How did Kirito's Illusion actually kill?

Rather than an illusion magic, it seems what Kirito used is a transformation magic instead. The following is based from the 3rd novel.

"Well, I somehow remember the battle earlier. I used the magic Yui suggested, and became very big. Since my sword disappeared, I had to use my hands..."
"Also with the teeth bite yo~"
On Lyfa's shoulder, Yui added with pleasure.

Remember that Yui is an AI from Aincrad and that upon arriving at the Alfheim world, Kirito noticed that Alfheim is based on Aincrad, including the skill sets and player data.

In the skills window, I saw several skills side by side. These skills included: 1-H Swords, Unarmed Skills, and Parry, the Combat skills, as well as Fishing, a support skill, but the proficiency values were abnormal. More were just about 900, and some had even reached 1,000 and had a tag denoting MASTERY.

Later when asking Yui, Yui confirmed that.

"It seems this world is based on a copy of the Sword Art Online server."

This explains how Kirito can turn into The Gleam Eyes. Since it is a copy of the SAO, some resource file might be still left intact. While it is not normally accessible by the players, with Yui giving assist, it is possible that she hacked the system a bit and granted access to Kirito to transform into The Gleam Eyes. This wasn't explicitly mentioned in the novel, however.


Why do Jinchuuriki die when their biju are extracted?

The reason are not been clear, probably it never will be, now that Naruto is scheduled to end this year.

The Sage of Six Paths told himself that no matter what, if a Tailed Beast is extracted from someone, they die.

I believe that's canon material and a fact in Narutoverse. I guess we just have to make our peace with it.

On a personal note, in my opinion, when someone becomes a  Jinchuuriki, the huge chakra of the Tailed Beast enters into the ninja's body and gets mixed up with that of the ninja's.
Imagine the body of ninja is water, and the ninja's chakra is a pinch of sugar dissolved in the water. The process of turning into a Jinchuuriki would be like adding salt (= Tailed Beast's chakra) to the mixture. Now to extract the Tailed Beast's chakra, it's impossible to do so without drying up the ninja first, i.e. Ninja has to die.


Why doesn't the navy arrest every pirate entering Grand line

Primary reason is because not all pirates are from the 4 Seas. Many pirates are hail from the Grandline themselves. If they are weak they leave Grandline and make themselves home in other parts of the ocean. A good Example is Arlong who left Grandline to conquer East Blue or Lola who escaped from "New World" into "paradise".

Navy also takes into consideration a variety of factors.

Pirates eliminate each other. Luffy didn't fight marines initially except Captain Morgan and then Smoker. He however eliminated other heavyweights of East Blue. Saved Marine the trouble. Thus stopping new pirates from entering the Grand Line may be proved counterproductive.
Shichibukai. The warlord system has worked well for the World Government. Pirates entering the Grandline are young and immature but only the strongest survive to reach the Redline. Thus The establishment of Marine Triangle near Sabaody Archipelago. They can stop the pirates their as well
Marines True Purpose. The true purpose of Marines isn't controlling the pirates. The pirates are dangerous because they are after the "truth". It is heavily foreshadowed that One Piece would reveal the details of Void Century and how World Government was formed. Hence the best of these are near the New World
Tenryubitto. The protection of "Gods" is also a much more important task. Hence we see Marine captains are of all types some of which routinely oppress citizens, are corrupt and don't care for the average people. Hence, the rise of Piracy and Banditry

The situation however is not completely like that. The marine implements what you've tried to ask. Try to think of the reason why Smoker was deployed at Logue Town. It was because being the last island before entering the grand line pirates would flock there to resupply before entering the grand line. We also see how he captures numerous pirates before they even enter grand line. A Logia powered captain can easily capture pirates worth 100 Million I believe.


This wikia page summarizes the known power levels from the original Dragon Ball series up to Dragon Ball GT. According to the wikia page:

  All of the levels on this list are taken from the manga, anime, movies, movie pamphlets, Daizenshuu guides, video games and stated mathematical calculations. After the Frieza Saga, the only power level stated by a scouter in the series is that of Future Trunks. In the 2000s, V-Jump revealed the official power levels of Cooler in his Final Form, Broly in his Legendary Super Saiyan form, and Gogeta in his Super Saiyan form.

Therefore, we only have the power levels up to SSJ1, with the exceptions listed above.

The concept of numbered power levels was introduced in the Saiyan Saga. My theory is that Akira Toriyama quickly realised that this was a dangerous path: it is not easy to keep the same consistency throughout the series, especially when we know how forgetful the author can be. After the Frieza saga, no additional power levels were introduced. I will be very surprised if they make a come back in Dragon Ball Super.


Why was the ending to the Arrancar arc so brief?

I think the whole thing will be explained in the manga. I haven't caught up yet completely but last I saw

   it looked like stuff's gonna go down with the soul king so I expect they'll explain more regarding that.Also at the start of the current arc they briefly showed Aizen being locked away almost as if they were hinting you should keep him in mind. I think it's gonna go deeper.


Is there a name for when characters eyes are hidden from the shot when emotional?

I have never known this by a specific name, but the closest you may come to is just 'hidden eyes'.

This is usually used to describe someone who is trying to hide their face because they're upset, hurt, not drawing attention to themselves etc. Other terms might be used for characters whose normal hairstyle obscures their eyes, regardless of the situation.


Inconsistent D-mail Dates in Steins;Gate Season 1 and Steins;Gate 0

Pardon me for this somehow lengthy response.

The episodes 1 and 7 of Steins;Gate tell a lot.

In the first half of episode 1, Okabe received a video mail from the future. It was received on 28 Jul 2010.

The main content of the mail, with the attached video file, in episode 1:

The video included in the mail, still locked, not playable (static), in episode 1:

The video, unlocked, playable, in episode 23:

This video mail definitely shows the received date, not the sent date.

In the same episode 1, we have the first D-mail which is what switched the world line from that of Beta to Alpha, sent on 28 Jul 2010 and received on 23 Jul 2010.

The mail received in Daru's phone:

The current date, which is consistent with the received date of the video mail above (28 Jul 2010):

Daru's received mail also shows the received date.

At the beginning of episode 7, they made a D-mail as an experiment which was to be sent on 3 Aug 2010 and received on 29 Jul 2010.

The timestamp shown at the very beginning of episode 7:

The contents of the D-mail sent:

This mail, too, uses the received date.

There are a few other time travel experiments but that's pretty much it for the anime, we can also consult the visual novel, its source material.

Unfortunately, Okabe's phone in the visual novel does show the receiving date, but not the year. The year has to be implied to be the current year unless otherwise specified by the characters reading the mail or the narration. Also, only the receiving date is what is normally shown.

What a mail normally looks like in the visual novel, with only the received date shown:

The above screen shows the LOTO SIX D-mail which was to be sent on 3 Aug 2010 and received on 27 Jul 2010. Just like the anime, it also only shows the received date.

A rare occasion where both the received and sent dates are shown:

  When receiving D-mails, which date is supposed to be used? The sending world line's date? Or the receiving world line's date? Normally, this doesn't matter since the send and receive dates will be almost the same for electronic communication.

With the above in mind, it is safe to assume that the date on the field ”受領日時”/"Date and time received" should always be the date the mail was received. In other words, the mail "Turn on the TV."/"Turn on the news..." in the episode 23 of Steins;Gate has an incorrect date, and should have the year
 2010, not 2025. Steins;Gate 0 episode 23 seems to correct it.

  Is this discrepancy intentional? Or is it a goof? If it is intentional, is there yet another world line change hidden underneath that we don't know yet? (The ending of Steins;Gate 0 left plenty of room for a 3rd season.)

It is most likely a mistake. Steins;Gate the anime is known to have its fair share of inconsistencies when it comes to details. As for Steins;Gate 0, it was meant to expand on the original, especially its beginning and ending, and explore the Beta world line(s). Before Steins;Gate 0, the Beta world line wasn't really explored because the original focused on the Alpha for the most part.


What if you wrote "eaten by a gigantic sea-snake" in the Death Note?

I'll attempt an answer.

There doesn't seem to be anything wrong with this per se, given the Death Note rules as I remember them. If sea monsters (or aliens) existed, this would be hypothetically fine as long as the conditions for such scenarios coming into play (e.g. A's journey to the sea doesn't take 24 days, or A doesn't have to fly from Urumqi to the Atlantic Ocean in an hour) are appropriate and possible. However, we run into some problems.

Obviously if sea monsters exist where A goes diving and the biology of sea monsters allows them to swallow A, we're fine. But how about aliens? What if, as I mentioned, it takes more than 23 days for them to arrive on earth?

If the aliens show up and kill A, or if the sea monster swallows him, we have proof of those things existing. But if A just dies of a heart attack, we don't know what we've "proved" or disproved. For example:

Maybe aliens (or whatever) don't exist.
Maybe it's impossible, at least at the moment, for aliens to show up and kill A within 23 days, because they don't have the appropriate technology.
With kaine's comment - maybe the mathematician simply isn't capable of solving the Riemann hypothesis that quickly for whatever reason.

So if we get a "positive" result, we're good. But if we get a negative one, we probably won't know why exactly such a result occurred, and in that sense this technique doesn't quite work (or rather, it wouldn't be as useful as one might imagine).


I believe she was happy to be free from her life as a prostitute - When Suitengu enters, she treats him like another client, begging for money and initiating intimacy by sucking on his fingers.

Yui's life was a wreck and you can see in the scene that she has been reduced to a weak state of survival, having been badly treated for (presumably) years.
She was most likely glad to be free of the living hell she was in.

Her smile could be interpreted as a final recognition of her brother, but personally I doubt it - she is confused and dismissive of both the music box and when Suitengu hugs her, it's only moments before we see her hand drop that she smiles.


What are the real-life origins of CPU and CPU Candidates?

Nepgear is based on the Sega Game Gear, its reference being that Neptune wears two hairclips while Nepgear only has one, possibly representing the maximum number of D-pads supported by the respective consoles the two are based on. (The Sega Neptune is equipped with two controller ports, while the Sega Game Gear requires a link cable to play with more than one player.)

Noire does represent the PlayStation as "Noire" means "Black" in French, the default color of PS2, PS3, PSP and PSVita. Her HDD form in Neptunia Victory is based on the original PlayStation, her human forms seems to be based on PlayStation 2, and the yellow diamond on her outfit being a variation of the Sony Computer Entertainment logo (seen upon booting up PlayStations). In Neptunia Victory, all of her Processor Units are based on PS consoles: Her default (Stone Gray) is based on the original PlayStation, Night Blue is based on the PlayStation 2, DX Silver is based on the PlayStation 3 prototype, Piano Black is based on the PlayStation 3 and Orbital-S is based on the PlayStation 4.

