D-UW1 P-R-AH0 V-AY1 D-AH0 V-EH1 R-IY0 S-AH0-B-S T-AE1-N CH-AH0 L-AH0 K-AW1-N T-IH0 NG-AH1-V HH-AW1 DH-AH0 S-IH1-S T-AH0 M-W-ER1-K-S T-AH0 D-EY1 AH0-N D-AY1 TH-AO1-T DH-AE1 T-W-AA1 Z-AH0 W-ER1 DH-IY0 AH0 D-IH1 SH-AH0-N T-UW1 DH-AH0 JH-ER1 N-AH0-L


...vacation. he's a cognitive scientist and he explains that the preparation that teachers receive in his area of study is too theoretical. and as a result, not particularly-

V-EY0 K-EY1 SH-AH0-N HH-IY1 Z-AH0 K-AA1 G-N-IH0 T-IH0-V S-AY1 AH0-N T-IH0-S T-AH0-N-D HH-IY1 IH0-K-S P-L-EY1-N-Z DH-AE1-T DH-AH0 P-R-EH2 P-ER0 EY1 SH-AH0-N DH-AE1-T T-IY1 CH-ER0 Z-R-AH0 S-IY1 V-IH0-N HH-IH1 Z-EH1 R-IY0 AH0 AH1-V-S T-AH1 D-IY0 IH1-Z T-UW1 TH-IY2 ER0 EH1 T-IH0 K-AH0 L-AH0-N D-AE1 Z-AH0 R-IH0 Z-AH1-L T-N-AA1-T P-AA2-R T-IH1 K-Y-AH0 L-ER0 L-IY0


things like the fact that practice is key for retention and long-term memory, and only the aspect of an experience that students attend to, will be learned.

TH-IH1-NG Z-L-AY1-K DH-AH0 F-AE1-K-T DH-AE1-T P-R-AE1-K T-AH0 S-IH1-Z K-IY1 F-AO1-R R-IY0 T-EH1-N SH-AH0 N-AH0-N D-L-AO1-NG T-ER2-M M-EH1 M-ER0 IY0 AH0-N D-OW1 N-L-IY0 DH-AH0 AE1-S P-EH2-K T-AH1 V-AE1 N-IH0-K-S P-IH1 R-IY0 AH0-N-S DH-AE1-T-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T S-AH0 T-EH1-N-D T-UW1 W-IH1-L B-IY1 L-ER1 N-IH0-D


...just expect students to get their high school diploma if they sit in the seat, and managed to get through a class and get a grade from their teacher. but these-

JH-AH1-S T-IH0-K-S P-EH1-K-T-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T-S T-UW1 G-EH1-T DH-EH1-R HH-AY1-S K-UW1-L D-IH0 P-L-OW1 M-AH0 IH1-F DH-EY1 S-IH1 T-IH0-N DH-AH0 S-IY1 T-AH0-N D-M-AE1 N-AH0-JH-D T-UW1 G-EH1-T TH-R-UW1 AH0 K-L-AE1 S-AH0-N-D G-EH1 T-AH0 G-R-EY1-D F-R-AH1-M DH-EH1-R T-IY1 CH-ER0 B-AH1-T DH-IY1-Z


...really something that holds, sets up, a standard for teachers and for students and helps to clarify, this is what you're supposed to learn.

R-IH1 L-IY0 S-AH1-M TH-IH0-NG DH-AE1-T HH-OW1-L-D-Z S-EH1-T S-AH1 P-AH0-S T-AE1-N D-ER0-D F-AO1-R T-IY1 CH-ER0 Z-AH0-N-D F-AO1-R-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T S-AH0-N-D HH-EH1-L-P-S T-UW1 K-L-EH1 R-AH0 F-AY2 DH-IH1 S-IH1 Z-W-AH1 T-Y-UH1-R S-AH0 P-OW1-Z-D T-UW1 L-ER1-N


...i think because those don't usually rise to the top, in terms of the attention that they receive. one of them in the number nine slot, was a review of the economist's bryan caplan's-

AY1 TH-IH1-NG-K B-IH0 K-AO1-Z DH-OW1-Z D-AA1-N T-Y-UW1 ZH-AH0 W-AH0 L-IY0 R-AY1-Z T-UW1 DH-AH0 T-AA1 P-IH0-N T-ER1-M Z-AH1-V DH-AH0 AH0 T-EH1-N SH-AH0-N DH-AE1-T DH-EY1 R-AH0 S-IY1 V-W-AH1 N-AH1-V DH-EH1 M-IH0-N DH-AH0 N-AH1-M B-ER0 N-AY1-N S-L-AA1 T-W-AA1 Z-AH0 R-IY2 V-Y-UW1 AH1-V DH-AH0 IH0 K-AA1 N-AH0 M-IH0-S-T-S B-R-AY1 AH0-N K-AE1 P-L-AH0-N-Z


...the case against education, and mike mcpherson, himself an economist, really pushes back against caplan's argument that the vast majority of schooling-

DH-AH0 K-EY1 S-AH0 G-EH1-N-S T-EH2 JH-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH0-N D-M-AY1 K-M-AH0-K F-ER1 S-AH0-N HH-IH0-M S-EH1-L F-AE1 N-IH0 K-AA1 N-AH0 M-IH0-S T-R-IH1 L-IY0 P-UH1 SH-AH0-Z B-AE1 K-AH0 G-EH1-N-S-T K-AE1 P-L-AH0-N Z-AA1-R G-Y-AH0 M-AH0-N-T DH-AE1-T DH-AH0 V-AE1-S T-M-AH0 JH-AO1 R-AH0 T-IY0 AH1-V-S K-UW1 L-IH0-NG


...it's telling you that as a parent, if you have the choice between a teacher who you know is quite strong in terms of her ability to raise test scores, and another one who-

