Which episode to start watching One Piece from to see Ace and WhiteBeard getting involved?

It's difficult to give an objective answer, so I'll summarize the arcs to give you an understanding where you should start watching without giving too much spoiler. I'll stick to recurring characters and exclude filler arcs, as I haven't watched those. For the exact episode numbers refer to this page.

If you want to skip to where all the big badass characters like Ace and WhiteBeard are involved you should skip to the Marineford Arc. In that arc you will see an all-out war going down between Whitebeard and the Marines to save Ace. I would recommend you to start at the Sabaody Archipelago Arc though, where a lot of new characters were introduced that will recur in the story. You could skip inbetween arcs if you want. If you would do so, you'd only have missed the introduction of Franky and Brook and the backstory on Robin.

East Blue

  First half of the Straw Hat pirates are introduced.

Romance Dawn Arc:

Introduction of Luffy, Zoro, Coby, Red Hair pirates, (Alvida and Helmeppo).
Luffy rescues Coby and Zoro from the marines.

Orange Town Arc:

Introduction of Nami, Buggy (and his pirates).
Strawhat pirates vs Buggy pirates.

Syrup Village Arc:

Introduction of Usopp, Going Merry, (and Jango).
Strawhat pirates vs Black Cat pirates.

Baratie Arc:

Introduction of Sanji, Mihawk, (Fullbody, Johnny and Yosaku).
Strawhat pirates vs Krieg Pirates.

Arlong Park Arc:

Introduction of Arlong, Hachi, (and Mohmoo).
Backstory on Nami and Strawhat pirates vs Arlong pirates.

Loguetown Arc:

Introduction of Smoker, Tashigi and Dragon.
Luffy will be Pirate King.

Alabasta

  Robin and Chopper join the crew.

Reverse Mountain Arc:

Introduction of Laboon, Crocus and the Rumbar pirates.
Strawhat pirates enter the grand line.

Whiskey Peak Arc:

Introduction of Baroque Works and Vivi.
Zoro vs Baroque Works.

Little Garden Arc:

Introduction of Mr 3 and two giants of Elbaf, Dorry and Brogy.
Strawhat pirates vs Baroque Works.

Drum Island Arc:

Introduction of Chopper.
Strawhat pirates vs king Wapol.

Alabasta Arc:

Introduction of Robin, Mr 2, Mr 1, Crocodile, Ace.
Strawhat pirates vs Baroque Works.

Sky Island

  Introduction of some of those bad-ass characters.

Jaya Arc:

Introduction of Sengoku, Tsuru, Kuma, Doflamingo, Gorosei, Whitebeard pirates, Blackbeard pirates and Noland.
Getting ready to go to Skypiea.

Skypiea Arc:

Introduction of sky islands.
Strawhat pirates vs god Enel and his priests.

Water 7

  Franky joins the crew.

Long Ring Long Land Arc:

Introduction of Aokiji.
Strawhat pirates vs Foxy pirates.

Water 7 Arc:

Introduction of Franky, Sogeking, Thousand Sunny, (Spandam and CP9).
Strawhat pirates vs Franky Family
Luffy vs Usopp
Sanji, Sogeking and Franky vs CP9.

Enies Lobby Arc:

Backstory on Robin and Strawhats learn new battle techniques.
Strawhat pirates vs CP9.

Post-Enies Lobby Arc:

Introduction of Garp and Dadan.
Ace vs Blackbeard.

Thriller Bark

  Brook joins the crew.

Thriller Bark Arc:

Introduction of Brook, Moriah, (Perona, and Lola).
Strawhat pirates vs warlord Moriah
Strawhat pirates vs Kuma.

Summit War

  Shit goes down.

Sabaody Archipelago Arc:

Introduction of Duval, Kizaru, Rayleigh, the Eleven Supernovas, World Nobels, (Fisher Tiger and his Sun pirates).
Strawhat pirates vs Rosy Life Riders.
Eleven Supernovas vs admiral Kizaru and Pacifista.
Strawhat pirates vs admiral Kizaru.

Amazon Lily Arc:

Introduction of Boa Hancock.
Luffy finds out Ace has been imprisoned by the Marines.

Impel Down Arc:

Introduction of Jinbe, Ivankov and Magellan.
Luffy brings chaos to Impel Down prison.

Marineford Arc:

Introduction of Akainu, Blackeard's new crewmembers.
All-out-war of Whitebeard pirates and their allies vs the marines and the shichibukai in order to save Ace from execution.

Post-War Arc:

Introduction of Sabo and Haki.
Backstory on Luffy, Ace and Sabo.
Three year training-timeskip of the Strawhat pirates.

Fishman Island

  A glimps of the new techniques the Strawhats learned during the timeskip.

Return to Sabaody Arc:

Strawhat pirates regroup after their training.

Fishman Island Arc:

Introduction of Shirahoshi, Big Mom and Koala.
Strawhat pirates vs New Fishman Pirates.
Backstory on the Sun pirates.

Pirate Alliance

  Doflamingo doing a lot of sick shit.

Punk Hazard Arc:

Introduction of Dr. Vegapunk, Caesar Clown, Kaido, Kin'emon and Momonosuke.
Strawhat pirates and Heart pirates form an alliance.
Strawhat pirates and Law vs Caesar and the Donquixote pirates.

Dressrosa Arc (ongoing):

Introduction of Tontatta, CP0, Fujitora, Bartolomeo, and A LOT of other characters that might make a recurrence in future arcs.
Strawhat pirates vs Donquixote pirates.


Like Madara mentioned, it's really impossible to say at this point. From what I remember from that brief moment in the manga, the silhouette of the Soul King kind of looked like Aizen's pre-butterfly state.

Aizen also called "it" a "thing," so it might not be a Shinigami.


Are there persons born with more than one quirk aside artificially made creatures?

It's strongly suggested that many of the holders of One For All had a Quirk of their own, with Deku being an exception rather than the norm, but that's a similar process to the one that created Nomu so I don't know if you'd count that.

Other than that, the show doesn't really suggest that having more than one Quirk is something that normally happens, although a single Quirk may have multiple facets (e.g. Todoroki having both ice and fire powers, or the fact that many people have unusual bodies in addition to their Quirks).


Why do Manga & Anime defuse tragic situations so often?

From your comments, I gather you don't like the use of Anti-Climax in M&A as a medium. Though it can be jarring, Anti Climax can be great if used correctly.

  Anticlimaxes can work well if it's clear that the subversion of audience expectations is the point, either for humorous purposes (such as the Anticlimax Cut) or as a more serious commentary on the genre of the work. If the Anticlimax is unintentional, however, or if the author's purpose just isn't sufficiently clear to the audience, the result is serious audience frustration. Use caution.

I think the root cause of this problem is discussed quite well on TV Tropes.

  Not all anticlimaxes are intentional, though. Oftentimes, they are caused when the story writes itself into a corner. Other times, it's caused when the writer realizes that their planned solution just wouldn't make sense compared with the logical one. Sometimes, it's caused when there are teams of writers that don't communicate very well. The planned resolution of a Story Arc is nullified by another writer, who might have written out the plot device intended. Sometimes, in the case of film and television, it's caused by budget constraints or unexpected cancellation. It's rather rare for unintentional anticlimaxes to show up in single works, usually popping up in long serials where there isn't a chance to unobtrusively go back and rewrite some pivotal moments to set up the proper climax.

The problems stated above are quite common in the Manga and Anime industry and thus as you seem to have found out can lead to disappointing endings to a great story.

Source: You've been warned TV Tropes link. Anti Climax


In Sword Art Online, was it not possible to force a logout?

No, it was not possible for the police to force a logout from the backend. The players were connected to the game using Nervegear.
Nervegear connected to the player using microwaves, allowing the player to be “attached to the game.” Their mind was the controller. Imagine a corded Xbox controller that self-destructs when unplugged... the internal battery in the gear prevented the player from disconnecting without being killed.
Even if the servers were blown up, the headset would kill the players.
And no, there was no way to update the game to make logging out possible. In Episode 12, "Yui’s Heart", it's revealed that the game is self-contained and would not have allowed an outside update.
If the game had been designed to be accessible from the outside, then an update to allow the players to log out would have been possible, but it was designed so the players could not log out. There was even a spot for the logout on the menu, but it was removed and the players were stuck.


what happens if Amaterasu is cast on another Amaterasu?

To first answer this question; we must first look into "What can turn off Amaterasu"

Amaterasu lasts 7 days and 7 nights
Amaterasu can be turned off by the user's will
Amaterasu is turned off when the material projected onto it has been burned

With that being said, Amaterasu 2 will not "burn out" Amaterasu 1, they will simply burn for 7 days and 7 nights before they will both cease to exist.
Here you can read more about Amaterasu


Throughout the anime there are a few scenes of Bunta racing solo, and as the other answer stated, there is one scene where Bunta "races" Takumi after getting his WRX, though it wasn't a proper race (more of an impromptu battle), and Takumi didn't know it was Bunta.

As far as I can remember, there were no actual races with Bunta in. I could be wrong, but I don't think there are.


Depending on your definition of filler, I would say yes, there are indeed filler arcs in manga.

I say this for a few reasons.

The other answer on here as I write this assumes that the manga is always the original content, which is untrue. While that's the most common way to do things (adapt manga into anime) there are certainly cases of adapting anime into manga form (for example, Madoka Magica).
Consider this TV Tropes page. It offers a few definitions of filler. One is something that "isn't in the source material." However it could also be considered something "unrelated to the main plot," which doesn't necessarily mean that filler arcs are exclusive a specific adaptation.

For example, consider the Excalibur arcs in the Soul Eater manga, which also appear (almost verbatim in some cases) in the anime. They have no practical effect on the overall story - they exist simply for comedic effect. If you skipped those chapters, the overall story would not really lose anything.

Therefore, yes, manga can have filler, because filler can be defined as anything which does not have a direct effect on the main story.


How closely related do two Uchihas have to be in order for one to obtain the Eternal Mangekyō Sharingan?

The answer to this question is that there is not enough evidence to answer this question correctly without any speculation.

Throughout the series, Uchiha Madara and Uchiha Sasuke are the only ones to obtain Eternal Mangekyou Sharingan. Both obtained it by transplanting their brothers' eyes and both of their brothers have obtained Mangekyou Sharingan before the transplatation happened. Thus, we can't say for sure whether transplanting other close relatives eyes would work or not.

Genetically speaking, a child is genetically 50% of his mother and 50% of his father. Him and his sibling can be more similar in case of a identical twin. But most of the time, they would be genetically more distant. A child would most likely have a different sets of chromosome compared to his sibling. Because of this, the genetic similarity between siblings vary.

