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Call: 479.244.5942 | Reservation
The Mountaineer
The Elk Lodge
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The Hideaway
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Eureka Springs, AR
Ozark Outdoor Activities
The Cinnamon Valley / Eureka Springs, AR
Eureka Springs, Arkansas was built on the healing reputation of its numerous mountainside springs. Named by its settlers in 1897, the village experienced rapid growth as its visitors became its citizens. All who came and contributed to the area's population believed the natural spring waters possessed the cure they were looking for and would put them on the road to recovery. As a world renowned health resort of the Victorian era, Eureka Springs lived a long life in a short time before the wheels of world commerce broke down in 1929 and the city was lost to the remote backwoods of the Ozark Mountains.
Today, partially because the entire city has been placed on the "National Register of Historic Places," Eureka Springs has been born again. Visitors from around the world once again enjoy the hand-hewn stone hotels, bathhouses, churches, civic and commercial buildings that still serve and adorn the city. The narrow tree lined streets that wind through neighborhoods of beautiful Victorian homes and gingerbread cottages attract a variety of folks who enjoy taking time out from the "real world."
http://eurekaspringschamber.com/
FAQ | LODGING & RATES | RESERVATIONS
The Cinnamon Valley
3134 E Van Buren (Hwy 62)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Zé Ramalho da Paraíba is a compilation of rare songs by Brazilian solo artist Zé Ramalho in 2008. Most of the tracks were recorded live, in a time they were still unknown. Avôhai (a tribute to Ramalho's grandfather), for example, was performed only three days after his death (as said in the beginning of the song), but became a hit single years after.

Track listing
 Táxi-lunar (Moon-Taxi) – 5:26 (Zé Ramalho, Alceu Valença, Geraldo Azevedo)
 Jacarepaguá blues – 8:34
 O author da natureza (The Author of Nature) – 4:39
 Brejo do Cruz – 5:02
 Puxa-puxa (Pull-pull) – 2:14
 Luciela – 7:09
 Paraíba hospitaleira (Hospitable Paraíba) – 2:26
 Terremotos (Earthquakes) – 3:32
 Falido transatlântico (Broken Transatlantics) – 3:59 (Marcus Vinícius)
 A árvore (The Tree) – 6:23
 A peleja de Apolo e Pan (The Match of Apolo e Pan) – 3:59
 O astronauta (The Astronaut) – 6:54
 Meninas de Albarã (Albarã Girls) – 3:10
 Aboio Eletrônico (Electronic Aboio) – 4:27
 O sobrevivente (The Survivor) – 4:54
 Jardim das Acácias (Acacia Garden) – 8:53
 Avôhai – 10:03
 Adeus segunda-feira cinzenta (Goodbye, Grey Monday) – 9:11
 A dança das borboletas (The Dance of The Butterflies) – 10:37 (Zé Ramalho, Alceu Valença)
 O Monte Olímpia (The Mount Olimpia) – 7:40
 Admirável Gado Novo (Brave New Cattle) – 6:03

All music & lyrics by Zé Ramalho, except where noted

Personnel
 Zé Ramalho – Lead vocals, rhythm guitar on tracks 1 to 8, acoustic guitar on tracks 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, lead guitar on tracks 20, 21
 Josué – Electric guitar on tracks 1 to 8
 Wallace – Bass guitar on tracks 1 to 8
 Hugo Leão – Bass guitar on tracks 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 organ on tracks 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 backing vocals on tracks 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, keyboard on track 20
 Baby – Bass guitar on tracks 20
 Paulo Batera – Drums on tracks 1 to 8, 20
 Irapuan – Drums on tracks 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
 Jarbas Mariz – Percussion on tracks 1 to 8, viola on track 20, backing vocals on track 20
 Edmilson – Percussion and backing vocals on tracks 9, 11, 12, 13, 14
 Walmir – Percussion and backing vocals on tracks 9, 11, 12, 13, 14

References

2008 compilation albums
Zé Ramalho albums

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Home / Internationals
Ludlow Breaks Ground on New Public Works Building with Unique Design
Thu, 08/15/2013 - 17:21 RCN Newsdesk
The River City News is proud to expand its coverage area to Ludlow. Follow RCN on Facebook, Twitter, or email us!
The City of Ludlow will have a new Public Works facility by the end of the year. Ground was broken in a ceremony on Thursday morning.
The building will be designed to recall Ludlow's historic connection to the railroad. Dating back to 1870, Ludlow was home to rail yards operated first by The Cincinnati Southern Railroad and later the Norfolk Southern Railway, according to The Northern Kentucky Encyclopedia.
The building is being developed by Hemmer Industries. The company's leader, Bill Hemmer, has a personal connection to the project. His mother, Pat Stultz Hemmer, is a Ludlow native and grew up just around the corner from where the new facility will be built at 101 Oak Street, adjacent to the City Building.
"The building will be very functional and efficient, but it will also have the look and feel of an old train station," Hemmer said. "Ludlow has a long history with the railroad. There was once a major rail yard and a roundhouse in the city. So we're even going to put up a railroad crossing light on the building."
"A new building is definitely needed," said Ludlow Public Works Director John Knuf. "We are basically in a temporary building because the roof collapsed on the old public works building. The building we are in now is very inadequate. We can't store any of our equipment indoors; the garage is just too small. And to maintain equipment property, it's extremely important to keep the equipment inside."
"The new building allows us to put all of our equipment in one area. We can keep the equipment cleaner and in better condition, and it will be much easier to work on police cars and fire trucks. In the building we have now, we get hardly get one police car in there at a time."
The new public works will be 6,500-square-feet. It is scheduled to be completed by December, 2013.
Mayor Kenneth Wynn and City Administrator Brian Richmond see more possibilities for the area around the City Building where the new Public Works facility will be constructed. The City recently acquired a piece of land across the street and razed the long vacant, run-down building and are now hopeful that a business will see it as a possible development opportunity. Meanwhile, a new Pizza Hut is doing good business and a new Subway is scheduled to open soon,
A streetscape project was also recently completed.
"Now we're ready to market that area for economic growth," Mayor Wynn said.
Written by Michael Monks, editor & publisher of The River City News
Photo: Groundbreaking in Ludlow/RCN


What to Get For the Friend Who's Decor Obsessed.
I know, I've yet to do a full house tour now that I'm living in my new house but I still have a long way to go with furnishing! Since I'm home for the holidays, I've been obsessed with decorating the house and filling it with things I love and look good. While working on a gift guide for Song of Style, I actually got sidetracked and started online shopping for my new house and decided to share my favorite products that would make the most perfect gift for your holiday host or anyone in your life that's obsessed with interiors.
1. Nutribullet – My ultimate dream is a Vitamix but since it's a bit too pricey, this will do.
3. Mini Porcelain Dish – $2.99 This makes the perfect jewelry dish or even a soap dish.
5. Green Porcelain Cup $10 Imagine drinking coffee in this pretty porcelain cup.
5. Jonathan Adler Muse Blanc Ceramic Candle – when I moved into my last house, I got this as a house warming gift and I loved the scent but after the candle burnt, I used it as a pot for my little succulent.
2. Cold Picnic Torso Bath Rug – If you have a humor like mine, you need this.
3. Urban Outfitters Velvet Throw Pillow Nothing more luxurious than velvet during the colder months. I love throwing a few of these on the sofa. They're on sale!
5. Anthropologie Tufted Daybreak Pillow My only regret is not getting more of these moroccan pillows while I was in Morocco.
6. Velvet Robe – Who says robes need to be basic?
1. Marble Wall Ar If you're friend doesn't have art, a good place to start is a marble print art.
I love this book! Not only does it make it a beautiful coffee table book filled with stunning imagery but it's also very informative and talks about so many great designers as well as the history of some of the most iconic 'it' bags.