IH1-T-S T-EH1 L-IH0 NG-Y-UW1 DH-AE1 T-AE1 Z-AH0 P-EH1 R-AH0-N T-IH1 F-Y-UW1 HH-AE1-V DH-AH0 CH-OY1-S B-IH0 T-W-IY1 N-AH0 T-IY1 CH-ER0 HH-UW1 Y-UW1 N-OW1 IH1-Z K-W-AY1-T-S T-R-AO1 NG-IH0-N T-ER1-M Z-AH1-V HH-ER0 AH0 B-IH1 L-AH0 T-IY0 T-UW1 R-EY1-Z T-EH1-S-T-S K-AO1-R Z-AH0-N D-AH0 N-AH1 DH-ER0 W-AH1-N HH-UW1


...relatively new area of coverage for the journal. we have steven [inaudible 00:07:40] on the financial struggles facing many private colleges at number 13. doug webber analyzing-

R-EH1 L-AH0 T-IH0 V-L-IY0 N-UW1 EH1 R-IY0 AH0 AH1-V K-AH1 V-ER0 AH0-JH F-AO1-R DH-AH0 JH-ER1 N-AH0 L-W-IY1 HH-AE1-V-S T-IY1 V-AH0 N-IH0 N-AO1 D-AH0 B-AH0-L Z-IH1 R-OW0 AW1 ER0-Z S-EH1 V-AH0-N M-IH1 N-AH0-T S-AH0-N-D F-AO1-R T-IY0 S-EH1 K-AH0-N-D Z-AA1-N DH-AH0 F-AH0 N-AE1-N SH-AH0-L-S T-R-AH1 G-AH0-L-Z F-EY1 S-IH0-NG M-EH1 N-IY0 P-R-AY1 V-AH0-T K-AA1 L-IH0 JH-IH0 Z-AE1 T-N-AH1-M B-ER0 TH-ER1 T-IY1-N D-AH1 G-W-EH1 B-ER0 AE1 N-AH0 L-AY2 Z-IH0-NG


...that presumably universities were missing for graduate degree programs that don't require students to relocate, and technology seems to be making it possible for them to-

DH-AE1-T P-R-AH0 Z-UW1 M-AH0 B-L-IY0 Y-UW2 N-AH0 V-ER1 S-AH0 T-IY0 Z-W-ER0 M-IH1 S-IH0-NG F-AO1-R G-R-AE1 JH-AH0 W-AH0-T D-IH0 G-R-IY1 P-R-OW1 G-R-AE2-M-Z DH-AE1-T D-AA1-N T-R-IY2 K-W-AY1 ER0-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T-S T-UW1 R-IY0 L-OW1 K-EY0 T-AH0-N-D T-EH0 K-N-AA1 L-AH0 JH-IY0 S-IY1-M-Z T-UW1 B-IY1 M-EY1 K-IH0 NG-IH1-T P-AA1 S-AH0 B-AH0-L F-AO1-R DH-EH1-M T-UW1


it was very hard to hire a professor in computer science, because you have to pay a salary that's very high in order to be competitive with what's going on in industry. and-

IH1 T-W-AA1-Z V-EH1 R-IY0 HH-AA1-R-D T-UW1 HH-AY1 ER0 AH0 P-R-AH0 F-EH1 S-ER0 IH0-N K-AH0-M P-Y-UW1 T-ER0 S-AY1 AH0-N-S B-IH0 K-AO1 Z-Y-UW1 HH-AE1-V T-UW1 P-EY1 AH0 S-AE1 L-ER0 IY0 TH-AE1-T-S V-EH1 R-IY0 HH-AY1 IH0 N-AO1-R D-ER0 T-UW1 B-IY1 K-AH0-M P-EH1 T-AH0 T-IH0 V-W-IH1 DH-W-AH0-T-S G-OW1 IH0 NG-AA1 N-IH0 N-IH1-N D-AH0-S T-R-IY0 AH0-N-D


...like that before. one of the early things he did during his first year in office was to convene all the governors. i mean, 49 of them-

L-AY1-K DH-AE1-T B-IH0 F-AO1 R-W-AH1 N-AH1-V DH-AH0 ER1 L-IY0 TH-IH1-NG-Z HH-IY1 D-IH1-D D-UH1 R-IH0-NG HH-IH1-Z F-ER1-S T-Y-IH1 R-IH0 N-AO1 F-AH0 S-W-AA1-Z T-UW1 K-AH0-N V-IY1 N-AO1-L DH-AH0 G-AH1 V-ER0 N-ER0 Z-AY1 M-IY1-N F-AO1-R T-IY0 N-AY1 N-AH1-V DH-EH1-M


...and company goals 2000 was a revision, a reauthorization of the elementary and secondary education act.

AH0-N-D K-AH1-M P-AH0 N-IY0 G-OW1-L-Z T-UW1 TH-AW1 Z-AH0-N D-W-AA1 Z-AH0 R-IY0 V-IH1 ZH-AH0 N-AH0 R-IY0 AO2 TH-ER0 IH0 Z-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH1-V DH-AH0 EH2 L-AH0 M-EH1-N T-R-IY0 AH0-N-D S-EH1 K-AH0-N D-EH2 R-IY0 EH2 JH-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AE1-K-T


and that governed much of american k-12 education for about 15 years, until the every student succeeds act came along just recently.

AH0-N-D DH-AE1-T G-AH1 V-ER0-N D-M-AH1 CH-AH1 V-AH0 M-EH1 R-AH0 K-AH0-N K-EY1 N-EH1 G-AH0 T-IH0-V T-W-EH1-L V-EH2 JH-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0-N F-AO1 R-AH0 B-AW1-T F-IH0-F T-IY1 N-Y-IH1-R Z-AH0-N T-IH1-L DH-AH0 EH1 V-ER0 IY0-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T S-AH0-K S-IY1-D Z-AE1-K-T K-EY1 M-AH0 L-AO1-NG JH-AH1-S T-R-IY1 S-AH0-N T-L-IY0


...conservation in one case and economic development in another. and so, this was largely unprecedented, certainly that it would be focused on education.