Uni is based on the PlayStation Portable, probably with her name derived from the PSP's optimal disc, the Universal Media Disc.

Vert and Leanbox references the Xbox and Xbox 360, but there is no concrete hint to which they are. Although, in the first game, Vert was said to have a problem with getting too hot; this may reference the 360's tendency to overheat. The Green Heart's outfit is revealing, preferably to easier vent heat.

Ram and Rom are both based on the Nintendo DS. As they are twins, they could resemble the DS' dual screen. The rectangles on their hats in their default outfit seems to represent the screen icons from the DS logo.


Can someone explain about the attendance record in "Another"

Yes, you are correct. After the calamity ends, the records are restored (even photographs), and some (maybe all, maybe none) of the memories.

Tatsuji keeps careful records of all classes 3-3. Since he reveals the truth about Mami in 1998, the data was already restored.

It is not shown, but he probably also tracks the deaths.

It is not shown if Tatsuji's memories were erased or not.  We know that the records both written and graphical (photographs) are edited and the extra removed - and later repositioned - name and image. But the memory of the calamity is not erased. People know that deaths occured. For someone tracking the calamity for as long as Tetsuji, and that know of the phenomena around the extra's records could spot a blank where something should be there. The calamity does not prevent discovery of the extra through sleuthing.

He could restore the information by crossing data from the records. The "extra" would be evident because there is no enrollment papers, no admission exam score, etc. Also the duplicate name.

As people remembering, it is blurry. People involved in a calamity class usually die or won't want to remember or keep themselves involved with the school.

So probably when Mami returned (or anyone else, for that matter) nobody that once knew her in life was there to remember.


According to video OP, it's from this album:
http://touhourecords.blogspot.fr/2016/03/kyandoru-raito-no-konran-emotional.html

Title: Electric cat
Album: Emotional Catastrophic Wind
Circle: Kyandoru Raito no Konran

I think I'll go against Gagantuous and saying that the original is not Withered Leaf but Fantastic Tales from Tohno (遠野幻想物語):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09FE5mEg-Mg


What song is playing when Junko demonstrates the brainwashing technique from the anime?

The song seems to be the execution music from Super Dangan Ronpa 2.


What was Tai cooking in the Digimon movie?

You might actually be referring to the omuraisu (rice omelette) that Tai cooked for himself, his sister Kari, and Koromon in Digimon Adventure Episode 21, around the 8:38 mark. It's possible that you mistook that scene for being a part of the second part of Digimon: The Movie due to the fact that it takes place in the real world and has a similar washed-out color scheme.

Here's an album of relevant screenshots from that episode.

However, if you're actually referring to Digimon: The Movie, like Eric stated above in the comments, Tai cooks an egg in the first part of the movie, around the 7:33 mark. I don't believe there are any other scenes of him cooking anything else for the rest of Digimon: The Movie.

Here's an album of relevant screenshots from the movie.


Let's count? I am including pokemon such as Charmander, Chimchar, etc, which joined Ash of their own will without a battle as "CAUGHT".
List of Ash's Pokemon:
Kanto and Orange Islands

Pikachu - Given. Not caught.
Caterpie - Caught. Released as a Butterfree.
Pidgeotto - Caught. Left in the wild as a Pidgeot
Bulbasaur - Caught.
Charmander - Caught. Joined Ash of his own will. Left to train. Rejoined and with Oak now.
Squirtle - Caught. Released back to the Squirtle Squad.
Krabby- Caught. With Prof. Oak as a Kingler
Raticate - Traded for Butterfree. Got back
Haunter - Joined Ash for fun. Left for Sabrina.
Primeape - Caught. Left for Fighting trainer.
Muk - Caught in the power plant.
Tauros - Caught in Safari Zone.
Lapras - Caught. Released with family.
Snorlax - Caught on Orange Island.

Johto

Heracross - Caught.
Chikorita - Caught. With Oak as a Bayleef
Cyndaquil - Caught. With Oak as a Quilava
Totodile - Caught
Shiny Noctowl - Caught
Beedrill - Caught in Bug Catching Contest. Released to Casey.
Phanpy - Hatched.. With Oak as a Donphan
Larvitar - Hatched. Released

Hoenn and Battle Frontier

Tailow - Caught. With Oak as a Swellow
Treecko - Caught. With Oak as Sceptile
Corphish - Caught
Torkoal - Caught
Snorunt - Caught. With Oak as a Glalie
Aipom - Caught. Traded to Dawn

Sinnoh

Starly - Caught. With Oak as a Staraptor
Turtwig - Caught. With Oak as a Torterra
Chimchar - Caught. With Oak as an Infernape. Left Paul to join Ash, like Charmander
Buizel - Traded. From Dawn
Gligar - Caught. With Oak as a Gliscor
Gible - Caught

Unova

Pidove - Caught. With Oak as a Unfezant
Sewaddle - Caught. With Oak as a Leavanny
Roggenrola - Caught. With Oak as a Boldore
Palpitoad - Caught. With Oak
Scraggy- Hatched. With Oak
Oshawott - Given by Juniper. With Oak
Tepig - Another fire starter left by a trainer. Caught. With Oak as a Pignite.
Snivy - Caught! With Oak
Krokorok - Caught. With Oak as a Krookodile

Kalos

Froakie - Caught. Released. With Squishy and Z2
Fletchling - Caught. With Oak as a Talonflame
Goomy - Caught. Left in the Wetlands
Noibat - Hatched. With Oak as a Noivern
Hawlucha - Caught. With Oak

Alola

Rowlet - Caught! Ash has caught his first pokemon in Alola.
Rockruff - Caught! In Alola as Lycanroc
Litten - Caught! in Alola as Incineroar.
Poipole - Caught! In ultra space. Came back as Naganadel for Pokémon league
Meltan. Caught! In Alola as Melmetal.

Galar

Dragonite - Caught! With Ash in various regions.
Gengar - Caught! With Ash in various regions
Riolu - Hatched! Given to Ash by Nurse Joy.
Farfetch’d - Caught! With Ash in various regions:

Tl;Dr Ash has got 57 unique pokemon species. He got 2 (Pikachu, Oshawott), Traded for 2 (Raticate, Buizel), hatched 5 (Larvitar, Phanpy, Scraggy, Noibat, and Riolu). Also, Haunter just traveled with him so not counted as catching.
Thus Ash has CAUGHT [57-(2+2+5+1) = ]47 unique species.
Edit: As requested by OP removed a quote referencing the number of pokemon dexed by Ash. Dexed pokemon are a larger set of pokemon, which include hatched, evolved, and owned in any other way (Gift/Trade, etc.).
Also, couldn't resist.


Did Yagami Light take a risk while handing over the Death Note to Rem?

People are predictable. Especially if you know one's personality in advance, you can almost accurately predict what one might do with great power, such as the Death Note.

Light is far from stupid, he knew exactly what would happen. He knew he'd use the Death Note to achieve a higher status, and that his and L's team would come and investigate. All a part of clearing their own name.

Basically, Light knew exactly what he was doing. Very little was left to chance in his plan.


The official site (Japanese) describes it as

Harvest Show
It is a live performance for the grains to appeal for their deliciousness to the surroundings.

which is basically the same as what MAL and ANN describes

[...] to perform at the "Harvest Show" to show the delicious appeal of rice grains.

How or what do they do, don't ask me... but in addition to its comedy genre, the show is full of parodies.

Sasashiniki stopping a bullet train from hitting a dog in episode 5 is actually a parody of Kinnikuman about Terryman stopping a bullet train... from hitting a puppy. Wikia stated,

In the 21st Olympics, he (Terryman) made it to the third preliminary round, shoving bullet trains, but was disqualified for stopping his train from hitting a puppy (touching the train twice resulted in a disqualification)

Image source

Reference: ほかこ's Hatena Blog (Japanese)

The cross-dressing idol unit in episode 3 is certainly a parody of many idol units (as seen in the naming proposal): iM@S (maiM@S), PriPara's SoLaMi♡SMILE (KoMeMi☆SMILE), Aikatsu! (MaiKatsu), Love Live! (Love Rice), etc.


Why is it hard to draw people running in animes?

The walk cycle is considered to be one of the most basic aspects of animation.

American animators and animation enthusiasts often times scorn the Japanese styles and methods of animation as lazy, while Japanese anime enthusiasts deride the American style as clunky or too comical.

Why is that you ask? The answer lies in how these countries distribute their budget and time.

While American animation often times may seem lacking in it's attention to detail, it makes up for it the quality of their animation. American animation often times meticulous and original in how they animate motion, though sometimes content is reused cyclically, the animation is painstakingly frame by frame.

In contrast, Japanese anime uses a lot of shortcuts (to save budget and meet deadlines). Typically long scenes feature only the mouth of a character (and maybe other minor features like a waving hair or glittering eyes) moving during delivery of key information/dialog, or the short burst of motion of some character in some an action pose against an animated, cyclic, and stylized background (I'm looking at you transformation scenes). Often times these uses of dramatic still-shots are done against patterned (or static illustrated) backgrounds, sometimes a few moving emotive icons (sweat drops, question marks, small chibi animated heads) will accompany a some sort of monologue. Admittedly both styles of animation reuse shots and sequences, but it's more noticeable in Japanese anime for various reason (e.g., not enough budget and/or manpower). This is why Japanese anime is typically labeled as "lazy" by American animators and enthusiasts.

A typical walk cycle in animation consists of 8 keyframes typically:

The smoothness of an animation is typically determined by the framerate and amount of key frames in the animation.

In American animation, the animation is captured by shooting two frames of film per drawing at a rate of 24 frames per second (fps) to achieve the smooth motion of American animation.

Japanese anime, while it also runs at an average 24 fps, typically captures their animation at a rate of three or four frames per drawing in order to save money and manpower. Though it varies depending on the studio and tools used (e.g 3DCG) with main objects in the foreground (typically characters) are animated at 8 to 12 fps, while background objects can be animated at as low as 6 to 8 fps.

Lets compare the difference between one walk cycle that is 8 frame to one that is 16 frames, both at 60 fps:

 <-- 8 frames      <-- 16 frames

Notice the 16 frame one is smoother, but slower while the 8 frame is faster, but choppier. This is because it takes the 16 frame animation twice as long, covering more frames, to go through one cycle than the 8 frame one.

The varying of frame rates can also be be used to depict the expansion and compression of time (think bullet time from The Matrix). However generally choppy animation is the result of not enough keyframes in your animation. More frames mean more and manpower and/or time, which ultimately means more money is required. Japanese anime production don't typically have as big of a budget compared to American productions (but there are exceptions), so they must make do with what they have and cut corners where they can (like Shaft did with the certain Bakemonogatari TV episodes).