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https://apnews.com/6bc7fff210e9424fbd93d6531628bea6
Benefit Planned For Nanticoke Mayor Recovering From Cancer
Bill WellockApril 14, 2018 GMT
NANTICOKE — May 13 is Day 100 for Rich Wiaterowski.
That Sunday will mark 100 days since the 44-year-old Nanticoke man, the city's mayor, received a stem cell transplant that helped him recover from acute myeloid leukemia.
Life has changed dramatically for him and his family since his diagnosis in November 2017.
It kept him from the basketball gym where he loves to cheer for the Nanticoke Trojans and share in the camaraderie of his hometown. A weakened immune system meant most of the games were off-limits on doctors' orders. He watched while his children shoveled the snow. His job site changed from a dusty construction site to light duty on a computer at home. Hunting and fishing had to wait while chemotherapy and total body irradiation prepared him to receive stem cells to replace his own.
The Wiaterowskis don't know the donor, but his cells were an excellent match that helped save Rich's life.
When Rich Wiaterowski first learned a transplant could come from an anonymous donor, not knowing the identity didn't seem like a big deal. Then came the day a coordinator with Be The Match, an organization that helps arrange stem cell transplants, called their house to tell the Wiaterowskis they had a donor.
"Once I got home, I opened the email, and it said scroll down, keep going, then 'Your donor is: (From) Germany, 28 years old, O-positive (blood type.)' I got very emotional. I broke down and cried," he said.
For now, that's all he knows. The donor knows even less about him. A year after donation, the organization will ask both parties if they want to share their contact information.
In the meantime, Wiaterowski continues to recover.
This Sunday is day 72 post-transplant. His family, friends and supporters will gather for a benefit event to show their support and to gather funds to help the family with the thousands of dollars in medical bills that health insurance didn't cover.
"It is crazy the way people in this town have come together," he said. "When someone is sick, not just me, anybody that we've seen go through a sickness like this, the town pulls together."
His son's sixth grade class sent get-well cards. He's gotten cards from friends and strangers. He's kept every one.
"It's overwhelming," said his wife, Wendy Wiaterowski. "It's amazing how much people care, genuinely care, and want to send love and prayers and warm wishes."
Wiaterowski moved home from the hospital in the beginning of March, although he still travels to Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia for weekly follow-up appointments.
Recovery has been months in the making.
He realized something was amiss in November 2017. He was exhausted and his bones ached.
When his doctor called to say he was coming over to discuss the results of a blood test, he knew the diagnosis would be bad.
Tests at Fox Chase confirmed the news, and he started chemotherapy that day. More than two months later, he was receiving a stem cell transplant.
"Right now, he's doing very well. In (the physicians') eyes, he's doing remarkable. There's lot of positive with that. But there's still a long road ahead," Wendy Wiaterowski said.
Contact the writer:
bwellock@citizensvoice.com
570-821-2051, @CVBillW
WHAT: Benefit for Rich Wiaterowksi
WHEN: 1 to 8 p.m., Sunday
WHERE: Nanticoke Armory, 490 E. Main St., Nanticoke
DETAILS: A $10 donation at the door includes entrance to the event, one soda/water ticket, food and entertainment.
Children 12 years old and younger are free.
Parking is available at the armory. Overflow parking is also available at Greater Nanticoke Area High School, and a shuttle will leave form the bus port next to the high school near Church Street.
There will be a cash bar, silent auction and other raffles.
Entertainment includes:
1 p.m.: Acousticstein
2 p.m.: Strawberry Jam Duo
3 p.m.: Doug and Sean Acoustic
5 p.m.: Ol' Cabbage
6 p.m.: Rhythm and Booze
7 p.m.: 40 lb. Head


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Breaking — Tsunami warning after 7.6-quake hits southern Indonesia
A powerful earthquake with a preliminary magnitude of 7.5 has struck the Flores Sea in southern Indonesia, prompting tsunami alerts for nearby coastlines, seismologists and residents say. Only few details are currently available.
The earthquake, which struck at 11:20 a.m. local time on Tuesday, was centered in the Flores Sea, about 100 kilometers (62 miles) north of Maumere, one of the largest towns on Flores Island, which is west of Timor-Leste (East Timor).
Indonesia's seismological agency BMKG put the preliminary magnitude for Tuesday's earthquake at 7.5 with a depth of just 12 kilometers (7.4 miles). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) put the magnitude at 7.3, down from an earlier reading of 7.6, at a depth of 18 kilometers (11 miles).
A tsunami warning which was immediately issued for nearby coastlines was later downgraded to an advisory. People in the area should be told to move away from the beach but no evacuations are required, BMKG said. There's no threat of a Pacific-wide tsunami.
"Based on the preliminary earthquake parameters, hazardous tsunami waves are possible for coasts located within 1000 km of the earthquake epicenter," the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center said in a bulletin to member states, adding that the situation was still being investigated.
BMKG's earthquake and tsunami mitigation coordinator, Daryono, said no tsunami had been detected as of 11:55 a.m.
https://bnonews.com/index.php/2021/12/tsunami-alert-after-quake-in-southern-indonesia/
FDA Working With Postal Service to Intercept and Destroy Ivermectin Shipments
Democrats' Massive Entitlement Plans Include Banning Christians From Government Childcare


So That's What "Build Your Brand Story" Means!
Home/Branding, Online Marketing, Social Media/So That's What "Build Your Brand Story" Means!
A confession: I don't know much about branding. Oh, sure – I know words, but branding? That's Gabriella's bailiwick.
I know more now than I did six or seven years ago, but that's because she's been my mentor for several years (and you can't have a client-centered conversation with Gabriella without branding coming in to it). So, when Level343 posts blogs about branding, that information comes either from Gabriella or information I've gleaned from her through the years.
If you're a regular reader, you've come across several articles here about brand building and social media. We talk a lot about social media and using it as a way to "build the story of your brand". Whenever Gabriella talks about it, I've always just nodded my head, thinking I sort of got it, but figuring I never really would.
Today, I'm feverishly typing up this post for your consumption because I'm excited. I finally got it. And in case you haven't, I want to share this concept with you, so you, trying to follow advice and build your brand story, can get a better grip on what it means.
At the time of this writing, I've just finished researching for an article. The topic (not the client) is Volkswagen ads. If you ever have some free time in the middle of your busy company building day, I highly suggest reading about the history of Volkswagen and its advertising campaigns. It's fascinating, to say the least.
In 1959, Volkswagen had just started growing in the U.S. They contracted with an advertising agency to create ads focused on building brand advocates. Because, you see, brand advocates will do for a company what an ad never can – add a positive reputation. They talk about a brand, share it, tweet it, like it… they become the cheerleaders for a brand. And unless that brand does something really bad, they'll always be the brand's cheerleaders.
It was designed by Ferdinand Porsche, an Austrian, for Adolf Hitler, a German dictator. During World War II, the manufacturing plant was turned into a forced labor camp for Germany. After the war, the British took it over, who then tried to pass it off to several places that turned it down flat, including Ford, Fiat and the French government. Americans didn't want it, because it was too small and wasn't "hip". That is, until the mid 1950s, when college kids decided it was a good trendsetter.
After reading the history of the company (admittedly, the facts weren't summed up in quite so few words) up until they started using ads, I turned to the ads themselves. The advertising agency had to reinvent the Volkswagen for the U.S. market, because we still had a lot of hard feelings after the war. And they did. They took a German made car and turned it into a U.S. quality brand.
How? With stories. The really fascinating thing about the Volkswagen ads is the stories they create.
The first ad alone, "Think Small", is a study in building a brand story. Each succeeding ad only builds on the entire story, like "33 years later, he got the bug". Increasing technology has only made them better, while still continuing the story, as seen in the Super Bowl commercial, "The Force".
This stuff was fascinating to me (witness the fact that I've used that word several times already in this post). What was more fascinating was my reaction.
Up until this point, my only run in with the VW was Herby the Love Bug. I knew squat and cared less. Right after I finished researching, I was discussing all this new found information with a friend and it hit me: I liked the Volkswagen! Not only did I like the stories the ads told, but I felt warm and fuzzy towards the car and company!
I stopped in mid-sentence, because the thunderbolt of wisdom slammed into my head. "Oh!" I even said it out loud. "So that's what she meant by brand story!" I get it! I really get it!
Listen. I doubt that there's a single adult person out there who hasn't visited a mom and pop store at least once in their lifetime. As well, I bet a lot of people know someone who runs one. Some would rather frequent a small, family-run store than a big brand store. So why aren't you talking about it?
You just spent a half hour leaning against your countertop while you talked to Betty Lou about her son's athlete's foot and the best remedies. This is your life. To you, you may just be having a friendly conversation. To Betty Lou, you just provided fantastic customer service! So why aren't you talking about it?
You run that parts store down on Main Street. Steve came in because he thought he needed a new alternator. While you're helping him find the part to match his car, you two start talking about the problems. You think it's probably something else, just by the way he describes it. After a 15 minute look at the engine in the parking lot, you show Steve that it's not the alternator; it's actually a frayed electrical system (which, by the way, is cheaper and easier to replace).
This isn't in your job description. You run a parts store, not a mechanics shop. Yet, you like cars and enjoy helping people. To you, it was a fun, satisfying 15 minutes. To Steve, it was money saved, extraordinary customer service and the start of a good business to customer relationship. So why aren't you talking about it?
That's the real beauty of building a brand story, and the real lesson behind VW. The Volkswagen ad agency didn't boost the brand by having a unique story. They boosted the brand by having a story people can relate to. If it's unique, they can't relate, can they?
With all this social media use – Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, etc. – you have the perfect platform for sharing your brand story. If you aren't, then what are you doing? What on earth are you even using social media for?
By telling your story in the fashion of the example above, you're actually sharing the story of a customer. Yet, the subtle undertone is about your quality service. You don't have to be blatant about it; people will get the point without the pushy advertising.
If you're not already putting your story out there, I urge you to really consider it. Your story is special by the very fact that it's common. It's something that reaches out to people who have been either in your position or your customer's, or knows someone who has.
Look: the only way you'll ever make friends is by letting them get to know you. The same goes for your company. Build that warm, fuzzy, friendly relationship with your market by giving them the story behind the brand!


