Does the author or publisher decide a character design?

Mainly the illustrator does.
Basically writers are not involved in design. But he or she can tell the hope to the editor.

It is an example of making a light novel.

An author write up the novel.
The author passes it to the editor. (Perhaps they will talk about what the author wishes at this time, like illustrator desired by the author, places of illustation and so on.)
the editor orders illustrations for a illustrator.
Then he tell the illustrator the atmosphere of the work, distinctive features of charactors like age, hair hength, shape of weapon, chest shape, etc...)
The editor reads the novel before ordering of course. So the content of the novel and the illustration rarely differ.
the illustrator sends rough sketches to the editor.
And the editor shows them to the author.
Then the author and editor modify sentences and the illustrator completes the illustrations, the publisher promotes the release date of the novel.

For answers, I referred to the remarks of an actual writer.(Written in Japanese.)
He says that "It is often better for the editor and illustrator not to speak to the design."
Many writers respect the illustrator. And it seems that they trust work of the editor and illustrator.


Is Mangirl based off a real story to some degree?

It's pretty difficult to find information about Earth Star Entertainment, but from what I can tell, I don't see any similarities. According to its website, it was established in 2006 and its current director is Masashi Kikuta and the president is K. Makuuchi. Masashi is a man's name, so presumably, Masashi Kikuta is a man. The major affiliated talent for the anime is a woman, but there doesn't seem to be any specific link to anything that you mentioned.


Can I increase my lifespan by killing myself using the Death Note?

No. There are some rules that prevent this. From the Rules of the Death Note wiki:

The 23-days rule

  How to use: XXVII

  [...]
  If you write, “die of disease” for the cause of death, but only write a specific time of death without the actual name of disease, the human will die from an adequate disease. But the Death Note can only operate within 23 days (in the human calendar). This is called the 23-day rule.

Situation/cause of death is impossible

  How to Use: LIV

  [...]
  In the occasion where the cause of death is possible but the situation is not, only the cause of death will take effect for that victim. If both the cause and the situation are impossible, that victim will die of heart attack.

While an UFO falling on your head is technically unlikely, but not impossible, the fact that you'll be naturally alive by 2315 is impossible. You'll just shorten your life, not make it longer.
Setting death after original lifespan

  How to Use: LVII

  In the Death Note, you cannot set the death date longer than the victim’s original life span. Even if the victim’s death is set in the Death Note beyond his/her original life span, the victim will die before the set time.


Is Monkey D. Luffy named after Sun Wukong?

I don't think so. The novel is called Journey to the West, and Monkey is the name of a translation into English that became popular that shifted more of the focus onto the Monkey King, Sun Wukong.

It is possible, but Goku was literally given the Japanese name of the Monkey King and had the ability to change into a Giant Ape and the magical staff of the Monkey King, whereas for Luffy it is just his family name, that he shares with Garp and Dragon.

I don't think he is named after this story, there are many stories in the Far East about a handful of animals such as monkeys, dragons and tigers, often the monkeys in the stories will have similar traits, like being playful and strong.

Many characters in One Piece have animal themes, notably the original Shichibukai and Admirals, and they all act/appear in a way that suits their animal to some extent, Mihawk hunting Krieg in his first appearance, Doflamingo being flamboyant.

I think Luffy was just given the name Monkey to highlight his monkeyish characteristics.


It's not "Euro" that the girls were surprised about, but how Mina referred to herself.
Here's the script in Japanese:

わしはユーロしかない。
「わし」？
なんかわしの顔についてるか？
「わぁ～し」？あははは！
（皆笑っている）

Here's the literal translation:

I only have Euros.
"I"?
Is there something on my face?
"My"..? Hahaha!
(Everyone is laughing)

Here, Mina used わし (washi), which is the first-person pronoun used commonly for elderly, especially from Edo period.

Usage notes
The term is generally only used by the elderly, and its use is often considered stereotypical of them. As such, it is frequently used in TV shows and comics to emphasize the age of characters.
More commonly spelled 私, or in kana to make the reading explicit.

In anime/manga culture, if spoken by young girls, she can be considered as ロリババア (loli baba, old loli): girls who look young but act old. (But since this is a one-off joke from her, Mina is not)


How did people even know that the One Piece was in the Grand Line?

The one piece in itself is a guess. If you remember, Luffy even yelled at Ussop in  Shabody for asking such a question, and for once Luffy was actually trying not to think about the possibility of the one piece being nonexistent. However, we know that:

   There are 4 Red Poneglyphs, and each one points to a certain location. Once they are laid out, these four locations will have Raftel in the middle.

However, we do not have actual evidence that Raftel is in Grand Line. Now that you mention it, probably, just maybe, it is somewhere else. (The irony; people were looking for it for so long in Grand Line and if it's not there then really, what a disappointment.)

As far as we know, it could be anywhere, even on top of the Red Line, we don't know. Note, at times Rayleigh's facial expressions really did suggest wild thoughts in readers, like the one piece does not exist or that the Void Century is such a simple puzzle after all.

In Conclusion:
The people assume it is in Grand Line because Gol D. conquered it, and short after that, he got executed.


Since the bottom of Subaru's untucked dress shirt is seen and tugged on, one assumes by the scream that he was discovered.


Have the Marines ever paid out a bounty over 1 millon Berry?

The Marines have a huge funding. This is because they belong to the World Government. Their source of income draws in from taxes from the nations in the Grand Line, and also from the World Nobles. I'm sure the Celestial Dragons throw out huge sums of money to ensure their safety and to pamper their tantrums. This gives a better view point of how the money flows.

Now when the bounties are higher, it doesn't just show  how troublesome of a threat they are to the World Government, but it also shows how notorious they are among other pirates.

Big fish are often taken out by big shots. If a pirate kills a pirate, surely they won't go running about asking for the bounty to be rewarded to them. Because then they'll be caught by the Marines. And with powerhouses like the Admirals, extreme threats are taken care of efficiently. In such a scenario, the bounty money needn't be awarded.

There has been no canonical statement in the series which shows that a bounty of over 1 million Beri was rewarded.

Bonus content from Wikia:

  Bounties are issued with a "Dead or Alive" disclaimer, meaning the reward will be paid so long as the threat gets eliminated, but Baroque Works agents state that bounties are usually only paid in full if the criminal is captured alive; up to 30% of the bounty money may be lost by bringing in someone dead, since no public execution can be held.


Did the Hayate no Gotoku anime adapt the manga closely?

As nhahtdh pointed out, the first season has a lot of original content of the manga, but the time scale is completely different. Inside the anime, the first season was equivalent to more than a year, however in manga only 9 to 10 months have passed till then.

The second season completely sticks to the manga. So it does not seem like a continuation of first season.

The story of the movie: HnG Heaven is a place on Earth is not at all related to manga and so is the third season. However, the story of the third season was written by Hata Kenjirou (the Mangaka of HnG).

The new characters introduced in third season are present in manga, but the story is completely different. The fourth season HnG Cuties is a series of 12 episodes. The first 10 episodes are based on discrete chapters of manga. Each dedicated to some character(s). The last two episodes are not in manga.

Overall, you should give it a try!


What's the song during the fight between Fumikage and Moonfish in Season 3 Episode 6?

In case you haven't found it yet, the OST is called The Threat of Offence and Defence. It is from the 1st Season OST, here is the link.


What does it take to be an alchemist, besides knowledge and technique?

Alchemy is a combination of chemistry and magic, and it requires both knowledge and technique to make a transmutation happen. Though you're correct that alchemy is an important part of the series, for the people of Amestris, it's still something that's exceptional and out of the norm. (Remember how often citizens are impressed when Ed or Al use the simplest of alchemy to restore broken objects.)

Your analogy of pills and computers isn't totally accurate. Yes, we take pills when we have a fever... but do you have any idea how to make one of those pills? I'm sure you've got a general idea of how to start (you take some chemicals and put them together), but the actual specifics are much more complicated. Same with computers - we can use the programs on them easy enough, but do you know how to code one of those programs? This is how people view alchemy as well - they see a tool that can be used to fix/create, but the actual process is far too complicated for most people. After all, Ed and Al have studied almost their whole life, and most of the state alchemists have also spent a great deal of time honing their craft. (As a side note, this is probably the reason alchemists tend to specialize in one type of alchemy, such as Roy's fire or Tucker's chimeras - they learned all the chemistry related to that field, and would be much less effective doing something else.)

The Rockbell doctors can't perform alchemy because although they are very smart (and probably have some chemistry training as well), they don't know the alchemical techniques necessary to make a transmutation happen. Similarly for automail mechanics - they have a ton of knowledge of which parts make up a functioning mechanical limb, but they don't know alchemy. (Likewise, this is why Ed needs Winry to fix his automail all the time - he doesn't know how it works on a technical level. He can transmute some parts of it like making a blade out of the aesthetic parts of the arm, but he is unable to to fully repair the arm on his own... he needs specialized knowledge for that.)


Why doesn't Gai use ninjutsu or genjutsu more often?

I'd say because they aren't his strengths - clearly Taijutsu is so why should he use something that he isn't great at?

It could also be that he has used them in the past and it, unfortunately, got him into some difficulty so he had to fall back on the tried and tested techniques of his Taijutsu :)


Which book is referenced in My Neighbour Totoro, when the Susuwatari are introduced?

Based on quick research in Japanese, there's no official statement about the book used as a reference for Susuwatari (or Makkuro Kurosuke).
The only traditional Japanese legend mentioned on Japanese Wikipedia is Kesaran Pasaran, which refers to the similarity to its form, but the similarity only goes as far as a fluffy furball (not even black).

外観は、タンポポの綿毛や兎の尻尾のようなフワフワした白い毛玉とされる。
The exterior appearance looks like a white fluffy furball, similar to dandelions or rabbit's tails.
(From Japanese Wikipedia - Kesaran Pasaran)

Alteil Online rendition of Kesaran Pasaran

Regarding the book which "Makkuro Kurosuke" appears, it's never been stated officially. However, according to Yahoo! Chiebukuro (Japanese), some Japanese fans speculated that it was based from Little Nerino (translated as Makkuro Nerino in Japan), a picture book by Helga Galler.

Book cover of Little Nerino

Nerino, from あっちゃんたかちゃん's blog on Yahoo! Blogs (Japanese)


Where did Nanami's Clairvoyance come from?

Wikipedia article:

  Hidden technique: Migeika (見通し研修) - Nanami Yasuri was born with the eye of gods, with this ability, she is able to see through any technique, any movement, any weaknesses, thus mastering any ability with observation.

