text:
Q: Node.js server won't start on windows 7 64-bit It seems I have something very wrong with my set up, I currently have node -v //v0.10.29 installed on my windows 7 64Bit machine.
// Include http module.
var http = require("http");

http.createServer(function (request, response) {
    request.on("end", function () {
        response.writeHead(200, {
            'Content-Type': 'text/plain'
        });
        response.end('Hello HTTP!');
    });
}).listen(8080);

This is the file I have running via node http.js. There is nothing else in the folder other than this file.
Running this little badboy: node-inspector & node --debug http.js the following is returned in the cmd:
Node Inspector v0.7.4
Visit http://127.0.0.1:8080/debug?port=5858 to start debugging.

I can navigate to http://127.0.0.1:8080 and also the suggested url, navigating with debug?etc gives me a console, similar to chrome's developers tools.
Navigating to the url without the params gives me Cannot GET / with the request 404'in
With said headers:
Remote Address:127.0.0.1:8080
Request URL:http://127.0.0.1:8080/
Request Method:GET
Status Code:404 Not Found
Request Headersview source
Accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language:en-GB,en;q=0.8
Cache-Control:no-cache
Connection:keep-alive
Host:127.0.0.1:8080
Pragma:no-cache
User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like  Chrome/35.0.1916.153 Safari/537.36
Response Headersview source
Connection:keep-alive
Content-Type:text/html
Date:Thu, 17 Jul 2014 23:07:13 GMT
Transfer-Encoding:chunked
X-Powered-By:Express

So how can i connect to a simple http server in node.js and windows 7

A: // Include http module.
var http = require("http");

http.createServer(function (request, response) {
    request.on("end", function () {
        // ...
    });
    response.writeHead(200, {
        'Content-Type': 'text/plain'
    });
    response.end('Hello HTTP!');
}).listen(8080);

To understand the problem, we can do some experiments.
Add console logs around responses and request end event
console.log("response start");
response.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
response.end('Hello World\n');
console.log("response end");
request.on("end", function () {
    console.log("request end");
});

The output:
   response start
   response end
   request end

Then comment out this line of response.end.
console.log("response start");
response.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
//response.end('Hello World\n');
console.log("response end");
request.on("end", function () {
    console.log("request end");
});

Now the request is stuck. The end event is never emitted.
response start
response end

So the conclusion is end event of request only be fired after response.end is done. You shouldn't place your response in the body of request's end event.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Kelly's Directory of 1923 records Kempley as a parish on the confines of Herefordshire, near the high road from Gloucester and Newent through Dymock to Much Marcle, in Herefordshire, 2 miles west from Dymock station on the Gloucester, Ledbury and Worcester branch of the Great Western railway, 6 south-south-west from Ledbury, 4½ north-north-west from Newent and 12½ west-north-west from Gloucester, in the Forest of Dean division of the county, hundred of Botloe, union, petty sessional division and county court district of Newent, rural deanery of North Forest and archdeaconry and diocese of Gloucester.
The church of Edward the Confessor - "built in 1902-3, at the cost of Earl Beauchamp, who also furnished the design, is of local stone, and consists of nave with north chapel, porch, vestry and a tower containing 2 bells". All the timber used in the construction is of oak grown within the parish. There is a rood beam, carved and painted with figures, and three carvings in stone, two on the exterior of the church and one in the porch. There are 160 sittings.
The parish records, which belonged to the original church of St Mary, begin in 1637. In 1923, the living had been held since 1921 by the Rev. Daniel Gethyn-Jones.
Kelly also mentions the property named "Stonehouse" - "a mansion of the 16th century, and formerly the manor house, [which] was rebuilt in 1883, when nearly all the fine oak carving, exhibiting the crown and initials of James I. was removed by the 6th Earl Beauchamp, to Madresfield Court, Worcestershire; the only portion of the old house now remaining is the kitchen ceiling". In 1923, it was occupied by Mr. William Turner as a farmhouse.
St Edward the Confessor's Church, Kempley shown on a Google Map.
Places of Worship in Kempley shown on a Google Map.
Information last updated on 17 Feb 2015 at 08:59.
Please also remember that whilst the above account may suggest that St Edward the Confessor's Church remains open and accessible, this may not remain so.
This Report was created 22 Apr 2019 - 11:39:26 BST from information held in the Gloucestershire section of the Places of Worship Database. This was last updated on 7 Feb 2019 at 07:45.


text:
Turlock High QB standout signs with SMSU
Former Turlock High and MJC quarterback Danny Velasquez received a full-ride scholarship to play football at Southwest Minnesota State University (Journal file photo).
Former Turlock High School quarterback Danny Velasquez will continue his college football career at Southwest Minnesota State University on a full-ride scholarship after inking his letter of intent to play for the Mustangs.
The move to join SMSU takes Velasquez off the roster at Fresno State and is the latest development in a college career that has seen him shuffle to and from several teams since graduating high school in 2016.
"The biggest thing that caught my attention is they run a simple offense similar to MJC's," Velasquez said. "I'm really excited to get to work on that offense."
After earning back-to-back Central California Conference MVP awards and helping Turlock High win its first league title in nine years, Velasquez suited up for Modesto Junior College as a true freshman in 2017 and recorded a combined 2,770 yards and 29 touchdowns en route to a Gridiron Bowl win. His success on the field prompted interest from Division I programs and Velasquez accepted a full-ride offer to play at Portland State University. He appeared in only two games before his sophomore season was cut short due to injury, prompting a return to MJC in 2019.
The Turlock High alum racked up a combined 3,493 yards and 34 touchdowns during his second stint as a Pirate and was prominently featured in an episode of the Netflix original series "Last Chance U" in which he recorded a combined 279 yards and four touchdowns in a 33-20 win over Laney College.
The televised performance garnered the attention of the Fresno Bulldogs, which offered the Turlocker a spot on their roster and a chance to fight for the quarterback position. Velasquez was set to once again chase his dream of playing D1 football before the COVID-19 pandemic put an end to athletic activities in the spring.
With no sign of athletics resuming in California and with another full-ride offer on the table, Velasquez felt SMSU's offer was too good to pass up despite its DII status.
"It was kind of a tough decision for me," Velasquez said. "I left Fresno because of the whole COVID thing. I just felt like my opportunity was gone and I got a lot of interest from other schools after that 'Last Chance U' episode came out."
"I think, for me, growing up it was always a D1 or bust mentality. I think it got me to a point where I was competing at a high level, but I think I also missed out on a lot of good opportunities over the years," he added.
Velasquez will share the locker room with two other local talents in John Romero of Johansen High School and former MJC teammate Kendrick Bond of Patterson High School as he attempts to lead the Mustangs to their first winning season since 2015.
"All three of us are excited about the whole thing. We're trying to get some more people from around here to go, but we'll see," Velasquez said.
In addition to football, Velasquez will also continue to pursue a degree in Communication Studies.
"The biggest thing is just getting my degree. I never thought I was going to make it this far anyway, I always thought I'd end up on a farm," Velasquez said with a laugh.
"The coaches have been saying they want us there for early January but we're waiting to see what the governor has to say with this whole lockdown. I'm ready to get out of here and go play."
Pitman grad takes her athletic passions to Arizona
Alumni Highlight: Anthony Frias II
Stanislaus State alumni recognized as finalist for NCAA Woman of the Year
ALUMNI HIGHLIGHT: KYAHN ISSA