If we are to take Madara and Sasuke's case as the base for our hypothesis, then transplantation between a child and his parents should work. Transplanting from grandparents should also work since they are 25% genetically similar. Transplanting from Aunt or Uncle might work, depending on how similar they are to the recipient genetically. The further away they are genetically, the less chance for it to work. That is if we take that Eternal Mangekyou Sharingan requires Mangekyou Sharingan from a close relative.


Why do anime/manga characters have big eyes?

Anime characters having large eyes is generally attributed to Osamu Tezuka{1}, an artist prolific enough to be called the "father of manga", and the creator of Astro Boy, the source of the image you shared in your question (among other manga).

At the time of Astro Boy (1952), Tezuka was inspired by precursors in animation, largely those of Walt Disney, but including others as well, before adapting them to a more Japanese stylization. Two such characters who served as inspiration were Mickey Mouse and Betty Boop:

It is from Astro Boy and Tezuka's other works that a lot of modern manga and anime style evolved, and the big eyes are one of the things that stuck around. Fred Ladd, the man responsible for bringing Astro Boy to the United States, corroborates this, saying that Betty Boop was indeed one of Tezuka's favorite characters. The "runaway" success of Astro Boy was what led other studios to imitate Tezuka's style.{2}

It is also the case that the large eyes tend to look "cuter", much like they were intended to on characters like Mickey Mouse and Bambi. This continues in anime and manga; younger characters tend to have the largest, "cutest" eyes, while older characters generally have smaller (and often sharper) eyes, which can be seen in this image containing Hunter x Hunter characters:

So, while the style Tezuka used—which has carried on in new anime and manga media ever since—was largely based on Western animation style, the eyes can still serve as a good way to indicate personality or the feel of the character that the viewer is supposed to have.

Sources and other Links

Wikipedia sources this to "Watching Anime, Reading Manga: 25 Years of Essays and Reviews".
MIT Anime Resources: Big Eyes (2008-07-23)
TVTropes on Anime (a very brief mention)
Wikipedia on anime eye styles


What Japanese animation was the first to be an international success?

A good guess is probably Katsuhiro Otomo's Akira. It was released in 1988 and had a worldwide theatrical release in more than 10 countries and at least 9 languages.

The Akira wiki page notes:

  The title has been regarded as one of the greatest animated movies of all time and prompted an increase in popularity of anime movies in the US and, generally, outside of Japan. It is still admired for its exceptional visuals. In Channel 4's 2005 poll of the 100 greatest cartoons of all time featuring both cartoon shows and cartoon movies,

and

  The film led the way for the growth of popularity of anime outside of Japan. Akira is considered a forerunner of the second wave of anime fandom that began in the early 1990s and has gained a massive cult following since then. Akira has also been cited as a major influence on live-action films ranging from The Matrix to Chronicle.

The History of Anime wiki page also notes:

  Despite the failure of Akira in Japan, it brought with it a much larger international fan base for anime. When shown overseas, the film became a cult hit and, eventually, a symbol of the medium for the West.

More info:

The Guardian - Akira: the future-Tokyo story that brought anime west
Anime News Network.

There was some mention of Dragonball, but the first of those movies were released in 1986 and none of the first ones had international releases.


Is the strange reproductive process in The Twelve Kingdoms based on a myth or legend?

I touch on this in my answer to your other question. Eastern and Buddhist myths often use the cosmic egg to explain creation. In Chinese mythology, it is Pangu who hatches from the egg. In Hindu mythology, it is Brahma. In Buddhism, Buddha himself is depicted as hatching from the egg as seen below.

The myth of the World Tree is another that pervades religion.


What is the name of the song that is played during Frieza's regeneration in Dragon Ball Z : Resurrection F?

The song you are looking for is titled 'F' and is performed by Maximum the Hormone.


Unfortunately, the details behind his survival are not mentioned in the original novels either as he is a minor character. Therefore, all they wrote is that he survived, that is all.

  Xandes survived the encounter, and at the beginning of the next year he joins Hilmes's Army of Parsians after the latter is task by Guiscard to subdue the rebellious Temple Knights of Bodin.

My first intuition is that, judging from the fact that he can swing such giant weapons, it shows he does have amazing physical strength and probably dexterity and this allowed him to survive a non-fatal arrow to the shoulder and get back to Hilmes.

  Xandes carries a very large sword and stated that he is a great warrior.

My second guess would be Arzhang saving him after he fell off the cliff, like how he saved Hilmes in the 2nd last episode. Arzhang also collected Xandes after he was wounded in his duel with Daryun, so we can say that Arzhang probably saved him when he was hit by the arrow.


What is the in-universe chronological order of the Monogatari Series?

Overview and date convention
The first three seasons1 of Monogatari series generally takes place in the one-year period between the start of the third year of high school of Araragi Koyomi (March, Year 0) and one month after his graduation (April, Year +1).
Note that it is the general trend; the stories may refer to events before the time period above. One story even takes place mostly in an alternate universe.
1 The first 3 seasons are named First Season, Second Season and Final Season. The 4th season, named Next Season, has been announced at the end of Zoku-Owarimonogatari.
The details below are mostly referenced and translated from ja.Wikipedia article of Monogatari Series.
Summary
The chapters in each book are ordered chronologically, so if you don't want to be spoiled, the list below should be sufficient:

[3,-] Kizumonogatari

[6,3] Nekomonogatari (Black)

[1,1a] Bakemonogatari (Volume 1)

[2,1b] Bakemonogatari (Volume 2)

[4,2a] Nisemonogatari (Volume 1)

[5,2b] Nisemonogatari (Volume 2)

[8,4b] Kabukimonogatari

[7,4a] Nekomonogatari (White) parallel to
[11,4d] Onimonogatari → [16,-] Owarimonogatari (Volume 2)

[15,-] Owarimonogatari (Volume 1)

[10,4c] Otorimonogatari

[12,4e] Koimonogatari

[13,6] Tsukimonogatari

[14,-] Koyomimonogatari†

[17,-] Owarimonogatari (Volume 3)

[18,-] Zoku-Owarimonogatari

[9,5] Hanamonogatari

† See Final Season section for more details. Ordering is based on the main events.
The first number in bracket is the light novel publish order, and the second number is the anime airing order. So far, the anime generally follows the light novel publish order and the chapter order in each volume, except for Kizumonogatari and Hanamonogatari.

/!\ Spoiler Warning
Although the details have been kept to minimum, the titles of the chapters and the footnotes may contain spoilers.

First Season
The first season takes place between March 25, Year 0 to August 14, Year 0. It generally introduces the main cast and how they get involved with the apparitions.

March 25th - April 8th: Koyomi Vamp/Kizumonogatari
April 29th - May 7th: Tsubasa Family/Nekomonogatari (Black)
May 8th: Hitagi Crab/Bakemonogatari (Volume 1)
May 14th: Mayoi Snail/Bakemonogatari (Volume 1)
May 23rd - May 27th2: Suruga Monkey/Bakemonogatari (Volume 1)
June 11th - June 12th: Nadeko Snake/Bakemonogatari (Volume 2)
June 13th - June 16th: Tsubasa Cat/Bakemonogatari (Volume 2)
July 29th - July 30th: Karen Bee/Nisemonogatari (Volume 1)
August 14th: Tsukihi Phoenix/Nisemonogatari (Volume 2)

2 The dates are derived from the fact that May 14th, when Araragi started going out with Senjougahara, was a Sunday, and Araragi got attacked on a Friday in May which was about 2 weeks since he started dating.
Second Season
The Second Season takes place between August 20th, Year 0 and April 21st, Year 1. However, one can argue that the core of this season only extends up to February 1st, Year 1, since the events in Hanamonogatari is quite removed from the rest of the stories.
The Second Season introduces Oshino Ougi and foreshadows her involvement behind the apparition incidents.

August 20th - August 21st3: Mayoi Kyonshi/Kabukimonogatari
August 21st - August 24th (Koyomi appeared at the end after Shinobu Mail): Tsubasa Tiger/Nekomonogatari (White)
August 21st - August 23rd4 (right after Mayoi Kyonshi): Shinobu Time/Onimonogatari
October 31st - November 2nd: Nadeko Medusa/Otorimonogatari
January 1st (Year 1) - February 1st: Hitagi End/Koimonogatari
April 9th - April 21st: Suruga Devil/Hanamonogatari

3 On August 21st, they time-slipped back 11 years ago, then returned to August 21st on different route, spent their time there until August 26th, then jumped back to August 21st of their original route.
4 Plus an event in late December, where Koyomi told the whole story of how Mayoi disappeared to Ougi.
The period of August 21st to August 24th consists of events happening in parallel from 4 chapters, three in Second Season and one in Final Season. Araragi involved in all four of them, and he resolved one problem just to get caught up in another in the order listed.
Final Season
Chapters in Koyomimonogatari are all over the place in the timeline, with the earliest in April 11th, Year 0, just after the events in Koyomi Vamp/Kizumonogatari and the latest in March 13th, Year 1. However, not all chapters in the book are relevant to the core story in Final Season.
The Final Season mainly takes place between August 23rd, Year 0 and March 18th, Year 1. This season mostly centers around Oshino Ougi and fills in the void left by the Second Season. Note that the time period in Final Season intersects with the period in the Second Season.

August 23rd - August 24th (after Shinobu Time and parallel with Tsubasa Tiger)5: Shinobu Mail/Owarimonogatari (Volume 2)
October 23rd (or 24th)6: Ougi Formula/Owarimonogatari (Volume 1)
October 24th (or 25th)6: Sodachi Riddle/Owarimonogatari (Volume 1)
October 25th (or 26th)6 (before Nadeko Medusa): Sodachi Lost/Owarimonogatari (Volume 1)
November 1st (before Nadeko became god in Nadeko Medusa): Koyomi Mountain/Koyomimonogatari
Mid January, Year 1 (during Hitagi End): Koyomi Seed/Koyomimonogatari
February 13th - February 14th (after Hitagi End): Yotsugi Doll/Tsukimonogatari
February - Late February: Koyomi Nothing/Koyomimonogatari
March 13th: Koyomi Dead/Koyomimonogatari
March 13th (right after Koyomi Dead): Mayoi Hell/Owarimonogatari (Volume 3)
March 14th: Hitagi Rendezvous/Owarimonogatari (Volume 3)
March 14th - March 15th (right after Hitagi Rendezvous): Ougi Dark/Owarimonogatari (Volume 3)
March 15th - March 18th (right after Ougi Dark, and before Suruga Devil): Koyomi Reverse/Zoku-Owarimonogatari

5 Plus an event on March 13th, where Koyomi told the whole incident to Ougi. This event takes place before Koyomi Dead, which is on the same day.
6 Given that these events take place in late October, and that Koyomi had been to school 5 days in a row, including the possibility of Naoetsugu High School having class on Saturday, since a different story had been set to take place in the week after, the events can only take place on either dates.
Here are the rest of the side stories in Koyomimonogatari and their relative position in the timeline:

April 11th - April 12th, Year 0 (after Koyomi Vamp): Koyomi Stone/Koyomimonogatari
May 9th - May 10th (after Hitagi Crab): Koyomi Flower/Koyomimonogatari
June (after Tsubasa Cat): Koyomi Sand/Koyomimonogatari
Certain weekend in July (before Karen Bee7): Koyomi Water/Koyomimonogatari
Early August (after Karen Bee and before Tsukihi Phoenix): Koyomi Wind/Koyomimonogatari
Late September (after Shinobu Mail): Koyomi Tree/Koyomimonogatari
Certain weekday in October (before Ougi Formula): Koyomi Tea/Koyomimonogatari
December, Year 0 (after Nadeko Medusa and before Hitagi End): Koyomi Torus/Koyomimonogatari

7 Since it was the second time Koyomi cleaned Kanbaru's room, the story has to take place before Karen Bee.


Why does Gilgamesh's casual appearance look different in different routes?

