one man being crushed instead under a great pile of boulders.

W-AH1-N M-AE1-N B-IY1 IH0-NG K-R-AH1-SH T-IH0-N-S T-EH1 D-AH1-N D-ER0 AH0 G-R-EY1-T P-AY1 L-AH1-V B-OW1-L D-ER0-Z


salem and its witches are the best known story of infant america. as stacey shows,

S-EY1 L-AH0 M-AH0-N D-IH1-T S-W-IH1 CH-AH0 Z-AA1-R DH-AH0 B-EH1-S T-N-OW1-N-S T-AO1 R-IY0 AH1 V-IH1-N F-AH0-N T-AH0 M-EH1 R-AH0 K-AH0 AE1-Z-S T-EY1 S-IY0 SH-OW1-Z


i guess marilyn roach from watertown, massachusetts, is an inspired amateur author of six women of salem.

AY1 G-EH1 S-M-EH1 R-AH0 L-AH0 N-R-OW1-CH F-R-AH1 M-W-AO1 T-ER0 T-AW2-N M-AE2 S-AH0 CH-UW1 S-AH0-T S-IH1 Z-AE1 N-IH0-N-S P-AY1 ER0 D-AE1 M-AH0 T-ER2 AO1 TH-ER0 AH1-V S-IH1-K S-W-IH1 M-AH0 N-AH1-V S-EY1 L-AH0-M


she studies especially of the girls and women judged to be witches and killed for the suspicion.

SH-IY1-S T-AH1 D-IY0 Z-AH0-S P-EH1 SH-L-IY0 AH1-V DH-AH0 G-ER1-L Z-AH0-N D-W-IH1 M-AH0-N JH-AH1-JH-D T-UW1 B-IY1 W-IH1 CH-AH0 Z-AH0-N-D K-IH1-L-D F-AO1-R DH-AH0 S-AH0-S P-IH1 SH-AH0-N


emerson baker known as tad, is professor of history at salem state college.

EH1 M-ER0 S-AH0-N B-EY1 K-ER0 N-OW1 N-AE1-Z T-AE1 D-IH1-Z P-R-AH0 F-EH1 S-ER0 AH1-V HH-IH1-S T-ER0 IY0 AE1-T S-EY1 L-AH0-M-S T-EY1-T K-AA1 L-IH0-JH


his new book last year, it was titled a storm of witchcraft,

HH-IH1 Z-N-UW1 B-UH1 K-L-AE1-S T-Y-IH1 R-IH1 T-W-AA1-Z T-AY1 T-AH0-L D-AH0-S T-AO1-R M-AH1 V-W-IH1-CH K-R-AE2-F-T


the salem trials and the american experience. ted baker

DH-AH0 S-EY1 L-AH0-M T-R-AY1 AH0-L Z-AH0-N-D DH-AH0 AH0 M-EH1 R-AH0 K-AH0 N-IH0-K-S P-IH1 R-IY0 AH0-N-S T-EH1-D B-EY1 K-ER0


this week in salem. what we'll never forget is what you quoted at the memorial,

DH-IH1 S-W-IY1 K-IH0-N S-EY1 L-AH0 M-W-AH1 T-W-EH1-L N-EH1 V-ER0 F-ER0 G-EH1 T-IH1 Z-W-AH1 T-Y-UW1 K-W-OW1 T-AH0 D-AE1-T DH-AH0 M-AH0 M-AO1 R-IY0 AH0-L


that the city of salem built in 1992 to the victims on the 300th anniversary of their deaths.

DH-AE1-T DH-AH0 S-IH1 T-IY0 AH1-V S-EY1 L-AH0-M B-IH1-L T-IH0-N N-AY1-N T-IY1-N N-AY1-N T-IY0 T-UW1 T-UW1 DH-AH0 V-IH1-K T-AH0-M Z-AA1-N DH-AH0 TH-R-IY1 HH-AH1-N D-R-AH0-D TH-AE2 N-AH0 V-ER1 S-ER0 IY0 AH1-V DH-EH1-R D-EH1-TH-S


that was you, ted baker, quoting martyrs, heroes, i mean saints by almost any definition, no? absolutely.

DH-AE1 T-W-AA1 Z-Y-UW1 T-EH1-D B-EY1 K-ER0 K-W-OW1 T-IH0-NG M-AA1-R T-ER0-Z HH-IH1 R-OW0 Z-AY1 M-IY1-N S-EY1-N-T-S B-AY1 AO1-L M-OW2-S T-EH1 N-IY0 D-EH2 F-AH0 N-IH1 SH-AH0-N N-OW1 AE2-B S-AH0 L-UW1 T-L-IY0


these are the real, the real heroes of the story who paid the ultimate price.

DH-IY1 Z-AA1-R DH-AH0 R-IY1-L DH-AH0 R-IY1-L HH-IH1 R-OW0 Z-AH1-V DH-AH0-S T-AO1 R-IY0 HH-UW1 P-EY1-D DH-AH0 AH1-L T-AH0 M-AH0-T P-R-AY1-S


i want to hear your favorites, a sketch of one, or maybe two of those six women, marilyn roach.

AY1 W-AA1-N-T T-UW1 HH-IY1 R-Y-AO1-R F-EY1 V-ER0 IH0-T S-AH0-S K-EH1 CH-AH1 V-W-AH1 N-AO1-R M-EY1 B-IY0 T-UW1 AH1-V DH-OW1-Z S-IH1-K S-W-IH1 M-AH0-N M-EH1 R-AH0 L-AH0 N-R-OW1-CH


what was her response at trial?

W-AH1 T-W-AA1-Z HH-ER0 R-IH0-S P-AA1-N S-AE1-T T-R-AY1 AH0-L


cut to the chase. i want to know bridget's last words. do we know them?

K-AH1-T T-UW1 DH-AH0 CH-EY1 S-AY1 W-AA1-N-T T-UW1 N-OW1 B-R-IH1 JH-AH0-T S-L-AE1-S T-W-ER1-D-Z D-UW1 W-IY1 N-OW1 DH-EH1-M


no, but she was defiant to the end.

N-OW1 B-AH1-T SH-IY1 W-AA1-Z D-IH0 F-AY1 AH0-N-T T-UW1 DH-AH0 EH1-N-D


i want to know your big theories of why this happened, who started it?

AY1 W-AA1-N-T T-UW1 N-OW1 Y-AO1-R B-IH1-G TH-IH1 R-IY0 Z-AH1 V-W-AY1 DH-IH1-S HH-AE1 P-AH0-N-D HH-UW1-S T-AA1-R T-AH0 D-IH1-T


i mean, you had a good phrase on that.

AY1 M-IY1 N-Y-UW1 HH-AE1 D-AH0 G-UH1-D F-R-EY1 Z-AA1-N DH-AE1-T


like what, for example, had gone wrong?

L-AY1 K-W-AH1-T F-AO1 R-IH0-G Z-AE1-M P-AH0-L HH-AE1-D G-AO1 N-R-AO1-NG


puritans would have seen as heathen or godless. and so together, these groups are sort of agents.

P-Y-UH1 R-AH0 T-AH0-N Z-W-UH1-D HH-AE1-V S-IY1 N-AE1-Z HH-IY1 DH-AH0 N-AO1-R G-AA1 D-L-AH0 S-AH0-N-D S-OW1 T-AH0 G-EH1 DH-ER0 DH-IY1-Z G-R-UW1-P S-AA1-R S-AO1-R T-AH1 V-EY1 JH-AH0-N-T-S


again, they would have been seen as agents of satan and they are destroying the settlements in northern new england

AH0 G-EH1-N DH-EY1 W-UH1-D HH-AE1-V B-IH1-N S-IY1 N-AE1 Z-EY1 JH-AH0-N-T S-AH1-V S-EY1 T-AH0 N-AH0-N-D DH-EY1 AA1-R D-IH0-S T-R-OY1 IH0-NG DH-AH0 S-EH1 T-AH0-L M-AH0-N-T S-IH0-N N-AO1-R DH-ER0-N N-UW1 IH1-NG G-L-AH0-N-D


upon a hill. so there's a great symbolism in this war. it's not just a military defeat with more taxes and boys dying on the frontier. and if you combine that with the worst weather, the little ice age,

AH0 P-AA1 N-AH0 HH-IH1-L S-OW1 DH-EH1-R Z-AH0 G-R-EY1-T S-IH1-M B-AH0 L-IH2 Z-AH0 M-IH0-N DH-IH1 S-W-AO1 R-IH1-T S-N-AA1-T JH-AH1-S T-AH0 M-IH1 L-AH0 T-EH2 R-IY0 D-IH0 F-IY1 T-W-IH1 DH-M-AO1-R T-AE1-K S-AH0 Z-AH0-N-D B-OY1-Z D-AY1 IH0 NG-AA1-N DH-AH0 F-R-AH0-N T-IH1 R-AH0-N D-IH1 F-Y-UW1 K-AH0-M B-AY1-N DH-AE1 T-W-IH1-DH DH-AH0 W-ER1-S T-W-EH1 DH-ER0 DH-AH0 L-IH1 T-AH0 L-AY1 S-EY1-JH


we now know now, which means crop failures. it means, see if this sounds familiar,

W-IY1 N-AW1 N-OW1 N-AW1 W-IH1 CH-M-IY1-N-Z K-R-AA1-P F-EY1 L-Y-ER0 Z-IH1 T-M-IY1-N-Z S-IY1 IH1-F DH-IH1-S S-AW1-N-D-Z F-AH0 M-IH1 L-Y-ER0


some of the longest dry summers in history, crop failure.

S-AH1 M-AH1-V DH-AH0 L-AO1-NG G-AH0-S-T D-R-AY1 S-AH1 M-ER0 Z-IH0-N HH-IH1-S T-ER0 IY0 K-R-AA1-P F-EY1 L-Y-ER0


in place... boston strong, so to speak. you know what i mean?

IH0-N P-L-EY1-S B-AA1-S T-AH0-N-S T-R-AO1-NG S-OW1 T-UW1-S P-IY1 K-Y-UW1 N-OW1 W-AH1 T-AY1 M-IY1-N


i don't know how much the general public is aware of that.

AY1 D-AA1-N T-N-OW1 HH-AW1 M-AH1-CH DH-AH0 JH-EH1 N-ER0 AH0-L P-AH1 B-L-IH0 K-IH1 Z-AH0 W-EH1 R-AH1-V DH-AE1-T


that's [inaudible 00:04:20] the minister in salem was very interested in the book of revelations all along.

TH-AE1-T S-IH0 N-AO1 D-AH0 B-AH0-L Z-IH1 R-OW0 AW1 ER0-Z F-AO1-R M-IH1 N-AH0-T S-AH0-N-D T-W-EH1-N T-IY0 S-EH1 K-AH0-N-D-Z DH-AH0 M-IH1 N-AH0-S T-ER0 IH0-N S-EY1 L-AH0 M-W-AA1-Z V-EH1 R-IY0 IH1-N T-R-AH0-S T-AH0 D-IH0-N DH-AH0 B-UH1 K-AH1 V-R-EH2 V-AH0 L-EY1 SH-AH0-N Z-AO1 L-AH0 L-AO1-NG


but she was saying that they thought that it was a badge of honor to be, have been selected for this ultimate shootout. the end of times.

B-AH1-T SH-IY1 W-AA1-Z S-EY1 IH0-NG DH-AE1-T DH-EY1 TH-AO1-T DH-AE1 T-IH1 T-W-AA1 Z-AH0 B-AE1 JH-AH1 V-AA1 N-ER0 T-UW1 B-IY1 HH-AE1-V B-IH1-N S-AH0 L-EH1-K T-AH0-D F-AO1-R DH-IH1 S-AH1-L T-AH0 M-AH0-T SH-UW1 T-AW0-T DH-AH0 EH1-N D-AH1-V T-AY1-M-Z


right? absolutely. this is, this is the city upon the hill. they have a special covenant with god and they've been beset with satan as their great test. and they have to overcome satan.

R-AY1 T-AE2-B S-AH0 L-UW1 T-L-IY0 DH-IH1 S-IH1-Z DH-IH1 S-IH1-Z DH-AH0 S-IH1 T-IY0 AH0 P-AA1-N DH-AH0 HH-IH1-L DH-EY1 HH-AE1 V-AH0-S P-EH1 SH-AH0-L K-AH1 V-AH0 N-AH0-N T-W-IH1-DH G-AA1 D-AH0-N-D DH-EY1-V B-IH1-N B-IH0 S-EH1 T-W-IH1-DH S-EY1 T-AH0 N-AE1-Z DH-EH1-R G-R-EY1-T T-EH1-S T-AH0-N-D DH-EY1 HH-AE1-V T-UW1 OW1 V-ER0 K-AH2-M S-EY1 T-AH0-N


they'd been trying to do things right god's way. so naturally satan would have it in for them. other people might be too easy to target.

TH-IY1-D B-IH1-N T-R-AY1 IH0-NG T-UW1 D-UW1 TH-IH1-NG Z-R-AY1-T G-AA1-D Z-W-EY1 S-OW1 N-AE1 CH-ER0 AH0 L-IY0 S-EY1 T-AH0 N-W-UH1-D HH-AE1 V-IH1 T-IH0-N F-AO1-R DH-EH1 M-AH1 DH-ER0 P-IY1 P-AH0-L M-AY1-T B-IY1 T-UW1 IY1 Z-IY0 T-UW1 T-AA1-R G-AH0-T


good where they. they were so good that satan had to-

G-UH1 D-W-EH1-R DH-EY1 DH-EY1 W-ER0 S-OW1 G-UH1-D DH-AE1-T S-EY1 T-AH0-N HH-AE1-D T-UW1


well that on a hill pot indicated that everybody was watching the experiment of the settlement to see if they were going to fail or not so don't blow it. everybody-

W-EH1-L DH-AE1 T-AA1 N-AH0 HH-IH1-L P-AA1 T-IH1-N D-AH0 K-EY2 T-AH0-D DH-AE1 T-EH1 V-R-IY0 B-AA2 D-IY0 W-AA1 Z-W-AA1 CH-IH0-NG DH-AH0 IH0-K-S P-EH1 R-AH0 M-AH0-N T-AH1-V DH-AH0 S-EH1 T-AH0-L M-AH0-N-T T-UW1 S-IY1 IH1-F DH-EY1 W-ER0 G-OW1 IH0-NG T-UW1 F-EY1 L-AO1-R N-AA1-T S-OW1 D-AA1-N-T B-L-OW1 IH1 T-EH1 V-R-IY0 B-AA2 D-IY0


in the cemetery where she's supposed to be buried with her family [crosstalk 00:00:19] basically stole her body off of gallows hill to give her proper decent christian burial

IH0-N DH-AH0 S-EH1 M-AH0 T-EH2 R-IY0 W-EH1-R SH-EH1-S S-AH0 P-OW1-Z-D T-UW1 B-IY1 B-EH1 R-IY0 D-W-IH1-DH HH-ER0 F-AE1 M-AH0 L-IY0 K-R-AO1-S T-AO1-K Z-IH1 R-OW0 AW1 ER0-Z Z-IH1 R-OW0 M-IH1 N-AH0-T S-AH0-N D-N-AY1-N T-IY1-N S-EH1 K-AH0-N-D-Z B-EY1 S-IH0 K-L-IY0-S T-OW1-L HH-ER0 B-AA1 D-IY0 AO1 F-AH1-V G-AE1 L-OW0-Z HH-IH1-L T-UW1 G-IH1-V HH-ER0 P-R-AA1 P-ER0 D-IY1 S-AH0-N-T K-R-IH1-S CH-AH0-N B-EH1 R-IY0 AH0-L


because realize people were accused from wells, maine to sudbury, massachusetts. people from all throughout essex county and boston were involved.

B-IH0 K-AO1 Z-R-IY1 L-AY2-Z P-IY1 P-AH0 L-W-ER0 AH0 K-Y-UW1-Z-D F-R-AH1 M-W-EH1-L Z-M-EY1-N T-UW1 S-AH1-D B-EH2 R-IY0 M-AE2 S-AH0 CH-UW1 S-AH0-T-S P-IY1 P-AH0-L F-R-AH1 M-AO1-L TH-R-UW0 AW1 T-EH1 S-IH0-K-S K-AW1-N T-IY0 AH0-N-D B-AA1-S T-AH0 N-W-ER0 IH0-N V-AA1-L-V-D


next county. i mean the jail in cambridge was full.

N-EH1-K-S-T K-AW1-N T-IY0 AY1 M-IY1-N DH-AH0 JH-EY1 L-IH0-N K-EY1-M B-R-IH0 JH-W-AA1-Z F-UH1-L


toothaker died in the jail on court street in boston.

T-UW1 TH-AH0 K-ER0 D-AY1 D-IH0-N DH-AH0 JH-EY1 L-AA1-N K-AO1-R-T-S T-R-IY1 T-IH0-N B-AA1-S T-AH0-N


did you say toothaker? yeah, he wasn't a dentist. he was a doctor but not a dentist. he was a doctor.

D-IH1 D-Y-UW1 S-EY1 T-UW1 TH-AH0 K-ER0 Y-AE1 HH-IY1 W-AO1-S T-AH0 D-EH1-N T-AH0-S-T HH-IY1 W-AA1 Z-AH0 D-AA1-K T-ER0 B-AH1 T-N-AA1 T-AH0 D-EH1-N T-AH0-S-T HH-IY1 W-AA1 Z-AH0 D-AA1-K T-ER0


are there players that you fixed on? we barely mentioned cot mather or his father increase mather, but

AA1-R DH-EH1-R P-L-EY1 ER0-Z DH-AE1 T-Y-UW1 F-IH1-K-S T-AA1 N-W-IY1 B-EH1-R L-IY0 M-EH1-N SH-AH0-N-D K-AA1 T-M-AE1 DH-ER0 AO1-R HH-IH1-Z F-AA1 DH-ER0 IH1-N K-R-IY2 S-M-AE1 DH-ER0 B-AH1-T


both among the perpetrators and the victims, who are your key people? [marilyn hernia 00:01:02],

B-OW1 TH-AH0 M-AH1-NG DH-AH0 P-ER1 P-AH0 T-R-EY2 T-ER0 Z-AH0-N-D DH-AH0 V-IH1-K T-AH0-M-Z HH-UW1 AA1 R-Y-AO1-R K-IY1 P-IY1 P-AH0-L M-EH1 R-AH0 L-AH0-N HH-ER1 N-IY0 AH0 Z-IH1 R-OW0 AW1 ER0 Z-W-AH1-N M-IH1 N-AH0 T-AH0-N-D T-UW1 S-EH1 K-AH0-N-D-Z


perhaps. for example, and he wrote many famous sermons still read. on the other hand, i'm

P-ER0 HH-AE1-P-S F-AO1 R-IH0-G Z-AE1-M P-AH0 L-AH0-N-D HH-IY1 R-OW1 T-M-EH1 N-IY0 F-EY1 M-AH0-S S-ER1 M-AH0-N-Z-S T-IH1-L R-EH1 D-AA1-N DH-AH0 AH1 DH-ER0 HH-AE1-N D-IH1-M


amazed he could die with that much, i mean his reputation could survive that much blood on his hands.

AH0 M-EY1-Z-D HH-IY1 K-UH1-D D-AY1 W-IH1-DH DH-AE1 T-M-AH1 CH-AY1 M-IY1-N HH-IH1 Z-R-EH2 P-Y-AH0 T-EY1 SH-AH0-N K-UH1-D S-ER0 V-AY1-V DH-AE1 T-M-AH1-CH B-L-AH1 D-AA1-N HH-IH1-Z HH-AE1-N-D-Z


ted, you spoke of a thousand pages of court transcripts. i mean, who was writing that stuff? and what are the best scenes in it?

T-EH1 D-Y-UW1-S P-OW1 K-AH1 V-AH0 TH-AW1 Z-AH0-N-D P-EY1 JH-AH0 Z-AH1-V K-AO1-R-T T-R-AE1-N-S K-R-IH2-P-T S-AY1 M-IY1-N HH-UW1 W-AA1 Z-R-AY1 T-IH0-NG DH-AE1-T-S T-AH1 F-AH0-N D-W-AH1 T-AA1-R DH-AH0 B-EH1-S-T S-IY1-N Z-IH0 N-IH1-T


oh, it's a mix. some of them was actually taken down.

OW1 IH1-T S-AH0 M-IH1-K-S S-AH1 M-AH1-V DH-EH1 M-W-AA1 Z-AE1-K CH-AH0 W-AH0 L-IY0 T-EY1 K-AH0-N D-AW1-N


imagine this, samuel parris whose daughters were afflicted, who was the minister in salem village.

IH0 M-AE1 JH-AH0-N DH-IH1-S S-AE1 M-Y-UW0-L P-EH1 R-IH0-S HH-UW1-Z D-AO1 T-ER0 Z-W-ER0 AH0 F-L-IH1-K T-AH0-D HH-UW1 W-AA1-Z DH-AH0 M-IH1 N-AH0-S T-ER0 IH0-N S-EY1 L-AH0-M V-IH1 L-AH0-JH


how would that fly today in our efforts to have an unbiased, unprejudiced court?

HH-AW1 W-UH1-D DH-AE1-T F-L-AY1 T-AH0 D-EY1 IH0 N-AW1 ER0 EH1 F-ER0-T-S T-UW1 HH-AE1 V-AE1 N-AH2-N B-AY1 AH0-S T-AH0-N P-R-AH0 JH-UW1 D-AH0-S-T K-AO1-R-T


there's so many of these bad things happen. they stop when they come to seem ridiculous. right. not to mention just too scary. sure. well, what broke it? how about when-

DH-EH1-R-Z S-OW1 M-EH1 N-IY0 AH1-V DH-IY1-Z B-AE1-D TH-IH1-NG-Z HH-AE1 P-AH0-N DH-EY1-S T-AA1 P-W-EH1-N DH-EY1 K-AH1-M T-UW1 S-IY1 M-R-IH0 D-IH1 K-Y-AH0 L-AH0 S-R-AY1 T-N-AA1-T T-UW1 M-EH1-N SH-AH0-N JH-AH1-S-T T-UW1-S K-EH1 R-IY0 SH-UH1 R-W-EH1 L-W-AH1-T B-R-OW1 K-IH1-T HH-AW1 AH0 B-AW1 T-W-EH1-N


it's a dangerous world for so many reasons but don't we all agree that it could never happen again. certainly not that way.

