<s>[INST] Tell me, which town is the coldest town on planet Earth? [/INST] The coldest permanently inhabited settlement on Earth is popularly considered to be Oymyakon, Russia, which is located in the far northern part of the country. The average temperature in Oymyakon during January, the coldest month of the year, is around -45°C (-50°F), and the lowest recorded temperature in the town was -71.2°C (-96.16°F). The harsh weather conditions in Oymyakon are due to its high latitude and the influence of the cold Siberian air masses. Despite the extreme cold, the town has a small population of around 500 people who chose to brave it. </s>