I never play Fate/stay night until the end but know a little, I think it's more like "he has anything in his vault and willing to wear casual clothes, so let's make him stylish" sort kind of thing. Because as I know, other servants don't even wear "normal casual" clothes as much as Gilgamesh, they pretty much always use their astral dress/clothes which is very(?) strong/sturdy (in the case with Saber's dress that can block certain magical attacks).

As for the reason why Gilgamesh wear casual clothes much, I think it's to emphasize his arrogance, I mean he is a king and think himself the most powerful entity in their universe, and mostly because he is ranged-type because most of the time he just throw whatever in his vault, even his strongest weapon Ea isn't melee-type weapon like Lancer's noble phantasm Gae Bolg: barbed spear that pierces with death or even Caster's Rule Breaker or Assassin's Tsubame Gaeshi.


What's the song playing while kakashi and his dad are talking? (episode 175)

j’attends - ol’ dirty digger, you can hear full version here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn4BF2TMawQ
Also for the future, you can use the Shazam app too.


Are the Japanese and US releases of the Yu-Gi-Oh! manga the same?

The editor of the English Version of the Manga, Jason Thompson stated that the licensing of the Yu-Gi-Oh! manga had not been entirely coordinated, so Viz decided to use many of the original character names and to "keep it more or less violent and gory." Thompson said that the manga "was almost unchanged from the Japanese original." Because the core fanbase of the series was, according to Thompson, "8-year-old boys (and a few incredible fangirls)," and because the series had little interest from "hardcore, Japanese-speaking fans, the kind who run scanlation sites and post on message boards" as the series was perceived to be "too mainstream," the Viz editors allowed Thompson "a surprising amount of leeway with the translation." Thompson said he hoped that he did not "abuse" the leeway he was given. In a 2004 interview, the editors of the United States Shonen Jump mentioned that Americans were surprised when reading the stories in Volumes 1 through 7, as they had not appeared on television as a part of the Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters anime. Takahashi added "The story is quite violent, isn't it? [laughs]"Source


Why King was needed as a decoy to grab the attention of elder centipede?

Actually, it was not King himself that was needed. In Chapter 82, you'll read the following dialogue:

  They say Centichoro cooperates with the Monster Association so he can get revenge against Blast...

Remember that it was not King himself that made Centichoro go after him but rather, it was after he mentioned Blast. King said that he brought Blast with him and after taunting Centichoro that he was too afraid to face Blast, Centichoro, presumably angered, went after him, thinking Blast was with him.

To conclude, King himself was not specifically needed for the task. It was his lie that Blast was there that distracted Centichoro since Centichoro apparently wants to get revenge upon Blast. Centichoro probably would not have wanted to miss the chance to get even so after hearing that Blast was there, he charged towards him. Saitama used Centichoro's hatred towards Blast against him, resulting to his defeat.


What is Pluton and its relation with the Void Century?

Pluton is one of the 3 Ancient Weapons capable of mass destruction. The other 2 are Poseidon (currently Shirahoshi) and the ancient ship, Pluton.

Uranus is not shown yet but if speculations are to be considered, it is said that it is a giant machine that can eradicate a single country.

Void Century as its name implies, a century that is hidden by the World Government to the public. It is a century where the 20 kingdoms fought against the "D" and won. After the War, they've joined together and formed the World Government as their acting police and their descendants are the Celestial Dragons. The only exception was the Nefertari family who refused to join them in Mariejois, the holy land of the Celestial Dragons.

Not much is known what happened during the void century because it is clouded in mystery. Only a few people are known to have knowledge about it, including the Ohara people where Robin came from, and Roger himself.

It is heavily implied that the Void Century, D, and Poneglyphs are heavily connected.


Is Unohana's compassion for others just an act?

Unohana was the First Kenpachi several members of the 11th Division fear her, and so do a few of her fellow captains, according to the former captains of the 5th and 7th Divisions.

No captain wants to get on her 'Bad Side' as -

Spoiler -

   Retsu Unohana (卯ノ花 烈, Unohana Retsu), formerly known as Yachiru Unohana (卯ノ花 八千流, Unohana Yachiru), was the captain of the Fourth Division in the Gotei 13. She was one of the oldest and most experienced captains, and was the Soul Society's best healer, as well as the first person to wield the name Kenpachi.[2] Her lieutenant was Isane Kotetsu.

source - http://bleach.wikia.com/wiki/Retsu_Unohana

And there's no information to be found about wether or not she's faking her compassion, however I was able to find -

Spoiler Alert -

   However, after the revelation of her past as the first Kenpachi and Shunsui Kyōraku calling on her to draw on her experience from then, Unohana's personality reverts to her original violent and bloodthirsty nature; once she meets with Kenpachi Zaraki, she comments how the scar left on her chest was causing her pain just from the sound of his voice.

Emphasis is mine,
source - http://bleach.wikia.com/wiki/Retsu_Unohana

   Some point in the past, she named herself Yachiru Unohana[13] and was known as the most diabolical criminal to ever exist in Soul Society.[14] Genryūsai Shigekuni Yamamoto sought her out and she joined him, becoming one of the founding members of the Gotei 13. Unohana laid the foundations of what would be known as the 11th Division and became its first captain, as well as the first Kenpachi. At some point in the past, Unohana was taught medical techniques by Tenjirō Kirinji as a way of prolonging fights

source - http://bleach.wikia.com/wiki/Retsu_Unohana

The quotes above would indicate that, somehow she has had a change of heart after joining the Gotei 13 & founding the 11th Division, but somehow still shows her more menacing side.


Manga where NEET is forced to go to high school to gather information about girl

It is Doubt! by Sakuya Amano.

Not to be confused with an entirely different series Doubt by Yoshiki Tonogai

Synopsis

  Ichiru Kanzaki is given an offer he can't refuse: to clear his entire debt, he has to enroll in the high school where his father works to track down his father's illegitimate daughter, his own younger half-sister, whom he has never met. But which girl is she?

The description in the question matches the events in chapter 1 of the manga.

Below are two pages towards the end of the chapter, showing the main character's mother and her background (owner of a men's club and well-known by the police).


How come there are still Quincies if the whole race was wiped out?

because the entire race being wiped out was an exaggeration.

first off we know at the start of the series there were some Quincy still around such as as Uryu was being trained by his grand father Soken while Uryu's father was "retired" from being a Quincy so it's clear that they hadn't been all wiped out, more so we later learn that

   Ichigo's mother Masaki is a Quincy

so the survivors from when they were "wiped out" was not limited to a single family

in the 1000 Year Blood War Arc we find out that hundreds of years before the Quincy was wiped out there was another conflict between the Quincy and the Soul Reapers in which the Quincy Progenitor, Yhwach, lost his powers after this battle and didn't resurrect for 990 years (900 years for his body to revive and 90 years to regain intellect) +9 more years for him regaining his former powers.

  About 1,000 years ago, under unknown circumstances, Genryūsai Shigekuni Yamamoto failed to kill him. Sometime around or during the course of this event, Yhwach witnessed the capabilities of Yamamoto's Bankai, Zanka no Tachi. After his battle with Yamamoto, Yhwach supposedly lost his powers. Quincy folklore spoke of him as "The Sealed King": after 900 years of being sealed, he would regain his pulse; after another 90, he would regain his intellect; and after 9 more years, he would absorb the power of every "impure" Quincy to make their abilities his own.

Source: Yhwach > History (4th Paragraph)

after Yhwach's defeat the remainder of the Quincy who followed him went into hiding in the Seireitei and used the Reishi to create a invisible space where they hid waiting for Yhwach's return, these Quincy were called the Wandenreich.

Since the Wandenreich was hidden from the Soul Reaperd and keeping a low profile, they weren't apart of the group that threatened the balance almost 800 years later which lead the Soul Reapers to "wipe them out". so even if it was a full genocide by the Soul Reapers there was always going to be Quincy left in the Wandenreich.

also Yhwach has the power to share his soul which is then used to cultivate the Quincy powers in that person before he takes back the the part of his soul he shared, so as long as Yhwach exists the Quincy can be reborn


What was the first English-speaking anime fangroup?

According to interviews with co-founder Fred Patten, the Cartoon/Fantasy Organization (C/FO) was the first anime/manga fanclub set up in 1977. Based in Los Angeles, the group started expanding into several spin-off groups in the 80s, including another major group in New York:

  1980s C/FO New York meeting.

Most ways of accessing anime & manga were limited back then. You either had to know someone over in Japan, or visit one of very few Japanese bookshops. Nearly none of which having English translations.

(src)

Whilst there may have been some small gatherings of friends before the C/FO, it was the first group to be open to the general public.

Many of the early members of the C/FO became prominent figures in the emergence of furry fandom.

Unfortunately, due to political in-fighting the splinter groups gradually ceased to exist, leaving only the original L.A. branch active. Their current website was last updated in 2013.

Even today, Los Angeles is one of the most important places in english-speaking territory for anime, hosting one of the largest conventions - Anime Expo


What position does the village chief have when he's not a kappa?

This is purely a prediction on my part. I did not read the books nor comic if the true identity was revealed, though I believe many of the mysteries in the series is best to be left unexplained.

First, an analysis.

Village Chief is someone of great influence, able to influence the Minister of Development against the biggest developing firm, Ichinomiya. He has access to high quality and bizarre items (his fanned suit) and great wealth (enough to compensate for whatever the Ichinomiya group was chipping in for the minister), but he somehow chose to seclude himself from the society.