IH1-T S-AH0 D-EY1-N JH-ER0 AH0 S-W-ER1-L-D F-AO1-R S-OW1 M-EH1 N-IY0 R-IY1 Z-AH0-N-Z B-AH1-T D-AA1-N T-W-IY1 AO1 L-AH0 G-R-IY1 DH-AE1 T-IH1-T K-UH1 D-N-EH1 V-ER0 HH-AE1 P-AH0 N-AH0 G-EH1-N S-ER1 T-AH0 N-L-IY0 N-AA1-T DH-AE1 T-W-EY1


oh like compare witches to terrorists. we can talk about that if you want.

OW1 L-AY1-K K-AH0-M P-EH1 R-W-IH1 CH-AH0-Z T-UW1 T-EH1 R-ER0 AH0-S-T S-W-IY1 K-AE1-N T-AO1 K-AH0 B-AW1-T DH-AE1 T-IH1 F-Y-UW1 W-AA1-N-T


in particular, you colonel pyncheon and all the family who follows you. look at him everyone as a

IH0-N P-ER0 T-IH1 K-Y-AH0 L-ER0 Y-UW1 K-ER1 N-AH0-L P-IH1-N CH-IY0 AH0 N-AH0-N D-AO1-L DH-AH0 F-AE1 M-AH0 L-IY0 HH-UW1 F-AA1 L-OW0 Z-Y-UW1 L-UH1 K-AE1-T HH-IH1 M-EH1 V-R-IY0 W-AH2 N-AE1 Z-AH0


dying man makes a promise. colonel pyncheon, god will give you and yours blood!

D-AY1 IH0-NG M-AE1-N M-EY1-K S-AH0 P-R-AA1 M-AH0-S K-ER1 N-AH0-L P-IH1-N CH-IY0 AH0-N G-AA1 D-W-IH1-L G-IH1 V-Y-UW1 AH0-N D-Y-UH1-R-Z B-L-AH1-D


the house of the seven gables is for me the signal hawthorne book. the number of layers that you can peel back is truly staggering. remind- [inaudible 00:02:38]

DH-AH0 HH-AW1 S-AH1-V DH-AH0 S-EH1 V-AH0-N G-EY1 B-AH0-L Z-IH1-Z F-AO1-R M-IY1 DH-AH0 S-IH1 G-N-AH0-L HH-AO1 TH-AO0-R-N B-UH1-K DH-AH0 N-AH1-M B-ER0 AH1 V-L-EY1 ER0-Z DH-AE1 T-Y-UW1 K-AE1-N P-IY1-L B-AE1 K-IH1-Z T-R-UW1 L-IY0-S T-AE1 G-ER0 IH0 NG-R-IY0 M-AY1-N D-IH0 N-AO1 D-AH0 B-AH0-L Z-IH1 R-OW0 AW1 ER0-Z T-UW1 M-IH1 N-AH0-T S-AH0-N-D TH-ER1 D-IY0 EY1-T S-EH1 K-AH0-N-D-Z


persuaded me that seven gables is not, the scarlet letter is the perfect distillation of everything we're talking about around witches.

P-ER0 S-W-EY1 D-AH0 D-M-IY1 DH-AE1-T S-EH1 V-AH0-N G-EY1 B-AH0-L Z-IH1 Z-N-AA1-T DH-AH0-S K-AA1-R L-AH0 T-L-EH1 T-ER0 IH1-Z DH-AH0 P-ER1 F-IH2-K-T D-IH2-S T-AH0 L-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH1 V-EH1 V-R-IY0 TH-IH2 NG-W-ER0 T-AO1 K-IH0 NG-AH0 B-AW1 T-ER0 AW1-N D-W-IH1 CH-AH0-Z


i mean it holds up an extreme case of it and says-

AY1 M-IY1 N-IH1-T HH-OW1-L-D Z-AH1 P-AE1 N-IH0-K-S T-R-IY1-M K-EY1 S-AH1 V-IH1 T-AH0-N-D S-EH1-Z


right? i mean, look at this as the first massive failure of the government to protect the innocent and what does the governor do? he issues a publication ban after cotton mather's book comes up again.

R-AY1 T-AY1 M-IY1 N-L-UH1 K-AE1-T DH-IH1 S-AE1-Z DH-AH0 F-ER1-S T-M-AE1 S-IH0-V F-EY1 L-Y-ER0 AH1-V DH-AH0 G-AH1 V-ER0 M-AH0-N-T T-UW1 P-R-AH0 T-EH1-K-T DH-AH0 IH1 N-AH0 S-AH0-N T-AH0-N D-W-AH1-T D-AH1-Z DH-AH0 G-AH1 V-ER0 N-ER0 D-UW1 HH-IY1 IH1 SH-UW0 Z-AH0 P-AH2 B-L-IH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0-N B-AE1 N-AE1-F T-ER0 K-AA1 T-AH0-N M-AE1 DH-ER0-Z B-UH1-K K-AH1-M Z-AH1 P-AH0 G-EH1-N


integral. this is important. the first cover up in american history. he said we're not going to talk about this.

IH1-N T-AH0 G-R-AH0-L DH-IH1 S-IH1 Z-IH0-M P-AO1-R T-AH0-N-T DH-AH0 F-ER1-S-T K-AH1 V-ER0 AH1 P-IH0 N-AH0 M-EH1 R-AH0 K-AH0-N HH-IH1-S T-ER0 IY0 HH-IY1 S-EH1 D-W-ER0 N-AA1-T G-OW1 IH0-NG T-UW1 T-AO1 K-AH0 B-AW1-T DH-IH1-S


they keep going down the wrong road but it's not even-

DH-EY1 K-IY1-P G-OW1 IH0-NG D-AW1-N DH-AH0 R-AO1 NG-R-OW1-D B-AH1 T-IH1-T S-N-AA1 T-IY1 V-IH0-N


but at the same time, he was clearly haunted wasn't he?

B-AH1 T-AE1-T DH-AH0 S-EY1-M T-AY1-M HH-IY1 W-AA1-Z K-L-IH1-R L-IY0 HH-AO1-N T-AH0 D-W-AO1-S-T HH-IY1


enough to change the spelling of his name from the h a t h, he put in a w to distinguish himself from the bad guy. but there's-

IH0 N-AH1-F T-UW1 CH-EY1-N-JH DH-AH0-S P-EH1 L-IH0 NG-AH1-V HH-IH1 Z-N-EY1-M F-R-AH1-M DH-AH0 EY1 CH-AH0 T-IY1 EY1-CH HH-IY1 P-UH1 T-IH0 N-AH0 D-AH1 B-AH0 L-Y-UW0 T-UW1 D-IH0-S T-IH1-NG G-W-IH0-SH HH-IH0-M S-EH1-L-F F-R-AH1-M DH-AH0 B-AE1-D G-AY1 B-AH1-T DH-EH1-R-Z


a very great severity and great complexity.

AH0 V-EH1 R-IY0 G-R-EY1-T S-IH0 V-EH1 R-IH0 T-IY0 AH0-N-D G-R-EY1-T K-AH0-M P-L-EH1-K S-AH0 T-IY0


i want to single out three as especially salient. there is first,

AY1 W-AA1-N-T T-UW1 S-IH1-NG G-AH0 L-AW1-T TH-R-IY1 AE1 Z-AH0-S P-EH1 SH-L-IY0 S-EY1 L-IY0 AH0-N-T DH-EH1 R-IH1-Z F-ER1-S-T


the young building communities and of reproducing the shared meanings.

DH-AH0 Y-AH1-NG B-IH1-L D-IH0-NG K-AH0 M-Y-UW1 N-AH0 T-IY0 Z-AH0-N D-AH1 V-R-IY2 P-R-AH0 D-UW1 S-IH0-NG DH-AH0 SH-EH1-R D-M-IY1 N-IH0-NG-Z


the affect of dispositions and the horizons of value that underpin social cooperation.

DH-AH0 AE1 F-EH0-K T-AH1-V D-IH2-S P-AH0 Z-IH1 SH-AH0-N Z-AH0-N-D DH-AH0 HH-ER0 AY1 Z-AH0-N Z-AH1-V V-AE1 L-Y-UW0 DH-AE1 T-AH1-N D-ER0 P-IH2-N S-OW1 SH-AH0-L K-OW0 AA2 P-ER0 EY1 SH-AH0-N


now taken singly, each of these three strands of crisis is scary enough.

N-AW1 T-EY1 K-AH0-N S-IH1-NG G-L-IY0 IY1 CH-AH1-V DH-IY1-Z TH-R-IY1-S T-R-AE1-N-D Z-AH1-V K-R-AY1 S-AH0 S-IH1-Z-S K-EH1 R-IY0 IH0 N-AH1-F


put them together and you have a constellation that is truly alarming.

P-UH1-T DH-EH1-M T-AH0 G-EH1 DH-ER0 AH0-N D-Y-UW1 HH-AE1 V-AH0 K-AA2-N-S T-AH0 L-EY1 SH-AH0-N DH-AE1 T-IH1-Z T-R-UW1 L-IY0 AH0 L-AA1-R M-IH0-NG


it's the convergence of these three strands.

IH1-T-S DH-AH0 K-AH0-N V-ER1 JH-AH0-N S-AH1-V DH-IY1-Z TH-R-IY1-S T-R-AE1-N-D-Z


certainly it must disclose the specificity of each,

S-ER1 T-AH0 N-L-IY0 IH1 T-M-AH1-S-T D-IH0-S K-L-OW1-Z DH-AH0-S P-EH2 S-AH0 F-IH1 S-AH0 T-IY0 AH1 V-IY1-CH


but it should also clarify the ways in which the ecological strand of crisis,

B-AH1 T-IH1-T SH-UH1 D-AO1-L S-OW0 K-L-EH1 R-AH0 F-AY2 DH-AH0 W-EY1 Z-IH0 N-W-IH1-CH DH-AH0 IY0 K-AH0 L-AA1 JH-IH0 K-AH0-L-S T-R-AE1-N D-AH1-V K-R-AY1 S-AH0-S


the financialization strand of crisis, and the social reproduction.

DH-AH0 F-IH2 N-AH0-N SH-AH0 L-AH0 Z-IH1 SH-AH0-N-S T-R-AE1-N D-AH1-V K-R-AY1 S-AH0 S-AH0-N-D DH-AH0 S-OW1 SH-AH0-L R-IY2 P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0-N


today however, we lack any such critical theory.

T-AH0 D-EY1 HH-AW2 EH1 V-ER0 W-IY1 L-AE1 K-EH1 N-IY0 S-AH1-CH K-R-IH1 T-IH0 K-AH0-L TH-IH1 R-IY0


our received understandings of crisis tend to focus on a single aspect.

AW1 ER0 R-AH0 S-IY1-V D-AH0-N D-ER0-S T-AE1-N D-IH0-NG Z-AH1-V K-R-AY1 S-AH0-S T-EH1-N-D T-UW1 F-OW1 K-AH0 S-AA1 N-AH0 S-IH1-NG G-AH0 L-AE1-S P-EH2-K-T


typically the economic or the ecological, which they isolate from and privilege over the others.

T-IH1 P-IH0 K-L-IY0 DH-AH0 EH2 K-AH0 N-AA1 M-IH0 K-AO1-R DH-AH0 IY0 K-AH0 L-AA1 JH-IH0 K-AH0 L-W-IH1-CH DH-EY1 AY1 S-AH0 L-EY2-T F-R-AH1 M-AH0-N-D P-R-IH1 V-L-AH0 JH-OW1 V-ER0 DH-AH0 AH1 DH-ER0-Z


and which therefore, remains ghettoized.

AH0-N D-W-IH1-CH DH-EH1-R F-AO2-R R-IH0 M-EY1-N-Z G-EH1 T-AH0 SH-AY2-D-Z


today, however, this sort of critical separatism, as i'd like to call it, is counterproductive.

T-AH0 D-EY1 HH-AW2 EH1 V-ER0 DH-IH1-S S-AO1-R T-AH1-V K-R-IH1 T-IH0 K-AH0-L S-EH1 P-ER0 AH0 T-IH2 Z-AH0 M-AE1 Z-IH1 D-L-AY1-K T-UW1 K-AO1 L-IH1 T-IH1-Z K-AW1-N T-ER0 P-R-AH0 D-AH2-K T-IH0-V


eschewing economism on the one hand, and what i'd like to call ecologism on the other...

EH2 SH-UW1 IH0 NG-IH0 K-AA1 N-AH0 M-IH0 Z-AH0 M-AA1-N DH-AH0 W-AH1-N HH-AE1-N D-AH0-N D-W-AH1 T-IH1 D-L-AY1-K T-UW1 K-AO1 L-IH0 K-AA1 L-AH0 JH-AH0 D-IH2 Z-AH0 M-AA1-N DH-AH0 AH1 DH-ER0


now, i want to suggest that the thought of karl...

N-AW1 AY1 W-AA1-N-T T-UW1 S-AH0-G JH-EH1-S-T DH-AE1-T DH-AH0 TH-AO1 T-AH1-V K-AA1-R-L


polanyi affords a promising starting point for this sort of theorizing.

P-OW0 L-AA1 N-IY0 AH0 F-AO1-R-D Z-AH0 P-R-AA1 M-AH0 S-IH0-NG-S T-AA1-R T-IH0-NG P-OY1-N-T F-AO1-R DH-IH1-S S-AO1-R T-AH1-V TH-IY1 ER0 AY2 Z-IH0-NG


his 1944 classic, the great transformation elaborates and account of an earlier crisis that connects ecology...

HH-IH1 Z-N-AY1-N T-IY1-N F-AO1-R T-IY0 F-AO1-R K-L-AE1 S-IH0-K DH-AH0 G-R-EY1-T T-R-AE2-N-S F-ER0 M-EY1 SH-AH0 N-IH0 L-AE1 B-ER0 EY2-T S-AH0-N D-AH0 K-AW1-N T-AH1 V-AE1 N-ER1 L-IY0 ER0 K-R-AY1 S-AH0-S DH-AE1-T K-AH0 N-EH1-K-T S-IH0 K-AA1 L-AH0 JH-IY0


political economy, and social reproduction.

P-AH0 L-IH1 T-AH0 K-AH0 L-IH0 K-AA1 N-AH0 M-IY0 AH0-N-D S-OW1 SH-AH0-L R-IY2 P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0-N


the book conceives crisis as a multifaceted historical process that began with the rise of economic liberalism...

DH-AH0 B-UH1-K K-AH0-N S-IY1-V-Z K-R-AY1 S-AH0 S-AE1 Z-AH0 M-AH2-L T-IY0 F-AE1 S-AH0 T-IH0-D HH-IH0-S T-AO1 R-IH0 K-AH0-L P-R-AA1 S-EH2-S DH-AE1-T B-IH0 G-AE1 N-W-IH1-DH DH-AH0 R-AY1 Z-AH1 V-EH2 K-AH0 N-AA1 M-IH0 K-L-IH1 B-ER0 AH0 L-IH2 Z-AH0-M


in 19th century britain, and proceeded over the course of a century and a half to envelop the entire world, bringing with it...

IH0-N N-AY1-N T-IY1-N-TH S-EH1-N CH-ER0 IY0 B-R-IH1 T-AH0 N-AH0-N-D P-R-AH0 S-IY1 D-AH0 D-OW1 V-ER0 DH-AH0 K-AO1-R S-AH1 V-AH0 S-EH1-N CH-ER0 IY0 AH0-N D-AH0 HH-AE1-F T-UW1 IH0-N V-EH1 L-AH0-P DH-AH0 IH0-N T-AY1 ER0 W-ER1-L-D B-R-IH1 NG-IH0 NG-W-IH1 DH-IH1-T


intensified imperial subjection, periodic economic depressions, and cataclysmic wars.

IH0-N T-EH1-N S-AH0 F-AY2 D-IH0-M P-IH1 R-IY0 AH0-L S-AH0-B JH-EH1-K SH-AH0-N P-IH2 R-IY0 AA1 D-IH0 K-EH2 K-AH0 N-AA1 M-IH0-K D-IH0 P-R-EH1 SH-AH0-N Z-AH0-N-D K-AE2 T-AH0 K-L-IH1 Z-M-IH0 K-W-AO1-R-Z


moreover, this crisis was less about economic breakdown in the narrow sense...

M-AO0 R-OW1 V-ER0 DH-IH1-S K-R-AY1 S-AH0 S-W-AA1 Z-L-EH1 S-AH0 B-AW1 T-EH2 K-AH0 N-AA1 M-IH0-K B-R-EY1-K D-AW2 N-IH0-N DH-AH0 N-EH1 R-OW0 S-EH1-N-S


than in a momentous shift in the place of economy, vis a...

DH-AE1 N-IH0 N-AH0 M-OW0 M-EH1-N T-AH0-S SH-IH1-F T-IH0-N DH-AH0 P-L-EY1 S-AH1 V-IH0 K-AA1 N-AH0 M-IY0 V-IH1 S-AH0


political regulation, proponents of the so-called self...

P-AH0 L-IH1 T-AH0 K-AH0-L R-EH2 G-Y-AH0 L-EY1 SH-AH0-N P-R-AH0 P-OW1 N-AH0-N-T S-AH1-V DH-AH0 S-OW1 K-AA1-L-D S-EH1-L-F


regulating market, and i put this term in scare quotes because in...

R-EH1 G-Y-AH0 L-EY2 T-IH0-NG M-AA1-R K-AH0 T-AH0-N D-AY1 P-UH1-T DH-IH1-S T-ER1 M-IH0-N-S K-EH1-R K-W-OW1-T-S B-IH0 K-AO1 Z-IH0-N


on markets. conceiving labor land and money, as factors...

AA1-N M-AA1-R K-AH0-T-S K-AH0-N S-IY1 V-IH0 NG-L-EY1 B-ER0 L-AE1-N D-AH0-N D-M-AH1 N-IY0 AE1-Z F-AE1-K T-ER0-Z


of production. they treated those fundamental bases of social life as if they were ordinary commodities and subjected them to...

AH1-V P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0-N DH-EY1 T-R-IY1 T-AH0-D DH-OW1-Z F-AH2-N D-AH0 M-EH1-N T-AH0-L B-EY1 S-AH0 Z-AH1-V S-OW1 SH-AH0-L L-AY1 F-AE1 Z-IH1-F DH-EY1 W-ER0 AO1-R D-AH0 N-EH2 R-IY0 K-AH0 M-AA1 D-AH0 T-IY0 Z-AH0-N-D S-AH0-B JH-EH1-K T-IH0-D DH-EH1-M T-UW1


market exchange. the effects of this fictitious commodification, as...

M-AA1-R K-AH0 T-IH0-K-S CH-EY1-N-JH DH-AH0 IH0 F-EH1-K-T S-AH1-V DH-IH1-S F-IH0-K T-IH1 SH-AH0-S K-AA2 M-AH0 D-AH0 F-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AE1-Z


of society. the result was a distinctive pattern of social conflict, which he called the...

AH1-V S-AH0 S-AY1 AH0 T-IY0 DH-AH0 R-IH0 Z-AH1-L T-W-AA1 Z-AH0 D-IH0-S T-IH1-NG-K T-IH0-V P-AE1 T-ER0 N-AH1-V S-OW1 SH-AH0-L K-AA1-N F-L-IH0-K T-W-IH1-CH HH-IY1 K-AO1-L-D DH-AH0


the latter, moreover. his framework seems to me to...

DH-AH0 L-AE1 T-ER0 M-AO0 R-OW1 V-ER0 HH-IH1-Z F-R-EY1 M-W-ER2-K S-IY1-M-Z T-UW1 M-IY1 T-UW1


be capable at least in principle of embracing many feminist concerns, and indeed of connecting them to the concerns of political ecologists, and.

B-IY1 K-EY1 P-AH0 B-AH0 L-AE1 T-L-IY1-S T-IH0-N P-R-IH1-N S-AH0 P-AH0 L-AH1 V-EH0-M B-R-EY1 S-IH0-NG M-EH1 N-IY0 F-EH1 M-AH0 N-AH0-S-T K-AH0-N S-ER1-N Z-AH0-N D-IH0-N D-IY1 D-AH1-V K-AH0 N-EH1-K T-IH0-NG DH-EH1-M T-UW1 DH-AH0 K-AH0-N S-ER1-N Z-AH1-V P-AH0 L-IH1 T-AH0 K-AH0 L-IH0 K-AA1 L-AH0 JH-IH0-S-T S-AH0-N-D


political economists. now this point alone would qualify polanyi as a promising resource for those of us who seek to understand the crisis of the...

P-AH0 L-IH1 T-AH0 K-AH0 L-IH0 K-AA1 N-AH0 M-IH0-S-T S-N-AW1 DH-IH1-S P-OY1-N T-AH0 L-OW1 N-W-UH1-D K-W-AA1 L-AH0 F-AY2 P-OW0 L-AA1 N-IY0 AE1 Z-AH0 P-R-AA1 M-AH0 S-IH0 NG-R-IY1 S-AO0-R-S F-AO1-R DH-OW1 Z-AH1 V-AH1-S HH-UW1 S-IY1-K T-UW1 AH2-N D-ER0-S T-AE1-N-D DH-AH0 K-R-AY1 S-AH0 S-AH1-V DH-AH0


21st century, but there are some other more specific reasons for turning...

T-W-EH1-N T-IY0 F-ER1-S-T S-EH1-N CH-ER0 IY0 B-AH1-T DH-EH1 R-AA1-R S-AH1 M-AH1 DH-ER0 M-AO1-R-S P-AH0 S-IH1 F-IH0 K-R-IY1 Z-AH0-N-Z F-AO1-R T-ER1 N-IH0-NG


to him today. the story told in the great transformation has some very strong echoes in...