What is the price does Shinsuke pay for the assistance of the flower god?

When Shinsuke goes off to find Yazen, Hanatora (the "flower goddess") claims she has a reservation for his soul, so we can pretty much assume that's what she got out of that deal. I don't think the manga ever tells us exactly how those godly characters take souls, or what they do with the souls they collect, but we know that Hanatora also had a claim on Ashikaga Yoshiteru's soul. In Yoshiteru's case, she only collected her "payment" at the time of his death (and later "forged" the Shogun's soul into the soul-sword she gave Senya). Considering Hanatora is pictured nearby Shinsuke's tombstone, as you mentioned, I'd say it's implied that "taking his soul after he died" was the price she asked of Shinsuke as well.


How was it possible for Sailor Moon to be referenced in Codename: Sailor V?

Codename: Sailor V first appeared as a one-shot on August 3, 1991.
The actual manga was then written pretty much simultaneously with the Sailor Moon manga, which started only a few months later (December 28, 1991) and which was updated much more frequently.
It even ended later (July 3, 1997) than the Sailor Moon manga (February 3, 1997).
That allowed for the cameos between the series.
Sources:
Codename: Sailor V Wikipedia
Sailor Moon Wikipedia
Sailor Moon Wiki


From the Full Metal Alchemist Wiki:

  Knowing this, the Crystal Alchemist attacks Envy using his hidden transmutation circle to critically damage the Homunculus' core stone.

Knowing this, he likely has not seen the truth. And as such, would not have been a sacrifice, right away.

However, it's not unreasonable to think that the homunculi may have forced him to see the truth once they were ready, (similar to Mustang.)


Manga that involves a boy with cursed mechanical dragon wings whenever he is in danger

This is definitely Stealth Symphony

Boy with cursed mechanical dragon wings: check, the protagonist
joining a mercenary group with a talking alligator boss: check
Vampire Girl: check
Robot dude with robot dogs: Check, no link found :(
Stopping a slave-trafficking caravan: Check, that's about chapter 6 - 9

Synopsis from MAL (taken from MangaHelpers):

  In a world where elves, dwarves, and invisible dragons live in harmony
  inside a metropolitan city, Jig sets out to find someone or something
  that can unleash the curse that he carries on his back. As he attempts
  to survive in the city of Jinbocho, a city filled with fantastic
  secrets and organizations, he encounters many powerful individuals who
  set out to either destroy him or save him. Will Jig be able to
  discover the true secret of his curse, or will it lead him to his own
  demise?


What's the fourth application of Calcium Carbonate according to Senku ishigame?

The fourth application of Calcium Carbonate is explained later in the manga/anime and it's a bit of a spoiler.
But it's used in :

   The making of Gunpowder. It's explained in Chapter 7 The gunpowder adventure and the third episode of the anime Weapon of science.


What is so "un-tanuki-like" about the name Kaisei?

Common given names in Japan have a certain format since probably the Showa period.

Old fashioned male names go something like "something-number-郎". Kinkaku and Kinkaku's actual names are 呉二郎 and 呉三郎 (Kunijirou and Kunisaburo).

Female names usually go something like "something-子" or "something-美".

Kaisei breaks from this traditional name sense, which is why her name is un-tanuki-like.


Is there any serious romance in No Game No Life?

No, No game no life is not 'romantic' in the way plastic memories and your lie in April where, the emotional touching way.

No game no life focuses a lot more on a 'comedic aspect' of romanticism, and over the top brother sister love. And all though this is a red line throughout the series, the games they play have the bigger focus in the 'serious' parts of the series.


Do Death Note users with Shinigami Eyes see in a red tint?

It looks like they do see in a different colour. The first time Misa meets Light we can see her look at him differently, but from the manga it is hard to deduce what the actual colour is. From chapter 28 it does seem that users with Shinigami Eyes do see in a different colour as shown in the pictures below. Another moment when this happens is when Chief Yagami looks at Mello through the Shinigami Eyes. At that time, he also sees him in a different colour, so it is safe to say that people with the Shinigami Eyes look at the world differently than we do, but the actual colour could be any colour, since the manga is just black and white.

In chapter 28, we can see this colour page and it would make it seem that users with the Shinigami Eyes, see the world not in red, but in reverse. Although it is not completely sure who made this colour page. It might just be fan-art.


Why Gowasu didn't foresee that Zamasu will turn rogue?

NOTE: My answer is now complete. Thank you for your patience while I edit.
To answer your question, there are a lot of context clues given through the dialogue in each episode. I will point these out then list my answer below.
What we know
Firstly
When Beerus found out that Bulma built a time machine, he mentioned that time travel or tampering with the future is highly forbidden even for gods, and that he should destroy her right now for committing such a great offense.
This proves that gods have knowledge of time travel and have rules in-place for protecting continuity of the timeline. Also, he never scolds Whis for using time manipulation twice (once against Freeza and once to save Gowasu in the present), also proving that angels do not follow the same protocol as gods and humans.
Secondly
Gowasu takes Zamasu to a distant planet to observe a human-like species in development. He scolds him for killing a human once they went a few thousand years into the future because Zamasu committed an action that could have changed how that entire species would develop.
This proves that gods are forbidden to travel unless certain circumstances arise, but are also expressly forbidden from interacting with things in the future or past.
Lastly
Zamasu and Black both state in the battle with Trunks (the specific battle was the one where he transformed into a hybrid of SSB and SS2) that it is because of Trunks's actions during the Cell/Android saga of jumping back and forth through time that really helped them come to the conclusion that humans need to be destroyed.
My Answer
With those 3 key pieces of evidence, it is very apparent that gods can time travel and they can do so at will, but they MUST exercise a great deal of discretion and restraint when doing so and should only do it under certain circumstances.
Gowasu could have looked into the future to predict his death, betrayal and all of that, but if he did he would have arbitrarily taken actions to protect himself and changed the timeline which was forbidden. Now maybe he knew that and maybe he didn't.
However, Gowasu has stated that the role of a Kai (God) is to observe. So I highly doubt he would ever look into the future. His whole reason for even using the time ring the one time that he did was to prove a point to his student.
So in short, yes, Gowasu could have gone ahead and prevented Black's existence. But if he did, it would do 3 things:

Contradict his character
Ruin Black's existence
Make the current story arc (which I find very entertaining) disappear entirely.


One does not need to use Henge no Jutsu in order to graduate the ninja academy. Promotion throughout the entire series is never dependent upon a certain technique, but rather the capabilities of that shinobi determined by the Hokage and village elders.

Take a look at the Chuunin selection exam. Shikamaru received the only promotion yet there was no way he could have won the entire tournament.

While Lee could never use ninjutsu nor genjutsu, he was able to have very good technique with taijutsu and that allowed him to graduate. Lee just uses his chakra in a different way, but that doesn't make him any less of a ninja.

Same with Shino for that matter. Shino lets his bugs eat his chakra and then he can command them. So instead of making a kage bunshin, Shino uses a lot of bugs to form a clone.

Because every shinobi specializes in different areas, there is no set requirements in order to be promoted. The decision comes from the Hokage and the elders for Chuunin and above. For the academy, the instructor decides when the child is ready to be a Genin.


Is the amount of Christianity portrayed in anime representative of Japan?

No, not at all. As looper mentioned, the amount of Christianity in Japan is around 1% which is a really small percentage.

Evangelion assistant director mentioned that they originally used Christian symbolism only to give the project a unique edge against other giant robot shows, and that it had no particular meaning:

  "There are a lot of giant robot shows in Japan, and we did want our
  story to have a religious theme to help distinguish us. Because
  Christianity is an uncommon religion in Japan we thought it would be
  mysterious. None of the staff who worked on Eva are Christians. There
  is no actual Christian meaning to the show, we just thought the visual
  symbols of Christianity look cool. If we had known the show would get
  distributed in the US and Europe we might have rethought that choice." source

This is the case in a lot of other anime series which have religious symbols: they are placed there to give the show a distinct look and feel, or to add a thin coat of mysticism.

Note the "we just thought the visual symbols of Christianity look cool" part of the above quote. I think (I may be wrong though, this is my personal opinion) that most of religious symbols in anime are there for that reason.


He's got a "walkie-talkie" in his brain. I'm not sure, but I suspect his brain is fully cyberized as part of his job's requirements. You would certainly not want to be that one idiot shouting tactical information out loud while the rest are communicating almost instantly via a secured wireless connection.

In the GITS:SAC series when he's in court, his teammates find out they can't communicate with Togusa because he turned off that module, which means he already had it at that time. SAC happens later than Arise on the GITS timeline, so he probably got it installed somewhere at the start of his career as a cop.


What skills introduced prior to the formal introduction of Haki are Busoshoku Haki based?

I will first use your examples to explain Rokushiki and Haki and then give a comparative conclusion using the wiki.

Rokushiki

Rokushiki was mainly explained in chapter 348 and was explained to be pure body strength with every technique. Rob Lucci confirms this after the CP9 had defeated the Strawhats for the first time.

Tekkai

  Our bodies are trained to the point of mimicking an iron shell.

Soru

  It only seems as though I've disappeared. With the explosive power of my legs...

Geppo (See also this question

  (Also with the explosive power of my legs) I can kick the air and float...

Rankyaku

  Nami: They cut the wall with their kicks!?
  Kalifa: If you have the speed to create a kamakaze, then it's possible...

Overall

  We've trained our bodies to great extremes since we were young.

Strawhat crew's attacks

Sanji's sky and blue walk are basically like Geppo. The more power you gain in your legs, the faster you can move. So if you master this technique anyone could do it, as we have seen Sanji do in Nami's body. This could be argued to only have been possible by Sanji somehow imbuing Haki into Nami's legs as she would not have been as powerful to use blue walk. That's why I mentioned that technique is needed also. After being a thief and being on the run for most of her teen years, Nami has the physical potential of using blue and maybe even sky walk, she just didn't learn the technique needed to do so.
Zoro's ranged attacks are basically like Rankyaku. The more speed you can put in your slashes, the bigger the slash gets. Haki can be imbued to make the slash stronger as Law did against Vergo or when Mihawk slashed at Whitebeard (the fact whether Haki was imbued here, is debatable though). Haki can be imbued, but it isn't needed to create ranged slashes as explained with Rankyaku. Mere arm power or slash techniques would be enough.
Zoro cutting steel aka Mr.1
As explained in the following question, Zoro did not use haki in Alabasta

Haki

Haki on the other hand is a pure mental power and it might not even be possible to get it out even with enormous training.

Overall

  Haki is a power that lies dormant in all the world's creatures, but a majority of humans go without noticing this power or perhaps finish their lives failing to ever pull it out, even if they try...