K-AA2-N S-ER0 V-EY1 SH-AH0 N-IH0 N-W-AH1-N K-EY1 S-AH0-N D-EH2 K-AH0 N-AA1 M-IH0-K D-IH0 V-EH1 L-AH0 P-M-AH0-N T-IH0 N-AH0 N-AH1 DH-ER0 AH0-N-D S-OW1 DH-IH1 S-W-AA1 Z-L-AA1-R JH-L-IY0 AH0-N P-R-EH1 S-IH0 D-EH2-N T-IH0-D S-ER1 T-AH0 N-L-IY0 DH-AE1 T-IH1 T-W-UH1-D B-IY1 F-OW1 K-AH0-S T-AA1 N-EH2 JH-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0-N


so, there's literal reason to think that voters were casting their ballots in large part based on education, and maybe that's why you're critical of the notion that the election results were reputed-

S-OW1 DH-EH1-R Z-L-IH1 T-ER0 AH0-L R-IY1 Z-AH0-N T-UW1 TH-IH1-NG-K DH-AE1-T V-OW1 T-ER0 Z-W-ER0 K-AE1-S T-IH0-NG DH-EH1-R B-AE1 L-AH0-T S-IH0 N-L-AA1-R-JH P-AA1-R-T B-EY1-S T-AA1 N-EH2 JH-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH0-N D-M-EY1 B-IY0 TH-AE1-T S-W-AY1 Y-UH1-R K-R-IH1 T-IH0 K-AH0 L-AH1-V DH-AH0 N-OW1 SH-AH0-N DH-AE1-T DH-AH0 IH0 L-EH1-K SH-AH0 N-R-IH0 Z-AH1-L-T S-W-ER0 R-IH0 P-Y-UW1 T-IH0-D


hess claimed that voters showed and policymakers showed a massive distaste for a lot of where school reform has brought us. make the argument against that position-

HH-EH1-S K-L-EY1-M-D DH-AE1-T V-OW1 T-ER0-Z SH-OW1 D-AH0-N-D P-AA1 L-AH0 S-IY0 M-EY2 K-ER0-Z SH-OW1 D-AH0 M-AE1 S-IH0-V D-IH0-S T-EY1-S-T F-AO1 R-AH0 L-AA1 T-AH1 V-W-EH1-R-S K-UW1-L R-AH0 F-AO1-R-M HH-AE1-Z B-R-AO1 T-AH1 S-M-EY1-K DH-AH0 AA1-R G-Y-AH0 M-AH0-N T-AH0 G-EH1-N-S-T DH-AE1-T P-AH0 Z-IH1 SH-AH0-N


i think, one thing you have to acknowledge is that these are all people who were trying to get elected, so they're looking at the polling results, and they're in a-

AY1 TH-IH1-NG K-W-AH1-N TH-IH1 NG-Y-UW1 HH-AE1-V T-UW1 AE0 K-N-AA1 L-IH0 JH-IH1-Z DH-AE1-T DH-IY1 Z-AA1 R-AO1-L P-IY1 P-AH0-L HH-UW1 W-ER0 T-R-AY1 IH0-NG T-UW1 G-EH1 T-IH0 L-EH1-K T-AH0-D S-OW1 TH-EH1-R L-UH1 K-IH0 NG-AE1-T DH-AH0 P-OW1 L-IH0 NG-R-IH0 Z-AH1-L-T S-AH0-N-D TH-EH1 R-IH0 N-AH0


...which in a lot of instances had... in most instances had to include independents. and in some instances even had to include republicans, given-

W-IH1 CH-IH0 N-AH0 L-AA1 T-AH1 V-IH1-N-S T-AH0-N S-AH0-Z HH-AE1 D-IH0-N M-OW1-S T-IH1-N-S T-AH0-N S-AH0-Z HH-AE1-D T-UW1 IH0-N K-L-UW1 D-IH2-N D-IH0 P-EH1-N D-AH0-N-T S-AH0-N D-IH0-N S-AH1 M-IH1-N-S T-AH0-N S-AH0 Z-IY1 V-IH0-N HH-AE1-D T-UW1 IH0-N K-L-UW1 D-R-IH0 P-AH1 B-L-IH0 K-AH0-N-Z G-IH1 V-AH0-N


i do think it's becoming a more divisive issue for democrats. and i think what you have in the party is a split between-

AY1 D-UW1 TH-IH1-NG K-IH1-T-S B-IH0 K-AH1 M-IH0 NG-AH0 M-AO1-R D-IH0 V-AY1 S-IH0 V-IH1 SH-UW0 F-AO1-R D-EH1 M-AH0 K-R-AE2-T S-AH0-N D-AY1 TH-IH1-NG K-W-AH1 T-Y-UW1 HH-AE1 V-IH0-N DH-AH0 P-AA1-R T-IY0 IH1 Z-AH0-S P-L-IH1-T B-IH0 T-W-IY1-N


... one thing we will certainly see is greater scrutiny from democrats of her policies, forums for criticizing her policies-

W-AH1-N TH-IH1 NG-W-IY1 W-IH1-L S-ER1 T-AH0 N-L-IY0 S-IY1 IH1-Z G-R-EY1 T-ER0-S K-R-UW1 T-AH0 N-IY0 F-R-AH1-M D-EH1 M-AH0 K-R-AE2-T S-AH1-V HH-ER0 P-AA1 L-AH0 S-IY0-Z F-AO1 R-AH0-M-Z F-AO1-R K-R-IH1 T-IH0 S-AY2 Z-IH0-NG HH-ER0 P-AA1 L-AH0 S-IY0-Z


... representative from the richmond, virginia area, signaled that he did not plan to hold a bunch of hearings and at least wanted to start off with-

R-EH2 P-R-AH0 Z-EH1-N T-AH0 T-IH0-V F-R-AH1-M DH-AH0 R-IH1 CH-M-AH0-N-D V-ER0 JH-IH1 N-Y-AH0 EH1 R-IY0 AH0 S-IH1 G-N-AH0-L-D DH-AE1-T HH-IY1 D-IH1 D-N-AA1-T P-L-AE1-N T-UW1 HH-OW1-L D-AH0 B-AH1-N CH-AH1-V HH-IY1 R-IH0-NG Z-AH0-N D-AE1 T-L-IY1-S T-W-AA1-N T-AH0-D T-UW1-S T-AA1-R T-AO1 F-W-IH1-DH


... and deliberate approach, which for people who know him closely, is and has always been his style.