Change is the only constant in auto sales. In the last several years, the industry has experienced dramatic changes due to increased focus on digital retailing, shifting consumer behaviors, and the pinch of margin compression. Yet, with these changes, dealerships assume their employees should remain the same. And, it's precisely this type of thinking that prevents many dealerships from leveraging the strength of their people to gain competitive advantage.
With these factors in mind, Cox Automotive published the Dealership Staffing Study, with tips on how dealerships can drive productivity, create a better workplace culture, improve retention, and boost their bottom lines. Here are a few highlights of the study.
With operational costs increasing and margins declining on the sale of new and used cars, dealerships must invest in their employees to reduce inefficiencies. At first, this concept can seem counterintuitive. After all, more than half of a dealership's gross profit margin goes to payroll. But with the average cost of a new hire at $10,000 and the sales staff turnover rate at 67%, dealerships are losing money every time one of their employees decides to walk. And that doesn't even contemplate the cost of lost knowledge and lapsing customer relationships resulting from high turnover. Unfortunately, most dealerships (2 in 3) have no staffing strategy, and continue to endure unnecessary high turnover, high costs, and lost operational opportunities.
Speaking of expecting employees to remain unchanged in a changing industry, many dealerships look to hire the same type of employee, just because he/she fits the outdated model of an industry employee. As a result, Gen X and baby boomers make up 2/3 of the dealership workforce. And, despite millennials making up 60% of new hires, dealerships fail to train and manage this key group of workers, leading to an annual turnover rate of more than 50% among millennials.
By instituting better rewards programs, better technology (78% of millennials are strongly influenced by a company's perceived innovativeness), and better training practices focused on instilling company pride, dealerships can revolutionize their staffing strategy.
To be part of the next generation of auto sales, dealerships need to adapt along with the industry and its workforce. Having a holistic staffing strategy means recruiting, training, recognizing, and continually communicating with the right people so dealerships can find increased efficiencies and leverage the strength of their people as a basis for competitive advantage.
To learn more about creating a staffing strategy at your dealership, download the Cox Automotive Dealership Staffing Study.


In the framework of 2018 EU-China Year of Tourism promoted by European Travel Commission there are several initiatives that are in progress and some interesting business opportunities that are published in the "Get involved" section of the official website www.ecty2018.org.
The call for proposal "Thematic Transnational Promotional Campaigns for the Promotion of Destination Europe in China" aims to increase awareness of the destination and develop products that can maintain inbound tourism market share.
Proposed campaigns must be transnational, original, creative and target-group oriented, focused on themes, tourist products or services in Europe.
Target audience must be aged 25-44; according to ECT researches, those travellers engage in cultural and passion-based activities and demand for experience.
Main themes are culture and heritage, shopping and high-end travel products, coastal and maritime tourism, nature heritage and outdoors experiences, gastronomy and transnational routes such as cultural itineraries, cycling routes, etc.
Relevant campaigns must balance on-line and off line initiatives, trade and B2B activities and must be completed by 31 March 2019 and must be conceived, executed and completed by a consortium of partner organisations.
The deadline for application is 9 April 2018.
A full range of trade initiatives follows.
A dedicated Europe Pavillion will be present at COTTM 2018 in Beijing from 16-18 April and a multitude of European tourism products and destinations will be showcased.
Partnership in European Tourism, event in Chengdu in December.
At Twissen we record several relevant initiatives for the 2018 EU-China Tourism Year. China is a very competitive and innovative travel market and, in order to succeed, businesses must have sound plans, skilled human resources and a deep knowledge of the customer.


