In FMA: Brotherhood, why do Father's sacrifices remain alive after the sacrifice?

Short answer: There is no canonical reason for this.

Long answer: In English, a sacrifice is defined as:

  an animal, person, or object offered in an act of slaughtering to God or to a divine or supernatural figure

However, a sacrifice in the Fullmetal Alchemist Brotherhood (and manga) canon is simply a being which has attempted Human Transmutation, and thus passed through the Gate of Truth. This sort of "activates" their Gate, so that someone with the right knowledge and setup (read: Father) can access it.

I think the Fullmetal Alchemist Wiki says it best:

  Contrary to what the name suggests, the Human Sacrifices don't actually die and survive with no ill effects. In fact, the Sacrifices were some of the few humans to not have their souls dragged from their bodies.

So, why are they called sacrifices? It's really anybody's guess. In a way, they line up with another definition of the term:

  an act of giving up something valued for the sake of something else regarded as more important or worthy

In that sense, they are sacrifices; just not in the way we would typically think of a ritualistic sacrifice taking place.

So, no, no particular reason why they don't die, except... well, the author needed them alive.


Does anyone know what those branches are in Goblin Slayer episode 7?

NSFW (Nudity) content and manga spoilers ahead.

Those are White Birch Branches. It's also mentioned in the manga during Chapter 20.

I'm not sure of their exact use but according to the Wikipedia page of birches,

  fragrant twigs of silver birch are used in saunas to relax the muscles.

This seems to coincide with what is shown in the manga/anime, as it looks like it is used to relieve exhaustion and provide relaxation.


Where can I buy a one-shot manga called 'Prisoner' (written in Katakana)?

The one-shot is titled プリズナー (purizunaa, Prisoner) by Masakazu Ishiguro.

It was serialized in もっと！ (motto!, More!) vol.7, published in August 2014.

It can be bought on Amazon Japan.

*The magazine is on hiatus since the end of 2014 and there doesn't seem any licensed English translation of it.


For me, it was old money vs new money. Yubaba keeps rushing to make money, accepts tourists etc. Money became not the means to an end but the end itself. Her bathhouse is modern corporation, Zeniba's house is old school mom and pop store. Chihiro gets her first job in a large corporation, gets treated as disposable, grows up... But it is no way to live, to truly be adult, that is not the true meaning of adulthood. There has to be more to life than money. And it is Zeniba which shows her true grandmotherly kindness and gives her some peace and respite from the story.

In a way, Zeniba is at peace with nature. She takes what she needs from it, but no more than that. Yubaba uses nature to gain money and she only cleans the river god for gold. And Zeniba doesn't do much, maybe because she is retired; in modern world, people don't search for her, her ways are not wanted anymore. Her entrance in the story can be seen as reaction to Yubaba's actions.

"You and your corporate thinking are not all powerful and all good, Yubaba. I will show you the different way to do things. The old way!" Zeniba says with her actions. And it turns out that there is value in old ways, in traditions long forgotten. That is my interpretation at least. They represent old ways to do business and grow up and new ways to do that and you need to understand both to be a complete person and live in modern society which at the same time has long traditions.

Also, an interesting thought and a way of looking at the story:
Sen didn't search for Zeniba until she has seen naked greed of her coworkers, until she has seen them consumed by it. A lesson can be seen as this: As long as you spend all your time at work, you will not see your parents again. If that is what you truly want, then stop working, visit your grandmother and your parents will return to their senses and see you again.


Why hasn't Team Rocket's Meowth evolved?

Meowth can't evolve because he can't battle.

As stated on Meowth's Bulbapedia article:

  Meowth normally does not battle unless there are extreme circumstances; his explanation is that his ability to talk and walk upright came at the expense of battling ability.

A good example of this is Pokémon: The First Movie, where Meowth and his clone are two of the only three Pokémon that don't get involved in the final battle (the third being Ash's Pikachu, who refuses to fight back against his clone). Because Meowth never fights, he never earns any experience, and therefore he can never evolve.

I guess Team Rocket could just stuff him full of Rare Candies until he evolves into Persian, but that then raises the question of where they would get all those Rare Candies from, as they're consistently shown to be short on funds.


What's the name of this song from Episode 16 of Shingeki no Kyojin?

The song is called 'Call Your Name', arranged and composed by Hiroyuki Sawano.
Here's a link to the part that you mentioned, when they receive their capes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ApU72YmOcY8
This is an AMV of the song (which I have downloaded myself): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ9kKyo40PY

I would recommend downloading an app called Shazam to help with identifying music and song lyrics

Hope this helps!


Does the Trio of Elemia actually exists?

The Trio of Elemia are actual mythological figures in Ar Ciel that existed far before the Towers were even in planning stages: they are the protagonists of the first myth to ever have been told in that planet (Stelliarhythm - Festival of the Stars), and they were the first three demigoddesses to have been created by the Wills of the Planet shortly after humanity was created. Each of the three sisters had power over an element: Eolia could control the wind, Frelia the earth and Tilia the water; and since they were what gave hope to the newborn humanity and allowed them to continue exist, they were revered ever since. This is also the reason why the three Origin Reyvateils are named after each of the three mythical sisters: Shurelia (true name: Eolia), Frelia and Tilia.

However, the Tilia that appeared in the game was no more than a disguise Mir used to get Aurica and Lyner to cooperate in the plans for her resurrection, and Aurica has zero relationship to Mir aside of them both having similar enough mental wave frequencies that the Tower mistakenly assigned her a copy of Mir's Hymn Code. The only reason Mir says that is because she considers all Reyvateils except for Shurelia and the Star Singers as her daughters during her hatred-filled phase. Mir already grew out of it, as a comment she made in the official fan-site Ar Portal reveals she doesn't want to be associated with Aurica in any way, and even feared what would have happened if she ended having Aurica's personality after she took over her.


What was the screen that appeared of Senjougahara during her phone conversation with Kaiki?

The first thing to note is that this is a clear reference to Blade Runner, the American scifi classic movie. In fact, it's the same reference as was made in Uchouten Kazoku (see Is the "wakakusa" ad a references to something?), namely to the famous geisha ads in Blade Runner which play several times throughout the movie. These ads are for the gastrointestinal drug "Strong Wakamoto", which is a real product that is quite popular in Japan, but essentially only known in the West through its connection to Blade Runner. It's not unusual that this scene would get referenced many times in different works, since it's one of the most memorable scenes in the movie and plays several times.

Here, the visible text from the OP above is 「．．．力わかも．．．」, which could easily be completed to 「強力わかもと」("kyouryoku wakamoto") which is exactly what the original Blade Runner ads said and also the name of the product. There's also the iconic pill swallowing animation a little bit later, which again is a very strong reference to the original ad:

Click for large animated GIF

As for why exactly the ad plays here, it's impossible to be sure, but there are several possible reasons. Of course, Monogatari tends to throw lots of references out just to keep viewers on their toes, and this is probably one of them. On a deeper level, it could be used in much the same way as the original ad, to disorient and slightly confuse viewers. Of course, given that the geisha is supposed to be attractive, a third possibility is that this is a metaphor to show that Kaiki has some attraction towards Senjougahara (there are some other hints of this as well in Koimonogatari).


How did Mei Chang use Alchemy when Father stopped it?

it's because Mei used Alkahestry

  Alkahestry (錬丹術, Rentanjutsu), also called Purification Arts (連弾主, Rendan-nushi), refers to the slightly different form of Alchemy used in the country of Xing. Alkahestry differs from Alchemy in both its practice and its goal. Whereas Amestrian Alchemy claims to have its roots in the energy of tectonic shifts and practices manipulation of matter toward scientifically practical ends, Alkahestry is centered on a concept called the "Dragon's Pulse" which speaks of the Earth itself having a constant flow of chi (life energy) which flows metaphorically from the tops of mountains down to the land, nourishing everything it passes with that energy as does blood coursing through the veins.

Following the events in Xerxes, Van Hohenheim went East to Xing and helped develop Alkahestry. Father on the other hand headed west to Amestris and Developed Alchemy purposely to be flawed, with the difference between them (being discovered by Scar or maybe his brother) being that Father was the source of Alchemy.

  After the circle is activated, Scar explains to Lan Fan how his brother had learned about alchemy and how Alkahestry had intrigued him. Scar's brother had been mystified as to why the National Library contained no books on the subject and was forced to rely on caravans from Xing to learn about Alkahestry. In his studies, he discovered to his horror that alchemy did not come from the energy of tectonic plate movement, but rather from a far more sinister source.

Source: Scar/History > March Toward the Future (5th paragraph)

The Wiki points to Father's wiki entry as the "far more sinister source"

  However, to ensure his teachings would not be used against him, he placed himself under what would become Central Command and used himself as a buffer against tectonic energy so alchemists would actually use energy derived from the souls of Xerxes contained within himself.

Source: Father > Part in the Story (6th Paragraph)

Also pointed out on the wiki. while Mei is the only one to use Alkahestry. Scar's Alchemy uses alkahestry principles allowing him to use it while Alchemy was sealed


Is Shanks Haki different from other users?

First of all, you need to know what Haoshoku Haki is. It is a rare form of Haki that cannot be attained through training. Only one in a million people have this ability. Though it cannot be attained via training but one who possesses  can master it by undergoing rigorous training.

What is Shanks Power, If "Haoshoku Haki" then is it different from other user?

Now coming to your question, the difference between the 2 events you're talking about boils down to 2 points.
Superiority of Haki - Shanks has a highly superior Haki than Luffy and thus the effect/impact of his Haki would be far greater than that of Luffy's.
According to the wiki,

Oda mentioned in a SBS that Shanks could have knocked out all 100,000 pirates and fishmen opposing the Straw Hats during the Fishman Island Arc with his Haoushoku Haki (Luffy managed to overwhelm 50,000).

Usage of Haki - If you have a look at the wiki,

There have been two ways in which this Haki has been used. The first and most common way is in a quick burst that will knock out those with weaker wills relatively easily. The second method is to release it continuously, which will not only knock out those of weak wills around the user, but also put pressure on the surroundings, actually affecting other physical objects besides living beings.

Luffy happened to use the Haki in quick burst to knock out all the weak willed ones, whereas Shanks opted the second method to release it continuously, which not only knocked out the weak willed users, but all affected the physical object (the ship in this case) in the surroundings. Shanks was in Whitebeard's ship, and thus he had to be on guard always as both of them were the Yonkos at that time.


What's the difference between Haineko and Senbonzakura?