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Long Island, VA (View All Cities)
Pittsylvania County
Long Island, VA
ZIP code 24569 is located in southern Virginia and covers a slightly less than average land area compared to other ZIP codes in the United States. It also has a slightly less than average population density.
The people living in ZIP code 24569 are primarily white. The number of middle aged adults is extremely large while the number of seniors is large. There are also a slightly higher than average number of single parents and a slightly less than average number of single adults. The percentage of children under 18 living in the 24569 ZIP code is slightly less than average compared to other areas of the country.
29 people per sq mi
36.18 sq mi
Male 24 25 40 34 26 24 26 18 34 40 55 39 37 40 26 12 9 7
Total 59 58 69 66 58 50 48 48 74 78 105 82 77 73 53 24 24 18
5-9 25 33 58
Owner 3 15 41 75 82 74 26 16
Total 12 26 62 96 92 91 29 17
15-24 3 9 12
Male 4 2 6 6 2 7 5 7 4 12 7 6 5 10 7 5 9 8 5 5
Female 7 6 4 9 5 0 5 9 14 6 5 7 6 5 9 6 6 9 2 10
Total 11 8 10 15 7 7 10 16 18 18 12 13 11 15 16 11 15 17 7 15
ZIP code 24569 has a slightly less than average percentage of vacancies.
The majority of household are owned or have a mortgage. Homes in ZIP code 24569 were primarily built in the 2000s or the 1990s. Looking at 24569 real estate data, the median home value of $125,600 is slightly less than average compared to the rest of the country. It is also high compared to nearby ZIP codes. So you are less likely to find inexpensive homes in 24569. Rentals in 24569 are most commonly 2 bedrooms. The rent for 2 bedrooms is normally $500-$749/month including utilities. Prices for rental property include ZIP code 24569 apartments, townhouses, and homes that are primary residences.
1,064 100%
The median household income of $38,396 is compared to the rest of the country. It is also compared to nearby ZIP codes. So 24569 is likely to be one of the nicer parts of town with a more affluent demographic.
As with most parts of the country, vehicles are the most common form of transportation to places of employment. Pedestrians and cyclists beware. The area has some of lowest percentages of commutes without a vehicle in the country. Compared to other ZIP codes in the country, 24569 has very few people that work at home. In most parts of the country, the majority of commuters get to work in under half an hour. In 24569 though, the percentage of people that make it to work in under half an hour is among the lowest. It is much more common for employees to have to travel over 45 minutes to their place of employment than most parts of country which could indicate bad traffic or that people typically live far from where they work.
The percentage of people that did not graduate high school is among the highest in the nation. Despite the lower high school graduation rates, slightly more than the average number of people in the area graduated college.
Altavista, VA
Gladys, VA
Gretna, VA
Hurt, VA
Nathalie, VA


Reflex Creapure Creatine is a dietary supplement containing creatine monohydrate. Creatine improves physical performance during intense, repetitive and short activities.
Ingredients: 100% creatine monohydrate (Creapure).
Allergen information: may contain gluten, eggs, fish, crustaceans, milk and soy derivatives, nuts.
Mix 1 scoop (5g) with 500 ml of water or preferred drink.


Welcome back to the Disney Parks Moms Panel! How exciting that you have a pre-park opening breakfast reservation at The Crystal Palace. My family and I just adore this character experience!
Since the Let the Magic Begin show started, guests can enter Magic Kingdom theme park one hour prior to park opening to enjoy the shops on Main Street, U.S.A. before the show. With your 8:00 a.m. breakfast reservation, you will be able to enter the park prior to 8:00 a.m. On our last visit, they let us in about 7:45 a.m. to get to our 8:00 a.m. breakfast reservation.
From Disney's Grand Floridian Resort & Spa, you should be able to take the Resort Monorail to Magic Kingdom to get to your breakfast reservation. On our last visit in July, we stayed at Disney's Polynesian Village Resort and the Resort Monorail started service at 7:00 a.m. Just double-check the monorail hours when you arrive. Also remember that the monorail to Epcot may have different hours or the monorail may be out of service temporarily.
If you have not done so, download the My Disney Experience Mobile App. The app has a terrific "Get Directions" feature that will let you see possible transit routes and estimated times between locations. We absolutely live by the app.
Cindy, I trust your little ones will love marching in the Pooh-rade at The Crystal Palace! When we dined there on our last visit, we also had a window table with a lovely view of Cinderella Castle. It was just perfect!


text:
Potter and Teacher: Sia is a functional potter with a background in wood-firing and production. Her education in this field was the traditional apprenticeship / immersion route, working under and with a rotation of several Master Potters for 5 months and before that intensively as a studio apprentice for professional potters in two different states. She has always been a natural teacher, ranging from piano and guitar lessons to kids' choral presentations to art lessons. Merging form and function, she creates dishes for everyday use, therefore bringing beauty into our daily lives and ordinary motions. Her love of pottery is rooted in her lifelong love of tea and the cradling of mugs. This became such a grounding routine in her day that she was determined to create the dishes that she wanted to hold. Her love for wind, weather and water is the spirit breathing life into her clay-work.
Watercolor and Folk Artist: Sia studied watercolor painting in Maine on Vinalhaven Island with local celebrated artists. They remain a huge inspiration to her, especially in her watercolor journaling endeavors. The highlight of her young-mother years were the numerous kitchen-table art sessions with her children and she delights in reading to her young people books illustrated by inspiring, humorous artists Helen Oxenbury, Mairi Hedderwick and Marla Frazee, to name a few. Along with her friend Mary Pemberton, she does simple folk-art illustrations for Soul Gardening Journal and is currently working on watercolor illustrations for her children's books. In the meantime, she is stocking her inventory for her paper offerings including stationary, calendars, prints, notecards and more.
Doula: From a very young age, Sia has been passionate about womanhood, the feminine, and what our bodies are capable of and created to do, physically and intuitively. Passionate about motherhood on the whole, for the past decade+ of being a mother herself, she has prioritized woman-support in all kinds of ways, both through her ministry of her paper mother's magazine (Soul Gardening Journal) and through service to her own community. She is an advocate of postpartum rest, healing and essential mama-baby bonding and is a firm believer in embracing the present and savoring this quickly-passing chapter of life. She considers it an honor and a gift to be able to serve women in this capacity and you can view her services here.
Writer and Editor: Sia grew up in a literature-rich home and was raised by two writers who were ruthless when it came to grammar and Good writing. While her writing education was excellent, she personally takes a more casual approach by weaving her writing into her creative endeavors such as her paper mother's magazine and children's stories. She has written several reflections, essays and five children's books which she hopes to publish someday.
Sia is mother to four sons and two daughters. A transplant from the Bay Area and Eastern Ohio, she currently makes her home in the Columbia River Valley of SW Washington state. Life with children in the home continues to be a life-giving gift and art in and of itself.


