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Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is skeptical of all justifications for authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including nation-states, and capitalism. Anarchism advocates for the replacement of the state with stateless societies and voluntary free associations. As a historically left-wing movement, this reading of anarchism is placed on the farthest left of the political spectrum, usually described as the libertarian wing of the socialist movement (libertarian socialism).
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advocates, institutions, maintain, anarchism, reading, on, movement, of, free, and, abolish, that, as, of, is, the, of, and, as, the, movement, including, capitalism, nation, is, movement, of, voluntary, societies, the, a, placed, socialist, it, usually, stateless, this, the, spectrum, to, claims, justifications, authority, anarchism, farthest, wing, the, the, for, of, left, hierarchy, political, skeptical, the, libertarian, a, socialism, and, states, unnecessary, historically, all, with, wing, seeks, and, replacement, typically, state, anarchism, for, described, is, coercion, libertarian, and, political, philosophy, associations, left
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A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is a (pronounced ), plural aes. It is similar in shape to the Ancient Greek letter Alpha, from which it derives. The uppercase version consists of the two slanting sides of a triangle, crossed in the middle by a horizontal bar. The lowercase version can be written in two forms: the double-storey a and single-storey ɑ. The latter is commonly used in handwriting and fonts based on it, especially fonts intended to be read by children, and is also found in italic type.
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of, the, alphabet, a, languages, middle, in, greek, is, vowel, also, the, it, in, alphabet, from, the, crossed, and, in, and, to, western, is, in, the, slanting, derives, be, other, is, pronounced, forms, sides, the, double, which, in, or, the, its, first, alpha, latter, consists, bar, is, horizontal, it, handwriting, letter, ancient, version, the, found, name, and, lowercase, is, alphabets, type, plural, especially, storey, a, version, and, italic, in, others, the, the, the, and, letter, aes, be, shape, of, can, used, based, on, uppercase, a, by, a, single, two, of, fonts, latin, european, the, read, worldwide, by, triangle, written, modern, similar, it, storey, two, fonts, first, commonly, ɑ, children, to, the, english, english, of, intended, used, a, in, a
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Alabama () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered by Tennessee to the north; Georgia to the east; Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south; and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states.
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In Greek mythology, Achilles ( ) or Achilleus () was a hero of the Trojan War who was known as being the greatest of all the Greek warriors. A central character in Homer's Iliad, he was the son of the Nereid Thetis and Peleus, king of Phthia and famous Argonaut. Achilles was raised in Phthia along his childhood companion Patroclus and received his education by the centaur Chiron. In the Iliad, he is presented as the commander of the mythical tribe of the Myrmidons.
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Abraham Lincoln ( ; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the Union through the American Civil War to defend the nation as a constitutional union and succeeded in defeating the insurgent Confederacy, abolishing slavery, expanding the power of the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy.
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Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology and the arts. As the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy in the Lyceum in Athens, he began the wider Aristotelian tradition that followed, which set the groundwork for the development of modern science.
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An American in Paris is a jazz-influenced symphonic poem (or tone poem) for orchestra by American composer George Gershwin first performed in 1928. It was inspired by the time that Gershwin had spent in Paris and evokes the sights and energy of the French capital during the .
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The Academy Award for Best Production Design recognizes achievement for art direction in film. The category's original name was Best Art Direction, but was changed to its current name in 2012 for the 85th Academy Awards. This change resulted from the Art Directors' branch of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) being renamed the Designers' branch. Since 1947, the award is shared with the set decorators. It is awarded to the best interior design in a film.
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The Academy Awards, mainly known as the Oscars, are awards for artistic and technical merit for the film industry. They are presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences located in Beverly Hills, California, United States, in recognition of excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy's voting membership. The Academy Awards are regarded by many as the most prestigious, significant awards in the entertainment industry in the United States and worldwide. The Oscar statuette depicts a knight rendered in the Art Deco style.
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prestigious, regarded, located, the, awards, known, are, academy, awards, mainly, and, and, merit, of, awards, united, in, industry, the, film, sciences, the, states, hills, for, awards, in, california, academy, as, the, oscar, picture, entertainment, worldwide, s, membership, the, they, technical, the, are, the, and, by, significant, recognition, many, excellence, of, achievements, rendered, the, assessed, in, academy, oscars, a, as, in, art, presented, academy, by, cinematic, are, motion, most, the, beverly, knight, in, by, the, statuette, style, arts, depicts, industry, artistic, voting, united, annually, as, deco, in, states, the, for
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Actresses (Catalan: Actrius) is a 1997 Catalan language Spanish drama film produced and directed by Ventura Pons and based on the award-winning stage play E.R. by Josep Maria Benet i Jornet. The film has no male actors, with all roles played by females. The film was produced in 1996.
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Animalia is an illustrated children's book by Graeme Base. It was originally published in 1986, followed by a tenth anniversary edition in 1996, and a 25th anniversary edition in 2012. Over four million copies have been sold worldwide. A special numbered and signed anniversary edition was also published in 1996, with an embossed gold jacket.
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International Atomic Time (abbreviated TAI, from its French name ) is a high-precision atomic coordinate time standard based on the notional passage of proper time on Earth's geoid. TAI is a weighted average of the time kept by over 450 atomic clocks in over 80 national laboratories worldwide. It is a continuous scale of time, without leap seconds, and it is the principal realisation of Terrestrial Time (with a fixed offset of epoch). It is the basis for Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which is used for civil timekeeping all over the Earth's surface and which has leap seconds.
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Altruism is the principle and practice of concern for the well-being and/or happiness of other humans or animals. While objects of altruistic concern vary, it is an important moral value in many cultures and religions. It may be considered a synonym of selflessness, the opposite of selfishness.
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Alice O'Connor (born Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum; , 1905 – March 6, 1982), better known by her pen name Ayn Rand (), was a Russian-born American writer and public philosopher. She is known for her fiction and for developing a philosophical system she named Objectivism. Born and educated in Russia, she moved to the United States in 1926. After two early novels that were initially unsuccessful and two Broadway plays, she achieved fame with her 1943 novel, The Fountainhead. In 1957, Rand published her best-selling work, the novel Atlas Shrugged. Afterward, until her death in 1982, she turned to non-fiction to promote her philosophy, publishing her own periodicals and releasing several collections of essays.
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rand, best, she, fountainhead, born, united, born, she, in, zinovyevna, ayn, to, 1926, her, and, published, death, several, and, novel, and, she, was, after, atlas, rand, for, a, russian, developing, in, plays, were, better, to, periodicals, her, pen, afterward, rosenbaum, in, 1905, philosophy, publishing, she, philosopher, that, novel, two, named, own, is, her, non, the, known, alisa, o, by, her, novels, the, in, connor, fiction, american, 1957, achieved, initially, 6, a, system, public, promote, of, with, alice, 1982, and, work, fiction, her, unsuccessful, and, to, writer, her, march, known, russia, her, 1982, philosophical, shrugged, essays, early, states, turned, until, fame, two, collections, broadway, objectivism, for, name, born, she, educated, the, 1943, releasing, moved, selling
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1905, 1926, 1943, 1957, 1982, 1982, 6, a, a, achieved, after, afterward, alice, alisa, american, and, and, and, and, and, atlas, ayn, best, better, born, born, born, broadway, by, collections, connor, death, developing, early, educated, essays, fame, fiction, fiction, for, for, fountainhead, her, her, her, her, her, her, her, in, in, in, in, initially, is, known, known, march, moved, name, named, non, novel, novel, novels, o, objectivism, of, own, pen, periodicals, philosopher, philosophical, philosophy, plays, promote, public, published, publishing, rand, rand, releasing, rosenbaum, russia, russian, selling, several, she, she, she, she, she, shrugged, states, system, that, the, the, the, to, to, to, turned, two, two, united, unsuccessful, until, was, were, with, work, writer, zinovyevna
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6, a, a, o, by, in, in, in, in, is, of, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, ayn, for, for, her, her, her, her, her, her, her, non, own, pen, she, she, she, she, she, the, the, the, two, two, was, 1905, 1926, 1943, 1957, 1982, 1982, best, born, born, born, fame, name, rand, rand, that, were, with, work, after, alice, alisa, atlas, death, early, known, known, march, moved, named, novel, novel, plays, until, better, connor, essays, novels, public, russia, states, system, turned, united, writer, fiction, fiction, promote, russian, selling, several, achieved, american, broadway, educated, shrugged, afterward, initially, published, releasing, rosenbaum, developing, philosophy, publishing, zinovyevna, collections, objectivism, periodicals, philosopher, fountainhead, unsuccessful, philosophical
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Alain Connes (; born 1 April 1947 in Draguignan) is a French mathematician, known for his contributions to the study of operator algebras and noncommutative geometry. He is a professor at the , , Ohio State University and Vanderbilt University. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1982.
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is, and, his, connes, for, contributions, vanderbilt, 1982, a, fields, university, he, is, study, university, known, in, a, mathematician, draguignan, the, was, and, the, ohio, french, awarded, the, professor, in, operator, medal, algebras, of, at, geometry, to, 1, noncommutative, alain, he, born, 1947, april, state
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1, 1947, 1982, a, a, alain, algebras, and, and, april, at, awarded, born, connes, contributions, draguignan, fields, for, french, geometry, he, he, his, in, in, is, is, known, mathematician, medal, noncommutative, of, ohio, operator, professor, state, study, the, the, the, to, university, university, vanderbilt, was
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1, a, a, at, he, he, in, in, is, is, of, to, and, and, for, his, the, the, the, was, 1947, 1982, born, ohio, alain, april, known, medal, state, study, connes, fields, french, awarded, algebras, geometry, operator, professor, draguignan, university, university, vanderbilt, contributions, mathematician, noncommutative
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Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia; to the east by Libya; to the southeast by Niger; to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. It is considered part of the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has a semi-arid geography, with most of the population living in the fertile north and the Sahara dominating the geography of the south. Algeria covers an area of , making it the world's tenth largest nation by area, and the largest nation in Africa, more than 200 times as large as the continent's smallest country, The Gambia. With a population of 44 million, Algeria is the tenth-most populous country in Africa, and the 32nd-most populous country in the world. The capital and largest city is Algiers, located in the far north on the Mediterranean coast.
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the, north, most, and, times, sahara, mediterranean, in, arid, 200, the, far, southeast, the, niger, making, is, the, the, geography, tenth, semi, country, it, the, algeria, people, the, to, north, part, to, the, the, algiers, most, than, africa, with, east, is, and, in, population, most, by, a, to, in, largest, dominating, algeria, sea, of, of, and, north, 32nd, in, is, country, algeria, to, as, region, by, west, and, 44, nation, as, is, maghreb, the, population, s, the, world, to, country, more, mali, tenth, the, the, tunisia, the, the, the, north, the, populous, africa, million, a, the, s, it, continent, by, covers, with, largest, smallest, democratic, of, city, in, morocco, the, area, of, north, geography, africa, algeria, world, it, considered, located, on, algeria, the, bordered, living, the, by, the, in, populous, of, and, of, mauritania, libya, gambia, the, sahara, south, republic, coast, nation, mediterranean, s, largest, by, a, the, is, by, southwest, an, africa, of, country, to, has, northeast, large, and, by, area, capital, western, fertile, officially
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200, 32nd, 44, a, a, a, africa, africa, africa, africa, algeria, algeria, algeria, algeria, algeria, algiers, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, area, area, arid, as, as, bordered, by, by, by, by, by, by, by, capital, city, coast, considered, continent, country, country, country, country, covers, democratic, dominating, east, far, fertile, gambia, geography, geography, has, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, it, it, it, large, largest, largest, largest, libya, living, located, maghreb, making, mali, mauritania, mediterranean, mediterranean, million, more, morocco, most, most, most, nation, nation, niger, north, north, north, north, north, northeast, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, officially, on, part, people, population, population, populous, populous, region, republic, s, s, s, sahara, sahara, sea, semi, smallest, south, southeast, southwest, tenth, tenth, than, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, times, to, to, to, to, to, to, tunisia, west, western, with, with, world, world
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a, a, a, s, s, s, 44, an, as, as, by, by, by, by, by, by, by, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, it, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, to, to, to, to, to, to, 200, and, and, and, and, and, and, far, has, sea, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, 32nd, area, area, arid, city, east, mali, more, most, most, most, part, semi, than, west, with, with, coast, large, libya, niger, north, north, north, north, north, south, tenth, tenth, times, world, world, africa, africa, africa, africa, covers, gambia, living, making, nation, nation, people, region, sahara, sahara, algeria, algeria, algeria, algeria, algeria, algiers, capital, country, country, country, country, fertile, largest, largest, largest, located, maghreb, million, morocco, tunisia, western, bordered, populous, populous, republic, smallest, continent, geography, geography, northeast, southeast, southwest, considered, democratic, dominating, mauritania, officially, population, population, mediterranean, mediterranean
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Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including past human species. Social anthropology studies patterns of behavior, while cultural anthropology studies cultural meaning, including norms and values. A portmanteau term sociocultural anthropology is commonly used today. Linguistic anthropology studies how language influences social life. Biological or physical anthropology studies the biological development of humans.
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humans, of, the, cultural, commonly, anthropology, cultural, a, biological, in, portmanteau, linguistic, meaning, social, language, studies, concerned, humanity, while, norms, is, cultures, term, past, today, anthropology, anthropology, including, with, anthropology, biology, the, studies, species, development, of, of, human, study, scientific, present, anthropology, human, including, social, and, the, influences, or, is, past, how, life, biological, societies, both, studies, behavior, linguistics, and, human, sociocultural, studies, anthropology, behavior, values, patterns, physical, used, and
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a, and, and, and, anthropology, anthropology, anthropology, anthropology, anthropology, anthropology, behavior, behavior, biological, biological, biology, both, commonly, concerned, cultural, cultural, cultures, development, how, human, human, human, humanity, humans, in, including, including, influences, is, is, language, life, linguistic, linguistics, meaning, norms, of, of, of, or, past, past, patterns, physical, portmanteau, present, scientific, social, social, societies, sociocultural, species, studies, studies, studies, studies, study, term, the, the, the, today, used, values, while, with
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a, in, is, is, of, of, of, or, and, and, and, how, the, the, the, both, life, past, past, term, used, with, human, human, human, norms, study, today, while, humans, social, social, values, biology, meaning, present, species, studies, studies, studies, studies, behavior, behavior, commonly, cultural, cultural, cultures, humanity, language, patterns, physical, concerned, including, including, societies, biological, biological, influences, linguistic, scientific, development, linguistics, portmanteau, anthropology, anthropology, anthropology, anthropology, anthropology, anthropology, sociocultural
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Agricultural science (or agriscience for short) is a broad multidisciplinary field of biology that encompasses the parts of exact, natural, economic and social sciences that are used in the practice and understanding of agriculture. Professionals of the agricultural science are called agricultural scientists or agriculturists.
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of, exact, or, encompasses, of, social, or, biology, broad, are, science, understanding, is, that, parts, the, called, a, agriscience, short, sciences, multidisciplinary, and, in, agriculturists, practice, of, professionals, are, for, science, agriculture, used, field, natural, agricultural, and, the, agricultural, that, agricultural, the, of, scientists, economic
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a, agricultural, agricultural, agricultural, agriculture, agriculturists, agriscience, and, and, are, are, biology, broad, called, economic, encompasses, exact, field, for, in, is, multidisciplinary, natural, of, of, of, of, or, or, parts, practice, professionals, science, science, sciences, scientists, short, social, that, that, the, the, the, understanding, used
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a, in, is, of, of, of, of, or, or, and, and, are, are, for, the, the, the, that, that, used, broad, exact, field, parts, short, called, social, biology, natural, science, science, economic, practice, sciences, scientists, agriculture, agriscience, encompasses, agricultural, agricultural, agricultural, professionals, understanding, agriculturists, multidisciplinary
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Alchemy (from Arabic: al-kīmiyā; from Ancient Greek: χυμεία, khumeía) is an ancient branch of natural philosophy, a philosophical and protoscientific tradition that was historically practiced in China, India, the Muslim world, and Europe. In its Western form, alchemy is first attested in a number of pseudepigraphical texts written in Greco-Roman Egypt during the first few centuries AD.
