Sterling ended last week on a negative footing against the euro after weak UK economic data contrasted with relatively upbeat euro zone figures and put the pound under pressure. Much weaker-than-forecast UK services sector data raised concerns Britain's economy could falter later in the year.
The poor UK figures highlight concerns that the UK may be heading back to recession. The better EU figures have compounded this, and that's the reason that rates have dipped back below the €1.20 levels. See below for economic data that could affect Pound to Euro rates this week.
The pound rallied slightly and ended last week slightly up against the US Dollar. There were better than expected Jobs data from the US last week. Usually you would expect good data to strengthen a currency, however in the current climate good news from the states increases risk appetite, and investors that have flocked to the safe haven status of the USD return, and this sometimes weakens USD. That's the reason that despite the poor UK figures, the pound hasn't fallen as much as it has against the Euro.
Consultation on how these releases may impact your currency purchase. Fully informed of what may move exchange rates, you can make a decision on when to fix your rate, and which contract may be best for you to reduce exposure to adverse rate movements.
A free consultation is the first step to taking control of your currency purchase, and not allowing the markets to control you!
It's Labour day in the USA, so US and Canadian markets are closed today. We have some confidence data from the EU, and Retail Sales from the UK later today.
An interest rate decision from Australia today, although we expect rates to be left on hold at 4.5%. Factory orders will be closely watched from Germany, the largest economy in the EU. For the UK Shop Price index data measures price changes in the popular retail outlets in the UK. From the USA, consumer confidence is the only release of note.
A very busy day for the UK. We see Industrial and Manufacturing production data in addition to a GDP estimate. Today is the most likely to cause volatility for Sterling exchange rates. For the Eurozone, Trade balance figures from Germany is the main release. Those that need to buy or sell Canadian Dollars should take note that an interest rate decision is released today. We expect a hike in rates to 1%. If this happens, expect GBP/CAD to fall.
German Consumer prices start the day for the Eurozone, and at 9am the ECB has a monthly report, which contains a detailed analysis of the prevailing economic situation and the risks to price stability. For the UK today, Trade balance figures and the BoE Interest rate decision is the main news. We expect no change in rates. USD buyers/sellers should be aware Jobless data from the states could cause volatility.
A quieter day, with only producer prices from the UK. This is a monthly measurement of the rate of inflation experienced by the UK manufactures when buying goods and services. It can often affect the pound, so we may see some exchange rate volatility today.


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"Christmas with You star" Zenzi Williams age, height, Instagram, roles and Everything
CelebrityEntertainment
By Himanshu Last updated Nov 21, 2022
"Christmas with You star" Zenzi Williams age, height, Instagram, roles and Everything
Zenzi Williams portrays Monique in the latest holiday film from Netflix, Christmas with You! Continue reading to learn more about the actress and film.
With Netflix's new seasonal offerings, we're getting into the holiday spirit with little over a month until Christmas! Christmas with You, featuring Lucifer's Aimee Garcia (Angelina) and Scooby-Freddie Doo's Prinze Jr. (Miguel), is the newest family-friendly film to be added to Netflix's extensive catalog, ready to tug at your heartstrings and make you grin as the most joyous day of the year approaches.
Without further ado, here is all the information we have about the actress.
What is Zenzi Williams's age?
The actress who portrays Angelina's devoted aide Monique has a very youthful appearance, making it difficult to estimate her age. Unfortunately, it appears that Zenzi has not previously disclosed her age or the precise day of her birth. However, if we were to speculate, we would say that the actress is between 25 and 30 years old.
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What is Zenzi Williams's height?
Similarly, the Christmas with You actress has not previously addressed her height given her age. Therefore, for the time being, we can only offer an estimate of Zenzi's height. At the premiere of the Netflix film, the actress paused to photograph with her co-stars on the red carpet and appeared to tower over several of her co-stars.
A post shared by Zenzi Williams (@zen_will)
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Based on the fact that Freddie Prince Jr. is 6ft 1in tall, according to Super Star Bio, and Zenzi is only a few inches shorter (assuming she is wearing heels), we estimate that the Monique actress is approximately 5ft 8in tall. Obviously, this is only an estimate at the moment, but we are fairly confident in our forecast. Stay informed for updates!
Zenzi Williams Instagram Account Details
If you're interested in following the actress on social media, you can find her on Instagram under the handle "@zen will." In her bio, Zenzi is described as a "storyteller, vegan babe, and healer."
Zenzi Williams Roles & Acting
Black Panther (2018), Daredevil (2015), and The Defenders are Zenzi Williams' most well-known roles (2017). According to IMDb, the actress has a total of eleven acting credits. Other positions she has held include:
Bethany in American Rust (2021)
Niya Curtis in Chicago Fire (2019)
Mrs. Jassem in Blue Bloods (2019)
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


> With the average age of developers being about 29 years old, maybe most aren't old enough. And many have no formal software education so even a discussion of such failures in a degree program would have little effect on the target population.
> > With the established history of date/time roll-over issues, shouldn't any date be viewed with suspicion during design safety analysis appropriate defensive design measures put in place?
> The question is why?
> I know this issue is documented in at least one book.
> Did any of the programmers/coder on this even know about previous examples?
> Why wait until testing? With the established history of date/time roll-over issues, shouldn't any date be viewed with suspicion during design safety analysis appropriate defensive design measures put in place?


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Gibson Custom Announces Lennon LP Junior
Premier Guitar
The New Custom Shop Model Includes Charlie Christian Pickup Made Famous by the Legendary Musician
NASHVILLE, Tenn. (July 16, 2007) - Gibson has announced the new Custom Shop John Lennon Inspired By Les Paul guitar. The guitar features a Charlie Christian pickup in the neck position, just like Lennon's modified 1950s Gibson single-cutaway Junior. Only 300 of these special limited-edition guitars will be produced.
Lennon owned many equally well known guitars during his lifetime, including a Gibson J-160E and Epiphone Casino. The guitars Lennon chose to play often seemed to reflect his ideas, beliefs, and lifestyle. The image of Lennon playing his modded '50s Junior during his famous live performance at New York's Madison Square Garden on August 30, 1972 is an unforgettable one – one that guitar luthier Ron DeMarino helped to shape through the assistance he provided to Lennon in modifying the guitar in the early 1970s.
The Gibson Custom Shop has worked with Yoko Ono in the recreation of this famous modified Les Paul Junior guitar, with Yoko Approving a complete hands-on review of the original for the design team to use as a reference point. The Inspired By Les Paul guitar is aged to look just like Lennon's original once it was sanded down to the solid mahogany body and includes the famous Charlie Christian neck pickup as well as aged chrome hardware. Each of the 300 limited-edition guitars will be accompanied by a Custom Shop guitar case and a certificate of authenticity in a special army green cloth folder with John's autograph embroidered on the cover. Additionally, the Lennon fans who purchase this guitar will receive an article that includes an interview with DeMarino by Andy Babiuk, author of "The Beatles Gear," a signed Lennon print by famed artist Allison Lefcort, and Lennon's famous "New York City" T-shirt – sans sleeves, of course.