Since arriving in Australia in 1984, Ilve has become one of Australia's most sought-after suppliers of premium ovens and cook tops. Staying true to its Italian heritage, Ilve has become known as the brand for of people who are simply passionate about cooking. Established in Venice in 1952, Ilve has expanded its product range to include fridges, wine fridges, dishwashers and coffee machines, all incorporating versatility and performance to provide personal satisfaction.
Ilve's dedication to product research has seen it revolutionise cooking in the household by introducing the Teppanyaki method, while its design team has hand-crafted the Nostalgie & Quadra styles to enhance your kitchen concept. Each of Ilve's ovens is hand-assembled by a single master craftsman from the finest materials, making every piece a work of culinary art.
Ilve's line of built-in ovens includes steam ovens, microwaves and a specialised pizza oven that cooks pizza to perfection in as little as three minutes. Ilve also manufactures a wide range of stylish freestanding ovens in different styles to suit any kitchen décor, along with a range of stovetops. These are matched with Ilve rangehoods, which feature one of the most powerful extraction rates available in the consumer market, stainless steel construction and stainless steel filters. The Ilve range of dishwashers features impressive capacity and is available in built-in, semi-integrated or fully-integrated styles, to give you a beautiful appliance that completes your integrated kitchen. Both the freestanding and built-in Ilve coffee machines are among the most advanced fully-automatic and manual coffee machines on the market, capable of introducing a different pre-ground or de-caffeinated coffee for each individual shot.
With a tradition of continuous technological research, and relentless innovation, Ilve is dedicated to bringing its unique brand of Italian hand-craftsmanship to the passionate home and professional cooks of Australia. It's fair to say that Italy is well-known for its passions, and if the appliances from Ilve are any indication, the company is not only passionate about the appearance of its products, but their craftsmanship and performance.
Whether you're looking for something in a more modern or more traditional style, the quality of ILVE's appliances means that you can count on their results in the kitchen. Making use of a well-crafted appliance lets you create the finest of dishes, and the range of accessories Ilve has on offer will satisfy even a professional chef with their versatility.


text:
Positive Arithmetic of the Welfare State
Conde-Ruiz, José Ignacio
Galasso, Vincenzo
J. Ignacio Conde-Ruiz
Vincenzo Galasso
Why does the largest US welfare programme select its recipients by their age, rather than by their earnings or wealth? In a dynamic efficient overlapping generation economy with earnings heterogeneity, we analyze a welfare system composed of a within-cohort redistribution scheme and an unfunded social security system. The programme's size is determined in a bidimensional majoritarian election. For enough income inequality and elderly in the population, both welfare programs are supported as a structure-induced political equilibrium of a voting game played by successive generation of voters. Social security is sustained by a voting coalition of retirees and low-income young, intragenerational redistribution by low-income young. Two features are crucial: the retirees' political power, deriving from their homogeneous voting, and the intragenerational redistribution component of the social security. Therefore, to assess how changes in inequality affect the welfare state, the income distribution should be decomposed by age groups.
Conde-Ruiz, José Ignacio & Galasso, Vincenzo, 1999. "Positive Arithmetic of the Welfare State," CEPR Discussion Papers 2202, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
Conde-Ruiz, Jose Ignacio & Galasso, Vincenzo, 2005. "Positive arithmetic of the welfare state," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(5-6), pages 933-955, June.
Conde-Ruiz, J.I. & Galasso, V., 2000. "Positive Arithmetic of the Welfare State," Economics Working Papers eco2000/23, European University Institute.
J. Ignacio Conde-Ruiz & Vincenzo Galasso, "undated". "Positive Arithmetic of the Welfare State," Working Papers 2003-04, FEDEA.
Breyer, Friedrich & Craig, Ben, 1997. "Voting on social security: Evidence from OECD countries," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 705-724, December.
Friedrich Breyer & Ben R. Craig, 1995. "Voting on social security: evidence from OECD countries," Working Papers (Old Series) 9511, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, revised 1995.
Esteban Joan Maria & Sakovics Jozsef, 1993. "Intertemporal Transfer Institutions," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 61(2), pages 189-205, December.
Esteban, J.M. & sakovics, J., 1992. "Intertemp[oral Transfer Institutions," UFAE and IAE Working Papers 172.92, Unitat de Fonaments de l'Anàlisi Econòmica (UAB) and Institut d'Anàlisi Econòmica (CSIC).
Georges Casamatta & Helmuth Cremer & Pierre Pestieau, 2000. "The Political Economy of Social Security," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 102(3), pages 503-522, September.
CASAMATTA, Georges & CREMER, Helmuth & PESTIEAU, Pierre, 1999. "The political economy of social security," CORE Discussion Papers 1999055, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
Georges Casamatta & Helmuth Cremer & Pierre Pestieau, 2000. "The Political Economy of Social Security," CESifo Working Paper Series 259, CESifo Group Munich.
CASAMATTA, Georges & CREMER , Helmuth & PESTIEAU, Pierre, 2000. "The political economy of social security," CORE Discussion Papers RP 1475, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
Conde-Ruiz, J. Ignacio & Galasso, Vincenzo, 2004. "The macroeconomics of early retirement," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(9-10), pages 1849-1869, August.
J. Ignacio Conde-Ruiz & Vincenzo Galasso, "undated". "The Macroeconomics of Early Retirement," Working Papers 2003-05, FEDEA.
Conde-Ruiz, José Ignacio & Galasso, Vincenzo, 2003. "The Macroeconomics of Early Retirement," CEPR Discussion Papers 3896, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
J. Ignacio Conde-Ruiz & Vincenzo Galasso, "undated". "The Macroeconomic of Early Retirement," Working Papers 194, IGIER (Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research), Bocconi University.
Roberts, Kevin W. S., 1977. "Voting over income tax schedules," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 8(3), pages 329-340, December.
John Hassler & José V. Rodríguez Mora & Kjetil Storesletten & Fabrizio Zilibotti, 2003. "The Survival of the Welfare State," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 93(1), pages 87-112, March.
Hassler, John & Mora, José V Rodríguez & Storesletten, Kjetil & Zilibotti, Fabrizio, 2001. "The Survival of the Welfare State," CEPR Discussion Papers 2905, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
Hassler, John & Mora, Jose & Storesletten, Kjetil & Zilibotti, Fabrizio, 2002. "The Survival of the Welfare State," Seminar Papers 704, Stockholm University, Institute for International Economic Studies.
John Hassler & José V. Rodríguez Mora & Kjetil Storesletten & Fabrizio Zilibotti, 2001. "The survival of the welfare state," Economics Working Papers 603, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
Meltzer, Allan H & Richard, Scott F, 1981. "A Rational Theory of the Size of Government," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 89(5), pages 914-927, October.
Boskin, Michael J. & Kotlikoff, Lawrence J. & Puffert, Douglas J. & Shoven, John B., 1986. "Social Security: A Financial Appraisal Across and Within Generations," CEPR Publications 244432, Stanford University, Center for Economic Policy Research.
Michael J. Boskin & Laurence J. Kotlikoff & Douglas J. Puffert & John B. Shoven, 1986. "Social Security: A Financial Appraisal Across and Within Generations," NBER Working Papers 1891, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
Vincenzo Quadrini & Javier Diaz-Gimenez & Jose-Victor Rios-Rull, 1997. "Dimensions of inequality: facts on the U.S. distributions of earnings, income, and wealth," Quarterly Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, issue spr, pages 3-21.
Grossman, Gene M & Helpman, Elhanan, 1998. "Intergenerational Redistribution with Short-Lived Governments," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 108(450), pages 1299-1329, September.
Grossman,G.M. & Helpman,E., 1996. "Intergenerational Redistribution with Short-Lived Governements," Papers 2-96, Tel Aviv.
Grossman, Gene & Helpman, Elhanan, 1996. "Intergenerational Redistribution with Short-lived Governments," CEPR Discussion Papers 1396, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 1996. "Intergenerational Redistribution with Short-Lived Governments," NBER Working Papers 5447, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E., 1996. "Intergenerational Redistribution with Short-Lived Governments," Papers 178, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
Galasso, Vincenzo & Profeta, Paola, 2002. "The political economy of social security: a survey," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 1-29, March.
Tabellini, Guido, 2000. " A Positive Theory of Social Security," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 102(3), pages 523-545, June.
Tabellini, Guido, 1990. "A Positive Theory of Social Security," CEPR Discussion Papers 394, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
Guido Tabellini, 1990. "A Positive Theory of Social Security," NBER Working Papers 3272, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
Azariadis, Costas & Galasso, Vincenzo, 2002. "Fiscal Constitutions," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 103(2), pages 255-281, April.
J. Ignacio Conde-Ruiz & Vincenzo Galasso, 2003. "Early Retirement," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 6(1), pages 12-36, January.
J. Ignacio Conde-Ruiz & Vincenzo Galasso, "undated". "Early retirement," Working Papers 2003-03, FEDEA.
Conde-Ruiz, J.I. & Galasso, V., 2000. "Early Retirement," Economics Working Papers eco2000/24, European University Institute.
Conde-Ruiz, José Ignacio & Galasso, Vincenzo, 2000. "Early Retirement," CEPR Discussion Papers 2589, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
Marco Bassetto, 2008. "Political Economy of Taxation in an Overlapping-Generations Economy," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 11(1), pages 18-43, January.
Marco Bassetto, 1999. "Political economy of taxation in an overlapping-generations economy," Discussion Paper / Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics 133, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
Thomas F. Cooley & Jorge Soares, 1999. "A Positive Theory of Social Security Based on Reputation," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 107(1), pages 135-160, February.
Casamatta, Georges & Cremer, Helmuth & Pestieau, Pierre, 2000. " The Political Economy of Social Security," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 102(3), pages 503-522, June.
Georges Casamatta & Helmuth Cremer & Emeritus Pierre Pestieau, 2000. "The Political Economy of Social Security," CESifo Working Paper Series 259, CESifo Group Munich.
Vincenzo Galasso, 1999. "The US Social Security System: What Does Political Sustainability Imply?," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 2(3), pages 698-730, July.
Krusell, Per & Quadrini, Vincenzo & Rios-Rull, Jose-Victor, 1997. "Politico-economic equilibrium and economic growth," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 243-272, January.
Michele Boldrin & Aldo Rustichini, 2000. "Political Equilibria with Social Security," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 3(1), pages 41-78, January.
Perotti, Roberto, 1996. "Growth, Income Distribution, and Democracy: What the Data Say," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 1(2), pages 149-187, June.
Lindert, Peter H., 1996. "What Limits Social Spending?," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 1-34, January.
Romer, Thomas, 1975. "Individual welfare, majority voting, and the properties of a linear income tax," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 4(2), pages 163-185, February.
Income Equality; Social Security; Structure-Induced Equilibrium;
D72 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
H53 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions