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form, was, historically, and, greco, in, pseudepigraphical, tradition, alchemy, of, alchemy, protoscientific, written, ancient, that, its, europe, china, philosophical, greek, a, arabic, from, the, texts, is, roman, the, ancient, egypt, world, few, is, philosophy, an, natural, centuries, in, during, from, number, a, practiced, branch, and, attested, of, khumeía, western, in, first, al, first, muslim, kīmiyā, χυμεία, in, ad, india
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a, a, ad, al, alchemy, alchemy, an, ancient, ancient, and, and, arabic, attested, branch, centuries, china, during, egypt, europe, few, first, first, form, from, from, greco, greek, historically, in, in, in, in, india, is, is, its, khumeía, kīmiyā, muslim, natural, number, of, of, philosophical, philosophy, practiced, protoscientific, pseudepigraphical, roman, texts, that, the, the, tradition, was, western, world, written, χυμεία
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a, a, ad, al, an, in, in, in, in, is, is, of, of, and, and, few, its, the, the, was, form, from, from, that, china, egypt, first, first, greco, greek, india, roman, texts, world, arabic, branch, during, europe, kīmiyā, muslim, number, χυμεία, alchemy, alchemy, ancient, ancient, khumeía, natural, western, written, attested, centuries, practiced, tradition, philosophy, historically, philosophical, protoscientific, pseudepigraphical
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Alien primarily refers to:
Alien (law), a person in a country who is not a national of that country
Enemy alien, the above in times of war
Extraterrestrial life, life which does not originate from Earth
Specifically, a lifeform with extraterrestrial intelligence
For fictional extraterrestrial life, see Extraterrestrials in fiction
Introduced species, a species not native to its environment
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law, alien, life, enemy, to, earth, who, primarily, life, not, alien, times, extraterrestrials, which, species, extraterrestrial, its, see, originate, native, for, does, specifically, war, species, person, intelligence, country, fictional, a, in, not, of, is, extraterrestrial, of, alien, refers, a, that, environment, a, in, national, fiction, with, above, to, a, the, extraterrestrial, in, introduced, life, country, not, lifeform, from, a
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a, a, a, a, a, above, alien, alien, alien, country, country, does, earth, enemy, environment, extraterrestrial, extraterrestrial, extraterrestrial, extraterrestrials, fiction, fictional, for, from, in, in, in, intelligence, introduced, is, its, law, life, life, life, lifeform, national, native, not, not, not, of, of, originate, person, primarily, refers, see, species, species, specifically, that, the, times, to, to, war, which, who, with
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a, a, a, a, a, in, in, in, is, of, of, to, to, for, its, law, not, not, not, see, the, war, who, does, from, life, life, life, that, with, above, alien, alien, alien, earth, enemy, times, which, native, person, refers, country, country, fiction, species, species, lifeform, national, fictional, originate, primarily, introduced, environment, intelligence, specifically, extraterrestrial, extraterrestrial, extraterrestrial, extraterrestrials
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An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies – in either observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers study include planetary science, solar astronomy, the origin or evolution of stars, or the formation of galaxies. A related but distinct subject is physical cosmology, which studies the Universe as a whole.
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of, related, observe, their, of, or, or, is, as, by, examples, scientist, is, include, as, whole, of, a, or, fields, the, an, of, a, but, which, scope, study, cosmology, the, outside, the, a, specific, stars, or, analyzing, solar, distinct, astronomer, planets, such, either, galaxies, or, they, the, comets, astronomy, evolution, the, earth, and, studies, subject, field, moons, universe, galaxies, astronomy, in, data, astronomers, topics, theoretical, focuses, the, on, stars, astronomy, objects, science, physical, in, a, observational, planetary, studies, field, of, formation, who, question, astronomical, origin
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a, a, a, a, an, analyzing, and, as, as, astronomer, astronomers, astronomical, astronomy, astronomy, astronomy, but, by, comets, cosmology, data, distinct, earth, either, evolution, examples, field, field, fields, focuses, formation, galaxies, galaxies, in, in, include, is, is, moons, objects, observational, observe, of, of, of, of, of, on, or, or, or, or, or, origin, outside, physical, planetary, planets, question, related, science, scientist, scope, solar, specific, stars, stars, studies, studies, study, subject, such, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, theoretical, they, topics, universe, which, who, whole
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a, a, a, a, an, as, as, by, in, in, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, on, or, or, or, or, or, and, but, the, the, the, the, the, the, who, data, such, they, earth, field, field, moons, scope, solar, stars, stars, study, their, which, whole, comets, either, fields, origin, topics, focuses, include, objects, observe, outside, planets, related, science, studies, studies, subject, distinct, examples, galaxies, galaxies, physical, question, specific, universe, analyzing, astronomy, astronomy, astronomy, cosmology, evolution, formation, planetary, scientist, astronomer, astronomers, theoretical, astronomical, observational
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ASCII ( ), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. Because of technical limitations of computer systems at the time it was invented, ASCII has just 128 code points, of which only 95 are , which severely limited its scope. Modern computer systems have evolved to use Unicode, which has millions of code points, but the first 128 of these are the same as the ASCII set.
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but, code, because, devices, electronic, just, time, in, is, has, evolved, millions, invented, the, equipment, code, same, modern, 128, of, these, technical, it, code, the, ascii, severely, 95, the, as, character, to, from, computer, other, of, standard, limited, computers, its, of, represent, codes, communication, are, have, interchange, ascii, points, telecommunications, scope, which, encoding, unicode, ascii, for, abbreviated, of, limitations, was, ascii, and, at, computer, set, information, systems, text, which, standard, only, which, are, american, of, first, has, for, use, 128, a, the, points, systems
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128, 128, 95, a, abbreviated, american, and, are, are, as, ascii, ascii, ascii, ascii, at, because, but, character, code, code, code, codes, communication, computer, computer, computers, devices, electronic, encoding, equipment, evolved, first, for, for, from, has, has, have, in, information, interchange, invented, is, it, its, just, limitations, limited, millions, modern, of, of, of, of, of, only, other, points, points, represent, same, scope, set, severely, standard, standard, systems, systems, technical, telecommunications, text, the, the, the, the, these, time, to, unicode, use, was, which, which, which
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a, 95, as, at, in, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, to, 128, 128, and, are, are, but, for, for, has, has, its, set, the, the, the, the, use, was, code, code, code, from, have, just, only, same, text, time, ascii, ascii, ascii, ascii, codes, first, other, scope, these, which, which, which, modern, points, points, because, devices, evolved, limited, systems, systems, unicode, american, computer, computer, encoding, invented, millions, severely, standard, standard, character, computers, equipment, represent, technical, electronic, abbreviated, information, interchange, limitations, communication, telecommunications
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Animation is the method that encompasses myriad filmmaking techniques, by which still images are manipulated to create moving images. In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets (cels) to be photographed and exhibited on film. Animation has been recognized as an artistic medium, specifically within the entertainment industry. Many animations are computer animations made with computer-generated imagery (CGI). Stop motion animation, in particular claymation, has continued to exist alongside these other forms.
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animations, claymation, industry, images, to, medium, the, or, has, celluloid, alongside, in, these, method, artistic, entertainment, moving, in, sheets, are, generated, made, drawn, photographed, many, other, animation, specifically, animation, within, been, still, cgi, transparent, motion, continued, create, on, stop, exhibited, are, cels, animations, on, techniques, to, encompasses, recognized, particular, animation, as, forms, myriad, computer, traditional, by, is, by, the, computer, images, and, with, filmmaking, imagery, film, to, images, painted, that, animation, hand, manipulated, has, are, which, an, be, exist
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alongside, an, and, animation, animation, animation, animation, animations, animations, are, are, are, artistic, as, be, been, by, by, celluloid, cels, cgi, claymation, computer, computer, continued, create, drawn, encompasses, entertainment, exhibited, exist, film, filmmaking, forms, generated, hand, has, has, imagery, images, images, images, in, in, industry, is, made, manipulated, many, medium, method, motion, moving, myriad, on, on, or, other, painted, particular, photographed, recognized, sheets, specifically, still, stop, techniques, that, the, the, these, to, to, to, traditional, transparent, which, with, within
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an, as, be, by, by, in, in, is, on, on, or, to, to, to, and, are, are, are, cgi, has, has, the, the, been, cels, film, hand, made, many, stop, that, with, drawn, exist, forms, other, still, these, which, create, images, images, images, medium, method, motion, moving, myriad, sheets, within, imagery, painted, artistic, computer, computer, industry, alongside, animation, animation, animation, animation, celluloid, continued, exhibited, generated, animations, animations, claymation, filmmaking, particular, recognized, techniques, encompasses, manipulated, traditional, transparent, photographed, specifically, entertainment
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Apollo or Apollon is one of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology. Apollo has been recognized as a god of archery, music and dance, truth and prophecy, healing and diseases, the Sun and light, poetry, and more. One of the most important and complex of the Greek gods, he is the son of Zeus and Leto, and the twin brother of Artemis, goddess of the hunt. He is considered to be the most beautiful god and is represented as the ideal of the kouros (ephebe, or a beardless, athletic youth). Apollo is known in Greek-influenced Etruscan mythology as Apulu.
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mythology, apulu, he, apollo, and, the, truth, classical, to, of, recognized, as, the, roman, complex, a, of, in, goddess, deities, known, and, beautiful, and, the, of, apollo, mythology, and, in, or, apollon, the, zeus, or, the, and, has, youth, light, the, he, greek, as, and, sun, athletic, and, gods, and, artemis, and, one, prophecy, leto, is, and, greek, one, be, is, music, poetry, kouros, greek, son, is, a, god, dance, as, of, twin, god, the, more, is, archery, influenced, diseases, represented, ephebe, greek, ideal, important, etruscan, roman, of, brother, been, the, most, religion, olympian, of, most, and, of, healing, hunt, the, is, considered, and, of, beardless, apollo, the
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a, a, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, apollo, apollo, apollo, apollon, apulu, archery, artemis, as, as, as, athletic, be, beardless, beautiful, been, brother, classical, complex, considered, dance, deities, diseases, ephebe, etruscan, god, god, goddess, gods, greek, greek, greek, greek, has, he, he, healing, hunt, ideal, important, in, in, influenced, is, is, is, is, is, known, kouros, leto, light, more, most, most, music, mythology, mythology, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, olympian, one, one, or, or, poetry, prophecy, recognized, religion, represented, roman, roman, son, sun, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, truth, twin, youth, zeus
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a, a, as, as, as, be, he, he, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, to, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, god, god, has, one, one, son, sun, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, been, gods, hunt, leto, more, most, most, twin, zeus, apulu, dance, greek, greek, greek, greek, ideal, known, light, music, roman, roman, truth, youth, apollo, apollo, apollo, ephebe, kouros, poetry, apollon, archery, artemis, brother, complex, deities, goddess, healing, athletic, diseases, etruscan, olympian, prophecy, religion, beardless, beautiful, classical, important, mythology, mythology, considered, influenced, recognized, represented
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Andre Kirk Agassi ( ; born April 29, 1970) is an American former world No. 1 tennis player. He is an eight-time major champion and an Olympic gold medalist, as well as a runner-up in seven other majors. Agassi is widely considered one of the greatest tennis players of all time.
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a, april, other, is, time, as, as, majors, greatest, andre, up, an, all, tennis, well, eight, 29, one, and, player, in, time, widely, tennis, an, an, gold, champion, american, he, agassi, 1, olympic, major, is, born, no, kirk, 1970, world, considered, seven, of, agassi, players, former, is, the, medalist, runner, of
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1, 1970, 29, a, agassi, agassi, all, american, an, an, an, and, andre, april, as, as, born, champion, considered, eight, former, gold, greatest, he, in, is, is, is, kirk, major, majors, medalist, no, of, of, olympic, one, other, player, players, runner, seven, tennis, tennis, the, time, time, up, well, widely, world
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1, a, 29, an, an, an, as, as, he, in, is, is, is, no, of, of, up, all, and, one, the, 1970, born, gold, kirk, time, time, well, andre, april, eight, major, other, seven, world, agassi, agassi, former, majors, player, runner, tennis, tennis, widely, olympic, players, american, champion, greatest, medalist, considered
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The Austroasiatic languages are a large language family spoken throughout mainland Southeast Asia, South Asia and East Asia. These languages are natively spoken by the majority of the population in Vietnam and Cambodia, and by minority populations scattered throughout parts of Thailand, Laos, India, Myanmar, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Nepal, and southern China. Approximately 117 million people speak an Austroasiatic language, of which more than two-thirds are Vietnamese speakers. Of the Austroasiatic languages, only Vietnamese, Khmer, and Mon have lengthy, established presences in the historical record. Only two are presently considered to be the national languages of sovereign states: Vietnamese in Vietnam, and Khmer in Cambodia. The Mon language is a recognized indigenous language in Myanmar and Thailand, while the Wa language is a 'recognized national language' in the de facto autonomous Wa State within Myanmar. Santali is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. The remainder of the family's languages are spoken by minority groups and have no official status.
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autonomous, spoken, speakers, languages, throughout, people, the, the, china, the, asia, southeast, recognized, family, asia, east, historical, austroasiatic, mon, a, remainder, 22, language, vietnam, languages, laos, and, groups, only, of, of, have, while, national, and, by, wa, malaysia, in, the, languages, india, and, languages, natively, and, be, considered, language, are, are, than, vietnamese, approximately, languages, the, family, language, vietnamese, language, myanmar, throughout, majority, national, languages, of, bangladesh, more, santali, populations, the, is, cambodia, language, s, an, status, million, is, in, are, parts, population, wa, presences, by, in, vietnam, myanmar, a, in, asia, state, cambodia, a, myanmar, no, of, and, austroasiatic, the, mon, thirds, thailand, minority, mainland, within, spoken, 117, official, india, and, southern, large, the, two, the, are, indigenous, and, one, facto, and, is, of, these, lengthy, language, of, khmer, two, austroasiatic, of, which, states, only, established, vietnamese, scheduled, presently, have, record, to, in, are, speak, by, the, nepal, south, sovereign, de, of, minority, spoken, the, the, recognized, scattered, in, khmer, thailand
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The Afroasiatic languages (or Afro-Asiatic, sometimes Afrasian), also known as Hamito-Semitic or Semito-Hamitic, are a language family (or "phylum") of about 400 languages spoken predominantly in West Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of the Sahara and Sahel. Over 500 million people are native speakers of an Afroasiatic language, constituting the fourth-largest language family after Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, and Niger–Congo. Most linguists divide the family into six branches: Berber, Chadic, Cushitic, Egyptian, Semitic, and Omotic. The vast majority of Afroasiatic languages are considered indigenous to the African continent, including all those not belonging to the Semitic branch.
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those, european, continent, indigenous, sahel, the, over, congo, also, the, or, predominantly, niger, vast, of, into, after, of, and, are, language, horn, including, semitic, the, and, branches, afrasian, constituting, of, and, linguists, the, are, of, branch, not, omotic, of, six, asiatic, largest, in, the, africa, semitic, north, africa, million, family, people, parts, asia, considered, as, phylum, most, sahara, hamito, native, the, tibetan, to, afroasiatic, all, 400, spoken, african, speakers, fourth, 500, egyptian, family, afro, language, language, hamitic, languages, afroasiatic, languages, sino, the, family, afroasiatic, cushitic, berber, semitic, indo, are, or, chadic, an, known, sometimes, or, to, about, and, languages, belonging, west, divide, semito, majority, a, the
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400, 500, a, about, afrasian, africa, africa, african, afro, afroasiatic, afroasiatic, afroasiatic, after, all, also, an, and, and, and, and, are, are, are, as, asia, asiatic, belonging, berber, branch, branches, chadic, congo, considered, constituting, continent, cushitic, divide, egyptian, european, family, family, family, fourth, hamitic, hamito, horn, in, including, indigenous, indo, into, known, language, language, language, languages, languages, languages, largest, linguists, majority, million, most, native, niger, north, not, of, of, of, of, of, omotic, or, or, or, over, parts, people, phylum, predominantly, sahara, sahel, semitic, semitic, semitic, semito, sino, six, sometimes, speakers, spoken, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, those, tibetan, to, to, vast, west
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a, an, as, in, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, or, to, to, 400, 500, all, and, and, and, and, are, are, are, not, six, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, afro, also, asia, horn, indo, into, most, over, sino, vast, west, about, after, congo, known, niger, north, parts, sahel, those, africa, africa, berber, branch, chadic, divide, family, family, family, fourth, hamito, native, omotic, people, phylum, sahara, semito, spoken, african, asiatic, hamitic, largest, million, semitic, semitic, semitic, tibetan, afrasian, branches, cushitic, egyptian, european, language, language, language, majority, speakers, belonging, continent, including, languages, languages, languages, linguists, sometimes, considered, indigenous, afroasiatic, afroasiatic, afroasiatic, constituting, predominantly
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Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra, is a sovereign landlocked country and microstate on the Iberian Peninsula, in the eastern Pyrenees, bordered by France to the north and Spain to the south. Believed to have been created by Charlemagne, Andorra was ruled by the count of Urgell until 988, when it was transferred to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell. The present principality was formed by a charter in 1278. It is currently headed by two co-princes: the bishop of Urgell in Catalonia, Spain and the president of France. Its capital and largest city is Andorra la Vella.
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the, urgell, of, the, charlemagne, it, to, microstate, president, is, the, south, officially, country, transferred, capital, princes, in, andorra, was, andorra, vella, its, spain, la, bordered, have, by, diocese, principality, andorra, roman, of, catholic, to, 988, a, by, been, city, until, it, by, and, by, of, and, believed, the, the, was, eastern, urgell, co, a, of, of, peninsula, and, bishop, when, sovereign, spain, charter, by, two, currently, is, the, and, principality, to, headed, the, pyrenees, catalonia, present, on, andorra, iberian, france, created, landlocked, the, france, count, the, in, formed, largest, is, north, urgell, to, in, was, the, ruled, 1278
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a, a, by, by, by, by, by, co, in, in, in, is, is, is, it, it, la, of, of, of, of, of, on, to, to, to, to, 988, and, and, and, and, its, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, was, was, was, 1278, been, city, have, when, count, north, roman, ruled, south, spain, spain, until, vella, bishop, formed, france, france, headed, urgell, urgell, urgell, andorra, andorra, andorra, andorra, capital, charter, country, created, diocese, eastern, iberian, largest, present, princes, believed, bordered, catholic, pyrenees, catalonia, currently, peninsula, president, sovereign, landlocked, microstate, officially, charlemagne, transferred, principality, principality
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In mathematics and statistics, the arithmetic mean ( ), arithmetic average, or just the mean or average (when the context is clear) is the sum of a collection of numbers divided by the count of numbers in the collection. The collection is often a set of results from an experiment, an observational study, or a survey. The term "arithmetic mean" is preferred in some mathematics and statistics contexts because it helps distinguish it from other types of means, such as geometric and harmonic.