T-UW1 HH-IH1-M T-AH0 D-EY1 DH-AH0-S T-AO1 R-IY0 T-OW1-L D-IH0-N DH-AH0 G-R-EY1-T T-R-AE2-N-S F-ER0 M-EY1 SH-AH0-N HH-AE1-Z S-AH1-M V-EH1 R-IY0-S T-R-AO1 NG-EH1 K-OW0 Z-IH0-N


current developments. there is at least a prima facie case for the view that the present crisis was triggered by recent efforts to...

K-ER1 AH0-N-T D-IH0 V-EH1 L-AH0 P-M-AH0-N-T-S DH-EH1 R-IH1 Z-AE1 T-L-IY1-S T-AH0 P-R-IY1 M-AH0 F-EY1 S-IY0 K-EY1-S F-AO1-R DH-AH0 V-Y-UW1 DH-AE1-T DH-AH0 P-R-EH1 Z-AH0-N-T K-R-AY1 S-AH0 S-W-AA1-Z T-R-IH1 G-ER0-D B-AY1 R-IY1 S-AH0-N T-EH1 F-ER0-T-S T-UW1


disencumber markets from the governance regimes, both national, international, and regional that were established in the aftermath of world...

D-IH0 S-IH0-N K-AH1 B-ER0-M M-AA1-R K-AH0-T-S F-R-AH1-M DH-AH0 G-AH1 V-ER0 N-AH0-N S-R-AH0 ZH-IY1-M-Z B-OW1 TH-N-AE1 SH-AH0 N-AH0 L-IH2-N T-ER0 N-AE1 SH-AH0 N-AH0 L-AH0-N D-R-IY1 JH-AH0 N-AH0-L DH-AE1 T-W-ER0 IH0-S T-AE1 B-L-IH0-SH T-IH0-N DH-AH0 AE1-F T-ER0 M-AE2 TH-AH1 V-W-ER1-L-D


financial derivatives. now, as then, the effect is to despoil nature, to rupture communities, and to destroy...

F-AH0 N-AE1-N SH-AH0-L D-ER0 IH1 V-AH0 T-IH0-V Z-N-AW1 AE1-Z DH-EH1-N DH-AH0 IH0 F-EH1-K T-IH1-Z T-UW1 D-EH1-S P-OY2-L N-EY1 CH-ER0 T-UW1 R-AH1-P CH-ER0 K-AH0 M-Y-UW1 N-AH0 T-IY0 Z-AH0-N-D T-UW1 D-IH0-S T-R-OY1


livelihoods. today, moreover, as in...

L-AY1 V-L-IY0 HH-UH2-D-Z T-AH0 D-EY1 M-AO0 R-OW1 V-ER0 AE1 Z-IH0-N


polanyi's time, counter movements are mobilizing to protect society and nature from the ravages of...

P-AH0 L-AE1 N-IY0 IH0-Z T-AY1-M K-AW1-N T-ER0 M-UW1 V-M-AH0-N-T S-AA1-R M-OW1 B-AH0 L-AY2 Z-IH0-NG T-UW1 P-R-AH0 T-EH1-K-T S-AH0 S-AY1 AH0 T-IY0 AH0-N D-N-EY1 CH-ER0 F-R-AH1-M DH-AH0 R-AE1 V-IH0 JH-IH0 Z-AH1-V


transformation redux. for many reasons, then, polanyi's perspective holds considerable promise, for...

T-R-AE2-N-S F-ER0 M-EY1 SH-AH0 N-R-IY1 D-AH2-K-S F-AO1-R M-EH1 N-IY0 R-IY1 Z-AH0-N-Z DH-EH1-N P-AH0 L-AE1 N-IY0 IH0-Z P-ER0-S P-EH1-K T-IH0-V HH-OW1-L-D-Z K-AH0-N S-IH1 D-ER0 AH0 B-AH0-L P-R-AA1 M-AH0-S F-AO1-R


for theorizing today. yet we should not rush to embrace...

F-AO1-R TH-IY1 ER0 AY2 Z-IH0-NG T-AH0 D-EY1 Y-EH1 T-W-IY1 SH-UH1 D-N-AA1 T-R-AH1-SH T-UW1 EH0-M B-R-EY1-S


it uncritically. even as it overcomes economism and...

IH1 T-AH0-N K-R-IH1 T-IH0 K-AH0 L-IY0 IY1 V-IH0 N-AE1 Z-IH1 T-OW1 V-ER0 K-AH2-M Z-IH0 K-AA1 N-AH0 M-IH0 Z-AH0 M-AH0-N-D


and patriarchy that depend on social constructions of labor, land, and money precisely as...

AH0-N-D P-EY1 T-R-IY0 AA2-R K-IY0 DH-AE1-T D-IH0 P-EH1-N D-AA1-N S-OW1 SH-AH0-L K-AH0-N-S T-R-AH1-K SH-AH0-N Z-AH1 V-L-EY1 B-ER0 L-AE1-N D-AH0-N D-M-AH1 N-IY0 P-R-IH0 S-AY1 S-L-IY0 AE1-Z


non commodities. demonizing marketization, the book tends to idealize...

N-AA1-N K-AH0 M-AA1 D-AH0 T-IY0-Z D-IY1 M-AH0 N-AY2 Z-IH0-NG M-AA2-R K-AH0 T-AH0 Z-EY1 SH-AH0-N DH-AH0 B-UH1-K T-EH1-N-D-Z T-UW1 AY0 D-IY1 L-AY2-Z


social protection, failing to note that protections have often served to entrench social hierarchies and...

S-OW1 SH-AH0-L P-R-AH0 T-EH1-K SH-AH0-N F-EY1 L-IH0-NG T-UW1 N-OW1-T DH-AE1-T P-R-AH0 T-EH1-K SH-AH0-N-Z HH-AE1 V-AO1 F-AH0-N S-ER1-V-D T-UW1 EH0-N T-R-EH1-N-CH S-OW1 SH-AH0-L HH-AY1 R-AA2-R K-IY0 Z-AH0-N-D


social exclusions. counter posing a bad economy to a...

S-OW1 SH-AH0 L-IH0-K-S K-L-UW1 ZH-AH0-N-Z K-AW1-N T-ER0 P-OW1 Z-IH0 NG-AH0 B-AE1 D-IH0 K-AA1 N-AH0 M-IY0 T-UW1 AH0


good society, the book flirts with communitarianism and is insufficiently sensitive, sorry, insufficiently... yeah, sensitive.

G-UH1-D S-AH0 S-AY1 AH0 T-IY0 DH-AH0 B-UH1-K F-L-ER1-T S-W-IH1-DH K-AH0 M-Y-UW2 N-AH0 T-ER0 IH1 SH-AH0-N Z-AH0-N D-IH1 Z-IH2-N S-AH0 F-IH1 SH-AH0-N T-L-IY0 S-EH1-N S-AH0 T-IH0-V S-AA1 R-IY0 IH2-N S-AH0 F-IH1 SH-AH0-N T-L-IY0 Y-AE1 S-EH1-N S-AH0 T-IH0-V


to domination. what's needed i want to suggest then is a revision of-

T-UW1 D-AA2 M-AH0 N-EY1 SH-AH0 N-W-AH0-T S-N-IY1 D-AH0 D-AY1 W-AA1-N-T T-UW1 S-AH0-G JH-EH1-S-T DH-EH1 N-IH1 Z-AH0 R-IY0 V-IH1 ZH-AH0 N-AH1-V


polanyi's framework. the goal should be a-

P-AH0 L-AE1 N-IY0 IH0-Z F-R-EY1 M-W-ER2-K DH-AH0 G-OW1-L SH-UH1-D B-IY1 AH0


washing domination. and that is precisely the aim of this-

W-AA1 SH-IH0-NG D-AA2 M-AH0 N-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH0-N-D DH-AE1 T-IH1-Z P-R-IH0 S-AY1 S-L-IY0 DH-AH0 EY1 M-AH1-V DH-IH1-S


present lecture. seeking to develop a critique that comprehends society as well-

P-R-EH1 Z-AH0-N T-L-EH1-K CH-ER0 S-IY1 K-IH0-NG T-UW1 D-IH0 V-EH1 L-AH0 P-AH0 K-R-AH0 T-IY1-K DH-AE1-T K-AA2-M P-R-IY0 HH-EH1-N-D-Z S-AH0 S-AY1 AH0 T-IY0 AE1 Z-W-EH1-L


as economy, i propose to examine one of polanyi's signature concepts, which i've already mentioned. namely, the-

AE1 Z-IH0 K-AA1 N-AH0 M-IY0 AY1 P-R-AH0 P-OW1-Z T-UW1 IH0-G Z-AE1 M-IH0 N-W-AH1 N-AH1-V P-AH0 L-AE1 N-IY0 IH0-Z S-IH1 G-N-AH0 CH-ER0 K-AA1-N S-EH0-P-T S-W-IH1 CH-AY1 V-AO0-L R-EH1 D-IY0 M-EH1-N SH-AH0-N D-N-EY1 M-L-IY0 DH-AH0


of domination. now i'm going to begin by sketching polanyi's idea-

AH1-V D-AA2 M-AH0 N-EY1 SH-AH0-N N-AW1 IH1-M G-OW1 IH0-NG T-UW1 B-IH0 G-IH1-N B-AY1-S K-EH1 CH-IH0-NG P-AH0 L-AE1 N-IY0 IH0 Z-AY0 D-IY1 AH0


of fictitious commodification. he claimed as i've already noted that-

AH1-V F-IH0-K T-IH1 SH-AH0-S K-AA2 M-AH0 D-AH0 F-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0-N HH-IY1 K-L-EY1-M D-AE1 Z-AY1 V-AO0-L R-EH1 D-IY0 N-OW1 T-AH0-D DH-AE1-T


and distribution were organized by what we would call non-economic institutions. for example, kinship, community-

AH0-N-D D-IH2-S T-R-AH0 B-Y-UW1 SH-AH0 N-W-ER0 AO1-R G-AH0 N-AY2-Z-D B-AY1 W-AH1 T-W-IY1 W-UH1-D K-AO1-L N-AA2 N-EH2 K-AH0 N-AA1 M-IH0 K-IH2-N-S T-IH0 T-UW1 SH-AH0-N-Z F-AO1 R-IH0-G Z-AE1-M P-AH0-L K-IH1-N SH-IH2-P K-AH0 M-Y-UW1 N-AH0 T-IY0


and on what terms. the idea of a so-called self-regulating market subject only to supply and demand was-

AH0-N D-AA1 N-W-AH1-T T-ER1-M-Z DH-AH0 AY0 D-IY1 AH0 AH1 V-AH0 S-OW1 K-AA1-L-D S-EH2-L F-R-AH0 G-Y-UW1 T-IH0-NG M-AA1-R K-AH0-T S-AH1-B JH-IH0-K T-OW1 N-L-IY0 T-UW1 S-AH0 P-L-AY1 AH0-N-D D-IH0 M-AE1-N D-W-AA1-Z


virtually unthinkable. all that changed, however, with the invention of the utterly novel idea of a-

V-ER1 CH-UW0 AH0 L-IY0 AH0-N TH-IH1-NG K-AH0 B-AH0 L-AO1-L DH-AE1-T CH-EY1-N-JH-D HH-AW2 EH1 V-ER0 W-IH1-DH DH-AH0 IH0-N V-EH1-N SH-AH0 N-AH1-V DH-AH0 AH1 T-ER0 L-IY0 N-AA1 V-AH0 L-AY0 D-IY1 AH0 AH1 V-AH0


market economy. decisively rejecting all-

M-AA1-R K-AH0 T-IH0 K-AA1 N-AH0 M-IY0 D-IH0 S-AY1 S-IH0 V-L-IY0 R-IH0 JH-EH1-K T-IH0 NG-AO1-L


previous understandings, proponents of this idea envisioned a separate-

P-R-IY1 V-IY0 AH0 S-AH0-N D-ER0-S T-AE1-N D-IH0-NG-Z P-R-AH0 P-OW1 N-AH0-N-T S-AH1-V DH-IH1 S-AY0 D-IY1 AH0 EH0-N V-IH1 ZH-AH0-N D-AH0 S-EH1 P-ER0 IH0-T


regulating markets. in other words, the necessary conditions for commodity production would themselves-

R-EH1 G-Y-AH0 L-EY2 T-IH0-NG M-AA1-R K-AH0-T S-IH0 N-AH1 DH-ER0 W-ER1-D-Z DH-AH0 N-EH1 S-AH0 S-EH2 R-IY0 K-AH0-N D-IH1 SH-AH0-N-Z F-AO1-R K-AH0 M-AA1 D-AH0 T-IY0 P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0 N-W-UH1-D DH-EH0-M S-EH1-L-V-Z


become commodities. but that meant introducing the logic of market relations into virtually every aspect of-

B-IH0 K-AH1-M K-AH0 M-AA1 D-AH0 T-IY0-Z B-AH1-T DH-AE1 T-M-EH1-N T-IH2-N T-R-AH0 D-UW1 S-IH0-NG DH-AH0 L-AA1 JH-IH0 K-AH1 V-M-AA1-R K-AH0 T-R-IY0 L-EY1 SH-AH0-N Z-IH0-N T-UW1 V-ER1 CH-UW0 AH0 L-IY0 EH1 V-ER0 IY0 AE1-S P-EH2-K T-AH1-V


social life. what was originally envisioned as a-

S-OW1 SH-AH0-L L-AY1 F-W-AH1 T-W-AA1 Z-ER0 IH1 JH-AH0 N-AH0 L-IY0 EH0-N V-IH1 ZH-AH0-N D-AE1 Z-AH0


separate economy would in polanyi's view, inevitably colonize the surrounding society, remaking the ladder in the image of-

S-EH1 P-ER0 IH0 T-IH0 K-AA1 N-AH0 M-IY0 W-UH1 D-IH0-N P-AH0 L-AE1 N-IY0 IH0-Z V-Y-UW1 IH0 N-EH1 V-AH0 T-AH0 B-L-IY0 K-AA1 L-AH0 N-AY2-Z DH-AH0 S-ER0 AW1-N D-IH0-NG S-AH0 S-AY1 AH0 T-IY0 R-IY1 M-EY1 K-IH0-NG DH-AH0 L-AE1 D-ER0 IH0-N DH-AH0 IH1 M-AH0 JH-AH1-V


the former. a market economy, polanyi claimed could only exist in a-

DH-AH0 F-AO1-R M-ER0 AH0 M-AA1-R K-AH0 T-IH0 K-AA1 N-AH0 M-IY0 P-OW0 L-AA1 N-IY0 K-L-EY1-M-D K-UH1 D-OW1 N-L-IY0 IH0-G Z-IH1-S T-IH0 N-AH0


market society. for polanyi however, this idea of a market economy co-market society is inherently-

M-AA1-R K-AH0-T S-AH0 S-AY1 AH0 T-IY0 F-AO1-R P-OW0 L-AA1 N-IY0 HH-AW2 EH1 V-ER0 DH-IH1 S-AY0 D-IY1 AH0 AH1 V-AH0 M-AA1-R K-AH0 T-IH0 K-AA1 N-AH0 M-IY0 K-AA1 M-AA2-R K-AH0-T S-AH0 S-AY1 AH0 T-IY0 IH1 Z-IH0-N HH-IH1 R-AH0-N T-L-IY0


unrealizable. to posit that labor, land and money can be traded like ordinary commodities is to suppose that society can be commodities all the-

AH0 N-R-IY1 L-AH0 Z-AH0 B-AH0-L T-UW1 P-AA1 Z-AH0-T DH-AE1 T-L-EY1 B-ER0 L-AE1-N D-AH0-N D-M-AH1 N-IY0 K-AE1-N B-IY1 T-R-EY1 D-IH0 D-L-AY1 K-AO1-R D-AH0 N-EH2 R-IY0 K-AH0 M-AA1 D-AH0 T-IY0 Z-IH1-Z T-UW1 S-AH0 P-OW1-Z DH-AE1-T S-AH0 S-AY1 AH0 T-IY0 K-AE1-N B-IY1 K-AH0 M-AA1 D-AH0 T-IY0 Z-AO1-L DH-AH0


way down. but this assumption, polanyi claimed is entirely fictitious and attempts to implement it are bound-

W-EY1 D-AW1-N B-AH1-T DH-IH1 S-AH0 S-AH1-M-P SH-AH0-N P-OW0 L-AA1 N-IY0 K-L-EY1-M D-IH1 Z-IH0-N T-AY1 ER0 L-IY0 F-IH0-K T-IH1 SH-AH0 S-AH0-N D-AH0 T-EH1-M-P-T-S T-UW1 IH1-M P-L-AH0 M-EH0-N T-IH1 T-AA1-R B-AW1-N-D


to backfire. in reality, labor, land and money have a special-

T-UW1 B-AE1-K F-AY2 R-IH0 N-R-IY0 AE1 L-AH0 T-IY0 L-EY1 B-ER0 L-AE1-N D-AH0-N D-M-AH1 N-IY0 HH-AE1 V-AH0-S P-EH1 SH-AH0-L


foundational status constitutive of the very fabric of-

F-AW0-N D-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH0-L-S T-AE1 T-AH0-S K-AH0-N-S T-IH1 T-AH0 T-IH0 V-AH1-V DH-AH0 V-EH1 R-IY0 F-AE1 B-R-IH0 K-AH1-V


of society and the indispensable presuppositions of-

AH1-V S-AH0 S-AY1 AH0 T-IY0 AH0-N-D DH-AH0 IH2-N D-IH0-S P-EH1-N S-AH0 B-AH0-L P-R-EH2 Z-AH0 P-AH0 Z-IH1 SH-AH0-N Z-AH1-V


great writer. now, as we shall see, this passage can be interpreted in more than-

G-R-EY1 T-R-AY1 T-ER0 N-AW1 AE1 Z-W-IY1 SH-AE1-L S-IY1 DH-IH1-S P-AE1 S-AH0-JH K-AE1-N B-IY1 IH0-N T-ER1 P-R-AH0 T-AH0 D-IH0-N M-AO1-R DH-AE1-N


social reproduction. such efforts are bound to undermine both the constitutive elements of social life and-

S-OW1 SH-AH0-L R-IY2 P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0-N S-AH1 CH-EH1 F-ER0-T S-AA1-R B-AW1-N-D T-UW1 AH1-N D-ER0 M-AY2-N B-OW1-TH DH-AH0 K-AH0-N-S T-IH1 T-AH0 T-IH0 V-EH1 L-AH0 M-AH0-N-T S-AH1-V S-OW1 SH-AH0-L L-AY1 F-AH0-N-D


the presuppositions of commodity production and exchange. they are also bound to-

DH-AH0 P-R-EH2 Z-AH0 P-AH0 Z-IH1 SH-AH0-N Z-AH1-V K-AH0 M-AA1 D-AH0 T-IY0 P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0 N-AH0-N D-IH0-K-S CH-EY1-N-JH DH-EY1 AA1 R-AO1-L S-OW0 B-AW1-N-D T-UW1


polanyi's account. their actions set in motion a far reaching crisis in those-

P-AH0 L-AE1 N-IY0 IH0 Z-AH0 K-AW1-N-T DH-EH1 R-AE1-K SH-AH0-N-Z S-EH1 T-IH0-N M-OW1 SH-AH0 N-AH0 F-AA1-R R-IY1 CH-IH0-NG K-R-AY1 S-AH0 S-IH0-N DH-OW1-Z


three dimensions. first, the attempt to create a so-called self-regulating market in that-

TH-R-IY1 D-IH0 M-EH1-N SH-AH0-N-Z F-ER1-S-T DH-AH0 AH0 T-EH1-M-P-T T-UW1 K-R-IY0 EY1 T-AH0 S-OW1 K-AA1-L-D S-EH2-L F-R-AH0 G-Y-UW1 T-IH0-NG M-AA1-R K-AH0 T-IH0-N DH-AE1-T


peculiar commodity labor power did indeed demoralize, "the human individual who happened to be the bearer",-

P-AH0 K-Y-UW1 L-Y-ER0 K-AH0 M-AA1 D-AH0 T-IY0 L-EY1 B-ER0 P-AW1 ER0 D-IH1 D-IH0-N D-IY1-D D-IH0 M-AO1 R-AH0 L-AY2-Z DH-AH0 HH-Y-UW1 M-AH0 N-IH2-N D-AH0 V-IH1 JH-AH0 W-AH0-L HH-UW1 HH-AE1 P-AH0-N-D T-UW1 B-IY1 DH-AH0 B-EH1 R-ER0


"this peculiar commodity." fracturing communities, splintering families, and fraying-

DH-IH1-S P-AH0 K-Y-UW1 L-Y-ER0 K-AH0 M-AA1 D-AH0 T-IY0 F-R-AE1-K CH-ER0 IH0-NG K-AH0 M-Y-UW1 N-AH0 T-IY0-Z-S P-L-IH1-N T-ER0 IH0-NG F-AE1 M-AH0 L-IY0 Z-AH0-N-D F-R-EY1 IH0-NG


upended agriculture, and sapped the lifeblood of rural communities. even as industry pillaged the world and gouged the earth in-

AH0 P-EH1-N D-IH0 D-AE1 G-R-IH0 K-AH2-L CH-ER0 AH0-N-D S-AE1-P-T DH-AH0 L-AY1-F B-L-AH2 D-AH1 V-R-UH1 R-AH0-L K-AH0 M-Y-UW1 N-AH0 T-IY0 Z-IY1 V-IH0 N-AE1 Z-IH1-N D-AH0-S T-R-IY0 P-IH1 L-IH0-JH-D DH-AH0 W-ER1-L D-AH0-N-D G-AW1-JH-D DH-AH0 ER1 TH-IH0-N


pursuit of raw materials while polluting the air and-

P-ER0 S-UW1 T-AH1 V-R-AA1 M-AH0 T-IH1 R-IY0 AH0-L Z-W-AY1-L P-AH0 L-UW1 T-IH0-NG DH-AH0 EH1 R-AH0-N-D


the water. thus this new economic regime did indeed reduce nature to its elements and-

DH-AH0 W-AO1 T-ER0 DH-AH1-S DH-IH1 S-N-UW1 EH2 K-AH0 N-AA1 M-IH0 K-R-AH0 ZH-IY1-M D-IH1 D-IH0-N D-IY1 D-R-AH0 D-UW1 S-N-EY1 CH-ER0 T-UW1 IH1-T S-EH1 L-AH0 M-AH0-N-T S-AH0-N-D


for capital. now polanyi's ideas seems to me to be-

F-AO1-R K-AE1 P-AH0 T-AH0-L N-AW1 P-AH0 L-AE1 N-IY0 IH0 Z-AY0 D-IY1 AH0-Z S-IY1-M-Z T-UW1 M-IY1 T-UW1 B-IY1


remarkably prescient. whatever its merits-

R-IH0 M-AA1-R K-AH0 B-L-IY0 P-R-EH1 S-IY0 AH0-N T-W-AH2 T-EH1 V-ER0 IH1-T S-M-EH1 R-AH0-T-S


the period he chronicled. his identification of nature, labor and money as central nodes of crisis is highly pertinent to the-

DH-AH0 P-IH1 R-IY0 AH0-D HH-IY1 K-R-AA1 N-IH0 K-AH0-L-D HH-IH1 Z-AY0 D-EH2-N T-AH0 F-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH1 V-N-EY1 CH-ER0 L-EY1 B-ER0 AH0-N D-M-AH1 N-IY0 AE1-Z S-EH1-N T-R-AH0-L N-OW1-D Z-AH1-V K-R-AY1 S-AH0 S-IH1-Z HH-AY1 L-IY0 P-ER1 T-IH0 N-IH0-N-T T-UW1 DH-AH0


21st century. equally important, his conception relates those three flashpoints of crisis to a-

T-W-EH1-N T-IY0 F-ER1-S-T S-EH1-N CH-ER0 IY0 IY1 K-W-AH0 L-IY0 IH0-M P-AO1-R T-AH0-N-T HH-IH1-Z K-AH0-N S-EH1-P SH-AH0 N-R-IH0 L-EY1-T-S DH-OW1-Z TH-R-IY1 F-L-AE1-SH P-OY2-N-T S-AH1-V K-R-AY1 S-AH0-S T-UW1 AH0


political economists. capable of connecting those bodies-

P-AH0 L-IH1 T-AH0 K-AH0 L-IH0 K-AA1 N-AH0 M-IH0-S-T-S K-EY1 P-AH0 B-AH0 L-AH1-V K-AH0 N-EH1-K T-IH0-NG DH-OW1-Z B-AA1 D-IY0-Z


... the thought, it promises to overcome the separatisms that currently divide and weaken critical theorizing.

