How do they power the fridge in the Going Merry?

Although nothing related to electricity/fridges is mentioned in text in the Wikia article on Going Merry, you can find the following image there (with a rough Japanese counterpart here):

Presumably, this Water-Drawing Machine is used to power the refrigerator. As pointed out in the comments, all you need is a rotary motion source to use electricity at all times.

Although, the crew stores most of their food in the Storage Room, as indicated by this image:

You may also note that there are 3 orange trees, taken from Bellamere's plantation, which are used as a source of emergency food:


What did Prince Canute mean by "is there no love in the heart of man" in chapter 34?

The mountains, the snow, the wind, and all of nature don't fight to get ahead, they don't fight to gain something and they don't fight to push something away. Nature and the elements just go with the flow and this is what the Priest describes as real love. Where something is completely complacent.
When Canute asks what then does the love I felt for Ragnar means, the Priest says that is simply discrimination because Ragnar let innocent people die to protect Canute. Because for humans, love is putting someone above everyone else and that cannot be fair.
Then the priest goes on to talk about Adam and Eve, which is the story of Eve being tempted by the devil to eat a forbidden apple, she goes on to eat the apple and after she does this, god punishes the human race by making them unable to experience this true love that the priest talks about. The only way to experience this true love is to die because that is the only way a human can be totally complacent. Thus the world we live in now is the true hell, where none of us can experience this true love until we die.
So basically, what this priest describes is a story from Christianity but of his take on how god punishes us for the first sin that Eve committed.


The 12 episodes of the TV series retells the same story of the movie trilogy, each divided into 4 episodes.

The "Chapter List" table from Japanese Wikipedia shows the overlapping between each volume of the movie with the TV episodes: episode 1-4 (vol. 1), episode 5-8 (vol. 2).

A Reddit discussion seems to reach the same conclusion,

  I saw the TV's first episode. It was a recap of the movie.
  They probably just split the movie into parts and showed it as TVs.

And finally, Theron Martin's review on AnimeNewsNetwork,

  Chain Chronicle: The Light of Haecceitas is the first of a trilogy of movies being released once a month between December 2016 and February 2017. A TV series version is also airing during the Winter 2017 season, but based on its first two episodes, the TV series is just going to be the movies chopped up into 20-minute segments with an opener, closer, and a small intro and recap added in to smooth out the runtime. (Crunchyroll, which is streaming both versions, has taken the unusual practice of subdividing the movie version into those 20-25 minute segments, presumably so viewers know which parts of the movie match up with which TV episodes.) So this review could be seen as covering the first movie in a trilogy or the first four episodes of a one-cour series.


Was the continuation of Tsubasa Reservoir Chronicle ending in manga shown in Kobato?

In episode 20 of Kobato, when Kobato mentions that Syaoran and his companions have been traveling for a long time and Syaoran says,

   "but it's a not journey with a destination. I guess you could say our destination is to continue travelling." When Kobato asks if it's undecided where they are going, he replies, "It would be difficult to decide. For one thing, we don't know how long we can stay in one place. But, I have someone waiting for me."

So it's definitely after the end of the Tsubasa Reservoir Chronicle epilogue published in October 2009, (Episode 20 of Kobato aired in March 2010):

   Syaoran is on his journey and they've been doing this for some considerable amount of time.  Where Syaoran went to look for a world where the clones can live, Sakura stayed in Clow because of her dream that she'd only cause sadness if she went with Syaoran, thus she is the one "waiting for me".

As far as I know, the October 7th epilogue was the last of the story, as a way to sort of tie up the loose ends. Kobato's crossover generated a lot of speculation about maybe getting more Tsubasa out of CLAMP, but they announced in 2009 that the epilogue will be the end. There hasn't been any official news about the manga or continuing the story since. Though it wouldn't be surprising to see more crossovers with Syaoran, Fye, and Kurogane continuing their journey in future CLAMP productions.


How could Nunnaly see Lelouch's memories?

I am not that sure if there is any official explanation about this. But from what I understand and have answered here,

  Lelouch got his dad's code. He beckoned
  the World of C to lend him its powers, and he took Charles's code
  before Charles passed on. The reason why Lelouch still has his Geass
  is because he didn't take the Code from the same person who gave him
  his Geass: he took his Geass from CC, and he took his Code from
  Charles. Thus, he now possesses both immortality and a Geass.