The clairvoyance Nanami is mentioning was Migeika, her special technique. Nanami is literally saying that she can "see everything."

Around 8:20 Nanami says, "I can see through any technique, any movement and any weakness." This is the closest in both fight scenes where she mentions any sort of clairvoyance implicitly. However, I didn't see her mention clairvoyance directly at all.

At 11:44 Nanami says, "And I've absorbed all of them. With these eyes." She doesn't say she has clairvoyance (which is a see all: "he supposed faculty of perceiving things or events in the future or beyond normal sensory contact." Google Definitions). Think of Migeika as more of an ability to take in every bit of visual information and process all of it and understand all of it as it is. In this sense, she can take in everything in battle, process that information and immediately understand and make use of it.

Through out the show it is explained though that Nanami has this technique, you simply missed it. It's especially mentioned in episode 4 where she fights the Insect Squad of the Maniwani.


Can Logia Devil Fruit Users get hot or cold?

I don't think they get hot or cold. Some of them can even change the climate around them

When Ace came to Drum Kingdom (Snow Island) there was no snow.

Chapter 154 To Alabasta

Also remember Akainu and Aokiji battle, they divide the climate on the Island. In ten day they permanently changed the weather on Punk Hazard, turning one side into a frozen wasteland and other side left in a blaze

Smoker also doesn't seems to get hot or cold in Alabasta or Punk Hazard. He wore his jacket the same way on those island - he left it unbuttoned. The same goes to Crocodile when he was in Freezing Hell floor and Blazing Hell floor in Impel Down. Although he only there for a moment.


What does the symbol on Edward's coat mean?

It's called the Flamel (yes, named after Nicolas Flamel, purported to be an alchemist who sought the Philosopher's Stone).

It is most noticeably similar to the symbol of Hermes, a god of alchemy, and also the Rod of Asclepius, which you may recognize from ambulances as the EMS symbol.

It is not a religious symbol, nor is it ever explained to have a relevance in the FMA universe. However, given its real life links to alchemy and medicine, it's safe to say that the author intended to bring forth real-world alchemical symbols into her universe.

Further reading: FMA Wiki entry on the Flamel


Should the name of the main character in "Fate Kaleid Liner" be "Illya" or "Ilya"?

Both "Ilya" and "Illya" are official spellings of her nickname. "Ilya" is used on the TYPE-MOON's official website and in the fan translation of the game, but "Illya" tends to be used elsewhere, especially in merchandise.

Illyasviel von Einzbern Wikia Page: Citation 3


Why do Mio and her friends seem to all wear different uniforms?

The school may have different uniforms for each class. This seems rather unlikely for the same reason you ruled out reason 2. In Tari Tari for example the girls in the music program have a dress while the other girls have skirt and shirt and tie.

It is possible that the school doesn't mandate a uniform but the girls decide to wear something uniform-like anyway because wearing a uniform at highschool is part of the culture. Out of universe it also helps establish that the setting has moved to japan.


Japanese Scoring System on Public High School Examinations: Quintessential Quintuplets

In The Quintessential Quintuplets, the passing grade is 30 or above per subject.
This was inferred and stated in the midterm exam's result (chapter 20), when

Yotsuba said that she failed all subjects except National Language with 30.

Miku said that she only passed Social Sciences and failed the rest, even Maths with 29.

Fuutarou was disappointed because the girls failed to get 30 points after studying hard for a short period.

In Japan, the general passing grade is also 30 points, though it may also depend on the school policy:

There are schools with 20, 40, or even 60 passing grade
Some schools use the average score of the subject instead, or half of it

References:

manga-games.com, a Japanese blog for chapter summary

Chapter 49
Volume 3

Yahoo! Chiebukuro - What is the failing grade for tests (in high school)? (Japanese)


Is there any other episodes of Naruto after Episode 220 before Naruto Shippuden Episode 1?

No, you haven't missed any episodes. There is a time skip between the end of Naruto and the beginning of Shippuden, where Naruto goes off and trains with Jiraiya and the other characters do various other things as well, some of which are shown in flashbacks but most are just referred to.


In episode 1 of Hyouka, what was the topic of the essay Houtarou has to rewrite?

The full title of the essay (partially obscured in the image above) is:

「入学一ヶ月の実感と今後の抱負」
"My experiences during the first month of school, and my ambitions for the future"

In the essay, he writes about his desire to do his very best to promote culture at his school (via his participation in the classic literature club), adding that this won't interfere with his academic pursuits, as befits a student attending the finest high school in Kamiyama.
Interestingly, when this scene appears in the Kotenbu series (on which Hyouka is based), it appears much later, chronologically (in volume 4), and does not include the text of the essay. His internal monologue in the novel does suggest, however, that he's basically making this up as he goes along to get it over and done with.


What is this anime about a gloomy girl with black hair liking a popular boy at her school?

The answer probably is Kimi ni Todoke

  Kuronuma Sawako is completely misunderstood by her classmates. Her timid and sweet demeanor is often mistaken for malicious behavior. This is due to her resemblance to the ghost girl from "The Ring," which has led her peers to give her the nickname Sadako. Longing to make friends and live a normal life, she is naturally drawn to Kazehaya Shouta, the most popular guy in class, whose "100% refreshing" personality earns him great admiration from Sawako. So when Kazehaya starts talking to her, maybe there is hope for the friendships Sawako has always longed for. Maybe... there is even a little hope for some romance in her future.

The protagonist is Sawako "Sadako" Kuronuma

and the good-looking guy is Shouta Kazehaya

Wiki
MAL


What is the purple baggy fabric Sasuke wears? what is the purpose?

I think you are talking about this belt.
This is just a rope that Sasuke uses to hold his sword, but it also serves as an ornament for his clothes.

Here is an image showing the belt holding the sheath.


If Eren Jaeger dies without transfering his titan powers, will both powers transfer to the same child?

I think Yes.  According to the manga, if the host of the titan body dies, their power goes to the newly born child.
And since Eren has now acquired more than one titan's powers, then if Eren dies, then each of his powers will go to separate newly born children.
Here is a fandom theory if you would like to read... that can answer much of your questionsfandom theory
Warning : there might be some spoilers in the link, read only if you have read till current manga chapter


Can the Limbo clones use all the techniques of the jutsu owner?

It is actually unclear. The Limbo clones can apparently fly and block physical attacks, and they also have the same Rinnegan as the original (they are, after all, clones).

But we haven't seen any evidence of the clones being able to use any sort of technique aside from basic taijutsu.

Since the manga is over and the databook doesn't provide any new data on this subject, the final answer would be No. Limbo clones cannot use ninjutsu by the original.


How did Araragi become tolerant to the sun?

I'll answer you but I have to say that I will spoil the end of the light novel (and the third animation movie).

In the whole story of Kizumonogatari Araragi is never outside when there is light. If there is light in the movie, it's just a mistake. A reason for Shaft to make something beautiful, that's all.

About the following stories of Monogatari, you will notice that Araragi lost the most part of his vampire abilities. In the end of Kizumonogatari you will learn that Araragi have to kill Shinobu if he wants to turn into a human. That's why Shinobu is so weak in Bakemonogatari. Araragi didn't want to kill Shinobu so they found a compromise. By weakening Shinobu, Araragi became weak as a vampire and lost the most part of his abilities. It also means that his weakenesses, like the sun became less important.

You will notice in bakemonogatari and other stories that Araragi hates the sun, not because he hates it as a human, but because he kept a small part of his weakeness to the sun.

Actually, at the beginning of the Kizumonogatari movie Shinobu looks younger than in Bakemonogatari but that's not the case. This is misleading. In the light novel they say she look like a ten year old girl in Kizumonogatari and a eight year old girl in Bakemonogatari.

This also explain why Araragi is able to regenerate himself so fast in his battle against Kagenui Yozuru. Shinobu was older in this scene. She was a teenager.

I checked on the wiki and here is what they say :

  Kiss shot planned on having Koyomi kill her so she could finally find
  a proper way to die and allow her minion to turn back into a human.
  Instead, after having her plan revealed, Koyomi rejects it as he
  doesn't want to kill her. With the help of Meme Oshino, he finds a
  compromise that leaves no ones wishes granted. Instead of killing her
  completely, he would get her to the brink of death, weakening her
  power, making him as close to human as possible. In return, she'd be
  so weak that she wouldn't even be able to take the same name anymore.
  To keep her alive, Koyomi would occasionally feed her his blood. This
  plan goes through. The now unnamed vampire holds a grudge and refuses
  to speak.

Source : http://bakemonogatari.wikia.com/wiki/Shinobu_Oshino


What is the age of The Witch of the Waste in Howl's Moving Castle?

Not sure if the wiki would help, it already has good information. Regarding your question, strictly based on the web info, 273 years old.


Is there a name for the abbreviated (usually three syllable) title?

For what it's worth, in Japanese, you would call this particular sort of abbreviation a 略称 ryakushou or 略語 ryakugo, both of which basically just mean "abbreviation". There isn't an anime-specific term for this sort of thing or anything.

I should mention that abbreviated names of anime are more commonly four syllables than three-syllables, at least in recent years. "Hareguu" is Ha-re-gu-u (actually, these are morae rather than syllables, which is why this may not be obvious if you're unfamiliar with Japanese); "Oreimo" is O-re-i-mo; and Fruits Basket is frequently "Furubasu" Fu-ru-ba-su in Japanese. There is a nice table of these on Nicopedia (JP).

As a side point of interest, this blog (JP) collates abbreviated names for anime of recent seasons - for example, 2015 winter, spring, summer, and fall. (Obviously, machine translation is going to fail spectacularly for this sort of thing, so this is only relevant if you can read some Japanese.)


Anime with bad guy has a power to control blood and dressed in white

This is most definitely Speed Grapher by studio Gonzo. That scene with the boy taking a banknote to buy a ball is a dead giveaway.

This is the bad guy and his top henchman:

And this is the good guy and his camera:


Why is naruto's Jinchuriki transformation so different?

If you go through the Tailed Beast Mode section of the Jinchūriki Forms, you can see that (emphasis mine)

  Naruto has not been able to fully recreate Kurama's form. At first, this was because the fox would not cooperate with him, causing all attempts to turn into it to result in a miniature, comical version of the beast that could not be maintained for very long. Since then he has been able to earn Kurama's cooperation, but the Tailed Beast Mode he enters, though accurate in size, is unique as he does not as closely resemble the beast as the other jinchūriki do their own.