DH-AH0 TH-AO1 T-IH1-T P-R-AA1 M-AH0 S-AH0-Z T-UW1 OW1 V-ER0 K-AH2-M DH-AH0 S-EH1 P-ER0 AH0 T-IH2 Z-AH0-M-Z DH-AE1-T K-ER1 AH0-N T-L-IY0 D-IH0 V-AY1 D-AH0-N D-W-IY1 K-AH0-N K-R-IH1 T-IH0 K-AH0-L TH-IY1 ER0 AY2 Z-IH0-NG


in effect, this concept locates all three strands of critique as interconnected moments of a broader critique-

IH0 N-IH0 F-EH1-K-T DH-IH1-S K-AA1-N S-EH0-P T-L-OW1 K-EY2-T S-AO1-L TH-R-IY1-S T-R-AE1-N-D Z-AH1-V K-R-AH0 T-IY1 K-AE1 Z-IH2-N T-ER0 K-AH0 N-EH1-K T-IH0 D-M-OW1 M-AH0-N-T S-AH1 V-AH0 B-R-AO1 D-ER0 K-R-AH0 T-IY1-K


... interpreted, however. polanyi's account of fictitious commodification rests on some-

IH0-N T-ER1 P-R-AH0 T-AH0-D HH-AW2 EH1 V-ER0 P-AH0 L-AE1 N-IY0 IH0 Z-AH0 K-AW1-N T-AH1-V F-IH0-K T-IH1 SH-AH0-S K-AA2 M-AH0 D-AH0 F-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-R-EH1-S-T S-AA1-N S-AH1-M


... dubious underpinnings. these stem from the claim made repeatedly in-

D-UW1 B-IY0 AH0 S-AH1-N D-ER0 P-IH2 N-IH0-NG-Z DH-IY1-Z-S T-EH1-M F-R-AH1-M DH-AH0 K-L-EY1-M M-EY1 D-R-IH0 P-IY1 T-IH0 D-L-IY0 IH0-N


... in the book, that a commodity is a good or service produced-

IH0-N DH-AH0 B-UH1-K DH-AE1 T-AH0 K-AH0 M-AA1 D-AH0 T-IY0 IH1 Z-AH0 G-UH1 D-AO1-R S-ER1 V-AH0-S P-R-AH0 D-UW1-S-T


... human creation. it has the status of a social convention akin-

HH-Y-UW1 M-AH0-N K-R-IY0 EY1 SH-AH0 N-IH1-T HH-AE1-Z DH-AH0-S T-AE1 T-AH0 S-AH1 V-AH0 S-OW1 SH-AH0-L K-AH0-N V-EH1-N SH-AH0 N-AH0 K-IH1-N


... to language, not that of an object produced for sale. when traded therefore, none of the three behaves like a true commodity. in-

T-UW1 L-AE1-NG G-W-AH0 JH-N-AA1-T DH-AE1 T-AH1 V-AE1 N-AH0-B JH-EH1-K-T P-R-AH0 D-UW1-S-T F-AO1-R S-EY1 L-W-EH1-N T-R-EY1 D-IH0-D DH-EH1-R F-AO2-R N-AH1 N-AH1-V DH-AH0 TH-R-IY1 B-IH0 HH-EY1-V Z-L-AY1 K-AH0 T-R-UW1 K-AH0 M-AA1 D-AH0 T-IY0 IH0-N


... each case, an original condition of not having been produced for sale, destabilizes the process-

IY1-CH K-EY1 S-AE1 N-ER0 IH1 JH-AH0 N-AH0-L K-AH0-N D-IH1 SH-AH0 N-AH1 V-N-AA1-T HH-AE1 V-IH0-NG B-IH1-N P-R-AH0 D-UW1-S-T F-AO1-R S-EY1-L D-IH0-S T-EY1 B-AH0 L-AY2 Z-AH0-Z DH-AH0 P-R-AA1 S-EH2-S


... of marketization. absent the proper origins, the would be commodities can only-

AH1 V-M-AA2-R K-AH0 T-AH0 Z-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AE1-B S-AH0-N-T DH-AH0 P-R-AA1 P-ER0 AO1 R-AH0 JH-IH0-N-Z DH-AH0 W-UH1-D B-IY1 K-AH0 M-AA1 D-AH0 T-IY0-Z K-AE1 N-OW1 N-L-IY0


... be fictitious. now, i want to call this the ontological interpretation of-

B-IY1 F-IH0-K T-IH1 SH-AH0 S-N-AW1 AY1 W-AA1-N-T T-UW1 K-AO1-L DH-IH1-S DH-AH0 AA2-N T-AH0 L-AA1 JH-IH0 K-AH0 L-IH0-N T-ER2 P-R-IH0 T-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH1-V


... it's problematic, i think, because essentialist, ahistorical, and insensitive to domination. appealing to an-

IH1-T-S P-R-AA2 B-L-AH0 M-AE1 T-IH0 K-AY1 TH-IH1-NG-K B-IH0 K-AO1 Z-EH2 S-EH1-N SH-AH0 L-AH0-S T-AH0 HH-IH2-S T-AH0 R-EY1 SH-AH0 L-AH0-N D-IH0-N S-EH1-N S-AH0 T-IH0-V T-UW1 D-AA2 M-AH0 N-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH0 P-IY1 L-IH0-NG T-UW1 AE1-N


... in original condition, the condition of not having been produced-

IH0 N-ER0 IH1 JH-AH0 N-AH0-L K-AH0-N D-IH1 SH-AH0-N DH-AH0 K-AH0-N D-IH1 SH-AH0 N-AH1 V-N-AA1-T HH-AE1 V-IH0-NG B-IH1-N P-R-AH0 D-UW1-S-T


... for sale. the ontological interpretation posits that to commodify labor, land, and money is to violate their-

F-AO1-R S-EY1-L DH-AH0 AA2-N T-AH0 L-AA1 JH-IH0 K-AH0 L-IH0-N T-ER2 P-R-IH0 T-EY1 SH-AH0-N P-AA1 Z-AH0-T-S DH-AE1-T T-UW1 K-AH0 M-AA1 D-AH0 F-AY2 L-EY1 B-ER0 L-AE1-N D-AH0-N D-M-AH1 N-IY0 IH1-Z T-UW1 V-AY1 AH0 L-EY0-T DH-EH1-R


... inherent nature. as a result, this approach obscures-

IH0-N HH-IH1 R-AH0-N T-N-EY1 CH-ER0 AE1 Z-AH0 R-IH0 Z-AH1-L-T DH-IH1 S-AH0 P-R-OW1 CH-AH0-B-S K-Y-UH1-R-Z


... of power. this interpretation fails to-

AH1-V P-AW1 ER0 DH-IH1 S-IH0-N T-ER2 P-R-IH0 T-EY1 SH-AH0-N F-EY1-L-Z T-UW1


... and money. typically encoded relations of domination. i've already mentioned feudalism, slavery-

AH0-N D-M-AH1 N-IY0 T-IH1 P-IH0 K-L-IY0 EH0-N K-OW1 D-IH0 D-R-IY0 L-EY1 SH-AH0-N Z-AH1-V D-AA2 M-AH0 N-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AY1 V-AO0-L R-EH1 D-IY0 M-EH1-N SH-AH0-N-D F-Y-UW1 D-AH0 L-IH2 Z-AH0-M S-L-EY1 V-ER0 IY0


... and patriarchy. all of which, as i noted-

AH0-N-D P-EY1 T-R-IY0 AA2-R K-IY0 AO1 L-AH1 V-W-IH1 CH-AE1 Z-AY1 N-OW1 T-AH0-D


... before, cast those three constitutive elements of social life as-

B-IH0 F-AO1-R K-AE1-S-T DH-OW1-Z TH-R-IY1 K-AH0-N-S T-IH1 T-AH0 T-IH0 V-EH1 L-AH0 M-AH0-N-T S-AH1-V S-OW1 SH-AH0-L L-AY1 F-AE1-Z


... non-commodities. then two, the ontological-

N-AA0-N K-AH0 M-AA1 D-AH0 T-IY0-Z DH-EH1-N T-UW1 DH-AH0 AA2-N T-AH0 L-AA1 JH-IH0 K-AH0-L


... worth preserving. associating change exclusively with decay-

W-ER1-TH P-R-AH0 Z-ER1 V-IH0 NG-AH0 S-OW1 S-IY0 EY2 T-IH0-NG CH-EY1-N JH-IH0-K-S K-L-UW1 S-IH0 V-L-IY0 W-IH1-DH D-AH0 K-EY1


... solidarities. conversely, the ontological reading-

S-AA2 L-AH0 D-EH1 R-AH0 T-IY0-Z K-AA1-N V-ER0 S-L-IY0 DH-AH0 AA2-N T-AH0 L-AA1 JH-IH0 K-AH0-L R-EH1 D-IH0-NG


... occults the fact that struggles to protect nature and society from-

AH0 K-AH1-L-T-S DH-AH0 F-AE1-K-T DH-AE1-T-S T-R-AH1 G-AH0-L-Z T-UW1 P-R-AH0 T-EH1-K T-N-EY1 CH-ER0 AH0-N-D S-AH0 S-AY1 AH0 T-IY0 F-R-AH1-M


... the market are often aimed at entrenching privilege and at excluding outsiders. just think of all the anti-immigrant forms of-

DH-AH0 M-AA1-R K-AH0 T-AA1 R-AO1 F-AH0 N-EY1-M D-AE1 T-EH0-N T-R-EH1-N CH-IH0-NG P-R-IH1 V-L-AH0 JH-AH0-N D-AE1 T-IH0-K-S K-L-UW1 D-IH0 NG-AW0-T S-AY1 D-ER0-Z JH-AH1-S-T TH-IH1-NG K-AH1 V-AO1-L DH-AH0 AE0-N T-AY2 AH0-M JH-IH1 R-AH0-N-T F-AO1-R-M Z-AH1-V


... social protectionism we see today. ignoring hierarchy-

S-OW1 SH-AH0-L P-R-AH0 T-EH1-K SH-AH0 N-IH2 Z-AH0 M-W-IY1 S-IY1 T-AH0 D-EY1 IH0 G-N-AO1 R-IH0-NG HH-AY1 ER0 AA2-R K-IY0


... from marketization. precluding consideration of trade-offs, this approach discourages efforts to reckon the pluses and minuses of-

F-R-AH1-M M-AA2-R K-AH0 T-AH0 Z-EY1 SH-AH0-N P-R-IH0 K-L-UW1 D-IH0-NG K-AH0-N S-IH2 D-ER0 EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH1-V T-R-EY1 D-AO2-F-S DH-IH1 S-AH0 P-R-OW1-CH D-IH0-S K-ER1 IH0 JH-IH0 Z-EH1 F-ER0-T-S T-UW1 R-EH1 K-AH0-N DH-AH0 P-L-AH1 S-IH0 Z-AH0-N D-M-AY1 N-AH0 S-IH0 Z-AH1-V


... such complex historical developments as the introduction of markets into authoritarian command economies or the opening of labor markets to women and-

S-AH1-CH K-AA1-M P-L-EH0-K-S HH-IH0-S T-AO1 R-IH0 K-AH0-L D-IH0 V-EH1 L-AH0 P-M-AH0-N-T S-AE1-Z DH-AH0 IH2-N T-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0 N-AH1 V-M-AA1-R K-AH0-T S-IH0-N T-UW1 AH0 TH-AO2 R-AH0 T-EH1 R-IY0 AH0-N K-AH0 M-AE1-N D-IH0 K-AA1 N-AH0 M-IY0 Z-AO1-R DH-AH0 OW1 P-AH0 N-IH0 NG-AH1 V-L-EY1 B-ER0 M-AA1-R K-AH0-T-S T-UW1 W-IH1 M-AH0 N-AH0-N-D


... former slaves. all told, the ontological-

F-AO1-R M-ER0 S-L-EY1-V Z-AO1-L T-OW1-L-D DH-AH0 AA2-N T-AH0 L-AA1 JH-IH0 K-AH0-L


... reading and flex the critique of crisis with a defensive-

R-EH1 D-IH0 NG-AH0-N-D F-L-EH1-K-S DH-AH0 K-R-AH0 T-IY1 K-AH1-V K-R-AY1 S-AH0 S-W-IH1 DH-AH0 D-IH0 F-EH1-N S-IH0-V


... conservative thrust that is at best insensitive to and at worst-

K-AH0-N S-ER1 V-AH0 T-IH0-V TH-R-AH1-S-T DH-AE1 T-IH1 Z-AE1-T B-EH1-S T-IH0-N S-EH1-N S-AH0 T-IH0-V T-UW1 AH0-N D-AE1 T-W-ER1-S-T


... useful model i want to suggest is hegel's argument in the philosophy of right as to why society cannot be contract all the-

Y-UW1-S F-AH0-L M-AA1 D-AH0 L-AY1 W-AA1-N-T T-UW1 S-AH0-G JH-EH1-S T-IH1-Z HH-EH1 G-AH0-L Z-AA1-R G-Y-AH0 M-AH0-N T-IH0-N DH-AH0 F-AH0 L-AA1 S-AH0 F-IY0 AH1 V-R-AY1 T-AE1-Z T-UW1 W-AY1 S-AH0 S-AY1 AH0 T-IY0 K-AE1 N-AA0-T B-IY1 K-AA1-N T-R-AE2-K T-AO1-L DH-AH0


... hegel's argument. we might define fictitious commodification as the attempt to commodify the market's conditions-

HH-EH1 G-AH0-L Z-AA1-R G-Y-AH0 M-AH0-N T-W-IY1 M-AY1-T D-IH0 F-AY1-N F-IH0-K T-IH1 SH-AH0-S K-AA2 M-AH0 D-AH0 F-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AE1-Z DH-AH0 AH0 T-EH1-M-P-T T-UW1 K-AH0 M-AA1 D-AH0 F-AY2 DH-AH0 M-AA1-R K-AH0-T-S K-AH0-N D-IH1 SH-AH0-N-Z


... way down. i want to call this the structural interpretation of-

W-EY1 D-AW1 N-AY1 W-AA1-N-T T-UW1 K-AO1-L DH-IH1-S DH-AH0-S T-R-AH1-K CH-ER0 AH0 L-IH0-N T-ER2 P-R-IH0 T-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH1-V


... resist commodification. it directs attention rather to the tendency of unregulated markets to destroy their own conditions-

R-IH0 Z-IH1-S-T K-AA2 M-AH0 D-AH0 F-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-IH1-T D-ER0 EH1-K-T S-AH0 T-EH1-N SH-AH0 N-R-AE1 DH-ER0 T-UW1 DH-AH0 T-EH1-N D-AH0-N S-IY0 AH1 V-AH0 N-R-EH1 G-Y-AH0 L-EY2 T-IH0 D-M-AA1-R K-AH0-T-S T-UW1 D-IH0-S T-R-OY1 DH-EH1 R-OW1-N K-AH0-N D-IH1 SH-AH0-N-Z


... the possibility. it constructs those conditions, moreover, as-

DH-AH0 P-AA2 S-AH0 B-IH1 L-AH0 T-IY0 IH1-T K-AH0-N-S T-R-AH1-K-T-S DH-OW1-Z K-AH0-N D-IH1 SH-AH0-N Z-M-AO0 R-OW1 V-ER0 AE1-Z


... socially constructed. and, i'm sorry, it construes this conditions as socially constructed and-

S-OW1 SH-AH0 L-IY0 K-AH0-N-S T-R-AH1-K T-AH0 D-AH0-N D-IH1-M S-AA1 R-IY0 IH1-T K-AH0-N-S T-R-UW1-Z DH-IH1-S K-AH0-N D-IH1 SH-AH0-N Z-AE1-Z S-OW1 SH-AH0 L-IY0 K-AH0-N-S T-R-AH1-K T-AH0 D-AH0-N-D


... worth defending. and that marketization can actually foster emancipation by weakening traditional supports-

W-ER1-TH D-IH0 F-EH1-N D-IH0 NG-AH0-N-D DH-AE1 T-M-AA2-R K-AH0 T-AH0 Z-EY1 SH-AH0-N K-AE1 N-AE1-K CH-AH0 W-AH0 L-IY0 F-AA1-S T-ER0 IH0 M-AE2-N S-AH0 P-EY1 SH-AH0-N B-AY1 W-IY1 K-AH0 N-IH0-NG T-R-AH0 D-IH1 SH-AH0 N-AH0-L S-AH0 P-AO1-R-T-S


... for domination. freed from the communitarian bias of the-

F-AO1-R D-AA2 M-AH0 N-EY1 SH-AH0-N F-R-IY1-D F-R-AH1-M DH-AH0 K-AH0 M-Y-UW2 N-AH0 T-EH1 R-IY0 AH0-N B-AY1 AH0 S-AH1-V DH-AH0


... capitalist crisis. sensitive not only to desolidarization, but also-

K-AE1 P-AH0 T-AH0 L-AH0-S-T K-R-AY1 S-AH0-S S-EH1-N S-AH0 T-IH0 V-N-AA1 T-OW1 N-L-IY0 T-UW1 D-EH2 S-AH0 L-IH0 D-AO1 R-IY0 AH0 Z-EY1 SH-AH0-N B-AH1 T-AO1-L S-OW0


...to domination. it enhances the critical force of the concept of fictitious commodification. now just let me-

T-UW1 D-AA2 M-AH0 N-EY1 SH-AH0 N-IH1 T-EH0-N HH-AE1-N S-IH0-Z DH-AH0 K-R-IH1 T-IH0 K-AH0-L F-AO1-R S-AH1-V DH-AH0 K-AA1-N S-EH0-P T-AH1-V F-IH0-K T-IH1 SH-AH0-S K-AA2 M-AH0 D-AH0 F-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0-N N-AW1 JH-AH1-S T-L-EH1 T-M-IY1


elaborate briefly. this structural reading of fictitious.

IH0 L-AE1 B-R-AH0-T B-R-IY1 F-L-IY0 DH-IH1-S-S T-R-AH1-K CH-ER0 AH0-L R-EH1 D-IH0 NG-AH1-V F-IH0-K T-IH1 SH-AH0-S


inherently, self-contradictory character of free.

IH0-N HH-IH1 R-AH0-N T-L-IY0 S-EH2-L F-AH0-N-D K-R-EY1 T-ER0 K-EY2 T-IY0 K-EH1 R-IH0-K T-ER0 AH1-V F-R-IY1


market capitalism. it is analogous in this respect to mark's idea of the tendency of the rate of profit,

M-AA1-R K-AH0-T K-AE1 P-IH0 T-AH0 L-IH2 Z-AH0 M-IH1 T-IH1 Z-AH0 N-AE1 L-AH0 G-AH0 S-IH0-N DH-IH1 S-R-IH0-S P-EH1-K-T T-UW1 M-AA1-R-K S-AY0 D-IY1 AH0 AH1-V DH-AH0 T-EH1-N D-AH0-N S-IY0 AH1-V DH-AH0 R-EY1 T-AH1-V P-R-AA1 F-AH0-T


which underpins a dimension of crisis. and.

W-IH1 CH-AH1-N D-ER0 P-IH2-N Z-AH0 D-IH0 M-EH1-N SH-AH0 N-AH1-V K-R-AY1 S-AH0 S-AH0-N-D


unlike mark's moreover, pulani's contradictions are not intra economic far from being located within the.