For Matsumoto Rangiku's shikai:

  When released with the command "growl" (唸れ unare?), the blade dissolves into ash. In combat, Matsumoto can control the movement of the ash, and cut anything it lands on by moving the hilt. The ash is also solid enough to be used as a shield to block enemy attacks

For Kuchiki Byakuya's shikai:

  ...Senbonzakura's blade separates into thousands of slender, petal-like blades.... While the blades are too small to be seen by the naked eye, they reflect light in such a way as to appear as cherry blossom petals. Byakuya can control the blades at will thereby allowing him to shred opponents at a distance and break through almost any defense. While Byakuya can control the blades with his mind alone, using his hands allows him to do so more effectively, making the blades move twice as fast.

There seem to be a few main differences, though they are very similar.

Byakuya can control the blades of his with his mind, while Matsumoto needs to move the hilt.
The ash can be used as a shield while Senbonzakura cannot.


I don't know the how part since in the anime, it was when Yukito was slowly vanishing due to his lack of powers and that's when Touya admitted to Yukito that he knows about his alter-ego (Yue) and his need for power. If I remember correctly, Yue appeared after that then Touya gave his power to him, sacrificing his ability to sense danger and see poeple who has passed away like their mom Nadeshiko. Touya just fainted after that. It happened on this episode. I haven't seen the manga so I probably missed something on the how part (if a ritual was done to transfer Touya's powers to Yukito).

With regards to Touya having the powers to be able to maintain Yue's power, remember that in the manga

  Sakura's father, is one of Clow Reed's reincarnation (the other is Eriol). So Touya probably inherit his magical powers or spiritual awareness from him. Though this fact was completely removed from the anime, though it can only be the reason for Touya having such powers.


According to /r/anime:

  Golden hair status is supposed to be the effect that the Aragami Cells have on the human body when pushed to extremes.

So, basically, he was physically maxed out while fighting Pita, and as a result, his hair turned gold.


Is Goku aware that he is in the UI state?

If he was aware the first time he entered  is kind of unsure, however the second time he definitely was. We see him casually talking with Kefla(she asked him if that was ultra something, he responded its called ultra instinct). Further into the fight he mentioned he is getting the hang of it(meaning he is somewhat in full control) however, as Whis has mentioned it, he still thinks about his attack thus limiting his full potential in the state.
There is still room for improvement in this state, but he is gradually mastering it. I think when his rematch with Jiren will happen he will be in full control.


Who are these characters referenced in chapter 4 of Spotted Flower?

They're from a Visual Novel called Kizuato. The names are (in order of their pictures):

Kashiwagi Hatsune (柏木 初音)

Kashiwagi Kaede (柏木 楓)

Kashiwagi Azusa (柏木 梓)

Kashiwagi Chizuru (柏木 千鶴)

As for "Kashiwagi Azusa"'s name (柏木 梓), I'm not sure why it was translated as "Azuki", but if you look at the original Japanese:

It says "Azusa".


What kind of institution is Gotei 13? Authority? Justice? Policy maker?

The Gotei 13 was mainly used to keep the control and order in the Soul Society. They are also the first line of defense from any enemies, such as Hollows, Quincies, etc. They maintain the balance between the spirit world and the real world by eliminating Hollows, and guiding lost souls.

The main purpose of the 13 was to provide an authoritative sense. Hope this answers your question.


What is the source for the Androids unlimited energy supply?

I'd like to believe she has Ki, because she is part human.  At the world tournament Goku asks how her and Krillin had a child together and he explains that she was human to begin with and turned into an android by Dr. Gero.
(Season 7 episode 208 or 209)(I can't remember exactly)

"The correct term is Cyborg. Human with cybernetic parts, she was human by birth and turned into a cyborg, thus retaining certain human functionality, such as being able to get pregnant."

But that still raises the question why Goku and the others couldn't detect their energy. I guess some things should just be left unasked?


When do the sub-titles ("determination to fist", etc.) for each season of Symphogear get dropped?

Meteoroid-falling, burning, and disappear, then...

This is just the title of S1E13 - 「流れ星、堕ちて燃えて尽きて、そして―」. This refers to how, after Hibiki/Chris/Tsubasa attacked the chunk of the moon knocked loose by Kadingir, the resulting fragments fell to Earth as shooting stars, i.e. meteors. (Really, the title should probably have "meteoroids" plural. Crunchyroll wisely titles S1E13 as "Meteoroids Falling, Burning, Disappearing, and Then...".)

I'm not aware of this line actually being uttered anywhere in-universe.

  In the distance, that day, when the star became music...

This is a direct translation of 「遥か彼方　星が音楽となった…彼の日」, which is the first line of the second and seventh verses of "Gyakkou no Flugel", the Zwei Wing insert song from S1E01.

Naturally, this line is also part of the lyrics to "Niji-iro no Flugel", the reorchestrated version of "Gyakkou no Flugel" that was used as the ED for S2E13 and S3E13.

  Believe in justice and hold a determination to fist.

This is almost certainly an attempt at translating the title of Hibiki's first insert song from G, 「正義を信じて、握り締めて」 "Seigi wo Shinjite, Nigirishimete". A more natural translation would be something like "Believe in justice and hold it tight". I haven't the slightest idea how "determination to fist" came about, and I'm happy to award a bounty to anyone who comes up with a compelling explanation of how they bumbled their way into this translation.


How many tallies does Toko Fukawa have on her leg exactly?

The answer is: there's no exact number, the tally marks changed from one to other titles.

For reference, this is how the Japanese tally marks work for 1 to 5:

Ignoring the fan arts since there are too many variants,

Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc

Probably 32. It seems she wrote the mark from top-to-bottom (from her POV), thus finishing the first row of 20 (4x5). Continuing to the bottom row, there are 3 visible characters. Assuming she wrote it from left-to-right, the first 2 characters should have finished, making them 10 (2x5). The last character seems to stop at 2.
Danganronpa: The Animation (correspond to DR: Trigger Happy Havoc)

At least 30. The visible tally marks are in form of 2 rows of 3 characters, and all of them are complete, making them 30 (2x3x5).
Danganronpa Another Episode: Ultra Despair Girls

The 3D model only shows 4 characters and in the same pattern with DR1 with the last character stops at 2. Since the rest are probably hidden by her skirt, at least 17 (+ multiple of 5), or possibly 32 (same as DR1).

However, her in-game artwork shows different tally marks. There area 3 rows of 3 characters instead. The bottom-middle character seems to be the last character and stops at 2. It's probably 37 (7x5 + 2).
Cyber Danganronpa VR: The Class Trial (correspond to DR: Trigger Happy Havoc)

(Caution: probably NSFW, panty image)

Probably 27 or 37. The visible tally marks are in form of 2 rows of 3 characters, while the last character stops at 2. There might be another pair hidden behind her thigh, making the total to 37.
Divine Gate (collaboration)

Probably 37. The visible tally marks are in form of 2 rows of 4 characters (the first pair is hidden in the shadow), and the last character stops at 2.

Conclusion

The tally marks are between 17-37, with 32 & 37 as possible answers. However, one certain thing is, the last character stops at 2.


How can I know if an anime is episodic or has a continuous plot?

Anime-Planet has an episodic tag which gives you what you want. AniList and AniDB also have their own episodic tag. ANN, MAL and Kitsu don't seem to provide this feature as far as I know.


Why do Conan and the Detective Boys call Ai "Haibara-san"?

To expand my comment, it's because she's a transfer student and always act mature

Ayumi tried to call her Ai-cahn several times but too afraid to do so

But in the end, she was able to call he Ai-chan, but when the other called her that, she refused

Pictures taken from Case Closed Chapter 398 and 400


An anime where the main character lives with a bunch of "outcasts" and has to take care of a girl without any social skills

This sounds just like Sakurasou no Pet na Kanojo (The Pet Girl of Sakurasou).

Some points that matches your description:

They all attend Suimei University of the Arts, which is divided into 2 divisions: Arts Division and Regular Division.
They all live in Sakurasou, where they do not fit in any other dorms because they are unique.
The main character, Sorata, had to take care of Shiina as the latter is incapable of doing anything by herself. She is a world renowned painter and is working to be a mangaka.
Nanami later moves to Sakurasou because she couldn't afford her rent. Her dream is to be a seiyuu, but her family opposes her decision and doesn't provide any support, so she had to word part-time for expenses.
There is an avatar called Maid-chan, an A.I developed by the hikikomori Ryuunosuke.

There are of course some things that doesn't match your description, but it might have been a mistake.


What happened to Hierophant Green's painting power?

Because he never had such an ability.
The painting was just a prop. As soon as Kakyoin stroke the canvas, he had Hierophant cut Jotaro. While this is not stated, it's heavily implied because as soon as he painted Jotaro, he threw the painting into a tree, signifying its unimportance, instead of using it again when he confronted Jotaro.


A very short answer is because Eren doesn't know how to.

Spoilers below:

   Eren has what that has been called as "The Co-ordinate" which was passed to him from Freida Reiss through his father. This is the ability of the Founding Titan which allowed them control over the titans and memory manipulation. We do not yet know how exactly this power works. The real limit of this power is unknown, but as it can be observed, it extends to the point of making Titans perform actions that threaten their own lives. It was also mentioned by Rod Reiss that the power is so strong, it has the potential to wipe out all the Titans if the user is able to wield it to its full strength.

Then why it was Eren was unable to use it while he had contact with a royal bloodline, the reason is that Eren has only shown this power under very rare and unique circumstances. One can argue that the danger to his life was one such circumstance, but unless the writer clarfies the exact nature of this power we don't know the limitations.

For more information, with HEAVY SPOILERS refer to : Wikia : Founding Titan


Was it ever confirmed canonically that Itachi was a pacifist?

For me, not entirely.

If we base our definition of pacifist or pacifism from Wikipedia, we can read the following:

  Pacifism is opposition to war, militarism or violence.

Yes, Itachi was indeed opposed to war and this was confirmed canonically. In Chapter 400, Madara explains that after Itachi witnessed the Third Great Ninja War:

  That trauma made Itachi into a conflict-hating, peace-loving man.

However, if we look again into a more detailed definition of Pacifism:

  Pacifism covers a spectrum of views, including the belief that international disputes can and should be peacefully resolved...

In the same chapter, Madara revealed that the Third Hokage tried to resolve the dispute peacefully but time ran out. Itachi, however, never did. He had already decided that wiping out the entire Uchiha was the only way to prevent another war.

  ...rejection of the use of physical violence to obtain political, economic or social goals...