Further looking into the Tailed Beast Mode section in Nine-Tails Chakra Mode, you can see that (emphasis mine)

  All jinchūriki can enter Tailed Beast Mode, which grants them all the strength and abilities of their corresponding tailed beast. However, where other jinchūriki become full-scale replicas of their tailed beast, Naruto and Minato enter a form very visually similar to the Nine-Tails Chakra Mode. For Naruto, the shroud parts down the middle and opens up into a full-length cloak (haori), revealing a black undergarment with three magatama on each side of his high collar. His seal's numerous swirl-patterns, which were located all over his body, open out into complete, dark circles. His eyes become red and slitted and his whisker-markings become much thicker, as they do in his early transformations.

This is what you're seeing when Naruto transforms for the first time along with Kurama, when fighting against Tobi.


What happened to the barrier at the end of Digimon Tamers?

In terms of the Digimon regressing:

   It seems to have to do with their initial bio-emerging being undone. And, since Digimon in the real world are synthesized false proteins, it would make sense that, without the Digital World being properly connected, their physical form would not be able to remain, so they reverted their evolution and returned to the Digital World.

As for the portal appearing:

  Shortly before we see it, we see Takato running through the park, when a Digignome flies overhead. Since they are known to be able to grant wishes, in both the Digital and Real Worlds, it would make sense that it granted Takato's implied wish to see Guilmon again, opening the portal for him.


Where does the anime Hajime no Ippo: Rising leave off in the manga?

Rising ends with a four-episode arc focused on Kamogawa and Nekota in their younger years. Though the anime places this arc after Takamura's victory against David Eagle, it originally came after Takamura's first match against Bryan Hawk in the manga, so you'd want to pick up from the end of Takamura's fight against Eagle, which ends on Chapter/Fight 556 in the manga.

Most people seem to agree that while the anime made some cuts for the sake of time, important scenes have been retained, and that cut scenes generally would have added depth of background, humor, or added characterization that the series had no time for or that would have disturbed the flow of the plot. According to the first link, a fight between Hayami and Kobashi that originally took place in Chapter 290 of the manga was cut, but it was relatively short and likely had little bearing on the main plot.

I haven't actually watched it, so I can't say for certain, but from what I've read, the anime should be a pretty faithful adaptation of the manga. If you really wanted to, you could start from Chapter 1 anyway to pick up the minor details that were cut. You may end up enjoying the series more, or it might not make much of a difference.


"I'm going to mess with her." -- but what did she do?

Her sister's phone appears to be a recent-model iPhone. Pressing the Home button and the Sleep/Wake button simultaneously is how you take a screenshot.

So she now has a bunch of photos of her lock screen taking up space on her phone. Take that, Akane's sister!


Does using Devil Fruit powers drain the user's stamina?

It depends on which Devil Fruit. Some fruits drain their user's stamina when its powers are being used, while some don't.

Example: Luffy's Devil Fruit permantly turns his body into rubber. The fruit's power is active at all times, but Luffy doesn't need to use any stamina to remain in his rubbery state. Luffy's stamina doesn't drain simply by existing.

On the flipside, Law's fruit, the Ope Ope no Mi, does drain his stamina when he uses it. He confirms this himself.

So the conclusion is, it depends on the fruit.


How did 'Rollover Jango' and 'Iron Fist Fullbody' become Ms. Hina's subordinates?

I tried to find about it and it took me a while but I got it, it's an interesting story presented here. As a summery:

Jango wakes up, chased after by 'Usopp Police Squad'.
Takes a small boat, passed 'Captain Morgan', both asleep.
New island, marines searching for him.
Takes a disguise, enters a dancing contest.
Jango is the winner, Fullbody is first runner-up.
Island attacked by 'Caption Yurikaa' leading 'Tulip Pirates'.
Jango runs, Fullbody fights.
A girl is taken hostage, Fullbody is defeated.
Jango returns to save his 'Brother', both defeat those pirates.
Fullbody captures Jango, degree 'Death by Hanging', Fullbody objects.
Decision overturned, Fullbody got a demotion.
Both agree to be hypnotized, to forget about their friendship.
Hina appears, decision changes, they decide to follow her.
Both enlist into Marine HQ with 'Mop in hand'.


In sub Akame ga Kill, why do the characters reference "leveling up"?

Well in the dub for anime some one has to come up with the words for the script to the best of their ability.So it's just their choice in words.


How does someone obtain spiritual powers?

Everybody has Reiyoku, or spiritual energy. According to bleach.wikia.com:

  Every spiritual being and every Human has a certain amount of Reiryoku. If this amount is higher than a certain degree, it grants the person superhuman abilities. Those with such an above-average level of Spiritual Energy are very rare among living humans. It seems to be that the most basic ability that humans with a higher level of Reiryoku have is the ability to see ghosts: Pluses, Shinigami and Hollow alike. Shinigami are essentially departed souls in Soul Society with very high levels of Reiryoku who receive special training to utilize their powers.

For the Quincies, it appears to be hereditary, as shown by the fact that both Uryu and his father have strong powers.

For Yasutora Sado (Chad) according to bleach.wikia.com:

  Originally it was thought that by encountering the spiritual form of Ichigo Kurosaki constantly, Sado's natural spiritual powers were pulled from the depths of his soul. This power is actually a product of Fullbring.

For Fullbringers according to bleach.wikia.com:

  they each have a parent who survived a Hollow attack before they were born. As a result, traces of the Hollows’ power remained in their mothers’ bodies, which were then passed onto them at the moment of their birth.

For other characters, it sometimes isn't completely clear or explained why they have their abilities, other than that they intrinsically have a high level of Reiyoku.

To summarize, there are a number of different ways that humans become able to see ghosts and Hollows and interact with them (as Chad, Orihime, etc. do).


Please see the latter part of the answer to Is intentionally producing a lower quality TV release unique to anime?:

  American cartoon viewers are very particular about the quality. My friend who is a key-frames animator for The Simpsons told me that there is one animator whose entire job is just to animate the mouth movements, because if the mouth movement does not perfectly match the voice actor's words, the fans generally feel that they cannot suspend disbelief. In contrast, anime in Japanese does not always bother to record the voice actors' voices first before animating, since Japanese fans do not care much whether the mouth movements exactly match. . . . American viewers are used to watching mouth movements like in The Simpsons and Disney films which are perfectly aligned.

This is not a case of anime being "limited" in a negative sense of slacking off, cutting corners, or being too rushed, but rather, Japanese viewers are not at all bothered by mouth movements which do not perfectly align with the voice, and therefore do not expect that out of animation production companies. It is a cultural difference, so it does not make sense to label the Western style as "better at" animating.

Anime can precisely match mouth movements to the voice when it is desired to do so (see the opening theme song sequences of Ao Haru Ride and Ore Monogatari!! for examples), so the companies have the required skill to do it. It is just a matter of preference that they often do not.

Because Japanese viewers are not particular on this point, it allows the production company to begin animating the cels before the seiyuu (voice actors) finish recording their lines. This gives the anime industry more flexibility in the timeline of production, as compared to non-Japanese animation which requires the script to be finalized and the voice acting to be recorded before the mouth movement animation can begin (in other words, multiple aspects of the production of an anime episode can occur at the same time). A benefit of this flexibility is that seiyuu have the freedom to ad-lib lines in the studio on the spot if they come up with something they think might work better than what is written in the script that was handed to them; even if the mouth movements have already been animated to basically match the line in the script, improvisation is still possible. Some fans enjoy buying anime scripts and comparing the original script to the final product, so they can discover which parts the seiyuu contributed.

Historically, anime was drawn by hand, so looping, panning, overlaying cels, etc. were more utilized in older titles (since animating a whole episode's worth of cels took a lot of man hours) than in current anime, which is predominantly computer-animated. If you watch older series such as Ashita no Joe or Ace wo Nerae!, you can see very impressive and creative alternatives to animating many frames per second, an art form which has largely diminished with the advent of computers. There is a remarkable and arresting charm to some of the classic animating techniques which were developed in order to stylistically or realistically convey the scene or the character's emotion in less frames. The looping mouth movement is one of these early innovations.


Yobisute (no honorifics) at the end of Monogatari Series Second Season Episode 24

I don't think there's anything unusual about it. You're right that in real life, omitting honorific suffixes (i.e. yobisute) when first meeting someone would be unusual, and may even be considered downright rude. When it comes to anime characters, on the other hand, that just isn't so. Characters will often refer to others in ways that would be considered inappropriate in real life.1
Kaiki, in particular, never uses honorifics, except for senpai for Gaen Izuko (and that, too, is inconsistent). Consider the first time Kaiki refers to Karen by name (in episode 5 of Nisemonogatari; also their first meeting):

KAIKI: どうした？震えているぞ、阿良々木。
KAIKI: What's the matter? You're shaking, Araragi. [no honorific]

And later, when Kaiki first refers to Koyomi by name (in episode 7 of Nisemonogatari; only their second meeting):

KAIKI: …あの元気のいいお嬢さん、お前の妹のことなら、心配することはない、阿良々木。
KAIKI: ...As for that lively girl, your sister - you needn't worry, Araragi. [no honorific]

All said and done, Kaiki's failure to use honorifics when addressing Hanekawa doesn't really mean anything. That's just how Kaiki speaks, and more generally speaking, is how a lot of anime characters speak.

Notes
1 This is why people who learn how to speak Japanese by watching anime often have a skewed sense of what is considered polite in Japanese society - anime characters are often pretty darned rude by real-life standards. This question on Japanese.SE has a bit to say on that topic.


How many magicians quit after the 7-year time skip?

Yes, after the "Tenrou" arc, most of the Fairy Tail members quit the guild, but all the members who had screen time are still in Fairy Tail .

Most of the important characters, or characters who had major or average screen time and were at "Tenrou" island (Natsu, Ersa, Lucy, Gajil, etc.), and even the most minor characters who had less screen time (like Waren, Romeo, Romeo's father, etc.) are still in Fairy Tail.
Even if some characters are missing (I personally didn't notice any), all the important ones are still in Fairy Tail even after "Tenrou" arc. On the plus side, we even get a new character - Kinana.

My answer is based on only the anime, not the manga.


One Piece Episode 533 Music Name at 19:47

This song from One Piece Movie 9 is called The Doctor Living in Castle (Dr no Sumu Shiro). Here's the Crunchyroll episode link and YouTube song link for reference.


Apart from being of the same genre and containing similar enough art style, I don't think the productions are related.