"It is an honor to work with Yoko Ono on a guitar inspired by one of the world's most passionate and prolific musicians of our time, John Lennon," said Henry Juszkiewicz, Chairman and CEO of Gibson Guitar. "The Gibson Custom Shop has produced a guitar which expresses Lennon's legend and is inspired by his very own 1950s Les Paul junior guitar. It is a model designed with Lennon's own spirit, genius and creative works in mind."
Today, the original guitar is on permanent display at the John Lennon Museum in Japan and will also be unveiled at a special event at the Gibson Japan Showroom in Tokyo , Japan in early August 2007.
Gibson's John Lennon Inspired By Les Paul specifications:
Model: John Lennon Les Paul
Pickups: P-90 Single Coil in the bridge position & Charlie Christian in the neck position
Hardware: Aged Chrome
Fingerboard: Rosewood Scale: 24 ¾"
Nut Width: 1.689"
Nut: Corian
Bridge: Chrome ABR-1 with stopbar tailpiece (holes from original wrap tailpiece are plugged)
Neck Material: One-Piece Mahogany with Long Neck Tenon
Body Material: Solid Mahogany
Controls: Single volume, single tone, 3-way pickup switch
Color: Faded Cherry
Date Available: July 12th, 2007
MSRP: $7,527
For more information, please visit gibsoncustom.com/Lennon.
gear john-lennon daily-news guitars gibson whats-new


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Beasts in the Mist
If David Oren could find just one of the horrifying creatures he knows are out there-- huge sloths with giant claws and a reputation for twisting off the heads of humans--he could save the world's largest rain forest
By Marguerite HollowaySeptember 1, 1999 5:00 AM
Manuel Vitorino Pinheiro dos Santos had just shot four white-lipped peccaries when he heard it. The horrible soul-wrenching humanlike cry came from a tangle of vines about 50 meters away. "The moment you hear it, all your hairs stand on end," says Dos Santos. He dropped the peccary he was carving up, grabbed the lianas he had cut to lash the carcass to his back, and sprinted in the opposite direction, toward the nearby river. The second scream was farther away, but the trees still shook with the force of the noise. The third and fourth calls were muted, seeming to come from deep in the rain forest as the animal moved away. But Dos Santos waited in the water for an hour or so until he felt safe going back for his peccaries. "I just had a knife and no shells and didn't want to face the creature," he explains.
No one--not Dos Santos or any of the other villagers of Barra do São Manuel, a tiny settlement on the banks of the Tapajós River deep in the Brazilian Amazon, or anyone else in the vast rain forest--relishes facing it, with or without shotgun in hand. Covered in long red hair, standing more than 6 feet on its hind legs, emanating a stench so foul it disorients everyone in sniffing distance, the mapinguari is reputed to be the wildest, rarest, most mysterious and terrifying denizen of the rain forest. It is said to avoid water, to wander with roving herds of white-lipped peccaries and to protect them, to forage at night, to twist huge palm trees apart with its massive claws so it can feast on the soft insides, to have backward-turned feet, and to be generally immune to bullets. The mapinguari is also said to be another Bigfoot, a figment of the imagination of people like Dos Santos--and of a prominent scientist named David C. Oren, whose relentless quest to find one is growing as legendary as the beast itself.
It is to Oren and his mapinguari-seeking swat team that Dos Santos relates his encounter some two months later, standing in the same spot in the forest near Barra. It is late afternoon, and the already dim verdant light of the rain forest is waning. Everyone falls silent as Dos Santos tells his story. Even if nothing lurks behind the massive buttresses of a copaiba tree to one side of the clearing, the mind's eye can see the shadowy form of the mapinguari. The men have all heard the tales, although sometimes the creature is given a different name: capé-lobo (wolf's cape), mão de pilão (pestle hand), pé de garrafa (bottle foot), or juma. Dos Santos says the mapinguari he saw had the claws of a giant armadillo, the face of a monkey, and a nauseating smell, like garlic vine and fetid peccary.
Oren, an ornithologist and expert on Amazonian biodiversity at the Emílio Goeldi Museum in Belém, listens to Dos Santos's account and then suddenly cups his hands around his mouth, throws back his head, and yells, hoping to get the mapinguari to respond. No matter how many times a day he does this, it still induces involuntary shudders in the entourage. His loud high cry travels down the scale, ending as a low rumble. Silence. Then, a piercing sound. A Screaming Piha, a bird whose whistle resembles the catcalls of construction workers on lunch break, answers. But nothing else. The team--including Dionisio Pimentel, a technician from the Goeldi Museum, Tiago Xipaia, who has accompanied Oren and Pimentel to this region before, Dos Santos, and two other men from Barra, Sebastião Miranda and Luís Claudio Albuquerque Mendes--heads back to camp for a dinner of freshly shot peccary.
No one seems disappointed, though. Several villagers have reported seeing or smelling the beast in the last several weeks and, on their very first day in the forest, the men found a set of tracks: footprints about 11 inches long and 5 inches wide, set apart by a stride of 3 feet or so. The expedition is still young. And Oren, who has risked his scientific reputation because he has come to believe the stories of hunters and rubber tappers and others in the rain forest who say the mapinguari is quite real, remains cautiously optimistic. He knows what becomes a legend most: the one who hauls the legend in.
Oren did not always believe in mapinguaris. When he first came to study birds in Brazil more than 20 years ago, to do research for his doctorate at Harvard, Oren heard about the creature. He quickly classified it along with other Amazonian myths: the activities of the boto dolphin, blamed for all unwanted pregnancies because it assumes the form of a handsome man, penetrates village parties, and lures young women into the floral night; or the transformation of the curupira, a protean creature that appears as an animal or a hairy, ugly man and plagues hunters. Some of the mapinguari tales are just as fanciful: It is an old Indian whose hubris led him to seek immortality and who is now relegated to wandering the forest forever as a stinking, shaggy bicho (beast in Portuguese); it has a single eye, loves tobacco, and twists off the upper skulls of its human victims so as to suck up their gray matter.
But about 15 years ago, after repeatedly hearing mapinguari tales, Oren changed his opinion. "I was talking with a friend and he said, 'David, you are the biologist, I am the historian. What could this creature be?'" Oren recalls. "And it was when I first listened carefully to one of the stories that the light went on." In a Goeldi Museum monograph in 1994, Oren hypothesized that mapinguaris were indeed real--or very recently extinct--and that they were none other than the last extant giant ground sloths, Pleistocene survivors lying low in the tropics. These enormous creatures--relatives of today's two- and three-toed arboreal sloths but with higher metabolisms and thus greater speed--emerged about 30 million years ago and roamed the Americas, the Caribbean, and Antarctica. They were red-haired vegetarians with large claws that curled under and faced backward when they walked on all fours, they could stand on their hind feet like people, and some species had dermal ossicles, bony plates that made their skin tough. In paleontological time frames, the giant ground sloths had just disappeared yesterday. Overhunting or climate change or some combination thereof had wiped them out sometime between 5,000 and 10,000 years ago. It seemed eminently possible to Oren that the greatest expanse of rain forest in the world--and one that is rich in ground sloth fossils--could still harbor such beasts.