Itachi, even though he was forced, massacred his clan in order to try to preserve peace.

So, while he might be a 'conflict-hating, peace-loving man', he is not entirely opposed to using violence to preserve peace. This conflicts some beliefs related to pacifism so with this, I do not think he is entirely a pacifist.


This answer was written when the show was first airing, in Fall 2016.  I don't claim to have watched it; I've only gleaned information about this particular show from Wikipedia.

The description for it on Wikipedia gives a pretty good summary of the story.

  Yuri!!! on Ice follows a Japanese figure skater named Yuri Katsuki following a crushing defeat during the final of a Grand Prix competition. As Yuri becomes mixed over his feelings about ice skating, among the other troubles in his life, he goes to an ice rink and perfectly mimics an advanced skating routine performed by the famous Russian figure skater Victor Nikiforov. When footage of Yuri's performance is uploaded to the internet, it catches the attention of Victor, who decides to become Yuri's coach and train him alongside another skater, Yuri Plisetsky.

From this, I can surmise:

The main demographic are fans of [male] ice skating
The main character is male
The story appears to be about this person's struggle to get back to prominence in a sport in which he thrived in

Not sure I see any yaoi or shounen ai vibes that are explicit in there, since this is predominately an anime about figure skating with a cast of male characters.  There may be some degree of fanservice to that direction, but you really won't know much about the show until you watch the first couple of episodes.

Then again, if this genuinely makes you feel uncomfortable, share a moment of sympathy for every late-teen/early 20s woman who sees an all-girls anime and plenty of shojo ai overtones...


Why can't Inuzuka clan's dogs use human language?

Well the difference is quite simple.

the Inuzuka clan's dogs are simple dogs. They can understand human language very well and are the "sidekicks" of the Inuzuka. Kiba and Akamaru understand each other by "Hand Wave".
This is not explained any further as it is prescriptive.

Kakashi's dogs on the other hand are Summoned. They are not "real" dogs  but spirits, comparable to Gamabunta, Gamakichi and the other Kuchiose No Jutsu summoned animals.


What are all of the quotes in the OP of Eden of the East from?

This blogpost has a transcript of all of the text from the opening. Not all of them are famous quotes.

  "I saw you in Heaven
  and heard of your glory
  You saved our world from the fallen angels
  I saw Messiah standing
  Standing before me with no words
  Nothing but "Hope"
  When we lost dread, a Demon was laughing
  But now you are showing us wonder
  Giving your love
  With awe, down on my knees again
  I've got to know you're the one
  The only one reveals the world"

This is repeated multiple times throughout the OP and seems to be part of the song 東のエデン挿入歌「Reveal The World」

  "The abuse of greatness is when it disjoins remorse from power."

As you've noted, it's Brutus from Julius Caesar, by William Shakespeare.

  "Mail
  Own date
  Media tool
  Appli
  Camera
  Phone book
  Iseg
  Music
  Service
  Setting
  You've got mail
  Calling
  Talking"

These seem to be options (partially obscured) of the phone.

  "Let me walk with you when I'm lost in the wild
  I know you always lead me to another Eden
  Let me bless your name, O Lord, O Lord
  Your words will never fade away
  Since we believe you're the light on earth
  Reveals the world"

Also from the "Reveal the world" song lyrics.

The rest seems to be proper names and instances from the show itself, like "noblesse oblige", and "Juiz", and "Selecao system
12 persons selected in Japan". So the only real quote I guess is from the Julius Caesar play.


It explain pretty well in manga and anime. She's not his sister, but she's his niece. Her mother is Shoya's sister and her father is a Brazilian. Maria's MAL page also mentioned

  Ishida's young niece who lives with Ishida and his family. Maria is half-Japanese from her mother's side and half-Brazilian from her father's side.

This is her father


Has anyone ever gotten hurt in Girls Und Panzer?

I don't believe there has ever been a death of a character due to a tank-related incident. However, this is largely due to safety precautions taken by the officials in charge of the tank activities. (And also, a bit of anime physics.)
From the (fan-)translated Rules of Panzerkraft:

3-02 Supplemental Equipment    Furthermore, for the safety of the participants, the crew compartments are required to be fitted with League-approved armored mantles as an added safety measure.
3-03 Usable Cannons    All rounds are to be League-sanctioned live ammunition; production of your own warheads or charges is not allowed.
5 Prohibited Actions    a) Using unregulated equipment or parts    c) Firing directly on humans

Note the usage of controlled armor, rounds, and a rule that you may not fire at a human. So, it does appear that the tank warfare is dangerous to people, but the safety measures in place are enough that the direct warfare does not cause any fatalities or serious injuries. (I think there's an incident where one girl has her glasses broken, but that's it.)


Is there hard proof for the Curse of Ymir?

I noticed that Grisha Jaeger did not suffer the rapid aging that other titan shifters experience in their later years. There is one major variable however, Grisha didn't use his powers nearly as much as the others, or suffer major injuries very frequently.
  Aging is caused by the inevitable genetic screw-ups that occur during cell division. The Matter and Energy may com from Paths(whatever they may be). But instructions for building the titan titan bodies and growing back limbs? That comes from the shifter.

Grisha Only used his titan form twice(Getting to the walls and supper with the Reiss family), and he doesn't get major injuries like a soldier(You know, like Eren Kruger) might experience. It would also explain why Grisha slacked off on his mission for 12 years until he heard about some big-ass titan kicking a hole in the wall.


How does Nagato create and use so many Rinnegan eyes?

Rinnegan occurs so rarely that the Sage of Six Paths was considered a myth, so those multiple Rinnegan's are surely not distinct ones.

Nagato's bodies seemingly having their own Rinnegan is an ability provided by the Six Paths of Pain technique. According to Narutopedia:

  The Six Paths of Pain (ペイン六道, Pein Rikudō) is an Outer Path technique
  devised by Nagato after being crippled by Hanzō and rendered emaciated
  from the numerous chakra receivers embedded in his back by the Demonic
  Statue of the Outer Path. By piercing corpses with chakra receivers, a
  wielder of the Rinnegan can manipulate the bodies as though they are
  their own.

The article further says:

  Because of the fact that he was crippled, Nagato channelled the
  abilities of the Six Paths into six different bodies (one ability per
  body). The only common features shared by these bodies were the
  Rinnegan they gained from this technique, the chakra receivers each
  were pierced with and their bright orange hair, which had been dyed to
  match the Deva Path's natural hair colour.

In other words, the multiple Rinnegan's are like "projections" or copies of Nagato's own Rinnegan, transmitted through the chakra rods. This theory can be further confirmed based on the following:

   In Tobi's version of the Six Paths of Pain technique, his six bodies received a Rinnegan and a Sharingan, and he had a Rinnegan and a Sharigan at the time.


What is the source of Saitama's enormous power?

The anime version of One Punch Man is really accurate on regard to the manga so nothing has been revealed in the manga that hasn't in the anime.

As you mentionned, in the manga, Saitama followed what he would call a hard training every day :

100 push-ups
100 sit-ups
100 squats
10 kilometers every day
no air-conditioner

As a result, Saitama loses his hair, and becomes incredibly powerful.

This training is the source of his power.
Keep in mind that One Punch Man is intended as a shonen parody as it is making a parody of its codes.

In a lot of shonens, training is a main part of the manga.

As an example, in Dragon Ball, the sayans spend years in the Hyperbolic Time Chamber in order to become stronger.

By making the training of Saitama so simple (compared to the heroes capacities), One Punch Man is making fun of this Shonen code. Therefore we may not expect any more explanation on what Saitama did in order to become stronger.


What is the lightning coming out from Boruto's eye at the end of 13th episode of Boruto?

It is Dojutsu, the ability to detect things such as chakra which is generally unseen by a normal eye. At the age of 8, which is the age he is at currently within the anime, he is able to use it subconsciously, i.e. unknowingly but at the right moments. But if you watch the first episode where we see a teenage Boruto we see that Boruto is now able to use the Dojutsu, i.e. his eye on his own will.

The origins of this power are still unknown, and I can only speculate that this is somehow related to the seal that Momoshiki presents on Boruto's palm after Boruto defeats him.


What did Nezuko to help Tanjiro in his battle against the older brother spider?

She uses her Blood Demon Technique - Exploding Blood to ignite her blood that was splattered over Rui's webs. This incinerates the threads that where about to cut Tanjirō and also ignites the blood on Tanjirō's blade which allows him to cut off Rui's head.


Was SAO originally designed to be community-driven?

While MMORPGs do usually have shop NPCs, it is important to note that they usually don't sell the best gear. (Or even good gear)
The best gear is either from bosses, random drops, or, from crafting. It seems that in SAO, good gear was made via crafting, as we see when Kirito asks Liz to make him a sword, and they go hunting for materials.

So it seems like it was intended to be community driven, as you could raise skills, and craft, and as it is fairly obvious that not everybody wants to have a high blacksmith skill, as you could always buy it with money you get otherwise.

And you say Igneel, but I think you mean Agil.


What is the meaning of Rosario and why did Yuuki name that skill "Mother's Rosario"?

Yuuki's mother turned to Catholicism after learning about her and her family's affliction. This much I'm pretty sure was mentioned in the anime, and it left a strong impression on Yuuki herself.

The author said the skill name is a memento to her mother. (I'll need to find the exact quote later, but it was an answer to a fan's question on Twitter) He used "Rosario" instead of "Rosary" because the Japanese loan word was taken from Portuguese. A rosary itself is a set of prayers called "Hail Mary's". There are also ornaments like necklaces or rings with specific beads for counting the Hail Mary's, also called Rosaries. While it may be speculative, I also think that each hit from the 11-hit skill by Yuuki represents a physical rosary's components, as the typical rosary has ten beads each to represent a Hail Mary, plus a crucifix.


Are you talking about the Tōryanse? A traditional children's song that's commonly used at street crossings to indicate that it's free to cross the street.


Arata Naru Sekai OVA, premise and explanation of the ending?

The anime is a part of what is called a multiple multimedia experience. The anime is the third part of the story, whereas the light novel and the manga fill in the stories of the people who went to the past and those who stayed in the present. You have to read all of the parts to really understand the anime and its ending.


Why was Lemiel healed from his wounds when he was brought back from his statue form?

in my opinion it is because he has been sealed by nero A.K.A secre swallowtail by using a magic stone and probably also because it has been a very long time since he was sealed and the wound healed by itself


How does Tomoe's father know who kenshin is or that they were even married?