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an, the, means, the, from, a, of, a, the, arithmetic, by, mathematics, and, in, set, and, in, helps, mean, or, statistics, because, clear, sum, of, of, a, when, arithmetic, in, collection, average, it, of, mean, harmonic, average, mean, the, is, of, types, results, is, divided, an, or, the, distinguish, statistics, from, mathematics, numbers, numbers, contexts, the, observational, such, experiment, context, the, study, survey, geometric, and, is, it, count, or, arithmetic, is, the, some, collection, collection, just, other, preferred, term, often, as
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a, a, a, an, an, and, and, and, arithmetic, arithmetic, arithmetic, as, average, average, because, by, clear, collection, collection, collection, context, contexts, count, distinguish, divided, experiment, from, from, geometric, harmonic, helps, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, it, it, just, mathematics, mathematics, mean, mean, mean, means, numbers, numbers, observational, of, of, of, of, of, often, or, or, or, other, preferred, results, set, some, statistics, statistics, study, such, sum, survey, term, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, types, when
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a, a, a, an, an, as, by, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, or, and, and, and, set, sum, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, from, from, just, mean, mean, mean, some, such, term, when, clear, count, helps, means, often, other, study, types, survey, average, average, because, context, divided, numbers, numbers, results, contexts, harmonic, geometric, preferred, arithmetic, arithmetic, arithmetic, collection, collection, collection, experiment, statistics, statistics, distinguish, mathematics, mathematics, observational
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The American Football Conference (AFC) is one of the two conferences of the National Football League (NFL), the highest professional level of American football in the United States. The AFC and its counterpart, the National Football Conference (NFC), each contain 16 teams with 4 divisions. Both conferences were created as part of the 1970 merger between the National Football League, and the American Football League (AFL). All ten of the AFL teams, and three NFL teams, became members of the new AFC, with the remaining thirteen NFL teams forming the NFC. A series of league expansions and division realignments have occurred since the merger, thus making the current total of 16 teams in each conference. The current AFC champions are the Kansas City Chiefs, who defeated the Cincinnati Bengals in the 2022 season's AFC Championship Game for their third conference championship.
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conference, 2022, current, of, s, the, three, afc, american, realignments, the, divisions, the, ten, and, the, afc, the, as, league, city, a, the, football, in, are, all, have, expansions, contain, teams, afl, championship, with, conference, champions, football, the, of, conference, of, bengals, conference, afc, kansas, forming, chiefs, national, 4, new, part, championship, nfc, thus, nfc, who, defeated, in, highest, conferences, the, each, season, each, of, one, teams, the, the, remaining, series, division, with, afc, total, cincinnati, for, 16, 16, league, and, united, league, of, afl, were, created, teams, nfl, merger, between, the, level, merger, counterpart, national, football, professional, the, is, became, third, occurred, football, the, states, football, the, 1970, nfl, both, making, the, american, league, members, american, nfl, of, its, since, their, national, teams, game, the, the, and, the, of, the, of, and, football, conferences, the, two, teams, in, afc, thirteen, current
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16, 16, 1970, 2022, 4, a, afc, afc, afc, afc, afc, afl, afl, all, american, american, american, and, and, and, and, are, as, became, bengals, between, both, champions, championship, championship, chiefs, cincinnati, city, conference, conference, conference, conference, conferences, conferences, contain, counterpart, created, current, current, defeated, division, divisions, each, each, expansions, football, football, football, football, football, football, for, forming, game, have, highest, in, in, in, is, its, kansas, league, league, league, league, level, making, members, merger, merger, national, national, national, new, nfc, nfc, nfl, nfl, nfl, occurred, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, one, part, professional, realignments, remaining, s, season, series, since, states, teams, teams, teams, teams, teams, ten, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, third, thirteen, three, thus, total, two, united, were, who, with, with
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4, a, s, 16, 16, as, in, in, in, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, afc, afc, afc, afc, afc, afl, afl, all, and, and, and, and, are, for, its, new, nfc, nfc, nfl, nfl, nfl, one, ten, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, who, 1970, 2022, both, city, each, each, game, have, part, thus, were, with, with, level, since, teams, teams, teams, teams, teams, their, third, three, total, became, chiefs, kansas, league, league, league, league, making, merger, merger, season, series, states, united, bengals, between, contain, created, current, current, forming, highest, members, american, american, american, defeated, division, football, football, football, football, football, football, national, national, national, occurred, thirteen, champions, divisions, remaining, cincinnati, conference, conference, conference, conference, expansions, conferences, conferences, counterpart, championship, championship, professional, realignments
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Animal Farm is a beast fable, in the form of a satirical allegorical novella, by George Orwell, first published in England on 17 August 1945. It tells the story of a group of anthropomorphic farm animals who rebel against their human farmer, hoping to create a society where the animals can be equal, free, and happy. Ultimately, the rebellion is betrayed and, under the dictatorship of a pig named Napoleon, the farm ends up in a state as bad as it was before.
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happy, 17, the, animals, august, a, can, form, of, before, pig, it, in, napoleon, a, and, of, was, farm, beast, published, against, up, it, in, the, george, on, animals, of, satirical, a, story, tells, animal, the, under, the, hoping, farm, orwell, first, rebellion, betrayed, by, to, dictatorship, where, equal, a, as, be, farmer, novella, anthropomorphic, is, the, ends, rebel, and, bad, of, a, group, farm, is, as, allegorical, create, england, state, ultimately, society, 1945, human, in, named, a, who, free, their, the, fable
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17, 1945, a, a, a, a, a, a, against, allegorical, and, and, animal, animals, animals, anthropomorphic, as, as, august, bad, be, beast, before, betrayed, by, can, create, dictatorship, ends, england, equal, fable, farm, farm, farm, farmer, first, form, free, george, group, happy, hoping, human, in, in, in, is, is, it, it, named, napoleon, novella, of, of, of, of, on, orwell, pig, published, rebel, rebellion, satirical, society, state, story, tells, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, to, ultimately, under, up, was, where, who
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a, a, a, a, a, a, 17, as, as, be, by, in, in, in, is, is, it, it, of, of, of, of, on, to, up, and, and, bad, can, pig, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, who, 1945, ends, farm, farm, farm, form, free, beast, equal, fable, first, group, happy, human, named, rebel, state, story, tells, their, under, where, animal, august, before, create, farmer, george, hoping, orwell, against, animals, animals, england, novella, society, betrayed, napoleon, published, rebellion, satirical, ultimately, allegorical, dictatorship, anthropomorphic
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Amphibians are ectothermic, anamniotic, four-limbed vertebrate animals that constitute the class Amphibia. They are a paraphyletic group encompassing all tetrapods excluding the amniotes (tetrapods with an amniotic membrane, such as modern reptiles, birds, and mammals). All extant (living) amphibians belong to the subclass Lissamphibia, with three living orders: Anura (frogs), Urodela (salamanders), and Gymnophiona (caecilians). Evolved to be mostly semiaquatic, amphibians have adapted to inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living in freshwater, wetland or terrestrial ecosystems (such as riparian woodland, fossorial and even arboreal habitats). Their life cycle typically starts out as aquatic larvae with gills known as tadpoles, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this.
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as, constitute, starts, anamniotic, salamanders, amniotic, lissamphibia, in, encompassing, a, they, terrestrial, woodland, semiaquatic, living, caecilians, with, three, subclass, adapted, and, modern, typically, living, bypass, amphibians, are, species, anura, vertebrate, paraphyletic, group, fossorial, inhabit, most, tetrapods, excluding, but, four, freshwater, behavioural, tadpoles, habitats, limbed, amphibia, amniotes, belong, to, or, some, variety, urodela, have, cycle, as, evolved, developed, all, adaptations, living, to, habitats, life, to, species, wide, frogs, this, with, be, orders, amphibians, have, tetrapods, gills, an, the, as, mostly, even, membrane, animals, arboreal, all, known, out, birds, reptiles, that, mammals, the, class, such, the, with, their, with, of, a, wetland, amphibians, and, as, ectothermic, riparian, to, extant, larvae, and, ecosystems, aquatic, are, gymnophiona, such
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a, a, adaptations, adapted, all, all, amniotes, amniotic, amphibia, amphibians, amphibians, amphibians, an, anamniotic, and, and, and, animals, anura, aquatic, arboreal, are, are, as, as, as, as, be, behavioural, belong, birds, but, bypass, caecilians, class, constitute, cycle, developed, ecosystems, ectothermic, encompassing, even, evolved, excluding, extant, fossorial, four, freshwater, frogs, gills, group, gymnophiona, habitats, habitats, have, have, in, inhabit, known, larvae, life, limbed, lissamphibia, living, living, living, mammals, membrane, modern, most, mostly, of, or, orders, out, paraphyletic, reptiles, riparian, salamanders, semiaquatic, some, species, species, starts, subclass, such, such, tadpoles, terrestrial, tetrapods, tetrapods, that, the, the, the, their, they, this, three, to, to, to, to, typically, urodela, variety, vertebrate, wetland, wide, with, with, with, with, woodland
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a, a, an, as, as, as, as, be, in, of, or, to, to, to, to, all, all, and, and, and, are, are, but, out, the, the, the, even, four, have, have, life, most, some, such, such, that, they, this, wide, with, with, with, with, anura, birds, class, cycle, frogs, gills, group, known, their, three, belong, bypass, extant, larvae, limbed, living, living, living, modern, mostly, orders, starts, adapted, animals, aquatic, evolved, inhabit, mammals, species, species, urodela, variety, wetland, amniotes, amniotic, amphibia, arboreal, habitats, habitats, membrane, reptiles, riparian, subclass, tadpoles, woodland, developed, excluding, fossorial, tetrapods, tetrapods, typically, amphibians, amphibians, amphibians, anamniotic, caecilians, constitute, ecosystems, freshwater, vertebrate, adaptations, behavioural, ectothermic, gymnophiona, salamanders, semiaquatic, terrestrial, encompassing, lissamphibia, paraphyletic
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Alaska ( ) is a non-contiguous U.S. state on the northwest extremity of North America. It borders British Columbia and Yukon in Canada to the east and it shares a western maritime border in the Bering Strait with Russia's Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The Chukchi and Beaufort Seas of the Arctic Ocean lie to the north and the Pacific Ocean lies to the south. Technically a semi-exclave of the U.S., Alaska is the largest exclave in the world.
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of, a, pacific, exclave, and, s, northwest, columbia, beaufort, and, on, arctic, in, yukon, borders, russia, s, shares, bering, ocean, the, western, to, the, north, the, in, to, technically, u, the, is, alaska, a, strait, exclave, the, south, canada, the, autonomous, u, and, the, lie, seas, it, with, to, and, it, maritime, s, semi, of, the, is, of, north, border, okrug, extremity, alaska, contiguous, the, ocean, chukotka, non, the, america, state, in, east, a, chukchi, largest, the, british, world, lies
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a, a, a, alaska, alaska, america, and, and, and, and, arctic, autonomous, beaufort, bering, border, borders, british, canada, chukchi, chukotka, columbia, contiguous, east, exclave, exclave, extremity, in, in, in, is, is, it, it, largest, lie, lies, maritime, non, north, north, northwest, ocean, ocean, of, of, of, okrug, on, pacific, russia, s, s, s, seas, semi, shares, south, state, strait, technically, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, to, to, u, u, western, with, world, yukon
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Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. While humans started gathering grains at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers only began planting them around 11,500 years ago. Sheep, goats, pigs and cattle were domesticated around 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world. In the twentieth century, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monocultures came to dominate agricultural output.
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pigs, regions, cattle, goats, the, around, crop, whereby, ago, dominate, farming, agriculture, large, development, agriculture, began, the, based, and, least, came, grains, twentieth, agricultural, in, scale, and, of, surpluses, food, rise, of, 500, 11, and, output, civilization, planting, domesticated, live, the, for, sheep, products, non, ago, people, them, encompasses, species, of, gathering, 000, 10, in, nascent, to, at, in, created, fisheries, 000, livestock, farmers, started, domesticated, production, forestry, at, were, 105, key, was, years, and, sedentary, independently, years, in, plants, century, human, food, while, world, that, ago, monocultures, humans, 11, least, only, the, to, cultivated, years, cities, food, agriculture, enabled, around, industrial, were, on, aquaculture
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000, 000, 10, 105, 11, 11, 500, ago, ago, ago, agricultural, agriculture, agriculture, agriculture, and, and, and, and, aquaculture, around, around, at, at, based, began, came, cattle, century, cities, civilization, created, crop, cultivated, development, domesticated, domesticated, dominate, enabled, encompasses, farmers, farming, fisheries, food, food, food, for, forestry, gathering, goats, grains, human, humans, in, in, in, in, independently, industrial, key, large, least, least, live, livestock, monocultures, nascent, non, of, of, of, on, only, output, people, pigs, planting, plants, production, products, regions, rise, scale, sedentary, sheep, species, started, surpluses, that, the, the, the, the, them, to, to, twentieth, was, were, were, whereby, while, world, years, years, years
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10, 11, 11, at, at, in, in, in, in, of, of, of, on, to, to, 000, 000, 105, 500, ago, ago, ago, and, and, and, and, for, key, non, the, the, the, the, was, came, crop, food, food, food, live, only, pigs, rise, that, them, were, were, based, began, goats, human, large, least, least, scale, sheep, while, world, years, years, years, around, around, cattle, cities, grains, humans, output, people, plants, century, created, enabled, farmers, farming, nascent, regions, species, started, whereby, dominate, forestry, planting, products, fisheries, gathering, livestock, sedentary, surpluses, twentieth, cultivated, industrial, production, agriculture, agriculture, agriculture, aquaculture, development, encompasses, agricultural, civilization, domesticated, domesticated, monocultures, independently
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Algae (, ; : alga ) is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades. Included organisms range from unicellular microalgae, such as Chlorella, Prototheca and the diatoms, to multicellular forms, such as the giant kelp, a large brown alga which may grow up to in length. Most are aquatic and lack many of the distinct cell and tissue types, such as stomata, xylem and phloem that are found in land plants. The largest and most complex marine algae are called seaweeds, while the most complex freshwater forms are the Charophyta, a division of green algae which includes, for example, Spirogyra and stoneworts. Algae that are carried by water are plankton, specifically phytoplankton.
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the, group, green, algae, it, are, for, in, most, eukaryotic, is, microalgae, the, stoneworts, is, stomata, seaweeds, lack, from, most, an, largest, up, and, water, which, alga, the, of, of, and, of, aquatic, most, included, diverse, are, algae, length, and, and, to, such, forms, spirogyra, are, complex, and, a, such, the, complex, multicellular, many, that, may, grow, by, algae, distinct, phloem, as, the, a, multiple, the, division, for, as, includes, large, a, from, unicellular, algae, kelp, forms, land, informal, called, polyphyletic, freshwater, that, marine, example, giant, chlorella, carried, distinct, prototheca, brown, charophyta, clades, and, such, xylem, large, which, in, that, cell, diatoms, photosynthetic, as, are, term, species, are, a, are, organisms, grouping, found, plankton, organisms, specifically, alga, types, phytoplankton, range, tissue, plants, includes, while, to, and
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a, a, a, a, alga, alga, algae, algae, algae, algae, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, aquatic, are, are, are, are, are, are, as, as, as, brown, by, called, carried, cell, charophyta, chlorella, clades, complex, complex, diatoms, distinct, distinct, diverse, division, eukaryotic, example, for, for, forms, forms, found, freshwater, from, from, giant, green, group, grouping, grow, in, in, included, includes, includes, informal, is, is, it, kelp, lack, land, large, large, largest, length, many, marine, may, microalgae, most, most, most, multicellular, multiple, of, of, of, organisms, organisms, phloem, photosynthetic, phytoplankton, plankton, plants, polyphyletic, prototheca, range, seaweeds, species, specifically, spirogyra, stomata, stoneworts, such, such, such, term, that, that, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, tissue, to, to, types, unicellular, up, water, which, which, while, xylem
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a, a, a, a, an, as, as, as, by, in, in, is, is, it, of, of, of, to, to, up, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, are, are, are, are, are, for, for, may, the, the, the, the, the, the, alga, alga, cell, from, from, grow, kelp, lack, land, many, most, most, most, such, such, such, term, that, that, that, algae, algae, algae, algae, brown, forms, forms, found, giant, green, group, large, large, range, types, water, which, which, while, xylem, called, clades, length, marine, phloem, plants, tissue, aquatic, carried, complex, complex, diatoms, diverse, example, largest, species, stomata, distinct, distinct, division, grouping, included, includes, includes, informal, multiple, plankton, seaweeds, chlorella, organisms, organisms, spirogyra, charophyta, eukaryotic, freshwater, microalgae, prototheca, stoneworts, unicellular, polyphyletic, specifically, multicellular, phytoplankton, photosynthetic
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Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a collection of statistical models and their associated estimation procedures (such as the "variation" among and between groups) used to analyze the differences among means. ANOVA was developed by the statistician Ronald Fisher. ANOVA is based on the law of total variance, where the observed variance in a particular variable is partitioned into components attributable to different sources of variation. In its simplest form, ANOVA provides a statistical test of whether two or more population means are equal, and therefore generalizes the t-test beyond two means. In other words, the ANOVA is used to test the difference between two or more means.