Buying jewelry involves many things that you must consider so that you can get the best. Ensure that you choose the best designer if you want to buy jewelry form the right class. There is no way you can get high quality jewelry if you don't make your selection for your designer wisely. You need to take your time to get to seek the right jewelry form the right designer. There are various types and forms of jewelry that are available and unless you are sure of the jewelry that you want you will get lost. Consider the following factors when buying your jewelry.
Make sure that you get to know if the jewelry designer has a good name to its public or not. Knowing if the company you are buying your jewelry has a good name is good because you will know if they are offering you good quality goods or not. Get in touch with some of their clients and see what they have to say about the jewelry and the services they received from that designer or company. Their website is also another place that you can find more details about their products and what their customers are saying about their jewelry.
The price of the jewelry is another thing that you need to consider when you are buying your jewelry. Ensure that you choose a designer who is offering g you low prices that are not affecting your budget at all. It is good to find another company that have good prices if you find the one you want does not have affordable prices. You can research for a good company through online that is selling their jewelry at affordable price. However you have to ensure that the quality and the price are reasonable. Do not buy jewelry that is much expensive than its quality.
You can ask for advice about the best jewelry quality and designer form people who are close to you. There are people or your friends that have purchased jewelry before, and you can ask them where to get the best jewelry. Receiving suggestions from your family assures you that the designer they are directing you to must be a good one because they are the first people who wish you well. You can consider few companies that they have suggested for you and choose the one that fits your need perfectly. You need to choose the jewelry designer according to the one that has high quality and low costs for the jewelry. In that case you will end up buying the best jewelry that will bring happiness to you.
This entry was posted in Financial on March 29, 2019 by emma.
For the luxury brand car needs you will see that the use of the limos can fit such a description with ease. It is essential to understand that the limos are crucial for comfort needs. The appearance that the limo offers to the other road users and the owner is also part of the factors that you can buy if for today.
If you want a vehicle that offers more than usual amenities that a car would offer then a limo will surprise you. If you would like to create more space a vehicle, buying a limo will deliver with utmost honesty.
The use of the limo will be part of things that you can get or have for your scheduled meetings and the visits that you might want to make to some extraordinary places. If you are one of the people that would like to look far from the ordinary you will note that the limo will help you do it like a boss. It is a practical idea to understand that owning a limo will have lots of benefits that you can count as an individual.
For your limo buying needs, you should note that it will be crucial if you will make your purchase today as you will start to reap the gains from the same time. Buying any limo is something that will be easy to do but to have the ideal deal is an act that will need much of your time and patience. Getting to know the kind of the limo and the specs that you need in the same will be far much better to consider.
At the time of buying the limo making some research about the perfect place to buy the same will be a good thing to consider. Getting a good dealer will be worth your money value and the time that you will put in choosing the limos. Here is the outline of the reasons that a limo buyer will have in buying the perfect limo from the complete dealer.
Getting the perfect information about the clients and what they say will put the dealer among the best places that you can choose your limo from today. A good reputation means that you will have the perfect dealer that satisfies the clients. You should know that choosing a great limo dealer will make sure that you have one of the best qualities at your disposal.
It is excellent to note that the proper dealer will surprise you with the costs that you can have for the limo of your choice. Going for the proper limo dealer you will be in for the place that will ensure that you have a good car. There are no doubts that with a limo you will have more good times as a person if you will buy one.
Finding a dentist is what you should think of when you want to solve the problems you have with your teeth. The dentist that you will visit will determine the type of treatment services you will receive. You will thus consider the services of the dentist who is reputable enough for the services they offer The services of a dentist are highly valued which has led to an increased need for the dentists in the market. Therefore, several dentists have come to satisfy the huge demand which is in the market. It is stressful and time-consuming looking for the right dentist because many of them are available. For this reason, you need to make some considerations if you are looking for the best dentist to use. The article herein contains information on the factors to follow while searching for the appropriate dentist.
The first tip to put into consideration is the qualification of the dentist if you are looking right one. You will be referred to as a dentist f you have received training, and you have a certificate to accredit your qualification. You will thus make consideration of the dentist who is qualified enough for the services he or she is offering. Consideration will not be made on the dentist who is not qualified enough for the services they offer.
The skills and proficiency of the dentist is the second consideration to make if you are searching for the right one. When you look at the number of years the dentist has been working, then you will know his or her experience. Therefore, choose the dentist who you will find having the best experience for the dental services they offer. You will not choose the dentist who does not have the appropriate skills needed for the job.
The reputation of the dentist is the third factor to consider if you are looking for the best one to use. Reading the patients' reviews will provide you with the best information you need to know about them. Therefore, choose the dentist you will find having the best reviews for the services they offer. Consideration will not be made on the dentist who you are not advised to use for your services.
When items and offerings pass borders in international trade, information wants to be passed amongst applicable parties, whether non-public businesses or public our bodies, which consist of suppliers, logistics vendors, customs, regulatory corporations, sellers and clients. Digitization of trade paper work refers back to the digitization of these information flows, which include making available and enabling the trade of alternate-associated records and documents electronically. Less officially, you may recollect this as skip-border exchange transactions the usage of virtual information in lieu of paper-primarily based documents. Transforming what have become historically a paper-primarily based totally documentation machine into a digital layout can accelerate exchange and ease the price of doing enterprise in nowadays interconnected international. Bottlenecks in deliver chain control and regulatory documentation may be especially intricate for smaller businesses or e-buyers with much less revel in and assets. Paperless buying and selling, therefore, serves as a promising manner to address the logistical annoying conditions of e-trade and, especially, small shipments at some stage in borders.
Overall, its miles speedy becoming an important issue of governmental efforts to decorate the efficiency of customs controls and change management strategies, and of ensuring alternate competitiveness in a rapidly digitizing global. How exactly a change transaction is rendered paperless? Digitized change may be done in numerous methods. One manner is in reality to take a seen picture of a paper report – each a scanned and a PDF model. Another possibility is an internet portal in which individual data elements may be keyed in – this is known as statistics-trader interface (DTI). Paperless transactions additionally can be performed the use of absolutely virtual messages – known as virtual records interchange (EDI), with codecs together with UN/EDIFACT, XML, JSON and other internet offerings.
Typically, those systems might offer a software program-programming interface (API) to facilitate interaction with the database. At first appearance, the challenge of moving from paper-based to paperless management of exchange may additionally appear noticeably sincere. However, because of the want to coordinate electronically across borders, the impetus for international cooperation rises as soon as change is rendered paperless. Governments use a selection of preparations, which include United Nations (UN) corporations and requirements placing corporations, similarly to alternate agreements, to establish the governance structures important for paperless trading. This white paper affords a top level view of these efforts, which take location all through an extensive fashion of disparate institutions, some of which lie outdoor the traditional institutions associated with alternate governance. The paper is written specifically with alternate policy-makers in thoughts to assist their concerns on how nice to align exchange tips with modern-day and expected future dispositions in paperless trading. The paper is also alleged to provide different stakeholders with a better information of gift efforts and feasible destiny traits at the intersection of paperless trading and international change administration to manual their inputs for change policy. Because of the extensive sort of troubles related to paperless trading, it is vital to set up boundaries inside the scope of what is taken into consideration on this paper. To book for paperless trade in Singapore, Visit Tnets now!
Though scanned/PDF files can gift benefits, this white paper concentrates frequently on transactions performed thru virtual messages. Electronic messages give you the cash for even more possibilities for tapping into the advantages of paperless trading way to the functionality reuse of information, the removal of the want to re-key facts into a laptop at each deliver chain checkpoint, and the reduction in ability human mistakes. Note that aspects of this paper may moreover observe to DTI and APIs as nicely. The paper is also particularly focused on paperless trade as defined through the technical global alternate network. This encompasses digital varieties of trade control documents that are industrial agency-to-government (B2G) as well as commercial enterprise-to-industrial company (B2B) electronic exchange of records internal international alternate context.
The term "paperless alternate", but, may be used by one of a kind groups in a broader revel in to seek advice from the virtual exchange of data in a truly national enterprise and regulatory context. For example, banks can also seek advice from paperless trade as carried out to change finance strategies – which may additionally moreover have an international element. Further, first rate stakeholders may additionally diverge on in which the road may be drawn on what is considered paperless change as finished to alternate control documents as opposed to the wider virtual enterprise universe.
The capacity for splendid beginning factors on paperless alternate have to be stored in mind at the same time as carrying out talk on the subject. The paper is part of a chain run thru the World Economic Forum and the World Trade Organization (WTO) focused on e-change coverage satisfactory practices. The inclusion of paperless exchange in the series is from each the perspective of the digitalization of change processes as well as the unique benefits this can have for small companies the use of digital systems to interact in worldwide exchange.
This entry was posted in Financial on March 20, 2019 by emma.
It is crucial to safeguard the good health in the dogs. The dogs will stay with the human beings and eliminate the parasites thus being the original way of protecting the dogs. The animals will be free of the parasites that might affect their well- being. The animals will suffer from the infections that will affect the animals. The other way of caring for the health of the dogs is nurturing the dogs with the sweet potatoes. This will be useful with the lose tools in the dog. The sweet potatoes consist of vitamin C.
Other species of the dogs will note the alteration of the mood among the human beings. The animals will know the tears that the person shed and feel kindness when the human beings are facing distress. The dogs will offer the intelligence and safety in the difficult times. The human beings will show their care for the dogs through the kisses. Setting the microchips ion the dogs will protect them from the harmful people. It is often that the dogs get away from our compound. With the chip, you will know that the dogs is under the safe hands and where it is .