text:
The Mecca of All Hot Springs: We Finally Make It!
Entering Saline Valley Rd with the baja. Notice the Road Closed sign.
The third time is the charm, as they say. And it definitely was the charm for us, as we can finally say that we've made it into Saline Valley after three attempts! We must have had an unknown good luck charm riding with us that day, because we actually almost didn't make it. But I'm getting ahead of myself telling the story here, so let me back up.
Saline Valley is now a part of Death Valley National Park and is known for being one of the last unspoiled large Death Valley-like valleys left. Its also known for its natural hot springs, which have been taken care of by volunteers and squatters for many many years. Somebody planted huge palm trees at the springs, so they resemble the classic picture of an oasis in the middle of a dry and parched desert. Birds sing, wild burros roam, and a lush grassy lawn under the shade of tall and full palms invite the curious soakers who make it there. Stories of beautiful tiled hot tubs (complete with a hot shower in one area) in the middle of a rarely visited and hard-to-get-to pristine desert valley drew us in. Since I heard of this fabled place over one year ago, we had to go. I mean, WE HAD TO GO. There was no if, there was only when. Only determined souls go there, we heard, and we had plenty of will, so we knew there would be a way.
Saline valley Rd as it descends into Saline Valley once over Hunter Mt area.
But what you equally hear about, in addition to the hot springs, are the roads which go into the valley. There are four roads, actually, and you can take your pick. First, the most popular is the south pass of Saline Valley Rd, and then there is also the north pass. Finally there is Steel Pass, and Lippencott Rd. (both of which are worse than the first two). We heard that all were extremely bad and in horrible condition. The park service keeps a 'Road Closed' sign at the intersections of Saline Valley Rd with the paved major highway to keep people out. It is not actually closed for most of the year, but the sign is meant to scare people, or at least make then think twice before continuing. The only time the roads actually close is when they are impassible by snow or if a section gets washed out. Even then, you can still attempt to drive on through. Well anyways, we took all of the rumors seriously, so we decided to take the baja because it had a lot of clearance and take some extra gas too.
Ice breaks up into tiny chards as we drove through one of a few cold springs which pooled in the road (yes its that cold).
It took us all day driving just to get to Panamint Springs, the closest place that has gas to the intersection where Saline Valley Rd and Hwy 190 (which goes through the national park) meet. Since it was dark when we got there, we decided to gas up, buy some post cards, and get a camping spot for the night. Could you believe that it only cost $7.50/night to camp!? That's so cheap! I guess it was the off-season price. We had no fire or anything to keep us warm, so after we set up our tent (and after our mom realized that scorpions and snakes weren't going to eat her alive) we sat inside the baja to keep warm while we had dinner and drinks. Then we went to sleep.
Finally in Saline Valley.
I was woken up by the sun the next morning. But it was still very early because it was really cold outside! That didn't matter though because we were really excited to get going on our way down to Saline Valley. We quickly packed up the tents and stuff, and started driving back to the intersection a few miles away. When we got there, we saw the traditional Road Closed sign along with a sign that read 'High Clearance Vehicles Recommended.' Okay, we were prepared for that. What we weren't prepared for was the great condition of the road, exactly opposite of what we thought. We were expecting crazy ruts and large boulders in the road, or washed out sections. We got none of that. It was flat and wide for most of it, except when it dipped into a dry wash near Hunter Mountain. That part was slightly rutted up and rocky, but not bad. We kept commenting how we've been on worse roads in the national park, and they don't have any Road Closed signs. We started to think they must be putting the signs up to keep people at the springs to a minimum.
Well, it took us a bit over an hour of driving until we were deep in the middle of the valley, approaching the salt lake playa and dunes area. Romy had to go pee after all the washboards, so we pulled over. It would have been a routine potty break except that when Romy walked around the back to check the oil and if random parts didn't fall off, we got the shock of our life! A HUGE puddle of oil was under the baja, with a steady trail that lead about 30 ft back on the road and then stopped. The engine was still dripping steadily. Actually, it wasn't dripping, it was pouring! I would estimate we lost almost one quart right there. I feel bad about the spill.
Getting towed in by a Jeep!
Romy decided, after peeking around under the engine, that the rear main seal must have went bad, and that was the source of the oil leak. The good news was that we had two quarts of oil with us, but the bad news was that we didn't have any way to fix the seal, because we didn't have one to replace it. And we were over 50 miles from the nearest paved road, which was still at least 10 or so miles from the nearest town. We weren't sure if we could drive the baja that far without loosing all of the oil in the engine, drip by drip! We only saw one other car since we got into Saline Valley, so we figured our chances of being towed were slim. We started flagging down every car that passed by at that point. About 10 minutes into our wait, the first car came by. We asked them if they had any oil to spare. They didn't. And they said they couldn't tow us. But they gave us some good news. They said that there were hundreds of people (!) at the hot springs and that we were very close to the turn off that went to the springs. If we could get to the turn off, then there would be tons of people driving in or out. So we decided to try and push the baja to the turn off.
Palm Hot Spring (the slightly cooler pool).
We got some good momentum going, but then the road started going uphill. We couldn't keep pushing it, so we decided to get it far off to the side of the road and keep waiting for more people to pass by. As if on cue, we hear the roar of another car coming down the road. This time it was a Jeep, and it was flying down the road so fast, we didn't think it would stop in time! But the Jeep stopped, and we explained our situation. It was a nice couple and they were headed for the springs. They said that they could tow us into the springs where there was a satellite phone for emergencies, and lots of people who might or might not have spare parts and extra oil. Then the couple offered to tow us back out of Saline Valley on Sunday if we couldn't get it going again before that (it was Thursday, Thanksgiving day). We had nothing to lose at that point. We wanted to go to the springs, we were offered a tow in and out, we had enough food and water for ourselves for the next 4 days - what more could we ask for?! So there we were, hooking up our tow strap to the back of the small trailer that they were pulling behind their Jeep.
We got pulled the last five or so miles from Saline Valley Rd, to the turn off, and then down the sandy and bumpy road to the springs. The whole time, I was kind of thinking if what we were doing was really very sensible. The most reasonable thing to have done, probably, was wait for somebody who was willing to tow us out of there so we could fix the baja. It would of been a bummer. But instead we were getting towed deeper into the middle of nowhere, Saline Valley. But what the heck!? We were thwarted by these springs twice before, and the third time's the charm, damn it! We were going to have our charm even if we had to limp our way in (with the help of a Jeeper of all things)! Soon we could see the silhouette of large palm trees in the distance, and all of the worries were pushed aside with excitement of finally getting to the fabled hot springs of Saline Valley!
The hot pool at Palm Hot Spring.
What came next was a bit of a shock (this trip was turning out to have a lot of shocks sprinkled here and there). Now, we knew it was Thanksgiving and all, and we also knew that a lot of people go to Saline Valley to have a communal dinner, but the sheer number of people that started coming into view as we got closer, we were not prepared for! Car after car, trucks, tents, and even a yurt! Vans with solar panels, and crazy hippies and naked people abound! I swear it was straight out of Easy Rider, a hippie commune in the desert. When I thought of a large gathering here for Thanksgiving, I was thinking 50 people max. We saw hundreds! Later that weekend, we heard the headcount for dinner was over 200, which meant that there was at least twice as many people camping because not all went to the communal dinner that night.
Upper Warm Spring, which is fenced to keep the wild burros out.
So here we were for at least the next four days, and I was starting to laugh about what my mom thought of all this. She was shocked too, because she kept making comments about the weirdos and all the naked people. We got out of the baja and thanked the Jeepers for pulling us in. Now we had to find a camp spot. They towed us into one of the last open areas, on top of an old travertine expanse. At that point we unhooked from each other, and started setting up camp. The guy (named Rick) who pulled us in left us with a final comment. He said, "You do know this place is clothing optional, right?" And we said, "Of course." Thats how hot springs usually are. We thought he was referring to the springs, so gave no other thought to the odd, seemingly random comment. And then we looked around. Our nearest camping neighbors were both buck naked, apparently cooking dinner for the communal dinner which they were planning on going naked to. It was almost comedic, because it was only about 60 degrees out. And then my my mom pointed in the direction of the Jeepers who towed us in. "Honey, he's naked!" She laughed. OMG the Jeeper was getting naked too!
Saline Valley dunes stretch for a couple miles on the west side of the valley.
Apparently, we had not heard of the nudists at Saline Valley. After a few minutes, we all got over the novelty, and accepted that some people just like to be naked, even if its only 60 degrees outside. We just tried not to stare. Besides, there were a lot of other weirdos walking around to pay attention to. Like the guy in the Barney costume with duck feet. Or the pirate man, or the guy in the skirt made out of old ties. . . lets just say that if you looked 'normal', you were actually the weird one. We were surrounded by a lot of 'artist' types - people who use their creativity in unusual ways. It was actually kind of refreshing. We hang out with nerds everyday at school. We are nerds.
While I set up the tents with my mom, Romy immediately started working on the baja, trying to take a closer look to see what exactly was wrong. After an hour or so, he discovered that the oil cooler was extremely loose. And that the rear main seal was intact and that the oil was most likely leaking from the large gap that opened up when the oil cooler wiggled its way loose from all of the bumps in the road for the past 60 miles or so. That was such good news to hear! After all, we would be able to fix it by just tightening the oil cooler back up, and refilling the oil. And with that news, we were pretty happy to head to the hot springs to check them out.
The baja parked outside of the Lower Warm Springs area.
There were actually three sets of springs. The main area, where the communal dinner was being served, and where there are many small hot tubs complete with a shower, is called Lower Warm Springs. There is even a lawn that is continuously being replanted and watered by the 'campground host.' I have the feeling he's been a squatter there for a long time, and became the host when the national park took the place over. He lives there year round and takes care of all the tubs and springs. It is completely voluntary and he gets no money (or so we heard and read). About 3/4 mile further to the east is another hot spring called Palm Hot Spring. There are two large jacuzzi style tubs build there, both fed by the same source. One is kept around body temperature while the other is about 105 degrees. Thats where we went our first night at the springs. It was packed with people, but not so bad. Everyone was pretty friendly.
Further up the road, heading toward Steel Pass, there is a third and final set of springs called Upper Warm Spring. It is left in its natural state (meaning no tub or anything), although people dug out two muddy bottom pools to soak in. The springs are surrounding by green bushes, and fenced in completely to keep the wild burros out. The wild burros were once tame and owned by the many miners in the valley until they went bust. The miners released their burros and now they are wild, roaming freely in the valley and occasionally invading the campground looking for food that drunk people or stoned people leave out overnight. We went to check it out the next morning after we arrived (the day after Thanksgiving), but already found a bunch of people in there. In fact, it was hard to not find people everywhere. So we decided to wait a little bit and eat our lunch while the people who were already there were in the pool. We had salami and cheese sandwiches with some dried figs and dates. When we finished lunch, we waited some more. And kept waiting and waiting, but apparently these people were just going to keep sitting in the pool until they turned into prunes. Then, another car rolled in, and we saw people converging on the spring by foot. I was kind of getting pissed off at the people who were hogging the springs, so we decided to just leave and go visit the Saline Dunes instead. On our drive out, we passed about 8 more people, all headed to the spring either by foot or by Jeep. How crazy!
The bath at Lower Warm Springs where you can take a hot or cold shower.
After that point, I was starting to find the whole situation of feeling extremely crowed in the middle of such a huge deserted place a little bit ironic, in a bad way. Of course, we picked one of the most busiest times to come and visit, but its also one of the only times that we have enough time off to make the trip out there worth it. I just did not expect so many people there. Most of the people were very nice and kept to themselves, but others were very annoying. There was definitely a click of people (they called themselves 'camps') that had been coming to the valley every year for many years. I also got the impression that some of them had lived out their better years in the 70s and 80s at the springs, and have regular reunions. These were the people who I didn't like the most, because they had a very strange attitude. They openly commented about themselves and how long they had been coming to the springs, almost with this air about them, like they owned the place or something! One of the alpha females of the group came to the crowded hotter pool at the Palm Hot Spring one night (along with her posse), and saw that it was full. She rudely (but nicely) kicked people out by making all kinds of annoying comments, like, "Isn't it dinner time, guys?", etc, etc, blah blah blah. We had just got there, so there was no way in hell we were moving, but it worked on about 1/3 of the people (maybe because they had experienced her in the past). In some ways I wish we had decided to go to another pool, because being in the pool with those people was weird. They would talk and sing out loud (encouraging others to sing with them), and do a ooohhhmmmmmmm thing. They talked about their weird religion, and how they had to bless things and other strange stuff. Other people at the large pool were talking too (not part of their posse), but as soon as the conversation moved away from the posse, the alpha female said she wanted a moment of silence. WTF? Apparently, it was ok when they talked, but it was too noisy when others not part of their group talked. Somebody shoot me if I ever get that way!