Kenbunshoku Haki

  The ability to sense the opponent's presence even more strongly is haki with the color of observation.

Busoshoku Haki

  This power can also be imbued into weapons (and can thus not be a mere physical trait as you can't train weapons)

Haoshoku Haki

  This color of the conquerer however, cannot be trained and strengthened, even if you are able to control it.

Difference

Therefore to conclude, Rokushiki is not Haki. The result might be similar, but they are fundamentally different. Rokushiki is based on pure physical power, while Haki is based on will power. You could therefore technically have both Rokushiki Tekkai enhancement and Busoshuoku Haki at the same time, although this has not been shown in the series thus far. This is also why Rokushiki can be easily taught by becoming physically stronger, while Haki must be developed by becoming mentally stronger, which isn't as easy to do. Rokushiki will therefore not make the user able to negate Devil Fruit powers and hit Logia users for example.

  Tekkai is similar to Busoshoku Haki, as both reinforce the users body in some way, the difference being that Haki is based on the user's willpower and Tekkai is based on the user's physical power. Also, Tekkai is more inclined to defense and the user exhibits no movement while it is active. In comparison, Busoshoku Haki is capable of both offense and defense.

Source on Tekkai

Other information

If you want to read more about Haki, see the question about the abilities that are transferred when hearts are interchanged between bodies
If you want to read more about Geppo, see the question about how CP9 members and Sanji can run in the air

Usage

Background

  It was used by Garp for the first time against Luffy to bypass his Devil Fruit power and hurt him in Water 7. Later, Sentomaru used a Haki-imbued attack against Luffy, which made the Straw Hats think he was a Devil Fruit user due to their lack of knowledge about the ability. Afterwards, Rayleigh used Haki to stop Kizaru and even touch his Logia body. The first time the Kujas named this ability "Haki", they were shown wielding Haki-imbued arrows. During the Marineford War, Haki was also used many times by marines and pirates alike. It was shown that Haki is very common in the New World, unlike in Paradise where Haki users are fairly rare and almost nobody knows about it. It is later explained by Rayleigh once he begins training Luffy.

Examples

  It can be used to augment the user's own attacks, projected ahead of the user as pure brute force, or imbued in weapons to increase their effectiveness. Any attack enhanced by Busoshoku Haki hits immensely harder than it would normally be without it. The Kuja's Haki-imbued arrows, for example, are capable of penetrating solid stone.
  This type of Haki also has the ability to bypass the powers of a Devil Fruit user, touching the "substantial body" beneath whatever protection the fruit provides, such as the case of body-altering Devil Fruits such as Logia or Paramecia users. However, unlike Kairoseki, it does not negate a user's Devil Fruit powers, allowing them to defend themselves, and continue fighting normally. By the same effect, this Haki can also be used as a higher level of offensive, more so than just bypassing a foe's Devil Fruit powers.
  A heavy concentration (or coating) of this Haki can be used to harden parts of one's body, turning the area black, thus making the user denser and more formidable, and giving their attacks greater power. Although Luffy, the first in the mainstream storyline to demonstrate this effect, named the technique as Busoshoku: Koka (武装色 硬化 Busō-shoku: Kōka?, Color of Armaments: Hardening), no other users except Donquixote Doflamingo, such as Vergo and Smoker referred to this method by such a name.
  Busoshoku Haki works independently of the user's Devil Fruit, as shown when Luffy uses it to enhance his Gear Third attack underwater. This type of Haki may not be equipped to attacks that are not from one's body except for weapons, or anything generated from one's own body (like Kizaru's laser beams, Marco's flames or any other energy/non-solid attacks based on Devil Fruits). So, those who attack with parts of their body can combine their Haki and Devil Fruit powers.

Source on Busoshoku Haki


Why didn't Kazuya use his freezing ability against Chiffon?

First of all, Kazuya doesn't know how to control his powers. This can be seen every time he uses them. It is always in the last second and only if somebody is in danger, especially Bridgette.

In this fight, he is unable to use it, because he does not want to hurt Chiffon. Also he sees that Rana and Bridgette have no chance of winning any way. Rana's arms were ripped off in a second and after she transformed and beat up Chiffon, Chiffon just stands up as if nothing happened.

   Also, Kazuya's powers are needed a bit later and he tends to overexert himself. So it would be impossible to solve the problems which arise later.


Why do witches get special treatment in Majo no Tabitabi?

My theory is that those brooches can only be created by witches. Thus anyone with a brooch is a certified witch with another witch backing. Witches are not rare from what I have seen, but because witches are better at magic than the average person I reckon they are generally held in high regard.
About the buying of brooches from witches (considering that only they can create them). I suppose some witches who are evil (they're still humans) would sell a brooch, but I have not seen any evidence of witches who would do that.


Unanswered in the manga as of now, but it is entirely possible that there are 14 Noah and the Earl only mentions 13 (including himself) because the 14th apparently dislikes the Earl, as he wants to dethrone him and take his place. Chapter 218 hints that a "Mana D. Campbell" may be responsible for the existence of the 14th, although i can´t really call the Earl in his current state of mind a reliable source.


What is the name of the sound track played in Episode 296 of One Piece at 21:48?

Listen here: OnePieceTrackList

I believe the track to be "And Zoro is with Them..." track #12 of the album "The Cursed Holy Sword".


There's any clue on why Battle Programmer Shirase ended so abruptly?

If you look at the archived episode guide link for the series, you'll notice that it mentions "part one", implying the series was originally planned for at least another part.

No specific reasons were publically give for the cancellation. Internet rumors speculated that either something happened in production, where someone upset the wrong person high up, or something like that. An alternate theory suggests it might be due to the content, particularly with matters involving Misao's age and the recurring lewd hijinks surrounding the main character (who is about 28)and here. None of these rumors have been substantiated in any way.

It's important to note that the series aired late at night so it's not something an younger audience might accidentally catch by chance. The multiple segmented short anime broadcast format was experimental at the time and did not do so well and has since been discontinued.

It's important to note that the director's message thanking viewers and mentioning the fansub community were removed from the end of the final compiled episode, which fueled speculation of possible personal disagreement within the production committee.

While there are no longer any archived detail some netizens in Japan, mentioned that the second part was supposed to switch to a regular full episode format like in an OVA format. But none of that materialized. What happened will have to remain unknown.

Interesting but not completely related tid bit. The screenplay and character design for the series shares similarities with a incomplete (R18?) doujin game, Tomurai.

You'll see in the TV series credits the variation of the name I assume to be "JR Sakurajima".

It seems it was reworked to fit the anime.

You can still find bits and pieces here and there thru the archives. It give some slight background not covered on the series itself, like Kei Shirase's blog and America King's website. They are just fun Easter eggs.


Why did Suzaku laugh at the end of episode 17 of Code Geass R2?

Basically he's losing his s**t.

He was trying to stop terrorism and ended up committing mass genocide for reasons outside of his own control. Imagine if you were trying to save a burning building full of people, but instead caused the fire to spread to other buildings and kill more. Add to that: Suzaku has spent all of his life trying to "better things from within". He has fought and fought to make the world better but no matter what he does things only seem to get worse.

For much of the series, it's noted that the difference between Lelouch and Suzaku is that Lelouch believes results are more important than means, and Suzaku believes the reverse. This very incident shocks him to the core in part because it so strongly mocks his worldview. If you recall that Britannia wanted him to use the FLEIJA "if necessary", it becomes clear that Suzaku did everything "the right way" and wound up becoming a mass murderer. In other words, the proper means led to the deaths of thousands.

TL;DR He killed a lot of people, and as a result perhaps saw how ridiculous his own worldview was. The laugh is him snapping.


Does Itachi loved Izumi in a girlfriend kind of level/way?

Hard to say. Depends on how you define 'girlfriend-kind' of love.

If the love you're talking about is the kind of love wherein he would choose her over the world, then no. If it's the kind of love where it meant choosing the former between preventing another war, even if it means having to kill her; or being with her no matter what, then yes.

In Itachi Shinden: Book of Dark Night, the following can be read:

  I decided that Izumi would be first …
  By killing her himself, he wiped away the last of his hesitation—the hesitation borne of unfinished business with the clan, of bonds of emotion.

Itachi was hesitant. The way I interpret it, Itachi does indeed consider Izumi as a part of his life since he thought of Izumi as a hurdle to overcome. He placed her in a Tsukuyomi where she lived to an old age together with Itachi, having and raising a family together before she died, both in dream and real life. If he had no feelings for her, he'd easily kill her but he went to such lengths to give her a peaceful and painful death, with consideration of her own feelings towards him.

With this, I think it can be said that Itachi, at least, considers her as someone important to his life. Whether he truly loved her or not in a romantic kind of way would probably depend on how you define love.

They were not girlfriend and boyfriend but they were, however, seen by their peers as a couple.


How can one tell if Nappa has become a Super Saiyan?

It's not only by hair.

As you can see, the eyebrows and eye color changes as well. So you'll be able to tell.


Inconsistency with regard to an event in the Resurrection of Freiza Arc and the Future Trunks arc

Maybe it was to show how out of touch Gohan had become with Martial Arts and fighting, that he had to power up to the point of self destruction for Goku to detect him.

It also helps because of the fact that he knew where he had to look for the ki.

Like you, I think it is lazy writing. Like Krillin going up against SSB, however much Goku was holding back, that was just pure bs.


This is a bit hard to measure, but shounen is clearly the top demographic group. Popularity is usually measured by magazine circulation. The difficulty in this is that there is a lot of overlap of readers, and also that different demographic groups read widely different amounts of manga. For instance, a young reader in the target audience of shounen magazines is likely to subscribe to only one or two magazines, while older readers might subscribe to many. Thus, total circulation numbers for the older demographic groups tend to be higher relative to the number of readers.

Here are some statistics from 2010 for the circulation numbers of various Japanese magazines from the Japanese Manga Publishers Association. By demographic, the results are the following:

╔═════════════════╦══════════════╦═════════════╗
║   Demographic   ║ Top Magazine ║ Total       ║
║                 ║ Circulation  ║ Circulation ║
╠═════════════════╬══════════════╬═════════════╣
║ shounen (boys)  ║    2,876,459 ║   8,344,534 ║
║ seinen  (men)   ║      807,871 ║   7,624,811 ║
║ shoujo  (girls) ║      745,455 ║   2,803,230 ║
║ josei   (women) ║      162,917 ║   2,364,666 ║
╚═════════════════╩══════════════╩═════════════╝

It's pretty clear based on this that shounen is the most popular, followed by seinen. Shoujo is less popular than seinen, but the numbers are similar for the top magazines, suggesting that the fanbases are somewhat similar in size. Josei is less popular than the others. However, in terms of total sales, seinen is almost the same level as shounen, and josei is almost the same level as shoujo, suggesting about equal market shares.