AH0-N-D D-IH0 L-IH1 B-ER0 EY2 T-AH0 P-R-OW1 CH-W-IH1-CH F-AO1-R P-IY1 P-AH0-L HH-UW1 N-OW1 HH-IH1-M K-L-OW1 S-L-IY0 IH1 Z-AH0-N-D HH-AE1 Z-AO1 L-W-EY2-Z B-IH1-N HH-IH1-Z-S T-AY1-L


... like exclusionary discipline. i think there's a lot of rancor in the party about her positions. and well, one scrutiny of that-

L-AY1 K-IH0-K-S K-L-UW1 ZH-AH0 N-EH2 R-IY0 D-IH1 S-AH0 P-L-AH0 N-AY1 TH-IH1-NG-K DH-EH1-R Z-AH0 L-AA1 T-AH1 V-R-AE1-NG K-ER0 IH0-N DH-AH0 P-AA1-R T-IY0 AH0 B-AW1-T HH-ER0 P-AH0 Z-IH1 SH-AH0-N Z-AH0-N D-W-EH1 L-W-AH1-N-S K-R-UW1 T-AH0 N-IY0 AH1-V DH-AE1-T


... is still the chairwoman, but we'll now be ranking member on the committee, very different from her bill, but also a bill that's more toward-

IH1-Z-S T-IH1-L DH-AH0 CH-EH1 R-W-UH2 M-AH0-N B-AH1 T-W-EH1-L N-AW1 B-IY1 R-AE1-NG K-IH0-NG M-EH1-M B-ER0 AA1-N DH-AH0 K-AH0 M-IH1 T-IY0 V-EH1 R-IY0 D-IH1 F-ER0 AH0-N-T F-R-AH1-M HH-ER0 B-IH1-L B-AH1 T-AO1-L S-OW0 AH0 B-IH1-L TH-AE1-T S-M-AO1-R T-AH0 W-AO1-R-D


... to produce bipartisan legislation. so you have three of what would be called the big four or higher education act, already having worked together on bipartisan legislation and-

T-UW1 P-R-AH0 D-UW1-S B-AY0 P-AA1-R T-IH0 Z-AH0 N-L-EH2 JH-AH0 S-L-EY1 SH-AH0-N S-OW1 Y-UW1 HH-AE1-V TH-R-IY1 AH1 V-W-AH1 T-W-UH1-D B-IY1 K-AO1-L-D DH-AH0 B-IH1-G F-AO1 R-AO1-R HH-AY1 ER0 EH2 JH-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AE1-K T-AO0-L R-EH1 D-IY0 HH-AE1 V-IH0 NG-W-ER1-K-T T-AH0 G-EH1 DH-ER0 AA1-N B-AY0 P-AA1-R T-IH0 Z-AH0 N-L-EH2 JH-AH0 S-L-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH0-N-D


... some consensus items that they would like to put out there to get momentum on reauthorizing and higher education-

S-AH1-M K-AH0-N S-EH1-N S-AH0 S-AY1 T-AH0-M-Z DH-AE1-T DH-EY1 W-UH1 D-L-AY1-K T-UW1 P-UH1 T-AW1-T DH-EH1-R T-UW1 G-EH1 T-M-OW0 M-EH1-N T-AH0 M-AA1 N-R-IY0 AO1 TH-ER0 AY2 Z-IH0 NG-AH0-N-D HH-AY1 ER0 EH2 JH-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0-N


... they being a small item that they would get out of the way, but not as serious as a bill. as a real legislative strategy for somehow getting-

DH-EY1 B-IY1 IH0 NG-AH0 S-M-AO1 L-AY1 T-AH0-M DH-AE1-T DH-EY1 W-UH1-D G-EH1 T-AW1 T-AH1-V DH-AH0 W-EY1 B-AH1 T-N-AA1 T-AE1-Z S-IH1 R-IY0 AH0 S-AE1 Z-AH0 B-IH1 L-AE1 Z-AH0 R-IY1-L L-EH1 JH-AH0 S-L-EY2 T-IH0-V-S T-R-AE1 T-AH0 JH-IY0 F-AO1-R S-AH1-M HH-AW2 G-EH1 T-IH0-NG


... it's all about their business and get things done through the regular order of the legislative process and rules and regulations. so i think sometimes he's going to have to be-

IH1-T S-AO1 L-AH0 B-AW1-T DH-EH1-R B-IH1 Z-N-AH0 S-AH0-N-D G-EH1-T TH-IH1-NG-Z D-AH1-N TH-R-UW1 DH-AH0 R-EH1 G-Y-AH0 L-ER0 AO1-R D-ER0 AH1-V DH-AH0 L-EH1 JH-AH0 S-L-EY2 T-IH0-V P-R-AA1 S-EH2 S-AH0-N D-R-UW1-L Z-AH0-N D-R-EH2 G-Y-AH0 L-EY1 SH-AH0-N-Z S-OW1 AY1 TH-IH1-NG-K S-AH0-M T-AY1-M-Z HH-IY1-Z G-OW1 IH0-NG T-UW1 HH-AE1-V T-UW1 B-IY1


have you believe. got a lot of interesting things to-

HH-AE1 V-Y-UW1 B-IH0 L-IY1-V G-AA1 T-AH0 L-AA1 T-AH1 V-IH1-N T-R-AH0-S T-IH0-NG TH-IH1-NG-Z T-UW1


... i'm ranting for an hour because i'm realizing that there's nobody else-

IH1 M-R-AE1-N T-IH0-NG F-AO1 R-AE1 N-AW1 ER0 B-IH0 K-AO1 Z-IH1 M-R-IY1 L-AY2 Z-IH0-NG DH-AE1-T DH-EH1-R Z-N-OW1 B-AA2 D-IY2 EH1-L-S


... lovers coil. what? [crosstalk 00:02:24].can i see the card with-

L-AH1 V-ER0-Z K-OY1 L-W-AH1-T K-R-AO1-S T-AO1-K Z-IH1 R-OW0 AW1 ER0-Z T-UW1 M-IH1 N-AH0-T S-AH0-N-D T-W-EH1-N T-IY0 F-AO1-R S-EH1 K-AH0-N-D-Z K-AE1 N-AY1 S-IY1 DH-AH0 K-AA1-R D-W-IH1-DH


... see the card and [crosstalk 00:02:29] comment on it after, but thank you for remembering my birthday, you jackass.

