What is the proof, without leaving the Earth, and involving only basic physics, that the earth rotates around its axis?

By basic physics I mean the physics that the early physicists must've used to deduce that it rotates, not relativity.

Foucault pendulum. I don't know how the ancients did it, but it is surely pure classical mechanics.



The animation describes the motion of a Foucault Pendulum at a latitude of 30°N.