A bay window bus made it all the way from Utah!
Okay, so I am going to complain some more. What gets me pissed off is that you can tell that these people were once young and hippie types. Except now, after hearing the way that they talked about themselves, they all grew up, made money, and lived in large expensive houses, like the alpha female who kept talking about her home on the top of the Santa Cruz mountains with a pool. It seems like the hippies turned into everything they once hated. Now they are just yuppies. Yuppies who come to Saline Valley once a year to reminisce about the old times, and make themselves feel good about themselves. Whatever.
And now that I got all the bad out, I do have one good thing to say. Even though they were all kind of old (in their 50s, 60s, and even one woman in her 70s), they all looked very young! There must be something they were doing that kept them looking so good. Maybe its their way of thinking and their religion (or stress-free life style?). I don't know. Maybe it was because the sun was going down and I didn't get a real good look at them up close. Maybe they were really all wrinkled, but I just couldn't tell. Maybe it was because they were all skinny?
Art display in the middle of the desert.
Anyways, there were also plenty of other types of people there too, like the off-roaders kind. I tend to like those people more. They seemed to be there because of the challenge of getting there, and the springs we like a bonus at the end of the tunnel. The second night we camped, we went for an hour dip into one of the larger pools at the Lower Warm Spring. The crowd there seemed more normal. But we did meet one younger person (younger than us) that apparently grew up at the springs. Then we started hearing a lot of comments about children literally being born at the springs. So that's why I have the feeling that there must have been people squatting at the springs before the park took it over. They must have raised kids there and everything. I guess as long as you have shelter and food, you're all set to go, because there is plenty of water (hot and cold)!
One interesting story we heard while we were in the tub, sharing company with more normal people, was one about a bee farmer. This was apparently a pretty recent story because the man is still alive (or maybe just recently passed away). Well, this bee farmer, decided to he wanted to keep his bees in Saline Valley because there is a salt lake with marshy type plants and other vegetation which the bees can make honey from. However, he didn't know that there were already roads that went into the valley made by miners. So instead, he went over the high mountain pass! I think he literally climbed from Big Pine up and over the 11 or 12,000ft mountain range on the west side of Saline Valley. We heard that he built two cabins along the path that he took over the mountains, and that they were along a canyon that has a spring tucked inside that cascades into a waterfall. One person said they hiked to the second cabin, which is still in good shape and can be used as a overnight thing while hiking on the trail. But you need ropes because some of the trail is steep and dangerous, I guess. The other cabin is rotted away, maybe. Well, given all the hints and details from the people we talked to, I think we know which canyon the trail is at. I want to go hiking up it in the spring, hopefully, and try to find the waterfall and old cabin! So the bee farmer kept his bees in the valley for a while, and once he got old and tired, (and figured out about the roads, I presume) he decided to retire on the west side of the valley in Big Pine. He might still be alive. What a crazy story!
The road we took out of Saline Valley, the north pass.
The last thing I want to write about are the military jets that fly over the valley. The air space over Saline Valley is designated as a low fly zone. So about once a day, the pilots do their low fly by's for training. We heard from other campers that the jets literally fly so low, that you can see the pilot's face from where you are standing. We saw two jets fly by really low our second day and it was actually true! We were able to see their helmets! And they were really loud! It was soooo cool! Better than any air show!
So that's it about Saline Valley. We had a good time and hope to return again, but when there are less people, of course.
Labels: death valley, hot springs, volkswagen
Wild Mint All Around
This past weekend, we went on an epic road trip with our friend Julie, who I met many years ago in Prague. She was one of my class mates when I was getting my TEFL teaching certificate there. After we graduated, she went on to teach in Cesky Budejovice for a wile, and I went on to teach at a small school in Prague for the rest of the summer. Now she's working at a bird observatory on Point Reyes, so close by to where we live, so we got together for a weekend of natural hot spring hopping. We wanted to go to a place we've all never been to before, so it was an adventure for all of us, so we busted out our hot spring guide and decided to go north.
Two stone and concrete hot pools built up on bedrock exposed by the Pitt River.
The only easily accessible hot springs up in the far north of California are in the southern Cascade range, in the Alturas region. We drove many hours, starting our journey Friday night. We left later than expected, but Julie drove late into the night. Finally, we were nearing the first spring on our list: Hunt Hot Springs near Big Bend. But we weren't sure of the camping situation there, so we camped in the national forest near Round Mountain that night.
The next morning, we finished the drive all the way to the springs. On the way, we saw Mt Shasta in the distance! It had its own cloud formation above it, so the peak was obscured. But then the road dipped down between some ridges, so we couldn't see it anymore. Soon we drove through the small town of Big Bend, and over the Pitt River. There were what looked like scattered gypsy camps near the far edge of town, and an uncanny amount of old refridgerators. Next we were on a forest road, looking for a small rough dirt road that we were supposed to take all the way to the springs. After a few minutes we found it, but it was in no condition to drive on! It was all muddy and had deep ruts. Some of them were so deep and large, not even a huge truck would be able to get through. Consequently, we parked the car on the side of the road and started to walk the rest of the way. According to our book (which said the road was do-able by most passenger cars, and was really out dated, obviously), it was only another 2.5 miles to the springs.
Setting up the tent in the national forest.
So there we were, walking through the forest, on a forest 'road' with our bags full of towels, and other supplies. On the way we saw forest cows, who were more afraid of us than we were of it, and they ran away. We also walked past a Native American cemetery, which was marked in the book, so we knew we were on the right track. All the way, we were avoiding stepping in mud and falling on our ass. The road took us through a mixed pine and deciduous forest. All of the leaves were turning bright fall colors.
Suddenly it seemed the road came to an end at the Pitt River. As we got there, we noticed an old man walking with a bucket. He was coming from a field of grass we saw on the other side of a fence marking private property. Then we saw another hobo camp on an elevated part of the river bank nearest to us. We tried avoiding the hobo camp, and walked down to the river where we saw steam coming out of numerous springs. Then we saw two concrete pools immediately to the left. We felt the water temperature in them and they were hot! Jackpot! The old man caught up to us and we asked him about the springs. He recommended the ones farther down the river bank, which we didn't see yet. He told us he came to fix the ones we were standing next to because a land slide broke one of the walls. You could clearly see where the landslide occurred, because the steep hillside had a bare dirt strip. Since he pointed us down the river, we went to check it out.
Having a good time in Hunt Hot Springs.
Just a short way along the river bank were four pools, also made of stone and concrete which held spring water from a few sources. The highest pool was really hot! It spilled over into the second pool which was a perfect temp. That pool spilled into the third, and it was a little cooler. The fourth pool was even cooler, and had its own source. Those cooler pools would be perfect for summer, but it was still chilly out, so we got into the second pool. Just as we were climbing in, another guy (who seemingly came out of the blue) arrived and started taking his clothes off to take a dip with us. So there we were, sharing the small tub (the only one of suitable temperature) with a naked guy.
At first he was kind of quiet. He either didn't speak or he spoke really quietly. We tried to strike up conversation by talking about the springs we were at. We asked him all about what he knew of the area, and eventually, he started opening up. He told us he was a local, who grows 'food' in the area, and takes construction jobs here and there. He was currently working for the new owners of Big Bend Hot Springs Resort, which is a private resort just in town, but currently closed. Then he told us about the school system in Big Bend and how the school has a large swimming pool that is heated by the local hot springs and a school chef who makes $40,000 a year!
The Pitt River flows right next to the pools.
Back on the topic of the springs themselves, the man also told us that the campsite where the hobos were at is usually always filled with 'permanent-camper' types. Being there so long, they don't even have a toilet, so its getting kinda unsanitary. And after all that, he started complaining about how many people are showing up at the springs now, and how its driven the river otters away, which used to swim right by the springs. Well, we felt kinda awkward, not sure if he was openly complaining to us about us, you know what I mean? We were, after all, some of those people who keep showing up. But what the hell? Why not - its not like he owns the springs or something. That kind of brought up a dilemma I've been thinking about lately. About the idea of loving something to death. If you enjoy hot springs, or any other thing in nature, do you tell others about it so they can enjoy it too? Or do you hide it and keep it a secret in an attempt to selfishly preserve it? I don't know. I guess I tend to tell others, but only if they are interested. You won't find me writing a book with precise directions to all the hot springs, but (like I already do) I like blogging about it so others who are already looking for information can learn something if they are interested.
Well anyways, he stayed for a pretty long time, and after he left, we lingered for a while and then decided to leave too because we wanted to try and find the other hot springs that we read had wild mint growing all around like weeds. But they were still pretty far away, near Alturas. When we got back to the car, we scraped off as much mud from our shoes as we could, and continued on our way out of Big Bend, back to the main highway. Along the way we got some really yummy coffee.
Close-up of the wild mint growing all around.
Well, eventually we got to the springs a few hours later. According to our book, they were right off the road, and we should be looking for a pull off and a small dirt area where there was parking. It was getting dark out when we found it, but the road to the small paring area was also pretty muddy, so we pulled off as best as we could on the side of the road. Once we were all ready, we started to scour the valley for steam rising, an indication of the spring location. But we couldn't find any steam. I started getting nervous that we drove all they way there and we wouldn't be able to find the springs. So we started to walk around the area, following all the trails we found. One trail took off into the sage bushes, which gradually turned into lush grass. The ground became soaking wet with flowing water and it felt warm on the bottom of my feet. Now I knew we must be getting close and at least on the right trail. We kept walking until we got to a rocky area, and suddenly, popping out from the ground in all directions was tons and tons of wild mint, carpeting the entire area. Then we saw three shallow pools with a bubbling small waterfall feeding them. We had found the famed Eagleville Hot Springs! But still, the pools weren't steaming, so we hoped that they weren't going to be too cool. I put my hand under the waterfall and contrary to what I expected, it was scalding hot! So was the first pool. We decided to get some snacks and beer and jump in. We were the only ones there.
The hottest pool at Eagleville Hot Springs.
The pools were literally on the side of the road, but not visible. Plus the traffic on that road was very sparse. We were pretty happy to be soaking in the pools after driving for so long. And I really enjoyed the wild mint. I picked a large bunch of sprigs and put them in the car. We made plans to make mojitos later. I think it was one of my favorite hot springs I've went to so far because of the mint. I don't know why, but they mint made me really happy! We munched on it and smelled it and it was so relaxing and refreshing. We were really bummed when we had to leave to find a camping spot for the night.
Buckeye Gets Washed Out!
The first time we visited Buckeye Hot Springs was during the camp out that Melissa organized with the vwcamperfamily (although only Melissa, Blake and Shelby, and us came - and that's OK!). It was early October, just as the first leaves on the aspen and cottonwood trees were turning yellow, but before the first snow of the season. And I mean literally right before the first snow of the season, because the day after we left the campground, Hwy 120 was closed for the first time that fall, due to snow. The first snow is always exciting and makes me think of skiing!
A dusting of snow on the Sierras near Buckeye.
Buckeye is right next to the Buckeye Creek, which swells when the rains come in the fall. Since the hot spring pools are made from rocks and sand, piled up to catch the hot spring water that flows over a travertine overhang, they wash out when the creek breaks its bank. I guess that's what happened between early October and late October. Because when we visited there again on Halloween weekend, the lower coolest pool had vanished, and the middle pools had become one, with part of a wall demolished. Cold creek water was rushing in, and the pool became shallow due to sediment build up when the creek ran through it, I assume. We clearly had a job on our hands if we wanted to soak here. But all we had was our hands. We didn't bring a shovel or bucket or anything that would've made it easier.
The source of hot spring water at Buckeye - a hot water fall!
Even though it was close to freezing outside, we got to work, taking stones from the creek and piling them on the demolished sections of the pool walls to first hold the hot water in. Then we started digging the pool deeper, scooping sandy sediments from the bottom and using it like mortar to keep the rock wall more solid. Eventually, we finished repairing the middle two pools and they were holding a lot more water than when we first arrived. It was more fun than work! We were the only ones there all morning.
The morning sun and steam at Buckeye.
The last time we were here, Romy talked to one local (kind of) young guy who said that he cross country skis to Buckeye once the snow gets really deep. Its about a 5 mile ski-in. When I heard about that, it got me really excited! I want to do that! Maybe the next time I write about Buckeye, it will be about a ski trip in! I wonder what the spring will be like - will it be washed out again?