Admittedly, the demographic listed for the magazines is not perfect. However, I think the above is a pretty fair representation of roughly what the sizes are of each of the four main demographic groups. Also, this data is from 2010, so the current data could have changed a bit, but not enough to change the conclusions. I used 2010 data because it was easily available in English and formatted in a way that made calculating totals easy, but more recent data is available through JMPA's website if you follow the link above.


What were the first anime and manga based on real idols?

As far as I know, 『アイドルコミックス・実録まんが岡田有希子』 Idol Comics: Documentary Manga Yukiko Okada (published by Gakken in 1984) featuring the story of Yukiko Okada's early life until her debut could be the first of its kind.

Update: Idol Comics was a series of manga based on the real lives of not only idols, but also famous baseball players and pro wrestlers ("idol" in a wider sense). As far as I can find on Amazon.co.jp, it appears that the first volumes came out in January, 1983. One of the volumes featured 堀ちえみ Chiemi Hori (idol born in 1967, debut 1982), so that would make this the earliest one I can find.  The other three volumes that came out in the same month featured Tatsunori Hara (baseball player), Daisuke Araki (baseball player), and Tiger Mask (pro wrestler).

As for the anime, 『ピンク・レディー物語 栄光の天使たち』Pink Lady Monogatari: Eiko no Tenshitachi (TV anime aired from 1978 to 1979) featuring Pink Lady would most likely be the first. There seems to be some made-up episodes inserted (like intensive training to dance with their limbs bound), but most of what was depicted was based on real-life stories.


By using Full Cowl, Mydoria effectively uses All For One power on whole his body, rather than focusing on specific part.

This is most probably why this skill was called "Full Cowl". But it is not clear if author explicitly decided to use word "cowl", or rather didn't knew difference between it and some other english words with similar meaning (e.g. "coverage").


As stated in the wikia, L's age is 24-25 years old.

Also, in Death Note 13: How to Read, it is stated that L was born on October 31, 1979 and died on November 5, 2004. From this we can calculate that L was 25 years old at the time of his death.


What's this anime with a boy and girl meeting and becoming siblings?

It's Marmalade Boy. Originally a manga, had an anime adaptation later.

From the Wikipedia page I linked above:

  Miki Koishikawa's ordinary life as a high school sophomore is turned upside down when her parents suddenly announce that they are getting divorced in order to swap partners with a couple they met in Hawaii. They seek her approval of the shocking change, and at a dinner where Miki meets the other couple as well as their son Yuu, who is about her age, she reluctantly agrees to the arrangement. Yuu, while at first a jerk who takes every opportunity to make fun of Miki, turns out to be fun and attractive, and Miki finds herself falling for him.


What is Meliodas' true power level at his highest peak?

Meliodas' ultimate power level has not been officially released by the author.

The last time Meliodas' power level was estimated, it reached a total of 142 000 (Volume 29). This was Assault Mode Meliodas, which is theoretically his original form and strength (as described by Merlin and other characters).

However, after his possession by the Demon King, Meliodas indeed increased his power by an unknown amount. Most notably, Meliodas' power is considered so huge that he was decided to to leave Britannia, in order to avoid destroying the country through his sheer presence, which warped the climate / weather by itself. Assault Mode Meliodas did not have such a natural effects on his surroundings.


Are the final events of DBZ considered canon?

In Dragon Ball Super , Dende makes a mention to Uub and he tells Goku it would be good he trains him. That's meant to connect Dragon Ball Super with the end of Dragon Ball Z. And as for Trunks and Goten appearance, in Dragon Ball, 4 years passes between Goku meeting Bulma and killing King Piccolo, and his appearance (which is almost identical to Goten by the way) doesnt change. So yes, the final events of Dragon Ball Z are canon.


Why is Franky's Strong Right a rollercoaster car?

According to Frankie article on One Piece Wiki that is actually meant to be a flame-shaped plate.

  Strong Right (ストロング右（ライト） Sutorongu Raito?): A new version of the original Strong Right, Franky launches his much bigger right fist at his opponent akin to a rocket, with a chain to retract it. The fist also has flame-shaped plates on the sides with "STRONG" written on them that seem to be purely for aesthetic design. His fist also seems to have an electrical charge. This was first seen used against the attackers on Punk Hazard.

This indeed make much more sense than a rollercoaster car and is more fitting with Franky robot style.


What do Karen and Tsukihi see Ononoki as?

If I recall, they won her at the Arcade, so they see her as a simple won prize doll.


Could a blind person with a death note exchange half their life to see again?

From the wording of the rules of deathnote and the way the "eyes of Shinigami" are explained in the anime this scenario seems plausible.

However, as I've said many times in such questions this is meaningless speculation since either scenario is plausible and the rules of DN leave room for speculation. So other than just saying this scenario is possible and saying that some of our better fanfic writers picking this up as a possible plot point Idk what else to add.

However, to add to the "suspicion" on a blind man scenario. There are many ways this would be a bad idea.

Suddenly a blind person is cured. Publicity, DN user is exposed. Someone else may have seen them together
It is not so easy to hide that you are not blind. Plenty of involuntary actions, such as dodging, moving hands etc give away the fact you're not blind. It would be much tougher for a blind person who has healed to hide these signs.

So on surface it may seem a good idea, but it has its own pitfalls, pros and cons just as another. Also the blind person will lose his sight the moment he gives up ownership of the DN. I would like to think that the KIRA will kill to get the Notebook back.


Why did Public Safety Section 9 have to be "sacrificed"?

In episode 24 it is heavily implied that Section 9 (not the members) is formed by the Prime Minister himself and Section 9 (i.e Aramaki) only reports to or takes order from either the Home Minister Affairs or directly from the Prime Minister himself. This is why Aramaki is immediately called in by the Home Affairs Minister to meet at the Prime Ministers residence in episode 24 when the leak happens to discuss the situation.

The other thing to realize is that, Section 9 got on to the suspicion regarding Yakushima involvement pretty late. Yakushima and his cabal were most definitely keeping tabs on Section 9 from very early on, seeing as to how quickly the Section 9 secret operation (carried out in episode 23) gets leaked to the media just before Section 9 tries to make a move on Yakushima.

So if you take these things into consideration it makes sense as to why Aramaki went to the Prime Minister and why Section 9 ended up being disbanded. It's basically because Section 9 were not able to verify Yakushima involvement in the case until almost the end. As a result, Section 9 didn't have enough time or window to keep tab on Yakushima himself. Therefore they were unable to prevent or predict the leak. Thereby also catching them by surprise. If they were able to verify Yakushima's involvement early on and kept tabs on him, there most likely would not have been the disbanding of Section 9. Or the at the very least the situation would have gone differently.


What is the origin of the bubble during sleep trope?

The origin is, perhaps surprisingly, real life! This does occur among children in Japan and in other countries as well.


Why All Might could handle the power of One for All at once and Midoriya couldnt?

Sadly there is no explanation that will satisfy you or the question. However I can give a small spoiler about it.

   In later chapters it's revealed that All Might once used support items to increase his power output like %10.

That's all we know.


The image is of Kusaribe Hakaze from the anime Zetsuen no Tempest, which aired October 2012 - March 2013. Here is the plot synopsis from Wikipedia:

  The story revolves around Mahiro Fuwa, a teenager whose sister was mysteriously murdered one year before, and his friend Yoshino Takigawa. Mahiro is contacted by Hakaze Kusaribe, the leader of the Kusaribe clan who was left stranded on an unknown deserted island by her followers, and agrees to help Hakaze in exchange for her help to find out the culprit for the death of his family. Upon learning of his friend's intentions, Yoshino joins him on his quest to stand against the Kusaribe clan who intends to awaken the "Tree of Exodus" whose power can bring ruin to the entire world.

The image occurs in episode 5.


Why didn't Madara start his own plan when he was still young?

Madara didn't know he was going to awaken the Rinnegan. He knew about the story with the Sage of Six Paths and the Juubi, he also probably knew about the existence of the Eternal Tsukuyomi. But without the Rinnegan, his plan couldn't have succeeded at all (because the Rinnegan is needed for the Gedo Mazo).

Since Madara didn't know he was going to awaken the Rinnegan, or what the requirements were, he couldn't have started his plan.

Sure, in retrospect, if he had known he would awaken the Rinnegan at a later point, starting to collect the Bijuu early might have been a clever move.

Note that even his current plan had flaws in it:

Obito never planned to resurrect Madara. It was Kabuto who made the fatal mistake of reanimating him (having been tempted by Black Zetsu with Madara's corpse), and thinking he could control him. Obito's plan was to complete the Infinite Tsukuyomi himself, and create a world in which Rin lives.


What chapter of the Seven Deadly Sins manga is Episode 20?

Since you said you are currently on episode 20 and cannot wait for the next episode, I'm assuming that you are on season 2, so:

The 20th episode of Season 2 corresponds to the chapters 176, 177, 178, 179 of the manga.

Source:Wiki


What opening music was played at the beginning of the anime Kaiketsu Zorro?

It looks like the OP of the Portuguese dub of Kaiketsu Zorro is the instrumental (i.e. no lyrics) version of the original Japanese OP.

The original Japanese OP was presumably made specifically for the series, seeing as it is titled "ZORRO" (cf. the ANN entry for Kaiketsu Zorro). The piece was sung by MASAAKI Endoh (probably better known for his involvement in JAM Project); composed and arranged by TOBISAWA Hiromoto, who also did the music for Kaiketsu Zorro; and featured lyrics by ARIMORI Satomi


Could the Elric brother's mother have been an alchemist?

Taking a look at the wikia page, the brothers "would always try to cheer her up with their alchemy. In fact, Alphonse once said that their mother's happiness was part of the reason that they continued their research in alchemy because it made her smile. However, they didn't realize that she smiled because it reminded her of Hohenheim and his own talents in alchemy."

So as lentinant said, no.


How did the "silver devaluation" scheme work?

Ok, let's look at the situation more carefully. You have your Trenni silver coins, which have some % of silver in them. The market value of such a currency is bound to the amount of the noble metal in each coin. It's very simple and intuitive: silver is rare and valuable, so the more silver there is in a coin, the more is the value of that coin.

Now, we have a situation where the amount of silver in the coins is going to be decreased. What is going to happen? Well, the new Trenni coins (with less silver) will become less expensive than the old Trenni coins. That means, that it is profitable to save all the old coins you have.

By spreading the rumors that the amount of silver is going to increase, the Medio company is accomplishing two things at once. First, it makes people think that it's profitable to sell their coins now (because they think that after the new coins arrive, the value of the old ones will decrease). Second, it creates a possibility to make people selling their coins for even a lower price than they are now, simply because they want to get rid of the coins ASAP, before the price drops.