Oren is not the first scientist to reach this conclusion. In the late 1800s an Argentinean paleontologist named Florentino Ameghino took an eyewitness story of a strange creature seen in southern Patagonia to be an indication of a living ground sloth. Although Ameghino never found the evidence he sought, his reasoning is described in detail by zoologist Bernard Heuvelmans in On the Track of Unknown Animals. The book, published in 1955, launched cryptozoology--the study of hidden animals--and captivated Oren when he read it years ago. Heuvelmans ends his chapter on Ameghino and the giant ground sloths with a tantalizing query about the Amazon: "Might they not still live in this 'green hell' and find it a heaven of peace?"
Stalking the wild-eyed mapinguari in that green hell is not the easiest way to spend one's time. The terrain is wet and dense and dark and infested with ticks, spiders, stinging ants, malarial mosquitoes, wasps, Africanized bees, stingless bees (that can nonetheless pinch heartily), chiggers, blackflies, whiteflies (which carry leishmaniasis), and the dreaded botfly. Oren has had his share of all of the above, but particularly the last one. His left heel has a dime-size scar surrounded by a web of what look like varicose veins. A botfly larva--which probably entered the skin through a mosquito bite hole--foraged around his foot for weeks, growing into an inch-long fly, eating out a new circulatory system and never staying still or putting up a breathing siphon as botfly larvae typically do. "It was the Jacques Cousteau of botflies," says Oren. "It had an Aqua-Lung."
Beyond braving the bugs and many other hardships, Oren and the team must cover as much ground as possible--sometimes walking as many as nine hours a day--trying to find tracks or traces of recent peccary passage. "It is like looking for a needle in a haystack without a magnet," says Oren as he sits in the dark of the camp, digesting white-lipped peccary, which was accompanied by an appetizer of yesterday's fire-roasted free-range curassow. The men discuss tomorrow's strategy: Now that they have found the site of Dos Santos's aural encounter, the team will try to find a watering hole that he also remembers and see if peccary or mapinguari tracks show up there. The huge prints the team found on the first day were a week old, according to Dos Santos. He and Pimentel followed them as far as they could, but the tracks just faded away.
This trip to Barra is Oren's sixth mapinguari foray since 1994, when he began looking in the field for hard evidence of the creature. "If you add it all up, it's less than four months actually," he says. He has received grants for this work from the Brazilian Boticário Foundation and a small film company; the rest of the time he relies primarily on his Goeldi salary, which includes the many research grants he gets from such places as the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. So far, the evidence Oren has gathered on these hunts--a clump of hair, several fecal samples from different areas, and some casts of footprints--has led to naught, fading like tracks in the forest. The hair proved to be that of an agouti, the fecal samples did not reveal any DNA aside from, in one case, that of a giant anteater, and the casts don't hold any scientific weight, as Oren readily points out, "because they can be easily faked."
The lack of tangibles is hard to overlook. "He is a kook," mutters one ornithologist, who doesn't want to give his name. Even some of the scientists who are supportive of Oren's quest have a hard time reconciling the paucity of mapinguari data with the rigor of his work on birds and biodiversity. "He is a top-notch scientist," says Roger Sayre of the Nature Conservancy. "But it is like all those things you see on tv: They throw out all those teasers, and it's like, 'Where is all the hard evidence, David?' "
Other scientists are willing to accept more on faith. "What a bankrupt world it would be if you refused to believe things existed until you actually had seen a specimen in a museum. I mean, there are lots of things we are prepared to believe exist without having seen them," says Wildlife Conservation Society biologist Kent Redford, citing subatomic particles and Madeleine Albright's accounts of NATO air strikes in Kosovo. "Why not a mapinguari? More power to David. And I hope he is right."
The strength of Oren's conviction comes from firsthand testimonies he has collected from more than 50 witnesses who have had run-ins with the creature. One witness is Mário Pereira de Souza, whom Oren visits for the third time on his way to Barra. De Souza lives in Itaituba, where he does odd jobs for the highway department. After Oren's gentle prodding, De Souza tells the story again--although it is clearly not his favorite memory. His encounter with a mapinguari took place in 1975, when he was working as a hunter for a mining camp along the Jamauchim River, which flows into the Tapajós, just south of Itaituba. De Souza said the long-haired creature screamed and came staggering toward him on its hind legs, swaying and unsteady. But what he remembers most, and the reason he claims he has never set foot in the rain forest again, was the stench. "The horrible smell entered into me and made me dizzy," he says. "I was not right for two months."
Oren's reliance on anecdotal stories makes many researchers uncomfortable. "I think it is a hoax," says Louise Emmons, a research associate at the Smithsonian Institution. "If you know local people, they love to pull the neck of any gullible scientist." While Emmons is intrigued by Oren's hunt, she says the chances of such a thing being anywhere in the Amazon are minuscule because naturalists have been poking around there for centuries: "I've never heard anyone mention anything that is something we don't know about, particularly a large animal."
"I don't think he is being hoaxed. I think he is being courageous," counters Nigel J. H. Smith, a geographer at the University of Florida in Gainesville who has traveled widely in the Amazon collecting folktales and legends--including those of the mapinguari--which he describes in his book The Enchanted Amazon Rain Forest: Stories From a Vanishing World. "We don't have to put local knowledge in a shrine, but there's a lot of natural history knowledge that scientists are too dismissive of. I mean, they found an extinct peccary down in Paraguay 25 years ago."
The Chacoan peccary is perhaps the best precedent for Oren's story because the creature was well known by locals, but it took scientists a long time to believe in it or to find the thing. "That was a mythical animal as well," recalls Phil Hazelton, a natural resources management specialist with the World Bank who helped find the creature. "We had this mythical peccary around, and it was terrifying in size and everything." It turned out to be a very large third species of South American peccary, thought to have gone extinct within the last few hundred years.
Even in a part of the rain forest just a half day's walk from a settlement such as Barra, it is easy to imagine that anything could stay hidden if it chose to. By the end of the first week of slicing and slogging through the tangled expanse, the frustration of Oren's team grows. Although they encounter giant armadillo holes, tapir tracks, and a troop of woolly monkeys--indications that hunting pressure is low and that the area has been largely undisturbed--the shaggy bicho emits no hair-raising cries, leaves no feces for collection. The men find one other set of large footprints--also about three times the size of those of a tapir, the largest creature in the rain forest--but they are even older than the first set. At one point, the group passes a tree gouged by the teeth and claws of an onça, or jaguar, a creature rarely seen even by people who spend their lives in the rain forest. "This thing is rarer than an onça," says Oren, as the team lurches off again, following a trail left by peccaries.