S-IY1 DH-AH0 K-AA1-R D-AH0-N-D K-R-AO1-S T-AO1-K Z-IH1 R-OW0 AW1 ER0-Z T-UW1 M-IH1 N-AH0-T S-AH0-N-D T-W-EH1-N T-IY0 N-AY1-N S-EH1 K-AH0-N-D-Z K-AA1 M-EH0-N T-AA1 N-IH1 T-AE1-F T-ER0 B-AH1-T TH-AE1-NG K-Y-UW1 F-AO1-R R-IH0 M-EH1-M B-ER0 IH0-NG M-AY1 B-ER1-TH D-EY2 Y-UW1 JH-AE1 K-AE2-S


how would i know-


... i would have known, but i'm not on facebook.

AY1 W-UH1-D HH-AE1 V-N-OW1-N B-AH1 T-IH1-M N-AA1 T-AA1-N F-EY1-S B-UH2-K


one of the big things is, cause it's not-

W-AH1 N-AH1-V DH-AH0 B-IH1-G TH-IH1-NG Z-IH1-Z K-AA1 Z-IH1-T S-N-AA1-T


... is pay their workers $15-

IH1-Z P-EY1 DH-EH1 R-W-ER1 K-ER0-Z F-IH0-F T-IY1-N D-AA1 L-ER0-Z


... what do you mean?their idea.oh, the build your own kind of thing?

W-AH1-T D-UW1 Y-UW1 M-EH1-N TH-EH2 R-AY0 D-IY1 HH-UW0 DH-AH0 B-IH1-L D-Y-AO1 R-OW1-N K-AY1-N D-AH1-V TH-IH1-NG


... it's one of the problems was with the build your own kind of thing. like qdoba and subway and-

IH1-T S-W-AH1 N-AH1-V DH-AH0 P-R-AA1 B-L-AH0-M Z-W-AA1 Z-W-IH1-DH DH-AH0 B-IH1-L D-Y-AO1 R-OW1-N K-AY1-N D-AH1-V TH-IH1 NG-L-AY1-K-K D-AA1 B-AH0 AH0-N-D S-AH1 B-W-EY2 AH0-N-D


... i know, i am one of those lazy folks but i-

AY1 N-OW1 AY1 AE1 M-W-AH1 N-AH1-V DH-OW1 Z-L-EY1 Z-IY0 F-OW1-K-S B-AH1 T-AY1


... it's better than fucking getting some of the other pizza places.you know, i-

IH1-T-S B-EH1 T-ER0 DH-AE1-N F-AH1 K-IH0-NG G-EH1 T-IH0-NG S-AH1 M-AH1-V DH-AH0 AH1 DH-ER0 P-IY1-T S-AH0 P-L-EY1 S-IY0 AH0 N-OW1 AY1


... i don't know what pizza i used to get-

AY1 D-AA1-N T-N-OW1 W-AH1-T P-IY1-T S-AH0 AY1 Y-UW1-Z-D T-UW1 G-EH1-T


oh yeah.but they're like pucks-

OW1 Y-IY1 B-AH0-T TH-EH1-R L-AY1-K P-AH1-K-S


that's old. this is old beer.it's from four months ago.

TH-AE1-T S-OW1-L-D DH-IH1 S-IH1 Z-OW1-L-D B-IH1 R-AH0-T-S F-R-AH1-M F-AO1-R M-AH1-N-TH S-AH0 G-OW1


four? that's actually-three.less than three.

F-AO1-R TH-AE1-T S-AE2-K T-AH0 K-W-EH1 L-ER0 SH-AH0-S DH-AE1-N TH-R-IY1


... i've been thinking of- anyways. that's not old.

AY1-V B-IH1-N TH-IH1-NG K-IH0 NG-AH1 V-EH1 N-IY0 W-EY2-Z TH-AE1-T S-N-AA1 T-OW1-L-D


skull splitter?yeah something like that.it had dust on it.

S-K-AH1-L-S P-L-IH2 T-ER0 IY0 AA1 S-AH1-M TH-IH0 NG-L-AY1-K TH-AE1 T-IH0-T HH-AE1-D D-AH1-S T-AA1 N-IH1-T


the word woman is somewhere on this bottle.the general, our government warning.oh.

DH-AH0 W-ER1 D-W-UH1 M-AH0 N-IH1-Z S-AH1 M-W-EH2 R-AA1-N DH-IH1-S B-AA1 T-AH0-L TH-EH2-T JH-EH1 N-ER0 AH0 L-AW1 ER0 G-AH1 V-ER0 M-AH0-N T-W-AO1-R N-IH0-G HH-AH0-N


they're everywhere.according to the search in general, women should not drink alcoholic beverages-

TH-EH1 R-IY2 V-ER0 IY0 R-EH1 K-W-AO0-R D-IH0-K T-UW1 DH-AH0 S-ER1 CH-IH0-N JH-EH1 N-ER0 AH0 L-W-IH1 M-AH0-N SH-UH1 D-N-AA1-T D-R-IH1-NG K-AE2-L K-AH0 HH-AA1 L-IH0-K B-EH1 V-R-IH0 JH-IH0-Z


yeah. what if i was pregnant?right.me and tim have hopes of getting pregnant, but hasn't worked yet-

Y-AE1 W-AH1 T-IH1 F-AY1 W-AA1-Z P-R-EH1 G-N-AH0 T-R-AH0 M-AH0-N-D T-IH1-M HH-AE1-V HH-OW1-P S-AH1-V G-EH1 T-IH0-NG P-R-EH1 G-N-AH0-N-T B-AH1-T HH-AE1-S-N T-W-ER1-K T-Y-EH1-T


we're trying hard. get it, hard.