Also, if they already have some new coins, they can even trade them for a larger amount (say, 2 old ones for 1 new, people think the new ones are more valuable, remember) of old ones.

This lets the Medio company stock plenty of old silver coins, which as we know, in reality, will be worth more when the new ones are released. That's how they want to make the profit.

The Milone company, after getting the information from Lawrence, starts doing the same thing: buying Trenni coins to get a large stock of them before the new coins are released. After the new coins will be in play, people will, of course, know that they are really less valuable, and the value of Milone company's stock of old coins will increase further.

I hope the explanation wasn't too messy ;)


What is the cause of Gangsta.'s drop in animation quality?

As said @ton.yeung said and as stated in this article, the studio producing Gangsta, Manglobe Studio, went bankrupt :

  According to animeanime.biz , Manglobe Studio began procedures for bankruptcy on Sept. 29th after months of insolvency. The news of Manglobe Studio’s bankruptcy proceedings wasn’t common knowledge.

Therefore the quality dropped.

For the same reason (obviously), you should not expect a second season or another content related to Gansta, but there can still be a chance that another studio produces it if the Intellectual Proprety of Gangsta get sold.


Why does the Teiko basketball club have over 100 members?

The second/third string in Teiko play matches against weaker schools. In one of the OVAs (Tip Off) Kise (when he first joined) and Kuroko help the second string in an exibition match.

Also, first years and even second years would not usually make first string right away in a bigger school, but they still need training so that they can possibly join later.

They could just have joined to play/practise basketball. Remember that it's a club not just a team. I doubt that anyone would even attempt to join if they had to make first string. It's pretty clear playing in matches is a privilge for most people, not an expected outcome.


is Tina Sprout an initiator and a mechanical soldier?

Yes, Tina Sprout is both a Cursed Child (Initiator) and a mechanical soldier.

Initiator inquiry into Tina Sprout’s name. Her IP rank is 98. She’s an owl Initiator and one of the enhanced NEXT soldiers. I saw her specs, and her numbers are terrifying. Enju will be killed!”
Kanzaki, Shiden. Black Bullet, Vol. 2: Against a Perfect Sniper (p. 125). Yen Press. Kindle Edition.

Why? It makes her the perfect sniper and assassin. Her mechanical implants allow her to make extraordinary shots that she would not be capable of even with her Initiator powers by providing her control over her body and mechanical systems like Shenfield (or automated guns for attacking) that can feed information directly to her brain

This was Tina Sprout, and just like Rentaro, she had a sniper rifle loaded and ready, ignoring said “Big Brother” as she kept a watchful eye down her scope. The Bits that formed part of her aiming system flitted at regular intervals between her and the target Gastrea. Those were the infantry of sorts for her Shenfield, a thought-driven interface that, like so many buoys strewn across the sea, transmitted wind speeds and other pertinent sniper information directly into her brain.
Kanzaki, Shiden. Black Bullet, Vol. 5 (light novel): Rentaro Satomi, Fugitive (Kindle Locations 257-260). Yen Press. Kindle Edition.

.

“The man in the video used an advanced version of that. With a neurochip implanted in his brain, he can control a number of devices with just his thoughts. Those Bits are like scouts. They have precise observation instruments installed, and they send information about the location of the target, including its coordinates, temperature, humidity, angle, and wind speed, wirelessly to the brain of the operator. That’s why that man could shoot through the targets blindfolded. Of course, the surgery the sniper underwent was not just for this. “I have heard that shaking hands are also a great enemy to snipers. It is likely that a metal balancer was implanted in the body to completely shut down any movement to the hand from heartbeats or breathing. Putting something like that in is a piece of cake for someone like me or Ain. Rentaro, do you understand what this means?”
Kanzaki, Shiden. Black Bullet, Vol. 2: Against a Perfect Sniper (pp. 145-146). Yen Press. Kindle Edition.

As for the reason for the NEXT project, it can be gleaned from this passage.

“Rentaro, let’s do a simple calculation that even you can understand. Let’s assume that my New Humanity Creation Project and Ain’s NEXT have the same amount of hidden power. If we subtract the abilities of a mechanized soldier from you and that assassin, what do we have left? The unsurpassable wall between a human and an Initiator. Can a human beat a gorilla? Think about it carefully. Rentaro, just stay on the sidelines this time. There’s no need for you to take any more risks than you already have.”
Kanzaki, Shiden. Black Bullet, Vol. 2: Against a Perfect Sniper (p. 147). Yen Press. Kindle Edition.

The strength of a Cursed Child far exceed that of a regular human and the ability of an enhanced (mechanized) Cursed Child is superior to anything else


Can't find the name of this anime for the life of me!

The anime you're looking for is Sakura Diaries.

  A Keio University (one of the top three colleges in Japan) exam candidate, Touma Inaba, is interupted when a cute young girl, Urara Kasuga, arrives at his hotel room door. She later turns out to be his cousin who he barely remembers from his childhood. Urara, who had felt something special for him (an other-than-cousinly-love), invites Touma to live with her since he has no place to stay other than the hotel room.


I don't believe he does.

During the final battle, Madara largely succeeded in his goal of extracting Kurama out of Naruto.  This meant that Naruto was going to die if something weren't done.

Enter Minato and Yin Kurama.  A transfer of Yin Kurama was made into Naruto from Minato so that he would survive having Yang Kurama extracted from him.

It isn't the case that Minato contains Kurama any longer.


Do the Sharingan dots decide their power/ family tree?

I believe what Madara means by "straight commas" is that Sasuke awakened the Eternal Mangekyo Sharingan just like he did. No one in the Naruto series has been shown to possess Eternal Mangekyo Sharingan(s) besides these two, so that must be what he meant.

As for the average Sharingan, 3 commas is the mastered form. However, Kakashi, Obito, Itachi, Sasuke and a handful of other Uchihas have been shown to have those 3 commas in their regular Sharingan. Also, all the Sharingan(s) embedded in Danzo's arm had three commas. So for Madara to say that Sasuke is the only one who awakened a Sharingan with straight commas like him, he couldn't be pertaining to the regular Sharingan, but the Eternal Mangekyo Sharingan.


What is this manga with Naruto, Luffy, Goku and Ichigo as characters?

He's Midoriya Izuku from new manga Boku no Hero Academia

The beginning of the story is kinda like Naruto but set in the modern day school with bunch of people with special powers, but this boy has no special power.


Meaning of telegraph code in the song "Planetes"

It really is Wabun Code. The telegraph sequence at the start of the song was widely known and had been discussed on Japanese website, all of them says 「集｛しゅう｝　愛｛あい｝してる」 (Shu-u, ai-shi-te-ru) is the encoded message. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
If you take a look at the Wikipedia page you cited, the small ゃ ya, ゅ yu, ょ yo in the digraphs are encoded the same as regular や　ya, ゆ yu, よ yo.
So we can comparing your attempt at decoding:
-•-• -••-- •--

and the supposed coding of the message (shi-yu-u):
--•-• -••-- ••-

Listening to the telegraph sequence again to cross-check, while I can agree with Japanese fans' transcription of the 3rd mora ••-, I could only hear 1 dash at the beginning for the first mora --•-•. And apparently, the author of answer [1] on Yahoo also encountered the same problem:

ネタバレになってしまいますが、
「しゅう あいしてる」
だそうです。桜満集のことですね。
ただ、最初の音(？)が微妙に「にゅ」と解読されるようですが、「にゅう あいしてる」だと意味が通じないので「しゅう あいしてる」で間違いないとおもいます。

Translation:

This is going to be a spoiler,
but it seems to be "Shuu, I love you".
"Shuu" here is referring to Ouma Shuu.
However, although the first sound somewhat decodes to "nyuu", "nyuu aishiteru" doesn't really make sense, so I think it is definitely "Shuu aishiteru".

There is this question on Yahoo Answer which says that apart from the Morse code at the beginning and at the end (which I myself also confirm, but I don't bother to decode it), the asker feels that there are also Morse code playing in the background through out the song (which I also feel there is something, but listening closely reveals nothing).


Why is anime version of Pikachu so much stronger than game version of Pikachu?

It was probably because in the anime, Ash & Pikachu are the protagonists of the story. So it is only natural to have Pikachu very strong to defeat the antagonists. In the game however, it's up to the player's strategy on how to make Pikachu stronger. Furthermore, in the game, the player can choose any other Pokemon to train to be stronger, other than Pikachu.


Does Rei's favourite drink exist in real life?

While the in-work name is fictional, it is based off of real products: jelly drinks. More or less, all jelly-type drinks are in a semi-hard bag with a mouth to drink from on the top. And most of these drinks usually serve some health-oriented purpose, quick energy boost, daily vitamin intake, etc. There are many jelly drinks, and one that is very popular (and most likely the model) is the Weider drinks.

Here's the website for Weider's jelly products.


OST on My Hero Academia season 2 episode 3 around 12:05-12:45

Kyōi To No Kōbō / Offense And Defense Of A Threat

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwtMpGBBq9I


How Yami Bakura could summon "The Winged Dragon of Ra" without be in "sphere mode" and neither pronouncing the chanting?

Its probably skipped for brevity.

In episode 97 of season 2, Bakura offers three monsters as a tribute to summon the Winged Dragon of Ra, just like any other monster he instantly appears. Sphere Mode, as well as the cinematic appearance of the summoning, was probably just skipped because after Joyful Doom's effect a Ra with 0 ATK is not a spectacular sight and would cost precious animation time they could use to explain what Pot of Greed does for the hundredths time (however I couldn't find the Japanese original to check if it's missing there too).

Shown on screen or not, Bakura and Marik's Soul both were capable of summoning the Winged Dragon because of their ancient Egypt heritage and Marik's knowledge of the card's text (both are additional requirements in the Yu-Gi-Oh Universe, although in GX! an Yu-Gi imposter manages to summon Ra despite that).

As far as I remember in later episodes the chanting and sphere mode were also skipped some times, probably to get more story into the limited time of an episode.

In-Universe the explanation could be similar, since Ra was summoned with no ATK, the Duel Disk Device could have seen Sphere Mode as not necessary although one can only guess or maybe it was enough that Marik (or his Soul) already successfully summoned Ra once and proved worthy to control him. Also the God Cards seem to be special in the way that they seem to have a will on their own, which is indicated in several episodes and maybe Ra didn't feel like it.

One should note that Winged Dragon of Ra wasn't an actual playable card at that time and had no official effects and writers often bended or completely changed the rules of the game or single cards to fit the narrative. Only much later the Winged Dragon of Ra got an official effect and an actual Sphere Mode as well as the dreaded Phoenix Mode. And even in the Manga cards have different effects than in the actual TCG although the God Card's effects were more defined in the original Manga.


