The EFF recommends using HTTPS everywhere on your site, and I'm sure this site would agree. When I asked a question about using Django to implement HTTPS on my login page, that was certainly the response I got :)

So I'm trying to do just that. I have a Django/nginx setup that I'm trying to configure for HTTPS-only - it's sort of working, but there are problems. More importantly, I'm sure if it's really secure, despite seeing the https prefix.

I have configured nginx to redirect all http pages to https, and that part works. However... Say I have a page, https://mysite.com/search/, with a search form/button on it. I click the button, Django processes the form, and does a redirect to a results page, which is http://mysite.com/search/results?term="foo".

This URL gets sent to the browser, which sends it back to the nginx server, which does a permanent redirect to an https-prefixed version of the page. (At least I think that's what is happening - certainly IE warns me that I'm going to an insecure page, and then right back to a secure page :)

But is this really secure? Or, at least as much security as a standard HTTPS-only site would have? Is the fact that Django transmits a http-prefix URL, someone compromising security? Yes, as far as I can tell, only pages that have an https-prefix get replied to, but it just doesn't feel right :) Security is funky, as this site can attest to, and I'm worried there's something I'm missing.

Secure your cookies

In settings.py put the lines

SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = True
CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE = True


and cookies will only be sent via HTTPS connections.   Additionally, you probably also want SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE=True.  Note if you are using older versions of django (less than 1.4), there isn't a setting for secure CSRF cookies.  As a quick fix, you can just have CSRF cookie be secure when the session cookie is secure (SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE=True), by editing  django/middleware/csrf.py:

class CsrfViewMiddleware(object):
   ...
   def process_response(self, request, response):
       ...
       response.set_cookie(settings.CSRF_COOKIE_NAME,
            request.META["CSRF_COOKIE"], max_age = 60 * 60 * 24 * 7 * 52,
            domain=settings.CSRF_COOKIE_DOMAIN,
            secure=settings.SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE or None)


Direct HTTP requests to HTTPS in the webserver

Next you want a rewrite rule that redirects http requests to https, e.g., in nginx

server {
   listen 80;
   rewrite ^(.*) https://$host$1 permanent;
}


Django's reverse function and url template tags only return relative links; so if you are on an https page your links will keep you on the https site.

Set OS environmental variable HTTPS to on

Finally, (and my original response excluded this), you need to enable the OS environmental variable HTTPS to 'on' so django will prepend https to fully generated links (e.g., like with HttpRedirectRequests).  If you are using mod_wsgi, you can add the line:

os.environ['HTTPS'] = "on"


to your wsgi script.  If you are using uwsgi, you can add an environmental variable by the command line switch --env HTTPS=on or by adding the line env = HTTPS=on to your uwsgi .ini file.  As a last resort if nothing else works, you could edit your settings file to have the lines import os and os.environ['HTTPS'] = "on", which also should work.

If you are using wsgi, you may want to additionally set the environmental variable wsgi.url_scheme to 'https' by adding this to your settings.py :

os.environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] = 'https'


The wsgi advice courtesy of Vijayendra Bapte's comment.

You can see the need for this environmental variable by reading django/http/__init__.py:

def build_absolute_uri(self, location=None):
    """
    Builds an absolute URI from the location and the variables available in
    this request. If no location is specified, the absolute URI is built on
    ``request.get_full_path()``.
    """
    if not location:
        location = self.get_full_path()
    if not absolute_http_url_re.match(location):
        current_uri = '%s://%s%s' % (self.is_secure() and 'https' or 'http',
                                     self.get_host(), self.path)
        location = urljoin(current_uri, location)
    return iri_to_uri(location)

def is_secure(self):
    return os.environ.get("HTTPS") == "on"


Additional Web Server Things:

Take that guy's advice and turn on HSTS headers in your web server by adding a line to nginx:

add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;


This tells your web browser that your website for the next 10 years will be using HTTPS only.  If there's any Man-in-the-middle attack on any future visit from the same browser (e.g., you log on to a malicious router in a coffee-shop that redirects you to an HTTP version of the page), your browser will remember it is supposed to be HTTPS only and prevent you from inadvertently giving up your information.  But be careful about this, you can't change your mind and later decide part of your domain will be served over HTTP (until the 10 years have passed from when you removed this line).  So plan ahead; e.g., if you believe your application may soon grow in popularity and you'll need to be on a big CDN that doesn't handle HTTPS well at a price you can afford, you may have an issue.

Also make sure you disable weak protocols.  Submit your domain to an SSL Test to check for potential problems (too short key, not using TLSv1.2, using broken protocols, etc.).  E.g., in nginx I use:

ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_ciphers "EECDH+ECDSA+AESGCM EECDH+aRSA+AESGCM EECDH+ECDSA+SHA384 EECDH+ECDSA+SHA256 EECDH+aRSA+SHA384 EECDH+aRSA+SHA256 EECDH+aRSA+RC4 EECDH EDH+aRSA RC4 !aNULL !eNULL !LOW !3DES !MD5 !EXP !PSK !SRP !DSS";