W-ER0 T-R-AY1 IH0-NG HH-AA1-R-D G-EH1 T-IH1-T HH-AA1-R-D


... pick up women. or they go to like the strip club and they have a beer in their hand. they're-

P-IH1 K-AH1 P-W-IH1 M-AH0 N-AO1-R DH-EY1 G-OW1 T-UW1 L-AY1-K DH-AH0-S T-R-IH1-P K-L-AH1 B-AH0-N-D DH-EY1 HH-AE1 V-AH0 B-IH1 R-IH0-N DH-EH1-R HH-AE1-N-D TH-EH1-R


... marrying someone you don't like.yeah.anyways, this is from bell's brew-

M-EH1 R-IY0 IH0-NG S-AH1 M-W-AH2 N-Y-UW1 D-AA1-N T-L-AY2 K-IY0 EY1 SH-AH0 N-IY0-Z DH-IH1 S-IH1-Z F-R-AH1-M B-EH1-L-Z B-R-UW1


bell's... what, 1985? why is that hard to believe?there's no way they lasted this long.bell's amber ale-

B-EH1-L Z-W-AH1 T-N-AY1-N T-IY1 N-EY1 T-IY0 F-AY1 V-W-AY1 IH1-Z DH-AE1-T HH-AA1-R-D T-UW1 B-IH0 L-IY1-V-T HH-IY1 R-IH1 Z-N-OW1 W-EY1 DH-EY1 L-AE1-S T-AH0-D DH-IH1 S-L-AO1-NG B-EH2-L Z-AE1-M B-ER0 EY1-L


... it's short and sweet and all it says is-

IH1-T-S SH-AO1-R T-AH0-N-D S-W-IY1 T-AH0-N D-AO1 L-IH1-T S-EH1 Z-IH1-Z


... this is good beer.what if it's not good beer-

DH-IH1 S-IH1-Z G-UH1-D B-IH1 R-W-AH0 T-IH1 F-IH1-T S-N-AA1-T G-UH1-D B-IH1-R


- though?i don't even care. they didn't-so you're going to base-

TH-AO1-F D-AA1-N T-IY1 V-IH0-N K-EH1-R DH-EY1 D-IH1-D-S T-OW0-N S-OW0 Y-UH1-R G-OW1 IH0-NG T-UW1 B-EY1-S


we've only been around since 1985.that's true.

W-IY1 V-OW1 N-L-IY0 B-IH1 N-ER0 AW1-N-D S-IH1-N S-N-AY1-N T-IY1 N-EY1 T-IY0 F-AY1 V-AH0 T-AH0-T-S T-R-UW1


... sometimes it dangles like- you know what i mean? [crosstalk 00:04:56].

S-AH0-M T-AY1-M Z-IH1-T D-AE1-NG G-AH0-L Z-L-AY1 K-Y-UW1 N-OW1 W-AH1 T-AY1 M-IY1-N K-R-AO1-S T-AO1-K Z-IH1 R-OW0 AW1 ER0-Z F-AO1-R M-IH1 N-AH0-T S-AH0-N-D F-IH1-F T-IY0 S-IH1-K-S S-EH1 K-AH0-N-D-Z


first he pooped in the truck.

F-ER1-S-T HH-IY1 P-UW1-P T-IH0-N DH-AH0 T-R-AH1-K


... what infectious grooves-

W-AH1 T-IH0-N F-EH1-K SH-AH0-S G-R-UW1-V-Z


... see, that's the thing that sucks about this. it's like, i can't compare it to that.

S-IY1 TH-AE1-T-S DH-AH0 TH-IH1-NG DH-AE1-T S-AH1-K S-AH0 B-AW1-T DH-IH1 S-IH1-T S-L-AY1 K-AY1 K-AE1-N-T K-AH0-M P-EH1 R-IH1-T T-UW1 DH-AE1-T


... so we don't have the exact same number-

S-OW1 W-IY1 D-AA1-N-T HH-AE1-V DH-AH0 IH0-G Z-AE1-K-T S-EY1-M N-AH1-M B-ER0


... or at least a half point off-

AO1 R-AE1 T-L-IY1-S T-AH0 HH-AE1-F P-OY1-N T-AO1-F


... we have similar tastes in beers-

W-IY1 HH-AE1-V S-IH1 M-AH0 L-ER0 T-EY1-S-T S-IH0-N B-IH1-R-Z


i don't know. i don't know.what am i looking at?

AY1 D-AA1-N T-N-OW1 AY1 D-AA1-N T-N-OW1 W-AH0 T-AE1 M-AY1 L-UH1 K-IH0 NG-AE1-T


... tim underscore preuss. there's always lots and lots and lots of news.