Why the mapinguari would run with smelly boars is unclear. Perhaps "it likes to eat the same kinds of things that white-lipped peccaries do," Oren muses. "Or I am wrong, and it is a horrible marsupial and it eats white-lipped peccaries. But I hope not because then it will eat us." Dos Santos argues that the reason for the association is quite simple: "It is the protector of the peccary."
This view of the mapinguari is one Nigel Smith believes underlies much of the folklore of the Amazon. The geographer maintains that stories about reprisal by the mapinguari or other threatening creatures ensure that forest communities don't deplete resources. "Many legends were conceived in order to entertain audiences with colorful and inspiring stories," he writes in The Enchanted Amazon Rain Forest. "Indirectly, though, they also serve to relieve some of the pressure on animal and plant life."
This explanation may also hold a key to Oren's obsession, to the reason he braves ridicule and the intense hardship of these expeditions: He loves the rain forest, and he loves Brazil, a country that he just joined as a naturalized citizen. Oren talks constantly about finding the wide-ranging mapinguari so that huge tracts of land would have to be set aside to protect the creature. In the forest near Barra, mineral rights are held by the mining company CVRD, which could decide at any moment to raze the trees and strip the reddish earth. Finding the mapinguari here "would change all that," says Oren.
"David has chosen to devote his life to the animals and plants of the Amazon," notes Redford, who has known Oren since they were graduate students together more than two decades ago at Harvard. "So in a sense his conviction in the existence of mapinguari has as much to do with seeking a powerful symbol for the need to conserve the Amazon as it does with his conviction that this animal really exists. I think that part of the passion he exhibits toward this search is, in fact, passion toward a search for the ongoing survival of the Amazon rain forest."
Passionate as he is, Oren seems tired of the hunt for now. Back at camp one afternoon, in the final days of the expedition, he says he may give up, let someone else search the rain forest for the creature. The fact that he has come forward with his hypothesis is enough, he says; it makes it more likely that other rain-forest visitors will turn in a mapinguari if they kill one in the future. "If we are not successful this time, I really should get on with ornithology," he sighs. "You get recognized for the number of papers you produce, not for the number of wild goose chases you go on." That night the rain is torrential and the team huddles under a tarp in the dark, swatting at mosquitoes, relighting the candle after moths extinguish the flame.
Filled with rice and beans and manioc, the men are out of camp by 7:30 the next morning; clouds of blackflies follow them. As Dos Santos leads the way, Oren cups his hands around his mouth, throws back his head, and calls out again to the mapinguari, wherever it may be.


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Two teams at EA are working on games for Apple Watch
During Apple's event yesterday, the firm announced Apple Watch and EA is on board to create 'gaming experiences' for the gadget.
Speaking with Cnet, EA mobile boss Frank Gibeau said the firm is Intrigued with "seeing wearables emerge as a gaming platform."
"We think we're in the early stages [of wearables]," he said. "With Apple's big announcement with the watch, there's a trend here where wearables are going to increase in performance, capability and unique functions over time that we believe will enable gaming experiences.
"In fact, we have two teams prototyping wearable experiences that are not only standalone, but also some ideas where you can actually use the fitness component in the watch that can unlock capabilities in the game that might be on your iPhone. Or you could do crafting or some other auction trading on your watch that goes back into your tablet game that you might check out later when you get home."
Apple Watch is similar to those produced by Motorola, Samsung, LG and Sony, the price of the gadgets are usually high. In this case, Apple's version will start at $349 (£216) and the price will likely be higher in the UK.
The smartwatch is expected to be released in early 2015.
Two flavors of iPhone 6 were announced yesterday, and it was revealed that Rebellion, Ubisoft, Epic Games, Square Enix, EA, Disney and CD Projekt Red are creating games for the devices.
Thanks, MCV.


Soar in 4 is an initiative supported by Carolyn and Steve Roskamp in collaboration with Manatee County Schools, the Early Learning Coalition, the Manatee Community Action Agency's Head Start and Early Head Start, Manatee Community Foundation, and United Way Suncoast.
The premise behind the Soar in 4 is One Family, One Neighborhood at a Time. Participating schools during the summer of 2017 are Sea Breeze Elementary, Ballard Elementary, and Rogers Garden-Bullock Elementary. Before school begins in August, the Soar in 4 families will be invited to attend five Family Nights where they will enjoy a free dinner followed by hands-on play experiences, science-based activities, art projects, family reading time, and more. The glue that holds all of this together is a virtual Volunteer Buddy. Every other week, juxtaposed with the Family Nights, the buddy will call the student's family at home to touch base with them. The buddy is there to answer questions and help the family navigate through the program, reminding them of the fun assignments (like gathering artifacts from a nature walk) for the next week's meet up.
Our Sea Breeze Elementary Soar in 4 families welcomed a guest teacher, Ms. Tara Legowski. Ms. Legowski is a pre-kindergarten educator who came to preview our Nature All Around Us unit. Nature All Around Us is the first unit our Soar in 4 students is studying. Participants learned the purpose of this unit is for us to explore living things and to investigate what they need to grow. After dinner, we learned about living things by observing nature and using all of our senses as we began to identify characteristics in plants and animals. Our families became scientists! We got to use science tools such as magnifying hand lenses and binoculars, and we learned all about what living things need be healthy.
A few provocations were asked that made us think…..
What are characteristics of living things?
What do things need to grow?
Why do we need living things?
Ms. Legowski modeled reading the story, The Three Little Pigs by James Marshall and then we were invited to explore stations. We examined and discussed objects from nature using the science tools to study the details. Afterward, family homework was assigned.
Families were assigned to go on nature walks in their neighborhoods. Every walk was an opportunity for the children to learn about the natural world. As they explored their neighborhoods, they observed and noticed the small details and new growth. The families documented what they saw on their walk using the paper and crayons they were given. Parents were asked to model using all five senses on their walk while collecting "artifacts" that they found on their walks.
Families were encouraged to check out their local library for books that will help their children learn more about animals, plants, and whatever else they observe. Every child left last evening with seven books that complimented our nature theme so they can continue reading and learning about nature at home.


How To: Register as a TAPPI Non-Member from TAPPI on Vimeo.
Why register as a non-member?
If you have never registered an account with TAPPI, becoming a TAPPI Non-member is a great way to explore what TAPPI has to offer. As a non-member, you can participate in community discussion with other members and non-members, as well as TAPPI staff.
If you would like to become involved with a TAPPI committee, visit TAPPI.org to become a member.