Differences:

The authors are different (Masahiro Yokotani vs Haruichi Furudate)
The production studios are different: Haikyuu!! is produced by Production I.G, Free! by Kyoto Animation
Haikyuu!! is shonen whilst Free! is mostly targeted at women.

Similarities:

Character style (but this could just be that the style of the characters has been found to appeal to their target market and chosen for this reason)
Exclamation marks in their title!! (but so has K-On!! and many other shows)
Sports genre

The similarities between the shows aren't really substantial enough to warrant a link between them, so I doubt they are.

[I thought that Chihayafuru (another sports title) was similar to Haikyuu!! also, but it also doesn't have anything in common, so I think this is just an art style that sports anime have evolved into]


Does Midorima's shooting ability have a name?

Well, in the manga, his skill is also hardly mentioned, and when he does it, he is "shooting" and mostly translated as "Midorima's super long 3-pointer/shooting" or some variation. There wasn't a special name for it.

The wikia lists it as:

  Talent:High Projectile ThreePerfect Accuracy Unlimited Range

Source: http://kurokonobasuke.wikia.com/wiki/Shintar%C5%8D_Midorima

So I guess there really isn't a "special" name for his move. Just a super long 3 pointer.


Can Mirio's quirk come back on it's own?

No, it was mentioned the the bullet that hit Mirio was a permanent one. That means his quirk is gone for good unless someone reverses his body to the state before the quirk was lost. That is why they are helping Eri control her power so that she can help Mirio get back his quirk.


In Black Clover, how is Nero able to find the magic stones?

Your hypothesis is in the right direction, though the powers don't seem to be very mystical, just unusual in his species.
Nero is of the species known as Anti-Birds which the wikia describes as:

Anti-birds are small birds that have black feathers on their back, wings, and around their face. Their faces have red feathers while their undersides have white feathers. Their beaks are black and they have a pair of feather that are shaped like downturned horns.
The Anti-birds are capable of sensing mana and will peck at those with low or no mana. Anti-birds will not approach anyone with high levels of mana and will become frightened when they get close to those with powerful mana

(emphasis mine)
The wikia entry for Nero lists this mana sensory ability as what allows him to detect magical items and and help them navigate toward a source of mana. This utilization of the mana detection seems to be unique to him, as the wikia also mentions the following ways in which Nero differs from usual anti-birds:

Nero is the only Anti-bird that has upturned horns and two tail feathers shaped like arrows

Currently only Nero is shown to be able to detect magic stones and Anti Magic weapons

As you can see, there's no clear confirmation or reason why Nero is different than the others, but we do know that he is the only one who can do this.


As you have guessed, Naotsugu was about to say おパンツ, or panties. However, he was kicked by Akatsuki (who went through the trouble of leaving the kitchen momentarily just to kick him) before he managed to finish his sentence.

This also matches the running gag where he would be kicked by Akatsuki, or when she is not around, he would have to dodge some natural phenomenon conveniently occurs before he manages to finish saying anything pervert. The first case frequently occurs in the first few episodes of the first season (among other occurences here and there), and the second case can be seen 8 minutes into episode 2 of the second season.


What are the different colors in anime production drawings for?

The use of colored pencils and related mediums vary depending on the artist or production that does them.

The yellow is typically seen being used to highlight shadows or break up object in the background (like clouds), because shading with a regular pencil might drown out the details especially in a elaborate or darkly lit scene. Take this storyboard from Arrietty:

Compare it to this uncolored storyboard from Evangelion 2.0:

And the Steamboy:

Other times the yellow can be used to highlight an active foreground object like a person, take a look at this example from Mushishi:

The color blue is typically used as a secondary color, do add more detail and depth to the storyboards. Here is an example from 5 Centimeters Per Second:

Notice the blue is being used to highlight additional shadows for a better sense of the atmosphere of the shots. Here's an example of how it's used to separate objects in Gundam UC.

None of these guidelines are set an stone and can vary greatly depending the  budget and needs of the production and/or director(s).

The opening storyboards for Ponyo are in watercolor:

The main scenes too:


Who is this third character and what is her connection?

I think she looks like Shana from Shakugan no Shana

All of them has similar trait, small stature, and tsundere. All of them also has same seiyuu, she's Rie Kugimiya. And all of them also produced by J.C. Staff.

The reason of why they look similar probably because (as @LoganM says) J.C. Staff is rather lazy with this kind of thing. They also have similar art and animation style among their series even when they have different Character Designer.


Is the birthday of Fuuka Akitsuki known?

I found out that Fuuka is born on the same day as Yuu. If you ask about Akitsuki Fuuka.


What was the name again of Kageyama's Senpai?

His name is Toru Oikawa, commonly referred by the girls as Oikawa-senpai. They both went to Kitagawa Daichi middle school and were in the volleyball club. He's currently the captain of Aoba Jousai High School. He was the one who taught Kageyama his killer serve and how to block and spike. However, their tosses are of their own invention as he didn't teach Kageyama how to do it.


What is the source material, if any, for Sanzoku no Musume Ronja?

It's from a children's fantasy book called Ronja Rövardotter (Ronia the Robber's Daughter) by Swedish author Astrid Lindgren, first published in 1981.


The aim was to revive the Ten-Tails in its prime and that is why they wanted to seal both Kyuubi and Gyuuki completely too. But after the Edo Tensei was released by Itachi, Obito lost all the revived Jinchuuriki's of the other 7 tailed beasts. Though he had them sealed, he couldn't use them in the battle anymore and facing both Naruto and Killer B alone would have been difficult for him.

Thus he decided to revive the Ten-Tails with just the 7 beasts and the little chakra samples of Kyuubi and Gyuuki he already had(sealed Kinkaku, Ginkaku and a piece of the tail of Gyuuki) so that he could become its Jinchuuriki and complete the Eye of the Moon plan.

Here is a sequence of images from the Manga, which will help you understand the whole thing better. Most of it is from the Manga Episode 594, and is finally out in the anime too, Naruto Shippuden Episode 341.


How did Mello know about the fake notebook in Death Note?

I was confused how Mello came to the conclusion that Kira's henchmen, Mikami, was using a fake notebook, but after reading that and a few other posts, it may have just been his intuition. I think Mello kidnapped Takada betting on the fact that the real notebook will be used to make Takada commit suicide. Since the suspected Kira, Light, and Mikami were being watched, the location of the notebook would be revealed. I might be wrong, but I think if Mikami had a scrap of paper on him like Takada, the team may have never found the second notebook to tamper with.


What is this anime that has a strange flying sun totem?

Night Warriors: Darkstalkers' Revenge (1997–1998)

The world is a dark, brooding place populated by humans, but ruled in reality by powerful beings known as the Darkstalkers, and there is constant conflict between them as they try to determine who is the most powerful of them all. Zombies, vampires, werewolves - all of them compete in contests of strength and sheer will to attain their own personal goals.
All of this becomes moot when a race of Aztec robots called the Huitzil decide that humanity isn't worth saving, and start waging war on the world, while in the sky, a solar god from outer space plots the conquest of Earth. And the Darkstalkers must become unwilling allies in order to save the world.

The sun totem spits out Pyron, the boss of the series, who challenges every monster character and wins all battles until his defeat in the end. The background of the anime is pretty dark most of the time, as you can see in this screenshot of the sun totem:


How old are Ishishi, Noshishi, and Zorori?

In the anime, Zorori age was never mentioned.

However, in the manga, despite his young appearance, Zorori's age is over 120 years.

On volume 15, titled かいけつゾロリつかまる！！ (Kaiketsu Zorori Tsukamaru!!, "Kaiketsu Zorori Arrested!!"), there's a newspaper about his fugitive warrant with the text 「かいけつゾロリ(109)」 (Kaiketsu Zorori (109)), which means that he was 109 years old at that time. (source: hensachi60's tweet (Japanese))
On volume 46, titled かいけつゾロリ きょうふのようかいえんそく (Kaiketsu Zorori Kyōfu no Youkai Ensoku, "Kaiketsu Zorori, the Terrifying Monster Field Trip"), it's mentioned that his age was 124 years old. (source: Yahoo! Chiebukuro (Japanese))
In the spin-off manga series, ほうれんそうマン (Hourensou Man, Spinach Man), the 1st volume, titled へんし〜んほうれんそうマン (Henshi~n Hourensou Man, Transform Spinach Man) has a scene of Zorori's 100th birthday. (source: Japanese Wikipedia).

The boar brothers Ishishi and Noshishi's ages, however, are never mentioned at all.

Reference:

Japanese Wikipedia
pixiv encyclopedia (Japanese)


How did they start sending messages to other's phone?

You just send the message from one phone/pager to another one. All you need is the microwave running and a running CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), plus the phone number of the receiver. You configure the microwave, turn it on and wait for the message to be sent.

Earlier in the story, they needed to connect the phone with the microwave, to determine, which message should be affected by time-travel.

   However, Daru wrote a program, with which you could set the number and various different things, so it was possible to send these D-Mails without the need of connecting the phone to the microwave.

Regarding your time-question: Daru applied many modifications to the microwave, so you could set any running-time. The microwave won't run the whole 24 hours, it just needs to be set to that time.


Overview
Ah, the Monogatari [color] Scenes. Before we talk about what they mean, let's look at some of them.
First, you've got the two classics: Red Scene...

...and Black Scene.

But wait, there's more! You've got various kinds of White Scene...

...different kinds of Yellow Scene (the second of which is kind of abnormal, with vertical text and a non-[color] background)...

...Lilac Scene...

...Blue Scene...

...Peach Scene...

...Light Green Scene...

...and even Purple Scene.

Note: this collection is not exhaustive - I haven't gotten around to taking screencaps for most of Bake, or for any of Neko Black or Neko White.

So, what do they mean? They aren't present in the light novel series (which isn't surprising - this wouldn't really make sense in running text), so we can't turn to that for information. And unlike all of the text-heavy 2~3-frame screens that Monogatari is so fond of (cf. 1, 2, 3), these screens aren't really being used to compress a lot of information into a small amount of time, either.
Instead, I think it behooves us to examine what is going through Araragi's head (at least for arcs in which he is the narrator) to understand why these scenes appear.