Tomoe knew that Kenshin was her fiance's assassin. She moved to Kyoto, desperate to find him. So we can assume that the rest of the family knew about Kenshin too.

When Kenshin kills, he delivers the "Tenshu", a signature for the crimes, that identifies the faction responsible for the murders. Kenshin's reputation among the Ishin Shishi and their ennemies was increasing (remember that the Shinsen Gumi has a physical description of him before actually meeting Kenshin).

So Mr Yukishiro knows that his daughter's fiance was killed by the Ishin Shishi's assassin, and later on, that assassin became famously known has a man with red hair and 2 scars across his left cheek. Even if Kenshin's name was unknown to most, his appearance and skill was becoming a legend.

Now, how would he know about Tomoe's wedding? She wrote to Enishi, once they moved close to Ootsu. That is why Enishi meets them in the mountain (and he already knows that Kenshin is responsible for her fiance's death). We can assume that Tomoe's father learnt about her wedding from Enishi.

Source: Manga + the OVA Rurouni Kenshin Tsuioku Hen


How did Dragon Ball “break the internet”?

Somewhat a hyperbole but not far from the truth.
Due to simulcast nature of streaming sites like Crunchyroll, sometimes, a surge in views can break a streaming service.
Here are just two news reports I found in 2018 and 2017 at a cursory search. Both refer to the Dragon Ball Super's hour-long special, although it may have happened elsewhere.


Where should I start the Tokyo Ghoul manga from?

Start from the beginning, they've changed some things in the anime.
(Not to mention that the 2nd season deviated from the manga completely)
It's weekly, and do note that after Tokyo Ghoul, there's Tokyo Ghoul:re.


What are the responsibilities of key staff members in an anime production?

There's a pretty good summary of a lot of the positions here.

Original Creator
Director
Enshutsu (Animation Technical Director)
Character Designer
Animation Supervisor
Key Animators
Inbetweeners
Producer
Art Director (Art Model and Background)
Color Coordinator
Finisher
Special Effect / CG Artist

These are just a few highlights:

  Original Creator (gensaku)
  The original creator is the person who came up with the concept for
  the story originally. This may be the original manga creator, a
  novelist, game developer, playwright, author, oracle, prophet, or
  whoever can come up with an original idea.

  Enshutsu
  Often translated as animation director or technical director. Enshutsu
  is one of the most difficult and most important jobs in the Japanese
  animation industry. The enshutsu is between the director (kantoku) and
  the production staff. He is responsible for checking and supervising
  the show through the production, from initial story to the final
  released product, and in many cases, has almost total control over it.
  He checks the animation drawings as they are being done, sets up the
  scenes before they go to camera and supervises the sound and voice
  recordings and all the editing amongst many other jobs. The exact job
  and responsibilities vary from company to company, and from show to
  show as well. Sometimes the enshutsu ends up as the whipping boy for
  the director; sometimes he or she carries the show and the director
  sits back and watches. On larger productions there is sometimes more
  than one enshutsu and usually quite a few assistants. It is important
  to have a good knowledge of animation production as well as artistic
  talent to do the job and it usually takes four or more years in the
  industry before someone can do the job right.

  Inbetweening (douga) The inbetweeners use the key drawings as reference points and produce drawings that fit between the
  positions on the keys. This smoothes out the movement and makes the
  animation look better. (The more inbetweens there are, the more fluid
  the movement becomes and the more expensive the animation becomes.)
  Inbetweening is a relatively non-creative job. It is more tracing than
  anything else. The hours are long and the key animators are sometimes
  very hard to work with. The cruelest part of being an inbetweener is
  that they rarely get to work on anything they are fans of and what
  they do get to work on they burn out on quickly. (I know some
  animators and an enshutsu that you can send into convulsions by
  whispering "Ranma" in their ears.) After 2 or 3 years of grueling
  inbetweening, animators who can handle it are usually promoted to
  keys.

As for a position that is present in anime production but not as common in western or traditional animation, I could could only find one position that might fit the bill.

  Color Coordination (Iroshitei)
  The Color Coordinator decides all the colors for everything that will
  be painted/colored by the shiage department in the show and creates an
  iroshitei hyou (color model pack) that the staff can refer to when
  painting. This job requires not only good color sense but a good
  memory, as the CC should be able to keep an idea of what the colors
  for the whole show look like in her head so that when questions come
  up about small details and things not in the iroshitei hyou she
  doesn't need to pull all the models and think about it.
  The CC makes
  color models of each of the characters and the props, mecha etc. in
  the computer paint system. The painters use these models when coloring
  the various scenes.
  In the old days of liquid paint, there were 327
  commonly used Taiyou Shikisai (Taiyo Paint Company) cel paints but
  they had over 1,000 in their catalog. Each color had a code number
  which originally was its equivalent to the DIC (Dai Nippon Ink
  Company) code. Color code numbers were usually a letter followed by
  numbers like GY-40 and RP-99. (Some companies used another paint
  company - Stack - but their paint was more expensive (and higher
  quality) and the paint codes were different.)
  A good way of telling
  that you had done this job too long is when you lookout a train window
  at a sunset or forest and find yourself determining what paint colors
  they it is composed of. Computers have made life a lot easier with
  16.7 million colors ending the need for weird paint codes but now you look at that sunset and wonder what dpi you would have to scan it in
  to get good output quality.

I'm sure other types of animations have color coordinators but this one is somewhat specific to anime since it deals with a specific Asian company and their limited paint color selection.

The full page is worth a read as it has a lot of the Japanese names of positions in addition to their translated names.


In the manga,

   he is shown to use Ultra Instinct when all the Gods of Destruction were coerced into fighting each other. Everyone ganged up on Beerus because they didn't like him for various reasons, and he was able to successfully fend them all off for a short period of time. It should be noted that he is not at Whis' level, and still training his Ultra Instinct.


Has there ever been an instance of an officially crowd-funded translation of a novel?

As of now, yes! Some Visual Novels (these count as novels in my book) have been successfully crowd funded out here.  A few examples of that are mostly done by the Sekai Project.

For example, World End Economica was already funded and has been translated and released. The original KickStarter can be found here. Sekai Project is working on a few others, too. These include:

Clannad (already funded)
Grisaia
WAS
fault Milestone One

So, the answer is a resounding YES now! With Clannad on the horizon, we might see even more of these reach out into the English tongue.


Who are the sibling groups in this picture?

I answered my own question partway through writing it with a visit to http://iqdb.com. Rather than delete the question, I made it a shill for iqdb (brought to my attention by Logan M. in this question's answer.) iqdb led me to this page that lists all the series and characters in this picture.

The far left pair is Lelouch and Nunnally Lamperouge from Code Geass.

Next to Lelouch and Nunnally are Izaya Orihara and his younger twin sisters Mairu and Kururi, from Durarara!!.

Next are Hiromi Souma and Aoi Yamada from Working!!. They're not actually siblings, but Aoi tries to make Hiromi into her big brother.

Then we have the Araragi siblings from the Monogatari series. (The reason I found this picture.)

Next to them are Shouma and Himari Takakura from Mawaru Penguindrum.

The pair on the far right is twin brothers Yuuta and Yuuki Asaba from Kimi to Boku.


What exactly happens to a Titan's body after it is killed?

In episode 15, "Special Operations Squad: Prelude to the Counterattack, Part 2" where Zoe Hange has those 2 captured titans (which she named "Sawney" and "Bean"), she mentions that the Titans seem unusually light for how large they are, and that a severed arm of one of the titans weighed nothing, which allows such large bodies to move so quickly with great agility.

Though, at least so far in the anime and manga, there's no explanation to their physiology or what exactly happens after they die, it's probably the case that their solid state is being maintained by their mysterious "power source" and that once the source of power is gone (and thus cannot regenerate), their physical bodies (sans skeleton) return to the form of some type of gas.

So, to summarize this completely unsubstantiated speculation:

Titan's bodies are actually made up of some type of gaseous substance that weighs nothing
While alive, with its "power source", the gaseous substance takes on the form of solid flesh-like material, but still incredibly light
Without this "power source", the flesh returns to the gaseous state and evaporates.
This may or may not have to do with the extremely high body temperature that the titans have.


What happened to the Goblin army summoned by Enri using her last horn?

Like the Goblin Troops (although in the web novel the summons only last for an hour), they are permanent entities.

They along with the Troops act as guardians of Carne Village and E-Rantel. The are mentioned in passing in the epilogue of volume 11 (Dwarf craftsman arc) and volume 12 (Paladin of the Holy Kingdom Arc), chapter 2.


Judging from episode 24...

   When Senketsu transforms into Senketsu Kisaragi after absorbing everybody else's life fibers, we witness his right eye opening rather than becoming uncovered (gif). This suggests that Senketsu was, initially, "blind" in his right eye before receiving enough life fibers to fix that, or something, and hence, that the eyepatch-like element on Senketsu's right is probably in fact just Senketsu's eye scarred shut.

 It's not clear to me at this point how this relates to the notion that Senketsu is modeled after Matoi Isshin, given that Isshin wore an eyepatch over his right eye, but was probably not blind in that eye (judging from his face when he, as Souichirou, got out of the bodybag - screencap), unless whatever he did to change his appearance (plastic surgery perhaps?) blinded him.


What book is Saten reading to Febri in episode 19 of Railgun S?

The pages shown in the picture are exactly pages 12 and 13 of the Kino's
Journey picture book mentioned in the other answer. Here are
some photos of my own copy:

キノの旅 -the Beautiful World- 「記憶の国」 -Their Memories-,
Pages 12-13

Cover and obi

Pages 0-1

Pages 2-3

Pages 4-5


How many times did Satchii say "Boku Satchii!" throughout the series?

After extracting all subtitle files and looking for the name "Satchii", it looks like there are a total of 120 mentions of their name, and 20 times it's themselves announcing their arrival:

(Click for full size)


What was happening to Joshu Kasei at Sybil's core?

Choe attacks her with some acid just before that. It obviously didn't work quite as expected.


Identify this image of a girl with red hair wearing a dog puppet

The other answer is almost correct. The name of the VN is 楽園の令嬢（アリス）たち, but the parenthetical word after 令嬢 (normally meaning daughter or young woman) is means that word should be read as Alice (アリス) in this case. So the name of the game is, in romaji, Rakuen no Arisu-tachi. The character's name is indeed Inujima Rise (狗島離世). The game is by doujin group Harthnir, and version 0.01d was released in 2006.