TAPPI members can join any of nearly 80 different Technical Committees. Involvement in Technical Divisions and Committees gives TAPPI members the opportunity to meet and work with other members to share ideas and solve problems.
TAPPI's 15 Local Sections involve over 7500 members from almost every part of the United States. The sections, which are organized geographically, hold meetings, and sponsor mill tours, technical programs, and workshops tailored to the member needs. They allow professionals to focus on specific topics that may be unique to their respective geographical area, and develop a network of industry contacts.
TAPPI Local Sections sponsor 27 Student Chapters located on college campuses with curricula relevant to the paper and related industry. The chapters offer students an opportunity to meet their peers, interact with future employers and industry veterans, tour various facilities, and contribute to technical programs.


Our newest tassel in our collaboration with passementerist, Jessica Light. These lovely tassels make wonderful little gifts and this pretty pink option is perfect for adding a little extra colour to your home. Drawer, door handles and desks just got more fun!


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su kacagi tespiti istanbul hurdaci
The Homeless Man who made DOMINO'S a $9 Billion Franchise | How Dominos was made?
by Trupti Nair
The dominoes we know and love today has become a billion-dollar empire.
But before it joined the ranks of McDonald's and KFC, it was an unwanted pizza store.
That changed when the founder went from being homeless to the genius behind delivering for free. Let's find out How Dominos was made in this blog?
THE UNWANTED CHILD – 28 years before Domino's Opened
THE FIRST BIG MISTAKE – 10 years before Domino's invented the Modern Pizza Box.
ROBBED OF COLLEGE DREAM – 8 Year's before Domino's became a Franchise.
FORCED INTO HOMELESSNESS – 22 years before Domino's Opened Over 1000 stores.
CHALLENGING THE INDUSTRY STANDARD – 20 Years before Domino's Expanded Globally.
A BILLION DOLLAR EMPIRE – 48 years before Domino's become a $9 Billion Empire.
In 1937, TOM was born on Saint Patrick's Day in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
When Tom was just four years old, his father passed away on Christmas Eve.
Without their father, Tom's mother could no longer afford to raise her own kids.
She placed both Tom and his brother James into a FOSTER HOME.
On the first day at his new home Tom got into a fight, he longed day after day for his mother to return.
Nearly seven years later, Tom's mother had become a nurse and was able to provide for her two sons.
She moved the family back to Traverse City, Michigan where Tom started school.
At Tom's new catholic school he met FATHER RUSSELL PASENO.
He was aware of Tom's family situation and gave Tom odd jobs to do around the school and church for 35 cents an hour.
After the seventh grade, Tom moved schools.
He was still keen on working and decided to look for an opportunity by walking up and down the main street of his town.
He later found a job SELLING NEWSPAPERS and a summer job PICKING CHERRIES.
The work was hard and tedious.
He remembers thinking that, the business would be more efficient if they made a machine to shake down the trees and catch the cherries in the tarp.
It was the first instance where he started thinking like an entrepreneur.
To make more money Tom would go fishing and then sell his catches door to door while thinking of other ideas.
As his carefree and entrepreneurial spirit grew, his relationship with his mother withered.
They constantly argued until his mother decided to put him and his brother back into foster care.
Tom moved from one farm to another and ended up getting a job at a bowling alley.
He worked from 6:30 until midnight five days a week.
By high school, Tom moved again, but this time into a ramshackle farm that had no electricity.
During the wintertime, frosts and light peered through the cracks of the walls.
Life was difficult, the clothes Tom wore were worn out and filled with holes, and his shoes were always covered in manure.
While walking to school he would keep his feet to the floor hoping no other students would notice.
One day, he started to reflect on his path while shovelling a pile of manure that reached his ankles.
"How did I get so off track." it was then that he decided that he was going to fulfil his dream of becoming a priest.
So he applied to a seminary and was able to attend after his mother offered to pay with her savings.
Tom felt right at home at the seminary and didn't get homesick like the other boys.
He was even somewhat mischievous, he got into pillow fights and would talk in the study hall but he never did anything too serious.
In less than a year, he kicked Tom out of the seminary and told him he didn't have a vocation.
Tom's dream of becoming a priest was crushed.
Afterward, he was forced to move back into his mother's home.
They constantly argued as they did before until his mother gave up on him.
Without telling him she sent a police officer to fetch him after school and send him to a juvenile delinquent home.
"I felt like a criminal but had done nothing wrong," embarrassed.
Tom would walk a different route from school to home so that his classmates would never know.
Fortunately, when his aunt and uncle found out they petitioned the courts to have him live with them instead.
By then Tom didn't care about graduating high school until he saw his aunt making preparations for his graduation.
Not wanting to disappoint her, he asked his teacher if there was anything he could do to graduate.
She gave in to his plays and allowed him to graduate last in his class.
In his yearbook, he wrote "the harder I try to be good, the worse I get, but I may do something sensational yet."
He attended FERRIS STATE COLLEGE improved his marks and applied to the University of Michigan.
After being accepted he couldn't afford the tuition.
So he left to join the Marine Corps thinking it was the army.
By the time he realized it was too late, he could no longer attend college for another two years.
All he could do was make the best out of the situation. "If I could survive the marines, I knew I could handle anything."
While training he decided to focus on improving himself mentally and physically.
He started reading inspirational books and would imagine himself building an empire.
In 1959, Tom was dispatched from the marines.
He had $2000 dollars in savings put aside for his college tuition.
But he lost every penny after meeting a slick businessman who convinced him to invest in a get rich quick scheme.
With only 15 dollars left in his pockets, he hitchhiked from San Diego to Ann Arbor.
He moved in with his younger brother James and got a job as a supervisor for a local newspaper.
He scraped just enough money for his college tuition but dropped out after three weeks.
He had no money left for books and decided to try again in the next semester.
To make more money he started selling newspaper subscriptions, he ended up getting many customers by offering to deliver.
The experience showed him the appeal in delivery and that when you see an opportunity it's important to seize it.
When the semester came around he was able to pay for his tuition and books, but he dropped out again he was so busy working that he had no time to study.
At 23 years old, he was a two-time dropout driving a beat-up car.
He felt like any dreams he had for the future was falling apart.
That's when his younger brother James came to his rescue.
He heard that a small store was on the market for a cheap price, it was called Dominick's in Ypsilanti Near Eastern Michigan University.
Dominicks Pizza – How Domino's was made – CEOCOLUMN
He asked Tom if he wanted to buy the store with him.
They could split shifts so that Tom would have enough time to study.
Tom only had $77 dollars in his bank account, so he took out a $500 loan and bought the store with James.
Right after they signed the agreement James got cold feet, he was scared to leave the security of his job as a mailman.
Six months later, he gave into his fears.
After Tom took his first night off, James realized that running the store was too much work and quit.
So Tom had no choice but to take over instead of returning to college.
At first, he was disappointed, he decided that if he was going to be in the pizza business it would have to be the best in the country.