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the, in, means, or, variance, equal, to, in, difference, anova, are, variation, a, by, beyond, two, the, two, developed, other, between, the, particular, two, to, is, the, law, as, collection, total, population, is, anova, the, among, fisher, test, and, therefore, t, whether, the, its, used, variation, more, the, in, analysis, among, their, test, provides, observed, based, and, means, components, and, procedures, on, anova, a, anova, associated, anova, differences, simplest, words, such, statistical, different, means, analyze, attributable, generalizes, of, was, used, statistician, to, variable, form, of, is, of, is, where, models, groups, of, means, or, ronald, between, sources, partitioned, of, into, variance, test, more, a, statistical, estimation, the, variance
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a, a, a, among, among, analysis, analyze, and, and, and, anova, anova, anova, anova, anova, are, as, associated, attributable, based, between, between, beyond, by, collection, components, developed, difference, differences, different, equal, estimation, fisher, form, generalizes, groups, in, in, in, into, is, is, is, is, its, law, means, means, means, means, models, more, more, observed, of, of, of, of, of, on, or, or, other, particular, partitioned, population, procedures, provides, ronald, simplest, sources, statistical, statistical, statistician, such, t, test, test, test, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, therefore, to, to, to, total, two, two, two, used, used, variable, variance, variance, variance, variation, variation, was, where, whether, words
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a, a, a, t, as, by, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, on, or, or, to, to, to, and, and, and, are, its, law, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, two, two, was, form, into, more, more, such, test, test, test, used, used, among, among, anova, anova, anova, anova, anova, based, equal, means, means, means, means, other, their, total, where, words, beyond, fisher, groups, models, ronald, analyze, between, between, sources, whether, analysis, observed, provides, simplest, variable, variance, variance, variance, developed, different, therefore, variation, variation, associated, collection, components, difference, estimation, particular, population, procedures, differences, generalizes, partitioned, statistical, statistical, attributable, statistician
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In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical trivial name that also has other meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carbon–carbon bonds are single. Alkanes have the general chemical formula . The alkanes range in complexity from the simplest case of methane (), where n = 1 (sometimes called the parent molecule), to arbitrarily large and complex molecules, like pentacontane () or 6-ethyl-2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl) octane, an isomer of tetradecane ().
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formula, complex, of, of, large, methane, and, alkane, that, consists, alkanes, like, atoms, which, 2, to, simplest, 5, the, tree, is, a, bonds, methylethyl, historical, single, an, or, an, alkanes, octane, carbon, name, have, alkane, called, meanings, in, of, where, tetradecane, from, organic, range, and, methyl, words, general, the, the, hydrogen, 1, other, or, isomer, molecules, also, a, carbon, other, sometimes, ethyl, case, 6, has, chemistry, in, in, paraffin, in, are, acyclic, chemical, the, pentacontane, 1, parent, arbitrarily, the, arranged, all, saturated, structure, carbon, hydrocarbon, an, trivial, molecule, complexity, n, in, an
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1, 1, 2, 5, 6, a, a, acyclic, alkane, alkane, alkanes, alkanes, all, also, an, an, an, an, and, and, arbitrarily, are, arranged, atoms, bonds, called, carbon, carbon, carbon, case, chemical, chemistry, complex, complexity, consists, ethyl, formula, from, general, has, have, historical, hydrocarbon, hydrogen, in, in, in, in, in, is, isomer, large, like, meanings, methane, methyl, methylethyl, molecule, molecules, n, name, octane, of, of, of, or, or, organic, other, other, paraffin, parent, pentacontane, range, saturated, simplest, single, sometimes, structure, tetradecane, that, the, the, the, the, the, to, tree, trivial, where, which, words
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1, 1, 2, 5, 6, a, a, n, an, an, an, an, in, in, in, in, in, is, of, of, of, or, or, to, all, and, and, are, has, the, the, the, the, the, also, case, from, have, like, name, that, tree, atoms, bonds, ethyl, large, other, other, range, where, which, words, alkane, alkane, called, carbon, carbon, carbon, isomer, methyl, octane, parent, single, acyclic, alkanes, alkanes, complex, formula, general, methane, organic, trivial, arranged, chemical, consists, hydrogen, meanings, molecule, paraffin, simplest, chemistry, molecules, saturated, sometimes, structure, complexity, historical, arbitrarily, hydrocarbon, methylethyl, tetradecane, pentacontane
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United States appellate procedure involves the rules and regulations for filing appeals in state courts and federal courts. The nature of an appeal can vary greatly depending on the type of case and the rules of the court in the jurisdiction where the case was prosecuted. There are many types of standard of review for appeals, such as de novo and abuse of discretion. However, most appeals begin when a party files a petition for review to a higher court for the purpose of overturning the lower court's decision.
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review, where, was, in, court, the, regulations, the, the, however, appeals, decision, lower, as, abuse, for, de, case, and, and, begin, discretion, novo, higher, files, appeal, a, the, for, a, nature, petition, jurisdiction, of, standard, vary, can, there, to, a, for, of, an, and, procedure, the, purpose, rules, of, type, are, court, filing, courts, most, overturning, appeals, such, the, greatly, the, the, depending, united, involves, types, court, courts, state, and, prosecuted, in, federal, rules, of, appellate, case, of, many, party, appeals, of, on, the, s, of, when, review, for, states
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a, a, a, abuse, an, and, and, and, and, appeal, appeals, appeals, appeals, appellate, are, as, begin, can, case, case, court, court, court, courts, courts, de, decision, depending, discretion, federal, files, filing, for, for, for, for, greatly, higher, however, in, in, involves, jurisdiction, lower, many, most, nature, novo, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, overturning, party, petition, procedure, prosecuted, purpose, regulations, review, review, rules, rules, s, standard, state, states, such, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, there, to, type, types, united, vary, was, when, where
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a, a, a, s, an, as, de, in, in, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, to, and, and, and, and, are, can, for, for, for, for, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, case, case, many, most, novo, such, type, vary, when, abuse, begin, court, court, court, files, lower, party, rules, rules, state, there, types, where, appeal, courts, courts, filing, higher, nature, review, review, states, united, appeals, appeals, appeals, federal, greatly, however, purpose, decision, involves, petition, standard, appellate, depending, procedure, discretion, prosecuted, overturning, regulations, jurisdiction
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An appellate court, commonly called a court of appeal(s), appeal court, court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal. In much of the world, court systems are divided into at least three levels: the trial court, which initially hears cases and reviews evidence and testimony to determine the facts of the case; at least one intermediate appellate court; and a supreme court (or court of last resort) which primarily reviews the decisions of the intermediate courts, often on a discretionary basis. A particular court system's supreme court is its highest appellate court. Appellate courts nationwide can operate under varying rules.
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least, court, primarily, basis, of, of, its, decisions, to, second, last, the, appellate, is, varying, a, in, often, appeal, to, cases, court, operate, called, appellate, facts, hears, court, supreme, court, the, testimony, hear, particular, supreme, appeal, s, court, determine, court, rules, initially, case, is, world, or, systems, or, court, which, levels, lower, discretionary, court, second, courts, court, of, least, and, tribunal, court, the, commonly, that, one, a, the, court, s, on, and, trial, or, empowered, the, of, reviews, system, can, intermediate, instance, an, court, of, nationwide, at, and, evidence, much, of, any, an, trial, under, appellate, are, a, of, reviews, divided, a, instance, a, resort, appellate, at, highest, other, appeal, intermediate, which, is, court, the, law, court, three, into, of, courts, court
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a, a, a, a, a, an, an, and, and, and, any, appeal, appeal, appeal, appellate, appellate, appellate, appellate, are, at, at, basis, called, can, case, cases, commonly, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, courts, courts, decisions, determine, discretionary, divided, empowered, evidence, facts, hear, hears, highest, in, initially, instance, instance, intermediate, intermediate, into, is, is, is, its, last, law, least, least, levels, lower, much, nationwide, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, often, on, one, operate, or, or, or, other, particular, primarily, resort, reviews, reviews, rules, s, s, second, second, supreme, supreme, system, systems, testimony, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, three, to, to, trial, trial, tribunal, under, varying, which, which, world
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a, a, a, a, a, s, s, an, an, at, at, in, is, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, or, or, or, to, to, and, and, and, any, are, can, its, law, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, case, hear, into, last, much, that, basis, cases, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, facts, hears, least, least, lower, often, other, rules, three, trial, trial, under, which, which, world, appeal, appeal, appeal, called, courts, courts, levels, resort, second, second, system, divided, highest, operate, reviews, reviews, supreme, supreme, systems, varying, commonly, evidence, instance, instance, tribunal, appellate, appellate, appellate, appellate, decisions, determine, empowered, initially, primarily, testimony, nationwide, particular, intermediate, intermediate, discretionary
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Arraignment is a formal reading of a criminal charging document in the presence of the defendant, to inform them of the charges against them. In response to arraignment, in some jurisdictions, the accused is expected to enter a plea; in other jurisdictions, no plea is required. Acceptable pleas vary among jurisdictions, but they generally include guilty, not guilty, and the peremptory pleas, or pleas in bar, setting out reasons why a trial cannot proceed. Pleas of nolo contendere ('no contest') and the Alford plea are allowed in some circumstances.
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and, contest, them, in, accused, some, pleas, required, in, nolo, pleas, other, pleas, the, setting, but, presence, them, generally, or, a, the, proceed, circumstances, a, reasons, jurisdictions, peremptory, is, the, response, the, pleas, vary, arraignment, guilty, of, formal, a, bar, the, a, plea, of, alford, the, reading, inform, charges, of, is, contendere, why, no, plea, not, cannot, in, some, in, enter, include, in, is, no, defendant, are, against, in, to, they, plea, to, trial, and, jurisdictions, to, criminal, expected, out, acceptable, document, arraignment, allowed, charging, guilty, of, among, jurisdictions
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a, a, a, a, acceptable, accused, against, alford, allowed, among, and, and, are, arraignment, arraignment, bar, but, cannot, charges, charging, circumstances, contendere, contest, criminal, defendant, document, enter, expected, formal, generally, guilty, guilty, in, in, in, in, in, in, include, inform, is, is, is, jurisdictions, jurisdictions, jurisdictions, no, no, nolo, not, of, of, of, of, or, other, out, peremptory, plea, plea, plea, pleas, pleas, pleas, pleas, presence, proceed, reading, reasons, required, response, setting, some, some, the, the, the, the, the, the, them, them, they, to, to, to, trial, vary, why
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a, a, a, a, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, no, no, of, of, of, of, or, to, to, to, and, and, are, bar, but, not, out, the, the, the, the, the, the, why, nolo, plea, plea, plea, some, some, them, them, they, vary, among, enter, other, pleas, pleas, pleas, pleas, trial, alford, cannot, formal, guilty, guilty, inform, accused, against, allowed, charges, contest, include, proceed, reading, reasons, setting, charging, criminal, document, expected, presence, required, response, defendant, generally, acceptable, contendere, peremptory, arraignment, arraignment, circumstances, jurisdictions, jurisdictions, jurisdictions
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Assistive technology (AT) is a term for assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative devices for people with disabilities and the elderly. Disabled people often have difficulty performing activities of daily living (ADLs) independently, or even with assistance. ADLs are self-care activities that include toileting, mobility (ambulation), eating, bathing, dressing, grooming, and personal device care. Assistive technology can ameliorate the effects of disabilities that limit the ability to perform ADLs. Assistive technology promotes greater independence by enabling people to perform tasks they were formerly unable to accomplish, or had great difficulty accomplishing, by providing enhancements to, or changing methods of interacting with, the technology needed to accomplish such tasks. For example, wheelchairs provide independent mobility for those who cannot walk, while assistive eating devices can enable people who cannot feed themselves to do so. Due to assistive technology, disabled people have an opportunity of a more positive and easygoing lifestyle, with an increase in "social participation", "security and control", and a greater chance to "reduce institutional costs without significantly increasing household expenses." In schools, assistive technology can be critical in allowing students with disabilities to access the general education curriculum. Students who experience challenges writing or keyboarding, for example, can use voice recognition software instead. Assistive technologies assist people who are recovering from strokes and people who have sustained injuries that affect their daily tasks.
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term, unable, can, disabled, assistive, who, with, personal, dressing, effects, for, and, recovering, technology, or, costs, tasks, daily, so, to, lifestyle, greater, and, who, ability, assistive, independence, devices, access, have, who, assistive, challenges, strokes, cannot, critical, do, or, experience, people, bathing, easygoing, a, accomplishing, technology, formerly, adls, those, interacting, assistive, adls, walk, sustained, more, institutional, can, perform, by, the, while, students, in, and, elderly, a, that, with, education, use, due, for, to, accomplish, the, to, often, have, people, promotes, ambulation, device, enable, of, had, accomplish, are, reduce, significantly, performing, technology, injuries, that, at, were, technology, affect, opportunity, without, are, disabilities, increasing, technologies, increase, self, in, activities, for, of, care, be, voice, their, difficulty, enhancements, assistive, assistive, eating, can, disabilities, an, adaptive, rehabilitative, to, changing, assistive, assistive, to, methods, for, include, software, keyboarding, and, disabled, the, eating, tasks, of, activities, of, to, to, schools, wheelchairs, general, can, disabilities, control, themselves, the, toileting, greater, is, difficulty, recognition, perform, limit, and, daily, such, needed, technology, instead, technology, assist, mobility, ameliorate, with, participation, for, great, feed, cannot, people, who, tasks, from, or, to, security, have, chance, or, expenses, they, a, students, and, independently, providing, people, assistance, grooming, in, mobility, social, care, people, devices, curriculum, adls, by, and, writing, even, household, an, with, with, example, people, people, that, living, example, who, allowing, the, positive, provide, to, enabling, independent
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a, a, a, ability, access, accomplish, accomplish, accomplishing, activities, activities, adaptive, adls, adls, adls, affect, allowing, ambulation, ameliorate, an, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, are, assist, assistance, assistive, assistive, assistive, assistive, assistive, assistive, assistive, assistive, at, bathing, be, by, by, can, can, can, can, cannot, cannot, care, care, challenges, chance, changing, control, costs, critical, curriculum, daily, daily, device, devices, devices, difficulty, difficulty, disabilities, disabilities, disabilities, disabled, disabled, do, dressing, due, easygoing, eating, eating, education, effects, elderly, enable, enabling, enhancements, even, example, example, expenses, experience, feed, for, for, for, for, for, formerly, from, general, great, greater, greater, grooming, had, have, have, have, household, in, in, in, include, increase, increasing, independence, independent, independently, injuries, instead, institutional, interacting, is, keyboarding, lifestyle, limit, living, methods, mobility, mobility, more, needed, of, of, of, of, often, opportunity, or, or, or, or, participation, people, people, people, people, people, people, people, perform, perform, performing, personal, positive, promotes, provide, providing, recognition, recovering, reduce, rehabilitative, schools, security, self, significantly, so, social, software, strokes, students, students, such, sustained, tasks, tasks, tasks, technologies, technology, technology, technology, technology, technology, technology, term, that, that, that, the, the, the, the, the, their, themselves, they, those, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, toileting, unable, use, voice, walk, were, wheelchairs, while, who, who, who, who, who, with, with, with, with, with, without, writing
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a, a, a, an, an, at, be, by, by, do, in, in, in, is, of, of, of, of, or, or, or, or, so, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, are, can, can, can, can, due, for, for, for, for, for, had, the, the, the, the, the, use, who, who, who, who, who, adls, adls, adls, care, care, even, feed, from, have, have, have, more, self, such, term, that, that, that, they, walk, were, with, with, with, with, with, costs, daily, daily, great, limit, often, tasks, tasks, tasks, their, those, voice, while, access, affect, assist, cannot, cannot, chance, device, eating, eating, enable, living, needed, people, people, people, people, people, people, people, reduce, social, unable, ability, bathing, control, devices, devices, effects, elderly, example, example, general, greater, greater, include, instead, methods, perform, perform, provide, schools, strokes, without, writing, adaptive, allowing, changing, critical, disabled, disabled, dressing, enabling, expenses, formerly, grooming, increase, injuries, mobility, mobility, personal, positive, promotes, security, software, students, students, assistive, assistive, assistive, assistive, assistive, assistive, assistive, assistive, easygoing, education, household, lifestyle, providing, sustained, toileting, accomplish, accomplish, activities, activities, ambulation, ameliorate, assistance, challenges, curriculum, difficulty, difficulty, experience, increasing, performing, recovering, technology, technology, technology, technology, technology, technology, themselves, independent, interacting, keyboarding, opportunity, recognition, wheelchairs, disabilities, disabilities, disabilities, enhancements, independence, technologies, accomplishing, independently, institutional, participation, significantly, rehabilitative
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The abacus (: abaci or abacuses), also called a counting frame, is a hand-operated calculating tool of unknown origin used since ancient times in the ancient Near East, Europe, China, and Russia, millennia before the adoption of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system.
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numeral, europe, the, or, and, tool, the, russia, frame, hindu, operated, abacus, hand, adoption, a, in, the, used, ancient, calculating, before, counting, abacuses, is, system, arabic, china, unknown, of, the, also, since, abaci, origin, ancient, east, called, millennia, a, times, near, of
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a, a, abaci, abacus, abacuses, adoption, also, ancient, ancient, and, arabic, before, calculating, called, china, counting, east, europe, frame, hand, hindu, in, is, millennia, near, numeral, of, of, operated, or, origin, russia, since, system, the, the, the, the, times, tool, unknown, used
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a, a, in, is, of, of, or, and, the, the, the, the, also, east, hand, near, tool, used, abaci, china, frame, hindu, since, times, abacus, arabic, before, called, europe, origin, russia, system, ancient, ancient, numeral, unknown, abacuses, adoption, counting, operated, millennia, calculating
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Bitumen (, ) is an immensely viscous constituent of petroleum. Depending on its exact composition it can be a sticky, black liquid or an apparently solid mass that behaves as a liquid over very large time scales. In the U.S., the material is commonly referred to as asphalt. Whether found in natural deposits or refined from petroleum, the substance is classed as a pitch. Prior to the 20th century the term asphaltum was in general use. The word derives from the ancient Greek ἄσφαλτος ásphaltos, which referred to natural bitumen or pitch. The largest natural deposit of bitumen in the world, estimated to contain 10 million tons, is the Pitch Lake of southwest Trinidad.