Red and Black Scenes
Let's look at Red Scenes first. The first one is at Bakemonogatari ep01 at 01:49, when Araragi, late for school, is rushing up that huge spiral staircase, right as he first glimpses Senjougahara falling. That's the only one in this episode.
We find a lot more in Nisemonogatari ep11 - when Araragi talks about how he'd die over and over for his sisters; when he first tries to attack Kagenui (while yelling about how having an non-blood-related sister is super-moe); an four times when Kagenui hits him.
In Second Season ep09 (Kabuki ep03), we get another Red Scene when Araragi yells at Oshino (not present) for having given jiangshi-timeline him a different talisman. There's also one when Araragi realizes he must have been killed by Black Hanekawa in that timeline. At the end of the episode, when the realize they're surrounded by jiangshi, there's one more Red Scene. In Second Season ep10 (Kabuki ep03), there's a Red Scene when jiangshi-timeline Kiss-shot appears, and one shortly after that when Araragi is terrified by the way Kiss-shot laughs.

Now, let's look at Black Scenes.
The first appearance of Black Scene occurs at 02:02 of Bakemonogatari ep01, when Araragi notices Senjougahara falling, stops in his tracks, and blinks. We see another Black Scene at 02:05, and again at 02:06 (this time accompanied by that "shutter" sound). After that, we don't see too many Black Scenes in that episode - one when Senjougahara staples him, one a bit after he tells Senjougahara to give him her stationery, and one right after they walk into the ruined cram school.
In general, you see Black Scenes fairly often, typically accompanied by a change in "gaze" - that is, Araragi's focus shifts to a different part of a given scene. It is worth noting that (to the best of my recollection), Black Scenes never separate different scenes.

Based on this evidence, a common inference is that Red or Black Scenes correspond to Araragi blinking. Since the Monogatari series is largely told in the first person (albeit that person is not always Araragi), the idea is that we see what he sees - when he blinks, we see nothing but darkness, since he sees nothing but darkness. This isn't strictly the case (because, of course, Araragi's eyes aren't always the camera), but it generally seems like a good perspective to adopt.
In this framework, then, Black Scenes are just what happens when Araragi blinks (sometimes). What about the Red Scenes, then? Well, pay attention to the fact that they seem to appear when Araragi is excited or under stress or in danger or angry, or whatnot. In other words, we see Red Scene when Araragi blinks while he is under the influence of some strong emotion. So, in that sense, Red Scene is just a particular type of Black Scene.

Red and Black Scenes seem to serve the same purpose even in parts not narrated by Araragi. In Second Season ep12 (Otori ep01), narrated by Nadeko, we see Black Scenes in the first five minutes mostly corresponding to Araragi blinking (with an especially nice one at 04:29). Once we move back to the "present" from the initial flash-forward, we get a number of Black Scenes corresponding to Nadeko blinking.
We also get a Red Scene at 12:04 when she first sees the medusa, startling her, and again at 19:35 when the medusa presents her with an exaggerated version of the horrific things she did to the snakes at the shrine. There doesn't seem to be much of a difference between Red Scenes for Nadeko vs. for Araragi.

Other [color] Scenes
What about the other [color] Scenes? It's difficult to generalize about these since they're so rare. Let me just identify a few examples (from Nise and Kabuki, since those are the only parts I have a full screencap collection of) and put up a few hypotheses.
There are two Yellow Scenes in Nisemonogatari - one in ep10 at 17:32, when Shinobu says something, and one in ep11 at 12:05 while Kagenui is talking (at the beginning of her fight with Araragi). There's also one in Second Season ep08 (Kabuki ep02) during a narration about Hachikuji by Araragi. I'm not seeing any common features here.
There are three White Scenes in Nisemonogatari - one in ep03 at 22:37, when Senjougahara says that Hanekawa called her (this one has cat ears in it); one in ep09 at 22:37 during some throwaway line to Hachikuji; and one in ep11 at 06:00 during a conversation between Koyomi and Tsukihi (right before she says "platinum mad"). In Second Season ep08 (Kabuki ep02), there's one at 16:20, right when Araragi is molesting still-alive Hachikuji in the past. There's also a White Scene in Second Season ep12 (Otori ep01) right after a shot of the medusa.
Here, we do have Hanekawa being "white" (as we learn much about in Neko White), "platinum" being generally "white", and the medusa is "white", too, I guess. I'm not sure how the Hachikuji ones fits in, though.

There are Peach Scenes at 01:53 in Second Season ep08 (Kabuki ep02), when Shinobu is excited to see mini-Araragi; and another one at 21:52 in Second Season ep12 (Otori ep01), when Nadeko agrees to do the medusa a favor.
There are Lilac Scenes at 12:41 in Second Season ep08 (Kabuki ep02), when Araragi responds to Shinobu's question about whether or not he understands what saving Hachikuji means for her; and at 11:05 in Second Season ep12 (Otori ep01), during Nadeko's conversation with Ougi. No idea what the deal is with these two.
We get a Light Green Scene (moegi1 - it's a sort of yellowish-green, sort of like some kinds of freshly-sprouted plants, apparently) at 03:15 in Second Season ep17 (Oni ep01), during a conversation between Hachikuji and Araragi, when Araragi points out that Hachikuji stands out less without her backpack. There's another one at 06:44 in Second Season ep19 (Oni ep03), while Hachikuji is telling Araragi how she was surprised that Araragi didn't abandon her when the darkness came upon them the first time. This might be because the color moegi is associated with youthfulness (mostly of plants, albeit), and Hachikuji is the youngest character in the cast (past-Hanekawa/etc. notwithstanding)
There's a Purple Scene at 02:03 in Second Season ep19 (Oni ep03) shortly after Ononoki walks in on Araragi and Shinobu's conversation. There's another one (accompanied by a "popping" sound) at 11:40 in Second Season ep19 (Oni ep03) just before Araragi starts feeling Hachikuji up while she's asleep. Why are they there? Beats me.

Summary: aside from Red and Black, the other [color] Scenes don't really seem to have much in the way of consistency. They see very little use, especially in Bakemonogatari.

Notes
1 The moe in moegi is the same word as the moe that serves as the origin of the otaku-jargon word "moe" meaning cute/etc.


Song played on "Parasyte The Maxim" Episode 6 at time 16min30s

The song you are looking for is the Migi Theme by Ken Arai

You can listen to it here

This song does not seem to be included in the currently released OST


Do filler episode characters ever appear in the main storyline?

Utakata was introduced during the so-named Tsuchigumo Kinjutsu arc, but he eventually makes his way in the main storyline as a reanimated ninja fighting in the Great Shinobi War.

It could be conjectured that he wasn't a filler character, but until Naruto chapter 515 at the earliest, the Six-Tails host was not identified by name.

In this picture, Utakata is second from the left.


What is the name of the song/piece playing in Full Metal Alchemist episode 6 at 6:48?

Pretty sure it's Despicable Acts of the Fullmetal Alchemist OST


Where can I find ratings of anime OPs and EDs?

Gendou's Anime Music has ratings on the opening and ending songs and offers links to buy the songs.

You commented that you are looking for something for something rating the animation as well as the music, and I don't know of anything like that, but Gendou's Anime Music site is a good reference for finding opening music based on anime title and for rating the songs themselves, so I figured it was worth a mention at least.


Yeah, Violet is probably inspired by Saber. I sort of have proof:

They look exactly alike.
They were both involved in a war.
If you think about it, Gilbert is Violet's version of Shirou because of how much he means to her.
They are both badass


Does Conqueror’s Haki have to knock someone out?

As stated in One Piece Conqueror's Haki (Haoshoku no Haki), whoever possesses it will have the qualities of a king. So you can control and dominate the will power of people and other creatures like sea monsters, who are weaker than the Haki user. By control, it doesn't mean that you can make people to do something. But you can suppress them for a short period of time and someone who can't bear it will get knocked out.
As explained in Usage and Strengths and Drawbacks of Haoshoku no Haki:

The most common usage of it shown in the series so far is using it to exert the user's willpower onto those with weak wills and rendering them unconscious.

One can also use Haoshoku Haki to destroy things as seen by Shanks when he was able to crack a part of Whitebeard's ship using his Haki.

Another advantage is a proficient user like Luffy can use it to tame powerful and dangerous animals, allowing the user to pacify ferocious beasts such as the Kraken or Fighting Bull.

There are very few Haoshoku no Haki users. Only one in several million people have this ability. So, we see someone using Haoshoku no Haki very seldom, usually when fighting with a large number of weaker opponents. Someone with a strong will will not be affected. We might get to see more use of Haoshoku no Haki in future.


Reincarnated as a Slime -- Are the alphabets in the end credits real?

Looks like an original alphabet, possibly based on runic alphabet. However, it is a complete alphabet with known transliteration.

解読マリィ@happymaryheart tweeted his work on the complete transliteration of the alphabet.

Based on transliteration samples he tweeted, it's basically either:

English words, or
Romanization of Japanese words

As for why the credits are shown in three alphabets... it's actually only shown in two alphabets: this runic alphabet and Japanese/English. The runes are shown for the first time, then they shrink before being replaced by the original words.

As for why it's done this way... I haven't done any researches for this, but I'd speculate on artistic impression, or perhaps it's actually the only alphabet in their universe...


Why doesn't Kana's boss know about the Day of Flight?

In episode 7, Reki states that she was despondent after Kuramori's disappearance. Nemu tried to cheer her up by doing research at the library to find an explanation for the disappearance. This explanation ends up being the "legend" about the Day of Flight at the library. Thus, information about the day of flight must be openly accessible.

In the same episode, Rakka tells the cafe owner that "Kuu has left us." In response, the cafe owner asks if Kuu has disappeared. After that is confirmed, he says, "But that's how you Haibane are, right?" Thus, Kana's employer is not an anomaly if he knows about the Day of Flight and other details about Haibane life. With the rest of the content in the exchange with Rakka then, it looks like Torisuda's suggestion (that the employer is aware of the Day of Flight on some level and simply didn't want to explain in detail) is relevant here. (After all, the details in his exchange seem too accurate for mere speculation.) It's still possible that he doesn't actually know, but what I'm trying to assert is that the scenario where he does isn't improbable at all.

However, it's worth noting that not all of the townspeople are familiar with Haibane life. In ep. 5, Sumika tells the presumably teenaged Rakka that she does not look like a newborn, despite being good friends with Nemu. Similarly, in ep. 8, a woman in the thrift store treats Rakka in a somewhat objectifying way, which might be grounds for assuming a lack of familiarity with the Haibane.

Thus, it must be then that the Haibane are "separate" enough that a number of people get by without ever having any meaningful interactions with them, while a small number do (and thus might be more familiar with Haibane life).


Why didn't Rem die after killing Kaneboshi?