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Tomball claims first baseball state title
The team beat Corpus Christi Moody 6-1 in the 4A State Final Friday evening.
The Cougars were led by Robert Dugger and his 4 RBI including an inside the park homerun. He also pitched the complete game, earning the MVP.
"This is a great group of guys. It's the best thing I could ask for. It's the best feeling in the world," pitcher Robert Dugger said.
"I'm still in shock right now. This has been our dream from Week 1 and it finally came true," pitcher Nick Banks said.
Congrats, Cougars!
Dashcam shows thief steal purse in under 10 seconds


Grave/Memorial Location XIX. F. 2.
Major JOHN ROBERT 'Jack' WORTHINGTON, rests next to his brother Lieutenant Colonel DONALD GRANT 'Don' WORTHINGTON in Bretteville-sur-Laize Canadian War Cemetery.
1. Photograph from Veterans Affairs Canada, Canadian Virtual War Memorial.
2. Copy of Document available from Veterans Affairs Canada, Second World War Book of Remembrance p.483.
3. Photograph taken June 2017 by Carl Shilleto.
Individual photograph: Veterans Affairs Canada, Canadian Virtual War Memorial.
Additional information provided by: Carl Shilleto and Veterans Affairs Canada, Canadian Virtual War Memorial.
Rest in peace. Your service and sacrifice is remembered.