He does not have a particular tone besides random kappa related statements, seems not to have been raised in a particular way, and is well accustomed to the society when required to. He is well respected in the under bridge and regarded by everyone, especially sister, as a dependable person. The two times we've seen him in his usual self, however, he seemed particularly skillful in infiltration (coming in behind Shimazaki in a supposedly off limit office without her realising) and intimidation (threatened to kill). Threaten to kill is a peculiar trait as it is vastly different from Ichinomiya's way of intimidation via social and financial impact. It shows that he does things differently from politicians and businessmen. At final speech of Minister of Development, when asked by his subordinate who is he, he answered, "It's better for you not to know". Of both the time he appears, he wears a kimono. During season 2, we also gain insight that he is about the same age group (middle age) as Shiro (discussion about health and argument) and he is bad with group work (refuse to stay a week with the team, not a team player, more of leader or someone who simply gives orders rather than receiving them).

So there, Village Chief is/was a wealthy, influential person. He has great leadership, is mostly a lone wolf and does not shy away from intimidation by death. He also does not have speech traits, is well accustomed to society and wears mostly a kimono.

Remember Jacqueline when Billy did not come for their anniversary? She changed into a kimono when decided to head back and kill the head of the bird gang leader if something were to come to Billy. Kimono is something that Japanese mafia are obsessed with.

If I am to guess, he is/was the head of a big, dangerous mafia gang which has lots of financial background and ties on different background. Its influence and financial ground is at least on par with Ichinomiya group. I couldn't predict why he left, there is just too many possibilities without any ground to go on. He could be retired, betrayed, still on a relatively hands-off business with the gang, mafia dissolved, etc etc....


How many Dragons are there in total in Fairy Tail?

According to the Fairy Tail wiki, there are 18 Dragons who have been given a name.

   However in the Grand Magic Games arc we learn that 400 years ago the world was ruled by dragons. Many a Dragon were slain, and thus, the humans became known as Dragon Slayers.

Dragons with titles:

Igneel - The Fire Dragon King
Metalicana - The Iron Dragon
Grandeeney - The Sky Dragon
Acnologia - The Black Dragon (The Black Dragon of the Apocalypse)
Weisslogia - The White Dragon
Skiadrum - The Shadow Dragon
Zirconis - The Jade Dragon
Atlas Flame - The Fire Dragon
Belserion - The Sage Dragon
Irene Belserion - Queen of Dragons
Elefseria - The Law Dragon
Mercuphobia - The Water God Dragon

Other named Dragons:

Motherglare
Scissor Runner
Levia
Dark Dragon
Rock Dragon
Animus


How did the villagers know about Naruto being the Kyuubi's jinchuriki?

The villagers know that Naruto is the Kyuubi's Jinchuriki because Sarutobi Hiruzen told them!

Here's why: In one of the earliest chapters, Hiruzen tells Iruka that the Fourth Hokage had died hoping the villagers would see Naruto as a hero, who sealed the Kyuubi. The only way Hiruzen could make it happen is by telling the villagers that Naruto was the kid that the Fourth Hokage sealed the Kyuubi into.

However, he decided not to reveal Naruto's relation to the Fourth Hokage. Note also that Kushina's pregnancy was a highly classified information, known only to Hiruzen, Biwako, Minato, a few ANBU members and some others. Hiruzen could have made up a story that Naruto was a random kid that Minato picked to seal the Kyuubi (or something like that), and few would have suspected or questioned him.

PS: A little plot hole there is that on growing up, Naruto's close resemblance to Minato, along with the Kyuubi story, should have raised a few eyebrows, but Kishimoto probably decided it was not important enough for the "plot" to require an explanation.


What did Kiritsugu do when he left Fuyuki?

Kiritsugu didn't return to his old profession, but rather he was trying to see Ilya again and his trips were him going back to the old Einzbern castle.

At the end of Fate/Zero, when he was killing the illusions of Iris and Ilya which Angra Mainyu used to speak to Kiritsugu, Angra Mainyu cursed him (what Angra Mainyu was saying as Kiritsugu was strangling it wasn't just spiteful words, it was literally cursing him)

The Type Moon Wiki describes the effects of the curse:

  Angra Mainyu's curse eventually cost his life, as his limbs were lame, his sight failed, and most of his circuits became useless.

Source: Kiritsugu - Fate/Zero (Second last paragraph)

Due to the curse, he lost most of his Magecraft abilities which would allow him to pass the bounded fields that protected the old Einzbern castle.

To add insult to injury, Jubstacheit von Einzbern never allowed Kiritsugu to pass either and raised Ilya to believe she was abandoned by him. Before Ilya set off for Fuyuki, he had also ordered her to kill Kiritsugu and Emiya.

  Jubstacheit is not mentioned by name, but Ilya, referring to him as grandfather, mentions being taught details about the Holy Grail War by him. He described Japanese people to her as a "neck-cutting tribe who die by having their necks cut off while sitting Japanese-style." Another mission that she is given is to slay both Kiritsugu and his adopted son, Shirou Emiya.

Source: Jubstacheit von Einzbern - Fate/Stay Night


Why did Diane and King increase their power levels?

They gained knowledge and maturity from their trip to the past, which is counted when numbering power levels.

Around chapter 106, we learn from Hawk's use of Balor's Eye that power levels are made up of three numerical components : Magic, which determines the magical proficiency and raw firepower, Strength, which accounts for physical power, and Will which is more abstract, but basically accounts for the individual's fighting spirit and / or maturity as a fighter.

Since King and Diane faced life-changing events in their trip to the past, they can reasonably be considered to have gained a lot of willpower, thus increasing their Will. They also have peered into Gloxinia and Dolor's memories, who use the same magics as them ; they have learned how to use their magic more efficiently.

It must also be noted that King's wings begin growing at this point. In Chapter 218, pages 6-8, this is noted to improve his link with the Sacred Tree and allows him to use the full power of his sacred treasure, Chastiefol. Fairies gain a noticeably huge amount of power when growing their wings ; for example, Elaine went from 2 830 to 21 050.


Your image is a collage from a scene in the second chapter of a 3-chapter short BL series named Light Blue Triangle (Japanese title: みずいろ三角). It is collected along with 2 other stories into tankoubon under the title Konna Nekomimi, Suki desu ka?

This is the page which the image comes from:

In the manga, what he actually said is along the line of:

  Shut up! You don't know anything at all!

So what you have is confirmed a collage.

The image was reposted on this thread, as @Secret Evil Radio has pointed out. However, the first identification was incorrect, and the actual series was pointed out at the end of the reply chain:

  Now I searched through the internet archive (since that Tumblr account deleted his posts) and found out that the title is Konna Nekomimi, Suki desu ka?. It's a collection of stories.


How is the passage of time handled in Pokemon?

Both of the comments by looper and Krazer are correct, and they tell pretty much the whole story. As of episode 658, Ash (Satoshi) is 10 years old, the same age he was when he began his journey. However, based on reasonable assumptions for how often the Pokemon leagues meet, he should have aged at least 5 years.

The strongest indication that time has passed is probably the short from the 3rd movie, Pikachu and Pichu. What Ash says implies very strongly that they've been together for at  least a year:

  Don't you know what today is, Pikachu? This is the day we first met. The day we first became friends. I think that's pretty special, don't you?

There are a few other instances where the passage of time is referenced in the anime. In Episode 063, Ash says in the dub that it's been a year since they last visited Viridian City. In the original, Satoshi just said that it's been a long time. Also, in Episode 469, Team Rocket says they've been chasing Pikachu as long as Dawn's been alive, which would be 10 years. That's probably better interpreted as breaking the 4th wall, since the anime had been running for 10 years at that point. There may be other instances, but the fact that a lot of time has passed since the first episode is indisputable.

This is one of the most glaring plot-holes in the anime, though it's understandable why the writers don't want Ash to age. Presumably it could send problematic messages if Ash were 20 years old when he first started travelling with 10-year-old Dawn (or Iris, though I don't know her age), though it's honestly still problematic if he's 10 years old. Of course, Pokemon is marketed to children, so having a 10-year-old protagonist is also better than having someone at least 15.

However, there isn't any official explanation for this. The writers have never answered why Ash and the other characters aren't aging even as time passes. In my opinion it's best just to regard this as a plot hole and ignore it as much as possible. There are some fan theories for why Ash wouldn't age even as time passes, but honestly they're a little bit Farfetch'd, if you know what I mean.


What did Makie talk about with the worker in harbor?

Recently, I did broader research (read the manga version). Based on this, I would like to give a try to answer my own question.

  Disclaimer: I do understand that manga and anime of Arpegio of Blue Steel is completely different story but some concepts overlap and there is a possibility that manga-based explanation would work for anime too.

In manga, Osakabe Tojurou gave Makie false memories about her past and her family. According to them, Makie had a grandpa, whom was deeply attached emotionally to. Tojurou used the opportunity that I-401 departed from Yokosuka port (2 years before original plot) and tuned the false memories that her grandpa wend aboard and did never return.

The thing is, Makie heard somehow that I-401 arrived back in the port and planned escape from mansion in order to see her grandpa.

Fact that can help confirm the hypothesis:

She appeared near the same Hangars when found Kirishima's core and Haruna. It was on her way to Yokosuka port.

Fact that can help deny the hypothesis:

In manga, her stuffed bear named Yotarou was gift given by grandpa. In anime we can see photos that she received it from Tojurou himself.


The Gedo Mazo is just a recipient.
The body of Ten Tails is on the moon, Rikudou sent his body there.

I think Madara and Obito plans to take the chakra of the Juubi in the Gedo Mazo, the recipient, and put it back into the real body of Ten tails.


Why Does Boruto and Himawari Have one less Whisker mark than Naruto?

There is no guaranteed answer to that. But judging from various traits of different characters that they have acquired through parents, I can say that children of Naruto have inherited the trait of having whisker scars but not the number of scars.

It is evident from the creators of the manga giving part father and part mother traits to their children. Like in case of Naruto, he inherited his father's hair color although Kushina's hair had a distinctive red unlike other Uzumaki's. On the other hand, Naruto got his whiskers because of being exposed to Kurama's chakra while he was in his mother's womb because Kurama was sealed in Kushina.

Similarly, in case of Inojin (son of Sai and Ino), he inherited his father's face and his mother's style. In Boruto and Himawari's case, they got the whiskers because Naruto had and inherited the Jougan (Pure Eye - Boruto) and Byakugan(Himawari) from their mother.

This I how I feel Boruto got his whiskers. It also may be as simple as the fact being that Naruto and Boruto have been created by different people, and they might want to distinguish Boruto from Naruto.


According to Naruto Wiki Hashirama creates the statue using sage art wood release: true several thousand hands technique.

  After entering Sage Mode, Hashirama creates a wooden statue of titanic proportions

Link http://naruto.wikia.com/wiki/Sage_Art_Wood_Release:_True_Several_Thousand_Hands from the comment of @HappyFace .


What are the differences between the 2002 and 2006 versions of Kanon?

There are two anime adaptations of Kanon, one from 2002 by Toei Animation with 13 episodes (plus one OVA), and one from 2006 by Kyoto Animation with 24 episodes. Both of them are based on the 1999 visual novel by Key.