That is because a Shinigami can die only if they try to extend or prolong the life of a human. In this case, Misa was not in any danger, and killing Ginzo would in no way extend Misa's life directly.

This excerpt from Wikipedia explains that Shinigami can die only by saving a human life (emphasis mine):

  Like humans, Shinigami also can die, of sorts by extending the life of a human they care about (by saving them from certain death): the
  purpose of a Shinigami is to end life, not give it, and hence saving a human is contrary to their nature. Shinigami who die in this manner are reduced to dust. Their Death Note is left behind. The other way that a Shinigami can die is that they stop writing names in their Death Note- since Shinigami take human lifespans for their own when they write a name in their Death Note, if they stop they will eventually die when their lifespan runs out.

Hope this helps :D


Why doesn't Sasuke have his left hand in Boruto: Naruto the Movie?

Sasuke refused tsunades offer for the arm to remind himself of his sins. This is quoted straight from the manga.


Does the story of Dragon Quest continue after the anime?

According to Wikipedia (with a source):

The series adapts the events of the first 10 volumes of the manga, with initial plans to continue onward until scheduling and time slot changes at TBS lead to the series ending after 46 episodes. To accommodate the abrupt ending, [Riku] Sanjo [the manga's author] helped to provide an adjusted finale to the anime.

The manga apparently has 37 volumes, so yes, the story continues for a considerable amount past the point where the anime stopped.


Is it possible to understand the One Piece storyline by watching the movies only?

If you want to follow the story of One Piece, your only choice is either to watch the anime or to read the manga (you will complete it much faster since you can read a chapter in few minutes). Also a big bonus point for the manga is that there is no filler.

Regarding the movies, most of them are not-canon which means they don't fit in the story of One Piece. You can view them as a spin-off, which takes the existing characters and world setup but tells a totally different story that is in no way connected to the anime/manga.

So, in short, the only way to follow One Piece is either to read the manga or watch the anime.


Why was Nero able to return to her human form?

I think it is related to magic stones, after using forbidden magic, again and again, she turned into the bird and also the magic stones were lost. elves collected all the magic stones which help in turning back the wizard king into his real form and also the Nero. but I have a question of why she didn't speak to anyone earlier in any chapter. she only spoke once to finral.


Why is Guren's cockpit seat different from other knightmare frames?

The closest in-universe explanation we have is that the Guren was created by an Indian Engineer, and manufactured in Japan. The key point here seems to be the Indian designer, because several other Knightmare Frames boast a similar cockpit, and are either Indian-designed, or derived from the Guren.

Specifically, the Four Holy Swords' "Gekka" model is derived from the Guren (though their power level is lower to allow for cheaper production) and has the 'motorcycle' seat.

And, in the Second Season, the Black Knights are given a new model of Mass Production Knightmares known as 'Akatsuki.' Again, Indian-designed, and they have the motorcycle seat.

Beyond that is also the Akatsuki Command Model Zikisan, the Zangetsu, and the Amanecer, which are all derived from the Akatsuki mass production model, and all have the same style of seat.

The common thread here, is that all of these Knightmare frames were designed in India or derived from a frame that was. So, based on that, one can logically assume that the 'Motorcycle seat' cockpit is simply how Indian designers build their cockpits.

Now to move away from factual, and provide a possible tactical reason for this change...if you look at the positioning of the cockpit of Britannian-designed Knightmares...

the 'base' of the cockpit is situated at the frame's center of mass, and actually protrudes through the chassis of the Knightmare. Most soldiers, when being trained, are taught to aim for center of mass when firing at an enemy. Effectively, this means that when firing at a Knightmare Frame, you are firing directly at the cockpit.

With the 'Motorcycle' design...

the entire cockpit is perched on the shoulders of the Knightmare, and situated to peek over its head. This moves the base of the cockpit somewhat away from the point that is most commonly fired upon, and actually puts the full mass of the Knightmare in between the pilot and whoever is shooting at them, improving the chances of a successful ejection.

The downside to positioning the cockpit this way is that with a Brittanian-style cockpit, everything could be spread out, because the frame sticks through the chassis of the frame. In order to perch the cockpit on the Knightmare's shoulders, and still maintain a low enough profile to not make the frame unwieldy, you need to compact the cockpit. The easiest thing to cut down on is 'space for the pilot.' So you have them hunched forward in a motorcycle-position so you can have them basically laying on top of systems that used to be mounted into the walls.

Again, the last half of this is all theorycrafting...so take that with a grain of salt, but it makes sense to me.


Just to clarify, the Mangekyo sharingan unlocked when Rin died. Thus, Kakashi does know that he has the ability to use Mangekyo sharingan the whole time through the series. Thus, he does know he has the Mangekyo.

Regarding whether he kept it hidden or not is up to the viewer's discretion. There's another thread that was open a few years ago on When did Kakashi first use his Mangekyo sharingan, an excellent thread to see what other people think.

Personally, I'd say he tried to keep it hidden since he still couldn't properly wield it properly, and would be in danger


What is the new shuriken formed from Naruto and Sasuke's power?

It is a blaze element technique (an enhanced Amaterasu with help from Naruto). What is is called? Well according to the said chapter:

They could call it "SHAKUTON KOURIN SHIPPUU NO YA ZEROSHIKI (read: Swirling Gale of Black and White Arrow)!"


How many Tanken Nichijou no Machi episodes are there?

There's some confusion about what "Tanken Nichijou no Machi" is.

It is not the thing you've seen subtitles for. The things you've seen subtitled are a promotional video and some unaired next-episode previews. Typically, these things are not construed as "specials", but in this case, they've been incorrectly conflated with and mistaken for "Tanken Nichijou no Machi", which MAL thinks are specials.

"Tanken Nichijou no Machi" does not consist of a promotional video and some unaired next-episode previews. Rather, it is a series of ~10-minute live-action clips featuring the Nichijou cast and staff (mostly Shiraishi Minoru, really) doing things that have hardly anything to do with the actual show. Here is the first of them on YouTube (could go down at any time).

They're kind of interesting to watch, I guess, but again, they have absolutely nothing to do with Nichijou besides featuring the cast and staff from the show.

I suspect that MAL is the ultimate source of this misinformation. If somebody knows how to get an entry delisted from MAL, they should probably do that with "Tanken Nichijou no Machi".

Anyway, to answer your title question, I think there are 11 episodes of "Tanken Nichijou no Machi". YouTube appears to have episode 11, and the official website for the manga lists episode 11 being planned for inclusion in BD 13 (the last volume).

However, this is a little confusing, since BD 1 and BD 2 appear to include a thing called "Tanken Nichijou no Machi", which might be distinct from "Tanken Hakken Nichijou no Machi 1" on BD 3 (continuing through to BD 13, which lists "Tanken Hakken Nichijou no Machi 11"). So the answer might actually be 12 or 13? It almost certainly isn't 14, though.

There is something of a lack of information on the internet about Nichijou's BD content, because the discs had abysmal sales, owing to the large number of them (13 for 26 episodes; 11 or 12 is more common, I think) and the high cost of each individual volume.


Did Dante ever activate his devil trigger in the anime?

I know this is a bit of a necropost, but since nobody answered:

I do recall that in DMC 1, when you activate Devil Trigger at first, you don't gain the form but rather you get an aura around you, at least until you attack. It may be related to that?


Would Super Dragon Ball grant these wish?

Dragon Balls can't grant wishes that are more powerful than their creators (Link about Shenron and Porunga stating this but it applies to all Dragon Ball dragons)

http://ultradragonball.wikia.com/wiki/Shenron

http://ultradragonball.wikia.com/wiki/Porunga

And in Dragon Ball Super it is stated than nobody is more poweful than Zeno, so no, he couldnt grant a wish to be more powerful than Zeno

"Zen-Oh is the most powerful character in the entire Dragon Ball franchise"

http://dragonball.wikia.com/wiki/Zen-Oh


Can Black Sperm return to be as powerful as he was?

Black Sperm certainly seems to think so, and he should be the authority on how his cells work, but only time will tell if he's right.

In Chapter 85 he initially expects to have to start over from scratch and expects to begin by getting protein from eating bugs.  But he ends up being more like someone's pet and by chapter 109 he seems happy to wolf down dog food to get him started on the path of recovery.


Has Zoro attacked with "Three Thousand Worlds" in the time between Baratie and Dressrosa?

As Qiri mentioned, he did use it against Oars in thriller back. This takes place in chapter 480. Below is a picture showing the attack, with the "Three thousand worlds" editor's translation.


Who is this character from a Dragon Ball videogame?

べジータたちをたおせ (Be-ji-i-ta-ta-chi-o ta-o-se), which means "Defeat Vegita and his comrades".

By the appearance of SSJ3 Vegeta and Nappa, it's from the game Dragon Ball Heroes, a Japanese arcade game developed by Dimps, which they have developed a lot of popular anime video games.


What manga is this page used to advertise for scanlators from?

Happy Cafe

  Romance and happiness blossoms at the Happy Cafe! Uru takes her mother's remarriage as an opportunity to work part time at the Happy Cafe. There, she befriends Ichirou and Shindou, two of the most unsociable guys she's ever met! To make matters worse, it turns out that Uru is not exactly meant for the waitressing world, as she's a huge klutz. But as this hilarious shoujo tale unfolds, true happiness,and even true love, lurks just around the corner. source

this particular image you have posted is from the 11th volume of this manga.
for more informations about his manga see here or here


Why are Eren and Mikasa shown not to be in the Walls in some flashbacks?

Standard character, plot, and location spoilers for Season 1 and 2 of Attack on Titan, and corresponding material from the manga. Some things we know about
Mikasa's childhood home & the events that give us insight on its location:

It is a decent-sized wood house located in a rural area, surrounded by trees, at the base of a hill, in a mountain-like region. On the side of the house, they store a hefty pile of wood,  and none of the surrounding trees looked to be cut down so we can assume that the area in question is likely in a forest or near a forest at the base of a mountain  (Manga, Vol. 2, pg 36)
When Mikasa is kidnapped, she is taken to another rural location that shares the same wood-like housing structure, surrounded by trees, and with a mountain very close by in the back drop, and the house looks to be on an incline of some sort (Manga, Vol. 2, pg 42)
Shortly thereafter we get a brief flashback to a childhood memory that confirms the house is at the base of forest, and the house is also a farmland house (Manga, Vol.2, pg 62).
Now, we know that Eren lived at Shiganshina, and there are two forests on either side of this area, either being a plausible location for the location of Mikasa's childhood home. The area to the north east of Shiganshina is where the encounter with the Female titan takes place and so we know there's a forest there. The area to the north west of Shiganshina is where Krista's kidnapping occurs, so we know there's a forest there as well.
But, as mentioned above, the childhood home of Mikasa was located near or within a forest, and the forest was also near a decent-sized mountain range. Cross-referencing with the terrain provided in Volume 2 of the manga, only mountain ranges within any of the walls are north west of Shiganshina. There are no mountain ranges to the north east of Shiganshina (Manga, Vol. 2, pg 38)
Lastly, for the argument that Mikasa lived outside of the walls, remember that the location was close enough to Eren's home in Shiganshina that Eren and his father traveled to Mikasa's house by foot. And, in Attack on Titan, no one goes through titan territory without a horse. So, considering that they traveled to Mikasa's house by foot it would be safe to assume that the location they were traveling to was within Wall Maria but outside of Wall Rose.