text:
FIFA Foundation
Please sign in to your FIFA.com user account below. This will allow you to make the most of your account with personalization. You'll also get exclusive access to FIFA games, contests and prizes.
FIFA U-17 World Cup Brazil 2019™
26 October - 17 November
Kaká, Djorkaeff and young entrepreneurs share inspiring stories at the FIFA Foundation Talk
First FIFA Foundation Talk held at Sao Paulo's Museu do Futebol
Kaká and FIFA Foundation CEO Youri Djorkaeff in attendance
Five young community leaders from Latin America shared their stories
On Friday, the crowd at the auditorium of the Museu do Futebol – the football museum at the Pacaembu stadium, in Sao Paulo – was diverse: experienced representatives of NGOs; young and incredibly socially conscious entrepreneurs from across Latin America; and, casually enough, two FIFA World Cup™ winners.
As it turns out, by the end of the evening no one in the room seemed to be in as much admiration and awe as the two of them: Kaká and FIFA Foundation CEO Youri Djorkaeff.
With the theme "Dare to be Brave", the first FIFA Foundation Talk was the opening act of a week-long gathering of the Young Entrepreneurs' Legacy Programme (YELP), which brought together young entrepreneurs from 13 Latin American countries, all of whom associated with projects that employ football to promote social change.
Five of the young community leaders shared their personal stories of bravery on stage, drawing inspiration, smiles and a share of teary eyes from the crowd.
"It is easy to take football for granted. To take life for granted. In the back of our minds, we all know that these beautiful stories exist; that, in spite of the difficulties they may have to overcome, many people are fighting for good causes and using football as a powerful means for that. But you don't really get to put this into perspective until you listen to each individual story, each individual struggle. It was illuminating to be here today," said Kaká, who then took to the stage alongside Djorkaeff.
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The pair of world champions shared the experiences of when they themselves had to defy the odds in order to succeed, before answering questions from the audience.
"When I joined the FIFA Foundation, I had a very clear idea of what the role of the FIFA Legends should be, and today this was at full display. I cannot overstate the meaning of an evening like this, when a bona fide superstar like Kaká looks these kids in the eye and listens to their stories, then relates these to his own personal journey. It was very special for me, and you can tell that it was for each of these inspiring young women and men as well."
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Parker Solar Probe launched on historic mission to 'touch the sun'
12 August 2018 Astronomy Now
A United Launch Alliance Delta 4 rocket climbs away from Cape Canaveral, Florida, boosting NASA's Parker Solar Probe into space for a seven-year mission to study the sun in unprecedented detail. Image: United Launch Alliance
NASA's $1.5 billion Parker Solar Probe was blasted into space 12 August by a United Launch Alliance Delta 4 Heavy rocket that put the spacecraft onto a trajectory that will carry it past Venus on 2 October and then within 24 million kilometres (15 million miles) of the Sun on 5 November, the first of 24 close encounters that eventually will carry the probe within 6.1 million kilometres (3.8 million miles) of the star's visible surface.
The repeated passes through the Sun's outer atmosphere, or corona, will expose Parker to temperatures up to 1,370 degrees Celsius (2,500 F) – hotter than lava – while whipping through the elliptical orbit's low point, or periapsis, at an eventual 692,000 kilometres per hour (430,000 mph). But using a state-of-the-art heat shield, the spacecraft's instruments, flight computer and other critical systems will remain at a comfortable 30 C (85 F) while collecting an unprecedented bounty of data.
No spacecraft has ever attempted to fly so close to the Sun. Even its first encounter in November, four times farther out than its eventual target, will be three times closer than any previous mission.
"In our very first flyby (of the Sun), we get a little more than 15 million miles away from the Sun's surface," said Nicola Fox, the Parker project scientist. "We're still three times closer than anything has been before. … The spacecraft is staying over the same area of the sun for many, many days, allowing us to do some really incredible science on our very first flyby."
An artist's impression of the Parker Solar Probe, oriented heat-shield forward, during a close pass by the Sun. Image: NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Steve Gribben
Parker is focused on learning what heats up the corona to several million degrees while the visible surface below is hundreds of times cooler at 5,500 C (10,000 F). The heating could be due to complex interactions between electrically charged particles and the Sun's powerful magnetic field or the result of countless "nanoflares" pumping heat into the outer atmosphere.
Or both.
"We're used to the idea that if I am standing next to a camp fire and I walk away from it, it gets cooler," said Alex Young, associate director of heliophysics at NASA Headquarters. "But this is not what happens on the Sun. As we go from the surface of the Sun, which is 10,000 degrees (Fahrenheit), and move up into the corona, we find ourselves quickly at millions of degrees. So this is a fundamental question that drives not only how this star works, our Sun, but actually all the stars in the universe."
Scientists also want to learn more about the mechanism that accelerates the electrically charged particles in the solar wind to supersonic velocities in the corona, possibly leading to improved space weather forecasting to help satellite operators, power companies and others prevent damage when torrents of high-energy electrons, protons and helium nuclei from particularly disruptive solar storms slam into Earth's magnetic field.
"This space weather has direct influence, not always positive, on our technology in space, our spacecraft, it disrupts our communications, it creates a hazardous environment for astronauts and in the most extreme cases can actually affect our power grids here on the Earth," said Young. "So it's of fundamental importance for us to be able to predict this space weather much like we predict weather here on Earth."
The Parker Solar Probe will make at least 24 orbits of the sun, using seven flybys of Venus to fine-tune its trajectory, eventually moving the close-in aim point within 6.1 million kilometres (3.8 million miles) of the Sun's visible surface. Image: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
Eugene Parker, the University of Chicago astrophysicist who first theorised the existence of the solar wind in 1958, flew to Cape Canaveral to witness the launch. Now 91, Parker is the first living scientist to have a space probe named in his honour.
"I really have to turn from biting my nails and getting it launched to thinking about all the interesting things, which I don't know yet, and which will be made clear, I assume, over the next five or six or seven years," Parker said after the Delta 4 Heavy thundered away. "It's a whole new phase, and it's going to be fascinating throughout. … All I can say is wow, here we go. We're in for some learning over the next several years."
The Parker Solar Probe is equipped with four instrument suites.
The FIELDS instrument will characterise the Sun's electric and magnetic fields, measuring waves and turbulence in the atmosphere to help scientists understand how magnetic field lines can explosively snap apart and re-align.
The Wide-Field Imager for Parker Solar Probe, or WISPR, will photograph the large scale structure of the corona, studying coronal mass ejections, jets and other phenomena.
The Solar Wind Electrons Alphas and Protons Investigation, or SWEAP, includes two instruments designed to study the electrically-charged particles making up the solar wind, measuring their velocity, density and temperature.
Finally, the Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun will use two instruments to measure particle energies to learn more about their origin and how they are accelerated to such high velocities.
"The science is ground breaking, it's compelling, it's confused scientists and puzzled us for decades and decades and decades," said Fox. "We're now going to fly this mission."
solar corona
solar-stellar connection
Dawn sees Ceres' salty spot
24 March 2016 Keith Cooper
The Dawn spacecraft has finally been able to get a good look at the famous bright spot on the surface of Ceres, with NASA releasing new images at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in Texas.
3000th comet discovered by Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)
15 September 2015 Astronomy Now
On 13 September 2015, the ESA/NASA Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) discovered its 3,000th comet, cementing its standing as the greatest comet finder of all time. The comet was spotted in SOHO's data by Worachate Boonplod of Thailand — a citizen scientist typical of the NASA-funded Sungrazer Project volunteers responsible for 95 percent of SOHO comet discoveries.
Asteroid to fly close by Earth safely on 26th January
17 January 2015 Astronomy Now
On 26th January, asteroid 2004 BL86 will pass Earth just three lunar distances away. It will be the closest approach by any known space rock this large until asteroid 1999 AN10 flies past our planet in 2027.