The most obvious difference between the two is the artwork. The 2002 version was fairly close to the artwork from the VN. In contrast, the 2006 anime was with KyoAni's own style, which is more similar to their previous anime Air than to the original Kanon artwork. I think most people would say that 2006 has the better animation quality. The soundtracks of the two are understandably also different. In terms of theme songs, the 2006 version used remixed versions the original songs from the VN, while the 2002 version used new songs. The voice actors are the same with the exception of Yuichi and Kuze.

Comparison of Kanon artwork
Left: Nayuki, Right: Aya.
Top row: Visual Novel, Middle Row: 2002 Anime, Bottom Row: 2006 Anime

In terms of plot, there are going to be many small differences. The 2006 one had 11 more episodes than the 2002 one, so understandably there is more content there. Both are very close to the VN, but the 2002 one stripped out a lot of extraneous content and condensed a lot of necessary content (to the point that it created some plot holes). The content that was removed had a lot of comedy, so the 2002 version comes off as more of a drama than the 2006 one. The one difference that I definitely noticed is that Mai's story in the 2002 version was greatly condensed to the point of not making sense, while it's quite well-paced and understandable in the 2006 version. Overall, the big differences are that with the 2002 version, you just don't get as much of the story, and it goes somewhat faster.

I think the advice of most people would be that if you've already watched the 2006 version, there's not a lot of reason to watch the 2002 version. Instead, if you want more Kanon, the better thing to do would be to read the VN.


As my original comment suggested it is indeed a chart of power levels in certain points. The red marking stands for the power division, and it is graded accordingly with a A = Best E= lowest and anything in between.

After a short search I managed to find this image which includes the same stats system on the jojo wiki page, including the translation which is as following (The power levels included are for this card and not for the one you shown in your picture)

Stats are listed clockwise starting from the top

Stats

Destructive Power     A
Speed     E
Range     A
Durability    A
Precision     E
Developmental Potential   E


Music when Luffy first used haki against Fujitora?

The track is called Preemptive Strike you can find it here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gpt9sSs4qOA

I have pasted the website that allowed me to find this OST below, it could be useful to use in the future:
http://onepiecetracklist.com/


What accent is Kanbaru referring to, and where did she live prior to her parents' deaths?

Could not recall any mention in the anime, either. A quick look at the light novels, however, seem to reveal some information, albeit also vague. To quote from Chapter 7 of Bakemonogatari: Monster Tale Part 02:

  The way I spoke was different. I might talk like this now, but when I was still with my parents, we were all the way out on the tip of Kyushu, probably to get as far away as possible from this home. They talk in a thick accent there, and well...l wouldn't call it bullying, but I was made fun of, and I didn't have any friends.

Assuming that the tip she's referring to is the southernmost part of Kyushu, 'all the way out on the tip of Kyushu' may refer to a place somewhere on the Okinawa prefecture (possibly within the Yaeyama islands). So, it could refer to an accent unique to people who speak the Okinawan language or dialect.


Why did Scar only attack the State Alchemists?

This is all based on Scar's train of thought, and own decisions. However, I respect his decision:

  The fighting continued to spread until the entire East Area of Amestris had become a war zone. In 1908, a full seven years after the conflict had begun, Amestrian Führer King Bradley issued Order 3066, sending State Alchemists in to the front lines to act as human weapons. Ishval Civil War - Fullmetal Alchemist Wiki

So, as we are told in Fullmetal Alchemist Brotherhood (throughout the series, no specific episode(s)) - it was the State Alchemists that were taking part in the war, therefore it was the State Alchemists which the Ishvalans should hold their grudge against - the State Alchemists who murdered them, fought with them, and harmed them.

As I said, however, it is based on Scar's decision. It makes sense as you'd want to avenge your friends by harming the person who harmed them. In this case, he went a step further as to attack those who hold the title of State Alchemist, even if they didn't participate in the war. Why he went a step further in that direction and not attack all Alchemists, is just be how his rage works.


These pages are using spot coloring:

This type of printing consists of printing with 1 or more pre-mixed colors (generally 1, 2 or 3 colors at once). Spot printing uses a color system of solid, premixed colors known as Pantone colors.

As mentioned on that page, the benefits of spot coloring are:

When using spot printing, colors are more accurate because you have already determined the color by its specific Pantone number. Since the ink is not being mixed, that color will never change from one print run to the next. For example: a Pantone 186 Red will always be 186 Red. Some colors, such as metallics and fluorescents, are only available as spot colors—the same color and effect can’t be achieved using 4-color process.
Spot color is generally more economical if printing is kept to 3 colors or less.

It is nowhere explicitly mentioned why spot coloring is used for manga. However, it can be said that they're used as an eye-catcher. Usually single spot color pages are used to make the publication feel more colorful but not pay the full price of colored pages.
TL;DR:
In Japan, where Manga are published in magazines, such pages serve the purpose of catching the attention of the reader without costing the publisher as much money as it would have cost to publish a full-colored page and nor the artist/mangaka extra time to color each part of the page separately.


I've read the manga up through Volume 5, and I would describe it as a yuri comedy. None of the girl-girl relationships are developed in real depth, but Kanako is definitely a lesbian and is only attracted to Mariya insofar as he appears to be a girl. The two of them are not dating and Kanako has no interest in getting over her fear of men; in fact, Mariya's torture probably deepens her fear of men.

Kanako actually spends most of her time in the series chasing/lusting after various cute girls who are bona-fide females, such as her tomboy sempai Ryuken, the rotini-haired student council president, and Mariya's identical twin sister Shizu, who is a girl in disguise as a boy at an all-boys school (and hates men due to her experiences there). The comedy gets steadily weirder and takes over more and more as the series goes on, but Kanako being a lesbian is pretty much her defining trait and she never shows any sign of being attracted to men or of wanting to be.

If you're looking for a deep, romantic story, it's definitely not this, but there is real girl-girl attraction in Mariya-holic, so in that sense it can be called yuri.


Which episodes do the Overlord movies cover?

Both movies together cover basically all 13 episodes of the first season.
Although certain scenes are skipped I don't think that there is a single episode completely missing in the movies.
If I remember correctly episode 10 is the one which is missing the most and is only shown in form of a flashback.


How is Kakashi able to get Mangekyou Sharingan?

Short answer.

Sharingan wielders don't really have to be part of the Uchiha clan to activate the Mangekyou Sharingan.

  It is initially awakened by the trauma suffered from witnessing the death of someone close to the user.

So you just have to have a Sharingan and witness the death of someone close to you.

Sources:

Mangekyou Sharingan


What are the differences between the manga and the anime adaptation of Erased and where does the anime diverge?

⚠ The answer below contains spoilers.

The manga skipped a chapter which took place before the first Revival in the anime. This chapter concentrates on the bond between Airi and Satoru, when he saves someone's (I won't spoil) life with her help.
When Satoru and his mother meet Airi in the parking lot, in the anime, he uses Revival only once to spot the difference. In the manga, he uses it 3-4 times.
In the scene where his mother is killed, he doesn't meet with the culprit in the hallway. In the manga, he catches a glimpse of him in the garden and pursues him, during which he is seen by the landlady.
The manga narrates the background story of Yashiro, which the anime skipped. The scene in the anime where Satoru decides whether or not to push Hinazuki's mother is altered. In the manga, he has a homemade taser with him.
In the manga, in 2003, when the photographers take pictures of him and Kumi (the leukemia girl), they are stopped by Airi instead of Yashiro, and Satoru recognizes her. Then he falls in coma again for another 2 years (the numeric details may have a 1 year error).
After he can walk, he goes in town and he sees Airi from afar. However, he decides to not talk to her in order to keep her away from the killer.
The end of the anime is dramatically changed. In the manga, the story follows a  bit of a longer period of time after he can walk. He has a strong big brother relationship with Kumi. The ending takes place in a holiday camp for patients who undergo recover such as Satoru and Kumi. There, the death match takes place between Satoru and Yashiro and is more complex as compared to the anime. Sawada and Kenya having a bigger role as well.
In the manga, Hinazuki indicates to Satoru that Misato is alone instead of the glasses boy.
When he was little (younger than the 4th grade), Satoru had a female friend two years older than him, whom he used to play with. When she said that he is her second best male friend (or something of the sort), he goes with a stick to the group where the first "male" was, to remove him from her life, doing nothing in the end. A few days later she goes to a building attracted by something. She comes out with her hands full of pictures for kids when she is called by Satoru. It was another kidnap attempt by Yashiro, stopped unknowingly by Satoru.
The reasons for which his mother stopped being a TV anchor are hinted in the manga. The reason is the fact that the TV station director wanted to have an intimate relationship with her (most likely). She refused, resulting in cuts on her palms (probably obtained when she refused him).
The job of Hiromi Sugita is changed. In the manga, he is a physicist while in the anime, he is a doctor.
The identity of the culprit is more hinted in the manga with more small panels concentrated on his reactions on Satoru's and his friends' actions and dialogues in the school grounds (about saving the victims).
In the last showdown scene, Yashiro intends to kill Satoru and himself on a bridge set on fire. Satoru escapes and Kenya and Sawada save Yashiro's life, an event present only in the manga.
In the anime, it is skipped that Yuuki went to continental Asia and married a woman from there (her and their son having black skin are visible for a few seconds in the last episode of the anime and in the manga as well).
In those 15 years, in the manga, Yashiro kidnapped and killed around 15-30 other children, leaving some clues for Kenya and Sawada which led to him. He is charged for those murders in the manga. On the other hand, in the anime these crimes are not mentioned and he is only charged with attempted murder  of Satoru.

There may be other changes which I didn't notice or forgot. The changes were less visible in the first half of the anime and were more prominent in the second half of the show, due to the anime having a short amount of screen time left to portray all of the manga content.


What is that covering part of the Nerv Logo?

The glossary contained within The End of Evangelion - Theatrical Program states the leaf to be a fig leaf.

  The expression "fig leaf" is widely used figuratively to convey the covering up of an act or an object that is embarrassing or distasteful with something of innocuous appearance, a metaphorical reference to the Biblical Book of Genesis, in which Adam and Eve used fig leaves to cover their nudity after eating the forbidden fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.

And as the highlighted text emphasizes, besides hiding or covering something up. It also references to the original sin of eating the forbidden fruit, the fruit of wisdom.


Did Freezer surpassed Goku and Vegeta's power level again in Dragon Ball Super Broly?

Frieza actually lasts for an Hour(They had 2 failed fusions). However, Goku and Vegeta didn't really faint or get injured immensely(Note: This is based on the level of injuries they've had in some of the previous arcs) and we don't really see them in a position unable to fight or even really fight to try to last against Broly to make that argument. Goku knew that they couldn't defeat Broly in this state and needed to fuse. Hence, they teleported out of there. Goku and Vegeta have shown far greater resilience against substantially much higher levels of power. This was more of Goku making the best use of the situation and doing what was necessary.Plus, when Broly initially loses to Vegeta and Paragus says Broly has reached his limit, Frieza decides to retreat. If Frieza was substantially stronger, I don't see why he wouldn't have jumped into the fight at that point in time and defeated Goku and Vegeta.