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to, can, the, liquid, to, substance, that, scales, pitch, black, natural, ἄσφαλτος, solid, the, immensely, million, the, petroleum, pitch, or, viscous, is, derives, classed, whether, constituent, was, behaves, on, depending, material, tons, trinidad, deposits, natural, referred, greek, in, as, of, the, an, asphaltum, estimated, is, a, be, contain, largest, very, a, natural, to, the, general, bitumen, in, the, commonly, asphalt, found, mass, century, of, use, as, u, the, deposit, a, is, liquid, 20th, southwest, in, sticky, ásphaltos, over, the, composition, large, bitumen, which, prior, as, is, exact, in, its, it, lake, pitch, from, world, an, petroleum, bitumen, term, or, referred, ancient, to, apparently, s, refined, the, word, time, of, 10, from, the, or
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10, 20th, a, a, a, an, an, ancient, apparently, as, as, as, asphalt, asphaltum, be, behaves, bitumen, bitumen, bitumen, black, can, century, classed, commonly, composition, constituent, contain, depending, deposit, deposits, derives, estimated, exact, found, from, from, general, greek, immensely, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, it, its, lake, large, largest, liquid, liquid, mass, material, million, natural, natural, natural, of, of, of, on, or, or, or, over, petroleum, petroleum, pitch, pitch, pitch, prior, referred, referred, refined, s, scales, solid, southwest, sticky, substance, term, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, time, to, to, to, to, tons, trinidad, u, use, very, viscous, was, whether, which, word, world, ásphaltos, ἄσφαλτος
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a, a, a, s, u, 10, an, an, as, as, as, be, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, it, of, of, of, on, or, or, or, to, to, to, to, can, its, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, use, was, 20th, from, from, lake, mass, over, term, that, time, tons, very, word, black, exact, found, greek, large, pitch, pitch, pitch, prior, solid, which, world, liquid, liquid, scales, sticky, ancient, asphalt, behaves, bitumen, bitumen, bitumen, century, classed, contain, deposit, derives, general, largest, million, natural, natural, natural, refined, viscous, whether, commonly, deposits, material, referred, referred, trinidad, ἄσφαλτος, asphaltum, depending, estimated, immensely, petroleum, petroleum, southwest, substance, ásphaltos, apparently, composition, constituent
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The American National Standards Institute (ANSI ) is a private nonprofit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. The organization also coordinates U.S. standards with international standards so that American products can be used worldwide.
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for, coordinates, oversees, worldwide, states, of, products, american, consensus, that, products, standards, also, personnel, development, standards, a, is, standards, processes, american, so, the, the, with, can, s, standards, that, organization, in, nonprofit, institute, organization, united, the, u, be, international, and, the, services, private, ansi, systems, national, voluntary, used
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a, also, american, american, and, ansi, be, can, consensus, coordinates, development, for, in, institute, international, is, national, nonprofit, of, organization, organization, oversees, personnel, private, processes, products, products, s, services, so, standards, standards, standards, standards, states, systems, that, that, the, the, the, the, u, united, used, voluntary, with, worldwide
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a, s, u, be, in, is, of, so, and, can, for, the, the, the, the, also, ansi, that, that, used, with, states, united, private, systems, american, american, national, oversees, products, products, services, consensus, institute, nonprofit, personnel, processes, standards, standards, standards, standards, voluntary, worldwide, coordinates, development, organization, organization, international
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Apollo 11 (July 16–24, 1969) was the American spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin landed the Apollo Lunar Module Eagle on July 20, 1969, at 20:17 UTC, and Armstrong became the first person to step onto the Moon's surface six hours and 39 minutes later, on July 21 at 02:56 UTC. Aldrin joined him 19 minutes later, and they spent about two and a quarter hours together exploring the site they had named Tranquility Base upon landing. Armstrong and Aldrin collected of lunar material to bring back to Earth as pilot Michael Collins flew the Command Module Columbia in lunar orbit, and were on the Moon's surface for 21 hours, 36 minutes before lifting off to rejoin Columbia.
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and, aldrin, and, hours, 16, pilot, the, site, michael, 17, july, in, collins, lunar, utc, tranquility, flew, module, minutes, 1969, july, was, minutes, the, onto, on, landing, they, the, pilot, at, at, commander, upon, neil, minutes, s, lunar, became, aldrin, they, 21, 36, hours, landed, command, armstrong, on, as, american, hours, surface, the, later, person, orbit, bring, to, to, s, him, lunar, moon, 21, two, armstrong, apollo, six, first, humans, 56, buzz, 24, and, columbia, joined, and, first, had, and, armstrong, 39, surface, were, earth, 19, 20, back, exploring, about, that, on, 20, 11, rejoin, 02, moon, quarter, columbia, spent, the, off, named, material, the, the, module, before, collected, lunar, the, july, apollo, step, lifting, of, aldrin, 1969, landed, to, together, a, later, on, module, spaceflight, base, utc, to, and, and, moon, eagle, for
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02, 11, 16, 17, 19, 1969, 1969, 20, 20, 21, 21, 24, 36, 39, 56, a, about, aldrin, aldrin, aldrin, american, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, apollo, apollo, armstrong, armstrong, armstrong, as, at, at, back, base, became, before, bring, buzz, collected, collins, columbia, columbia, command, commander, eagle, earth, exploring, first, first, flew, for, had, him, hours, hours, hours, humans, in, joined, july, july, july, landed, landed, landing, later, later, lifting, lunar, lunar, lunar, lunar, material, michael, minutes, minutes, minutes, module, module, module, moon, moon, moon, named, neil, of, off, on, on, on, on, onto, orbit, person, pilot, pilot, quarter, rejoin, s, s, site, six, spaceflight, spent, step, surface, surface, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, they, they, to, to, to, to, together, tranquility, two, upon, utc, utc, was, were
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a, s, s, 02, 11, 16, 17, 19, 20, 20, 21, 21, 24, 36, 39, 56, as, at, at, in, of, on, on, on, on, to, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, for, had, him, off, six, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, utc, utc, was, 1969, 1969, back, base, buzz, flew, july, july, july, moon, moon, moon, neil, onto, site, step, that, they, they, upon, were, about, bring, eagle, earth, first, first, hours, hours, hours, later, later, lunar, lunar, lunar, lunar, named, orbit, pilot, pilot, spent, aldrin, aldrin, aldrin, apollo, apollo, became, before, humans, joined, landed, landed, module, module, module, person, rejoin, collins, command, landing, lifting, michael, minutes, minutes, minutes, quarter, surface, surface, american, columbia, columbia, material, together, armstrong, armstrong, armstrong, collected, commander, exploring, spaceflight, tranquility
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Apollo 8 (December 21–27, 1968) was the first crewed spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit and the first human spaceflight to reach the Moon. The crew orbited the Moon ten times without landing, and then departed safely back to Earth. These three astronauts—Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders—were the first humans to witness and photograph the far side of the Moon and an Earthrise.
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times, moon, were, spaceflight, side, and, orbited, departed, the, and, landing, to, frank, without, to, the, was, these, low, 21, crew, the, human, witness, the, borman, the, december, spacecraft, james, first, moon, orbit, then, far, apollo, the, 27, william, and, humans, astronauts, the, the, crewed, 1968, anders, leave, moon, 8, and, earthrise, earth, lovell, back, ten, photograph, to, to, earth, first, first, of, reach, safely, an, three, and
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1968, 21, 27, 8, an, and, and, and, and, and, anders, apollo, astronauts, back, borman, crew, crewed, december, departed, earth, earth, earthrise, far, first, first, first, frank, human, humans, james, landing, leave, lovell, low, moon, moon, moon, of, orbit, orbited, photograph, reach, safely, side, spacecraft, spaceflight, ten, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, then, these, three, times, to, to, to, to, was, were, william, without, witness
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8, 21, 27, an, of, to, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, far, low, ten, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, 1968, back, crew, moon, moon, moon, side, then, were, earth, earth, first, first, first, frank, human, james, leave, orbit, reach, these, three, times, anders, apollo, borman, crewed, humans, lovell, safely, landing, orbited, william, without, witness, december, departed, earthrise, astronauts, photograph, spacecraft, spaceflight
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An astronaut (from the Ancient Greek (), meaning 'star', and (), meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member aboard a spacecraft. Although generally reserved for professional space travelers, the term is sometimes applied to anyone who travels into space, including scientists, politicians, journalists, and tourists.
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anyone, from, the, and, applied, space, generally, an, commander, ancient, travels, serve, greek, sailor, a, travelers, spacecraft, person, journalists, to, reserved, term, including, crew, program, a, to, into, is, sometimes, a, as, by, tourists, equipped, meaning, for, spaceflight, aboard, astronaut, politicians, or, professional, is, a, deployed, meaning, member, the, space, who, and, trained, star, although, scientists, human, and
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a, a, a, a, aboard, although, an, ancient, and, and, and, anyone, applied, as, astronaut, by, commander, crew, deployed, equipped, for, from, generally, greek, human, including, into, is, is, journalists, meaning, meaning, member, or, person, politicians, professional, program, reserved, sailor, scientists, serve, sometimes, space, space, spacecraft, spaceflight, star, term, the, the, to, to, tourists, trained, travelers, travels, who
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a, a, a, a, an, as, by, is, is, or, to, to, and, and, and, for, the, the, who, crew, from, into, star, term, greek, human, serve, space, space, aboard, anyone, member, person, sailor, ancient, applied, meaning, meaning, program, trained, travels, although, deployed, equipped, reserved, tourists, astronaut, commander, generally, including, sometimes, travelers, scientists, spacecraft, journalists, politicians, spaceflight, professional
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A Modest Proposal For preventing the Children of Poor People From being a Burthen to Their Parents or Country, and For making them Beneficial to the Publick, commonly referred to as A Modest Proposal, is a Juvenalian satirical essay written and published anonymously by Jonathan Swift in 1729.
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publick, proposal, in, proposal, poor, by, satirical, the, a, a, juvenalian, from, burthen, making, parents, to, for, or, for, people, is, written, published, to, and, their, beneficial, modest, a, swift, as, 1729, essay, commonly, children, referred, modest, being, and, a, country, of, jonathan, preventing, to, them, the, anonymously
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1729, a, a, a, a, and, and, anonymously, as, being, beneficial, burthen, by, children, commonly, country, essay, for, for, from, in, is, jonathan, juvenalian, making, modest, modest, of, or, parents, people, poor, preventing, proposal, proposal, publick, published, referred, satirical, swift, the, the, their, them, to, to, to, written
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a, a, a, a, as, by, in, is, of, or, to, to, to, and, and, for, for, the, the, 1729, from, poor, them, being, essay, swift, their, making, modest, modest, people, burthen, country, parents, publick, written, children, commonly, jonathan, proposal, proposal, referred, published, satirical, beneficial, juvenalian, preventing, anonymously
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The alkali metals consist of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). Together with hydrogen they constitute group 1, which lies in the s-block of the periodic table. All alkali metals have their outermost electron in an s-orbital: this shared electron configuration results in their having very similar characteristic properties. Indeed, the alkali metals provide the best example of group trends in properties in the periodic table, with elements exhibiting well-characterised homologous behaviour. This family of elements is also known as the lithium family after its leading element.
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in, elements, electron, of, provide, its, of, characterised, table, group, indeed, francium, orbital, results, leading, this, properties, rb, the, alkali, li, is, elements, the, similar, the, periodic, na, metals, periodic, sodium, table, characteristic, in, the, also, family, with, of, family, well, having, in, potassium, cs, homologous, behaviour, together, chemical, example, shared, metals, lies, the, with, k, the, electron, 1, group, very, have, after, in, known, element, exhibiting, an, constitute, trends, all, s, and, their, their, s, they, which, rubidium, caesium, the, as, consist, elements, of, fr, alkali, best, block, configuration, properties, lithium, outermost, hydrogen, lithium, the, metals, this, alkali, in
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1, after, alkali, alkali, alkali, all, also, an, and, as, behaviour, best, block, caesium, characterised, characteristic, chemical, configuration, consist, constitute, cs, electron, electron, element, elements, elements, elements, example, exhibiting, family, family, fr, francium, group, group, have, having, homologous, hydrogen, in, in, in, in, in, indeed, is, its, k, known, leading, li, lies, lithium, lithium, metals, metals, metals, na, of, of, of, of, orbital, outermost, periodic, periodic, potassium, properties, properties, provide, rb, results, rubidium, s, s, shared, similar, sodium, table, table, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, their, they, this, this, together, trends, very, well, which, with, with
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1, k, s, s, an, as, cs, fr, in, in, in, in, in, is, li, na, of, of, of, of, rb, all, and, its, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, also, best, have, lies, they, this, this, very, well, with, with, after, block, group, group, known, table, table, their, their, which, alkali, alkali, alkali, family, family, having, indeed, metals, metals, metals, shared, sodium, trends, caesium, consist, element, example, leading, lithium, lithium, orbital, provide, results, similar, chemical, electron, electron, elements, elements, elements, francium, hydrogen, periodic, periodic, rubidium, together, behaviour, outermost, potassium, constitute, exhibiting, homologous, properties, properties, characterised, configuration, characteristic
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An alphabet is a standardized set of basic written graphemes (called letters) representing phonemes, units of sounds that distinguish words, of certain spoken languages. Not all writing systems represent language in this way; in a syllabary, each character represents a syllable, and logographic systems use characters to represent words, morphemes, or other semantic units.
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syllabary, of, all, in, certain, semantic, is, alphabet, basic, called, syllable, or, letters, units, graphemes, systems, sounds, to, written, of, in, each, set, standardized, characters, distinguish, languages, use, logographic, that, a, represent, other, words, character, represents, words, represent, writing, phonemes, units, not, a, an, way, a, of, language, and, representing, this, spoken, morphemes, systems
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a, a, a, all, alphabet, an, and, basic, called, certain, character, characters, distinguish, each, graphemes, in, in, is, language, languages, letters, logographic, morphemes, not, of, of, of, or, other, phonemes, represent, represent, representing, represents, semantic, set, sounds, spoken, standardized, syllabary, syllable, systems, systems, that, this, to, units, units, use, way, words, words, writing, written
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a, a, a, an, in, in, is, of, of, of, or, to, all, and, not, set, use, way, each, that, this, basic, other, units, units, words, words, called, sounds, spoken, certain, letters, systems, systems, writing, written, alphabet, language, phonemes, semantic, syllable, character, graphemes, languages, morphemes, represent, represent, syllabary, characters, represents, distinguish, logographic, representing, standardized
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The atomic number or nuclear charge number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the charge number of an atomic nucleus. For ordinary nuclei composed of protons and neutrons, this is equal to the proton number (np) or the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element. The atomic number can be used to uniquely identify ordinary chemical elements. In an ordinary uncharged atom, the atomic number is also equal to the number of electrons.
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composed, atomic, chemical, this, nuclei, number, or, number, the, the, equal, and, of, to, nucleus, the, number, a, every, ordinary, chemical, found, of, is, of, uniquely, the, the, atomic, identify, the, proton, atomic, ordinary, elements, an, nuclear, atom, of, of, that, for, also, electrons, can, uncharged, is, element, z, an, equal, nucleus, of, or, protons, number, element, to, the, atom, neutrons, be, in, of, atomic, symbol, is, number, number, charge, ordinary, to, protons, number, used, in, the, number, np, charge
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a, also, an, an, and, atom, atom, atomic, atomic, atomic, atomic, be, can, charge, charge, chemical, chemical, composed, electrons, element, element, elements, equal, equal, every, for, found, identify, in, in, is, is, is, neutrons, np, nuclear, nuclei, nucleus, nucleus, number, number, number, number, number, number, number, number, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, ordinary, ordinary, ordinary, proton, protons, protons, symbol, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, this, to, to, to, uncharged, uniquely, used, z
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a, z, an, an, be, in, in, is, is, is, np, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, to, to, to, and, can, for, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, also, atom, atom, that, this, used, equal, equal, every, found, atomic, atomic, atomic, atomic, charge, charge, nuclei, number, number, number, number, number, number, number, number, proton, symbol, element, element, nuclear, nucleus, nucleus, protons, protons, chemical, chemical, composed, elements, identify, neutrons, ordinary, ordinary, ordinary, uniquely, electrons, uncharged
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Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times. Anatomy is inherently tied to developmental biology, embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated, both over immediate and long-term timescales. Anatomy and physiology, which study the structure and function of organisms and their parts respectively, make a natural pair of related disciplines, and are often studied together. Human anatomy is one of the essential basic sciences that are applied in medicine.