AH0 N-L-AY1 K-M-AA1-R-K S-M-AO0 R-OW1 V-ER0 P-UW1 L-AH0 N-IH0-S K-AA2-N T-R-AH0 D-IH1-K SH-AH0-N Z-AA1-R N-AA1 T-IH1-N T-R-AH0 EH2 K-AH0 N-AA1 M-IH0-K F-AA1-R F-R-AH1-M B-IY1 IH0 NG-L-OW1 K-EY2 T-AH0 D-W-IH0 DH-IH1-N DH-AH0


economic system. they concern the relation between the ladder and its background conditions of possibility. for pulani, finally, each of the.

EH2 K-AH0 N-AA1 M-IH0-K S-IH1-S T-AH0-M DH-EY1 K-AH0-N S-ER1-N DH-AH0 R-IY0 L-EY1 SH-AH0-N B-IH0 T-W-IY1-N DH-AH0 L-AE1 D-ER0 AH0-N D-IH1-T-S B-AE1-K G-R-AW2-N-D K-AH0-N D-IH1 SH-AH0-N Z-AH1-V P-AA2 S-AH0 B-IH1 L-AH0 T-IY0 F-AO1-R P-UW0 L-AA1 N-IY0 F-AY1 N-AH0 L-IY0 IY1 CH-AH1-V DH-AH0


common logic. each pertains to a necessary condition of production and exchange, which capitalism.

K-AA1 M-AH0 N-L-AA1 JH-IH0 K-IY1-CH P-ER0 T-EY1-N-Z T-UW1 AH0 N-EH1 S-AH0 S-EH2 R-IY0 K-AH0-N D-IH1 SH-AH0 N-AH1-V P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0 N-AH0-N D-IH0-K-S CH-EY1-N JH-W-IH1-CH K-AE1 P-IH0 T-AH0 L-IH2 Z-AH0-M


simultaneously needs and tends to erode. in the case of the ecological condition.

S-AY2 M-AH0-L T-EY1 N-IY0 AH0 S-L-IY0 N-IY1-D Z-AH0-N-D T-EH1-N-D-Z T-UW1 IH0 R-OW1 D-IH0-N DH-AH0 K-EY1 S-AH1-V DH-AH0 IY0 K-AH0 L-AA1 JH-IH0 K-AH0-L K-AH0-N D-IH1 SH-AH0-N


of production, what is at stake are the natural processes that sustain life and provide the material inputs for.

AH1-V P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0 N-W-AH1 T-IH1 Z-AE1-T-S T-EY1 K-AA1-R DH-AH0 N-AE1 CH-ER0 AH0-L P-R-AO2 S-EH1 S-AH0-Z DH-AE1-T S-AH0-S T-EY1 N-L-AY1 F-AH0-N-D P-R-AH0 V-AY1-D DH-AH0 M-AH0 T-IH1 R-IY0 AH0 L-IH1-N P-UH2-T-S F-AO1-R


social provisioning. in the case of the social.

S-OW1 SH-AH0-L P-R-AH0 V-IH1 ZH-AH0 N-IH0 NG-IH0-N DH-AH0 K-EY1 S-AH1-V DH-AH0 S-OW1 SH-AH0-L


reproduction condition, what is at stake are the socio-cultural processes that supply the solid.

R-IY2 P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0-N K-AH0-N D-IH1 SH-AH0 N-W-AH1 T-IH1 Z-AE1-T-S T-EY1 K-AA1-R DH-AH0 S-OW2 S-IY0 K-OW0-S T-UH1 L-AH0 T-AO2-R P-R-AA1 S-EH0 S-AH0-Z DH-AE1-T S-AH0 P-L-AY1 DH-AH0 S-AA1 L-AH0-D


labor power. in the case of the monetary conditions-

L-EY1 B-ER0 P-AW1 ER0 IH0-N DH-AH0 K-EY1 S-AH1-V DH-AH0 M-AA1 N-AH0 T-EH2 R-IY0 K-AH0-N D-IH1 SH-AH0-N-Z


... in time, what does it stake? in each case-

IH0-N T-AY1 M-W-AH1-T D-AH1 Z-IH1-T-S T-EY1 K-IH0 N-IY1-CH K-EY1-S


... is sustainability. the sustainability of capitalism on the one hand and that of society and nature on-

IH1-Z S-AH0-S T-EY2 N-AH0 B-IH1 L-IH0 T-IY0 DH-AH0 S-AH0-S T-EY2 N-AH0 B-IH1 L-IH0 T-IY0 AH1-V K-AE1 P-IH0 T-AH0 L-IH2 Z-AH0 M-AA1-N DH-AH0 W-AH1-N HH-AE1-N D-AH0-N-D DH-AE1 T-AH1-V S-AH0 S-AY1 AH0 T-IY0 AH0-N D-N-EY1 CH-ER0 AA1-N


... principle then. each strand of crisis lends itself to a structural critique focused on this problem.

P-R-IH1-N S-AH0 P-AH0-L DH-EH1 N-IY1-CH-S T-R-AE1-N D-AH1-V K-R-AY1 S-AH0 S-L-EH1-N-D Z-IH0-T S-EH1-L-F T-UW1 AH0-S T-R-AH1-K CH-ER0 AH0-L K-R-AH0 T-IY1-K F-OW1 K-AH0-S T-AA1-N DH-IH1-S P-R-AA1 B-L-AH0-M


fictitious commodity today is irreparably eroding the natural basis that sustains life and supplies the material inputs for-

F-IH0-K T-IH1 SH-AH0-S K-AH0 M-AA1 D-AH0 T-IY0 T-AH0 D-EY1 IH1 Z-IH0 R-EH1 P-ER0 AH0 B-L-IY0 IH0 R-OW1 D-IH0-NG DH-AH0 N-AE1 CH-ER0 AH0-L B-EY1 S-AH0-S DH-AE1-T S-AH0-S T-EY1-N Z-L-AY1 F-AH0-N-D S-AH0 P-L-AY1-Z DH-AH0 M-AH0 T-IH1 R-IY0 AH0 L-IH1-N P-UH2-T-S F-AO1-R


... such depend. marxian and keynesian variants claim that financialization is destroying the monetary presuppositions for-

S-AH1-CH D-IH0 P-EH1-N D-M-AA1-R-K S-IY0 AH0 N-AH0-N-D K-EY1-N Z-IY0 AH0-N V-EH1 R-IY0 AH0-N-T-S K-L-EY1-M DH-AE1-T F-IH2 N-AH0-N SH-AH0 L-AH0 Z-IH1 SH-AH0 N-IH1-Z D-IH0-S T-R-OY1 IH0-NG DH-AH0 M-AA1 N-AH0 T-EH2 R-IY0 P-R-EH2 Z-AH0 P-AH0 Z-IH1 SH-AH0-N-Z F-AO1-R


... capital accumulation, as well as the possibility of politically organized social protection and public provision of-

K-AE1 P-AH0 T-AH0 L-AH0 K-Y-UW2 M-Y-AH0 L-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AE1 Z-W-EH1 L-AE1-Z DH-AH0 P-AA2 S-AH0 B-IH1 L-AH0 T-IY0 AH1-V P-AH0 L-IH1 T-IH0 K-AH0 L-IY0 AO1-R G-AH0 N-AY2-Z-D S-OW1 SH-AH0-L P-R-AH0 T-EH1-K SH-AH0 N-AH0-N-D P-AH1 B-L-IH0-K P-R-AH0 V-IH1 ZH-AH0 N-AH1-V


... one another. the three dimensions of crisis are inextricably interwoven in the deep grammar of-

W-AH1 N-AH0 N-AH1 DH-ER0 DH-AH0 TH-R-IY1 D-IH0 M-EH1-N SH-AH0-N Z-AH1-V K-R-AY1 S-AH0 S-AA1 R-IH0 N-EH1-K-S T-R-IH0 K-AH0 B-L-IY0 IH2-N T-ER0 W-OW1 V-AH0 N-IH0-N DH-AH0 D-IY1-P G-R-AE1 M-ER0 AH1-V


... capitalist society. let me now suggest how they might-

K-AE1 P-AH0 T-AH0 L-AH0-S-T S-AH0 S-AY1 AH0 T-IY0 L-EH1 T-M-IY1 N-AW1 S-AH0-G JH-EH1-S-T HH-AW1 DH-EY1 M-AY1-T


... be connected via polanyi's notion of

B-IY1 K-AH0 N-EH1-K T-AH0-D V-AY1 AH0 P-AH0 L-AE1 N-IY0 IH0 Z-N-OW1 SH-AH0 N-AH1-V


fictitious commodification. by reading this-

F-IH0-K T-IH1 SH-AH0-S K-AA2 M-AH0 D-AH0 F-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0-N B-AY1 R-EH1 D-IH0-NG DH-IH1-S


... notion structurally, i want to show how we might decouple his three dimensional critique-

N-OW1 SH-AH0-N-S T-R-AH1-K CH-ER0 AH0 L-IY0 AY1 W-AA1-N-T T-UW1 SH-OW1 HH-AW1 W-IY1 M-AY1-T D-IY0 K-AH1 P-AH0-L HH-IH1-Z TH-R-IY1 D-IH0 M-EH1-N SH-AH0 N-AH0-L K-R-AH0 T-IY1-K


... of capitalism's unsustainability from the communitarian ethos, to which he unwittingly joined it. and how-

AH1-V K-AE1 P-IH0 T-AH0 L-IH2 Z-AH0-M Z-AH2-N S-AH0-S T-AH0 B-IH1 SH-AH0-N T-IY0 F-R-AH1-M DH-AH0 K-AH0 M-Y-UW2 N-AH0 T-EH1 R-IY0 AH0 N-IY1 TH-AA0-S T-UW1 W-IH1-CH HH-IY1 AH0 N-W-IH1 T-IH0 NG-L-IY0 JH-OY1-N D-IH1 T-AH0-N-D HH-AW1


... critique of domination. i'm going to begin with-

K-R-AH0 T-IY1 K-AH1-V D-AA2 M-AH0 N-EY1 SH-AH0 N-IH1-M G-OW1 IH0-NG T-UW1 B-IH0 G-IH1 N-W-IH1-DH


... commodification of labor. here, polanyi was shortly pressioned laying the basis in 1944 for a feminist-

K-AA2 M-AH0 D-AH0 F-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH1 V-L-EY1 B-ER0 HH-IY1-R P-OW0 L-AA1 N-IY0 W-AA1-Z SH-AO1-R T-L-IY0 P-R-EH1 SH-AH0-N D-L-EY1 IH0-NG DH-AH0 B-EY1 S-AH0 S-IH0-N N-AY1-N T-IY1-N F-AO1-R T-IY0 F-AO1-R F-AO1 R-AH0 F-EH1 M-AH0 N-AH0-S-T


... that are indispensable, both just society in general, and to market exchange in particular.

DH-AE1 T-AA1 R-IH2-N D-IH0-S P-EH1-N S-AH0 B-AH0-L B-OW1-TH JH-AH1-S-T S-AH0 S-AY1 AH0 T-IY0 IH0-N JH-EH1 N-ER0 AH0 L-AH0-N-D T-UW1 M-AA1-R K-AH0 T-IH0-K-S CH-EY1-N JH-IH0-N P-ER0 T-IH1 K-Y-AH0 L-ER0


adopting this perspective, polanyi understood that proletarianization is as much about ruptured communities and frayed solidarities as about-

AH0 D-AA1-P T-IH0-NG DH-IH1-S P-ER0-S P-EH1-K T-IH0-V P-OW0 L-AA1 N-IY0 AH2-N D-ER0-S T-UH1-D DH-AE1-T P-R-OW2 L-AH0 T-EH2 R-AH0 Z-IY0 EY1 SH-AH0 N-IH1 Z-AE1 Z-M-AH1 CH-AH0 B-AW1 T-R-AH1-P CH-ER0-D K-AH0 M-Y-UW1 N-AH0 T-IY0 Z-AH0-N-D F-R-EY1-D S-AA2 L-AH0 D-EH1 R-AH0 T-IY0 Z-AE1 Z-AH0 B-AW1-T


... exploitation and a miseration. he understood therefore that unbridled commodification of labor threatens the universe of meaning the effective-

EH2-K-S P-L-OY2 T-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH0-N D-AH0 M-IH0 Z-ER0 EY1 SH-AH0-N HH-IY1 AH2-N D-ER0-S T-UH1-D DH-EH1-R F-AO2-R DH-AE1 T-AH0-N B-R-AY1 D-AH0-L-D K-AA2 M-AH0 D-AH0 F-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH1 V-L-EY1 B-ER0 TH-R-EH1 T-AH0-N-Z DH-AH0 Y-UW1 N-AH0 V-ER2 S-AH1 V-M-IY1 N-IH0-NG DH-AH0 IH0 F-EH1-K T-IH0-V


... the capital requires. he understood finally that under conditions of rampant proletarianization, social reproduction is bound to be a flash-

DH-AH0 K-AE1 P-AH0 T-AH0-L R-IY0 K-W-AY1 ER0-Z HH-IY1 AH2-N D-ER0-S T-UH1-D F-AY1 N-AH0 L-IY0 DH-AE1 T-AH1-N D-ER0 K-AH0-N D-IH1 SH-AH0-N Z-AH1 V-R-AE1-M P-AH0-N-T P-R-OW2 L-AH0 T-EH2 R-AH0 Z-IY0 EY1 SH-AH0-N S-OW1 SH-AH0-L R-IY2 P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0 N-IH1-Z B-AW1-N-D T-UW1 B-IY1 AH0 F-L-AE1-SH


... point of crisis and a site of struggle. as-

P-OY1-N T-AH1-V K-R-AY1 S-AH0 S-AH0-N D-AH0 S-AY1 T-AH1-V-S T-R-AH1 G-AH0 L-AE1-Z


... polanyi saw it, the result could only be an epical battle between two social forces, as i've already mentioned on-

P-OW0 L-AA1 N-IY0 S-AO1 IH1-T DH-AH0 R-IH0 Z-AH1-L-T K-UH1 D-OW1 N-L-IY0 B-IY1 AE1 N-EH1 P-AH0 K-AH0-L B-AE1 T-AH0-L B-IH0 T-W-IY1-N T-UW1 S-OW1 SH-AH0-L F-AO1-R S-IH0 Z-AE1 Z-AY1 V-AO0-L R-EH1 D-IY0 M-EH1-N SH-AH0-N D-AA1-N


... the free market liberalism bent on ripping labor out-

DH-AH0 F-R-IY1 M-AA1-R K-AH0 T-L-IH1 B-ER0 AH0 L-IH2 Z-AH0-M B-EH1-N T-AA1 N-R-IH1 P-IH0 NG-L-EY1 B-ER0 AW1-T


... of it's life worldly context and turning it into a factor of production in-

AH1 V-IH1-T S-L-AY1 F-W-ER1-L D-L-IY0 K-AA1-N T-EH0-K-S T-AH0-N-D T-ER1 N-IH0 NG-IH1 T-IH0-N T-UW1 AH0 F-AE1-K T-ER0 AH1-V P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0 N-IH0-N


... the simultaneous co-construction of care as-

DH-AH0 S-AY2 M-AH0-L T-EY1 N-IY0 AH0-S K-AH0 K-N-ER1-S T-AH0 K-AH0 N-AH1-V K-EH1 R-AE1-Z


... a non-commodity. the unwaged labor of social-

AH0 N-AA0-N K-AH0 M-AA1 D-AH0 T-IY0 DH-AH0 AH0 N-W-EY1-JH D-L-EY1 B-ER0 AH1-V S-OW1 SH-AH0-L


... reproduction, supplied wage labor is necessary-

R-IY2 P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0-N S-AH0 P-L-AY1 D-W-EY1 JH-L-EY1 B-ER0 IH1 Z-N-EH1 S-AH0 S-EH2 R-IY0


... conditions of possibility. the letter could not exist after all in the-

K-AH0-N D-IH1 SH-AH0-N Z-AH1-V P-AA2 S-AH0 B-IH1 L-AH0 T-IY0 DH-AH0 L-EH1 T-ER0 K-UH1 D-N-AA1 T-IH0-G Z-IH1-S T-AE1-F T-ER0 AO1 L-IH0-N DH-AH0


... of women's subordination. missing this deep seated structure-

AH1 V-W-IH1 M-AH0-N-Z S-AH0 B-AO2-R D-AH0 N-EY1 SH-AH0-N M-IH1 S-IH0-NG DH-IH1-S D-IY1-P S-IY1 T-AH0-D-S T-R-AH1-K CH-ER0


... in that case, what would be protected-

IH0-N DH-AE1-T K-EY1 S-W-AH1 T-W-UH1-D B-IY1 P-R-AH0 T-EH1-K T-AH0-D


... was less society as such than arrangements premise-

W-AA1 Z-L-EH1-S S-AH0 S-AY1 AH0 T-IY0 AE1-Z S-AH1-CH DH-AE1 N-ER0 EY1-N JH-M-AH0-N-T-S P-R-EH1 M-IH0-S


... actually three-sided. they included not just free marketeers and proponents of protection, but also partisans of what we-

AE1-K CH-AH0 W-AH0 L-IY0 TH-R-IY1-Z D-AY2-D DH-EY1 IH0-N K-L-UW1 D-AH0 D-N-AA1-T JH-AH1-S-T F-R-IY1 M-AA2-R K-AH0 T-IH1-R Z-AH0-N-D P-R-AH0 P-OW1 N-AH0-N-T S-AH1-V P-R-AH0 T-EH1-K SH-AH0-N B-AH1 T-AO1-L S-OW0 P-AA1-R T-AH0 Z-AH0-N Z-AH1 V-W-AH1 T-W-IY1


.. might call emancipation whose primary aim was neither to promote marketization, nor to protect-

M-AY1-T K-AO1 L-IH0 M-AE2-N S-AH0 P-EY1 SH-AH0-N HH-UW1-Z P-R-AY1 M-EH2 R-IY0 EY1 M-W-AA1 Z-N-IY1 DH-ER0 T-UW1 P-R-AH0 M-OW1 T-M-AA2-R K-AH0 T-AH0 Z-EY1 SH-AH0-N N-AO1-R T-UW1 P-R-AH0 T-EH1-K-T


... as well as from sexism and patriarchy. such actors have vigorously opposed the oppressive protections that prevented them from selling-

AE1 Z-W-EH1 L-AE1-Z F-R-AH1-M S-EH1-K S-IH0 Z-AH0 M-AH0-N-D P-EY1 T-R-IY0 AA2-R K-IY0 S-AH1 CH-AE1-K T-ER0-Z HH-AE1-V V-IH1 G-ER0 AH0 S-L-IY0 AH0 P-OW1-Z-D DH-AH0 AH0 P-R-EH1 S-IH0-V P-R-AH0 T-EH1-K SH-AH0-N-Z DH-AE1-T P-R-IH0 V-EH1-N T-IH0-D DH-EH1-M F-R-AH1-M S-EH1 L-IH0-NG


... above and beyond the two polls identified by palani. not just marketization and social protection, but also emancipation, hence not just-

AH0 B-AH1 V-AH0-N-D B-IH0 AA1-N-D DH-AH0 T-UW1 P-OW1-L Z-AY0 D-EH1-N T-AH0 F-AY2-D B-AY1 P-AA0 L-AA1 N-IY0 N-AA1-T JH-AH1-S T-M-AA2-R K-AH0 T-AH0 Z-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH0-N-D S-OW1 SH-AH0-L P-R-AH0 T-EH1-K SH-AH0-N B-AH1 T-AO1-L S-OW0 IH0 M-AE2-N S-AH0 P-EY1 SH-AH0-N HH-EH1-N S-N-AA1-T JH-AH1-S-T


... a double movement, but what i've proposed to call-

AH0 D-AH1 B-AH0-L M-UW1 V-M-AH0-N-T B-AH1 T-W-AH1 T-AY1-V P-R-AH0 P-OW1-Z-D T-UW1 K-AO1-L


... a triple movement. this revision of palani enables-

AH0 T-R-IH1 P-AH0-L M-UW1 V-M-AH0-N-T DH-IH1 S-R-IY0 V-IH1 ZH-AH0 N-AH1-V P-AA0 L-AA1 N-IY0 EH0 N-EY1 B-AH0-L-Z


... a better understanding, i think, of the labor dimension of-

AH0 B-EH1 T-ER0 AH2-N D-ER0-S T-AE1-N D-IH0 NG-AY1 TH-IH1-NG K-AH1-V DH-AH0 L-EY1 B-ER0 D-IH0 M-EH1-N SH-AH0 N-AH1-V


... the current crisis by introducing the problematic of male domination and women's emancipation, we can grasp crucial aspects of-

DH-AH0 K-ER1 AH0-N-T K-R-AY1 S-AH0-S B-AY1 IH2-N T-R-AH0 D-UW1 S-IH0-NG DH-AH0 P-R-AA2 B-L-AH0 M-AE1 T-IH0 K-AH1 V-M-EY1-L D-AA2 M-AH0 N-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH0-N D-W-IH1 M-AH0-N Z-IH0 M-AE2-N S-AH0 P-EY1 SH-AH0 N-W-IY1 K-AE1-N G-R-AE1-S-P K-R-UW1 SH-AH0 L-AE1-S P-EH2-K-T S-AH1-V


... the present constellation. they're occulted in more orthodox-

DH-AH0 P-R-EH1 Z-AH0-N-T K-AA2-N-S T-AH0 L-EY1 SH-AH0-N TH-EH1 R-AH0 K-AH1-L T-AH0 D-IH0-N M-AO1 R-AO1-R TH-AH0 D-AA2-K-S


... palanian accounts. it is true, of course, as these accounts suggest that wage labor is everywhere in crisis as a result-

P-AH0 L-EY1 N-IY0 AH0 N-AH0 K-AW1-N-T S-IH1 T-IH1-Z T-R-UW1 AH1-V K-AO1-R S-AE1-Z DH-IY1 Z-AH0 K-AW1-N-T-S S-AH0-G JH-EH1-S-T DH-AE1 T-W-EY1 JH-L-EY1 B-ER0 IH1 Z-EH1 V-R-IY0 W-EH2 R-IH0-N K-R-AY1 S-AH0 S-AE1 Z-AH0 R-IH0 Z-AH1-L-T


... of neoliberal globalization. just witness the astronomical rates of unemployment, including-

AH1 V-N-IY2 OW0 L-IH1 B-ER0 AH0-L G-L-OW2 B-AH0 L-IH0 Z-EY1 SH-AH0-N JH-AH1-S T-W-IH1 T-N-AH0-S DH-AH0 AE2-S T-R-AH0 N-AA1 M-IH0 K-AH0-L R-EY1-T S-AH1 V-AH2 N-IH0-M P-L-OY1 M-AH0-N T-IH0-N K-L-UW1 D-IH0-NG


... in bodily organs. now add to this the fact that it is increasingly women who are being recruited today into wage work. so-

IH0-N B-AA1 D-AH0 L-IY0 AO1-R G-AH0-N Z-N-AW1 AE1-D T-UW1 DH-IH1-S DH-AH0 F-AE1-K-T DH-AE1 T-IH1 T-IH1 Z-IH0-N K-R-IY1 S-IH0 NG-L-IY0 W-IH1 M-AH0-N HH-UW1 AA1-R B-IY1 IH0 NG-R-IH0 K-R-UW1 T-IH0-D T-AH0 D-EY1 IH0-N T-UW1 W-EY1 JH-W-ER1-K S-OW1


... neo-liberalism is proletarianizing those who still do and are-

N-IY2 AH0 L-IH1 B-R-AH0 L-AH0-S T-IH1-Z P-R-OW2 L-AH0 T-EH1 R-IY0 Z-IH0-NG DH-OW1-Z HH-UW1-S T-IH1-L D-UW1 AH0-N D-AA1-R


... expected to do the lion's share of the unwaged work.