It's not clear to me whether a full version of this game was ever released. There was definitely a trial version,  which the f-game page above mentions. All references I can find are for the trial version. The website for the game is also down. All the references I can find to the game are to ver0.01d or earlier, which was definitely released, but is not a full version (as far as I can tell). There were some rumors that the full game would be released in 2009, but very little new information has appeared since suggesting that this didn't happen. Assuming the game wasn't released, I'd probably conclude that it was abandoned.


Are Tales of Zestiria and Tales of Berseria connected in any way?

Tales of Berseria took places thousand of years before Zestiria during the time where human could still see Seraph (which during the time are called Malaks who descended from the heaven in droves after some sort of ritual during the Scarlet night).

The anime most likely try to connect the two by showing the origins of Hellions (Daemons as they called it during Berseria) and how Malaks develop emotion to become Seraphs of the Zestiria timeline. and as the episode 5 title suggest the Beginning of the Calamity.

P/S She wears some sorts of prison robe. she got back in gears after plundering what looks to be the prison Armory


The only ways to destroy the crystal hardening that has been shown in the manga are being destroyed by another hardening like jaw titan, or founding titan scream

 just like when Eren undid all the hardening in chapter 122

so I don't think they get destroyed by:

 titan rumbling

they just get pushed into the ground


Where does the Season 3 TV series start and end in the Manga Chapters?

S3 of Attack on Titan runs from Vol 13 Chap 51 to Vol 18 Chap 72

Source: MangaUpdates


Why is the Japanese flag supposed to be funny?

Ed's gesture means he throws the priest's ambition away to where the arrow points using his both hands. The SFX (onomatopoeia)「ぺいっ」(pei with small tu to express impetus) dexcribes the movement you toss away something light that you can easily carry such as a crumpled paper. 「ぽいっ」is used commonly but in this case, the author chose「ぺいっ」to make Ed's action a bit funnier because he totally ignored the priest's burning passion to conquer the nation in front of his nose.

About the Japanese flag, I think only the author knows the true meaning of it but I assume the flag is hoisted on the priest's head to make fun of him who's in shock by Ed's indifference.
It won't make a difference if it were a American flag or a tiny flower because it doesn't hold a serious meaning which affects the scene but only add a mockery taste to the conversation of them and give a tiny giggle to a reader.


Who will be the Noblesse after the current one dies?

As mentioned by Frankenstein before, there is only one Noblesse. Also during the entire manga up till today (2016-04-15), Noblesse is always mentioned as "the" Noblesse, never "a" Noblesse like is the case with Lord. For example, in chapter 389 where Raskreia was mentioned as "a Lord". This means that there is and was only one Noblesse, and that would be Rai.

Therefore, we can't possibly tell who will be called as "the Noblesse" suppose that Rai dies, since we currently has no information on the succession pattern of the "Noblesse" title like we had on the "Lord" title.


List of mangas by readership and reception

In Japan, I don't know of any chart which tracks readership, and statistics for that seem hard to gather. The next best thing is sales numbers, which represent how many volumes were bought, but volumes purchased do not necessarily directly correspond to readership. Comic sales numbers are reported on a weekly basis by Oricon, which is the go-to source for Japanese entertainment media rankings. These are reposted across the internet, including by Anime News Network in English (link to current most recent list). As one would expect, the weekly rankings tend to vary a lot depending on what has been recently released, so they also compile half-year sales statistics (English via ANN) which are probably more useful for determining what's currently popular.

Overseas, even sales statistics aren't going to do a very good job indicating what's popular because of the levels of manga piracy. They are still available for the US via NY Times, but they miss a significant number of viewers who are reading pirated manga (e.g. scanalations) and also don't report absolute numbers, only relative positions. Various indexing sites like ANN or MAL do have data for "most popular" manga based on their listings, which likely includes those who are obtaining it illegally, but these are all-time rankings. Current rankings are probably difficult to compile with the data they have.


The name was never mentioned, nor it was ever discussed about Tsunade's parents or origins, other than she being the granddaughter of the First.

In short, we don't know. It's also likely to not be revealed anytime soon, unless the author would include it in a databook or something similar.


A Manga About Four Princesses in A Kingdom around the Middle East

It's Four Daughters of Armian.

Once in Armian, Re-Manu XXXVII is awaiting her death. As it goes for years in history, the dying queen foretold the fate of her four daughters. Divination that would lead them toward their fate, and significance to determine the successor to rule Armian.
The beautiful Swarda is fated to marry a throne man of Persia. The smart and calm Aspasya will encounter a great leader of history.
But fate has its own plan to fool with their destiny. The first and the fourth daughter have their fates entangled, to both inherit the title of Re-Manu. There can't be a country with two leaders, so one has to given way to another. And of course it won't be the cold-hearted and ambitious Manua to give up the crown, who decides to exile her youngest sister.
Little Re-Syahrina has to start her journey to find a phoenix's feather to get back home, while the story is also concerned in Swarda's pain of being betrayed by her lover and sister, Aspasya relationship with a slave called Bahel, and the new Re-Manu who would sacrifice anything to fulfill her ambition, and her sisters aren't excepted.

The description you gave for each princess' fate really matched their story in the series, thus why I immediately reminded of Armian. Below is the daughters picture, started from the eldest (the first) to the youngest (the fourth).

First and eldest daughter, Manua, who later became the next Re-manu (Re-manu is the queen title in their country) after their mother, with second daughter's lover, Rihal (that later, just as you said it, became the father of her son).

Second daughter Swarda. She married Keser Keses (who is still related to Rihal), that became the King in another country (Persia according to description). I can't remember the motive of her death in Keses' hand, but IIRC, it happened very fast, the setting was a party, and Keses was kind of drunk. I only remember Keses was really, really in love with Swarda, but his love didn't seem to be reciprocated, and that became the seed to the tragedy.

Third daughter Aspasya, with Bahel. I forgot the detail, but yes, they met when they were young and Bahel was in lower position such as slave. Later, many events happened, and they're separated. Bahel became a man with a very important status in his homeland (I forgot whether he's a mere rich man or even someone with the status of a king/emperor. But, well, in description their mother also said it's "great leader in history"), and only reunited with Aspasya many, many years later. IIRC the instrument Aspasya played was harp.

Fourth and youngest daughter, Re-Syahrina, later became the last Re-manu, with what you describe as God of War. I forget his name actually, but searching and searching, I found the name was Eilius. I forget what God Eilius was exactly, but rather than war, it's something more general that descripting chaos. Further search, turned out to be he's God of Destruction, according to this source.


What happened in the hospital at the end of the anime/manga?

Obviously, this entire post is going to be spoilers.

  It's left as an open issue at the end of the series. Johan was operated on and saved yet again by Tenma and when he went to visit Johan at the police hospital, who was in a coma originally, Johan sat up and was talking to Tenma. But later we see the same room with an empty hospital bed.The conversation at the end was about which child Johan's mother wanted to keep, him or Anna/Nina. So there may be a clue in that.

Some of the possibilities:

  1. He died after waking up from the coma and talking to Tenma (Or Alternatively, the talking to Tenma bit could have been a daydream, but he died anyways)2. He was released and he's alive and well3. He escaped from the police hospital just like the beginning of the show and continues his ways.

.

  But the focus should be on the mother and her choice on which twin to give up and which to "save" and the title of the last episode, "The Real Monster". There's always been confusion as to which was which because previously we were told from conflicting memories. Some people think that the title of "The Real Monster" is the mother, some people think it's referring to everyone and the world, how the world can make anyone a monster, or, Johan is the real monster afterall. Each of these sort of correlates to one of the possibilities.If the mother was the real monster for choosing one twin and unwanted the other, Johan dies and Nina lives. If everyone's really a monster, Johan was absolved (for the most part, maybe not criminally) of all of his crimes because the world and the people in it are the real monsters. If Johan is the true monster here, then he escaped from the police hospital and continues to play the role of the "real monster".

So it's up to your interpretation. Who do you think the real monster is?


If you watch the OVA episode (director's cut of episode 12, released with the BD/DVD box release), you will know that

   OD is alive, since he was healed by Utsutsu.


Why do the subtitles say "tetsusaiga" for "tessaiga"?

While it's tempting to chalk this up to a mistranslation by Viz, as Ross Ridge's answer suggests (and that Viz themselves might even admit to), I think if we take the question as seriously as possible, the answer must be that both names are correct, at least in writing.

The relevant background here is that Inuyasha takes place in the Sengoku period roughly 500 years ago. So Inuyasha's sword's name should be interpreted in the Japanese of the time, not modern Japanese.

On the other hand, the use of っ in Japanese is a relatively modern invention. The earliest known uses of it in this way occurred in the 19th century, and it wasn't standardized until 1947. Prior to this, double consonants in Japanese existed only as common slurs where only the consonant was pronounced. This form of slurring has existed for a long time, likely since the Sengoku period. I suggest reading this Japanese SE question for more information.

So, while 鉄砕牙  would have been written out as 「てつさいが」 in the classical Japanese of the time (or possibly in several other ways, as hiragana themselves were not standardized until 1900 with the removal of hentaigana), it could plausibly be pronounced as either 「てつさいが」 (tetsusaiga)　or 「てっさいが」 (tessaiga) to the modern Japanese ear. But the classical Japanese speaker would have recognized these as the same word. Even this is something of a simplification, as pronunciation of these syllables has shifted over time, but without having audio records of Japanese from that time it's fairly difficult to know exactly what shifts have occurred.

That is to say, while tessaiga and tetsusaiga sound rather different to us, there isn't any distinction between the two in period Japanese writing, in the same way that "sorta" is just a slurred version of "sort of" in English. They're both valid romanizations of the same word, and so they're both really the same name. In some sense, saying that either tessaiga or tetsusaiga is correct is actually historically inaccurate. In modern Japanese, it's clear that they say tessaiga, but that doesn't really mean that tetsusaiga is an incorrect way of writing the name.

I guess the real reason for this confusion is that the text has gone through so many different linguistic steps that it would necessarily end up being somewhat confused. Of course the text is written in modern Japanese, but it's supposed to be a modern interpretation of historical Japanese. In order to romanize it, since there's no way to romanize classical Japanese, it first needs to be converted back into modern Japanese, and then to roumaji (which approximate Japanese pronunciation using latin alphabet characters). But the conversion back to modern Japanese is ambiguous, and so both tessaiga and tetsusaiga could be simultaneously valid.

With all that said, I don't think Inuyasha tries especially hard to stick to historically accurate Japanese, so to some degree this is a moot point. I just wanted to point out that, strictly speaking, in Sengoku-period Japanese, there is no way to differentiate the two words. On the other hand, for practical purposes, one can hear that the anime uses tessaiga for pronunciation and writes てっさいが as the furigana, so presumably this is the more understandable choice in English.