T-IH1 M-AH2-N D-ER0-S K-AO1-R P-R-UW1-S DH-EH1-R Z-AO1 L-W-EY2 Z-L-AA1-T S-AH0-N D-L-AA1-T S-AH0-N D-L-AA1-T S-AH1 V-N-UW1-Z


... it'll be like, what congressmen was talking about porn on the internet? well-

IH1 T-AH0-L B-IY1 L-AY1 K-W-AH1-T K-AA1-NG G-R-AH0 S-M-IH0 N-W-AA1-Z T-AO1 K-IH0 NG-AH0 B-AW1-T P-AO1-R N-AA1-N DH-AH0 IH1-N T-ER0 N-EH2 T-W-EH1-L


... and fox news. those are like the three-

AH0-N-D F-AA1-K S-N-UW1-Z DH-OW1 Z-AA1-R L-AY1-K DH-AH0 TH-R-IY1


i don't like to choose, cause i feel like that's a-

AY1 D-AA1-N T-L-AY1-K T-UW1 CH-UW1-Z K-AA1 Z-AY1 F-IY1-L L-AY1-K TH-AE1-T S-AH0


... stories. we have better looking male hosts on that channel-

S-T-AO1 R-IY0 Z-W-IY1 HH-AE1-V B-EH1 T-ER0 L-UH1 K-IH0-NG M-EY1-L HH-OW1-S-T S-AA1-N DH-AE1-T CH-AE1 N-AH0-L


... like chris hayes and chris matthews-

L-AY1-K K-R-IH1-S HH-EY1 Z-AH0-N-D K-R-IH1 S-M-AE1 TH-Y-UW0-Z


... us workers, which marks one of the administration's most significant moves to address stagnant wages-

AH1 S-W-ER1 K-ER0 Z-W-IH1 CH-M-AA1-R-K S-W-AH1 N-AH1-V DH-AH0 AE0 D-M-IH2 N-IH0-S T-R-EY1 SH-AH0-N Z-M-OW1-S-T S-AH0 G-N-IH1 F-IH0 K-AH0-N T-M-UW1-V-Z T-UW1 AE1 D-R-EH2-S-S T-AE1 G-N-AH0-N T-W-EY1 JH-AH0-Z


... doubles the maximum annual income a salaried worker can earn and still be automatically eligible for overtime pay-

D-AH1 B-AH0-L-Z DH-AH0 M-AE1-K S-AH0 M-AH0 M-AE1 N-Y-UW0 AH0 L-IH1-N K-AH2 M-AH0 S-AE1 L-ER0 IY0 D-W-ER1 K-ER0 K-AE1 N-ER1 N-AH0-N-D-S T-IH1-L B-IY1 AO2 T-AH0 M-AE1 T-IH0 K-L-IY0 EH1 L-AH0 JH-AH0 B-AH0-L F-AO1 R-OW1 V-ER0 T-AY2-M P-EY1


... an estimated total of $12 billion over the next decade-

AE1 N-EH1-S T-AH0 M-EY2 T-AH0-D T-OW1 T-AH0 L-AH1-V T-W-EH1-L-V B-IH1 L-Y-AH0-N D-AA1 L-ER0 Z-OW1 V-ER0 DH-AH0 N-EH1-K-S-T D-EH0 K-EY1-D


... while others will work fewer hours for the same pay.

W-AY1 L-AH1 DH-ER0 Z-W-IH1 L-W-ER1-K F-Y-UW1 ER0 AW1 ER0-Z F-AO1-R DH-AH0 S-EY1-M P-EY1


... which have many management workers whose salaries are below the new threshold.

W-IH1-CH HH-AE1 V-M-EH1 N-IY0 M-AE1 N-AH0 JH-M-AH0-N T-W-ER1 K-ER0-Z HH-UW1-Z S-AE1 L-ER0 IY0 Z-AA1-R B-IH0 L-OW1 DH-AH0 N-UW1 TH-R-EH1 SH-OW2-L-D


that is stupid. i'd never even heard of that-

DH-AE1 T-IH1-Z-S T-UW1 P-AH0 D-IH1 D-N-EH1 V-ER0 IY1 V-IH0-N HH-ER1 D-AH1-V DH-AE1-T


... then you have to pay them overtime if they work over 40 hours, i was like-

DH-EH1 N-Y-UW1 HH-AE1-V T-UW1 P-EY1 DH-EH1 M-OW1 V-ER0 T-AY2 M-IH1-F DH-EY1 W-ER1 K-OW1 V-ER0 F-AO1-R T-IY0 AW1 ER0 Z-AY1 W-AA1 Z-L-AY1-K


... department, flouted legal requirements for creating new regulations. republicans in congress have said they will work to block the rule.

D-IH0 P-AA1-R T-M-AH0-N-T F-L-AW1 T-IH0 D-L-IY1 G-AH0-L R-IH0 K-W-AY1-R M-AH0-N-T-S F-AO1-R K-R-IY0 EY1 T-IH0-NG N-UW1 R-EH2 G-Y-AH0 L-EY1 SH-AH0-N Z-R-IH0 P-AH1 B-L-IH0 K-AH0-N Z-IH0-N K-AA1-NG G-R-AH0-S HH-AE1-V S-EH1-D DH-EY1 W-IH1 L-W-ER1-K T-UW1 B-L-AA1-K DH-AH0 R-UW1-L


... the new threshold was lower-

DH-AH0 N-UW1 TH-R-EH1 SH-OW2-L D-W-AA1 Z-L-OW1 ER0


what they are doing is they are jacking up the cost of doing-

W-AH1-T DH-EY1 AA1-R D-UW1 IH0 NG-IH1-Z DH-EY1 AA1-R JH-AE1 K-IH0 NG-AH1-P DH-AH0 K-AA1-S T-AH1-V D-UW1 IH0-NG


... make less money, which means they can't hire new employees-

M-EY1 K-L-EH1 S-M-AH1 N-IY0 W-IH1 CH-M-IY1-N-Z DH-EY1 K-AE1-N-T HH-AY1 ER0 N-UW1 EH0-M P-L-OY1 IY0-Z


... [inaudible 00:07:14] something like that. or they raise prices to compensate.

IH0 N-AO1 D-AH0 B-AH0-L Z-IH1 R-OW0 AW1 ER0-Z S-EH1 V-AH0-N M-IH1 N-AH0-T S-AH0-N-D F-AO1-R T-IY1-N S-EH1 K-AH0-N-D-Z S-AH1-M TH-IH0 NG-L-AY1-K DH-AE1 T-AO1-R DH-EY1 R-EY1-Z P-R-AY1 S-AH0-Z T-UW1 K-AA1-M P-AH0-N S-EY2-T


yeah.they say hotels and restaurants are like that.