  To further corroborate this, however, remember that when Nunnally held
  Lelouch's hand he transferred his memories to her. CC also did it when
  Lelouch touched her accidentally back then, so it could be assumed
  that people with Codes are indeliberate telepaths. This leaves us with
  both immortals traversing the world for the rest of eternity.


What are the differences between the Major anime and manga

Picked up from wikipedia, Major(Manga)

Team names

The "Yokohama Marine Stars" in the manga became "Yokohama Blue Oceans" in the anime.
The "Tokyo Shians" in the manga became "Tokyo Warriors" in the anime.

Many violent scenes (mostly physical fighting) in the manga were either greatly toned down, or completely removed in the anime.
The match between the Kaido Junior Varsity and Varsity teams

In the manga, Toshiya Sato's home run in the 7th inning was worth 2 runs, placing the JV team in the lead. The 8th and 9th innings quickly ended without incident or anyone scoring.
In the anime, Sato's home run was only a solo home run. Gorō gave up run in the 8th inning, but hit a 2-run home run off the Varsity team's ace pitcher and took back the lead. The 9th inning ended without either team scoring.
In the manga, Mayumura was never on the field. In the anime, he helped to make a hit in the 8th inning, to see if Shigeno has the ability to follow up with a game-winning home run, instead of having to rely on Sato in the 9th inning.

The birth of Chiharu and the retirement of Hideki Shigeno. In the anime, the birth of Chiharu and the retirement of Hideki Shigeno both happened a few years later than the manga timeline.
Ryoko Kawase

Kawase's plot elements in Season 2 and 3 of the anime were not present in the original manga. In the manga, there was no mention of her after the little league match. Kaoru Shimizu decided to go to Seishu after Komori's encouragement; Taiga pitched the 300 practice sliders to Gorō with his injured hand.

Ayane

When Gorō first moved back to Mifune, and was asking directions to Mifune East, the person who gave the wrong directions in the manga was Yamane (intentionally). In the anime it was Ayane (unintentionally).
Ayane's plot elements in Season 3 of the anime were not present in the original manga. In the manga, there was no mention of her after Gorō and Toshiya began school in Kaido.


What is the name of the musical piece that plays in One Piece episode 722 at 13:54?

The name of the OST you're looking for is Sanji vs Captain Honki and is from One Piece Movie 7: The Giant Mechanical Soldier of Karakuri Castle.

It is Track 35 in the Movie 7 OST list.

You can listen to the OST here.


How exactly does the Sword of Akasha work?

It seems like you missed (or did not get it yet, I am not sure when this is explained) what gods stand for.

   The Gods is the term referring to the "collective human unconsciousness", C's World, which is the source of the individual identities for all humans, living and dead throughout the Code Geass Universe.

How it works never really was explained as far as I know. Nobody knows how it was build either. but was 'accidentally' found by the British empire, and is exclusively owned by the emperor Charles.

So all with all it is.

   It is a weapon to destroy CHU, C's world, and with that destroying the geass and its powers all together, and all humans unconsciousness


From Wikipedia in List of Sekirei Characters:

It states under Homura:

  Homura (焔, Sekirei #06) was the self-titled "Sekirei Guardian" who protected unwinged Sekirei during the first two stages (this mission was given to him by Takami), usually from Hikari and Hibiki. Prior to being winged, Homura's power and gender were unstable. Even after his body started becoming female (called "feminization" in the manga), Homura continued to think and act as a man....
   Afterwards, Minato received the power to determine Homura's gender and mentality, but chooses to let Homura remain who he is for now


Who is the man in the suit in the Fullmetal Alchemist series?

After searching everywhere for the day looking this up before someone else finds the answer, he appears to be Mobuta Mobuo. He is actually a background character that was actually placed in their as a joke as said in an interview with Arakawa Hiromu in the Perfect Guidebook (Hagaren Kenkyujo DX). He was also a gag character in the Mangas and hardly anyone seemed to notice him.

I am absolutely sure this is him.

Bibliography for reference

http://www.roy-mustang.net/arakawa/about_interview1.html

Included for reference to my answer, to verify that this information is correct and to allow you to compare this information with other information to see if this is correct.