I think there isn't a single meaning, and sometimes it might be a simple brofist, showing respect to one another. But there's also to consider that Bee, in a way, uses fist bumps to read the other person's mind/heart/soul, to feel the other person; he does it with the Raikage.

But for example

   When Naruto exchanges fist bump with Kurama (The Nine-tailed fox beast):
 There happens that the two chakra meld/connect, as a sort of energy transfer. Perhaps it's also more than that, but that's basically to show that we don't simply have brofists in Naruto.

I think I found the chapter but it's not flat-out stated. When Bee first exchanges fist bumps with Naruto, he says he won't train him to control his beast: first because he "made a fool out of his rap", but also because when they exchange the fist bumps,

   Bee feels the Dark Naruto inside Naruto himself, through them. So unless Naruto solves this problem, he won't be able to proceed to the next stage, i.e. the training with Bee.

After the first meeting with Bee (when Naruto uses the Erotic Jutsu), Motoi does ask him whether they exchanged fist bumps. I think this is a hint to that, because when Naruto confirms,

   Motoi takes him and Yamato to the waterfalls. They ask whether that's the place but Motoi says that that's just the first step: Naruto needs to see the truth first, which is where the Dark Naruto is revealed.
 Naruto will help save Motoi from the Squid attack that happens then and Bee trusts Naruto can defeat the Dark one.

Hope that helps.


Can I find these details about Android #17 in any manga or spin-off anime?

Android #17 is seen as a Park Ranger in an episode of the Buu Saga, when Goku was making the Genki Dama to defeat Buu

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nadz-fsWYsU

Edit: 13/04/2017 . Now they are also revealed in Dragon Ball Super


Why is it that some anime use language exclusive to the Yakuza?

The Introduction to Yakuza Japanese has a list of grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary (and even lessons!).

There's also this Japanese Stack Exchange has a question: What are the stereotypical characteristics of yakuza speech?

And Japan Subculture's terminology page.

While Yakuza these days are mostly semi-legitimate, they still extort and is the largest criminal organization in the world. Just like how there's a taboo with tattoos in Japan because they're associated with Yakuza, the same connotations come with speaking like the way Yakuza do.


How did abridged versions of anime get started?

LittleKuriboh's Yu-Gi-Oh! Abridged is often cited as being the first abridged series and the one to start inspiring others in a chain reaction like manner. (The latest episode even makes fun of this fact.)

The linked wiki page mentions that he originaly

  ... was inspired variously by the editing process of The Blair Witch Project, and Reduced Shakespeare Company's The Complete Works of Shakespeare (Abridged).

The series is notable in that it was for a long time voice acted and edited by a single person.


How does the hierarchical rank system in Amestris armed forces work?

This is compiled/arranged from here and here.

Fuehrer General

Bradley
Grumman (Chapter 108)

General

Roy Mustang - Flame Alchemist (epilogue)

Lieutenant General

Grumman
Raven
Gardner

Major General

Olivier Mira Armstrong
Hakuro

Brigadier General

Basque Grand - Iron-Blood Alchemist
Roy Mustang - Flame Alchemist (ep. 45 2003 anime, chapter 108)
Maes Hughes (posthumous)
Clemin
Edison
Fessler

Colonel

Roy Mustang - Flame Alchemist
Frank Archer
Henry Douglas

Lieutenant Colonel

Alex Louis Armstrong - Strong Arm Alchemist (2003 anime)
Solf J. Kimblee - Crimson Alchemist/Red Lotus Alchemist (2003 anime)
Maes Hughes
Roy Mustang - Flame Alchemist (2003 anime)

Major (automatic rank given to a State Alchemist)

Alex Louis Armstrong - Strong Arm Alchemist
Giolio Comanche - Silver Alchemist
Edward Elric - Fullmetal Alchemist
Solf J. Kimblee - Crimson Alchemist/Red Lotus Alchemist
Tim Marcoh - Crystal Alchemist
Isaac McDougal - Freezing Alchemist
Shou Tucker - Sewing-Life Alchemist
Miles
Maes Hughes (before ep. 13 2003 anime)
Roy Mustang (during war in Ishval)

Captain

Juliet Douglas
Fokker
Buccaneer
Vato Falman (Chapter 108)
Maes Hughes (during the war in Ishval)

First Lieutenant

Riza Hawkeye
Yoki

Second Lieutenant

Maria Ross
Jean Havoc
Heymans Breda
Vato Falman (Chapter 65)
Henschel
Rebecca Catalina
Darius
Heinkel
Jerso
Zampano
Riza Hawkeye (at Eastern Headquarters)

Warrant Officer

Vato Falman
Riza Hawkeye (after the war)

Sergeant Major

Kain Fuery

Sergeant

Denny Brosh

Corporal (no named characters)
Lance Corporal (no named characters)
Private

Sheska

Military Police (no named characters)

At the end of the 2003 anime, the rank of Fuhrer was removed, and in the Viz Manga version, the title used was President instead of Fuhrer.


In Revolutionary Girl Utena, what is the metaphor of Nanami's egg?

That episode was . . . weird, as weird as when Nanami became a cow.

Anyway, my interpretation of it was based on the fact that the episode "Nanami's Egg" falls into the Akio Ohtori Saga. This is roughly two thirds of the Apocalypse Saga. The content is more sexually suggestive in this saga: scenes involving Akio's car seemed to always be sexually suggestive, with his, Touga's and Kyouichi's shirts opening partway through the ride or when posing for photos, and Kozue's first sexual experience was in the back of that car with Ruka Tsuchiya.

Because of this I got the impression that the episode represented Nanami entering puberty as we  know that women to begin produce eggs during puberty. She begins to fret over the discovery of an egg in her bed probably because she hasn't been taught about puberty. When she accepts it and raises the egg, I took this as the transition of Nanami growing up from a girl to a woman/mother.


Is there a recording of Chopin's "Winter Wind" with the drums added, as heard in Your Lie In April?

There is an album of the pieces actually from the show, called Shigatsu wa Kimi no Uso: Our Music Book. Unfortunately, based on a version I found on YouTube, it seems like the Winter Wind on that album is just a standard rendition of the piece (presumably from the main recital). On that basis, I suspect that there isn't an officially released copy of the version with drums.


What is the reference Kanbara made in episode 4 of Kyoukai no Kanata: Mini Theater special?

"MK5" means "maji kireru 5 byoumae" (マジで切れる５秒前), or being on the verge of losing it (really pissed off).


Why does Chopper hide himself the wrong way?

It is a Running Gag, which along with his other peculiar actions1, is used for comic relief and to bring out his childish and naive personality.

Chopper as a child was treated very harshly due to his blue nose and isolated from the rest of his herd. This became even worse after he ate the Devil's fruit. I think the gags, besides offering comic relief, also subtly reinforce that Chopper hasn't grown out of childhood mentally due to those experiences.

Another explanation is that although his instinct tells him to hide, he subconsciously sees this as isolating himself, and wants to avoid going out of people's sight, ending up in that comical hiding pose. (This is the most convincing "serious" reason I could think of, don't know if Oda-sensei thought so seriously about it.)

1 Believing Usopp's lies, getting excited about beams, and the cursing dance.


Who are Mitsuki's parents ? Is it just Orochimaru?

Mitsuki was created as a synthetic human by Orochimaru. It has been revealed in Boruto: Naruto the Movie that, Mitsuki is Orochimaru's son.In the movie, Boruto questions Mitsuki about his parentage to which Mitsuki replies that he is the son of Orochimaru. Sarada is surprised by the same and asks whether Orochimaru happens to be his father or Mother while Boruto asks who Orochimaru is, and Mitsuki replies that it doesn't matter which leaves Boruto and Sarada confused.


Why did Emilia give Subaru a fake name on the first time they met?

At about 11:00 in Episode 8.

  Beatrice explained the Jealous Witch to Subaru when talking about Subaru's "Witch Smell" in the library. Beatrice says only mad people will pretend to be the Jealous Witch. Suddenly, Subaru figures out the reason why Emilia pretended to be "Satella".

  That is because she didn't want someone else to get involved in the Throne Fight, with her special appearance, pretending to be the Jealous Witch is the fastest way to scare people away.

  But the plan actually failed because Subaru is a man from another world where the tales of the Jealous Witch doesn't exist.


Why Saitama doesn't want to unleash his full power?

Saitama wants to find an opponent worthy of his power.

He commonly fights enemies, killing them with one-punch, hence the name. He has found that launching a full punch kills almost everything he face. There's no challenge in that.

So yes, he is pulling his punches. There will be multiple times where he can easily destroy his opponent, but does not "try" until it has shown to be strong enough.

He is a hero for fun. Not to save people, but to enjoy the thrill and be himself.

I've avoided spoilers the best I can, especially since I'm not sure how far you are.


Rikudou Sennin or The Sage of Six Paths released the edo tensei or reanimation justsu cast upon them by orochimaru.
There was an emotional scene between Naruto and Minato , the fourth hokage.
where the release is evident. Watch episode 474 and 475 .


Why is Robin never seen making funny faces?

Nico Robin had a lonely childhood. Her mother was out on her expedition to uncover the secrets of the Void Century. Her only friends during her childhood days were the scholars of Ohara, and Saul for sometime.

During her time with Saul she was shown to smile and laugh in a funny manner.

But soon, at the age of 8, after the extermination of Ohara along with her friends and mother, she was on the run with a bounty of 79 million beri.

She was always targeted by anyone who found out about her true identity. This is a very harsh childhood for a kid. Enough to make a kid a "serious" type and steal their humor.

Also, during the Enis Lobby arc, she mentions her fear:

It is evident from this that she was always over thinking things, and putting a lot of burden on herself. She kept her sadness and worries to herself, and in such a situation it is very rare for a person to make funny expressions, rather they have a cold look.


What happened between Kirito and Asuna in those 2 years?

During the two years, players teamed up to clear the floors.  However Kirito decided to solo the game (heavily influenced by Sachi's death ep. 3).  This made contact between other players uncommon.  Even though Kirito was a solo player, he participated in Boss Battles.

Before the boss battles he talked with other players for strategy. Asuna being one of the leaders, and Kirito being one of the strongest of players, would talk to each other or at least be in the same area.

It was referenced during the time of Gleam Eyes (Boss of the 74th Floor) when Klein found Kirito in a party with Asuna.


Why does Final Fantasy contain "Final" in the title?