How did the Earth Dragon Balls revive everyone killed by Frieza?

Um... they weren't limited to only 1 person at a time.

It was the Namekian Dragon Balls that were limited to 1 at a time.  The Earth Dragon Balls had no such restriction. In fact, they were used before to revive multiple people that Piccolo killed at the end of the Piccolo saga

Further reading : Dragon Ball


Is Whirlwind Water Stream Roaring Aura Sky Ripping Fist just Bang and Bomb combined techniques or is it something more?

It is a special combination attack that utilizes both styles, but cannot be used by a single person due to the mastery of the styles required, and the immense amount of energy necessary just to provide the minimum necessary from one of the styles.

The individual styles appear to be "equipped" in a mechanics sense, such that they occupy the same "slot" and so cannot be used by the same person at the same time.

   Until Garou comes along, that is, and learns both styles. He eventually combines them together, with one on his right side and the other on his left, to create not only this combination attack style by himself, but subsequently creates his own (arrogantly titled) style.


Roshi is over 300 years old because he used Dragon Balls, but how is Master Shen still alive?

A major thing to keep in mind is that Roshi is an unreliable narrator (and his turtle isn't terribly smart by human standards). He routinely lies and twists half-truths to help people get through something tough, motivate his students to work harder, or get something he wants that he thinks people otherwise might not give him. It's a generally benign sort of thing, serving his mostly comedic perversions or serving some sort of "greater good".

As Gary mentions, in the original series there is mention of an Elixir of immortality/Fountain of Youth, and Roshi at one point tries to console Tien by pointing out that he (Roshi) is immortal, so there's nothing to really worry about.  This was another lie or half-truth, though, as Tien was soon knocked out and Roshi was killed by the strain of the technique he used to try to save the day. So, as indicated, he twisted the truth, or outright lied, to help someone out. Most people at this point presumed that in fact the elixir/fountain only stopped him from dying of old age (and possibly other natural causes), but suicide/exhaustion/getting eaten/laser beams to the face/etc. would still be lethal in the usual fashion.

In Super, Roshi sends Goku and Krillin out to fetch some paradise herb in exchange for teaching them a super secret technique.  The technique was a half-truth, though. It was meant to motivate them to do the quest, and thereby help Goku increase his control of his energy and for Krillin to overcome his (very justified) fears. So they were taught something useful for combat, but not really a "technique" (and certainly not one of Roshi's martial arts techniques). He had also stated that eating the herb would increase his lifespan by another thousand years.  Whether that was another lie, or a bit of dramatic license, or not...we don't know.  But it stands as the current best explanation for Roshi's long life.  Presumably, Master Shen and his brother also partook of this herb.

Alternative options do exist, however.  Demon King Piccolo used the dragon balls to acquire Eternal Youth, which was inherited by Piccolo. This prevented Piccolo from aging once he hit his physical prime (a mere 4 years later), but neither of them had true immortality and could be killed by means other than aging. Conceivably Roshi, Shen, and others may also have made such a wish at some point.

A standard martial arts trope is the long-lived master, where their supreme skill and spiritual development gives them an unnaturally long lifespan; this may even be a specific "technique/skill" of theirs. Such a technique may have been found by Roshi/Shen/General Tao/Baba and used amongst them, only they found it later in life and it does not revert your body to an age before you acquired it. Part of Roshi's character is how he at once serves this role of a transcendent master of martial arts while also being a perverted, lazy, goofball.

And there's the fact that if he is in fact several hundred years old, then he may have gone through a lot of stuff, and the reason he has lived so long is buried somewhere in all of those adventures, possibly stretched across several of them in a complex fashion, and he may not even remember them all. After all, he once had true immortality by owning a Phoenix (which ironically died, and the immortality was lost). Which is to say there's plenty of story telling room to "retcon" the reason for his long life and insert some new justification(s) later.  All of which serves the handy purpose of making others distrusting of his claims, and difficult for others to achieve what he has (which could be dangerous to the world, as well as those attempting the feat).


According to Tsuritama Wikipedia, the store Grandma Keito works at is the
Samuel Cocking Garden

  Kate (ケイト Keito)

  Yuki's grandmother. She's French, and has a warm
  and cheerful personality. She allowed Haru to live with her and Yuki.
  She often gives Haru advice concerning his relationship with Yuki and
  human social interactions. She works at the Samuel Cocking Garden in
  Enoshima.

This garden, also known as the Enoshima Tropical Plants Garden, is an actual botanical garden in Enoshima, Japan


Why Senku and Taiju revived from petrification when everybody else needed Senku's formula to revive?

Taiju at least break the stone with the water drops from the cave he was in... and this water is the base of the Senku's formula.

It is explained by the Senku itself in the 2º episode of the anime (From memory i think is the 2º episode, but maybe id the third).


begin TL;DR:

   No.

end TL;DR.

When Kazuki was sold to make the Thanatos system, the system creators were faced with a dilemma:

   how to keep the brain alive.

Their original intent was to

   cut off the brain and hook the organ directly to the machinery

But then they would have to deal with a "little" problem:

   they would need to supply nutrients, oxygen, antibodies, leukocytes, and all sorts of stuff to the brain.

That would require additional machinery/technology, but then they realized that

   a human body already does all that, you just have to shove food and oxygen through the mouth and nose.

So they decided to ditch their original plan and

   just hook Kazuki's brain indirectly to the machinery, and keep the body intact in life support fluid (think of Evangelion's LCL).

About Kazuki's body not aging, she was 12/13 years old when the accident happened.

   Her body was not frozen. It was kept in a vegetative-comatose-ish state. In the visual novels, she is very debilitated when rescued by JB, and had to be carried out of Ichigaya by the German blonde.

Also a spoiler of future episodes, so don't read below:

   the hook in her hand (the one she injuried in the bus crash) is fake. Her arm/hand is fine and she thinks she is making a great pun, but Kazuki is running for worst sense of humor in a VN/anime character ever. Who gave her that grappling hand in the suspended animation chamber, it is stuff for another question.

According to wikipedia, females end puberty earlier than males, and reach an adult body earlier too:

  Maximal adult height is achieved at an average age of 15 years for an average girl and 18 years for an average boy.

So, we can assume Kazuki grew around two more year's worth since the accident. Her body frame was always petite and she was precocious in several aspects, why not puberty? She was around the same size as Amane during the accident, so maybe her growth spurt had already happened by then.

And to boot:

   She was sexually active since a very tender age. Her favorite food is Yuuji (eden ep.6), nuff said.

Probably that caused her puberty to have an early onset.


Well, Zoro did spend those two years in a dark island/gloomy castle, so he probably didn't see much sun. Robin also spent her time in the mountains, I believe, which were hardly places to get sun tans (compared to her old job in a desert).

I don't think the skin pigment changes had anything to do with racism, as these kinds of changes were more associated with tans and less with race.


What is the name of song from Code Geass in episode 5 when the Lancelot is saving Jeremiah?

It's an unreleased piece from the soundtrack called Knightmare Assault. You can find it here:

Code Geass: Unreleased Album - 09 Knightmare Assault

Prior to this, fans ad dubbed it 'Turning the Tides', so you will find some covers of it under that name:

http://codegeass.wikia.com/wiki/File:Turning_the_Tide_(Code_Geass_Unreleased_Music)

Source

What's this music used when Lelouch is giving new orders in ep. 2 of R2?


What does the LED on the NerveGear mean?

There is nothing confirmed as of now, however we can see that the most applicable name to give according to online discussions is Brain LinK (BLK)

The blinking may suggest a weak link or solid colored a firm connection and so on.


What is the song when Karma was introduced for the first time in episode 2?

I find the fact that this particular soundtrack is not listed anywhere quite interesting too. I have scouted various databases along with other forums, but to no avail. If I eventually discover the name of the OST,  I will post it her.


What song is played during Attack on Titan season 3 episode 40 when Erwin is telling his story?

Well I figured it out. It's "Attack on D" from Disc 1 of the Season 2 OST. Track 7 I believe. It seems slightly modified but it's definitely the same song. The specific part I mentioned being at 18:52-19:23 is actually the same part of Attack on D from 00:52-1:23, just with certain layers of audio excluded.


Is there a way to give up ownership of the death note without losing the shingami eyes?

On chapter 5, Ryuk stated that the shinigami eye was a deal between the shinigami and the human owner of a certain note, so it will probably be associated to that relationship, so the eye will be gone as soon as the shinigami leaves his side.


Kyousuke is akin to the DM in a Dungeons and Dragons session. He can create virtually anything from the "merging of the subconscious of all of his friends". In that particular do-over (Rin route 1), Kyousuke assumes that Riki and Rin have gone through enough (the routes of the other girls) such that they are strong enough to be apart.

Recall that Rin is extremely reliant on others emotionally, and Kyousuke, thinking that he is almost out of power to continue recreating the world (he isn't), creates a separate fictional school and sends Rin there to test her. Unfortunately, Rin isn't as strong as Kyousuke thought she was. Kyousuke set it up such that Rin initially could not even come back on the weekends, but after persuasion through Riki, he allowed it, and even that wasn't enough for Rin to grow independent.

Her extreme shyness and fear of strangers causes her to become alienated in her other school as she cannot even manage to respond to basic greetings. Kyousuke thinks that this will push her to get better, but instead Rin just falls apart. After that, as you know, Riki runs away with Rin, angering Kyousuke who thinks that Rin will never get better as long as she is reliant on Riki. Kyousuke sends the police after them and the trauma of them being forcefully separated breaks Rin completely. Kyousuke sees that he has failed and resets the world once more, becoming mopey Kyousuke.


Name of a manga about angels and devils marriage for peace

What you're looking for seems to be a manhwa(Korean comics) and all of what you described seems to be listed:

cross dressing
she is watched over by two of the Four Guardians of Heaven
princess angel
unwanted marriage
Devils

Angel Diary (Manhwa)

Synopsis

The only Angel Princess of Heaven is betrothed to the Emperor of the Underworld. Unable to accept her future with the Demon King, she realizes that her only choice is to run away. Her plan is to join the human world disguised as a schoolboy! Now all of the Gods from Heaven and Hell are searching high and low on the earth trying to make sure that a wedding happens.
Source: MAL


Why did the Elric brothers only believe in one rule of alchemy?