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and, are, respectively, of, is, that, are, of, natural, a, science, both, organization, is, of, the, the, of, the, the, sciences, organisms, deals, and, anatomy, organisms, medicine, anatomy, structure, anatomy, evolutionary, anatomy, with, which, that, biology, phylogeny, the, processes, old, anatomy, as, times, applied, long, the, and, over, biology, is, these, of, concerned, basic, tied, living, one, embryology, disciplines, is, developmental, anatomy, science, timescales, natural, human, the, their, having, physiology, which, biology, of, inherently, and, and, of, are, often, parts, study, branch, together, immediate, an, to, prehistoric, pair, make, structural, anatomy, it, and, function, study, essential, branch, is, of, in, things, comparative, is, parts, by, its, generated, in, beginnings, a, and, structure, term, studied, with, related, their
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a, a, an, anatomy, anatomy, anatomy, anatomy, anatomy, anatomy, anatomy, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, applied, are, are, are, as, basic, beginnings, biology, biology, biology, both, branch, branch, by, comparative, concerned, deals, developmental, disciplines, embryology, essential, evolutionary, function, generated, having, human, immediate, in, in, inherently, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, its, living, long, make, medicine, natural, natural, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, often, old, one, organisms, organisms, organization, over, pair, parts, parts, phylogeny, physiology, prehistoric, processes, related, respectively, science, science, sciences, structural, structure, structure, studied, study, study, term, that, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, their, these, things, tied, times, timescales, to, together, which, which, with, with
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a, a, an, as, by, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, are, are, its, old, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, both, long, make, over, pair, term, that, that, tied, with, with, basic, deals, human, often, parts, parts, study, study, their, their, these, times, which, which, branch, branch, having, living, things, anatomy, anatomy, anatomy, anatomy, anatomy, anatomy, anatomy, applied, biology, biology, biology, natural, natural, related, science, science, studied, function, medicine, sciences, together, concerned, essential, generated, immediate, organisms, organisms, phylogeny, processes, structure, structure, beginnings, embryology, inherently, physiology, structural, timescales, comparative, disciplines, prehistoric, evolutionary, organization, respectively, developmental
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In propositional logic, affirming the consequent, sometimes called converse error, fallacy of the converse, or confusion of necessity and sufficiency, is a formal fallacy of taking a true conditional statement (e.g., "if the lamp were broken, then the room would be dark") under certain assumptions (there are no other lights in the room, it is nighttime and the windows are closed), and invalidly inferring its converse ("the room is dark, so the lamp must be broken"), even though that statement may not be true under the same assumptions. This arises when the consequent ("the room would be dark") has other possible antecedents (for example, "the lamp is in working order, but is switched off" or "there is no lamp in the room").
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be, logic, in, true, is, when, sufficiency, statement, broken, room, statement, example, error, affirming, the, the, a, or, order, is, lights, switched, the, would, closed, room, then, propositional, must, would, consequent, if, the, assumptions, sometimes, converse, lamp, the, taking, for, there, converse, may, is, be, fallacy, antecedents, no, room, nighttime, in, inferring, broken, of, is, lamp, dark, formal, consequent, its, the, and, off, invalidly, the, working, room, the, lamp, necessity, this, were, is, windows, of, so, even, that, called, conditional, in, the, and, arises, are, same, certain, under, of, the, confusion, it, possible, dark, g, are, fallacy, is, converse, be, and, e, the, the, be, or, not, other, room, has, dark, the, lamp, there, a, though, but, true, in, under, assumptions, no, other
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a, a, affirming, and, and, and, antecedents, are, are, arises, assumptions, assumptions, be, be, be, be, broken, broken, but, called, certain, closed, conditional, confusion, consequent, consequent, converse, converse, converse, dark, dark, dark, e, error, even, example, fallacy, fallacy, for, formal, g, has, if, in, in, in, in, inferring, invalidly, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, its, lamp, lamp, lamp, lamp, lights, logic, may, must, necessity, nighttime, no, no, not, of, of, of, off, or, or, order, other, other, possible, propositional, room, room, room, room, room, same, so, sometimes, statement, statement, sufficiency, switched, taking, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, then, there, there, this, though, true, true, under, under, were, when, windows, working, would, would
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a, a, e, g, be, be, be, be, if, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, no, no, of, of, of, or, or, so, and, and, and, are, are, but, for, has, its, may, not, off, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, dark, dark, dark, even, lamp, lamp, lamp, lamp, must, room, room, room, room, room, same, that, then, this, true, true, were, when, error, logic, order, other, other, there, there, under, under, would, would, arises, broken, broken, called, closed, formal, lights, taking, though, certain, example, fallacy, fallacy, windows, working, converse, converse, converse, possible, switched, affirming, confusion, inferring, invalidly, necessity, nighttime, sometimes, statement, statement, consequent, consequent, antecedents, assumptions, assumptions, conditional, sufficiency, propositional
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Andrei Arsenyevich Tarkovsky (; 4 April 1932 – 29 December 1986) was a Russian film director and screenwriter. Widely considered one of the greatest and most influential directors in cinema history, Tarkovsky's films explore spiritual and metaphysical themes, and are noted for their slow pacing and long takes, dreamlike visual imagery, and preoccupation with nature and memory.
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and, russian, greatest, noted, and, imagery, director, influential, andrei, 1986, in, and, and, april, a, takes, are, explore, the, cinema, december, one, dreamlike, memory, 29, films, widely, themes, tarkovsky, arsenyevich, most, spiritual, s, long, film, of, metaphysical, visual, and, considered, and, preoccupation, 4, slow, 1932, tarkovsky, history, for, screenwriter, pacing, their, directors, was, and, with, nature
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1932, 1986, 29, 4, a, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, andrei, april, are, arsenyevich, cinema, considered, december, director, directors, dreamlike, explore, film, films, for, greatest, history, imagery, in, influential, long, memory, metaphysical, most, nature, noted, of, one, pacing, preoccupation, russian, s, screenwriter, slow, spiritual, takes, tarkovsky, tarkovsky, the, their, themes, visual, was, widely, with
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4, a, s, 29, in, of, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, for, one, the, was, 1932, 1986, film, long, most, slow, with, april, films, noted, takes, their, andrei, cinema, memory, nature, pacing, themes, visual, widely, explore, history, imagery, russian, december, director, greatest, directors, dreamlike, spiritual, tarkovsky, tarkovsky, considered, arsenyevich, influential, metaphysical, screenwriter, preoccupation
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Ambiguity is the type of meaning in which a phrase, statement, or resolution is not explicitly defined, making several interpretations plausible. A common aspect of ambiguity is uncertainty. It is thus an attribute of any idea or statement whose intended meaning cannot be definitively resolved, according to a rule or process with a finite number of steps. (The prefix ambi- reflects the idea of "two," as in "two meanings.")
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an, two, number, meaning, be, is, or, several, of, process, ambiguity, meanings, idea, is, or, reflects, attribute, meaning, aspect, interpretations, finite, in, the, not, cannot, prefix, of, idea, resolved, as, of, of, uncertainty, explicitly, it, ambi, any, common, of, a, steps, resolution, according, rule, with, in, definitively, two, statement, is, making, type, a, which, a, to, statement, phrase, the, plausible, defined, ambiguity, thus, the, whose, is, intended, a, or
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a, a, a, a, according, ambi, ambiguity, ambiguity, an, any, as, aspect, attribute, be, cannot, common, defined, definitively, explicitly, finite, idea, idea, in, in, intended, interpretations, is, is, is, is, it, making, meaning, meaning, meanings, not, number, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, or, phrase, plausible, prefix, process, reflects, resolution, resolved, rule, several, statement, statement, steps, the, the, the, thus, to, two, two, type, uncertainty, which, whose, with
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a, a, a, a, an, as, be, in, in, is, is, is, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, or, to, any, not, the, the, the, two, two, ambi, idea, idea, rule, thus, type, with, steps, which, whose, aspect, cannot, common, finite, making, number, phrase, prefix, defined, meaning, meaning, process, several, intended, meanings, reflects, resolved, according, ambiguity, ambiguity, attribute, plausible, statement, statement, explicitly, resolution, uncertainty, definitively, interpretations
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Abel is a Biblical figure in the Book of Genesis within Abrahamic religions. He was the younger brother of Cain, and the younger son of Adam and Eve, the first couple in Biblical history. He was a shepherd who offered his firstborn flock up to God as an offering. God accepted his offering but not his brother's. Cain then killed Abel out of jealousy.
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offering, biblical, who, but, brother, brother, a, he, god, of, within, shepherd, and, was, the, his, couple, a, book, his, history, abrahamic, religions, offering, he, first, out, his, accepted, biblical, younger, then, flock, is, not, abel, up, the, figure, genesis, jealousy, the, of, eve, of, as, god, younger, and, in, firstborn, adam, offered, in, the, cain, killed, s, an, to, of, abel, was, cain, son
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a, a, abel, abel, abrahamic, accepted, adam, an, and, and, as, biblical, biblical, book, brother, brother, but, cain, cain, couple, eve, figure, first, firstborn, flock, genesis, god, god, he, he, his, his, his, history, in, in, is, jealousy, killed, not, of, of, of, of, offered, offering, offering, out, religions, s, shepherd, son, the, the, the, the, then, to, up, was, was, who, within, younger, younger
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a, a, s, an, as, he, he, in, in, is, of, of, of, of, to, up, and, and, but, eve, god, god, his, his, his, not, out, son, the, the, the, the, was, was, who, abel, abel, adam, book, cain, cain, then, first, flock, couple, figure, killed, within, brother, brother, genesis, history, offered, younger, younger, accepted, biblical, biblical, jealousy, offering, offering, shepherd, abrahamic, firstborn, religions
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The aardvark ( ; Orycteropus afer) is a medium-sized, burrowing, nocturnal mammal native to Africa. It is the only living species of the order Tubulidentata, although other prehistoric species and genera of Tubulidentata are known. Unlike most other insectivores, it has a long snout, similar to that of a pig, which is used to sniff out food.
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africa, similar, out, the, prehistoric, insectivores, although, of, burrowing, a, most, only, mammal, to, order, is, aardvark, nocturnal, living, species, long, the, a, of, has, afer, tubulidentata, to, food, of, species, it, native, other, a, other, to, is, tubulidentata, known, it, the, orycteropus, snout, unlike, are, sniff, and, medium, used, pig, which, that, is, genera, sized
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a, a, a, aardvark, afer, africa, although, and, are, burrowing, food, genera, has, insectivores, is, is, is, it, it, known, living, long, mammal, medium, most, native, nocturnal, of, of, of, only, order, orycteropus, other, other, out, pig, prehistoric, similar, sized, sniff, snout, species, species, that, the, the, the, to, to, to, tubulidentata, tubulidentata, unlike, used, which
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a, a, a, is, is, is, it, it, of, of, of, to, to, to, and, are, has, out, pig, the, the, the, afer, food, long, most, only, that, used, known, order, other, other, sized, sniff, snout, which, africa, genera, living, mammal, medium, native, unlike, similar, species, species, aardvark, although, burrowing, nocturnal, orycteropus, prehistoric, insectivores, tubulidentata, tubulidentata
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The aardwolf (Proteles cristatus) is an insectivorous species of hyena, native to East and Southern Africa. Its name means "earth-wolf" in Afrikaans and Dutch. It is also called the maanhaar-jackal (Afrikaans for "mane-jackal"), termite-eating hyena and civet hyena, based on its habit of secreting substances from its anal gland, a characteristic shared with the African civet.
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for, of, civet, from, based, name, called, cristatus, afrikaans, and, also, hyena, earth, shared, africa, its, a, and, the, afrikaans, the, civet, mane, is, habit, in, southern, means, it, with, characteristic, native, substances, insectivorous, its, the, hyena, hyena, termite, maanhaar, to, jackal, anal, eating, an, dutch, african, wolf, east, aardwolf, proteles, of, on, its, and, secreting, species, jackal, is, gland
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a, aardwolf, africa, african, afrikaans, afrikaans, also, an, anal, and, and, and, based, called, characteristic, civet, civet, cristatus, dutch, earth, east, eating, for, from, gland, habit, hyena, hyena, hyena, in, insectivorous, is, is, it, its, its, its, jackal, jackal, maanhaar, mane, means, name, native, of, of, on, proteles, secreting, shared, southern, species, substances, termite, the, the, the, to, with, wolf
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a, an, in, is, is, it, of, of, on, to, and, and, and, for, its, its, its, the, the, the, also, anal, east, from, mane, name, with, wolf, based, civet, civet, dutch, earth, gland, habit, hyena, hyena, hyena, means, africa, called, eating, jackal, jackal, native, shared, african, species, termite, aardwolf, maanhaar, proteles, southern, afrikaans, afrikaans, cristatus, secreting, substances, insectivorous, characteristic
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Adobe ( ; ) is a building material made from earth and organic materials. is Spanish for mudbrick. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is used to refer to any kind of earthen construction, or various architectural styles like Pueblo Revival or Territorial Revival. Most adobe buildings are similar in appearance to cob and rammed earth buildings. Adobe is among the earliest building materials, and is used throughout the world.
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in, world, and, made, like, architectural, styles, materials, from, used, term, to, most, southwestern, construction, states, earliest, among, territorial, speaking, mudbrick, earth, earthen, cob, and, is, adobe, rammed, various, or, for, material, buildings, and, such, is, to, united, adobe, some, building, kind, pueblo, the, english, are, spanish, is, revival, earth, is, heritage, in, throughout, refer, building, or, the, the, of, of, as, revival, to, materials, organic, buildings, regions, is, a, used, similar, appearance, any, the, spanish, adobe
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a, adobe, adobe, adobe, among, and, and, and, any, appearance, architectural, are, as, building, building, buildings, buildings, cob, construction, earliest, earth, earth, earthen, english, for, from, heritage, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, kind, like, made, material, materials, materials, most, mudbrick, of, of, or, or, organic, pueblo, rammed, refer, regions, revival, revival, similar, some, southwestern, spanish, spanish, speaking, states, styles, such, term, territorial, the, the, the, the, throughout, to, to, to, united, used, used, various, world
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a, as, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, of, of, or, or, to, to, to, and, and, and, any, are, cob, for, the, the, the, the, from, kind, like, made, most, some, such, term, used, used, adobe, adobe, adobe, among, earth, earth, refer, world, pueblo, rammed, states, styles, united, earthen, english, organic, regions, revival, revival, similar, spanish, spanish, various, building, building, earliest, heritage, material, mudbrick, speaking, buildings, buildings, materials, materials, appearance, throughout, territorial, construction, southwestern, architectural
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An adventure is an exciting experience or undertaking that is typically bold, sometimes risky. Adventures may be activities with danger such as traveling, exploring, skydiving, mountain climbing, scuba diving, river rafting, or other extreme sports. Adventures are often undertaken to create psychological arousal or in order to achieve a greater goal, such as the pursuit of knowledge that can only be obtained by such activities.
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undertaken, a, as, goal, can, exploring, psychological, may, diving, is, danger, by, an, activities, climbing, as, traveling, achieve, with, typically, greater, risky, an, undertaking, pursuit, rafting, is, be, adventure, river, skydiving, mountain, or, bold, exciting, the, activities, create, other, in, such, experience, such, to, arousal, sports, or, adventures, are, only, or, to, obtained, be, knowledge, such, adventures, that, order, of, scuba, sometimes, that, extreme, often
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a, achieve, activities, activities, adventure, adventures, adventures, an, an, are, arousal, as, as, be, be, bold, by, can, climbing, create, danger, diving, exciting, experience, exploring, extreme, goal, greater, in, is, is, knowledge, may, mountain, obtained, of, often, only, or, or, or, order, other, psychological, pursuit, rafting, risky, river, scuba, skydiving, sometimes, sports, such, such, such, that, that, the, to, to, traveling, typically, undertaken, undertaking, with
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a, an, an, as, as, be, be, by, in, is, is, of, or, or, or, to, to, are, can, may, the, bold, goal, only, such, such, such, that, that, with, often, order, other, risky, river, scuba, create, danger, diving, sports, achieve, arousal, extreme, greater, pursuit, rafting, climbing, exciting, mountain, obtained, adventure, exploring, knowledge, skydiving, sometimes, traveling, typically, activities, activities, adventures, adventures, experience, undertaken, undertaking, psychological
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Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometers, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Its 4.7 billion people constitute roughly 60% of the world's population, having more people than all other continents combined.
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million, the, of, world, the, was, covers, 7, more, the, has, continents, in, roughly, s, area, an, the, continent, 44, of, home, the, about, population, majority, combined, asia, human, by, of, of, 8, earth, s, kilometers, many, population, people, square, 4, land, all, more, its, land, largest, total, which, total, constitute, is, continent, surface, world, site, s, than, area, the, both, population, of, and, been, having, area, the, 30, and, billion, first, of, than, earth, long, area, other, to, civilizations, it, the, of, people, 60
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30, 4, 44, 60, 7, 8, about, all, an, and, and, area, area, area, area, asia, been, billion, both, by, civilizations, combined, constitute, continent, continent, continents, covers, earth, earth, first, has, having, home, human, in, is, it, its, kilometers, land, land, largest, long, majority, many, million, more, more, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, other, people, people, population, population, population, roughly, s, s, s, site, square, surface, than, than, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, total, total, was, which, world, world
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4, 7, 8, s, s, s, 30, 44, 60, an, by, in, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, all, and, and, has, its, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, area, area, area, area, asia, been, both, home, land, land, long, many, more, more, site, than, than, about, earth, earth, first, human, other, total, total, which, world, world, covers, having, people, people, square, billion, largest, million, roughly, surface, combined, majority, continent, continent, constitute, continents, kilometers, population, population, population, civilizations
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Aruba ( , or , ), officially the Country of Aruba (; ), is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands physically located in the mid-south of the Caribbean Sea, about north of the Venezuelan peninsula of Paraguaná and northwest of Curaçao. It measures long from its northwestern to its southeastern end and across at its widest point. Together with Bonaire and Curaçao, Aruba forms a group referred to as the ABC islands. Collectively, these and the other three Dutch substantial islands in the Caribbean are often called the Dutch Caribbean, of which Aruba has about one-third of the population. In 1986, it became a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and acquired the formal name the Country of Aruba.