Hironobu Sakaguchi, a designer at Square (the company who developed Final Fantasy), was essentially creating what he saw as a magnum opus. After his lack of success with previous Square titles (nearly leading to its bankruptcy), this was his final attempt to live out his fantasy of developing games.
From Wikipedia:

Though often attributed to the company allegedly facing bankruptcy, Sakaguchi explained that the game was his personal last-ditch effort in the game industry and that its title, Final Fantasy, stemmed from his feelings at the time; had the game not sold well, he would have quit the business and gone back to university.

Wikipedia attributes this to another article, with a direct quote:

“The name ‘Final Fantasy’ was a display of my feeling that if this didn’t sell, I was going to quit the games industry and go back to university. I’d have had to repeat a year, so I wouldn’t have had any friends – it really was a ‘final’ situation.”
  — Hironobu Sakaguchi


From trivia here, it is stated that Masashi Khisimoto forgot to give Byakugan to Boruto and Himawari.

  Boruto and Himawari Uzumaki, despite being children of Hinata Hyūga,
  do not have the characteristic white eyes inherited by Hyūga
  descendants.  According to Masashi Kishimoto, he simply forgot to give
  it to them.

Later he corrected this. But so far, only Himawari has Byakugan.

  Kishimoto later corrected his mistake for Himawari by giving her the
  Byakugan in the Zai no Sho's special chapter The Day Naruto Became
  Hokage.  While activated, her eyes take on the normal characteristics
  of the dōjutsu. When not in use, she has her original blue eyes.


There is one particular style of traditional Japanese comedy called manzai (漫才), which is a type of two-man act. One man is called the boke, who is the buffoon; the jokester; the funny guy. The boke will make jokes, many of which (to American audiences at least) are groan comedy. The other member of the pair is called the tsukkomi, and his job is to react to the boke's jokes (often critically), taking on a role very much like "the straight man" in Western comedic practice.

The usage of tsukkomi in the description you quoted is derived from this. It does not mean that the Vice President is literally the straight man of a comedy duo, but rather that the Vice President is sort of the uptight kind of guy who doesn't laugh at jokes and always shoots down other people's jokes. It's a sort of character archetype that translates only somewhat well into English as "straight man", so you will sometimes see it floating around untranslated.

The tsukkomi is a very common archetype in modern anime and related media (irritatingly common, if you ask me, especially in schlocky light novels). Well-known examples off the top of my head include:

Kyon from The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya (often playing off of Haruhi and sometimes Koizumi's boke)
Koyomi from the Monogatari series (playing off against most of the girls at some point or another)
Basically everybody in Gintama (against everybody else)
Chiaki from Nodame Cantabile (mostly against Nodame herself)

You can see more about this trope at the TVTropes entry Boke And Tsukkomi Routine.


According to the story, Meruem's initial ability gives him strength through consumption. His aura grows every time he devours a user of Nen, with their aura synthesizing to his own. This ability (Aura Synthesis) doesn't belong to any of the 5 basic categories, thus falls in the 6th category, making him a specialist. After absorbing large parts of Shaiapouf and Menthuthuyoupi, he was able to use their abilities too, making them his own. Further details about his new abilities can be found here.


Can an Uchiha remain powerful without embracing hatred?

I don't think hatred is the only feeling that makes an Uchiha powerful, since many strong feelings (e.g. pain) can strengthen him, and this is just a quicker way to gain more power.
If an Uchiha sees their close friend or relative die, they gain Mangekyou Sharingan, but the feeling of hatred is not a necessity (Itachi hated no one when he saw Shisui commiting suicide).
So, I believe the feeling of hatred CAN make an Uchiha powerful, but it's not the power source. In short, a strong feeling is just a trigger, and once you awaken the Mangekyou Sahringan with it, you remain powerful.


It was clear that Kirito was keeping his dual-wield ability a complete secret. Nobody knew about it - not even Asuna. This was evidenced by the fact that Asuna questioned Kirito about why he isn't using Liz's sword and suggested that he was "hiding something" from her.

So Kirito hesitated because be knew that using his dual wield in front of everyone would blow that secret wide open. But he had no choice. It was do or die.

Getting back to the question, there is no evidence in the anime to suggest that dual wielding drains HP. But you could infer other drawbacks such as tying up both hands thus preventing the use of a shield.


Is there a huge difference in the amount of male vs. female protagonists in anime and manga?

I'm wondering if there's an imbalance in Japanese society as there is in American society. Or if anyone has come across a survey that found the percent of female vs. male protagonists in anime and manga?
By "imbalance . . . in American society," I'm going to guess that you mean the number of male protagonists within American comics, rather than sexism in society at large (though sexism is far more rampant in Japanese society than in American society).
I strongly believe that such a survey does not exist, since the sheer number of anime titles that have been produced since the dawn of the medium, and the even more monstrous number of manga titles, would not be able to be researched and distilled into such a graph, even with a team of paid researchers.
Have the Japanese created genres to meet the interests of those who consume anime and manga (which if I'm not mistaken, is a far larger amount than Americans who consume comics and cartoons)?

American cartoons come in many varieties, which have differing demographics, such as Disney, Pixar and Dreamworks theatrical films; Saturday morning and weekday afternoon cartoons for kids; The Simpsons, Family Guy, and South Park satirical cartoons for adults, etc.
The demographics of readers of American comics has drastically changed within the past decade. In previous generations, adults and children read comic strips in the newspaper, children read comics like Archie or Barbie, young men read fanboy superhero titles like Marvel and Star Wars. Nowadays, though a large bulk of American comics are still super hero serials that appeal to fanboys, 1) the advent of American comics that have expanded into other genres such as Maus, Bone, and American Born Chinese, and importing/translating serious comics from other languages (such as Persepolis, A Jew in Communist Prague, and Kozure Ookami) has gained comics a recent recognition of contributing to quality literature by American libraries and teachers (for example, see the Eisner Award and Harvey Award winners, Good Comics for Kids from School Library Journal, and No Flying No Tights), 2) fangirls and niche reader demographics have increased, and 3) being a nerd/geek/otaku has become more respected in society at large, as evidenced in the popularity of The Big Bang Theory sitcom.
Aside from Studio Ghibli films, of which nearly everyone in Japan has seen some, the demographics who consume anime and manga in Japan are 1) children who buy the toys, 2) casual viewers, such as families who tune into anime when it airs on TV but are not particular fans, 3) families/teens/adults who only purchase tankouban (graphic novels) of the specific series they care for, and 4) otaku, who are a minority of the population. There are also Japanese who casually read manga such as Jump when the magazine issues come out, but most read it tachi-mi (stand and read) in the convenience store or bookstore without purchasing anything, so they cannot be counted as consumers.
Unlike in many parts of the world where manga and anime are considered esteemed art forms, in Japan most parents consider manga to be junk and discourage their kids 1) from reading manga, since they should be reading literary novels instead, and 2) from becoming a mangaka when they grow up. So most Japanese do not read manga as adults, and most who had a dream of being a mangaka gave up on it. Teens and adults who are involved in subculture are generally viewed negatively by the general populace, and many are socially-awkward or hikikomori (a consumer demographic which is uncommon in the U.S.). Even though many Japanese have read manga and/or watched anime at some point in their life, it is not considered a mainstream thing to have as your interest or hobby.
The population of the United States is estimated at 316.5 million, whereas the population of Japan is 127.3 million, as of 2014 (the U.S. has a constant influx of immigration, which is not common in Japan, and Japan has a falling birthrate, so the difference in number is probably more pronounced by 2015). It is very possible that more Americans are cartoon and/or comics consumers than how many Japanese people are anime and manga consumers (many Americans have bought a ticket to watch an animated film at a movie theater, bought the VHS/DVD/Blu-Ray release, bought Dora the Explorer-themed school supplies or  Christmas presents, etc.).
It is true that manga and anime boast a wider range of genres and subject matter than comics in other countries, as pretty much any literary genre you can think of has been explored in manga.

Manga scholar at Kyoto Seika University, Matt Thorn, explains,

Another trend in the way shôjo manga were published was also intimately linked to the nature of the genre. Because readers looked for works that clicked with them personally, they were not happy to simply read what everyone else was reading. As a result, shôjo manga became increasingly niche oriented. The number of magazines increased, but the circulation of each slipped as the pool of readers became dispersed. For example, the top-selling teen magazine, Bessatsu Maagaretto ("Special Edition Margaret") stuck rigidly to the school-based hetersexual romance. Juné and other magazines, on the other hand, focused exclusively on the theme of boys' love. Wings was created for fans of science fiction and fantasy. By contrast, the bulk of young male readers gravitated to just three weekly magazines: Jump, Magazine, and Sunday. Boys were concentrated in a vertical column, all reading virtually the same manga, whereas girls were spread out horizontally, each seeking a manga world suited to her own identity.

For boys, they have shounen, and for girls, shoujo. For more matured tastes, seinen and josei could arguably still be divided into men and women?
Thorn reports  that the origin of the segregation of shounen and shoujo happened in 1902:

The roots of both shôjo and boys'manga can be traced to early magazines for children—boys and girls alike—which began to appear in the late 19th century, reflecting the Meiji era effort to encourage literacy. In 1902, Shôjo kai ("Girls' World") was first published, and children's magazines began to be segregated, as was the education system itself, along gender lines.

but that

To be honest, though, things are complicated by differences in target age groups. Although male manga are easily classified as shônen ("boys'") or seinen ("men's"), female-oriented manga are not so neatly divided. This is probably because the first successful manga targeting adult women were labeled as "ladies' comics," and these comics quickly acquired a stigma that fans of shôjo manga did not want to be associated with. . . . josei-muke ("woman-oriented") or josei ("women's") manga, but such terms never really caught on with mainstream readers. To those readers, such works are still shôjo manga, or else just plain manga. But readers have no doubt, in most cases, about whom the target audience is. To make things even more complicated, there are many manga today that are created by female artists, and deal with themes of interest to women, but which are published in "gender-neutral" magazines, and have many male readers as well as female readers. Think of these as "indy" or "underground" manga, even though many are published by huge publishing houses.

Seinen is the Japanese word for "young man" and josei is the Japanese word for "young woman" or "women" in general (such as joseikan, which means "view of women"), so yes, they are explicitly marketed toward men or to women just as shounen is marketed toward boys and shoujo is marketed toward girls. Likewise, the words seinen and josei contain no indication of what sort of content is included (they are not genres such as sci-fi or history which are grouped based on the content). The sections in a Japanese bookstore are clearly delineated as to what the target market is.
In shounen, the protagonist is predominantly male, and in shoujo, the protagonist is usually female?
Correct. Of course there are exceptions, such as the massive corpus of BL (boy's love) titles within shoujo, which have been produced ever since the 70s.
Thorn points out,

while it may be difficult to imagine now, heterosexual romance was rare--indeed, almost taboo--until the 1960s. In the prewar period, readers of manga were small children who had not yet learned the pleasure of reading text-only fiction and non-fiction. Even after the war, when Tezuka had launched a boom in thematically sophisticated “story manga,” it was assumed throughout the 1950s that children would “graduate” from manga by the time they were thirteen or fourteen. And since the heroines of shōjo manga were almost always girls between the ages of ten and twelve, romance occurred only between older supporting characters, such as elder siblings. Whereas manga for boys have always been about action and humor. . . . Prewar shōjo manga were short humor strips, usually set in the home, neighborhood, or school.