How did Flamingo get the Mera Mera no mi?

Doflamingo was there for the death of Ace, as were all the warlords. The situation with Moria happened afterwards.

From what we've seen with Smiley and the axolotl fruit, it seems that when a Devil Fruit eater dies, it takes over another fruit, somewhere in the world, and with Smiley that fruit happened to be very nearby. So it is possible that Doflamingo had an apple in his pocket which became the Mera Mera no Mi after Ace's death.

But there are many possibilities, the current owner of the Mera Mera is Sabo, which he gained possession of by defeating Diamanté and the others. He was definitely nowhere near Ace, it is also easily possible that Doflamingo did the same as Sabo did and just took it from whomever found it.


The main cause is training, and mastering of the technique.

After the timeskip:

   After training with Rayleigh, Luffy is capable of using Gear Second with specific body parts, activating the technique without using the stance we see in Enies Lobby Arc. This way reducing the strain he imposes on his body, making him able to use it withouth the side-effects, it is even stated in the manga that he could use it on his entire body with only the hungry side-effect.

This only explains why he is able to use Gear Second so many times.
The real reason for using this technique so much is because of the formidable opponents he faces. He needs to be able to match or overcome them.

Sources: Manga, http://onepiece.wikia.com/wiki/Gomu_Gomu_no_Mi/Gear_Second_Techniques


Why don't Ikaros & Tomoki use more the Transport Cards to solve their problems?

Well, I think many can agree that SoraOto is a series which displays a comedy side and a serious side, and sometimes (many times actually) the comedic parts, like the first episode for example, serves, in the best case, for character development and, in the worst case, just for laughs. Most of the information thrown at us in the comedy parts aren't really used on the serious parts, especially when it comes to plot solving. I personally think it is just the author's decision NOT to do this.

Also, I think that at the end of episode one, Tomoki learned that he shouldn't use the cards for trivial stuff, especially after everything that happened in that first episode. Maybe that was actually the author stating why everything shouldn't be solved by a deus ex machina-like device.


When does Kud Wafter fit into the story?

In the paradox world, Kyousuke chooses the "best candidates" not by their cutness (but they  are ^_^) but their life before die.

If you would realize, every non-core member from little busters had a bad life.
In this case, Kud had the feeling to say goodbye to her mother (she didn't it when she was alive).

This spinoff is after the events of Refrain (carcrash + good end = jumper).


Which episode explains the meaning of the symbols on the palm of the hands?

The symbols can be found on an old man called Bunpuku's both palms. He was the former Jinchūriki of Sunagakure.

Watch Naruto Shippūden episode 392

  In his left palm, the kanji [受]{うける} (U-ke-ru) means accept and receive.
  In his right palm, the kanji [心]{こころ} (Ko-ko-ro) means heart and mind.

Together with two palms, it forms the kanji [愛]{いとしい} (I-to-shi) which means love and affection.


Why did EVA Unit 01 accept then refuse the Dummy Plug?

A lot of this will have to be speculation since most of these things are never explicitly explained, but we do have a couple of clues.

During the episode

  SHINJI: What is this? What did you do, Father?!

  HYUGA (OFF): Reception of the signal, confirmed.

  IBUKI (OFF): Control system switch is complete.

  MAN (OFF): All nerves linked directly to the dummy system.

  WOMAN (OFF):
  32.8% of Emotional Elements are unclear. They can't be monitored.

  IKARI: Irrelevant. Release the system. Commence attack.

2 things are probably important here. One is that Shinji is in the plug and the second is that there was some technobabble about some "emotional elements". We know Yui is within Eva-01 and her emotional attachment to her son is partly why the Eva+Pilot pairing ends up being so powerful. That's probably part of what's going on here, keeping in mind that during this dialog Eva-01 is actively in a wrestling match with Eva-03, an Angel, and in grave danger. It's entirely possible that Yui "let" this happen. There's some other possible actions, of course, like the Eva going berserk like it has in the past to save Shinji. Maybe this was just the path of least resistance.

However, during episode 19:

  WOMAN (OFF):
  Start entry.

  IBUKI (OFF):
  LCL electrolyzed.

  RITSUKO (OFF):
  Commence A10 nerve connection.

  REI (MONO):
  So it's not going to work anymore.

  WOMAN (OFF):
  Pulse flow is reversing!

  IBUKI (OFF):
  Unit 01 is rejecting the neural connections!

  RITSUKO:
  No, that can't be possible!

  FUYUTSUKI:
  Ikari?

  IKARI:
  Yes, it's rejecting me.
  Abort activation. Sortie Rei in Unit 00.
  Re-activate Unit 01 with the dummy plug.

and after they swap her out and insert the dummy plug:

  RITSUKO:
  Start contact.

  IBUKI:
  Roger!

  RITSUKO:
  What?

  IBUKI:
  The pulses have vanished. It's rejecting the dummy plug.
  It's no use! Eva Unit 01 won't activate!

  RITSUKO:
  The dummy, Rei...

  FUYUTSUKI:
  It won't accept them?

So we know Rei has synced with Eva-01 before, but for some reason the Eva itself is refusing Rei. Rei, being the dummy system's core, was also refused (as Ritsuko notes to herself). Gendo notes that the Eva is specifically rejecting him, which seems to be plausible since both Rei and the dummy system has successfully syned in the past but for some reason, this particular moment, Gendo and Yui's agenda diverge.

We can only speculate what those plans were, and what made them split at this particular point. Given the flashbacks and the retro episode, it's probably the case that their big plans involved the 3 of them: Gendo, Yui, Fuyutsuki, and it probably involved Shinji to some significant degree. But it seems to me that Yui wanted Shinji specifically, and that part of her plan was to set this in motion.

Later in Episode 19:

  SHINJI: Move! Move! Move! Move! Move! Move! Move! Move! Move! Move!
  Move! Come on, move! If you don't move now, if you don't do it now,
  everyone's going to die! I don't want any more of that! So... PLEASE
  MOvE!

  IBUKI: Eva has re-activated!

  MISATO: Incredible!

  IBUKI: No way, this is unbelievable. Unit 01's synch rate is over
  400%!

  RITSUKO: Does that mean she's really awakened?

Having Shinji as the pilot, who seemed to have been able to activate Eva-01 instantly without the aid of plugsuits or anything, they quickly make some short work out of the most powerful Angel to date, runs out of power, and Yui (possibly with the help of Shinji) turns the berserker thing up a notch and syncs with him at 400% and "awakens". Not entirely sure what it means to be in an awakened state, but I think it's probably safe to assume that it involved acquiring an S2 organ from Zeruel (by eating it) and that all this wasn't going to happen with either Rei or the dummy plug in the pilot's seat.

(Speculation) So Yui's gamble that Shinji would "do the right thing" and come back to pilot paid off as now Eva-01 has unlimited energy with an S2 organ. This step in their "big plans" seemed to have split between Yui and Gendo, although in episode 20, Gendo recognizes what has gone on and does't seem to disapprove:

Episode 20, watching the action

  FUYUTSUKI: It's begun, hasn't it?

  IKARI: Yes, it all begins here.

And of course, Seele are furious over this, it's clearly not part of their plans

  COMMITTEEMAN ?: The Eva series aren't capable of generating S2 engines
  themselves.

  COMMITTEEMAN ?: We never imagined it would take one into itself this
  way.

  COMMITTEEMAN ?: This incident is at extreme odds with our script.

  COMMITTEEMAN ?: It will not be easy to correct for this.

  COMMITTEEMAN ?: Were we not mistaken to have entrusted Nerv to Gendo
  Ikari in the first place?


What type of Devil Fruit did Sengoku eat?

According to the wiki page of Hito Hito no Mi, Model: Daibutsu, it is a Mythical-Zoan type Devil fruit.

  The Hito Hito no Mi, Model: Daibutsu is a Mythical Zoan-type Devil Fruit that allows its user to transform into a Daibutsu (a giant Buddha statue) at will. "Hito" is Japanese for "human". The fruit's name was revealed in SBS Volume 60.[2] In the Viz Manga it is called the Human-Human Fruit Daibutsu Model. It was eaten by Sengoku, former Fleet Admiral of the Marines.

And the characteristics of such Mythical Zoan type fruits is explained here.

  Mythical Zoan (「動物系」幻獣種 Zōn-kei Genjūshu?) fruits are an exceptionally rare and immensely powerful type of Zoan Devil Fruit and is said to be even rarer than Logia Devil Fruits. Unlike the other types of Zoan Devil Fruits, this type of fruit may be the only one considered impressive, owing to its rarity and the unique powers it bestows upon the user. They allow users to transform into mythological creatures (which may have special abilities that are comparable to Paramecia and Logia Devil Fruits), the sorts of which could be regarded as the subject of legends and the like. Only two canonical have been shown so far, belonging to Whitebeard's 1st division commander, Marco "The Phoenix"[6] and Sengoku with his Hito Hito no Mi, Model: Daibutsu, both of whom are considered extremely strong and immensely powerful individuals. One non-canonical is Pato with his Inu Inu no Mi, Model: Bake-danuki.


Are the rooms in "Aoi Bungaku" and "Mouryou no Hako" related or a real place?

The painting on the upper-right is just a cover for a fictional magazine, 近代文藝 published by 稀譚舎, from the source novel.
Apparently, the background art and the music that plays during that scene had been reused and recycled. In fact, if you compare the staff/cast behind Mouryou no Hako and Aoi Bungaku (for episode 9–10), you see they have a lot in common:
Staff

Director: Ryosuke Nakamura
Art Director: Hidetoshi Kaneko
Sound Director: Yasunori Honda
Music: Shusei Murai

Cast

Tatsumi Sekiguchi/Takada (the protagonists): Hidenobu Kiuchi
Yoriko Kusumoto/Melos' Sister: Mikako Takahashi

which explains the protagonists looking and sounding alike, and the recycling of the room design as well as the fictional magazine. However, Run, Melos! has got nothing to do with Mouryou no Hako, so the similarities might only confuse people.


What is Eren's and Mikasa's relationship?

Yes, Mikasa has romantic feelings for Eren.
In Chapter 13,

  Someone mistook Mikasa as Eren's girlfriend, to which she replies while blushing that 'they're family.'

In Chapter 50,

  As Mikasa was thanking Eren, she was blushing and putting her face close to his face. They were in a hopeless situation, about to die. She might have seen this as an opportunity to express her feelings to Eren. When she put her face close to his, it looks like she was about to kiss him.

According to this, blushing can be caused by strong emotions. Seeing as how Eren saved her before and been there for her, it's no surprise that she would develop feelings for him.