IH0-K-S P-EH1-K T-AH0-D T-UW1 D-UW1 DH-AH0 L-AY1 AH0-N-Z SH-EH1 R-AH1-V DH-AH0 AH0 N-W-EY1-JH D-W-ER1-K


to do this the migrants must transfer their own familial-

T-UW1 D-UW1 DH-IH1-S DH-AH0 M-AY1 G-R-AH0-N-T S-M-AH1-S-T T-R-AE0-N-S F-ER1 DH-EH1 R-OW1-N F-AH0 M-IH1 L-Y-AH0-L


... they've been called. far from filling the care gap, the net effect is to displace it from richer to poorer families from the global north to the-

DH-EY1-V B-IH1-N K-AO1-L-D F-AA1-R F-R-AH1-M F-IH1 L-IH0-NG DH-AH0 K-EH1-R G-AE1-P DH-AH0 N-EH1 T-IH0 F-EH1-K T-IH1-Z T-UW1 D-IH0-S P-L-EY1 S-IH1-T F-R-AH1 M-R-IH1 CH-ER0 T-UW1 P-UH1 R-ER0 F-AE1 M-AH0 L-IY0-Z F-R-AH1-M DH-AH0 G-L-OW1 B-AH0-L N-AO1-R-TH T-UW1 DH-AH0


... themselves being commodified. the result can only be intensified crisis-

DH-EH0-M S-EH1-L-V-Z B-IY1 IH0-NG K-AH0 M-AA1 D-AH0 F-AY2-Z-D DH-AH0 R-IH0 Z-AH1-L-T K-AE1 N-OW1 N-L-IY0 B-IY1 IH0-N T-EH1-N S-AH0 F-AY2-D K-R-AY1 S-AH0-S


... as the tiger bites ever more deeply-

AE1-Z DH-AH0 T-AY1 G-ER0 B-AY1-T S-EH1 V-ER0 M-AO1-R D-IY1 P-L-IY0


... workers, public employees, and those who perform social service work in for-profit nursing homes, hospitals, and-

W-ER1 K-ER0-Z P-AH1 B-L-IH0 K-EH0-M P-L-OY1 IY0 Z-AH0-N-D DH-OW1-Z HH-UW1 P-ER0 F-AO1-R-M S-OW1 SH-AH0-L S-ER1 V-AH0 S-W-ER1 K-IH0-N F-AO1-R-P F-R-AH0 T-AH0 F-N-ER1 S-IH0-NG HH-OW1-M-Z HH-AA1-S P-IH2 T-AH0-L Z-AH0-N-D


... childcare centers. but again, these struggles do not take the form of-

CH-AY1-L-D K-EH2-R S-EH1-N T-ER0-Z B-AH1 T-AH0 G-EH1-N DH-IY1-Z-S T-R-AH1 G-AH0-L-Z D-UW1 N-AA1-T T-EY1-K DH-AH0 F-AO1-R M-AH1-V


... they are better graphs, rather as three sided struggles, encompassing not only neo-liberals and social protectionists, but also-

DH-EY1 AA1-R B-EH1 T-ER0 G-R-AE1-F S-R-AE1 DH-ER0 AE1-Z TH-R-IY1 S-AY1 D-AH0-D-S T-R-AH1 G-AH0-L Z-EH0-N K-AH1-M P-AH0 S-IH0-NG N-AA1 T-OW1 N-L-IY0 N-IY2 OW0 L-IH1 B-ER0 AH0-L Z-AH0-N-D S-OW1 SH-AH0-L P-R-AH0 T-EH1-K SH-AH0 N-IH0-S-T-S B-AH1 T-AO1-L S-OW0


... proponents of emancipation, but including those for whom exploitation-

P-R-AH0 P-OW1 N-AH0-N-T S-AH1 V-IH0 M-AE2-N S-AH0 P-EY1 SH-AH0-N B-AH1 T-IH0-N K-L-UW1 D-IH0-NG DH-OW1-Z F-AO1-R HH-UW1 M-EH2-K-S P-L-OY2 T-EY1 SH-AH0-N


... capitalism, [inaudible 00:02:42]. he understood that nature is an indispensable precondition, both-

K-AE1 P-IH0 T-AH0 L-IH2 Z-AH0 M-IH0 N-AO1 D-AH0 B-AH0-L Z-IH1 R-OW0 AW1 ER0-Z T-UW1 M-IH1 N-AH0-T S-AH0-N-D F-AO1-R T-IY0 T-UW1 S-EH1 K-AH0-N-D-Z HH-IY1 AH2-N D-ER0-S T-UH1-D DH-AE1 T-N-EY1 CH-ER0 IH1 Z-AE1 N-IH2-N D-IH0-S P-EH1-N S-AH0 B-AH0-L P-R-IY2 K-AH0-N D-IH1 SH-AH0-N B-OW1-TH


... a double movement; a two-sided battle between as we might call them environmentalists-

AH0 D-AH1 B-AH0-L M-UW1 V-M-AH0-N T-AH0 T-W-AY1 Z-AH0 D-IH0-D B-AE1 T-AH0-L B-IH0 T-W-IY1 N-AE1 Z-W-IY1 M-AY1-T K-AO1-L DH-EH1 M-EH0-N V-AY1 R-AH0-N M-EH2-N T-AH0 L-IH0-S-T-S


... and free market tiers. without question, this perspective is pertinent today in the 21st century, commodification of nature has proceeded-

AH0-N-D F-R-IY1 M-AA1-R K-AH0-T T-IY1-R Z-W-IH0 TH-AW1-T K-W-EH1-S CH-AH0-N DH-IH1-S P-ER0-S P-EH1-K T-IH0 V-IH1-Z P-ER1 T-IH0 N-IH0-N-T T-AH0 D-EY1 IH0-N DH-AH0 T-W-EH1-N T-IY0 F-ER1-S-T S-EH1-N CH-ER0 IY0 K-AA2 M-AH0 D-AH0 F-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH1 V-N-EY1 CH-ER0 HH-AE1-Z P-R-AH0 S-IY1 D-AH0-D


... far beyond anything palani could have imagined. just think about the-

F-AA1-R B-IH0 AA1-N D-EH1 N-IY0 TH-IH2-NG P-AA0 L-AA1 N-IY0 K-UH1-D HH-AE1 V-IH0 M-AE1 JH-AH0-N-D JH-AH1-S-T TH-IH1-NG K-AH0 B-AW1-T DH-AH0


... privatization of water, the bioengineering of sterile seeds-

P-R-AY1 V-AH0 T-AH0 Z-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH1 V-W-AO1 T-ER0 DH-AH0 B-AY2 OW0 EH2-N JH-AH0 N-IH1 R-IH0 NG-AH1-V-S T-EH1 R-AH0-L S-IY1-D-Z


... he wrote about. far from simply trading already-

HH-IY1 R-OW1 T-AH0 B-AW1-T F-AA1-R F-R-AH1-M S-IH1-M P-L-IY0 T-R-EY1 D-IH0 NG-AO0-L R-EH1 D-IY0


... of human labor. adopting terminology.

AH1-V HH-Y-UW1 M-AH0 N-L-EY1 B-ER0 AH0 D-AA1-P T-IH0-NG T-ER2 M-IH0 N-AA1 L-AH0 JH-IY0


... used by marks. one could say that such new forms of fictitious commodification affect not just-

Y-UW1-Z-D B-AY1 M-AA1-R-K S-W-AH1-N K-UH1-D S-EY1 DH-AE1-T S-AH1 CH-N-UW1 F-AO1-R-M Z-AH1-V F-IH0-K T-IH1 SH-AH0-S K-AA2 M-AH0 D-AH0 F-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AE1 F-EH0-K T-N-AA1-T JH-AH1-S-T


... the formal subsumption, but the real subsumption of nature into capitalism. here nature truly is produced for-

DH-AH0 F-AO1-R M-AH0-L S-AH0-B S-AH1-P SH-AH0-N B-AH1-T DH-AH0 R-IY1-L S-AH0-B S-AH1-P SH-AH0 N-AH1 V-N-EY1 CH-ER0 IH0-N T-UW1 K-AE1 P-IH0 T-AH0 L-IH2 Z-AH0-M HH-IY1-R N-EY1 CH-ER0 T-R-UW1 L-IY0 IH1-Z P-R-AH0 D-UW1-S-T F-AO1-R


... sale. in addition, the depletion of the earth's non-renewable resources is far more advanced today than in palani's-

S-EY1 L-IH0 N-AH0 D-IH1 SH-AH0-N DH-AH0 D-IH0 P-L-IY1 SH-AH0 N-AH1-V DH-AH0 ER1-TH S-N-AA0 N-R-IY0 N-UW1 AH0 B-AH0-L R-IY1 S-AO0-R S-IH0 Z-IH1-Z F-AA1-R M-AO1 R-AH0-D V-AE1-N-S-T T-AH0 D-EY1 DH-AE1 N-IH0-N P-AH0 L-AE1 N-IH0-S


... scale ecological collapse. finally, the neoliberal cure for the ills of markets in nature is, you guessed-

S-K-EY1 L-IY0 K-AH0 L-AA1 JH-IH0 K-AH0-L K-AH0 L-AE1-P-S F-AY1 N-AH0 L-IY0 DH-AH0 N-IY2 OW0 L-IH1 B-ER0 AH0-L K-Y-UH1-R F-AO1-R DH-AH0 IH1-L Z-AH1 V-M-AA1-R K-AH0-T S-IH0-N N-EY1 CH-ER0 IH1 Z-Y-UW1 G-EH1-S-T


... it, more markets. markets in strange new entities, such as carbon emissions, permits and offsets and-

IH1 T-M-AO1-R M-AA1-R K-AH0-T S-M-AA1-R K-AH0-T S-IH0-N-S T-R-EY1-N JH-N-UW1 EH1-N T-IH0 T-IY0-Z S-AH1 CH-AE1-Z K-AA1-R B-AH0 N-IH0 M-IH1 SH-AH0-N-Z P-ER1 M-IH2-T S-AH0-N D-AO1-F S-EH2-T S-AH0-N-D


... even stranger meta entities-

IY1 V-IH0-N-S T-R-EY1-N JH-ER0 M-IY1 T-AH0 EH1-N T-IH0 T-IY0-Z


... derived from them: the so-called environmental derivatives which-

D-ER0 AY1-V-D F-R-AH1-M DH-EH1-M DH-AH0 S-OW1 K-AA1-L D-IH0-N V-AY2 R-AH0-N M-EH1-N T-AH0-L D-ER0 IH1 V-AH0 T-IH0-V Z-W-IH1-CH


... are carbon emission tranches modeled after the mortgage backed cdos that nearly crashed the global financial-

AA1-R K-AA1-R B-AH0 N-IH0 M-IH1 SH-AH0-N T-R-AE1-N CH-EH0 Z-M-AA1 D-AH0-L D-AE1-F T-ER0 DH-AH0 M-AO1-R G-AH0-JH B-AE1-K-T S-IY1 D-OW0-S DH-AE1 T-N-IH1-R L-IY0 K-R-AE1-SH-T DH-AH0 G-L-OW1 B-AH0-L F-AH0 N-AE1-N SH-AH0-L


... border in 2008 products that are now being briskly traded-

B-AO1-R D-ER0 IH0-N T-UW1 TH-AW1 Z-AH0-N D-EY1-T P-R-AA1 D-AH0-K-T-S DH-AE1 T-AA1-R N-AW1 B-IY1 IH0-NG B-R-IH1-S K-L-IY0 T-R-EY1 D-IH0-D


... by goldman sachs. no wonder then that struggles over nature have exploded-

B-AY1 G-OW1-L D-M-AH0-N S-AE1-K S-N-OW1 W-AH1-N D-ER0 DH-EH1-N DH-AE1-T-S T-R-AH1 G-AH0-L Z-OW1 V-ER0 N-EY1 CH-ER0 HH-AE1 V-IH0-K-S P-L-OW1 D-AH0-D


... there were ever a time when nature is a flash point of crisis-

DH-EH1 R-W-ER0 EH1 V-ER0 AH0 T-AY1 M-W-EH1-N N-EY1 CH-ER0 IH1 Z-AH0 F-L-AE1-SH P-OY1-N T-AH1-V K-R-AY1 S-AH0-S


... then indigenous peoples, ecofeminists and ecosocialists and opponents-

DH-EH1 N-IH0-N D-IH1 JH-AH0 N-AH0-S P-IY1 P-AH0-L Z-IY2 K-OW0 P-EH1 M-AH0-N T-AY2-S-T S-AH0-N D-EH2 K-AH0 S-AA1 S-IH0 T-AH0-L Z-AH0-N D-AH0 P-OW1 N-AH0-N-T-S


of environmental racism here too. in other words,

AH1 V-IH0-N V-AY2 R-AH0-N M-EH1-N T-AH0-L R-EY1 S-IH2 Z-AH0-M HH-IY1-R T-UW1 IH0 N-AH1 DH-ER0 W-ER1-D-Z


a double but a triple movement. also, encompassing movements for emancipation

AH0 D-AH1 B-AH0-L B-AH1 T-AH0 T-R-IH1 P-AH0-L M-UW1 V-M-AH0-N T-AO1-L S-OW0 EH0-N K-AH1-M P-AH0 S-IH0-NG M-UW1 V-M-AH0-N-T-S F-AO1 R-IH0 M-AE2-N S-AH0 P-EY1 SH-AH0-N


of all nostalgia and linked to the critique.

AH1 V-AO1-L N-AO0-S T-AE1-L JH-AH0 AH0-N D-L-IH1-NG-K-T T-UW1 DH-AH0 K-R-AH0 T-IY1-K


even more briefly, lastly, the commodification of money. here to polanyi is remarkably prescient

IY1 V-IH0-N M-AO1-R B-R-IY1 F-L-IY0 L-AE1-S T-L-IY0 DH-AH0 K-AA2 M-AH0 D-AH0 F-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH1 V-M-AH1 N-IY0 HH-IY1-R T-UW1 P-OW0 L-AA1 N-IY0 IH1 Z-R-IH0 M-AA1-R K-AH0 B-L-IY0 P-R-EH1 S-IY0 AH0-N-T


of the materiality of social life as to take on a life

AH1-V DH-AH0 M-AH0 T-IH2 R-IY0 AE1 L-IH0 T-IY0 AH1-V S-OW1 SH-AH0-L L-AY1 F-AE1-Z T-UW1 T-EY1 K-AA1 N-AH0 L-AY1-F


taking down governments, devastating communities, flooding neighborhoods with underwater mortgages and destroying the lives and jobs and livelihoods

T-EY1 K-IH0-NG D-AW1-N G-AH1 V-ER0 M-AH0-N-T-S D-EH1 V-AH0-S T-EY2 T-IH0-NG K-AH0 M-Y-UW1 N-AH0 T-IY0-Z F-L-AH1 D-IH0-NG N-EY1 B-ER0 HH-UH2-D Z-W-IH1 DH-AH1-N D-ER0 W-AO2 T-ER0 M-AO1-R G-AH0 JH-AH0 Z-AH0-N-D D-IH0-S T-R-OY1 IH0-NG DH-AH0 L-IH1-V Z-AH0-N-D JH-AA1-B Z-AH0-N D-L-AY1 V-L-IY0 HH-UH2-D-Z


of billions of people. i don't know when this is true, but as i

AH1-V B-IH1 L-Y-AH0-N Z-AH1-V P-IY1 P-AH0 L-AY1 D-AA1-N T-N-OW1 W-EH1-N DH-IH1 S-IH1-Z T-R-UW1 B-AH1 T-AE1 Z-AY1


wrote this financialization was maybe still is threatening

R-OW1-T DH-IH1-S F-IH2 N-AH0-N SH-AH0 L-AH0 Z-IH1 SH-AH0 N-W-AA1 Z-M-EY1 B-IY0-S T-IH1 L-IH1-Z TH-R-EH1 T-AH0 N-IH0-NG


to seek protective cover. more perhaps even than in polanyi's time, finance is at the center

T-UW1 S-IY1-K P-R-AH0 T-EH1-K T-IH0-V K-AH1 V-ER0 M-AO1-R P-ER0 HH-AE1-P S-IY1 V-IH0-N DH-AE1 N-IH0-N P-AH0 L-AE1 N-IY0 IH0-Z T-AY1-M F-AH0 N-AE1-N S-IH1 Z-AE1-T DH-AH0 S-EH1-N T-ER0


of capitalist crisis. here to however, polanyi's perspective, harbors

AH1-V K-AE1 P-AH0 T-AH0 L-AH0-S-T K-R-AY1 S-AH0-S HH-IY1-R T-UW1 HH-AW2 EH1 V-ER0 P-AH0 L-AE1 N-IY0 IH0-Z P-ER0-S P-EH1-K T-IH0-V HH-AA1-R B-ER0-Z


the major blind spot. he identified the modern territorial state as the principle arena,

DH-AH0 M-EY1 JH-ER0 B-L-AY1-N-D-S P-AA1-T HH-IY1 AY0 D-EH1-N T-AH0 F-AY2-D DH-AH0 M-AA1 D-ER0-N T-EH2 R-IH0 T-AO1 R-IY0 AH0-L-S T-EY1 T-AE1-Z DH-AH0 P-R-IH1-N S-AH0 P-AH0 L-ER0 IY1 N-AH0


and far better than others. in that era of de-colonization imperialism took

AH0-N-D F-AA1-R B-EH1 T-ER0 DH-AE1 N-AH1 DH-ER0 Z-IH0-N DH-AE1 T-EH1 R-AH0 AH1-V D-EH2 K-AH0 L-AH0 N-AH0 Z-EY1 SH-AH0 N-IH0-M P-IH1 R-IY0 AH0 L-IH2 Z-AH0-M T-UH1-K


the former colonial subjects. the disparity has been only exacerbated in our

DH-AH0 F-AO1-R M-ER0 K-AH0 L-OW1 N-IY0 AH0-L S-AH0-B JH-EH1-K-T-S DH-AH0 D-IH0-S P-EH1 R-AH0 T-IY0 HH-AE1-Z B-IH1 N-OW1 N-L-IY0 IH0-G Z-AE1 S-ER0 B-EY2 T-AH0 D-IH0 N-AW1 ER0


housing and slash social spendings. that sounds familiar now in europe as well.