That means that the most likely location for Mikasa's childhood home is somewhere near Chlorba, likely south east of it, but still within Wall Maria. At least until further information is released that proves otherwise.


How did paradox work in Kurugaya's route?

The reason behind the paradox was only implied in Kurugaya's Route, but was made much more obvious in the anime.  Kurugaya wanted to keep the world intact forever, and to keep Rin and Riki from waking up, keeping the Little Busters! together.  However, this went against Kyousuke's plan of doing what he could to save them.  The time paradox and the snow were caused by the conflict between Kyousuke's willpower and Kurugaya's wish.  In the anime, it is shown that Kengo and Masato are much more exhausted as the days repeated, as well as Kyousuke altogether disappearing.  This implied that Kyousuke's will alone was not enough to beat Kurugaya's wish, and that the others had to help.


Why is Galactic Railroad mentioned in an Utena duel song?

I don't think so. Lyrics from Utena duel songs talk about high abstract concepts which do not have a direct significance to the duel they accompany (or any other duel). In my opinion, it is just inicidental.


What series are there after Rurouni Kenshin (1995)?

The final arc of the Rurouni Kenshin manga is indeed about a man, Enishi, who has an old grudge against Kenshin. However, the final arc of the manga was never put into the anime. There do exist two OVA series that adapt this part of the anime.

The Trust and Betrayal OVAs adapts the backstory of the final arc, and the Reflection OVAs adapts the final arc, though it only appears as a lengthy flashback. The main story of Reflection takes place after the manga.

Both sets of OVAs are drastically different in style and tone from the manga and anime, and lots of content from the manga is not present due to the brevity of the OVAs. That being said, they were highly praised. They were released in English under the Samurai X name.


Normaly ninja's should only be able to use their chakra to cast jutsu, there is practicly no limit to what they can do with this

  Normal chakra is a form of energy all living individuals naturally produce to some degree. Contained in the "chakra coils" that mainly surround and connect to each chakra-producing organ, the energy circulates throughout the body in a network called the "chakra circulatory system" (similar to the cardiovascular system)

It seems only highly trained people can use chakra so that it is visible .

  Certain groups, such as ninja, have learned to generate more chakra and release it outside their bodies through their "chakra points" (tenketsu) in order to perform special techniques (jutsu). Chakra is not normally visible to the human eye, though chakra can be seen in situations where a person releases as much of their chakra as possible. This is rarely seen due to the restrictions of certain chakra points (Eight Gates), limiting the amount of chakra an individual can release at a single given time. Chakra can also be visible when doing specific techniques (such as the Rasengan) which take a high degree of chakra control to perform.

For a pretty detaild explaination about chakra you can check the naruto wiki right here


As revealed in Chapter 95,

  Annie, Bertolt and Reiner are Marleyan soldiers sent to infiltrate the Paradis island to locate and recover the Founding Titan.

Why, then, would Annie accept Armin's request?

  Remember, they need to complete their objective before returning to Marley. As someone in undercover, she needs to avoid raising suspicion.

In Chapter 31, Armin tells Annie that if she does not accept his request,

  that would make her a 'bad person' to Armin. Now, that might seem like a lame way to convince someone to help you. But, Armin is a tactician. And Annie probably realizes how intelligent Armin is. If you read that chapter, you'll notice the look that she gives her after he said that, which implies she knows there is a possibility she is being suspected. It makes sense that she would go despite the possibility of a trap because of her objective of securing the Founding Titan, which requires that her cover remains intact. Refusing would raise suspicion and her cover will be blown so she took the chance. If you'll also notice, when she found out they were going underground, she was surprised, which means she was not expecting that they'd go this far to know if Armin's suspicion was right or wrong. Furthermore, she also said that 'she did not imagine that Armin would corner her like this.'


While not explicitly declared, we have every reason to assume that transmutation circles are reusable...assuming a few things. I base this off of observations of all of the (as you called them) transmutation arrays that we see tattooed onto people or stitched onto their clothing, or carved into their metal equipment. I'm further connecting it to the fact that there is apparently not anything too special about these 'permanent' circles, as

   Mustang carved one onto the back of his hand and was able to use it just fine.

So, here are the assumptions.

1: Your transmutation circle is not destroyed when the surface it is marked on changes. For example, in the original anime, Ed gets himself out of trouble by scratching a circle into a set of restraints. When the restraints change into something else, the circle is destroyed because he morphed the material it was marked on. Or any of the times Al uses a circle to launch chunks of Earth at enemies.

2: Your circle is marked in a way that is not easily disrupted. A lot of the temporary transmutation circles we see, such as the ones that Al uses, are drawn with chalk. Chalk smudges easily, and the transmutation reaction may be enough to smudge it. And, as we have seen, transmutation circles need to be very precise in order to function properly...so a bit of smudging should be enough to ruin it. Another way this could be messed up is if a liquid is spilled on the chalk...like the mess made at the end of Ed and Al's very, very failed human transmutation attempt.

I can't find an example of this actually happening with a 'drawn' circle, because Ed and Al have a tendency to use Alchemy that destroys their transmutation circle...and the times that they haven't (see: repairing the radio in Lior) they only intended to use that circle once. However, in that case, the circle remains intact and appears to be completely unchanged...so I see no reason it couldn't be used a second time.

Furthermore, in the 2003 anime, we see transmutation rooms set up that have the circles painted onto multiple walls. If the circles only worked once then had to be repainted...there'd be no sense in using paint in the first place...chalk is much cheaper and quicker to work with.

All told, there isn't any reason to think that transmutation circles are somehow less re-usable because you didn't stitch them onto the back of your glove or engrave them onto a gauntlet. As long as you don't mess up the circle, we have every reason to believe that they could be re-used.

In the case of the Xerxes circle or the Nationwide Transmutation Circle...we have every reason to believe that they could have been re-activated, assuming the two things I stated before are true. Naturally, I assume this means that one of the first things that they set about doing after the final battle was damaging the array so it wouldn't work any more.


What's up with the gravity on board of Bebop?

The Bebop uses centrifugal force to generate "gravity". It has a rotating cylinder which is where the crew spend much of their time when in space. It is shown from both inside the ship and outside the ship, and in a few episodes, it is shown that when the cylinder stops spinning, the people inside that portion of the ship suddenly start to float.

Presumably, there would be no apparent gravity in the portions of the ship which do not rotate when the ship is not thrusting. When the ship is thrusting (accelerating), then the entire ship would experience a force similar to gravity along the axis of thrust.


Where do the movies fit within there series timeline?

The first two Nanoha movies are retellings of the first and second seasons of the anime respectively. That is to say that "Mahou Shoujo Lyrical Nanoha: The Movie 1st" covers the same story as the original "Mahou Shoujo Lyrical Nanoha" and "Mahou Shoujo Lyrical Nanoha: The Movie 2nd A's" covers the same part of the story as "Mahou Shoujo Lyrical Nanoha A's". The not-yet-aired third movie is supposedly going to be an original story which will be set between A's and StrikerS on the timeline.

There are some minor differences between the anime and the movies. Technically, the movies form their own continuity. However, these differences are all minor as far as I remember. With that in mind, there are many possible orders to watch the series, and so long as you respect the internal chronology any viewing order seems reasonable. If you want to watch all the anime in chronological order by release date (which is what I'd personally recommend), it would be:

Mahou Shoujo Lyrical Nanoha
Mahou Shoujo Lyrical Nanoha A's
Mahou Shoujo Lyrical Nanoha StrikerS
Mahou Shoujo Lyrical Nanoha: The Movie 1st
Mahou Shoujo Lyrical Nanoha: The Movie 2nd A's


How were #35's vectors stopped in episode 12?

The vectors are unable to be used when the Diclonius is in pain. That's why the scientists keep them in pain. They won't be able to use their vectors to escape. The reason why #35 can't use her vectors after #7 hits her in the head has a lot to do with this weakness. Maybe the blow affected her frontal lobe in some way.


This is just how I interpret it based on what I know.

In Chapter 72, when Levi and Erwin are talking about the plan to defeat the Beast Titan,
it was revealed that, to quote from the wiki,

  He cared more about discovering the secrets hidden in Eren's basement, and finally proving his father's theories correct, than he did about retaking the lost territory of Wall Maria. His dream of understanding the world was so strong that he confessed to Levi that he considered it more important than the victory of humanity.

Levi was reminded of Kenny Ackerman who, while dying, told him that everybody has to be drunk with something... This is when Levi realizes that what Kenny said applies to Erwin. Erwin was drunk on curiosity to understand the world than to save the people within the walls. If he would choose Erwin, Erwin would prioritize his dreams rather than their goal of saving humanity.

And then he later says he chose Armin because they pushed Erwin to be a demon. Had Erwin's circumstances been different, had his father not been killed and if he was able to pursue his goals of understanding the world without having to worry about being arrested, he would probably have been a researcher or someone other than a soldier. Levi understands that Erwin only wanted to answer the questions he had about the world. It was never really his desire to become a soldier or be handed the position of someone who should save humanity. If he chose Erwin, sure, Erwin's questions would be answered but it would likely doom humanity as Erwin's goal stops at answering his questions and proving his father right. In an episode of the latest season, I seem to recall Levi asking Erwin what happens after they find the truth in the basement, to which Erwin replied 'I don't know'.

Erwin sacrificed many lives for his ambition whereas Armin sacrificed his life with the intent of Eren achieving their ambitions. Armin was willing to give up his life and prioritize humanity's survival so long as Eren, the one he promised to see the sea with, can achieve their dream for the both of them. Erwin, however, was willing to give up the lives of his subordinates in order to achieve his dream, which only is about answering his questions and proving his father right.