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of, or, referred, and, of, of, often, of, acquired, aruba, third, these, kingdom, as, point, one, the, islands, of, its, islands, forms, bonaire, a, it, group, it, the, curaçao, the, other, netherlands, of, of, the, of, became, a, in, name, aruba, about, southeastern, is, curaçao, its, officially, end, the, abc, venezuelan, are, located, the, country, the, together, netherlands, of, to, of, substantial, mid, and, physically, northwest, dutch, the, its, called, caribbean, caribbean, formal, constituent, country, the, constituent, within, the, sea, country, north, and, with, paraguaná, to, country, kingdom, aruba, population, and, the, the, dutch, of, peninsula, which, and, in, northwestern, the, caribbean, at, aruba, collectively, 1986, the, three, from, aruba, about, south, measures, across, widest, in, the, has, a, long
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1986, a, a, a, abc, about, about, acquired, across, and, and, and, and, and, are, aruba, aruba, aruba, aruba, aruba, as, at, became, bonaire, called, caribbean, caribbean, caribbean, collectively, constituent, constituent, country, country, country, country, curaçao, curaçao, dutch, dutch, end, formal, forms, from, group, has, in, in, in, is, islands, islands, it, it, its, its, its, kingdom, kingdom, located, long, measures, mid, name, netherlands, netherlands, north, northwest, northwestern, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, officially, often, one, or, other, paraguaná, peninsula, physically, point, population, referred, sea, south, southeastern, substantial, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, these, third, three, to, to, together, venezuelan, which, widest, with, within
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a, a, a, as, at, in, in, in, is, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, to, to, abc, and, and, and, and, and, are, end, has, its, its, its, mid, one, sea, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, 1986, from, long, name, with, about, about, aruba, aruba, aruba, aruba, aruba, dutch, dutch, forms, group, north, often, other, point, south, these, third, three, which, across, became, called, formal, widest, within, bonaire, country, country, country, country, curaçao, curaçao, islands, islands, kingdom, kingdom, located, acquired, measures, referred, together, caribbean, caribbean, caribbean, northwest, paraguaná, peninsula, officially, physically, population, venezuelan, constituent, constituent, netherlands, netherlands, substantial, collectively, northwestern, southeastern
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The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union was an agreement among the 13 states of the United States, formerly the Thirteen Colonies, that served as the nation's first frame of government. It was debated by the Second Continental Congress at Independence Hall in Philadelphia between July 1776 and November 1777, and finalized by the Congress on November 15, 1777. It came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 colonial states. A guiding principle of the Articles was the establishment and preservation of the independence and sovereignty of the states. The Articles consciously established a weak central government, affording it only those powers the former colonies had recognized as belonging to king and parliament. The document provided clearly written rules for how the states' league of friendship, known as the Perpetual Union, would be organized.
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at, clearly, known, league, of, first, rules, sovereignty, recognized, by, a, ratified, established, between, the, the, provided, 13, november, the, was, states, establishment, the, 1777, document, principle, preservation, government, the, of, s, by, served, confederation, frame, the, states, articles, it, philadelphia, king, had, among, independence, written, friendship, and, perpetual, union, debated, belonging, guiding, force, the, former, the, and, formerly, 13, weak, nation, july, of, of, 1776, november, articles, all, the, 1781, the, agreement, of, 1, organized, union, of, as, thirteen, perpetual, 1777, congress, parliament, and, states, in, second, be, government, the, states, after, an, finalized, the, continental, and, as, central, the, it, colonies, that, articles, those, a, consciously, united, powers, on, into, colonies, how, and, was, the, states, hall, as, it, the, being, congress, only, the, march, independence, affording, came, by, for, to, of, on, 15, and, was, colonial, would
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1, 13, 13, 15, 1776, 1777, 1777, 1781, a, a, affording, after, agreement, all, among, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, articles, articles, articles, as, as, as, at, be, being, belonging, between, by, by, by, came, central, clearly, colonial, colonies, colonies, confederation, congress, congress, consciously, continental, debated, document, established, establishment, finalized, first, for, force, former, formerly, frame, friendship, government, government, guiding, had, hall, how, in, independence, independence, into, it, it, it, july, king, known, league, march, nation, november, november, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, only, organized, parliament, perpetual, perpetual, philadelphia, powers, preservation, principle, provided, ratified, recognized, rules, s, second, served, sovereignty, states, states, states, states, states, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, thirteen, those, to, union, union, united, was, was, was, weak, would, written
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1, a, a, s, 13, 13, 15, an, as, as, as, at, be, by, by, by, in, it, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, to, all, and, and, and, and, and, and, for, had, how, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, was, 1776, 1777, 1777, 1781, came, hall, into, july, king, only, that, weak, after, among, being, first, force, frame, known, march, rules, those, union, union, would, former, league, nation, powers, second, served, states, states, states, states, states, united, between, central, clearly, debated, guiding, written, articles, articles, articles, colonial, colonies, colonies, congress, congress, document, formerly, november, november, provided, ratified, thirteen, affording, agreement, belonging, finalized, organized, perpetual, perpetual, principle, friendship, government, government, parliament, recognized, consciously, continental, established, sovereignty, independence, independence, philadelphia, preservation, confederation, establishment
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The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the "Old World" of Africa, Europe, and Asia from the "New World" of the Americas in the European perception of the World.
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of, with, in, and, of, about, surface, of, five, from, the, 24, new, the, africa, an, atlantic, and, the, old, americas, known, area, the, separate, ocean, oceans, the, earth, its, the, s, the, of, largest, world, approximately, of, perception, covers, european, about, it, world, is, second, water, surface, s, is, area, of, europe, world, the, asia, to, of, it, 17, world
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17, 24, about, about, africa, americas, an, and, and, approximately, area, area, asia, atlantic, covers, earth, europe, european, five, from, in, is, is, it, it, its, known, largest, new, ocean, oceans, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, old, perception, s, s, second, separate, surface, surface, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, water, with, world, world, world, world
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s, s, 17, 24, an, in, is, is, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, and, and, its, new, old, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, area, area, asia, five, from, with, about, about, earth, known, ocean, water, world, world, world, world, africa, covers, europe, oceans, second, largest, surface, surface, americas, atlantic, european, separate, perception, approximately
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Arthur Schopenhauer ( , ; 22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher. He is best known for his 1818 work The World as Will and Representation (expanded in 1844), which characterizes the phenomenal world as the manifestation of a blind and irrational noumenal will. Building on the transcendental idealism of Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), Schopenhauer developed an atheistic metaphysical and ethical system that rejected the contemporaneous ideas of German idealism. He was among the first thinkers in Western philosophy to share and affirm significant tenets of Indian philosophy, such as asceticism, denial of the self, and the notion of the world-as-appearance. His work has been described as an exemplary manifestation of philosophical pessimism. Though his work failed to garner substantial attention during his lifetime, Schopenhauer had a posthumous impact across various disciplines, including philosophy, literature, and science. His writing on aesthetics, morality, and psychology have influenced many thinkers and artists.
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world, the, idealism, work, literature, ethical, as, the, aesthetics, first, and, schopenhauer, of, german, and, and, and, notion, the, have, 1818, of, work, across, blind, irrational, of, an, a, the, on, world, been, science, psychology, 1788, german, philosophy, will, writing, and, of, will, as, the, and, lifetime, asceticism, as, such, is, had, philosophy, his, schopenhauer, of, 1804, to, denial, indian, immanuel, described, morality, noumenal, schopenhauer, september, february, for, western, an, as, impact, rejected, philosopher, representation, atheistic, was, phenomenal, characterizes, various, he, a, work, of, ideas, thinkers, manifestation, attention, arthur, many, expanded, 1724, world, the, in, was, self, garner, has, posthumous, philosophy, manifestation, 22, idealism, 1844, tenets, which, affirm, metaphysical, pessimism, transcendental, a, his, to, system, share, among, thinkers, of, kant, exemplary, he, 1860, as, philosophical, in, on, his, 21, and, including, contemporaneous, his, during, best, his, disciplines, influenced, the, artists, though, substantial, the, and, the, developed, that, known, building, failed, appearance, significant
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1724, 1788, 1804, 1818, 1844, 1860, 21, 22, a, a, a, across, aesthetics, affirm, among, an, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, appearance, arthur, artists, as, as, as, as, as, asceticism, atheistic, attention, been, best, blind, building, characterizes, contemporaneous, denial, described, developed, disciplines, during, ethical, exemplary, expanded, failed, february, first, for, garner, german, german, had, has, have, he, he, his, his, his, his, his, idealism, idealism, ideas, immanuel, impact, in, in, including, indian, influenced, irrational, is, kant, known, lifetime, literature, manifestation, manifestation, many, metaphysical, morality, notion, noumenal, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, pessimism, phenomenal, philosopher, philosophical, philosophy, philosophy, philosophy, posthumous, psychology, rejected, representation, schopenhauer, schopenhauer, schopenhauer, science, self, september, share, significant, substantial, such, system, tenets, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, thinkers, thinkers, though, to, to, transcendental, various, was, was, western, which, will, will, work, work, work, world, world, world, writing
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a, a, a, 21, 22, an, an, as, as, as, as, as, he, he, in, in, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, for, had, has, his, his, his, his, his, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, 1724, 1788, 1804, 1818, 1844, 1860, been, best, have, kant, many, self, such, that, will, will, work, work, work, among, blind, first, ideas, known, share, which, world, world, world, across, affirm, arthur, denial, during, failed, garner, german, german, impact, indian, notion, system, tenets, though, artists, ethical, science, various, western, writing, building, expanded, february, idealism, idealism, immanuel, lifetime, morality, noumenal, rejected, thinkers, thinkers, atheistic, attention, described, developed, exemplary, including, pessimism, september, aesthetics, appearance, asceticism, influenced, irrational, literature, phenomenal, philosophy, philosophy, philosophy, posthumous, psychology, disciplines, philosopher, significant, substantial, metaphysical, schopenhauer, schopenhauer, schopenhauer, characterizes, manifestation, manifestation, philosophical, representation, transcendental, contemporaneous
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Angola ( ; ; , ), officially the Republic of Angola (), is a country on the west-central coast of Southern Africa. It is the second-largest Lusophone (Portuguese-speaking) country in both total area and population (behind Brazil in both cases), and is the seventh-largest country in Africa. It is bordered by Namibia to the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Zambia to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Angola has an exclave province, the province of Cabinda, that borders the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The capital and most populous city is Luanda.
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bordered, is, the, south, is, the, portuguese, cabinda, area, seventh, behind, province, cases, africa, speaking, officially, in, and, the, congo, coast, republic, and, the, it, angola, both, of, angola, a, that, exclave, country, populous, the, north, central, in, it, the, and, total, the, borders, of, in, to, congo, southern, second, republic, population, the, the, has, the, luanda, is, lusophone, and, the, the, congo, both, ocean, largest, zambia, an, democratic, west, of, capital, namibia, to, the, is, west, province, the, of, most, republic, angola, country, country, to, of, atlantic, brazil, east, and, is, of, africa, to, the, city, on, democratic, largest, the, by, republic, the
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a, africa, africa, an, and, and, and, and, and, angola, angola, angola, area, atlantic, behind, bordered, borders, both, both, brazil, by, cabinda, capital, cases, central, city, coast, congo, congo, congo, country, country, country, democratic, democratic, east, exclave, has, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, it, it, largest, largest, luanda, lusophone, most, namibia, north, ocean, of, of, of, of, of, of, officially, on, population, populous, portuguese, province, province, republic, republic, republic, republic, second, seventh, south, southern, speaking, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, to, to, to, total, west, west, zambia
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a, an, by, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, to, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, has, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, area, both, both, city, east, most, that, west, west, cases, coast, congo, congo, congo, north, ocean, south, total, africa, africa, angola, angola, angola, behind, brazil, luanda, second, zambia, borders, cabinda, capital, central, country, country, country, exclave, largest, largest, namibia, seventh, atlantic, bordered, populous, province, province, republic, republic, republic, republic, southern, speaking, lusophone, democratic, democratic, officially, population, portuguese
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The current political regime in Angola is presidentialism, in which the President of the Republic is also head of state and government; it is advised by a Council of Ministers, which together with the President form the national executive power. Legislative power rests with the 220 parliamentarians elected to the National Assembly. The President of the Republic, together with the parliament, appoints the majority of the members of the two highest bodies of the judiciary, that is, the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court. The judiciary is still made up of the Court of Auditors and the Supreme Military Court.
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the, court, and, the, power, president, the, the, court, auditors, the, is, together, executive, the, the, president, with, rests, of, which, judiciary, judiciary, the, a, the, the, power, court, angola, appoints, council, the, president, members, republic, the, of, of, to, of, highest, political, still, republic, ministers, and, and, 220, which, presidentialism, current, parliament, parliamentarians, national, with, by, national, supreme, constitutional, court, the, in, regime, is, bodies, also, military, advised, is, is, majority, of, of, is, head, in, it, state, the, the, assembly, of, with, up, of, government, the, that, made, the, together, two, of, legislative, the, supreme, elected, form, the
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220, a, advised, also, and, and, and, angola, appoints, assembly, auditors, bodies, by, constitutional, council, court, court, court, court, current, elected, executive, form, government, head, highest, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, it, judiciary, judiciary, legislative, made, majority, members, military, ministers, national, national, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, parliament, parliamentarians, political, power, power, president, president, president, presidentialism, regime, republic, republic, rests, state, still, supreme, supreme, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, together, together, two, up, which, which, with, with, with
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a, by, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, up, 220, and, and, and, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, also, form, head, made, that, with, with, with, court, court, court, court, power, power, rests, state, still, which, which, angola, bodies, regime, advised, council, current, elected, highest, members, supreme, supreme, appoints, assembly, auditors, majority, military, national, national, republic, republic, together, together, executive, judiciary, judiciary, ministers, political, president, president, president, government, parliament, legislative, constitutional, presidentialism, parliamentarians
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The economy of Angola remains heavily influenced by the effects of four decades of conflict in the last part of the 20th century, the war for independence from Portugal (1961–75) and the subsequent civil war (1975–2002). Despite extensive oil and gas resources, diamonds, hydroelectric potential, and rich agricultural land, Angola remains poor, and a third of the population relies on subsistence agriculture. Since 2002, when the 27-year civil war ended, government policy prioritized the repair and improvement of infrastructure and strengthening of political and social institutions. During the first decade of the 21st century, Angola's economy was one of the fastest-growing in the world, with reported annual average GDP growth of 11.1 percent from 2001 to 2010. High international oil prices and rising oil production contributed to strong economic growth, although with high inequality, at that time.
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the, with, during, rising, production, strong, part, contributed, at, angola, 75, independence, and, annual, the, high, decade, repair, decades, 11, subsequent, growth, influenced, relies, the, when, oil, agriculture, by, civil, inequality, growth, the, policy, portugal, century, the, on, poor, of, since, century, year, first, government, remains, 27, from, effects, 21st, of, war, with, infrastructure, 1961, conflict, oil, of, economic, although, and, angola, of, resources, agricultural, prioritized, of, s, the, the, economy, improvement, and, oil, subsistence, and, the, 1, potential, and, strengthening, diamonds, of, that, 1975, one, of, institutions, for, 2001, reported, land, rich, prices, 2002, international, in, economy, world, despite, 2010, hydroelectric, to, and, war, a, remains, social, third, the, four, the, heavily, growing, last, the, percent, ended, extensive, of, angola, population, and, fastest, gdp, 2002, to, time, political, was, gas, of, the, civil, 20th, war, of, the, in, high, and, average, from
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1, 11, 1961, 1975, 2001, 2002, 2002, 2010, 20th, 21st, 27, 75, a, agricultural, agriculture, although, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, angola, angola, angola, annual, at, average, by, century, century, civil, civil, conflict, contributed, decade, decades, despite, diamonds, during, economic, economy, economy, effects, ended, extensive, fastest, first, for, four, from, from, gas, gdp, government, growing, growth, growth, heavily, high, high, hydroelectric, improvement, in, in, independence, inequality, influenced, infrastructure, institutions, international, land, last, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, oil, oil, oil, on, one, part, percent, policy, political, poor, population, portugal, potential, prices, prioritized, production, relies, remains, remains, repair, reported, resources, rich, rising, s, since, social, strengthening, strong, subsequent, subsistence, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, third, time, to, to, war, war, war, was, when, with, with, world, year
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1, a, s, 11, 27, 75, at, by, in, in, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, for, gas, gdp, oil, oil, oil, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, war, war, war, was, 1961, 1975, 2001, 2002, 2002, 2010, 20th, 21st, four, from, from, high, high, land, last, part, poor, rich, that, time, when, with, with, year, civil, civil, ended, first, since, third, world, angola, angola, angola, annual, decade, during, growth, growth, policy, prices, relies, repair, rising, social, strong, average, century, century, decades, despite, economy, economy, effects, fastest, growing, heavily, percent, remains, remains, although, conflict, diamonds, economic, portugal, reported, extensive, political, potential, resources, government, inequality, influenced, population, production, subsequent, agriculture, contributed, improvement, prioritized, subsistence, agricultural, independence, institutions, hydroelectric, international, strengthening, infrastructure
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The Angolan Armed Forces () or FAA is the military of Angola. The FAA consist of the Angolan Army (), the Angolan Navy () and the National Air Force of Angola (). Reported total manpower in 2021 was about 107,000. The FAA is headed by the Chief of the General Staff António Egídio de Sousa Santos since 2018, who reports to the minister of National Defense, currently João Ernesto dos Santos.