HH-AW1 Z-IH0 NG-AH0-N-D S-L-AE1-SH S-OW1 SH-AH0-L-S P-EH1-N D-IH0-NG-Z DH-AE1-T S-AW1-N-D-Z F-AH0 M-IH1 L-Y-ER0 N-AW1 IH0 N-Y-UH1 R-AH0 P-AE1 Z-W-EH1-L


from global market forces, the bond rating agencies, and so on which institute a race

F-R-AH1-M G-L-OW1 B-AH0-L M-AA1-R K-AH0-T F-AO1-R S-IH0-Z DH-AH0 B-AA1-N D-R-EY1 T-IH0 NG-EY1 JH-AH0-N S-IY0 Z-AH0-N-D S-OW1 AA1 N-W-IH1 CH-IH1-N-S T-AH0 T-UW2 T-AH0 R-EY1-S


to the bottom. the globalization of finance requires a new post westphalian way of imagining the arenas and

T-UW1 DH-AH0 B-AA1 T-AH0-M DH-AH0 G-L-OW2 B-AH0 L-IH0 Z-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH1-V F-AH0 N-AE1-N S-R-IY0 K-W-AY1 ER0 Z-AH0 N-UW1 P-OW1-S T-W-EH1-S-T F-EY2 L-AH0 N-W-EY1 AH1 V-IH0 M-AE1 JH-AH0 N-IH0-NG DH-AH0 ER0 IY1 N-AH0 Z-AH0-N-D


the agents of social protection. it requires arenas in which the circle of those

DH-AH0 EY1 JH-AH0-N-T S-AH1-V S-OW1 SH-AH0-L P-R-AH0 T-EH1-K SH-AH0 N-IH1 T-R-IY0 K-W-AY1 ER0 Z-ER0 IY1 N-AH0 Z-IH0 N-W-IH1-CH DH-AH0 S-ER1 K-AH0 L-AH1-V DH-OW1-Z


entitled to protection matches the circle to

EH0-N T-AY1 T-AH0-L-D T-UW1 P-R-AH0 T-EH1-K SH-AH0-N M-AE1 CH-AH0-Z DH-AH0 S-ER1 K-AH0-L T-UW1


pacify global finance. no wonder then that present day struggles over finance do not conform to the schema

P-AE1 S-AH0 F-AY2 G-L-OW1 B-AH0-L F-AH0 N-AE1-N S-N-OW1 W-AH1-N D-ER0 DH-EH1-N DH-AE1-T P-R-EH1 Z-AH0-N-T D-EY1-S T-R-AH1 G-AH0-L Z-OW1 V-ER0 F-AH0 N-AE1-N-S D-UW1 N-AA1-T K-AH0-N F-AO1-R-M T-UW1 DH-AH0-S K-IY1 M-AH0


of the double movement. alongside the neo-liberals and national

AH1-V DH-AH0 D-AH1 B-AH0-L M-UW1 V-M-AH0-N T-AH0 L-AO1-NG S-AY1-D DH-AH0 N-IY2 OW0 L-IH1 B-ER0 AH0-L Z-AH0-N D-N-AE1 SH-AH0 N-AH0-L


protectionists that polanyi foregrounded, we also find ultra globalization movements, movements for global or trans

P-R-AH0 T-EH1-K SH-AH0 N-IH0-S-T-S DH-AE1-T P-OW0 L-AA1 N-IY0 F-AO1-R G-R-AW2-N D-IH0 D-W-IY1 AO1-L S-OW0 F-AY1-N D-AH1-L T-R-AH0 G-L-OW2 B-AH0 L-IH0 Z-EY1 SH-AH0-N M-UW1 V-M-AH0-N-T S-M-UW1 V-M-AH0-N-T-S F-AO1-R G-L-OW1 B-AH0 L-AO1-R T-R-AE1-N-Z


entrenched forms of domination. such actors represent a new configuration, which aims to integrate

EH0-N T-R-EH1-N-CH-T F-AO1-R-M Z-AH1-V D-AA2 M-AH0 N-EY1 SH-AH0-N S-AH1 CH-AE1-K T-ER0 Z-R-EH2 P-R-AH0 Z-EH1-N T-AH0 N-UW1 K-AH0-N F-IH2 G-Y-ER0 EY1 SH-AH0 N-W-IH1 CH-EY1-M-Z T-UW1 IH1-N T-AH0 G-R-EY2-T


and flash points of crisis. but if we're to

AH0-N-D F-L-AE1-SH P-OY1-N-T S-AH1-V K-R-AY1 S-AH0-S B-AH1 T-IH1 F-W-ER0 T-UW1


exploit his insights today, we need to complicate his perspective, connecting a structural critique of fictitious commodification to

EH1-K-S P-L-OY2-T HH-IH1 Z-IH1-N S-AY2-T-S T-AH0 D-EY1 W-IY1 N-IY1-D T-UW1 K-AA1-M P-L-AH0 K-EY2-T HH-IH1-Z P-ER0-S P-EH1-K T-IH0-V K-AH0 N-EH1-K T-IH0 NG-AH0-S T-R-AH1-K CH-ER0 AH0-L K-R-AH0 T-IY1 K-AH1-V F-IH0-K T-IH1 SH-AH0-S K-AA2 M-AH0 D-AH0 F-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0-N T-UW1


critique of domination. let me close, however, by

K-R-AH0 T-IY1 K-AH1-V D-AA2 M-AH0 N-EY1 SH-AH0 N-L-EH1 T-M-IY1 K-L-OW1-Z HH-AW2 EH1 V-ER0 B-AY1


causing stress at the outset. the purpose of centering our understanding of prices on nature, social reproduction and finance is not to treat

K-AA1 Z-IH0-NG-S T-R-EH1 S-AE1-T DH-AH0 AW1-T S-EH2-T DH-AH0 P-ER1 P-AH0 S-AH1-V S-EH1-N T-ER0 IH0 NG-AW1 ER0 AH2-N D-ER0-S T-AE1-N D-IH0 NG-AH1-V P-R-AY1 S-AH0 Z-AA1-N N-EY1 CH-ER0 S-OW1 SH-AH0-L R-IY2 P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0 N-AH0-N-D F-AH0 N-AE1-N S-IH1 Z-N-AA1-T T-UW1 T-R-IY1-T


the concerns of ecologists, feminist theorists and political economists. far from being neatly separated from one another

DH-AH0 K-AH0-N S-ER1-N Z-AH1 V-IH0 K-AA1 L-AH0 JH-IH0-S-T-S F-EH1 M-AH0 N-AH0-S-T TH-IY1 ER0 IH0-S-T S-AH0-N-D P-AH0 L-IH1 T-AH0 K-AH0 L-IH0 K-AA1 N-AH0 M-IH0-S-T-S F-AA1-R F-R-AH1-M B-IY1 IH0-NG N-IY1 T-L-IY0 S-EH1 P-ER0 EY2 T-AH0-D F-R-AH1 M-W-AH1 N-AH0 N-AH1 DH-ER0


three strands of capitalist crisis are inextricably interwoven as are the three corresponding.

TH-R-IY1-S T-R-AE1-N-D Z-AH1-V K-AE1 P-AH0 T-AH0 L-AH0-S-T K-R-AY1 S-AH0 S-AA1 R-IH0 N-EH1-K-S T-R-IH0 K-AH0 B-L-IY0 IH2-N T-ER0 W-OW1 V-AH0 N-AE1 Z-AA1-R DH-AH0 TH-R-IY1 K-AO2 R-AH0-S P-AA1-N D-IH0-NG


now very briefly in closing. first, a critical theory for the 21st century must be integrative oriented to understanding

N-AW1 V-EH1 R-IY0 B-R-IY1 F-L-IY0 IH0-N K-L-OW1 Z-IH0-NG F-ER1-S T-AH0 K-R-IH1 T-IH0 K-AH0-L TH-IH1 R-IY0 F-AO1-R DH-AH0 T-W-EH1-N T-IY0 F-ER1-S-T S-EH1-N CH-ER0 IY0 M-AH1-S-T B-IY1 IH0-N T-EH1 G-R-AH0 T-IH0 V-AO1 R-IY0 EH2-N T-AH0-D T-UW1 AH2-N D-ER0-S T-AE1-N D-IH0-NG


the crisis of capitalism. second, 21st century, critical theory must go beyond polanyi by connecting the critique of

DH-AH0 K-R-AY1 S-AH0 S-AH1-V K-AE1 P-IH0 T-AH0 L-IH2 Z-AH0-M S-EH1 K-AH0-N-D T-W-EH1-N T-IY0 F-ER1-S-T S-EH1-N CH-ER0 IY0 K-R-IH1 T-IH0 K-AH0-L TH-IH1 R-IY0 M-AH1-S-T G-OW1 B-IH0 AA1-N-D P-OW0 L-AA1 N-IY0 B-AY1 K-AH0 N-EH1-K T-IH0-NG DH-AH0 K-R-AH0 T-IY1 K-AH1-V


those for marketization and social protection, indeed

DH-OW1-Z F-AO1-R M-AA2-R K-AH0 T-AH0 Z-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH0-N-D S-OW1 SH-AH0-L P-R-AH0 T-EH1-K SH-AH0 N-IH0-N D-IY1-D


cutting across and colliding with them. it must analyze the struggles of our time by the figure of a triple movement in which those

K-AH1 T-IH0 NG-AH0 K-R-AO1 S-AH0-N-D K-AH0 L-AY1 D-IH0 NG-W-IH1-DH DH-EH1 M-IH1 T-M-AH1-S T-AE1 N-AH0 L-AY2-Z DH-AH0-S T-R-AH1 G-AH0-L Z-AH1 V-AW1 ER0 T-AY1-M B-AY1 DH-AH0 F-IH1 G-Y-ER0 AH1 V-AH0 T-R-IH1 P-AH0-L M-UW1 V-M-AH0-N T-IH0 N-W-IH1-CH DH-OW1-Z


three political projects combine and collide. finally, to mention point that

TH-R-IY1 P-AH0 L-IH1 T-AH0 K-AH0-L P-R-AA1 JH-EH0-K-T-S K-AH0-M B-AY1 N-AH0-N-D K-AH0 L-AY1-D F-AY1 N-AH0 L-IY0 T-UW1 M-EH1-N SH-AH0-N P-OY1-N-T DH-AE1-T


i have only hinted at here, a critical theory of contemporary

AY1 HH-AE1 V-OW1 N-L-IY0 HH-IH1-N T-AH0 D-AE1-T HH-IY1 R-AH0 K-R-IH1 T-IH0 K-AH0-L TH-IH1 R-IY0 AH1-V K-AH0-N T-EH1-M P-ER0 EH2 R-IY0


crisis needs a complex normative perspective that integrates the leading values of each of those poles

K-R-AY1 S-AH0 S-N-IY1-D Z-AH0 K-AA1-M P-L-EH0-K S-N-AO1-R M-AH0 T-IH0-V P-ER0-S P-EH1-K T-IH0-V DH-AE1 T-IH1-N T-AH0 G-R-EY2-T-S DH-AH0 L-IY1 D-IH0-NG V-AE1 L-Y-UW0 Z-AH1 V-IY1 CH-AH1-V DH-OW1-Z P-OW1-L-Z


that has been, let's say, somewhat twisted,

DH-AE1-T HH-AE1-Z B-IH1 N-L-EH1-T-S S-EY1 S-AH1 M-W-AH1-T T-W-IH1-S T-AH0-D


by free market liberals, embracing.

B-AY1 F-R-IY1 M-AA1-R K-AH0 T-L-IH1 B-ER0 AH0-L Z-EH0-M B-R-EY1 S-IH0-NG


that would be my kind of comment and maybe a critical question to you.

DH-AE1 T-W-UH1-D B-IY1 M-AY1 K-AY1-N D-AH1-V K-AA1 M-EH0-N T-AH0-N D-M-EY1 B-IY0 AH0 K-R-IH1 T-IH0 K-AH0-L K-W-EH1-S CH-AH0-N T-UW1 Y-UW1


a very thoughtful observation.

AH0 V-EH1 R-IY0 TH-AO1-T F-AH0 L-AA2-B Z-ER0 V-EY1 SH-AH0-N


it is true that there are sorts of different temporalities

IH1 T-IH1-Z T-R-UW1 DH-AE1-T DH-EH1 R-AA1-R S-AO1-R-T S-AH1-V D-IH1 F-ER0 AH0-N-T T-EH2-M P-ER0 EY1 T-L-AH0-S


bad with financialization is a stunning, but that may seem, let's say not as deep-

B-AE1 D-W-IH1-DH F-IH2 N-AH0-N SH-AH0 L-AH0 Z-IH1 SH-AH0 N-IH1 Z-AH0-S T-AH1 N-IH0-NG B-AH1-T DH-AE1 T-M-EY1 S-IY1 M-L-EH1-T-S S-EY1 N-AA1 T-AE1-Z D-IY1-P


...in a way as the ecological dimension. and so people are speaking now about carbon capitalism-

IH0 N-AH0 W-EY1 AE1-Z DH-AH0 IY0 K-AH0 L-AA1 JH-IH0 K-AH0-L D-IH0 M-EH1-N SH-AH0 N-AH0-N-D S-OW1 P-IY1 P-AH0 L-AA1-R-S P-IY1 K-IH0-NG N-AW1 AH0 B-AW1-T K-AA1-R B-AH0-N K-AE1 P-IH0 T-AH0 L-IH2 Z-AH0-M


...right? that we've got a whole, several hundred years-

R-AY1-T DH-AE1 T-W-IY1-V G-AA1 T-AH0 HH-OW1-L S-EH1 V-R-AH0-L HH-AH1-N D-R-AH0 D-Y-IH1-R-Z


...years now of this fossil fuel development. we have the idea of a new-

Y-IH1-R Z-N-AW1 AH1-V DH-IH1-S F-AA1 S-AH0-L F-Y-UW1 AH0-L D-IH0 V-EH1 L-AH0 P-M-AH0-N T-W-IY1 HH-AE1-V DH-AH0 AY0 D-IY1 AH0 AH1 V-AH0 N-UW1


...geological age, the anthropocene, which coincides-

JH-IY2 AH0 L-AA1 JH-IH0 K-AH0 L-EY1-JH DH-AH0 AE2-N TH-R-AH0 P-IY1 AH0 S-W-IH1-CH K-OW2 IH0-N S-AY1-D-Z


...with the rise of capitalism, which it is. and i agree with you that in-

W-IH1-DH DH-AH0 R-AY1 Z-AH1-V K-AE1 P-IH0 T-AH0 L-IH2 Z-AH0 M-W-IH1 CH-IH1 T-IH1 Z-AH0-N D-AY1 AH0 G-R-IY1 W-IH1 DH-Y-UW1 DH-AE1 T-IH0-N


that is perhaps more conceivable, but i think i agree with you that the sort of-

DH-AE1 T-IH1-Z P-ER0 HH-AE1-P S-M-AO1-R K-AH0-N S-IY1 V-AH0 B-AH0-L B-AH1 T-AY1 TH-IH1-NG K-AY1 AH0 G-R-IY1 W-IH1 DH-Y-UW1 DH-AE1-T DH-AH0 S-AO1-R T-AH1-V


...transformation of the energy basis-

T-R-AE2-N-S F-ER0 M-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH1-V DH-AH0 EH1 N-ER0 JH-IY0 B-EY1 S-AH0-S


...of society that would be required today to-

AH1-V S-AH0 S-AY1 AH0 T-IY0 DH-AE1 T-W-UH1-D B-IY1 R-IY0 K-W-AY1 ER0-D T-AH0 D-EY1 T-UW1


the mental, dare we say, interference, let-

DH-AH0 M-EH1-N T-AH0-L D-EH1 R-W-IY1 S-EY1 IH2-N T-ER0 F-IH1 R-AH0-N S-L-EH1-T


...say with property rights. another way to think-

S-EY1 W-IH1-DH P-R-AA1 P-ER0 T-IY0 R-AY1-T S-AH0 N-AH1 DH-ER0 W-EY1 T-UW1 TH-IH1-NG-K


...about this is, i emphasize-

AH0 B-AW1-T DH-IH1 S-IH1 Z-AY1 EH1-M F-AH0 S-AY2-Z


...here the analogies among the three-

HH-IY1-R DH-AH0 AH0 N-AE1 L-AH0 JH-IY0 Z-AH0 M-AH1-NG DH-AH0 TH-R-IY1


...fictitious commodities as polanyi does, but one could, but that-

F-IH0-K T-IH1 SH-AH0-S K-AH0 M-AA1 D-AH0 T-IY0 Z-AE1-Z P-OW0 L-AA1 N-IY0 D-AH1-Z B-AH1 T-W-AH1-N K-UH1-D B-AH1-T DH-AE1-T


...that there's more to be said. there are also some important dis analogies. maybe, this is an odd way to talk, but one might say-

DH-AE1-T DH-EH1-R Z-M-AO1-R T-UW1 B-IY1 S-EH1-D DH-EH1 R-AA1 R-AO1-L S-OW0 S-AH1 M-IH0-M P-AO1-R T-AH0-N-T D-IH1 S-AH0 N-AE1 L-AH0 JH-IY0 Z-M-EY1 B-IY0 DH-IH1 S-IH1 Z-AE1 N-AA1 D-W-EY1 T-UW1 T-AO1-K B-AH1 T-W-AH1-N M-AY1-T S-EY1


...there's some way in which the ecological limits are-

DH-EH1-R-Z S-AH1 M-W-EY1 IH0 N-W-IH1-CH DH-AH0 IY0 K-AH0 L-AA1 JH-IH0 K-AH0-L L-IH1 M-AH0-T S-AA1-R


...let's say more external, the financialization limits are somehow internal-

L-EH1-T-S S-EY1 M-AO1 R-IH0-K-S T-ER1 N-AH0-L DH-AH0 F-IH2 N-AH0-N SH-AH0 L-AH0 Z-IH1 SH-AH0 N-L-IH1 M-AH0-T S-AA1-R S-AH1-M HH-AW2 IH0-N T-ER1 N-AH0-L


...dates, because so much of this is post or trans territorial, so much of what needs to be regulated.

D-EY1-T-S B-IH0 K-AO1-Z S-OW1 M-AH1 CH-AH1-V DH-IH1 S-IH1-Z P-OW1-S T-AO1-R T-R-AE1-N-Z T-EH2 R-IH0 T-AO1 R-IY0 AH0-L S-OW1 M-AH1 CH-AH1 V-W-AH1 T-N-IY1-D-Z T-UW1 B-IY1 R-EH1 G-Y-AH0 L-EY2 T-AH0-D


and this is a very hard thing to understand. as-

AH0-N-D DH-IH1 S-IH1 Z-AH0 V-EH1 R-IY0 HH-AA1-R-D TH-IH1-NG T-UW1 AH2-N D-ER0-S T-AE1-N D-AE1-Z


...i said to polanyi's credit, he really did-

AY1 S-EH1-D T-UW1 P-AH0 L-AE1 N-IY0 IH0-Z K-R-EH1 D-AH0-T HH-IY1 R-IH1 L-IY0 D-IH1-D


...all of that needs to-


...somehow be rethought. i think that's central here. we can't have an-

S-AH1-M HH-AW2 B-IY1 R-IY0 TH-AO1 T-AY1 TH-IH1-NG-K TH-AE1-T-S S-EH1-N T-R-AH0-L HH-IY1 R-W-IY1 K-AE1-N-T HH-AE1 V-AE1-N


yeah. thank you for that observation and that question, and i'm completely sympathetic to your worry here-

Y-AE1 TH-AE1-NG K-Y-UW1 F-AO1-R DH-AE1 T-AA2-B Z-ER0 V-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH0-N-D DH-AE1-T K-W-EH1-S CH-AH0 N-AH0-N D-IH1-M K-AH0-M P-L-IY1 T-L-IY0 S-IH2-M P-AH0 TH-EH1 T-IH0-K T-UW1 Y-AO1 R-W-ER1 IY0 HH-IY1-R


...the last thing i would want would be to set up that equation-

DH-AH0 L-AE1-S-T TH-IH1 NG-AY1 W-UH1 D-W-AA1-N T-W-UH1-D B-IY1 T-UW1 S-EH1 T-AH1-P DH-AE1 T-IH0 K-W-EY1 ZH-AH0-N


...social reproduction equals care equals women equals feminism.

S-OW1 SH-AH0-L R-IY2 P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0 N-IY1 K-W-AH0-L-Z K-EH1 R-IY1 K-W-AH0-L Z-W-IH1 M-AH0 N-IY1 K-W-AH0-L-Z F-EH1 M-IH0 N-IH2 Z-AH0-M


what i really meant to say is that social reproduct-

W-AH1 T-AY1 R-IH1 L-IY0 M-EH1-N-T T-UW1 S-EY1 IH1-Z DH-AE1-T S-OW1 SH-AH0-L R-IY2 P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K-T


...i really want to understand social reproduction in a very broad sense.

AY1 R-IH1 L-IY0 W-AA1-N-T T-UW1 AH2-N D-ER0-S T-AE1-N-D S-OW1 SH-AH0-L R-IY2 P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0 N-IH0 N-AH0 V-EH1 R-IY0 B-R-AO1-D S-EH1-N-S


important elements of it go on-

IH0-M P-AO1-R T-AH0-N T-EH1 L-AH0 M-AH0-N-T S-AH1 V-IH1-T G-OW1 AA1-N


...et cetera. i don't want to reduce it-

EH1-T S-EH1 T-ER0 AH0 AY1 D-AA1-N T-W-AA1-N-T T-UW1 R-AH0 D-UW1 S-IH1-T


...to care in the way that is usually understood as a private domestic occupation.