Why did nobody use Reaper Death Seal during the Fourth Great Ninja War?

Because there are only two known users of the Dead Demon Consuming Seal (also called as Sealing Jutsu: Reaper Death Seal): Hiruzen Sarutobi and Minato Namikaze, and the jutsu can be countered.

While something like this could probably be done:

Use Summoning: Impure World Reincarnation to resurrect Minato and Sarutobi
They, then, use Dead Demon Consuming Seal on Madara
If successful and if the user desires it, release Minato and Sarutobi using Dead Demon Consuming Seal: Release so they can break free from the Shinigami and can go the afterlife

This is on the assumption that:

Reincarnated ninjas are not subject to limitations.
Madara cannot counter the Dead Demon Consuming Seal.
Only certain people can be broken free from Dead Demon Consuming Seal: Release (assuming that the user would want to release Minato and Sarutobi again).

However, we know that:

There are also limitations to reincarnated people as seen here, and while it was not shown in the manga, it may or may not be possible that reincarnated ninja cannot use Dead Demon Consuming Seal. This begs the question: Can a ninja who already offered up his/her soul to the Shinigami offer it again? There is no precedent to something like this in the manga so I am not sure we would know this any time soon, although personally, I believe the answer to this is a 'no' since Kishimoto did not let us see the characters attempting this.
Dead Demon Consuming Seal can be countered, as seen during Orochimaru and Sarutobi's fight. It's quite impossible that Madara would also not be able to do the same. This, to me, is probably one of the biggest reason why we didn't get to see it. A villain who's easily defeated by this do not make up for a good plot since this would have resulted to a much shorter and anticlimactic ending.
Cutting open the stomach of the Shinigami releases any souls inside of it. This would mean that Minato, Sarutobi and Madara would have to be sealed forever inside the Shinigami. You might argue that they would probably agree to this plan but that would have resulted to a less happy ending to the Naruto we know.


It is not a plot hole or something other than it. It is based on that she is still a child and has to mature in order to learn the techniques and the hidden agendas. Maybe in the future we might see her as a sage with powers comparing to that of Naruto and might even unlock the hidden potential inside of her because her grandpa is a byakugan user and he very much loves his grandchildren. So, we might be in for a treat to witness her greatness and she might spar with her brother in the future since you know, they are siblings with overwhelming powers


How many light novel volumes are covered in the "Papa no Iukoto wo Kikinasai!" anime?

According to Japanese Wikipedia,

Using volume 1 and volume 7 (the episode where Yuuta's doing daily life with the three sisters at an apartment in Hachioji) from the original work (light novel) as the base for the anime's original story, original characters were also added. Also, there are some different settings between the anime and the light novel, like

 the Takanashi couple died instead of missing.

(Emphasis mine)

Since volume 7 is a collection of short stories and the anime's story is considered original, I can't really suggest continuing from volume 2, but instead just start from volume 1.

Regarding the 2 OVAs, I think both of them are original stories. Both OVAs were included as a bonus for the limited edition of volume 13 and 18 (the last volume), but Wikipedia doesn't mention if they adapted from them instead.


Is there a reason for the sudden change in style in episode 11?

This episode was done entirely by one person, Itsuki Imazaki, whose style you might recognize from Ai Mai Mi.

Everything involves storyboard, mise-en-scene, directing, and key animation.


Do I need to watch "Railgun T" first to understand "Index 3" more easily?

A Certain Scientific Railgun T is unlikely to help you understand A Certain Magical Index III. I've watched the anime for Index, and around half the episodes for Railgun T. Additionally, I've read the manga for A Certain Scientific Railgun, as well as reviewed summaries for the remaining episodes. I strongly suspect that the remaining episodes will closely follow the manga as the first half of the season did. Thus, I can pretty much infer Railgun T isn't going to help. These arcs pretty much tells their own story, and don't have much to do with the story told in Index.
Trying not to spoil anything, but given the contents of episode 68 of Railgun, I'd actually guess that it'll be helpful to watch A Certain Magical Index III first. And watching A Certain Scientific Accelerator before A Certain Scientific Railgun T will be helpful because some characters from there show up in the second half of Railgun T.
If you need more info, this question has some good answers about watch orders: Watching order for "Toaru Majutsu no Index" and related anime


What was the first magical girl transformation scene?