Socializing the pets at an early age will expose the pets to the numerous type of the sounds that they would enjoy hearing. When the puppies get displayed to the numerous types of the sounds, then they will understand the disparity between the common and the new sounds. The separation anxiety that is faced by the dogs is one of the traumatizing experiences you should try to do away with. The pets might harm themselves due to the anger they experience. You will notice the unnecessary barking.
Protect the dog from the cold weather. The weather might lead to cold attacks. The attacks will be minimized by enclosing the dog in a place where it will reside in the cold duration. Incase the dog is suffering from the cold infection, then seek the help from the veterinary who will treat the infection the dog is suffering from. You desire to prompt the numerous individuals that during the holiday period, the individuals will be moving into and out of the room. Ensure that the dog is tied on the entrance section of the home.
Dogs love toys. The presence of the dog is important in healing of the dog. Remember that the one that is to small might chock the dog while it is chewing it. When one is picking the correct type of the food select the balanced diet for the dog. For the dogs, the grains are the best. Choose the best type of the food for the dogs that will assure the well- being of the dogs.
This entry was posted in Financial on March 17, 2019 by emma.
The glass windows are the crucial parts of a building. All the estates must have transparent windows which makes them safe for use by the people. The main advantage of the windows is to let the light inside the house for use by the people. Most windows have glasses which allows passage of light and therefore should be washed at all the time. The significant maintenance practice conducted on the windows is cleaning. The people need the best window cleaning services which are reliable. The article illustrates the essential elements for selecting the best window cleaning firm.
The clients are encouraged to ensure that the window cleaning firm is highly experienced in window washing. The company should have cleaned the windows for several years. The window washing agency which has been in service for an extended period can meet the needs of the clients. The people are supposed to research on the company to determine the number of years it has served the clients by cleaning their windows. The clients should seek guidance from their friends and relatives to determine whether or not the window washing agency is experienced.
The people should learn how the window washing company has been operating for the past years. It is advisable for the people to surf the internet at all the time to get recommendations which help to study the history of the window cleaning service. The clients are encouraged to look for a window cleaning company which can provide useful services to the people. The people are supposed to supervise the window cleaning process to determine whether or not the company is reliable. The company should be accessible to assist in getting urgent window cleaning services.
The individuals should pick window cleaning services which have the legal permission from the government. Licensing is an essential practice conducted by the government to legalize a service. The clients have to ask for the authorization documents from window cleaning service. The presence of legal license papers in a window cleaning company assures the clients of obtaining quality services.
Fourthly, the people are supposed to ensure that the window cleaning company has the right tools for cleaning the glasses and the contractors are qualified. The agency should be equipped with the best window washing apparatus. The tools are beneficial since they make window cleaning easy and perfect. The workers in the window cleaning company should have excellent skills and expertise in washing the windows to meet the requirements of the clients. The people should ask for the qualification papers for the contractors of the window cleaning company to ensure that they are well trained.
Landscaping is essential since it makes the environment look awesome and very gorgeous it is one way of embracing nature. Everyone has their reasons as to why they'd want to have their gardens transformed thus giving it a new look. Trees help in preventing air pollution and that's very important as it helps us in breathing fresh air which makes us stay healthy. This is very important for our health as there will be no funny infections will infect us.
It is very uncouth living in an ugly looking environment where trees and flowers are in a mess no trimming has been done and the grass has overgrown that haven't been well shaped with glitter allover and foul bins. Sounds like a deal and that's what we call landscaping making the environment look stunning and amazing. Landscaping is important since it gives us fresh air, when we plant trees we need to have them looked after as they give us fresh air which prevents us from impurities. Many people prefer relaxing on the outdoors since it feels fresh and cool it is awesome to have a beautiful garden as it makes one to feel comfortable and stress free.
Well with lawn care it will depend with preferences as some will prefer to have the entire yard demolished thus replacing it with something else whereas some don't actually mind having the old one modified. Lawn care will do polishing to your yard and have the exterior part have another look from landscaping to the outdoor furniture one can have all that changed or renovate into something different. People need to have their yards transformed to give them look beautiful than before as this is one way of embracing the nature. New plantation is one way of giving the yard a better look and this should be done by professionals who are more experienced. Healthy living starts with a clean environment and that's why by living in a landscaped environment you will be certain to have a stress free life.
And according to research people with high blood pressure tend to fit well in landscaped areas as it is said to reduce blood pressure just by looking at the beautiful ambiance. whiLandscaping is important as it helps in taking care of the grass and trees that makes us live healthy due to the freshness caused by the trees. A sick body is stressful and that's why landscaping will enable you to stay in a clean tidy environment away from all sorts of bacteria that may be caused by dust. Nature is one beautiful thing to behold and imagine nature itself is amazing without any landscaping done, now imagine nature with landscape design.
There are cognitive enhancing supplements that are on sale, and they are making one to have a good memory and solving various issues using your brain. It is not easy to determine the best cognitive enhancing supplement that you can purchase for cognitive enhancement, and that is why when you are planning to make your purchase you get to be keen. If you want to get to make the right selection of the best cognitive enhancing supplement you will have to make sure that you are able to do some research as that will help you get to settle for the one that will be effective for you. Below are some of the elements that you need to consider looking at as they will help you in finding the best cognitive enhancing supplement.
You need to make sure that you are looking at the brand of the cognitive enhancing supplement before you make your purchase. Always make sure that you are able to find the right brand of cognitive enhancing supplement as they are so many and it is always essential that you get to make the right selection.
It is crucial that you check on the price. There is the amount of money that you will have to pay when you are purchasing cognitive enhancing supplements, and therefore when you have enough cash it will be easy for you to facilitate your purchase. Always before you make your purchase of the right cognitive enhancing supplement it is significant that you get to consider doing some research and get the costs estimates as that will make it possible for you to know the right one that you can purchase.
You are required to consider reading the reviews. It is imperative that you know the experience of those that have been using cognitive enhancing supplements to boost their brains and they are available on the websites online. In this situation, you will have to make sure that you are finding the right cognitive enhancing supplement by checking the one that will have most of the recommendations from the reviews.
Furthermore, you need to make sure that you are liaising with friends for leads. In this regard, you have to be a bit careful since not all friends are supposed to be asked for leads and if possible consider choosing those that you trust and you are aware that they are reliable. The best referrals comes from the actual users of these cognitive enhancing supplements; hence if you can find them consider asking for leads from them.
When many people think about designer pieces, what comes to them is just handbags, shoes and other kinds of accessories. However, you need to be a firm believer when it comes to including design outfits when you need to elevate your life. It is important that you know the right designer outfits that can make you enjoy a new overall look. There are risks when you are choosing design outfits especially if you do not have ideas on what to look out for.
The first thing that you need to be considering is the fabrics for the kind of dresses for you. Having essential and professionals of carrying out your needs, it can be very important for you and this will make you be able to enjoy a great time. Do not think that all designer clothes have quality materials, ensure that you check and touch so that you know if you consider them or not. You need to be aware that there are materials that you should keep off especially nylon and scuba. You will be able to take your designs to a new level when you determine the right fabric, this will make you see the worth of your investment.
The other thing you need to look at is what you need to go for. If you need to invest on special or basic designer, then it is a decision should make on your own. You might be on this list of the people who still have not been looking at this preference but this needs to be the end. When you think about buying a designer because it is basic or just basic, then here is some information for you. You can choose basic or maybe special but the fact remains they all will come with an outcome of pro and contra. That is the reason you will not get any recommendations coming from this point since it all depends on you and the kind of preferences you have for your personal reasons.
If you have never thought of buying dresses, then this is the best time now that you are about to know why. One special thing that you can have as you look for the right dress for you is when you begin by saying yes. It is bets that you can have a design which looks even great when it is a dress. Do not worry is the task to get a dress that suits you well becomes an issue since you are not the only one. Knowing that designer dresses are unique and not common, that is why you need to grab it when you come across one that fits you.
If you want a logo, you should ensure that you hire graphic design services. Besides, you should know that the graphic designers usually come in handy in the creation of business cards. It is impossible to design a logo or business cards if you do not have the needed expertise. The most suitable approach is hiring a graphic design agency. Your decision on the right graphic design agency should be influenced by the ability to incorporate your branding needs in the graphic design process. The qualification of the different graphic design agencies in the market usually vary. The process of choosing the most suitable graphic design agency should be done using certain tips. The article herein will discuss some of the things that you should look into when choosing a suitable graphic design agency.
The first thing that you should look into is the establishment of the graphic design agency. The graphic design agency should have been in the industry for a desirable duration. The experience will dictate the proficiency of the workforce of the agency in creating designs. The other thing that you should look into about the experience of the graphic design agency is the areas handled previously. Besides, you will not be worried about the high cost if the agency is well-established.
The most credible source of information regarding the record of accomplishment of the agency is the portfolio. The reason to check the portfolio is that you will get to see samples of work for the graphic design agency. The qualification of the graphic design agency depends on the graphic designs samples that you see in the portfolio. Therefore, you should ensure that you look into the portfolio when hiring a suitable graphic design agency. The portfolio of the agency should be robust and impressive. The robustness of the portfolio will define the experience level.
Besides, you should ensure that the agency has the right quality of the workforce at its disposal. The nature of graphic designs that you will get depends on the qualification of the agency. The graphic designers should have acquired the expertise through training. The graphic design agency that you intend to hire should also be certified. The graphic design agency's qualification depends on the registration status.
The availability of the relevant graphic design tools is the other thing that you should look into. Lastly, you should establish the cost of hiring the services of the graphic design agency. The graphic design agency should be willing to create the different designs at a reasonable cost. You should ensure that you use this guide if you want to find the most suitable graphic design agency.