Tom was thinking big, but his business was far from growing, in fact, the store was losing money every single week.
When he ran out of money he had no choice but to live off stale popcorn that he found in a cupboard for a week.
He couldn't afford to eat his own pizza unless it was burned.
Eventually, he became homeless too, he couldn't pay for his rent and slept in the store.
His luck seemed to be getting worse with each passing day.
One evening, half of his staff didn't show up, so that's when he decided to limit the types of pizzas they made, it turned out to be their most profitable night ever.
From then on he focused on keeping his menu simple and delivering for free.
He was the first pizza store to do this.
After the Ypsilanti store became profitable, he decided to open a second store in Mount Pleasant near central Michigan University.
The night that he signed the agreement he laid in bed feeling scared to death.
Why am I taking a risk on a second store when the first one is doing so well?
Tom realized it too late to go back on his commitment.
Not only was the agreement signed but he had also purchased the equipment.
Fortunately, it turned out to be a risk well worth taking.
That location along with the first became the busiest pizza store in the country.
They sold thousands of pizzas each week.
Most of its business came from students living on campus and customers wanting delivery.
After just a few years, Tom slowly built his empire.
Much like he envisioned when he was training in the marines.
When he opened his third store the former owner called, Tom wasn't allowed to use their name anymore since their customers were getting confused.
So he settled on Domino's after one of his drivers told him he was known as that guy from Dominos'.
This was the least of his problems.
The more pizza he delivered the more issues he'd encountered.
It was hard to keep a balance of the ingredients staying moist and the crust crispy.
So Tom asked a manufacturer to develop a box made of corrugated paper with holes since it could strengthen insulation and retain heat longer.
They were reluctant to make it, but Tom kept pushing.
American technology is putting space satellites in orbit these days and you're telling me you can't punch a clean hole in a piece of cardboard.
Tom's idea ended up being extremely cheap and mass-producible.
It inspired him to come up with more ideas that became the industry standard including heated pouches, conveyor ovens, doe trays, and commissaries.
In the late 60s, Tom attended a franchise seminar at Boston College.
There he met Ray Kroc from McDonald's and Josh Brown from KFC.
Both men were responsible for turning what was once a small restaurant into a major franchise.
They inspired Tom to continue to deliver with a focus on franchising.
"Nobody thought you could make money on delivery. Most places delivered just to get some volume before they could afford to cut out the service. But I thought I could do it."
It was then that he set the ambitious goal of opening a new store a week.
By 1969, he nearly met that goal.
32 domino stores open, but almost all of them failed and Tom found himself $1.5 million dollars in debt.
To avoid bankruptcy, he relinquished control of the company to a bank.
They brought in a so-called expert who made things even worse by raising prices and cutting back on quality.
Within a year the bank handed the company back to Tom, it was in the worst financial shape ever.
Franchisees filed lawsuits and suppliers hadn't been paid in a long time.
"I had well over a thousand creditors and got lawsuits from about 150 of them. I was on the phone every day telling them all the same thing: all I can do is pay for my food and rent so I can stay open and pay you." ~ Tom Monaghan
One at a time, Tom slowly won them back and within a year he paid off his debt.
All of the lawsuits in his debt made him realize that he needed to change his business model.
Anyone who wanted to franchise no longer had to pay an initial fee, instead, they had to manage a store for at least a year successfully.
Tom's idea not only worked but proved to be extremely successful.
By 1983, there were over one thousand domino stores, a three thousand percent increase.
The company grew even more after Tom created a new policy. "If customers didn't receive their order within 30 minutes, it was free."
Only a year later, Tom opened over 5000 stores and Domino's became the largest pizza delivery company in the world.
He also managed to buy the DETROIT TIGERS.
Today Domino's is worth $9 Billion and has stores in more than 85 countries.
This is the story of how an orphan with the worst luck turned a single pizza store into a billion-dollar empire.
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When it comes to cutting trees, you should not go for the same until it is necessity. There will be times when the tree in your premises is growing so rapidly that it is on the verge of harming or damaging your home or other property. In that case, you need to hire professional tree service providers who can help you out by carrying out such tree services like tree pruning in Melbourne.
If you search on the internet or your local business directory, you will find many companies offering such services. all you need to do is to hire one that offers best services of stump removal in Melbourne and has all the equipments necessary to carry out such task.
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1962 Gibson ES-330TD, Sunburst, Bigsby
Superb Gibson ES-330TD from 1962 with rare combination of block inlays and black P-90 covers. The ES-330 is already one of our favourite Golden-Era Gibson models, add in an original early-sixties Selmer licensed UK Bigsby and amazing Crocskin Selmer Case and you have one very cool instrument.
After successfully launching the new Thinline ES range of guitars in 1958 Gibson expanded the lineup in 1959 to include a new more affordable student model. The newly released ES-330T and dual pickup version ES-330TD shared a similar silhouette to the Thinline range but were produced with a 16-fret neck joint and a fully hollow body. As such ES-330s share more in common with Gibson's earlier Thinline Archtop such as the ES-225T and ES-225TD, the model it succeeded in 1959. The ES-330 proved very popular for Gibson throughout its initial production run with the ES-330TD appearing in the catalog from 1959 until 1972 with the single pickup ES-330 being phased out in 1963.
This ES-330TD is a variation that Gibson only produced for a short while in 1962 as they transitioned from the earlier Dot fingerboard inlays to Block inlays and Black P-90 covers to Nickel, this gives these ES-330's a distinctive appearance. In '62 the ES-330 was available in Sunburst and Cherry Finish with 496 and 179 respectively shipped that year.
The guitar has been uncirculated since 1970 and has been very well cared for. Aside from one changed pot, is as it was in 1970. The guitar is in very nice condition throughout and apart from a few additional holes by the strap button is free from repairs.
The finish is excellent throughout and backlights with no issues. The Sunburst is unfaded and has the classic early-sixties silhouette. From certain angles there are a few small areas of expected age related checking but overall the finish is good. Hardware comprises of single-line Kluson tuners with plastic Kidney Bean Buttons, the original frets are in good condition and have plenty of life left, the wide bevel pickguard is good with minimal curl. the no-wire ABR-1 has nylon saddles the guitar has a Catalin style Switch tip fitted. The guitar has an original early '60s Selmer licensed Bigsby B6 fitted - Selmer imported Gibson into the UK in the early sixties and had been producing Bigsby Vibrato units under licence since 1961. The 1962 Selmer Catalog advertises various licensed Bigsby units for sale for 12 guineas. It's possible that the guitar was originally sold in 1962 with the Bigsby fitted or it could have been added shortly after purchase. The two P-90 pickups are the powerhouse of the ES-330 and this guitar has two excellent sounding examples, the bridge pickup measures 8.2K and the neck pickup 8.4K. One pot has been changed but otherwise the electronics are tidy and consistent with two Sprague Blackbeauty caps and CentraLab pots with late 1961 date code.