No, HM's and TM's never (see EDIT 2) appear in the regular episodic anime.

It's understandable that these would be omitted from the anime. Often, these would be used in the games to allow the player to access different areas of the game. Because the game was viewed from top down, a simple rock in your path could cause a serious issue. This is why the games had HM's/TM's like Rock Smash, to get around such obstacles.

However, consider a similiar scenario in the anime. If there was a very large rock in the path of Ash and co., they would not likely need a Pokemon to move or smash it. If they did, the rock would have to be pretty massive to block the way, and there would be other ways around it. The use of TM's and HM's in the anime/manga was not as apparent, and was left out accordingly.

From a post on GameFAQs:

  In the anime, every pokemon pretty much automatically knows every move
  it can learn. Because, ya know... it would make more sense.

And from a thread on PokeCommunity:

  I don't think they'll ever be in the anime, since anime-verse move
  learning is generally more... dare I apply this term to the anime...
  logical than game-verse. Anime-verse TM/HM moves seem to be taught and
  worked on and developed like a skill rather than just implanted.
  Like... Pikachu and Iron Tail, Baoppu and Solarbeam... they were both
  taught and spent time mastering that particular move. They didn't just
  randomly learn it from a rather hazy "level up" method.

  So yeah, no. TM and HM moves are taught, not implanted. The discs we
  use in game don't really work in anime-verse.

EDIT: As noted by @Dragon, there are Pokemon in the anime that know moves that can be learned through HM's/TM's in the games, such as surf and rock climb, but there is no evidence that these moves were learned specifically from an HM or TM.

EDIT 2: As noted by @Dragon and @Riley, there is a Pokemon movie called Pokemon Origins, that seems to have some version of HM's/TM's, as seen here. Sometimes in the Pokemon movies, different aspects are created or shown differently (as plot devices, if necessary). In Pokemon Origins, HM's are mentioned, but their existence in the rest of the anime is still unknown. There is also a reference to a few different HM's/TM's in the manga and the previously linked source, so it seems that they may exist in the Pokemon universe, or at least they did at some point. Credit to @Dragon for this find


Why does Kakashi Hatake always wear a mask?

I have collected a few reasons, which are actually assumptions..

Because he was an ANBU. All the members of ANBU wear masks for various reasons. (hiding their identity, their feelings, expression, and so on, making them merely fighting robots)
Since his childhood days, he always was looked down on by the villagers because his father sacrificed a mission in order to save his comrades. This resulted in a huge loss to the village (maybe in terms of reputation and economy). He wanted to hide himself.
Moreover, people could easily mistake him for his father since they look similar (one example: Lady Chio attacking Kakashi Hatake because she mistook him for his father Sakumo).  He tried to hide himself with his mask, though people vaguely remember it since a generation has been passed.

Though all the above reasons aren't really valid now (in both the anime and manga), Kakashi still wears mask, for which the reason is unknown.

Just an idea Kishi had. And here is a piece of information from a blog:

  In an interview the question, "Why does Kakashi wear a mask?" was asked. Kishimoto's reply was that he saw ninjas as being "mysterious" or something, so in his character design he made Kakashi wear a mask, but he didn't do that with other characters because it's too difficult to get their expressions down when you can't see their entire face.

Blog link: [click here]


What makes New-Types different from "old-types"?

The weapons utilised by the God Eaters, the God Arc(Jin-ki) are split into new types and old types. New types having the ability to transform between a gun and a sword and can convert the Aragami it eats into energy for more bullets. Old types are just Jin-ki that only has one form, a gun is a gun, a sword is a sword.

New types are called new types cause they use a new type Jin-ki. They are the same as normal God Eaters biologically with no other modifications on them whatsoever. They are made into God Eaters by injecting Oracle cells into them, same as the old types. Its just that they utilise a newer weapon.
The God Eaters that can utilise new Jin-ki are prized as to use the weapon you have to be compatible with a Jin-ki to utilise it and those that are compatible with the new types are rare so they are highly prized due to their higher battle prowess with new type Jin-ki.


Can Lucy still call her Celestial Spirits?

Yes you forgot about a few events. She summoned both Virgo and the Star Dress, Virgo Form in chapter 427 for example.

Other examples are:

Chapter 422 where she summoned both Leo and his dress
Chapter 431 where she summoned both Taurus and his dress

It seems that she always summons a dress and doesn't want to rely on the spirits alone any more, but she can still summon them. Seeing as she can summon two spirits at the same time (maybe more by now), she can also summon both the dress and a spirit and I'm assuming she can even summon both the dress of one spirit and another spirit at the same time. I don't think they must be related.


What is the name of soundtrack in attack on titan season 3 part 2 trailer

The Song you are looking for is "ətˈæk 0N tάɪtn · MIKA KOBAYASHI · Hiroyuki Sawano"

https://youtu.be/zroFzv7sFis

https://genius.com/Hiroyuki-sawano-tk-0n-ttn-attack-on-titan-annotated


What are the circumstances of what Obito the Sharingan used against Konan and the Kakashi's Sharingan?

If you have seen the fight between Tobi (Obito) and Konan, he actually used his left eye which he had given to Kakashi. So the Sharingan he used for Izanagi was of the other (Uchiha).

Also, Obito gave Kakashi his Sharingan (the right one) and Kakashi already has the left Sharingan, so he has both and talking about Mangekyo, Kakashi has already awakened that power.


It's Kid, the heroine of Chrono Cross.

Sources:

Lucca's wikia page
Kid's wikia page

Both of them also contain the exact same image you have linked


What other sacred/legendary places exist that are like Mount Myoboku, Ryuuchi Cave, and Shikkotsu Forest?

We know that there are other types of creatures, Gai summoned a turtle, Temrai summoned a weasel, and I'm not even beginning to talk about Pain's Chikshodo.

However, as for the "homes" of said summoned creatures, only 3 have been confirmed. The 3 you listed.

Mount Myoboku
Ryūchi Cave
Shikkotsu Forest


What language is the song "Fallen Heroes" in Akame ga Kill?

The vocalist on "Le chant de Roma" is Maïa Barouh. After dredging through her various social media accounts, I found the following exchange on her Facebook page:

  Antoine Prt Maïa Barouh, quelle est la langue utilisée dans ce morceau ? :)

    Maïa Barouh Du gromeleu :p une langue inventée

"langue inventée" - that is, an invented language. Straight from the horse's mouth.

(Of course, the piece's lyricist certainly would have taken inspiration from various real languages, but I think it's fair to say that the text of "Le chant de Roma" is not, itself, in any real language.)


Did Merus lose Ultra Instinct when he lost his inmortality?

From Dragon Ball Wiki - Merus,

Upon being revived by the Grand Minister, all of Merus' Angel capacities were removed, including his immortality and divine powers, making him mortal [and now] being known as Merus Ikanoichiyabosshi. While nowhere near as strong as his Angel form, Merus is still extremely powerful and capable of using the Autonomous Ultra Instinct ability, being able to even take on the likes of the Transformed Moro thanks to it.


What is the difference between No jutsu and Ninjutsu?

First of all, jutsu (術) means "technique", "skill", "method", "trick" or "spell".

A ninjutsu (忍術, lit. "ninja techniques") is one of the three types of jutsu that exist in Naruto. This answer defines it as

  a term referring to almost any technique which allows the user to do something that they otherwise would be incapable of doing, including the usage of weapons.

As for "no jutsu" (の術): "no" (の) is a Japanese particle that, in this case, indicates possessive, and jutsu is explained above. That means that the expression "... no Jutsu" means "Technique of ..." or "... Technique".
In that way, Kage Bunshin no Jutsu (影分身の術) is translated to Shadow Clone Technique and Kuchiyose no Jutsu (口寄せの術) is translated to Summoning Technique.
And yes, these two are Ninjutsu.


Why is there an exclamation mark between 'Butler' and 'Grell'?

In most fandom the exclamation point is used to indicate a particular style of a character in a series. It's mostly used when characters have episodes or even arcs where they wear a particular outfit like a armor, transformations, or even a disguise.

Most fandom is sustained by avid attention from fans for characters that they like so it helps to distinguish from things like tutor, easter bunny and classic sebastian.

Different fandoms use different notations. But they overall serve the same purpose.


That sounds like Wild Cardz, known in Japan as "Jaja Uma Quartet". It was an old Central Park Media release. The dub stars Apollo Smile as Coco Hearts.

As you remember, it began with a scene of the main character, Jo Diamonds, the brown-haired girl in the center, sleeping on a hill. Most of the OVA involved her chasing two giant chess pieces that were somehow the key to ultimate power. Opposing her was some random sexy woman, and this fellow:

Here's a picture of them together. I couldn't find it without the caption. Just ignore it. Wild Cardz is really awesome.

The other characters on the DVD cover are her allies, Coco Hearts (the blonde with cat ears), Casa Clubs (the girl with purple hair and dark skin), and Sunday Spades (the girl with short teal-hair). None of them really did much.

The scene where Jo is floating in a white void happens towards the end after some kind of big explosion. It happens for basically no reason, like pretty much everything in this show. At some time after that, Sunday Spades finally unleashes her true power, which is to make a big explosion and also blow off all her own clothes and make her hair grow really long. Here's a (NSFW) picture of that:

If you decide that you want to watch this, you can get the DVDs from Right Stuf for $8. Since it's so old, there's no legal streams or digital versions, and since it's so bad, I doubt anyone is going to license rescue it.


This is nothing unique to all-out. This is infact so common in Anime that Tv Tropes has a page dedicated to it.

You've been warned, TV Tropes link - Anime Hair. Take a look at the image of Yugi from Yu-Gi-Oh.

Find below the excerpt from TV Tropes

  Usually, the most important characters of the story will have wild spikes or a cool-looking hairdo in order to stand out among the crowd. It also helps to create a distinctive silhouette that will stand out in branding, media, and merchandise. It may be one or more different colors that don't appear naturally in real humans (blue is a popular choice). Sometimes the hair appears semi-transparent, with the character's eyes visible through it, although this presumably represents hair fine enough that it isn't completely obscuring, rather than anything outré. Anime Hair is very common among protagonists of anime/manga for the Shōnen (Demographic), although the trend seems to be headed to more plausible styles: compare Son Goku's hair to Ichigo's.


Who is this character being cosplayed in Japan Expo 2014?

This is Aion cosplay, those wings she wearing are Hyperion Wings.

She's (Of') part of a French cosplay group called "Les Cosplayeuses Emplumées."