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Judas and the Black Messiah/Warner Bros.
People ask 'Who is the lead?' after 'Judas and the Black Messiah's supporting actor nominations
Daniel Kaluuya and LaKeith Stanfield were both nominated for an Oscar—for supporting roles.
Michelle Jaworski
Published Mar 15, 2021 Updated Mar 15, 2021, 1:13 pm CDT
The full list of nominations for the 93rd Academy Awards is out, and while it includes a diverse group of actors and creatives amid its nominees, one of the bigger surprises of the day wasn't just about who was nominated—but where.
That big surprise came in the best supporting actor category. The Trial of the Chicago 7's Sacha Baron Cohen, One Night in Miami…'s Leslie Odom Jr., and Judas and the Black Messiah's Daniel Kaluuya have been receiving nominations from critics and industry awards bodies throughout awards season, so it wasn't too surprising to see their names among the list of nominees. Even Sound of Metal's Paul Raci, who's had widespread critics group support but didn't receive a Golden Globe or Screen Actors Guild nomination, wasn't too out of the ordinary.
The real shocker came in the category's fifth nominee, LaKeith Stanfield for Judas and the Black Messiah. (The film received four other nominations including best picture, original screenplay, cinematography, and original song.)
Congratulations to the Supporting Actor nominees! #OscarNoms pic.twitter.com/auP16V43Y5
— The Academy (@TheAcademy) March 15, 2021
Stanfield has been part of awards season chatter for months, and his performance as FBI informant William O'Neal has been widely praised. But he's had trouble breaking through a particularly competitive season—the Oscar nomination is the first nomination Stanfield has received from any organization—and, despite, Warner Bros.' efforts, he was nominated in a category he wasn't even being campaigned for.
According to Warner Bros.' For Your Consideration website, Stanfield was positioned as a lead actor while it placed Kaluuya in supporting actor alongside Jesse Plemons (who wasn't nominated).
Warner Bros. FYC
The nomination of Stanfield is a surprise, to be sure. But the bigger question that's leaving people with is if both Stanfield and Kaluuya are supporting actors, which actor is actually the lead of Judas and the Black Messiah?
if both daniel kaluuya and lakeith stanfield are supporting actors in JUDAS AND THE BLACK MESSIAH then who in the world is the lead???? pic.twitter.com/sXbaEyKguO
— karen han (@karenyhan) March 15, 2021
So JUDAS AND THE BLACK MESSIAH just has no lead, huh
— Guy Lodge (@GuyLodge) March 15, 2021
#OscarNoms pic.twitter.com/dsdR2GjpMT
— Hanna Ines Flint (@HannaFlint) March 15, 2021
Jesse Plemons waking up this morning to find out that he's the lead of Judas and the Black Messiah: pic.twitter.com/O8lWOB7b6E
— Matthew Eng (@Eng_Matthew) March 15, 2021
Well who tf is the lead in Judas and The Black Messiah??
J. Edgar Hoover ?
— Openly Black (@ScottieBeam) March 15, 2021
Judas and the Black Messiah is more of a two-hander with Stanfield as O'Neal and Kaluuya as Fred Hampton. While the framing of the film—which combines a biopic with thrillers like The Departed—focuses a bit more on O'Neal, the FBI informant that infiltrated the Illinois chapter of the Black Panther Party during the final years of Hampton's life, Stanfield and Kaluuya function more as co-leads; they share plenty of screentime together, but you also get several scenes of one character without the other. (They're also both represented by the film's title.)
The two actors share close to equal time on-screen. According to Gold Derby's Matthew Stewart, Stanfield has slightly more screentime at 49:51 to Kaluuya's 46:09.
Screen time data for Judas and the Black Messiah (2021)
– LaKeith Stanfield – 49:51 (39.75%)
– Daniel Kaluuya – 46:09 (36.80%) pic.twitter.com/jxz8SYRZ9t
— Matthew Stewart (@MatthewAStewart) February 13, 2021
In recent years, the Oscars have come under scrutiny for category fraud, where actors are placed into certain acting categories they don't belong in because they might have a better chance of winning awards one way or another. Think Rooney Mara being positioned as a supporting actress for Carol or Brad Pitt as a supporting actor for Once Upon a Time in Hollywood. In cases where you have two actors who could feasibly up for the same category, studios tend to place them in separate categories—one in lead, the other in supporting—so that two actors for the same project don't end up splitting the vote. Hence putting Stanfield in lead and Kaluuya in supporting, a strategy that's been very fruitful for Kaluuya so far.
However, just because a studio positioned an actor in one category doesn't mean that awards bodies always follow. (Earlier this year, the Golden Globes switched Borat Subsequent Moviefilm's Maria Bakalova to the lead actress category despite Amazon Studios campaigning her as a supporting role.) But in the Academy's case, it might not have been a conscious move.
Per the 93rd Academy Awards' list of rules, if an actor is nominated for the same role in both lead and supporting categories, the actor is nominated in whichever category achieves the threshold first.
The leading role and supporting role categories will be tabulated simultaneously. If any performance should receive votes in both categories, the achievement shall be placed only on the ballot in that category in which, during the tabulation process, it first receives the required number of votes to be nominated. In the event that the performance receives the number of votes required to be nominated in both categories simultaneously, the achievement shall be placed only on the ballot in that category in which it receives the greater percentage of the total votes.
What does this mean? It's possible that Stanfield was nominated in both supporting and lead, but he qualified for supporting first.
Before Monday, Kaluuya was the frontrunner to win the Oscar. Now? It's a bit more complicated. The big question hovering over the category now is whether Kaluuya can still win, or if having Kaluuya and Stanfield competing against each other will split the category and allow Baron Cohen, Odom Jr., or Raci to sneak in for a win.
The 93rd Academy Awards will air on April 25.
*First Published: Mar 15, 2021, 12:58 pm CDT
Michelle Jaworski is a staff writer and TV/film critic at the Daily Dot. She covers entertainment, geek culture, and pop culture and has covered everything from the Sundance Film Festival, NYFF, and Tribeca to New York Comic Con and Con of Thrones. She is based in Brooklyn.