The neck profile is the classic medium thickness early '60s profile. The 2 single coil P-90 pickups sound snappy with bite and twang on the bridge and big, warm and rounded with the neck selected, the middle position a perfect blend of the two.
The guitar comes with the period correct Selmer Import 'Crocskin' No.298 Case also in exellent condition.


Has South Indian Wedding invitation cards transformed with changing times?
It is a well know fact that wedding invitation cards these days are turning surprisingly creative and sensational. At the same time, it will be right to mention that the bride and groom have started to look forward to a marriage card with a lot of expectation. In fact, people today are very pleasant to receive a shining piece of wedding card through a postal mail. The new type marriage cards have revamped the whole version of the simple and dull invitation cards. These cards do not violate the old rites and do maintain the soberness which is expected to be maintained for inviting the guests.
However, if you look at south wedding invitation cards, the cards which are available in the market are still similar to old ones. It is known fact that people of South India are very simple and maintain certain decorum in wedding celebration. They opt for purity instead of ostentation. Hence, South Indian wedding invitation cards are simple and have very little glamour on it.
But, with the changing times the taste of the people is changing but decoration is still on minimal point. So, if you are looking for a south Indian wedding invitation card website then you are at the right place in the right time. You are likely to get an excellent range of cards which will showcase collections with the simple to modern designs.
Well now it's your call to choose either an extremely simple cards or you can opt for modern ones. You can also select invitations which are easy to customize and can be specialized as perfect ones. So, where to look for best south Indian wedding cards and the answer is 123weddingcards.com. Our website provides various highly customizable invitation cards to suit your requirement.
In order to select the design of your liking with rich color and texture, this portal caters to all segments of marriage ceremony. The cards are beautifully crafted by efficient workmen keeping in mind the relevance and piousness. Different types of handmade cards with beautiful designs and eloquent colors are available in a wide variety of range as per the budget. A whole range of designer cards, scroll invitations are available for South Indian bridal ceremony which makes the event perfect in best possible manner. So, it cannot be denied that most south Indian invitations are simple and royal. So, www.123weddingcards.com is the great place to buy these wedding invitation cards.


Publisher's Message - It's the people, stupid.
blessings than it does with the personal contributions of her people.
The San Clemente Ocean Festival is one example. What began as a one-year event during America's Bicentennial of 1976, has grown into one of our largest annual gatherings. It is a remarkable event, both for its promotion of wholesome, good family fun, and the ability to not only survive battles of economy, weather and other calamities for 30 years, but to thrive, bringing hundreds of thousands of dollars to needy causes.
Like most things that get done around here, it is primarily the work of volunteers. Many of them began donating their time and money to the cause before the last 40,000 of us had even moved in. They took the simple joys of playing at the beach; running, swimming, surfing, building sand castles, and turned them into a family-sized sports festival, growing every year with more and more ways to enjoy our resources at the shore.
The Ocean Festival is a tribute to Volunteerism. Two to three hundred come out every year. One of those volunteers is this issue's San Clementean, Dorothy Fuller, whose personal contributions have had a strong hand in its development and success. She is an extraordinary citizen who answered a call to public service and continues today to offer her services wherever they are needed.
Lee Van Slyke, another volunteer from the Historical Society, writes in this issue about citizen involvement on a different level, those who have filled our commissions and city councils and have given so much of their time to oversee the planning, directing and implementing of public policy for almost 80 years.
Commerce, the Downtown Business Association, the Woman's Guild, the service clubs, so many organizations, all working because of local caring people who just want to give something back, all sharing an undisclosed understanding, that if we, as her temporary caretakers, can leave her a little better than we found her, San Clemente's future is secure.
So in your travels, when you're asked 'what makes your town so special?' share the scenes that you must, the golden sun as it sets behind the silloetted pier, the red-tiles that cover the thick spanish walls, the flowered walks through green gardens ... but remember too, the human hands that built this village, and caring people who made it a community.


Ventilation with heat recovery for efficiency Ventilation units with heat recovery are key in terms of energy savings, as they ensure that the warmth carried by the exhaust air is not wasted, but first transferred to the incoming fresh air without the two air streams ever physically mixing. In extremely hot conditions, heat exchangers can also work in reverse so that the heat carried by the incoming air is transferred to the exhaust air and thus pre-cooled before entering the rooms. These systems should also be equipped with automatically controlled bypasses, thus allowing the incoming air to bypass heat exchange, for example, during the night at times when days are warm and nights are cool. A Passive House can only function with a highly efficient heat recovery, as ventilation systems without heat recovery waste far more energy per year than a Passive House uses for heat (at the same rate of air exchange, a ventilation unit without heat recovery may lose about 24kWh/(m²yr) whereas a Passive House's maximum space heating demand is only 15kWh/(m²yr). The ventilation systems used in Passive Houses must thus have heat recovery efficiencies of at least 75% while the electricity consumption for such systems should not exceed 0.45 Wh/m³ of the transport air volume. Additionally, the acoustic load of the ventilation systems for use in Passive Houses should not exceed 25dB. Pipes and values should be planned accordingly, making use of silencers. Ventilation with heat recovery for comfort A ventilation system with heat recovery ensures that plentiful, nearly room temperature fresh air enters the building in a controlled manner. Draughts are eliminated and residents need not actively air out the rooms. It is important that the fresh air entering the building not exceed 30m³ per hour per person, so as to avoid overly dry air. Such a ventilation system should not be confused with air conditioning systems; humidifying the air within the ventilation system is to be avoided for reasons of hygiene. The ventilation systems used in Passive Houses provide unparalleled indoor air quality through the use of a high quality, F7 filter at the suction point (the unit must also be equipped with a drain). During heat recovery, the exhaust air must not mix with the supply air. Due to reasons of hygiene, a humidifier within the ventilation unit is not possible. It is important to remember that Passive Houses utilise ventilation systems, NOT air necessarily conditioning systems.


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Military Intelligence Service (MIS):…
Military Intelligence Service (MIS): Using Their Words
International Translation Day is an opportunity to pay tribute to the work of language professionals and their role in bringing about peace. Roughly 6,000 Japanese Americans served as translators and interpreters with the Military Intelligence Service (MIS) in the Pacific, using the language of their parents and grandparents to shorten the war and save lives.
During World War II, individuals of Japanese ancestry in the United States, predominantly American citizens, were seen by many as the enemy. Their loyalty to the nation was questioned, and their basic rights were stripped away. Nearly 120,000 men, women, and children were forced from their homes and confined in camps for years, without benefit of trial. Despite this treatment, 33,000 Japanese Americans served their country in Europe and the Pacific, earning numerous honors. Roughly 6,000 Japanese Americans served as translators and interpreters with the Military Intelligence Service (MIS) in the Pacific. The contributions of Nisei (second-generation Japanese Americans) in the realm of intelligence and communications were vital to victory in the Pacific.