This is a hard topic for me to write on because I like to steer clear from the talk of "bad things happen for a reason," but it's true- regardless of how hurt or sad we feel, everything a child of God goes through was allowed by God, and if we stick with Him through the hard times, we will see the beautiful end. Everything that happens to us has a spiritual significance.
To understand this very often misquoted scripture, we have to dissect the verse phrase by phrase.
"We know": Our hope in difficult times is based on the truths that God is in complete control of the universe and that He loves us.
"that God causes": Our life is not a result of random plans, God orchestrates everything. God cannot make a mistake – He is God!
"to work together": All our life events are interdependent parts of the process to make us like Christ. To make jollof rice, you need several ingredients, which are pretty distasteful to eat individually, but when skillfully put together, the taste is amazing! We need to yield all our unpleasant experiences to God, and He will bring beauty from our ashes.
Bathsheba: committed adultery with David resulting in her husband's murder.
These ladies had horrible reputations, but please read the bible to see how God turned their story around. God's purpose > our sins.
"of those who love God and are called": this promise is only for the children of God.
"become like His son": everything God allows to happen in our life is permitted for that purpose!
Every problem is a character-building opportunity. The more difficult it is, the greater potential for building spiritual muscle and moral fiber. The things that happen outwardly in our lives are not nearly as important as the things that happen inside of us.
Don't give up! Let's use what we're going through to grow up!
Food for thought: What problem in my life has caused the greatest growth in me? Am I willing to allow my most painful experience be used to bring out something beautiful.


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