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Are surface temperature records reliable?
Select a level... Basic Intermediate Advanced
The warming trend is the same in rural and urban areas, measured by thermometers and satellites, and by natural thermometers.
"We found [U.S. weather] stations located next to the exhaust fans of air conditioning units, surrounded by asphalt parking lots and roads, on blistering-hot rooftops, and near sidewalks and buildings that absorb and radiate heat. We found 68 stations located at wastewater treatment plants, where the process of waste digestion causes temperatures to be higher than in surrounding areas.
In fact, we found that 89 percent of the stations – nearly 9 of every 10 – fail to meet the National Weather Service's own siting requirements that stations must be 30 meters (about 100 feet) or more away from an artificial heating or radiating/reflecting heat source." (Watts 2009)
Temperature data is essential for predicting the weather. So, the U.S. National Weather Service, and every other weather service around the world, wants temperatures to be measured as accurately as possible.
To understand climate change we also need to be sure we can trust historical measurements. A group called the International Surface Temperature Initiative is dedicated to making global land temperature data available in a transparent manner.
Surface temperature measurements are collected from about 30,000 stations around the world (Rennie et al. 2014). About 7000 of these have long, consistent monthly records (Fig. 1). As technology gets better, stations are updated with newer equipment. When equipment is updated or stations are moved, the new data is compared to the old record to be sure measurements are consistent over time.
Figure 1. Station locations with at least 1 month of data in the monthly Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN-M). This set of 7280 stations are used in the global land surface databank. (Rennie et al. 2014)
In 2009 some people worried that weather stations placed in poor locations could make the temperature record unreliable. Scientists at the National Climatic Data Center took those critics seriously and did a careful study of the possible problem. Their article "On the reliability of the U.S. surface temperature record" (Menne et al. 2010) had a surprising conclusion. The temperatures from stations that critics claimed were "poorly sited" actually showed slightly cooler maximum daily temperatures compared to the average.
In 2010 Dr. Richard Muller criticized the "hockey stick" graph and decided to do his own temperature analysis. He organized a group called Berkeley Earth to do an independent study of the temperature record. They specifically wanted to answer the question is "the temperature rise on land improperly affected by the four key biases (station quality, homogenization, urban heat island, and station selection)?" Their conclusion was NO. None of those factors bias the temperature record. The Berkeley conclusions about the urban heat effect were nicely explained by Andy Skuce in an SkS post in 2011. Figure 2 shows that the U.S. network does not show differences between rural and urban sites.
Figure 2. Comparison of spatially gridded minimum temperatures for U.S. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) data adjusted for time-of-day (TOB) only, and selected for rural or urban neighborhoods after homogenization to remove biases. (Hausfather et al. 2013)
Temperatures measured on land are only one part of understanding the climate. We track many indicators of climate change to get the big picture. All indicators point to the same conclusion: the global temperature is increasing.
Understanding adjustments to temperature data, Zeke Hausfather
Explainer: How data adjustments affect global temperature records, Zeke Hausfather
Time-of-observation Bias, John Hartz
Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature Study: "The effect of urban heating on the global trends is nearly negligible," Andy Skuce
Check original data
All the Berkeley Earth data and analyses are available online at http://berkeleyearth.org/data/.
Plot your own temperature trends with Kevin's calculator.
Or plot the differences with rural, urban, or selected regions with another calculator by Kevin.
NASA GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISSTEMP) describes how NASA handles the urban heat effect and links to current data.
NOAA Global Historical Climate Network (GHCN) Daily. GHCN-Daily contains records from over 100,000 stations in 180 countries and territories.
Last updated on 15 August 2017 by Sarah. View Archives
It's Urban Heat Island effect
1934 - hottest year on record
A good introduction to the history and analysis of surface temperature measurements is "Tales from the Thermometer" by Tamino.
"Surface Stations" by Tamino examines the two "poster stations" on the homepage of surfacestations.org, having a close look at the actual data from both stations.
The adjustments NASA makes are fully documented and available online. Tamino explains it in a more digestible format in "Best Estimates".
To understand what exactly happened with NASA's USA temperature glitch, check out James Hansen's explanation "A Light On Upstairs" and a follow-up "The Real Deal: Usufruct & the Gorilla". You can read Steve McIntyre's reply here.
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Comments 501 to 519 out of 519:
MA Rodger at 02:18 AM on 26 September, 2017
randman @497.
♣ You ask "how do we know?" If you examine the LOTI documentation (linked @496) you will see it says "GLOBAL Land-Ocean Temperature Index in 0.01 degrees Celsius - base period: 1951-1980" And while it is fuzzed out past p1, Hansen & Lebedeff (1988) is but an update of Hansen & Lebedeff (1987) and that states "We obtain monthly temperature changes for a given subbox by applying the previously described procedure individually to each of the 12 months, with the zero point for each month being its 1951-1980 mean." So unless there is some ambiguity over the year numbering, it all sounds pretty "knowable".
♣ You ask "what is that base specifically in abolute temps?" I would quote you the comment from 1988 quoted in one of those NYT articles you have cited up-thread.
"How hot is the world now? The scientists do not offer a straightforward response, saying that the vast amount of data is still being studied and that comparisons cannot be precise."
If you insist on a reply, perhaps this NASA article will provide it. It states "For the global mean, the most trusted models produce a value of roughly 14°C, i.e. 57.2°F, but it may easily be anywhere between 56 and 58°F."
This of course is neither an exact answer nor the 59°F/15°C you have cited from a couple of NYT articles, but as I set out @478 above, the NYT 59°F value is almost certainly the result of the journalist (it is each time the same journalist) insisting on using an absolute temperature and effectively putting words into a climatologists mouth, words they do not object to. But it ain't science.
The Ts=288K you also cite (from Hansen et al 1981) is not applicable to any anomaly base. It is used for the same perpose that Callendar (1938) uses Ts=283k, to quantify the magnitude of the greenhouse effect. It has no association with any defined time-period.
♣ You state 1988 was "Same year he testified that the 1950-1980 mean was 59 degrees F." This I assume refers to Hansen's tesemony to US Senate Committee on Energy & Natural Resources 23/6/1988. This is not something I am familiar with but if Hansen does testify "that the 1950-1980 mean was 59 degrees F," it will require sharper eyes than mine to see it. Perhaps you can point to the page & paragraph.
♣ You will note that Hansen & Lebedeff (1987) tabulates the global anomaly record 1880-1985. I cut&pasted those numbers into a spreadsheet alongside todays GISTEMP LOTI 1880-2016. The resulting graph can be see here (usually 2 clicks to 'download your attachment'). There is significant difference between the 1980s record and today's but only pre-1940.
(Folk get obsessed with the impact such adjustments would have on the implied global warming by popping a LSR through the data. Such analysis 1880-1985 shows the 1980s data implies there has been a little more warming over the period than shown in the modern data, 0.54°C/century as opposed to 0.44°C/century.)
randman at 02:19 AM on 26 September, 2017
" If there were no greenhouse effect, the Earth's average surface temperature would be a very chilly -18°C (0°F) instead of the comfortable 15°C (59°F) that it is today."
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/GlobalWarming/page2.php
This was put out in 2010. There is an accompanying graph showing a significant rise from 1980 and the the period of 1950-1980 along with this comment:
"By the beginning of the 21st century, Earth's temperature was roughly 0.5 degrees Celsius above the long-term (1951–1980) average. (NASA figure adapted from Goddard Institute for Space Studies"
So we see a mean mentioned in 2010 of "15°C (59°F) that it is today."
This is said to be roughly .5 Celsius above the 1950-1980 mean, which would make the 1950-1980 mean be 58.1 degrees F. As I have shown in other posts, the mean was reported to be 59 degrees in 1988. Obviously, it was adjusted downward.
"One of the scientists, Dr. James E. Hansen of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Institute for Space Studies in Manhattan, said he used the 30-year period 1950-1980, when the average global temperature was 59 degrees Fahrenheit, as a base to determine temperature variations."
http://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/29/science/temperature-for-world-rises-sharply-in-the-1980-s.html
"Dr. Hansen informed the lawmakers that the first five months of 1988 were the hottest five-month period on record, averaging four-tenths of a degree above a 30-year (1950-1980) norm of 59 degrees Fahrenheit."
"The British readings showed that the average global temperature in 1988 was 0.612 degrees Fahrenheit higher than the long-term average for the period 1950 through 1979, which is a base for comparing global temperatures. The average worldwide temperature for that 30-year period is roughly 59 degrees Fahrenheit, the British researchers said."
http://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/04/us/global-warmth-in-88-is-found-to-set-a-record.html
And from 1991:
"The Goddard group found that the record average surface temperature for the globe was eight-tenths of a degree Fahrenheit above the 1951-1980 average of 59 degrees. The British group found it seventh-tenths of a degree higher than the 1951-80 average."
http://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/10/us/separate-studies-rank-90-as-world-s-warmest-year.html
Also note from the same article:
"The British groups, headed by Phil Jones at East Anglia and David Parker of the meteorological office, reported 1990 to be the warmest year since comparable records were first kept in 1850.....
The Goddard group found that the record average surface temperature for the globe was eight-tenths of a degree Fahrenheit above the 1951-1980 average of 59 degrees. The British group found it seventh-tenths of a degree higher than the 1951-80 average."
Looks like 59 degrees was considered the 1950-1980 mean in 1991, and in 2010 that was revised downward to 58 degrees.
So what is considered the 1950-1980 mean more recently? Here is an estimate and claim of 2015 being the hottest year.
"The NASA team found that globally averaged temperatures from January through December 2015 were 0.87 degrees Celsius (1.57° Fahrenheit) above the norm (defined as a 1951–1980 base period)."
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=87359
If the mean was still 58 degrees, then 2015 would then have averaged nearly 60 degrees. 2016, however, is now considered the hottest year ever at less than 59 degrees.
"NOAA reported an average temperature for the year of 14.83 degrees C (58.69 degrees F) in 2016 – 1 degree C (1.69 degrees F) warmer than the average for the 20th century."
https://news.mongabay.com/2017/01/nasa-and-noaa-2016-hottest-recorded-year-ever/
[RH] Shortened link that was breaking page format.
Not sure how to edit a post. For 502, meant to write by 2010, the mean had been revised downward. Not sure when it happened, sometime between 1991 and 2010 it appears or perhaps it fluctuates?
MA Rodger, let's not miss the forest for the trees. I addressed some of this in another post.
If the mean was still 58 degrees, then 2015 would then have averaged nearly 59.57 degrees. 2016, however, is now considered the hottest year ever at less than 59 degrees.
[JH] You are comparing apples to oranges. The NASA computation of global mean surface temperature differs from that of NOAA's.
Ok, let's stick with NASA.
"They depict how much various regions of the world have warmed or cooled when compared with a base period of 1951-1980. (The global mean surface air temperature for that period was estimated to be 14°C (57°F), with an uncertainty of several tenths of a degree.)"
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/WorldOfChange/decadaltemp.php
This appears to be from 2015 since the last year on the graph is 2014.
In 2010, we see 59 degrees given as the global mean at that time. The nature of the comment suggests to me 59 degrees is an approximate.
"the Earth's average surface temperature would be a very chilly -18°C (0°F) instead of the comfortable 15°C (59°F) that it is today."
Nasa reported 2010 as 1.13F degrees "warmer than the average global surface temperature from 1951 to 1980."
"The analysis found 2010 approximately 1.13°F warmer than the average global surface temperature from 1951 to 1980. "
https://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/news/20110112/
If the global mean from 1951-1980 were 57 degrees as they said it was in 2015, then 2010 would be 58.13 degrees, right?
But we just saw where they said it was approximately 59 degrees in 2010, not 58 degrees. Kind of a big deal.
Clearly, the baseline mean of 1950-1980 has not remained consistent in these calculations. Why?
[JH} See NASA's History of GISTEMP.
Note the reference to the mean as 59 degrees or 14.5 Celsius in 2009.
"Figure 1: The world's surface air temperature change ("anomaly"), relative to the world's mean temperature of 58° F or 14.5° C, averaged over land and oceans from 1975 to 20082."
https://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/upsDownsGlobalWarming.html
[JH] In your first sentence, you incorrectly state "59 degrees". It should be "58 degrees".
Also note that the baseline period for Figure 1 is 1975 to 20082, not to 20082.
What relevance does this factoid have to your prior comments?