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force, air, angolan, the, the, santos, consist, antónio, about, of, forces, staff, of, the, 2018, to, angolan, the, egídio, and, manpower, by, 000, the, sousa, was, faa, faa, army, national, the, who, in, the, chief, since, santos, the, total, 2021, the, navy, de, general, reported, angola, ernesto, dos, of, angola, headed, currently, reports, national, faa, the, minister, is, is, or, armed, joão, angolan, of, of, 107, military, defense
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000, 107, 2018, 2021, about, air, and, angola, angola, angolan, angolan, angolan, antónio, armed, army, by, chief, consist, currently, de, defense, dos, egídio, ernesto, faa, faa, faa, force, forces, general, headed, in, is, is, joão, manpower, military, minister, national, national, navy, of, of, of, of, of, or, reported, reports, santos, santos, since, sousa, staff, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, total, was, who
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by, de, in, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, or, to, 000, 107, air, and, dos, faa, faa, faa, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, who, 2018, 2021, army, joão, navy, about, armed, chief, force, since, sousa, staff, total, angola, angola, egídio, forces, headed, santos, santos, angolan, angolan, angolan, antónio, consist, defense, ernesto, general, reports, manpower, military, minister, national, national, reported, currently
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The foreign relations of Angola are based on Angola's strong support of U.S. foreign policy as the Angolan economy is dependent on U.S. foreign aid.
From 1975 to 1989, Angola was aligned with the Eastern bloc, in particular the Soviet Union, Libya, and Cuba. Since then, it has focused on improving relationships with Western countries, cultivating links with other Portuguese-speaking countries, and asserting its own national interests in Central Africa through military and diplomatic intervention. In 1993, it established formal diplomatic relations with the United States. It has entered the Southern African Development Community as a vehicle for improving ties with its largely Anglophone neighbors to the south. Zimbabwe and Namibia joined Angola in its military intervention in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where Angolan troops remain in support of the Joseph Kabila government. It also has intervened in the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) in support of Denis Sassou-Nguesso in the civil war.
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the, military, in, zimbabwe, support, largely, cuba, military, the, relationships, development, the, is, a, aid, formal, the, soviet, congo, south, also, denis, from, democratic, government, on, as, particular, other, established, joined, civil, its, as, aligned, cultivating, anglophone, nguesso, countries, national, the, african, eastern, of, through, the, intervention, support, in, namibia, policy, intervention, are, with, the, africa, republic, the, with, war, angolan, central, in, support, own, on, troops, states, of, the, it, libya, diplomatic, u, of, southern, relations, of, links, angola, community, remain, 1989, neighbors, the, in, and, united, with, interests, it, joseph, congo, western, diplomatic, it, its, to, its, the, where, angola, 1975, asserting, and, focused, then, it, entered, bloc, republic, s, in, for, kabila, u, dependent, angolan, speaking, improving, since, has, improving, relations, angola, sassou, of, with, brazzaville, the, economy, intervened, has, foreign, countries, and, angola, on, has, based, vehicle, in, in, was, foreign, portuguese, union, 1993, in, with, to, s, s, in, ties, strong, of, foreign, and, the
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1975, 1989, 1993, a, africa, african, aid, aligned, also, and, and, and, and, anglophone, angola, angola, angola, angola, angolan, angolan, are, as, as, asserting, based, bloc, brazzaville, central, civil, community, congo, congo, countries, countries, cuba, cultivating, democratic, denis, dependent, development, diplomatic, diplomatic, eastern, economy, entered, established, focused, for, foreign, foreign, foreign, formal, from, government, has, has, has, improving, improving, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, interests, intervened, intervention, intervention, is, it, it, it, it, its, its, its, joined, joseph, kabila, largely, libya, links, military, military, namibia, national, neighbors, nguesso, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, on, other, own, particular, policy, portuguese, relations, relations, relationships, remain, republic, republic, s, s, s, sassou, since, south, southern, soviet, speaking, states, strong, support, support, support, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, then, through, ties, to, to, troops, u, u, union, united, vehicle, war, was, western, where, with, with, with, with, with, zimbabwe
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a, s, s, s, u, u, as, as, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, it, it, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, on, to, to, aid, and, and, and, and, are, for, has, has, has, its, its, its, own, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, war, was, 1975, 1989, 1993, also, bloc, cuba, from, then, ties, with, with, with, with, with, based, civil, congo, congo, denis, libya, links, other, since, south, union, where, africa, angola, angola, angola, angola, formal, joined, joseph, kabila, policy, remain, sassou, soviet, states, strong, troops, united, african, aligned, angolan, angolan, central, eastern, economy, entered, focused, foreign, foreign, foreign, largely, namibia, nguesso, support, support, support, through, vehicle, western, military, military, national, republic, republic, southern, speaking, zimbabwe, asserting, community, countries, countries, dependent, improving, improving, interests, neighbors, relations, relations, anglophone, democratic, diplomatic, diplomatic, government, intervened, particular, portuguese, brazzaville, cultivating, development, established, intervention, intervention, relationships
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Albert Sidney Johnston (February 2, 1803 – April 6, 1862) served as a general in three different armies: the Texian Army, the United States Army, and the Confederate States Army. He saw extensive combat during his 34-year military career, fighting actions in the Black Hawk War, the Texas-Indian Wars, the Mexican–American War, the Utah War, and the American Civil War.
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2, civil, and, armies, army, army, the, utah, the, three, saw, albert, states, military, and, year, texian, during, war, the, april, 34, sidney, fighting, 6, war, extensive, states, he, indian, in, the, black, 1862, the, the, served, general, combat, 1803, united, in, different, hawk, wars, the, war, the, career, johnston, texas, actions, american, confederate, army, mexican, war, american, february, as, his, a
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1803, 1862, 2, 34, 6, a, actions, albert, american, american, and, and, april, armies, army, army, army, as, black, career, civil, combat, confederate, different, during, extensive, february, fighting, general, hawk, he, his, in, in, indian, johnston, mexican, military, saw, served, sidney, states, states, texas, texian, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, three, united, utah, war, war, war, war, wars, year
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2, 6, a, 34, as, he, in, in, and, and, his, saw, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, war, war, war, war, 1803, 1862, army, army, army, hawk, utah, wars, year, april, black, civil, texas, three, albert, armies, career, combat, during, indian, served, sidney, states, states, texian, united, actions, general, mexican, american, american, february, fighting, johnston, military, different, extensive, confederate
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An android is a humanoid robot or other artificial being often made from a flesh-like material. Historically, androids were completely within the domain of science fiction and frequently seen in film and television, but advances in robot technology now allow the design of functional and realistic humanoid robots.
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fiction, advances, or, domain, other, made, humanoid, frequently, from, realistic, being, androids, and, robot, a, within, allow, technology, in, of, the, android, material, design, robots, humanoid, and, science, the, is, often, seen, an, in, were, a, functional, flesh, completely, historically, like, but, television, robot, and, film, artificial, of, now
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a, a, advances, allow, an, and, and, and, android, androids, artificial, being, but, completely, design, domain, fiction, film, flesh, frequently, from, functional, historically, humanoid, humanoid, in, in, is, like, made, material, now, of, of, often, or, other, realistic, robot, robot, robots, science, seen, technology, television, the, the, were, within
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a, a, an, in, in, is, of, of, or, and, and, and, but, now, the, the, film, from, like, made, seen, were, allow, being, flesh, often, other, robot, robot, design, domain, robots, within, android, fiction, science, advances, androids, humanoid, humanoid, material, realistic, artificial, completely, frequently, functional, technology, television, historically
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Alberta ( ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is a part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the U.S. state of Montana to the south. It is one of the only two landlocked provinces in Canada, with Saskatchewan being the other. The eastern part of the province is occupied by the Great Plains, while the western part borders the Rocky Mountains. The province has a predominantly continental climate but experiences quick temperature changes due to air aridity. Seasonal temperature swings are less pronounced in western Alberta due to occasional Chinook winds.
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of, the, south, of, province, territories, northwest, to, occasional, in, east, three, s, but, canada, columbia, a, north, temperature, british, to, alberta, to, western, part, and, to, the, air, of, the, western, the, borders, the, being, one, less, the, of, and, provinces, pronounced, chinook, to, with, swings, changes, is, of, saskatchewan, west, only, aridity, experiences, alberta, u, the, by, thirteen, in, landlocked, rocky, canada, great, one, province, it, due, seasonal, state, other, continental, temperature, the, canada, it, predominantly, eastern, the, provinces, is, alberta, mountains, a, climate, due, saskatchewan, the, is, has, while, by, the, territories, to, is, western, the, part, quick, provinces, is, the, is, of, one, prairie, two, the, montana, winds, plains, occupied, and, are, the, of, the, bordered, part
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a, a, air, alberta, alberta, alberta, and, and, and, are, aridity, being, bordered, borders, british, but, by, by, canada, canada, canada, changes, chinook, climate, columbia, continental, due, due, east, eastern, experiences, great, has, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, it, landlocked, less, montana, mountains, north, northwest, occasional, occupied, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, one, one, one, only, other, part, part, part, plains, prairie, predominantly, pronounced, province, province, provinces, provinces, provinces, quick, rocky, s, saskatchewan, saskatchewan, seasonal, south, state, swings, temperature, temperature, territories, territories, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, thirteen, three, to, to, to, to, to, to, two, u, west, western, western, western, while, winds, with
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a, a, s, u, by, by, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, to, to, to, to, to, air, and, and, and, are, but, due, due, has, one, one, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, east, less, only, part, part, part, west, with, being, great, north, other, quick, rocky, south, state, three, while, winds, canada, canada, canada, plains, swings, alberta, alberta, alberta, aridity, borders, british, changes, chinook, climate, eastern, montana, prairie, western, western, western, bordered, columbia, occupied, province, province, seasonal, thirteen, mountains, northwest, provinces, provinces, provinces, landlocked, occasional, pronounced, continental, experiences, temperature, temperature, territories, territories, saskatchewan, saskatchewan, predominantly
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Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called because of their lightly built fins made of webs of skin supported by radially extended bony spines, as opposed to the bulkier, fleshy lobed fins of the sister class Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish). Resembling folding fans, the actinopterygian fins can change shape and wetted area easily, providing superior thrust-to-weight ratios per movement compared to sarcopterygian and chondrichthyian fins. The fin rays attach directly to the proximal or basal skeletal elements, the radials, which represent the articulation between these fins and the internal skeleton (e.g., pelvic and pectoral girdles).
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known, comprise, living, pectoral, and, fans, internal, ratios, 50, of, of, to, radials, articulation, rays, weight, called, they, the, bulkier, fins, because, class, lobe, of, can, skeletal, made, providing, fins, species, fins, the, directly, actinopterygian, class, to, area, of, are, movement, the, these, the, sarcopterygian, as, fish, fleshy, fin, folding, skin, by, vertebrate, webs, the, per, lightly, girdles, fins, is, of, spines, represent, and, e, bony, which, actinopterygians, compared, sarcopterygii, proximal, to, built, that, the, fins, to, basal, the, finned, sister, so, and, finned, between, shape, their, pelvic, wetted, a, opposed, elements, bony, and, which, actinopterygii, members, of, or, are, lobed, resembling, change, the, fish, thrust, fish, as, g, ray, supported, over, attach, or, easily, chondrichthyian, of, radially, skeleton, extended, superior
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50, a, actinopterygian, actinopterygians, actinopterygii, and, and, and, and, are, are, area, articulation, as, as, attach, basal, because, between, bony, bony, built, bulkier, by, called, can, change, chondrichthyian, class, class, compared, comprise, directly, e, easily, elements, extended, fans, fin, finned, finned, fins, fins, fins, fins, fins, fish, fish, fish, fleshy, folding, g, girdles, internal, is, known, lightly, living, lobe, lobed, made, members, movement, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, opposed, or, or, over, pectoral, pelvic, per, providing, proximal, radially, radials, ratios, ray, rays, represent, resembling, sarcopterygian, sarcopterygii, shape, sister, skeletal, skeleton, skin, so, species, spines, superior, supported, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, their, these, they, thrust, to, to, to, to, vertebrate, webs, weight, wetted, which, which
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a, e, g, 50, as, as, by, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, so, to, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, are, are, can, fin, per, ray, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, area, bony, bony, fans, fins, fins, fins, fins, fins, fish, fish, fish, lobe, made, over, rays, skin, that, they, webs, basal, built, class, class, known, lobed, shape, their, these, which, which, attach, called, change, easily, finned, finned, fleshy, living, pelvic, ratios, sister, spines, thrust, weight, wetted, because, between, bulkier, folding, girdles, lightly, members, opposed, radials, species, compared, comprise, directly, elements, extended, internal, movement, pectoral, proximal, radially, skeletal, skeleton, superior, providing, represent, supported, resembling, vertebrate, articulation, sarcopterygii, actinopterygii, sarcopterygian, actinopterygian, chondrichthyian, actinopterygians
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SyReC: The Syntactic Reconstruction Corpus
Dataset Description
SyReC (Syntactic Reconstruction Corpus) is a large-scale, synthetically generated dataset designed to benchmark and train language models on the task of syntactic and semantic reconstruction. The core challenge presented by this dataset is to reconstruct a coherent, grammatically correct paragraph from a "bag of words"—a collection of its constituent words that have been deliberately stripped of their original order.
The dataset is built to test and enhance a model's deep understanding of syntax, semantic relationships, and logical flow, moving beyond simple next-token prediction to a more holistic, structural comprehension of language. By training on SyReC, models can learn to infer grammatical structure and narrative coherence from a fixed set of semantic tokens, a skill crucial for advanced tasks like high-fidelity summarization, data grounding, and complex instruction following.
This version of SyReC was generated exclusively from the wikimedia/wikipedia (20231101.en) dataset.
How the Data is Generated
The dataset was created using an automated pipeline with the following steps:
- Source Text Extraction: Paragraphs are streamed from the English Wikipedia dataset (
wikimedia/wikipedia,20231101.enconfig). - Filtering: Only paragraphs between 250 and 2000 characters are selected to ensure substantive yet manageable content.
- Tokenization: Each paragraph is tokenized into a list of its constituent words, and all words are converted to lowercase. Punctuation is discarded.
- Scrambling: The list of words is then scrambled using three distinct methods to create a diverse set of inputs for each original text.
- Formatting: The original text and its scrambled versions are saved as a JSONL file.
Data Fields
Each record in the dataset is a JSON object with the following fields:
original_text: (string) The original, coherent paragraph from Wikipedia. This serves as the ground truth for reconstruction.scrambled_text_random: (string) A comma-separated string of the words from the original text, shuffled into a completely random order.scrambled_text_alphabetical: (string) A comma-separated string of the words from the original text, sorted in alphabetical order.scrambled_text_numerical: (string) A comma-separated string of the words from the original text, sorted by word length (shortest to longest), with alphabetical sorting for words of the same length.
Example Record
{
"original_text": "The path of an object through space is called its orbit. Kepler initially assumed that the orbits of planets were circles, but doing so did not allow him to find orbits that were consistent with Brahe’s observations. Working with the data for Mars, he eventually discovered that the orbit of that planet had the shape of a somewhat flattened circle, or ellipse. Next to the circle, the ellipse is the simplest kind of closed curve, belonging to a family of curves known as conic sections.",
"scrambled_text_random": "initially, observations, the, a, kepler, had, his, he, to, conic, belonging, that, find, did, of, the, of, ellipse, eventually, planet, but, of, simplest, an, orbit, a, curves, of, with, is, a, to, were, orbits, the, somewhat, path, known, closed, allow, next, as, the, that, were, sections, flattened, with, mars, a, him, so, not, data, doing, family, planets, its, through, discovered, consistent, called, orbit, the, for, circle, assumed, working, shape, circles, kind, ellipse, space, the, is, object, curve, brahe’s",
"scrambled_text_alphabetical": "a, a, a, a, a, allow, an, as, assumed, belonging, brahe’s, but, called, circle, circle, circles, closed, conic, consistent, curve, curves, data, did, discovered, doing, ellipse, ellipse, eventually, family, find, flattened, for, had, he, him, his, initially, is, is, its, kepler, kind, known, mars, next, not, object, observations, of, of, of, of, orbit, orbit, orbits, path, planet, planets, sections, shape, simplest, so, somewhat, space, that, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, through, to, to, were, were, with, with, working",
"scrambled_text_numerical": "a, a, a, a, a, an, as, but, did, for, had, he, him, his, is, is, its, not, of, of, of, of, so, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, to, allow, call, curve, data, doing, find, kind, mars, next, path, shape, were, were, with, with, closed, conic, circle, curves, ellipse, family, kepler, object, orbits, planet, space, working, assumed, brahe’s, circles, planets, sections, simplest, flattened, consistent, discovered, initially, somewhat, belonging, observations"
}
Intended Use
This dataset is primarily intended for fine-tuning language models to perform the syntactic reconstruction task. By training a model to predict the original_text from one of the scrambled_text_* fields, you can teach it to:
- Improve its understanding of English syntax and grammar.
- Strengthen its ability to maintain context and logical flow.
- Enhance its "source grounding" capabilities for RAG and fact-checking tasks.
- Follow complex, constrained instructions more reliably.
It can also be used as a benchmark to evaluate the zero-shot reasoning and reconstruction capabilities of existing language models.
Limitations and Bias
- Source Bias: As the dataset is derived entirely from English Wikipedia, it inherits any biases present in the source material, including its writing style, topical coverage, and cultural perspective.
- Lack of Punctuation: The scrambled inputs do not contain punctuation, forcing the model to infer it. This is an intended part of the challenge but may not be suitable for all use cases.
- Monolingual: This version of the dataset is exclusively in English.
Citation
If you use this dataset in your research, please consider citing the original Wikipedia source and this project.
@misc{syrec_dataset_2025,
author = {[ambrosfitz]},
title = {SyReC: The Syntactic Reconstruction Corpus},
year = {2025},
publisher = {Hugging Face},
url = {[https://huggingface.co/datasets/ambrosfitz/SyReC]}
}
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