I recently solved a problem, which says that,


  A positive integer can be multiplied with another integer resulting in
  a positive integer that is composed only of one and zero as digits.


How can I prove that this is true(currently I assume that it is). Also, is it possible to establish an upper bound on the length(number of digits) of the number generated?

Not only is it possible to find a multiple of $n$ whose decimal expansion consists solely of $0$s and $1$s, it is possible to arrange for all the $1$s to come before all the $0$s.

Suppose first that $n$ is coprime to $10$. Then by Fermat–Euler, $10^{\varphi (9n)} \equiv 1 \pmod{9n}$. Thus $(10^{\varphi (9n)} -1)/9 \equiv 0 \pmod{n}$, and so there is a multiple of $n$ which consists solely of $1$s, namely $(10^{\varphi (9n)} -1)/9$.

Now consider the opposite case that $n=2^a 5^b$ for some natural $a, b$. Then some multiple of $n$ is a power of $10$: either $2^{b-a}n$ or $5^{a-b}n$, depending on whether $a$ or $b$ is greater.

Thus for general $n$, we can express $n$ as $2^a 5^b m$, where $m$ is coprime to $10$. Then we can find a multiple of $m$ which is a string of $1$s and a multiple of $2^a 5^b$ which is a power of $10$, and hence a multiple of $n$ which is a string of $1$s followed by a string of $0$s. Specifically, there are $\varphi (9m)$ $1$s and $\max(a,b)$ $0$s, so $\varphi (9m)+\max(a,b)$ gives an upper bound on the number of digits needed.