Okay, so, there's a couple things in play here you need to be aware of. Keep in mind that some of this is slightly speculative.
First, it is only in the dub that Alphonse states it to be the "one and only" truth. The original commentary states,

その頃【ころ】、ぼくらは、それが世界【せかい】の真実【しんじつ】だと信じて【しんじて】いた。
"When we were young, we believed that to be the truth of the world."

Second, though, I think there is an important reason that Alphonse brings this up. Starting at episode 43, the pre-OP commentary changes to the following:

He who obtains [the Philosopher's Stone] is exempt from the rule of Equivalent Exchange and does not have to sacrifice anything to obtain something.

(Note: This statement is somewhat wrong: During this unusual exchange, there is still something lost, but it's not apparent to whomever it is doing the transmutation.)
In their adventure, Ed and Al basically learned that human lives are given an alchemical value; since they both believe human life to be invaluable, this shakes the foundation of the principle of Equivalent Exchange that they grew up learning.
This seems to be the only reason that Alphonse used the past tense with "believed"; the Philosopher's Stone shattered what they believed Equivalent Exchange truly meant. To him, Equivalent Exchange can no longer be the "one and only" truth.
This idea also holds true in Brotherhood. The Philosopher's Stone is essentially identical, and the brothers learn the same terrible details of it.


Is Ryuk required to write Misa's name in his Death Note at the end of her life?

That rule is an expansion on the rules which state cases when Gods of Death are allowed to return to their own world (more specifically it's the second part of "How to Use: LXIV")

Point one of those rules start with:

  The following situations are the cases where a god of death that has brought the Death Note into the human world is allowed to return to the world of gods of death

While it is true that at one point Ryuk had ownership over Misa's Death Note he wasn't the one who brought it to the human world, so in Misa's case those rules don't apply to him.


How much of the novel is covered in the anime?

I’m a great fan of Arslan Senki and read the novels in Japanese twice. Sorry it’s been almost 3 years since you posted your question, but I will answer all your doubts. I’ll start, however, by quoting the answer from Astral Sea as the choice of words might be confusing sometimes, but it gets clarified in his/her comment to the OP as I will explain.

“The anime was based of Arakawa Hiromu's manga adaptation of the original light novels”

It was properly clarified when he/she says in the comment: “The adaptation by Arakawa Hiromu is a manga, and the manga is also incomplete. The anime just used his manga art-style and characters to tell the story of the novels”

Basically, the anime took the art style from the manga when telling the story of the novels. The anime character designs belong to Shingo Ogiso as well.
The story itself was quickly taken directly from the novels as the only source as the anime caught up with the manga.

There were 19 chapters published when the anime started running (5th April) and also when it ended (27th September).

https://bookstore.yahoo.co.jp/shoshi-417773/

https://bookstore.yahoo.co.jp/shoshi-522005/

The first link corresponds to volume 3, which includes chapters 11-19 and was published in Japan on February 9, 2015.

The second link corresponds to volume 4, which includes chapters 20-27 and was released in Japan on October 9, 2015. It is important to note that the anime had already ended before this date though.

Just so that you know, episode 9 from the anime covers up to chapter 19 from the manga, and episode 10 covers up to chapter 23. So it would be something like that more or less.

After that point, episodes 10-25 from season 1 as well as all episodes from season 2 could not take the manga’s adaptation into account while adapting the novels as there was no manga to begin with.
The manga’s pace is incredibly slow. Even now, 2018, it still hasn’t started dealing with what season 2 covered (the latest manga Chapter 57 is adapting the last part from novel 3, whereas the anime’s season 1 covers novels 1- 4).

I’ll explain this later in more detail, but the manga’s adaptation is faithful and respectful to the novel source material. The anime’s adaptation not so much.

“So it does differ quite a bit from the original novels”

It gets clarified in his/her comment as well:

“The difference exists in both the anime and the manga compared to the novel. However, the difference is minimal so it’s fine for you to disregard it and go ahead to read the novels.”

The difference between the manga and the novels is minimal. The manga adapts the novels in a consistent and faithful way. The anime, however, is less faithful. Yet again, I’ll explain this later.

Now, these are the 3 issues that the OP has. I’ll explain all of them:

  After watching the anime, I feel the need to finish the story through
  the novel. However, I do not know where in the novel did the anime end
  off or if it even followed the novel's plotline at all.

  Where should I start?

  Would I miss anything if I start where the anime ended?

Before that, I’m gonna add 1 extra question:

1. What should I read?

This is the only question I’ve added to your already existing 3 issues as I imagine that you, as an anime-only watcher, also have this doubt. I’m also going to take this chance to explain some basic information needed to answer your questions:

Arslan Senki is a Japanese novel series written by Yoshiki Tanaka. There are sixteen novels written between 1986 and 2017. A manga adaptation by Chisato Nakamura started running in 1990 and finished running in 1996. It had an original ending as it caught up with the novels. Because of its popularity, a second manga adaptation illustrated by Hiromu Arakawa debuted in 2013. An anime adaptation was made in 2015.

The novels are praised as a masterpiece in Japan, which is the reason they received adaptations in the first place and people kept up with them for 31 years. I would very strongly advise you to read the novels over every Arslan Senki adaptation.
However, there is no official translation as of now, and not much content has been fan-translated for the past 31 years. So… if you don’t know Japanese, I recommend you read the second manga. It is the most faithful adaptation you’ll find, and it’s in English.

2. Where should I start?

Depends on what you want to do and your situation.

-If you’ve just watched the anime and you want to read the novels (as I said, they’re regarded as a masterpiece) I would advise you to start from the very beginning. The novels are very long and complicated, so starting from the very first volume is the best option.

-If you can’t read the novels for language reasons and want to read the manga instead, I would advise you to start from chapter 19. The differences between manga and anime increase after chapter 19-20 (end of episode 9) and keep increasing ever since (for example, chapter 29 doesn’t exist in the anime).

-If you’ve read the manga and want to delve into the novels, you can start where you left off on the manga. Unlike the anime, the manga follows the original material quite faithfully.
To further help you understand the overall situation, I’m also going to tell you what the current situation is.
2.2 Current situation
The very first season of the anime covers novels 1-4. The anime caught up with the manga when only 3 manga volumes had been published. Those 3 manga volumes cover the first novel.
The second anime season covers the last part of novel 4 (as in the novel, Andragoras's escape from the dungeon is written before the funeral in St. Emmanuel) as well as novels 5 and 6.

The manga currently has 57 chapters and is now in the middle of novel 3’s last chapter where Sam reunited with Kubard and convinced him to fight for Hilmes and it is just before Arslan circulated the manifesto all around Pars.
As you can see, the manga has already covered (as of March 2018) half the novels seasons 1 and 2 from anime did. It took almost 5 years though.

3. Would I miss anything if I start where the anime ended?

You would most certainly do. The anime starts making more changes from the original novel source material after episode 10 from season 1, so I would suggest you start reading from chapter 19 or 20 (start of episode 10). This is obvious, but when the anime makes changes while adapting the novels, it also deviates from the manga’s faithful adaptation.

4. Are the manga and anime adaptations faithful to the original source material?

I’m rephrasing your doubt “I don’t know … if it even followed the novel's plotline at all.”

Anime: It has added quite a few scenes. Some of them seem to be very important, but don’t exist in the novels. For example:

The fact that Arslan saves Daryun from Arzang, the sorcerer, just before reaching Peshawar Fortress
The fact that Bahman gets killed by Hilmes
*The fight between Daryun and Hilmes at the end of season 1
*The fact that Bodin's men take the sacred sword Ruknabad
*The fact that Hilmes gets Ruknabad. In the novels, no one can take the sword except the chosen one who will take over the will of Kay Khosrow, the ancient great King.

And lack, among others, the following events from the novels:

The fact that Narsus defeats and kills Arzang. They even skipped Narsus saving Alfarid for the 2nd time, which made Alfarid fall in love with Narsus.
The fact that Daryun apologizes to Gieve for considering him an untrustworthy person. This event takes place after knowing that Gieve had saved Arslan.
The fact that Hilmes murders Kishward's very loyal subordinate and Azrael's brother.
Hilmes valuing Zandeh’s skill of gathering information by using his men.
The fact that Bahman accompanies Arslan to Sindhura and fighting bravery as a marzban.
The fact that Bahman dies in Sindhura
The fact that Salima, daughter of Mahendra, lets Rajendra arrest Gadhevi, who is Salima's husband.
The fact that a sorcerer tries to steal the secret letter of Bahman and Narsus cuts off his arm.
The fact that Andragoras tells the secret of Hilmes's birth to Sam.
*The fact that Daryun captures Etoile before the battle in St. Emmanuel.
*The fact that Merlain and Kubard defeat a Lusitanian troop together.
*The fact that Jimsa and Zaravant escape from Andragoras's forces and they start searching Arslan together.
*The fact that Zandeh throws Ruknabad into a crack in the ground, and pursuades Hilmes to once forget about it at the time when Ruknabad refused Hilmes and made a large earthquake hit.

("*" refers to scenes from parts of the story that have yet to be reached in the manga as it’s still behind the anime)

Whereas in the manga, all the events I remember that were added are just (Note: this list should be quite decent. Unlike the previous 2 ones, here I made a big effort to gather all the differences I remember having noticed when I read the manga):

The first chapter (which was also in the anime)
One short fight between Arslan and Kharlan (which was also in the anime). I wouldn’t really call it a fight, but in the novels Arslan and Kharlan don’t have that short crossing of blades before Kharlan fights Daryun.
The fact that Etoile hands a small religious book to Arslan close to a river and the conversation with his companions about it (the anime added the act of giving the Bible, though under different conditions and there was no chat about it between Arslan’s companions when they go to Hodir’s castle)
The sentence “one in one hundred million” used by Daryun (I think the anime used it once during the first half of season 1) as well as Arslan’s famous word “delicious” when referring to delicious food (the novels also use that word, but it’s more frequent in the manga. The anime used the word as well).
Farangis usually dresses like a man in the novels, whereas in the manga there’s fan service. The anime took the manga’s character designs, so obviously it includes such fan service.
The fact that Elam has a memory of Narsus praising his cooking skill
The fact that Kishward already has a wife and a son, whereas in the novels his wife and son appear much later.
When Daryun reveals Arslan identity to him, Daryun holds his hand. The revelation part is the same, but them holding hands at sunset is new.
The fact that Montferrart's brother is among Bodin's soldiers who were killed by Hilmes when Lusitanian soldiers were fighting over the sacred flag. In the novels, he wasn’t present there.
Jaswant (this character debuts in chapter 43 of the manga) sees Narsus painting, whereas in the novel it’s not described that she takes a glance at his painting.
The fact that the story of how Daryun got hold of his polearm is more detailed in the manga.
In one of the latest chapters of the manga (+55), Hilme’s secret is more explained than in the novels.