The first 'magical girl' anime was Sally The Witch, who transformed with a wand into another costume - This was a simple animation though and performed in the same cut as the rest of the scene. Sally The Witch came out in 1966 and was in black and white.

[Apologies for low-quality gif]

If however, that feels like a bit of a cop out answer, the anime Cutey Honey  which was released in 1973 was much more focused on the transformation scene and featured many of the tropes of this type of this scene which have lasted to this very day - magical jewelery, activation words ("HONEY FLASH"), nudity whilst transforming, floating around the screen while transforming, etc.

Surprisingly though, Cutey Honey was not a shoujo, it was a male-targetted show and the characters were thought at the time to be superheroes rather than magical girls. However, Cutey Honey was a significant influence on transformation scenes from then on and looking back at the show, it's surprising to think that they are not actually magical girls. They even have the catchphrase "Stars in the heavens! Flowers on the Earth! Love to the people! Warrior of Love, I am Cutey Honey!"

(partial sequence sped up)

Cutie Honey is a much bigger deal in Japan than it is in the US. This is primarily due to it not being available in North America and other English-speaking countries until Discotek released it in 2013.

Some of Cutey Honey's transformations

As it was back in the day, there weren't such a high volume of series airing at one time. Inbetween Sally the Witch and Cutey Honey, there was only one other magical girl anime - Himitsu no Akko-chan, who transformed similarly to Sally the Witch, albeit with a mirror instead of a wand.

And if you're interested in transforming robots too, check out this question.


Why do ninjas run with their hands at the back?

Based on research...
...Ninjas frequently were portrayed running with The Airplane Arms.

  Ninja are also frequently portrayed running this way (with the arms swept farther back, like the wings on an F-14 Tomcat), though they now tend to prefer the Ninja Run. Samurai also run in a similar manner, usually while keeping one hand grasped onto their katana. In a more (apparently) realistic series this may have something to do with the runner having a reduced profile and thus being harder to hit with ranged weaponry, but it's generally just the Rule Of Cool.

Emphasis by me.


Does the Soul Society know exactly where Kisuke Urahara is?

The simple answer?  Yes.  However, the arc you are speaking of does not exist in canon.  It was a filler arc.

Now, to expand upon the actual answer to your question.  The Gotei 13 does know where he is, in-fact, they even know where his shop is.  The reason they don't arrest or execute him is because he is still a useful asset to them.  Now, if he was useless or ended up causing too much trouble, they would likely dispose of him, especially after he helped Ichigo and the others to gain entrance into the Seretei (sorry if I misspelled that).


Was Hyakkimaru immortal before regaining his body?

I don't remember the missing organs bit, but he isn't immortal. I believe both the midwife and the doctor said that Hyakkimaru had a strong desire to live. In other words, he's running on sheer willpower.


From the Doraemon Wikia:

  Nobita's eyes are never drawn consistently. Sometimes they look like the number 3, sometimes they're black beaded, and sometimes, like in the case of the recent movies, they're normal eyes.


Did Kakashi actually invent the Chidori?

Here's the referendum from wiki:

  The Chidori was created by Kakashi Hatake after he failed to apply his lightning-nature to the Rasengan

Maybe in the said episodes the ninja uses a variant of "Chidori".
There are various altercations of Chidori that visually looks "similar", e.g. Raikiri.

So I guess what I am saying is, even though "that" particular form of chakra behaviour exists, it is possible (and canon) that Kakashi is in fact the one who invented Chidori.

It is very possible in Naruto-verse to invent a new jutsu even if they haven't been taught down the generations. But as canon goes, till this date, Kakashi is said to be the inventor of Chidori.


Why do we hear "English" speech in Philadelphia in episode 3?

I believe the first reason is because it's a popular English language nursery rhyme. Translating it to Japanese (or other language) might remove the nuance.

The second reason which I noticed when watching this is because the conversation was heard from John's point of view, not Mari. Given that he didn't go to school because he's a slave, the conversation in English that he heard might not even be understood clearly by him. Thus the next 2 lines, "Good, Laura!" and "Thank you very much" were not translated too.


Why is Ahagon embarrased with her name? And how does it match her appearance?