Meant to write 58 degrees. That was 2009. The reference to 1975 through 2008 refers to years on the graph, not the mean those years were compared to. That mean is 58 degrees, not the average of 1975-1982 as can easily be seen by viewing the graph.
This is relevant since we are discussing changes in the mean, the years 1950-1980.
Note just a few years later, probably 2015 as the data stops at year 2014, I believe:
""They depict how much various regions of the world have warmed or cooled when compared with a base period of 1951-1980. (The global mean surface air temperature for that period was estimated to be 14°C (57°F), with an uncertainty of several tenths of a degree.)"
So Nasa states here the "base period of 1950-1980" is estimated at 57 degrees, not 58 degrees.
[JH] The answer to your question can be found in NASA's posted Q&A, The Elusive Absolute Surface Air Temperature (SAT).
The Preface of his Q&A provides context:
The GISTEMP analysis concerns only temperature anomalies, not absolute temperature. Temperature anomalies are computed relative to the base period 1951-1980. The reason to work with anomalies, rather than absolute temperature is that absolute temperature varies markedly in short distances, while monthly or annual temperature anomalies are representative of a much larger region. Indeed, we have shown (Hansen and Lebedeff, 1987) that temperature anomalies are strongly correlated out to distances of the order of 1000 km.
The final Q&A of the post:
Q. What do I do if I need absolute SATs, not anomalies?
A. In 99.9% of the cases you'll find that anomalies are exactly what you need, not absolute temperatures. In the remaining cases, you have to pick one of the available climatologies and add the anomalies (with respect to the proper base period) to it. For the global mean, the most trusted models produce a value of roughly 14°C, i.e. 57.2°F, but it may easily be anywhere between 56 and 58°F and regionally, let alone locally, the situation is even worse.
My bold above.
randman at 13:29 PM on 26 September, 2017
To the mod:
Of course, but there still has to be some reason for the varying differences in the mean (1950-1980). What are those reasons?
Are they using different weather stations for one run and another?
Have they adjusted the past data? If so, why?
Is the algorythmn different?
A combination of these factors and others?
For some reason, there appear to be different means from a past time-frame and so anomalies are a separate topic. Sure, you calculate anomalies from each weather station or buoy but why then, if the same data points used, do you come up with a different mean over the past 30 years?
[TD] Read this then this then this. Then section 6 starting on page 190 of this.
[PS] No you dont get different means. That never changes. You are continuing to conflate "mean of baseline" with absolute temperature despite everyones efforts. What is so hard to understand about this?
And yes, they do adjust the data. Read the article. Do you seriously think you should not adjust data if say a screen is added over thermometer; the station is moved; or read at 3pm instead of 9pm? Even so, you can see that adjusted versus unadjusted data makes little difference. The biggest adjustment is to sea surface temperature and the adjustment reduces the trend not increases it. If science is some conspiracy to make you poor, why would they do that? Stop believing nonsense.
To the mod, read some of it. Will read more again later. Initial thoughts on this stuff is that the response to genuine questions appear to be "trust us", we know this and you do not. We can teach you, etc, etc,...and somewhat avoding the straightforward issue raised. I am not referring to you individually but rather the whole proponent industry.
The thing is every marker and everything many of us have learned about human behavior tells us, those on the fence or skeptics, that all of this has the hallmarks and "tell" of a sham. Now you can blast me, ban me or whatever. At this point I am not really trying to win an argument but just share how it comes off.
In fact, with the public, I think you guys have already lost but may not know it yet.
There are certain "tells" one learns to see in life. Over time, you see those patterns and learn. Of course you want to make sure, ask the right questions, hear the response and so forth. Be open-minded but the one thing you can't do is ignore the warning signs and there are a whole bunch of them here.
[PS] Obviously we cannot help the wilfully ignorant.
Eclectic at 16:15 PM on 26 September, 2017
Randman @509 , the objective evidence "tells" that you are talking rubbish.
Hard-core science-deniers such as you, will go to their graves before they will admit to the evidence in front of their eyes — though I suspect that some deniers will eventually back-pedal and try to re-write their history and will try to tell their grandchildren: "No, no, I was never one of those deniers — it's just that I had a few little doubts during the early stages of AGW".
MA Rodger at 17:43 PM on 26 September, 2017
You implore me not to "not miss the forest for the trees." Then you entirely dismiss my comments @501 saying "I addressed some of this in another post." It would be interesting to see if you could find that "other post" amongst this tangled comment thread you weave here. It is not evident to me.
Nobody can understand the "forest" without examining the "trees" and in your case you appear incapable of doing that.
Let us consider just one tree - the testimony of Hansen to the 1988 Senate Committee.
You have provided a newspaper articleof 5/7/88 which purports to inform their readers that Hansen told the Senate Committee about the 1951-80 anomaly base, that the average global temperature of that period was 59F. Yet have you ever heard the old adage "Don't believe everything you read in newspapers."? In this case it is good advice.
The newspaper quote looks quite definite. From The Day we read:-
All in black&white from a 1988 newspaper report. But for your purposes it isn't worth the paper it's written on! For a start, this is not what the NYT reported on the matter. From the NYT we read:-
"Dr. Hansen, who records temperatures from readings at monitoring stations around the world, had previously reported that four of the hottest years on record occurred in the 1980's. Compared with a 30-year base period from 1950 to 1980, when the global temperature averaged 59 degrees Fahrenheit, the temperature was one-third of a degree higher last year." (My bold)
And we also have the actual testemony of Hansen (as linked @501 had you cared to read that comment). Her it is - LINK. Nowhere does Hansen ever report to that 1988 Senate Committee, either in writing or verbally, that there was an average global temperature of "59 degrees Fahrenheit". Nowhere! That part of the newspaper report was incorrectly inserted into the account by the newspaper.
So that particular tree was rotten to the core. All the other "trees" are just as unreliable. If you like, we can address them tree-by-tree, but that would require you to actually read the comments people are responding to you with, to read and take on board what they are saying. But so far down this thread I see no sign of you doing that. So my advice here will likely fall on deaf ears.
MA Rodger, that's not a transcript from that session. Note how it does not include the question and answer part. Already informed you of this once, btw.
The fact we see Hansen and Jones and others quoted by media in the years 1988-1991 or 1992 all using 59 degrees as the mean lends credence to the NYTs quote you diagree with being valid and not a misquote. The mean of 59 degrees in Hansen's 1988 paper does the same.
[DB] Inflammatory and sloganeering snipped.
[JH] You are also skating on the thin ice of excessive repetition which is prohibited by the SkS Comments Poilicy.
randman @512,
You are entirely incorrect to state of the link I provided @501 and again @511 "that's not a transcript from that session." It is indeed a transcript. It is however not a transcript of the complete session. Being so, you are correct that it does not include the "question and answer part" of the session but if it had, my comment would have remained the same "Nowhere does Hansen ever report to that 1988 Senate Committee, either in writing or verbally, that there was an average global temperature of '59 degrees Fahrenheit'. Nowhere!" Perhaps you would care to check this by examining the transcript of the full session (which rather inconvenietly is somewhat longer than the part-transcript previously linked containing the relevant bit of Hansen's testiment.) This particular 'tree' within your 'forest' of unreliable quotes is as worthless in establishing your bold assertions as all the other 'trees'. I recommend you re-visit my comment @501 and consider each point in turn rather than ignoring them. Do note that the last does present irrefutable evidence which does actually make a complete nonsense of the bold assertions you have been making down this thread. (I even added a trace from Hansen et al (1981), just in case you start-up insisting that your 'randman event' was enacted on global temperature records prior to 1987.)
THe NYTs said he told Congress 59 degrees was the mean for the years between 1950-1980. Other media reported he claimed that as well, and in 1992, media reported Jones said the same thing.
And in 1981 in Hansen's paper, the mean he used for those years was roughly 59 degrees.
So far you've provided no facts or sources to counter this except your own incredulity. Where are your sources? I have provided mine.
[JH] Excessive repetiton and false claims snipped.
Either respond specifically to MA Rodger's #513 post or cease posting on this topic.
Let us stick with your ill-advised assertion that in June 1988 Hansen "told Congress 59 degrees was the mean for the years between 1950-1980." Let us deal with one-tree-at-a-time in your little forest of dodgy quotes.
In that regard, @514 you claim of me and my rebutal: "So far you've provided no facts or sources to counter this except your own incredulity." Are you having a laugh? @512 you dismissed the documentation provided @501/511 by insisting the Q&As at that 1988 Senate Hearing were missing but required (when they are not required) any insisting this missing aspect of the Senate Hearing had already been highlighted by you (although I see no evidence of such prior comment up-thread). And now you attempt to ignore the link I provide to the full documentation @513 (complete with Q&As). What is your problem? Can you not see that link? Because I'm sure everybody else can!!
MA Rodger at 19:50 PM on 2 October, 2017
The recent discourse about absolute global temperature appears to have ground to a halt but one aspect of this remained unmentioned and it might be appropriate to introduce it now - the Berkeley Earth temperature analysis. I was mindful that BEST would overly-complicate things for that enquirer. Yet as Rohde et al (2013) says "The Berkeley Average analysis process is somewhat unique in that it produces a global climatology and estimate of the global mean temperature as part of its natural operations." Thus mean absolute temperatures are to hand from the BEST data.
As a result, not only does BEST graph its global land temperature record using absolute values, it also provides within the data the absolute mean value of the anomaly base used (1951-80) for individual months and annually, the annual value being +8.7ºC. But this isn't entirely the end of this story.
Regarding the Land Only record, Rohde et al state "The global land average from 1900 to 2000 is 9.35 ± 1.45°C, broadly consistent with the estimate of 8.5°C provided by Peterson (et al 2011)." So the +8.7ºC value in the BEST data is a little different in Rohde et al. Further, this 8.5°C Peterson et al value is only re-quoted by Peterson et al, the value being taken from an NOAA FAQ table (on the 'mean temperature estimates' page), itself based on New et al (1999). Yet the true Global Land average temperatures are far far more dependent on local factors than the anomalies are. (Consider altitude - the average land altitude is 840m thus some 5ºC cooler than a sea-level average would be).
Note that while there are two different anomaly base periods in play here, the difference between them is tiny. The 1901-2000 mean is cooler than the 1951-80 mean by just 0.024°C in NOAA, with an almost identical tiny difference in BEST Land (and also BEST Land&Ocean).
Yet, while BEST Land temperatures may produce a global land absolute mean temperature "as part of its natural operations," that is not so clear with its Ocean data.
When combined with its Land Temperatures to create a full global Land&Ocean temperature series, BEST still provide the absolute value of the anomaly base (1951-80) within the data, that value being +14.720ºC or +15.305ºC (dependent on treatment of sea ice). Sea ice aside, the derevaton of an absolute value for SST is mostly trivial compared with the Land exercise. So if the quoted Land anomaly value of BEST & NOAA land temperatures is very close (+8.7ºC and +8.5ºC respectively) why are the global Land&Ocean values so different (+14.7ºC/15.3ºC and +13.9ºC respectively)? (And without an answer, this may have seen our recent enquirer running away shouting "I told you so!")
The SST data used by BEST is HadSST3 but the documentation on BEST's use of HadSST3 appears a little sparce. HadCRUT4 also uses HasSST3 but their average global mean anomaly value is roughly the same as NASA/NOAA and lower than BEST (although note the source of this HadCRUT4 data similarly give a BEST Land value as +9.17ºC).
So no answer is apparent to me. Yet, whatever its cause, the discrepancy makes not a jot of difference to the anomalies in the various SAT/SST records which are unaffected by anomaly base values and provide global temperature records that are pretty-much peas in a pod.
Oriolus Traillii at 22:54 PM on 8 November, 2017
Link http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Image:Satellite_Temperatures.png is broken (see "other lines of evidence for rising temperatures", bullet point 3 under "intermediate")
[DB] Fixed; thanks! (I also fixed the missing video on that page)
WesIsh at 01:07 AM on 15 February, 2019
How is it possible to measure the current temperature of Earth i.e. the biosphere with the precision and accuracy of 0.01 C over a time period of 1 year?
Max or not at 03:09 AM on 15 February, 2019
It ks not : https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/201813
[PS] Link fixed. Please learn how to create links yourself by using the link button in the comments editor.
And to go straight to the chase, the link reports global land/sea surface temperature anomaly is estimated to +/- 0.15C not 0.01.


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