T-UW1 K-EH1 R-IH0-N DH-AH0 W-EY1 DH-AE1 T-IH1 Z-Y-UW1 ZH-AH0 W-AH0 L-IY0 AH2-N D-ER0-S T-UH1 D-AE1 Z-AH0 P-R-AY1 V-AH0-T D-AH0 M-EH1-S T-IH0 K-AA2 K-Y-AH0 P-EY1 SH-AH0-N


one is that this whole terrain-

W-AH1 N-IH1-Z DH-AE1-T DH-IH1-S HH-OW1-L T-ER0 EY1-N


...is not being adequately theorized by anybody. the people who are doing the best job, who have a-

IH1 Z-N-AA1-T B-IY1 IH0 NG-AE1 D-AH0 K-W-AH0 T-L-IY0 TH-IY1 ER0 AY2-Z-D B-AY1 EH1 N-IY0 B-AH0 D-IY0 DH-AH0 P-IY1 P-AH0-L HH-UW1 AA1-R D-UW1 IH0-NG DH-AH0 B-EH1-S-T JH-AA1-B HH-UW1 HH-AE1 V-AH0


...certain stake in it are feminists, but that's part of this problem of critical separatism. and i even use the word ghettoization-

S-ER1 T-AH0-N-S T-EY1 K-IH0 N-IH1 T-AA1-R F-EH1 M-AH0 N-AH0-S-T-S B-AH1-T TH-AE1-T-S P-AA1-R T-AH1-V DH-IH1-S P-R-AA1 B-L-AH0 M-AH1-V K-R-IH1 T-IH0 K-AH0-L S-EH1 P-ER0 AH0 T-IH2 Z-AH0 M-AH0-N D-AY1 IY1 V-IH0 N-Y-UW1-Z DH-AH0 W-ER1-D G-EH2 T-AH0 T-AH0 Z-EY1 SH-AH0-N


...at one point, this terrain-

AE1 T-W-AH1-N P-OY1-N-T DH-IH1-S T-ER0 EY1-N


...it should be of-


...interest to all critical theory. so that's one point. a second-

IH1-N T-R-AH0-S-T T-UW1 AO1-L K-R-IH1 T-IH0 K-AH0-L TH-IH1 R-IY0 S-OW1 TH-AE1-T S-W-AH1-N P-OY1-N T-AH0 S-EH1 K-AH0-N-D


...in one's thinking with the way that capitalism entrenches and-

IH0 N-W-AH1-N-Z TH-IH1-NG K-IH0 NG-W-IH1-DH DH-AH0 W-EY1 DH-AE1-T K-AE1 P-IH0 T-AH0 L-IH2 Z-AH0 M-EH0-N T-R-EH1-N CH-IH0 Z-AH0-N-D


...institutionalizes a dichotomy between production and-

IH2-N-S T-IH0 T-UW1 SH-AH0 N-AH0 L-AY0 Z-IH0 Z-AH0 D-AY0 K-AA1 T-AH0 M-IY0 B-IH0 T-W-IY1-N P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0 N-AH0-N-D


...i understand it. this dichotomy is an artifact of-

AY1 AH2-N D-ER0-S T-AE1-N D-IH1-T DH-IH1-S D-AY0 K-AA1 T-AH0 M-IY0 IH1 Z-AE1 N-AA1-R T-AH0 F-AE2-K T-AH1-V


...capitalism. previously, this-

K-AE1 P-IH0 T-AH0 L-IH2 Z-AH0-M P-R-IY1 V-IY0 AH0 S-L-IY0 DH-IH1-S


...this work of social reproduction was not sharply separated from what we call-

DH-IH1 S-W-ER1 K-AH1-V S-OW1 SH-AH0-L R-IY2 P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0 N-W-AA1 Z-N-AA1-T SH-AA1-R P-L-IY0 S-EH1 P-ER0 EY2 T-AH0-D F-R-AH1 M-W-AH1 T-W-IY1 K-AO1-L


...production. just recall the-

P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0-N JH-AH1-S T-R-IH0 K-AO1-L DH-AH0


...right form of production in which you have the right selling-

R-AY1-T F-AO1-R M-AH1-V P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0 N-IH0 N-W-IH1 CH-Y-UW1 HH-AE1-V DH-AH0 R-AY1-T S-EH1 L-IH0-NG


... point on the ground floor, a workshop above it, a kitchen and above that bedrooms for-

P-OY1-N T-AA1-N DH-AH0 G-R-AW1-N-D F-L-AO1 R-AH0 W-ER1-K SH-AA2 P-AH0 B-AH1 V-IH1 T-AH0 K-IH1 CH-AH0 N-AH0-N D-AH0 B-AH1-V DH-AE1-T B-EH1 D-R-UW2-M-Z F-AO1-R


... journeymen, and such. i mean, these are situations... it's the separation and privatization of social reproduction and it's-

JH-ER1 N-IY0 M-IH0 N-AH0-N-D S-AH1 CH-AY1 M-IY1-N DH-IY1 Z-AA1-R S-IH2 CH-UW0 EY1 SH-AH0-N Z-IH1-T-S DH-AH0 S-EH2 P-ER0 EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH0-N-D P-R-AY1 V-AH0 T-AH0 Z-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH1-V S-OW1 SH-AH0-L R-IY2 P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0 N-AH0-N D-IH1-T-S


we don't want to encourage these dichotomies, but still we need to sort of understand how this dichotomy gets institutionalized and-

W-IY1 D-AA1-N T-W-AA1-N-T T-UW1 EH0-N K-ER1 IH0-JH DH-IY1-Z D-AY0 K-AA1 T-OW0 M-AY2-Z B-AH1-T-S T-IH1 L-W-IY1 N-IY1-D T-UW1 S-AO1-R T-AH1 V-AH2-N D-ER0-S T-AE1-N-D HH-AW1 DH-IH1-S D-AY0 K-AA1 T-AH0 M-IY0 G-EH1-T S-IH2-N-S T-IH0 T-UW1 SH-AH0 N-AH0 L-AY0-Z D-AH0-N-D


... and how to make visible-

AH0-N-D HH-AW1 T-UW1 M-EY1-K V-IH1 Z-AH0 B-AH0-L


... the background condition of possibility for the foreground exploitation-

DH-AH0 B-AE1-K G-R-AW2-N-D K-AH0-N D-IH1 SH-AH0 N-AH1-V P-AA2 S-AH0 B-IH1 L-AH0 T-IY0 F-AO1-R DH-AH0 F-AO1-R G-R-AW2-N D-EH2-K-S P-L-OY2 T-EY1 SH-AH0-N


... of labor that marks or theorized very-

AH1 V-L-EY1 B-ER0 DH-AE1 T-M-AA1-R-K S-AO1-R TH-IY1 ER0 AY2-Z-D V-EH1 R-IY0


... day. well, i think i want to say several things on this-

D-EY1 W-EH1 L-AY1 TH-IH1-NG K-AY1 W-AA1-N-T T-UW1 S-EY1 S-EH1 V-R-AH0-L TH-IH1-NG Z-AA1-N DH-IH1-S


... that it is almost... or should be-

DH-AE1 T-IH1 T-IH1 Z-AO1-L M-OW2-S T-AO1-R SH-UH1-D B-IY1


... limitless. i mean, i don't think there's any issue that is not pertinent in which-

L-IH1 M-AH0 T-L-AH0 S-AY1 M-IY1 N-AY1 D-AA1-N-T TH-IH1-NG-K DH-EH1-R Z-EH1 N-IY0 IH1 SH-UW0 DH-AE1 T-IH1 Z-N-AA1-T P-ER1 T-IH0 N-IH0-N T-IH0 N-W-IH1-CH


... grand that if feminists don't bring out, we'll go missing, right? no one else is going to do it.

G-R-AE1-N-D DH-AE1 T-IH1-F F-EH1 M-AH0 N-AH0-S-T-S D-AA1-N-T B-R-IH1 NG-AW1 T-W-EH1-L G-OW1 M-IH1 S-IH0 NG-R-AY1 T-N-OW1 W-AH1 N-EH1-L S-IH1-Z G-OW1 IH0-NG T-UW1 D-UW1 IH1-T


so i just don't see wherever there is sort of struggle and-

S-OW1 AY1 JH-AH1-S-T D-AA1-N-T S-IY1 W-EH0 R-EH1 V-ER0 DH-EH1 R-IH1-Z S-AO1-R T-AH1-V-S T-R-AH1 G-AH0 L-AH0-N-D


... sort of along with hester eisenstein and a few other people, i've been very concerned about a kind of unholy alliance or dangerous liaison between the dominant-

S-AO1-R T-AH1 V-AH0 L-AO1 NG-W-IH1-DH HH-EH1-S T-ER0 AY1 Z-AH0-N-S T-AY0 N-AH0-N D-AH0 F-Y-UW1 AH1 DH-ER0 P-IY1 P-AH0 L-AY1-V B-IH1-N V-EH1 R-IY0 K-AH0-N S-ER1-N D-AH0 B-AW1 T-AH0 K-AY1-N D-AH1 V-AH0-N HH-OW1 L-IY0 AH0 L-AY1 AH0-N S-AO1-R D-EY1-N JH-ER0 AH0 S-L-IY0 EY1 Z-AA2-N B-IH0 T-W-IY1-N DH-AH0 D-AA1 M-AH0 N-AH0-N-T


... should be to try to break this dangerous liaison with a-

SH-UH1-D B-IY1 T-UW1 T-R-AY1 T-UW1 B-R-EY1-K DH-IH1-S D-EY1-N JH-ER0 AH0 S-L-IY0 EY1 Z-AA2 N-W-IH1 DH-AH0


... cratic individualistic, let's... like this big bestseller in the united-

K-R-AE1 T-IH0 K-IH2-N D-IH0 V-IH2 JH-UW0 AH0 L-IH1-S T-IH0 K-L-EH1-T S-L-AY1-K DH-IH1-S B-IH1-G B-EH1-S-T S-EH1 L-ER0 IH0-N DH-AH0 Y-UW0 N-AY1 T-AH0-D


my point of view would be to break that dangerous liaison if possible, and try. this would be-

M-AY1 P-OY1-N T-AH1-V V-Y-UW1 W-UH1-D B-IY1 T-UW1 B-R-EY1-K DH-AE1-T D-EY1-N JH-ER0 AH0 S-L-IY0 EY1 Z-AA2 N-IH1-F P-AA1 S-AH0 B-AH0 L-AH0-N-D T-R-AY1 DH-IH1 S-W-UH1-D B-IY1


i can't say how, but try to forge some new principle in alliance with social-

AY1 K-AE1-N-T S-EY1 HH-AW1 B-AH1-T T-R-AY1 T-UW1 F-AO1-R-JH S-AH1-M N-UW1 P-R-IH1-N S-AH0 P-AH0 L-IH0 N-AH0 L-AY1 AH0-N S-W-IH1-DH S-OW1 SH-AH0-L


... protection, which is often-

P-R-AH0 T-EH1-K SH-AH0 N-W-IH1 CH-IH1 Z-AO1 F-AH0-N


i mean, the most visible and intense-

AY1 M-IY1-N DH-AH0 M-OW1-S-T V-IH1 Z-AH0 B-AH0 L-AH0-N D-IH0-N T-EH1-N-S


in your opinion, why do you think the occupy movement failed? thank you.

IH0 N-Y-AO1 R-AH0 P-IH1 N-Y-AH0 N-W-AY1 D-UW1 Y-UW1 TH-IH1-NG-K DH-AH0 AA1 K-Y-AH0 P-AY2 M-UW1 V-M-AH0-N-T F-EY1-L-D TH-AE1-NG K-Y-UW1


great. great question. i mean, when you say people want capitalism and-

G-R-EY1-T G-R-EY1-T K-W-EH1-S CH-AH0 N-AY1 M-IY1 N-W-EH1 N-Y-UW1 S-EY1 P-IY1 P-AH0 L-W-AA1-N-T K-AE1 P-IH0 T-AH0 L-IH2 Z-AH0 M-AH0-N-D


... in the global south, so-called. i mean, the point is there is something worse than.

IH0-N DH-AH0 G-L-OW1 B-AH0-L S-AW1-TH S-OW1 K-AA1-L D-AY1 M-IY1-N DH-AH0 P-OY1-N T-IH1-Z DH-EH1 R-IH1-Z S-AH1-M TH-IH0 NG-W-ER1-S DH-AE1-N


... not being... than being exploited and that's not being exploited. there really is. that's what i've been trying to stress here about-

N-AA1-T B-IY1 IH0-NG DH-AE1-N B-IY1 IH0 NG-EH1-K-S P-L-OY2 T-AH0 D-AH0-N-D TH-AE1-T S-N-AA1-T B-IY1 IH0 NG-EH1-K-S P-L-OY2 T-AH0-D DH-EH1-R R-IH1 L-IY0 IH1-Z TH-AE1-T S-W-AH1 T-AY1-V B-IH1-N T-R-AY1 IH0-NG T-UW1-S T-R-EH1-S HH-IY1 R-AH0 B-AW1-T


... how, and that's why i'm opposed to this kind of-

HH-AW1 AH0-N-D TH-AE1-T S-W-AY1 IH1 M-AH0 P-OW1-Z-D T-UW1 DH-IH1-S K-AY1-N D-AH1-V


... commodification of care, no more commodification, labor, et cetera, et cetera.

K-AA2 M-AH0 D-AH0 F-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH1-V K-EH1-R N-OW1 M-AO1-R K-AA2 M-AH0 D-AH0 F-AH0 K-EY1 SH-AH0 N-L-EY1 B-ER0 EH1-T S-EH1 T-ER0 AH0 EH1-T S-EH1 T-ER0 AH0


there. people don't want buildings to collapse on them, even-

DH-EH1-R P-IY1 P-AH0-L D-AA1-N T-W-AA1-N-T B-IH1-L D-IH0-NG-Z T-UW1 K-AH0 L-AE1-P S-AA1-N DH-EH1 M-IY1 V-IH0-N


... though they want jobs. so in other words, what our job as i see at the job-

DH-OW1 DH-EY1 W-AA1-N-T JH-AA1-B-Z S-OW1 IH0 N-AH1 DH-ER0 W-ER1-D Z-W-AH1 T-AW1 ER0 JH-AA1 B-AE1 Z-AY1 S-IY1 AE1-T DH-AH0 JH-AA1-B


... and to live a decent life, and the question is, the question-

AH0-N-D T-UW1 L-AY1 V-AH0 D-IY1 S-AH0-N T-L-AY1 F-AH0-N-D DH-AH0 K-W-EH1-S CH-AH0 N-IH1-Z DH-AH0 K-W-EH1-S CH-AH0-N


... provide that today. it's not clear to me.

P-R-AH0 V-AY1-D DH-AE1-T T-AH0 D-EY1 IH1-T S-N-AA1-T K-L-IH1-R T-UW1 M-IY1


... that it can, or, i mean, there's partly a semantic issue. i mean-

DH-AE1 T-IH1-T K-AE1 N-AO1 R-AY1 M-IY1-N DH-EH1-R-Z P-AA1-R T-L-IY0 AH0 S-IH0 M-AE1-N T-IH0 K-IH1 SH-UW0 AY1 M-IY1-N


... that i call with some wink at gaietry spievak strategic agnosticism. in other words-

DH-AE1 T-AY1 K-AO1 L-W-IH1-DH S-AH1 M-W-IH1-NG K-AE1-T G-AY2 AE1 T-R-IY0-S P-IY1 V-AH0-K-S T-R-AH0 T-IY1 JH-IH0 K-AE2 G-N-AA1-S T-AH0-S-T S-IH0 N-AH1 DH-ER0 W-ER1-D-Z


this would be such an enormous improvement over what-

DH-IH1 S-W-UH1-D B-IY1 S-AH1 CH-AE1 N-IH0 N-AO1-R M-AH0 S-IH0-M P-R-UW1 V-M-AH0-N T-OW1 V-ER0 W-AH1-T


... we have now, right? but one-

W-IY1 HH-AE1 V-N-AW1 R-AY1-T B-AH1 T-W-AH1-N


... thing we want, well, let's try it. and-

TH-IH1 NG-W-IY1 W-AA1-N T-W-EH1-L L-EH1-T-S T-R-AY1 IH1 T-AH0-N-D


... population in opinion polling supported the movement after a few weeks. what-

P-AA2 P-Y-AH0 L-EY1 SH-AH0 N-IH0 N-AH0 P-IH1 N-Y-AH0-N P-OW1 L-IH0-NG S-AH0 P-AO1-R T-AH0-D DH-AH0 M-UW1 V-M-AH0-N T-AE1-F T-ER0 AH0 F-Y-UW1 W-IY1-K S-W-AH1-T


and one thing that clearly the evictions from-

AH0-N D-W-AH1-N TH-IH1-NG DH-AE1-T K-L-IH1-R L-IY0 DH-AH0 IH0 V-IH1-K SH-AH0-N-Z F-R-AH1-M


... the public spaces was catastrophic. it really shows how important actual public spaces, as opposed to simply cyber-

DH-AH0 P-AH1 B-L-IH0-K-S P-EY1 S-AH0 Z-W-AA1-Z K-AE2 T-AH0-S T-R-AA1 F-IH0 K-IH1 T-R-IH1 L-IY0 SH-OW1-Z HH-AW1 IH0-M P-AO1-R T-AH0-N T-AE1-K CH-AH0 W-AH0-L P-AH1 B-L-IH0-K-S P-EY1 S-AH0 Z-AE1 Z-AH0 P-OW1-Z-D T-UW1 S-IH1-M P-L-IY0 S-AY1 B-ER0


me just say this since there's a lot of the... several of the core sort of people are my own students.

M-IY1 JH-AH1-S-T S-EY1 DH-IH1-S S-IH1-N-S DH-EH1-R Z-AH0 L-AA1 T-AH1-V DH-AH0 S-EH1 V-R-AH0 L-AH1-V DH-AH0 K-AO1-R S-AO1-R T-AH1-V P-IY1 P-AH0 L-AA1-R M-AY1 OW1-N-S T-UW1 D-AH0-N-T-S


there's a kind of neo anarchism that is

DH-EH1-R Z-AH0 K-AY1-N D-AH1 V-N-IY1 OW0 AE1 N-ER0 K-AY2 Z-AH0-M DH-AE1 T-IH1-Z


rampant among youthful activists today that i think in the end is really...

R-AE1-M P-AH0-N T-AH0 M-AH1 NG-Y-UW1-TH F-AH0 L-AE1-K T-AH0 V-AH0-S-T-S T-AH0 D-EY1 DH-AE1 T-AY1 TH-IH1-NG K-IH0-N DH-AH0 EH1-N D-IH1 Z-R-IH1 L-IY0


we have to face up to the organizational questions somehow, and it's not easy. i don't know the answer. no one...

W-IY1 HH-AE1-V T-UW1 F-EY1 S-AH1-P T-UW1 DH-AH0 AO2-R G-AH0 N-AH0 Z-EY1 SH-AH0 N-AH0-L K-W-EH1-S CH-AH0-N-Z S-AH1-M HH-AW2 AH0-N D-IH1-T S-N-AA1 T-IY1 Z-IY0 AY1 D-AA1-N T-N-OW1 DH-AH0 AE1-N S-ER0 N-OW1 W-AH1-N


is for a leninist party, but if you're serious about changing really fundamental, deep structural things, you have to have something to say about organization.

IH1-Z F-AO1 R-AH0 L-EH1 N-IH0 N-IH0-S-T P-AA1-R T-IY0 B-AH1 T-IH1 F-Y-UH1-R S-IH1 R-IY0 AH0 S-AH0 B-AW1-T CH-EY1-N JH-IH0 NG-R-IH1 L-IY0 F-AH2-N D-AH0 M-EH1-N T-AH0-L D-IY1-P-S T-R-AH1-K CH-ER0 AH0-L TH-IH1-NG Z-Y-UW1 HH-AE1-V T-UW1 HH-AE1-V S-AH1-M TH-IH0-NG T-UW1 S-EY1 AH0 B-AW1 T-AO2-R G-AH0 N-AH0 Z-EY1 SH-AH0-N


and the sort of principled refusal to even take up. the question seems to be problematic, but look,

AH0-N-D DH-AH0 S-AO1-R T-AH1-V P-R-IH1-N S-AH0 P-AH0-L D-R-AH0 F-Y-UW1 Z-AH0-L T-UW1 IY1 V-IH0-N T-EY1 K-AH1-P DH-AH0 K-W-EH1-S CH-AH0-N S-IY1-M-Z T-UW1 B-IY1 P-R-AA2 B-L-AH0 M-AE1 T-IH0-K B-AH1 T-L-UH1-K


we haven't heard the last of this, the same sentiments and the same problems continue.

W-IY1 HH-AE1 V-AH0-N-T HH-ER1-D DH-AH0 L-AE1-S T-AH1-V DH-IH1-S DH-AH0 S-EY1-M S-EH1-N T-AH0 M-AH0-N-T S-AH0-N-D DH-AH0 S-EY1-M P-R-AA1 B-L-AH0-M-Z K-AH0-N T-IH1 N-Y-UW0


thank you, professor fraser for a really good lecture, you.

TH-AE1-NG K-Y-UW1 P-R-AH0 F-EH1 S-ER0 F-R-EY1 Z-ER0 F-AO1 R-AH0 R-IH1 L-IY0 G-UH1 D-L-EH1-K CH-ER0 Y-UW1


he's using [polanyi's 00:01:02] idea. so what we're talking about here again, is another

HH-IY1 Z-Y-UW1 Z-IH0-NG P-AH0 L-AE1 N-IY0 IH0-Z Z-IH1 R-OW0 AW1 ER0 Z-W-AH1-N M-IH1 N-AH0 T-AH0-N-D T-UW1 S-EH1 K-AH0-N-D Z-AY0 D-IY1 AH0 S-OW1 W-AH1 T-W-ER0 T-AO1 K-IH0 NG-AH0 B-AW1-T HH-IY1 R-AH0 G-EH1 N-IH1 Z-AH0 N-AH1 DH-ER0


transmission of know how that, right, that lays behind agriculture and all sorts of other production then-

T-R-AE0-N S-M-IH1 SH-AH0 N-AH1 V-N-OW1 HH-AW1 DH-AE1 T-R-AY1-T DH-AE1 T-L-EY1-Z B-IH0 HH-AY1-N D-AE1 G-R-IH0 K-AH2-L CH-ER0 AH0-N D-AO1-L S-AO1-R-T S-AH1 V-AH1 DH-ER0 P-R-AH0 D-AH1-K SH-AH0-N DH-EH1-N


which still had


the... there was still the idea in science until relatively recently a

DH-AH0 DH-EH1 R-W-AA1-Z-S T-IH1-L DH-AH0 AY0 D-IY1 AH0 IH0-N S-AY1 AH0-N S-AH0-N T-IH1-L R-EH1 L-AH0 T-IH0 V-L-IY0 R-IY1 S-AH0-N T-L-IY0 AH0


new enclosure of a commons. so, that increasingly research

N-UW1 EH0-N K-L-OW1 ZH-ER0 AH1 V-AH0 K-AA1 M-AH0-N-Z S-OW1 DH-AE1 T-IH0-N K-R-IY1 S-IH0 NG-L-IY0 R-IY0 S-ER1-CH


in universities is funded. i don't know if this is the case in finland, but in the united states,

IH0 N-Y-UW2 N-AH0 V-ER1 S-AH0 T-IY0 Z-IH1-Z F-AH1-N D-AH0 D-AY1 D-AA1-N T-N-OW1 IH1-F DH-IH1 S-IH1-Z DH-AH0 K-EY1 S-IH0-N F-IH1 N-L-AE2-N-D B-AH1 T-IH0-N DH-AH0 Y-UW0 N-AY1 T-AH0-D-S T-EY1-T-S


increasingly corporate funded research with very

IH0-N K-R-IY1 S-IH0 NG-L-IY0 K-AO1-R P-ER0 AH0-T F-AH1-N D-AH0 D-R-IY0 S-ER1 CH-W-IH1-DH V-EH1 R-IY0


tight restrictions on its public

T-AY1 T-R-IY0-S T-R-IH1-K SH-AH0-N Z-AA1 N-IH1-T-S P-AH1 B-L-IH0-K


sponserd by a pharmaceutical corporation, for example, shows

S-P-AA1-N S-ER0-D B-AY1 AH0 F-AA2-R M-AH0 S-UW1 T-IH0 K-AH0-L K-AO2-R P-ER0 EY1 SH-AH0-N F-AO1 R-IH0-G Z-AE1-M P-AH0-L SH-OW1-Z


the goals in india over the attempt to patent-

DH-AH0 G-OW1-L Z-IH0 N-IH1-N D-IY0 AH0 OW1 V-ER0 DH-AH0 AH0 T-EH1-M-P-T T-UW1 P-AE1 T-AH0-N-T