While I had a feeling it was because it sounded like a kaijuu monster, I had no official confirmation until now. If you look at page 111 of the New Game! illustration book Fairies Story, it has an introduction of Umiko's setting, where it specifically states that

  she has a complex about her name sounding like a kaijuu.

Note that Ahagon is a relatively rare name that comes from Okinawa. Most people would not be familiar with the name and if they've ever watched something like Ultraman as a kid, they might first think it's a kaijuu name, which is probably why it's become a complex for her.

Explanation about kaijuu
If you look at the list of kaijuu of the Ultraman series, you will see there are 98 monsters that end in "-gon". (Others include "-don", "-ton" "-mon" "-ron", and I believe it stems from how many dinosaurs end in "-don", so these endings give that same feeling of something large and powerful.)　It is a common game to add or change the end of a name to make it sound like a kaijuu. In English, I suppose it would like like adding "-(s)aurus" so the end of names to make them sound dinosaur-like".

As for "matching her appearance", I believe so because it she is Okinawan, and has a deep suntan. Okinawa is a tropical area of Japan, where it is warm most times of the year and with beautiful beaches, therefore it is full of heavily-tanned people. A bit stereotypical, but that's what a person would expect to see from an Okinawan.


Gohan said

あっ、だったら、合体技とか、コンビネーションとか、作りませんか？

which can be translated to

Oh, then why don't we create a double-team maneuvers or a combination?
(From unknown English fansub)

In general, 合体技 (gattai waza) means "combination technique by two or more people". Fusion is one of them, and is probably the source of confusion since in Japanese, ○○と合体する (○○ to gattai suru) means "to fuse with someone" (example: Gotenks). However, it doesn't mean specifically "fusion". Other examples are Purple Comet Crush and Purple Comet Hurricane by Burter and Jeice.
Combination attack, according to Wikia, means "techniques which combine the different basic-types to continuously attack an opponent to leave no room for counterattacks". Example is Kibito Kai's Crazy Combination.


How did Boruto learn the shadow clone jutsu?

I think it's most likely Konohamaru, as in Boruto the movie, before Sasuke takes Boruto as his pupil, he already knows how to preform that jutsu. And in Boruto episode 36, he states that his father didn't teach him the jutsu.


Who's the artist of the Oreimo's Suki Nandamon original edition theme song?

As far as I know, the TV broadcast and the DVD have the same version of "Suki nan da mon", sung by Ayana Taketatsu.

The video you linked is a cover of the song by an amateur artist named Misaki Arima. Her name is printed in the info under the video, as well as on the background pic in the video itself; the line 歌：有馬美咲 means "Singer: Arima Misaki". As senshin pointed out, the line 「歌：有馬美咲　★本編は竹達彩菜さん★」 in the details says "this is sung by Arima Misaki, but the original is by ★Taketatsu Ayana★". Arima's Facebook page (which was all I turned up in a Google search of her name) lists Ore Imo as a favorite novel and has the same profile picture as her Youtube profile, which you can see on the video page.

The video itself just claims to be the "Full version", which it is (not the edited TV version of the song). I'm not sure where that commenter got the idea that this was the original version, but, well, you know how commenters can be...

(Actually, I think the commenter probably meant "original-length version".)


Are anime still submitted to broadcasters in tape form?

No, tapes are no longer used. The tape appearing in Shirobako is just a joke in reference to old times. DVD-R are used nowadays, and maybe sometime in the future, blu-ray will replace them. It seems like the trend of using DVD-R began at least in 2007. On a side note, shirobako are not necessarily white either in reality.

As to possible reasons regarding why they have to give it physically:

They are late so they don't have the time to send it by post.
The FTP server was down in the anime so they had no other choice.
Mark of respect and seriousness for the broadcasters.
No problem of "timestamp" proof (if the broadcasters refused to accept the shirobako because of lateness) since a person goes directly to give it.
Reduced risk of leaking the episode if it was given by another mean.

Sources:

moto-neta.com/anime/shirobako/
detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1185176891
img.animeanime.jp/imgs/thumb_h/44928.jpg
the anime Shirobako itself
Lots of other pages on Google when searching for "白箱"


Is Jiren the strongest mortal character in Dragon Ball Heroes?