Also, in Chapter 70,

  look at Mikasa's face when Eren complimented Historia, who blushes and looks embarrassed. If that's not a look of jealousy, then I don't know what else it is.


Was it already revealed in the manga who will be the wives of Naruto and Sasuke?

The very last Naruto Shipuuden manga (issue 700) does reveal who gets married to whom.

Don't hover if you don't want to know:

   Naruto marries Hinata and Sasuke marries Sakura


Can someone become immune to the Death Note by using plastic surgery?

Looking at rule I:

  This note will not take effect unless the writer has the person's face in their mind when writing his/her name. Therefore, people sharing the same name will not be affected.

Plastic surgery might stop photos of the old appearance from working, but unlike with the name, it has not been stated that the original appearance is required to kill a target.

Conclusion, No. Plastic surgery can not make one immune for the the death note.


I don't know for certain, but my best guess is that it's a reference to a Japanese actress called Maki Carrousel, who got a gender reassignment operation in Morocco in 1972.  Back then, gender re-assignment surgery wasn't legal in Japan, so  people wishing to have it performed had to travel abroad, and the most common location for it as first was Morocco.  In fact, it wasn't for another 3 decades that Maki Carrousel had her official documents labeled as female.

I would suppose this gave the public perception of a connection between going to Morocco and changing one's gender.  Put the fact that just prior to this line, Gintoki was just chasing his own testicle and runs into Agomi, the joke (while obscure to us that don't live in Japan) writes itself.

(I found a pretty decent paper that goes into more detail on the history of transgenderism in Japan here for further reading, it's possible I've overlooked some more important details)


Does the White Album 2 anime share the same storyline as the visual novel?

Yes, the anime does take some liberties between the two. The visual novel and anime do follow more or less the same path in the end and do converge but there are some differences.
However, note that the plots remain fairly similar despite this. I haven't looked at the next Visual Novel after Introductory Chapter yet but since they both end fairly similar one can imagine that the differences aren't large enough that you couldn't skip Introductory Chapter and go straight to the next chapter after watching the anime.
The differences are large enough that the Baka Tsuki project does not want anyone translating purely off the anime:

Can I use stuff based on what I've seen in the anime?
Not really... the anime takes its liberties with the adaptation, even
though it's done very well. There are some aspects that are shared
between the game and anime, but please don't try a 1:1 copy of
anything in-between.

It's worth noting White Album 2's Introductory Chapter (the arc in which the anime covers is kinetic. This means there will not be choices to make and it will be fairly linear. So, divergence will not be massive.
That said, I'll leave this as it is and keep spoilers out. If so desired, I can add more information under a spoiler tag listing some major differences.


Red hair Garou, is there an official name for this form?

I probably don't think so he had been given a name to his new personality.
I have read the manga and i don't recall any new name given to him


I don't believe so as Mikoto and Hakuro/Iceman only had one child while Eruru has her little sister Aruru. remember that the pact between Eruru and Utawarerumono was to save the life of her little sister Aruru who had just been killed during an earthquake1

However the Ring Eruru has is indeed the same same Hakuro gave to Mikoto as it is shown to have the same id credentials to access the research facility so it is more than likely Eruru and Aruru are decedents of Mikoto's and Hakuro's baby.

Also keep in mind that the Mecha used by Kuuya's Kingdom are the same as the ones the humans from the research facility used to survive outside and Kuuya's Kingdom seems to have been around for a while so i would suspect that a very long time has passed since Hakuro went ballistic in the research facility and turned all the humans in there into blobs. otherwise it's far too short of time for Mikoto's baby to reach Eruru's age while at the same span of time Kuuya's Kingdom are given the ability to use the Mecha and become one of the dominate forces on the continent

1: i think it was an earthquake which killed Aruru however i can't exactly remember. however i do remember from the visual novel it being revealed that Utawarerumono (or at least Hakuro) had appeared before Eruru and in exchnage for Aruru being revived Eruru was to become faithful to Hakuro which led him to question her love for him. she however ensures that she does love him herself and not because of the pact she made


What is the name of the song played for Going Merry's funeral?

I believe the song you are looking for is either 'Dear friends'

One other option could be 'Mother Sea'.


What is the jokes in regards to Dragonball Character names?

The puns are in japanese.
Nappa is a japanese term for greens in general.
Kakarot is carrot.
Bardock is a japanese root vegetable "Burdock".

For a full list Origins of character names

And yes, they are categorized as she said.


Where can I buy "Snow White with the Red Hair" manga in English?

Shamefully, there does not seem to be an English version of akagami-no-shirayukihime right now.

But as the series is still ongoing, and already has been translated to several other languages as well. Besides the Japanese version, it is not unlikely that an English translation will still follow.

The other languages that have been released (partially) are

German: Die rothaarige Schneeprinzessin
Indonesian: Red Haired Snow White
French: Shirayuki aux cheveux rouges


Who animated which transformation sequence in Symphogear XV?

According to Anime Staff Database Wiki (Japanese), known transformation scene animator(s) (変身原画) per episode:

Hibiki: Yoshitake Nakakoji (中小路佳毅) (tweet)

  シンフォギア1話　響変身バンクの原画をやらせていただきました。

  Symphogear ep. 1, I was allowed to do Hibiki's transformation scene.

Kirika: Yoshiyuki Okubo (大久保義之)
Shirabe & Chris:

Kouki Shikiji (式地幸喜)
Yousuke Kabashima (椛島洋介)

Maria: Hanyu (ハニュー):
Tsubasa: Hiroyuki Takashima (髙嶋宏之)
-
Elfnein/Carol: Shota Sannomiya (三宮昌太)
Miku: Kousuke Yoshida (吉田亘良)
-
-
-
-
-


What is the relationship between Clow Reed and Ichihara Yuko?

For one thing, it wasn't a very deep thought that caused him to wish for her to still be alive. Instead, according to here:

  Upon her death, Yuuko finally explains her connections with Clow Reed. As Yuuko lay dying, Clow Reed had the briefest thought that he wanted her to remain alive. Clow's magic was so powerful that this single thought caused Yuuko to become frozen in time.

Additionally, according to here:

  In Tsubasa: RESERVoir CHRoNiCLE, Clow Reed is mentioned by Yuko frequently. They seem to have worked together for the same event that Yuko always talks about: "the day that has to come". For this purpose, both created the Mokonas (which implies that they had met the "Real" Mokona of Cephiro).

As far as I can tell from everything I've read, they are not related by blood. Instead, they worked together. They may have been no more than acquaintances or maybe friends, as there seem to be few implications that they were ever anything more.

The only time I have seen it implied was in Chapter 138 of Tsubasa, where Clow said to Sakura, "Being apart from the one you like, no matter how old you are, is a lonely thing. And while apart, I'm wishing for that person to be happy." There are thoughts that he may have been talking about Yuuko. It is possible that he was talking about Madoushi, but Madoushi only appeared in an anime movie and so may not have been canon to the manga.

I cannot find any official statements on the matter, though.


How did Mikoto hold his breath for four minutes?

I did not watch this Series, nor could I find a official source stating this. This is just a theory I deduced.
Considering he said "see, because it's harder to drink soda." He most likely figured: If you drink, you hold your breath. If you drink soda it's harder/takes longer. So I can hold my breath longer. Looking at the response of him and the people he says it to I find this to be one of the best explanations.
Then the actual physics behind it for him to actually manage to last longer due to this :

The air we breath is 21% oxygen. By inhaling 100% oxygen for a couple of minutes (enough to washout the nitrogen from the functional residual capacity in your lungs), you can pretty much hold your breath about 4-5 times longer than normal. Anesthesiologists routinely do this before putting patients out as a safety thing (hence the mask when you "go off to sleep") because in an emergency the patient can usually "hold" his or her breath for 5-10 minutes after breathing 100% oxygen. And this works because the patient is already unconscious and can't feel his/her CO2 level rising.
Doing this awake, however, is very difficult as you can feel that CO2 rise and even though your lungs are still full of oxygen your brain will be freaking out and demanding that you take a breath. It is possible to overcome that breath instinct, however, with some training or serious dedication. This is part of the reason that hyperventilation (really rapid deep breathing) before breath holding helps you hold your breath - you drive your CO2 level way down and it takes longer for your brain to reach the freakout point while you're breath-holding. This is also why it's dangerous to do so: while that CO2 level is rising again you may well burn through your oxygen reserve (and since your brain still feels fine with regards to CO2) you can lose consciousness from hypoxia. Fun, right?
Source

Short Summary:
Due to him getting used to the CO2 level Rising, his brain does not panic him to take a breath. So due to training in CO2 he most likely reduced the point of forcefully needing to breath to 4 minutes. Which is also about the max we can hold in with 21% oxygen.


What kind of illness was Kaori Miyazono suffering from?

In my theory, her disease is Friedreich's Ataxia. Symptons begins between the ages of 5 to 15. Muscle weakness in the arms and legs and loss of coordination are symptons.

It causes heart disorders. In Episode 20, she may be having a severe and painful tachycardia, and a following cardiac arrest. The surgery may be to implant a pacemaker, but another arrest killed her during the surgery.


Did Shouko kill people to make the Setsugetsuka dolls?

Yes, she did (Yaya is a banned doll, as Charlotte discovers Manga, anime). Banned Dolls are created using living parts or a whole living organism, human or otherwise (like Frey's dogs). The best banned dolls use human parts, and the machine dolls (Yaya supposedly is one) are made from living humans altogether.

Anime episode 12, talk between Magnus and the teacher.

Shouko is shown in a flashback bargaining for Raishin's body (part of the reason she left Yaya with him to begin with) so she could make more automata also episode 12.

So all Magnus' dolls, Elf Speeder's butler ep12, Setsugestuka, and probably cannibal candyshe could use magic independently inside the vault. were once living people (or parts of) turned into automata.

Let's not even go into the ethics discussion... XD


Are there any Japanese words for "deport" and "incest" that sound similar enough for a bird brain to confuse?

In Japanese, "incest" is 近親相関 kinshin soukan, while "deport [to one's home country]" is 本国送還 hongoku soukan. These two terms are not similar enough for a reasonable human being to confuse. But for a birdbrain? I'd say it's plausible.

The soukan in the two items are unrelated; they just happen to be homophones.

(She makes this error twice in episode 2 - at 04:12 and 09:01.)


Can an adult be killed using the Death Note, by remembering their childhood face while writing the name?

This is never really explained, but according to the rules, you should be able to kill that person, if you know their name and face.

The human whose name is written in this note shall die.
This note will not take effect unless the writer has the person's face in their mind when writing his/her name. Therefore, people sharing the same name will not be affected.

— Death Note, How to Use: I