And not much content from the novels has been cut down. Obviously, the novels will have more details, but the important events are told faithfully, and the stuff that gets removed is the kind that is unnecessary and overdetailed for a manga (the manga format is quite different from that of a novel). To name a few examples of the events that the manga didn’t include while adapting the novels:

Once Vahriz asks Daryun what his impression of Arslan's features is at Atropatene, there is a line that Daryun says ("He  has a handsome features. I guess young ladies all over the capital city will talk about him in two or three years, but uncle...") right before Vahriz tells him that he was actually asking which one of the prince’s parents looks more similar to him. That line I quoted is not included in the manga.
The reason why Narsu’s father died is because he fell down the stairs right before he was about to leave his land and help Andragoras. This led Narsus to go to the capital city and made him famous for the first time as a tactician.
Amidst the sorcerers who have served the master sorcerer, Gundhi  frequently appears in the underground room to receive instructions. In case you don’t remember it, he is the one with an incomplete mask that doesn’t cover the right side).
The fact that Narsus has been rumored to have love affairs while working at court. Furthermore, Daryun has fallen in love with the princess of Serica. (Just 2 months ago, the author mentioned they are no longer a couple**)
When Daryun fights with Bahadul in Sindhura, Daryun gets bitten by a jackal and he chops the jackal's head and even makes its eyes come out.
About Pars legends, there exists a deep tradition of not eating sheep brain. Nevertheless, right when Arslan and his friends are in Sindhura, they inadvertently eat it in the food they’re given. It is stated that Daryun loses his appetite after that, yet Farangis is fine.

** Refers to an event that Tanaka has stated to have happened, but it doesn’t appear in his novels. He tends to do this sometimes, and his words/messages add new canon material not mentioned in the novels themselves (sometimes these new details/facts said by Tanaka are actually included in the second manga’s adaptation). This time it was mentioned on 18th January 2018, where we get to know that situation I explained before and exactly how it happens. If you google  31年目のヤシャスィーン you can see it on nico video website, but you need to have an official account and it’s raw Japanese as no English subtitles exist. In that conference he also mentions unimportant stuff like the fact that he had already decided the ending even before the second half of the novels had started, that while writing dialogues he says them out loud to make sure it doesn’t sound weird, that Daryun is dressed in black because he was reading the historical and psychological novel The red and the Black…

Also, the manga has more violent scenes that are in the novels but the anime skipped, like:

The fact that faKishward makes one of Sindhuran’s soldier swing his boss's head from his neck.

  Conclusions: The anime changes and skips events a lot, whereas the
  manga sometimes adds an element/detail to the story rather than change it.
  The manga adds very little, and when it does it is unimportant stuff,
  it doesn’t remove much content and it doesn’t change things,
  making the manga a good adaptation of the novels. The scenes and even
  dialogues have been following Tanaka’s original work.

This is slightly off-topic, but I wanted to mention a couple of important things:

First and foremost, the fact that I wouldn’t consider fillers the few things that the second manga added. This is because according to Tanaka’s secretary, while working, Arakawa inquires what might be necessary. Obviously, some minor details are necessary to fit the manga format and make the illustrations and the like, but Arakawa is very respectful and consults Tanaka/his secretary, who’s always very eager to see the end result of the work. Based on twits and the like, I’m not sure who’s more in charge of the supervision though, his secretary (the guy that tends to speak for him in the media) or Tanaka, but that depends on how much involvement the original author wants to have (Unfortunately, he’s already 70 years old and has already hinted he would like to stop working altogether) Also, as I said before, because the adaptation is very good and faithful to the original work.

https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/21487693-the-heroic-legend-of-arslan-vol-1

https://www.mangaupdates.com/series.html?id=97707

Second, the fact that the first manga was done by Chisato Nakamura, a girl that turned Arslan Senki into a shoujo manga (for girls). I started reading it, but I didn’t enjoy it very much and dropped it.
Third, the fact I would consider fillers what the anime changed or skipped. It was stated that the anime production consulted Tanaka before changing stuff, but personally, I would say it was just a technicality. There were some important changes, and I don’t think they should be given much thought even though Tanaka approved them and said that he is happy with them.
And last, the fact that Arslan Senki has had 3 illustrators so far. It’s extremely difficult for a novel series to get this kind of attention, and his novels even got an audiobook.

https://myanimelist.net/manga/32793/Arslan_Senki

https://myanimelist.net/manga/51235/Arslan_Senki

https://myanimelist.net/manga/51233/Arslan_Senki

Novel:

Amano, Yoshitaka (Art)
Tanaka, Yoshiki (Story)

First manga:

Tanaka, Yoshiki (Story)
Nakamura, Chisato (Art)

Second manga:

Arakawa, Hiromu (Art)
Tanaka, Yoshiki (Story)

I personally hope a third season for the anime is made. I said that the anime’s adaptation is less faithful, but that is compared to the manga, by itself the anime’s adaptation is not so bad.

What I’m gonna quote comes from an interview to Arslan Senki’s anime protagonist actor, Kobayashi. This is my own translation, the interviews aren’t translated.
He starts complaining about how short second season was, not even 12 episodes.

「あともうちょっとやりたかったな」と口惜しいような気持ちも感じつつ、短くはありましたけど、充実した作品になったのではないかと思っています。

  I felt kind of a missing feeling like “I wanted to do a little more”,
  but overall I think it turned out an enjoyable product.

But then he starts saying all the good things:

そして、もし3期があるんだったら、絶対にまた、成長した僕と成長したアルスラーンで、相乗効果を出すことができると思います。そういう風に、同じスタートで始まって、役と僕が同じように成長していく、不思議な作品です。
ーーアルスラーンの歩みと小林さんの歩みは重なっているんですね。
小林　本当に、いいタイミングで役をいただけました。僕にとっては、アルスラーンを見れば自分の成長具合がわかる。ひとつ、自分にとっての指標みたいな役です。ずっと大切にしていきたいです。

  And if there is to be a 3rd season, grown up Arslan and me could
  absolutely bring synergetic effects to it. Just like that, my role and me
  both started from the same page and we’re able to grow up
  together. This is such wonderful work of art.

  -So there is an overlap to you and Arslan’s growth.

  Kobayashi: I got my role at a very good timing. Arslan’s growth reflects how much I have grown up. He’s like my role model. I’d like to cherish this role forever.

And then, he repeats how much he treasures the experience and how much he wants the anime to continue until it reaches the end of the series.

宝物だと思っている役と作品なので、最後まで丁寧に演じきりたい。… たとえ何歳になろうと、殿下を演じきりたいと僕は思っているんですよ。最後まで、アルスラーンと一緒に歩んで行きたい。『アルスラーン戦記』は僕にとってそんな作品です。
ーーまずは王都奪還の日を、楽しみにしております！　ありがとうございました！

  This is my treasure. I’d like to continue playing this role till
  the end … No matter how old I become, I’d like to play a role as the
  prince and walk on our paths together. The Heroic Legend of Arslan is
  an art that makes me feel that way.

  -First of all, I am looking forward to the day of the return of the kingdom! Thank you very much!

Now, will there be a season 3? According to the anime's series composer and script writer, it will depend on the support fans give Arslan Senki. If it were up to him, season 3 would be being made as we speak, but unfortunately he also mentioned a few months after season 2 had ended that sales were a bit short of what he had expected.

「皆さんが盛り上がってくだされば、すぐ3期が決まるかと思います！」（上江洲誠）

  “If all of you get very excited, I’m sure season 3 will come
  immediately!” (Makoto Uezu)


What are the differences between the original Kaito Kid specials vs. the new Kaito Kid 1412 series?

There's quite a number of differences from that the new series differs from KID's the older series (OVAs and Conan anime appearances). The older series was more faithful to the manga, while the new series take certain liberties with it's adaptation, including modernizing outdated technologies. The events from the series still pan out like they did, but some of the results happen differently. For the most part, the movies are considered separate from the TV series in terms of continuity.

Like the main series. Detective Conan/Case Closed there isn't much consistency in terms of real-time chronology.

This gallery offers a side to side comparison of the two series.

As for KID's name "1412," it's mentioned that 1412 is the case incident file number, Yusaku Kudo (Shinichi/Conan's father) saw a reporter's hastily scribbled "1412" on a piece of paper and purposely misread it as "KID." Thus, Yusaku unintentionally named the Kaitou Kid his name. This is mention in File 6, Volume 16 of the Conan manga.


What is the relationship between Subaru and Rem after he confesses his feeling in episode 25?

On the re:zero wiki description of the episode 18, it is said :

  Listening on, Rem listed on the reasons why she loves him. From the way he brushed her hair, held her hand, and walked together, she gently continued the daily things about him that she adored. As Subaru asked why, Rem told him that listening to him say he hated himself made her want to tell him all of the wonderful things she knows about him. Subaru retorted back that his behavior was phony, as he knows himself best. Finally raising her voice, Rem retorted tearfully that if all he understood was himself, then he knows nothing about how she views him. To her, he is a hero who saved her by saying the words that melted her frozen heart and allowed her to move on from her past. With the acknowledgement that someone else believes in him and is willing to support him, Subaru slowly regained his resolve. In the process, Subaru confessed that he loves Emilia, with his goal being able to see her smile. Rem joked that it was cruel of him to ask of this from a girl he just rejected.

So it is clearly stated that Rem loves Subaru and that Subaru rejected Rem as he loves Emilia, but they are still friends.


Is there a place that has Soukyuu no Fafner: Dead Aggressor subtitles?

If you check AniDB's list of subs, there are a whole list of groups that have subs for it.

  Philosophy-raws
  ACX
  E-D
  Daman
  Anime-MX
  Blitz
  W_B
  B-A
  A-E

At the time of this answer, these are the groups which have completely subbed Fafner, according to AniDB.


The two people that Kazami killed were apparently named KANEKI Kyouko and MATSUI Aki. Here's a picture of them together:

Right after the above shot, Kyouko (left) falls to the floor, apparently stabbed in the back by Kazami. He then chased after Aki (right), which is why she was running when she bumped into Sakakibara. Here, we see Sakakibara coming across Kyouko's body:

Shortly thereafter, Aki runs into Sakakibara's arms.

Then, Kazami stabs her in the neck, raising his kill count to 2.