Y-EH1 DH-IY0 S-EY1 HH-OW0 T-EH1-L Z-AH0-N D-R-EH1-S T-ER0 AA2-N-T S-AA1-R L-AY1-K DH-AE1-T


to me that just doesn't make sense-

T-UW1 M-IY1 DH-AE1-T JH-AH1-S-T D-OW1 S-AH0-N T-M-EY1-K S-EH1-N-S


... but they are agreeing, voluntarily, to take this position-

B-AH1-T DH-EY1 AA1 R-AH0 G-R-IY1 IH0-NG V-AA2 L-AH0-N T-EH1 R-AH0 L-IY0 T-UW1 T-EY1-K DH-IH1-S P-AH0 Z-IH1 SH-AH0-N


during the summer, you're going to be busting your ass.oh yeah.but during the winter-but it's like five months you're going to be busting your ass-

D-UH1 R-IH0-NG DH-AH0 S-AH1 M-ER0 Y-UH1-R G-OW1 IH0-NG T-UW1 B-IY1 B-AH1-S T-IH0 NG-Y-AO1 R-AE1 S-OW0 Y-IY1 B-AH0-T D-UH1 R-IH0-NG DH-AH0 W-IH1-N T-ER0 B-AH2 T-IH1-T S-L-AY1-K F-AY1 V-M-AH1-N-TH S-Y-UH1-R G-OW1 IH0-NG T-UW1 B-IY1 B-AH1-S T-IH0 NG-Y-AO1 R-AE1-S


yeah, i mean the position that i'm in, a lot of our time right now, because we're about to get into a busy season is-

Y-AE1 AY1 M-IY1-N DH-AH0 P-AH0 Z-IH1 SH-AH0-N DH-AE1 T-IH1 M-IH0 N-AH0 L-AA1 T-AH1 V-AW1 ER0 T-AY1 M-R-AY1 T-N-AW1 B-IH0 K-AO1 Z-W-ER0 AH0 B-AW1-T T-UW1 G-EH1 T-IH0-N T-UW1 AH0 B-IH1 Z-IY0 S-IY1 Z-AH0 N-IH1-Z


... and the point is that it already kind of makes up for itself. i mean the-

AH0-N-D DH-AH0 P-OY1-N T-IH1-Z DH-AE1 T-IH1 T-AO0-L R-EH1 D-IY0 K-AY1-N D-AH1 V-M-EY1-K S-AH1-P F-AO1 R-IH0-T S-EH1-L F-AY1 M-IY1-N DH-AH0


... you make more money or it's-

Y-UW1 M-EY1 K-M-AO1-R M-AH1 N-IY0 AO1 R-IH1-T-S


... it's that your check is the same size-

IH1-T-S DH-AE1 T-Y-AO1-R CH-EH1 K-IH1-Z DH-AH0 S-EY1-M S-AY1-Z


... like overtime. if your salary-

L-AY1 K-OW1 V-ER0 T-AY2 M-IH1 F-Y-AO1-R S-AE1 L-ER0 IY0


... then it doesn't matter if it's busy or not because it's the same thing goes with like commission-

DH-EH1 N-IH1-T D-OW1 S-AH0-N T-M-AE1 T-ER0 IH1 F-IH1-T-S B-IH1 Z-IY0 AO1-R N-AA1-T B-IH0 K-AO1 Z-IH1-T-S DH-AH0 S-EY1-M TH-IH1-NG G-OW1 Z-W-IH1 DH-L-AY1-K K-AH0 M-IH1 SH-AH0-N


are we going to change the way we pay people-

AA1 R-W-IY1 G-OW1 IH0-NG T-UW1 CH-EY1-N-JH DH-AH0 W-EY1 W-IY1 P-EY1 P-IY1 P-AH0-L


... this idea that businesses are trying to take advantage-

DH-IH1 S-AY0 D-IY1 AH0 DH-AE1-T B-IH1 Z-N-AH0 S-AH0 Z-AA1-R T-R-AY1 IH0-NG T-UW1 T-EY1 K-AE0-D V-AE1-N T-IH0-JH


... obama can, or the president can deal with it.

OW2 B-AA1 M-AH0 K-AE1 N-AO1-R DH-AH0 P-R-EH1 Z-AH0 D-EH2-N-T K-AE1-N D-IY1 L-W-IH1 DH-IH1-T


... the department of labor is under his watch. that's-

DH-AH0 D-IH0 P-AA1-R T-M-AH0-N T-AH1 V-L-EY1 B-ER0 IH1 Z-AH1-N D-ER0 HH-IH1 Z-W-AA1-CH TH-AE1-T-S


... underneath him or why be biden? cause apparently biden is the spokesman for this new shit program-

AH2-N D-ER0 N-IY1-TH HH-IH1 M-AO1 R-W-AY1 B-IY1 B-AY1 D-AH0-N K-AA1 Z-AH0 P-EH1 R-AH0-N T-L-IY0 B-AY1 D-AH0 N-IH1-Z DH-AH0-S P-OW1-K S-M-AH0-N F-AO1-R DH-IH1 S-N-UW1 SH-IH1-T P-R-OW1 G-R-AE2-M


... but looking at the longterm-

B-AH1 T-L-UH1 K-IH0 NG-AE1-T DH-AH0 L-AO1-NG T-ER2-M


... it's one of the good things is that he does have a businessman's mind and he's not going to do things that will adversely affect businesses.

IH1-T S-W-AH1 N-AH1-V DH-AH0 G-UH1-D TH-IH1-NG Z-IH1-Z DH-AE1-T HH-IY1 D-AH1-Z HH-AE1 V-AH0 B-IH1 Z-N-AH0 S-M-AE2-N Z-M-AY1-N D-AH0-N-D HH-IY1 Z-N-AA1-T G-OW1 IH0-NG T-UW1 D-UW1 TH-IH1-NG-Z DH-AE1 T-W-IH1 L-AE0-D V-ER1 S-L-IY0 AH0 F-EH1-K-T B-IH1 Z-N-AH0 S-AH0-Z