Prior to the Pearl Harbor attack, the United States recognized a critical lack of knowledge of the Japanese language. On November 1, 1941, the US Military Intelligence Service (MIS) established a school for Japanese translation and interpretation at The Presidio in San Francisco. Most of the students were Nisei, but it was found that only one in 10 of these American students were fluent enough in Japanese to be useful. Some of the Nisei who operated as translators were Kibei, those who had been sent before the war from America back to Japan to study. Others studied Japanese as youths at language schools in the United States and never became fluent in the language of their parents.
MISLS 4th Class, Fall 1944. Center, with glasses, is graduate Ted Yenari. The National WWII Museum Digital Collections, Gift of Ted Yeanri, 2004.178.001
The first class graduated 45 Nisei in May 1942, the same month that mass relocations of Japanese Americans on the West Coast began. In June, due to the Exclusion Zone orders, the school was moved to the Midwest, ending up at Fort Snelling, Minnesota. It reopened as the Military Intelligence Service Language School (MISLS). Each class grew—in all nearly 6,000 Japanese Americans graduated through the rigorous six-month training program and served with the Military Intelligence Service (MIS)—including many recruited from incarceration centers. They fought using their knowledge of the Japanese language and culture. They were responsible for translating and interpreting documents, interrogating prisoners, and communicating with civilians.
Saipan. Sgt. Bob Hoichi Kubo, of Lahaina, Maui, Hawaii, an interpreter with the American Assault Forces, tries to comfort an abandoned Japanese boy found in a field. Kubo received the DSC for his actions on Saipan in persuading Japanese soldiers to surrender and release more than 100 civilian hostages. Courtesy National Archives.
Japanese Americans serving in the Pacific feared not only being killed by the enemy, but being killed accidentally by their fellow American soldiers. Fear of capture and treatment as a traitor by the Japanese was also always present. Many Nisei had family in Japan and felt that it was only by the grace of god that they were not fighting on the other side. Grant Ichikawa recalled in his oral history with the Museum:
"Being a linguist in a division full of people, when you have to deal with the enemy, you're the one that does that."
Grant Ichikawa
Communicating directly with the enemy, in the language of one's parents, was incredibly fraught, and for some, presented difficult questions about identity and heritage. For some Japanese Americans, it was difficult to reconcile using the Japanese language for American victory when one's dog tags bore the address of the camp back home in the United States where your parents were incarcerated.
Japan did not account for the employment of the Nisei in the US military. Recognizing a weakness and hoping to exploit the American unfamiliarity with the Japanese language, Japanese communications were often transmitted in plain language rather than code. In addition, the Japanese did not train their troops on how to act when captured, because surrendering or being captured was not acceptable. So rather than being prepared with the standard "name, rank, and serial number," Japanese POWs often told their Nisei interrogators anything they asked.
Nisei in the MIS served in the CBI (China Burma India theater) with Merrill's Marauders, and in Alaska with the Alaska Defense Command. They acted as cave flushers at Okinawa and Iwo Jima, convincing civilians and soldiers to surrender. One of the most valuable contributions of the Nisei in the MIS was the translation of the captured documents referred to as the "Z Plan," which outlined the Japanese plans for counterattack in the Southwest Pacific in 1944.
By the war's end Nisei linguists had translated an astounding 20.5 million pages of documents. Without a doubt, the intelligence gathered by MIS interpreters shortened the war and saved lives. The work that many Japanese Americans performed with the MIS extended beyond World War II into the Cold War years, including occupation duty. Nisei often served as a bridge between occupation authorities and civilians. This service often continued through the Korean War and into the Vietnam era.
During war crimes trials in the Pacific, Nisei translators and interpreters monitored translations, both English and Japanese, performed by Japanese interpreters. They listened for accuracy and possible corrections, ensuring a correct translation for the court records.
Mr. Sho Onodera and Mr. Lanny Miyamoto, civil service Nisei monitors from Los Angeles and civil service employees for the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, listen to courtroom procedure in Tokyo on September 3, 1946. Courtesy National Archives.
The postwar contribution of the MIS included women; Nisei volunteers with the Women's Army Corps [WAC] were trained in translation of military documents for occupation duty. Until the early 1970s many of the contributions of the MIS were classified, and the stories and service of Nisei linguists went unrecognized. The first recognition of MIS veterans came with the Presidential Unit Citation awarded in 2000 by President George W. Bush. In 2010, MIS veterans received the Congressional Gold Medal along with the other Japanese American veterans of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team and the 100th Infantry Battalion.
For more from Grant Ichikawa and other MIS veterans, view the video of Japanese Americans in the Military Intelligence Service from our past exhibition, From Barbed Wire to Battlefields: Japanese American Experiences in World War II.
High School Life at Rohwer War Relocation Center
Rohwer War Relocation Center in McGehee, Arkansas, was created to educate the children of Japanese American descent who were forced from their homes along the West Coast of the United States and required to live behind barbed wire for the duration of World War II, far from the homes they knew.
Kim Guise
Kimberly Guise holds a BA in German and Judaic Studies from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. She also studied at the Universität Freiburg in Germany and holds a masters in Library and Information Science (MLIS) from Louisiana State University. Kim is fluent in German, reads Yiddish, and specializes in the American prisoner-of-war experience in World War II.
Pacific Theater of Operations
European Theater of Operations
The Destruction of Monte Cassino
A stalemate on the Gustav Line in January 1944 brought about one of the more controversial Allied decisions of Italian campaign.
Otto Ohlendorf, Einsatzgruppe D, and the 'Holocaust by Bullets'
As the leader of Einsatzgruppe D, Otto Ohlendorf was responsible for the murder of 90,000 Soviet Jews, Roma, and Communists.
The Capture and Execution of William Joyce
On January 3, 1946, ardent fascist and Nazi propaganda broadcaster William "Lord Haw-Haw" Joyce was executed following his conviction for treason.
Coming To America: The War Brides Act of 1945
By the winter of 1945, millions of American military personnel were on the move, but they were not alone. More than 60,000 women wed by American servicemen during World War II hoped to leave their old homes behind and rejoin their husbands for a new life in the United States. However, for these "War Brides" restrictive American immigrations policies posed a major challenge.
Miracle: The Girl from Rotterdam
A Christmas classic, Miracle on 34th Street, provides a surprisingly realistic perspective on WWII refugees.
"America Remembers Wake Island and Is Proud": The Battle That Lifted a Nation's Morale in 1941
The valiant defense of Wake Island by US Marines, sailors, soldiers, and civilians became a potent rallying point for Americans in the dark days after Pearl Harbor.
The Death of a General: George S. Patton, Jr.
General George S. Patton, Jr., one of America's greatest battlefield commanders, died on December 21, 1945 in an Army hospital in Heidelberg, Germany.