Female protagonists are not as uncommon in seinen as male protagonists are in josei, because seinen includes many bishoujo titles, not all of which are harems in which there is an ordinary male who all the females center around.
Should I instead be looking at which genre is produced more for my answer?
Yes.
But that is also hard to pinpoint. Since shounen is far more financially-viable than shoujo, we might conclude that most manga published are shounen. Under that conclusion, if most shounen series have male protagonists, we would say that most manga and anime protagonists have statistically been male.
However, Thorn's claim that "the bulk of young male readers gravitated to just three weekly magazines: Jump, Magazine, and Sunday. Boys were concentrated in a vertical column, all reading virtually the same manga, whereas girls were spread out horizontally" throws a wrench into that hypothesis. Going by this fact, one would conclude that perhaps more shoujo series have been published in recent decades than shounen series, since Jump + Magazine + Sunday only run about 20 series per magazine at a time (about 60 series published in a given week), whereas a larger number of shoujo magazines each putting out 20 series an issue would outnumber 60 contemporaneous shounen series.
But that also fails to take into account that shounen magazines are usually published weekly whereas shoujo magazines come out monthly, and the fact that both types of manga magazines are ruthless in canceling any series which drops in the monthly reader survey. So we would need to consider which tend to get cut after a shorter number of chapters: shounen or shoujo titles? If, for example, shounen series die more frequently than shoujo ones since all the shounen series are duking it out in cutthroat competition within only 3 main magazines, it could be that the number of short-lived shounen series outweighs the number of shoujo series.
For more details on the financial situation, see Thorn as well:

Since 1995, sales of manga magazines, along with sales of all magazines, have steadily declined. Sales of manga paperbacks have fluctuated, but have so far managed to escape the fate of magazines. Why have sales of magazines declined? We can identify several factors, such as: the growth of the Internet in Japan; the increasing sophistication of video games; a lengthy recession that forced consumers to be more frugal; the rise of massive used bookstore chains, not to mention twenty-four hour manga cafes, that do not pay royalties to publishers. But the biggest single factor in the decline of magazines in Japan is this: the cell phone. Fifteen years ago, you would board a train in Japan and see dozens of people reading magazines, including manga magazines. Today you board a train and see everyone hunched over their cellphones, reading or writing e-mail, surfing the Internet, buying concert tickets--almost anything you can do on a personal computer. For more than thirty years, . . . manga is then serialized in cheap magazines with few advertisements that are essentially sold at cost. Serials that prove unpopular are cut short. Those that prove even marginally popular are republished in paperbacks. Ten percent of the cover price of each copy sold is paid to the artist as royalties, and the rest of the profit goes to the publisher. The magazines, in other words, are extravagant advertisements for the paperbacks, which are the primary source of profit. The quandary for publishers is that, in this digital age, Japanese consumers are no longer inclined to buy a large paper object that they will eventually discard anyway. . . . The extinction of the printed magazine is inevitable: not a matter of “if” but “when.” . . . Even those who work in the giant manga publishing houses--Shueisha, Shogakukan, Kodansha--acknowledge that those corporations are dinosaurs, massive and slow, unable to turn quickly or adapt to sudden changes in environment. That is why the glass ceiling against which female employees bump their heads remains firmly in place, and that is why these publishers will follow the printed magazine to extinction.


What is the connection between Cave being nimble and nothing being able to touch her "hitbox"?

Like other characters Cave is a personification of a company, in this case CAVE Interactive Co., Ltd or just CAVE (Computer Art Visual Entertainment).

CAVE Interactive is know for developing Danmaku games, ie. Bullet Hell. the same kind of game the majority of Touhou games are. some of CAVE's Danmaku games are

Mushihimesama Futari

Espgaluda

Bug Princess

in Danmaku games the player normally has a very small hitbox which allows them to squeeze though the tiniest of gaps in the bullet curtain. Cave's mention of her hitbox and her nimble abilities getting through the crowd is a reference to here where the people of the crowd are like the bullets of a bullet curtain.

it's also worth noting that infact it was CAVE which ended up inventing these kind of games from an initial prototype template that initial template that was created by another company that some of CAVE's employees had came from.

  Toaplan's Batsugun (1993) provided the prototypical template for this new breed, with Cave (formed by former employees of Toaplan, including Batsugun's main creator Tsuneki Ikeda, after the latter company collapsed) inventing the type proper with 1995's DonPachi


Who was the Supporter of the Seleção in Eden of the East?

Technically, every player in the game is the supporter, and every player is not.  Because the concept that a player may be officially designated the supporter would create a situation of impunity (who watches the watcher?), and players are told that even the supporter may not know that is there role, it makes much more sense that the players all can fulfill this purpose.

There is a point at which one player will look at the actions of another and feel they are self-serving, and decide they need to put an end to them.  They may try to confront the other party, use their funds to hinder or redirect them, or destroy their efforts.  But in the end, if they come to believe they have a moral out in the role of the supporter, and virtually unlimited funds to get them out of the legal trouble, the societal justice impulse could kick in, and they may kill the player.

There is also a possibility, based on the nature of Juiz, that Juiz may also help fulfill this role.  There may be certain conditions or thresholds that will trigger actions by the long arm of the concierge to take actions against misguided players.  This is not evidenced (that I can remember), but it is also possible that Juiz may indirectly responsible for a player acting in the role of the supporter, by ensuring that actions that would trigger them to retaliate will come to their attention.

Alternatively, self-serving players may be fed information that will cause them to act offensively to another, instigating retaliation from the offended by the information they, in turn, are delivered.

Also, keep in mind that a player overtly acting as the supporter would be seen as a threat to every other player, and would almost certainly become a target themselves, since transactional data becomes public upon use.

All theoretical, but there may be something there.  Pleasure to serve.  Nobelesse oblige.


Was Naori Uchiha the creator of Izanami?

Although never explicitly mentioned here's a possible explanation. Before that however, there are a couple things to consider.

Firstly, the cost/consequence of using either technique leads the caster's sharingan to loose its light immidiately
Secondly, Both techniques enable users to change reality. In the case of Izanagi, the illusion is applied onto reality itself. While in the case of Izanami, the caster is able to put an individual in an almost sentient never ending illusion which becomes the reality of the opponent, continiously, until some trigger is met. (i.e the opponent either changes their ways or is trapped in an eternal loop)

Now the point I'm trying to make here is that I believe that the Izanami is a variation of the Izanagi which attempts to save a person by creating a repeating loop of specific events until some criteria is met. Thinking about it in the broad sense it still classifies as changing reality but only for the opponent because it will always work regardless of the opponents 5 senses, even if they know its an illusion.
So yea I believe she is the creator of Izanami, nevertheless, considering the similarities both have. It seems to me that she creatively used the Izanagi to such a degree that was completely unthought of (using it to help an individual change and thus creating a variation of the izanagi to stop the izanagi hence the izanami).


Why are light-haired male love interests common?

It might have something to do with the representation of the blonde-color. According here,

  Blonde hair on a male character may imply that he is a trickster.
  Alternately, it may symbolize that this character is a focus of chaos,
  and trouble follows him wherever he goes, such as Vash the Stampede
  from Trigun, or Soichiro Nagi from Tenjou Tenge; a live-action example
  is the movie version of Battle Royale's Kazuo Kiriyama. It is also not
  uncommon for anime males with long blonde hair to be portrayed as
  Casanova-types. (Examples: Kurz from Full Metal Panic, Allen Schezar
  from Vision of Escaflowne, Kyle from Suikoden V among others...)


What's the name of the song in Naruto that plays in episode 203 at 0:43?

The song is known as "Childhood Memories". It was not included in any of the Naruto OST releases. However, there are many versions of it available on Youtube, such as this one.


Has a manga series ever affected Jump or similar magazines sales a lot?

I've found you an article that show some graphs about Jump sales, and data about their best selling mangas that I think you'll find useful :

source

And some date from best selling mangas to help you evaluate those graphs :

Saint Seiya (1986 - 1990)

Dragon Quest: Dai no Daibouken (1989 - 1996)

Hokuto no Ken (1983 - 1988)

Slam Dunk (1990 - 1996)

YuYu Hakusho (1990 - 1994)


Super Saiyan 4 vs Super Saiyan Blue in Dragon Ball Heroes, which transformation is stronger?

In Japan, the Dragon Ball Heroes website did a poll on who fans thought were the strongest characters and forms in the game. You can view the same here. As per the source, SSJB Goku is considered to be the third strongest character in the game while SSJ4 Goku is considered to be the ninth strongest character. SSJB Vegeta is considered to be the eleventh strongest character while SSJ4 Vegeta is the seventeenth strongest character on the game. So based on  the poll only SSJB is > SSJ4.However, certain characters in the anime like Whis , Beerus and even Omega Shenron, who are clearly superior to SSJB/SSJ4(In Super, GT) Are a lot lower down the list(Even below Yamcha). So there isn't really a perfect answer to your question.
Final ListTime Breaker Bardock
SSJ4 GT Gogeta
SSJB Goku
LSSJ4 Broly
Darkness Towa
SSJ3 Time Patrol Bardock
Tarble
SSJ4 GT Gohan
SSJ4 GT Goku
Super 17 (18 Absorbed)
SSJB Vegeta
Super Mira
Golden Frieza
LSSJ Broly
SSJ3 Vegetto
Majuub
SSJ4 GT Vegeta
Towa
SSJ2 Teen Gohan
SSJG Goku
Yamcha
Supreme Kai of Time
Syn Shenron
Whis
Runaway Mira
Amond
Resurrected Dabura
LSSJ3 Broly
Omega Shenron
Angered Beerus


When does Brotherhood and the 2003 series split?

Episode 12 in brotherhood is where the story changes from the original series.

it a bit later in the original series, episode 17 or 18.

The key point is the death of hughes, that's where the story's split.

the original series stretches the backstory a bit compared to brotherhood so its worth watching from the beginning but you wont miss anything important if you start at hughes death.


You were actually right, Onii-chan means pretty much the same as Onii-san as in older brother. The difference is the former is informal or "cuter", while the latter is more formal, as "-chan" is an informal honorific, while "-san" is a formal one.
According to this short Japanese honorifics lesson:

–chan
This is an endearing female honorific. While it’s most commonly used for children, it’s also used fairly widely among family and friends