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  How could the first C++ compiler be written in C++?  




I know my question goes to the underground galaxy cave where languages are born and involves some lambda math and light-years of google-studying. But what kind of knowledge is necessary to create a language?

Look up "bootstrapping".

Basically you start with a very minimal process/set of functions that can be used to compile the code that defines a slightly more functional compiler. This creates your next compiler which then can then be used to build code that can do even more. You repeat this process until you have a full blown compiler that can compile all the language features.

The other alternative is to write the first version of the compiler in a different language and then write the next version in your target language.