Hit hasn't witnessed the might of Mastered Ultra Instinct Goku. So it would make sense he would think Jiren was the strongest mortal at that point in time. Taking that into consideration, is he the strongest mortal? Maybe. However, it seems very likely that Goku should be as strong or possibly stronger than him in his Completed Ultra Instinct Form, especially since there has been the indication that he's able to tap into Ultra Instinct. As for the others you mentioned, Jiren didn't seem fazed by anyone he fought apart from Hearts when he lowered the gravity around him. So Jiren, for now, should be one among the top 3 strongest mortals.


Could Goku have been revived if he really wanted, after dying fighting Cell?

Unlike the Dragon Balls on Earth, the Dragon Balls of Namek are not restricted to reviving someone once. During the fight with Kid Buu, Goku and all the people Buu killed on Earth as well as the planet itself were revived by having the Namekians collect the Dragon Balls.

So yes, Goku could and was revived again by the Namekian Dragon Balls.


Why doesn't Yukio face the same prejudice as Rin do for bring the son of Satan?

From a very young age, Yukio trained to become an exorcist which could have helped to boost his reputation. This showed to many that he meant no harm to mankind, but instead to aid in defeating Satan. Also, the fact that he did not inherit the blue flames causes people to perceive him as less of a threat as Rin. I agree that the way Rin was treated was unfair, but the people most likely overreacted towards Rin's blue flames and other demon qualities.


Do the pages to which Yuri Nazarov's photograph is clipped come from real publications?

I ran two different internet searches for text that I could identify from the two different pages. Both searches led me to the 2000 article from TIME, "May It Please The Court".

The text copied in left page in the Noir shot begins at:

  The embarrassing admission didn't change Hengartner's overall point that there were serious problems with punch-card voting, but it may have damaged his credibility with Sauls.

The text shown follows that of the magazine article through the next paragraph.

The text on the right page begins at:

  […] remain skittish and ready to bolt - and if they abandon Gore this week, he will almost surely have to concede.

But note that in an actual magazine article, this division of the pages would not make sense, as this would duplicate text that is already on the left page (e.g. ready to bolt). The most likely interpretation is that the "page" was duplicated, and the text used in a Lorem ipsum-like manner.

Something similar happens in ep. 10, where a prosecutor is shown with a volume that presumably contains case details, in French. The two open pages contain identical text. The French does not make sense as a whole, but an internet search with the bits that do make sense leads to this Le Monde diplomatique article from 2001. Evidently, some words have been cut out; I do not know why. The beginning of the text of same article is also shown later on the front page of Libération.


If Yhwach has absorbed all of soul kings powers, does it mean that he absorbs Mimihagi and Ukitake as well?

The specifics of what happened are not clear, but what is clear is simple.

Warning heavy spoilers ahead, because the anime has stopped before the latest arc Thousand Year Blood War.

SPOILERS

  In chapter 620, Yhwatch proclaims he will take everything that was the soul kings, including the right arm. IN chapter 621, we witness Mimihagi, the soul kings right arm, separate from Ukitake and he is left unconscious on the ground. Therefore, though it is speculation, it is probably a safe assumption that the Mimihagi was absorbed, while Ukitake was left alone and not absorbed. A Shinigami's Body is their soul, and even though Ukitake combined with it, it still separated from him fairly easily. We also know one more thing, A few chapters earlier, shortly before Mimihagi stabilized the soul king, Ukitake stated he should have died when he was 3, were it not for Mimihagi inhabiting his body, and halting the lung disease he suffered. With it gone, he is no doubt completely incapacitated, and probably not far from death unless one of the scientists of the Gotei can heal him, if not dead already.

And now, As of the end of the manga, Ukitake's fate was revealed:

   After separating from the right hand of the soul king and being left unconscious, he died. As shown in the 2nd to last chapter in the manga, 685, Shunshi was visiting his grave.


Where can I buy Anime/Manga based Jigsaw Puzzles?

There are indeed close to 0 jigsaw puzzles for FLCL available.

I did find a digital one

http://www.jigidi.com/solve.php?id=WHBI5J3Y

and there might be some other digital on this site. But i did not directly find it.

http://www.onlinejigsawpuzzles.net/anime.htm

As for your other jigsaw puzzle needs you should checkout one of the following sites. They offer the broadest variety of anime jigsaws. The might not have FLCL but do have loads of others.

http://shop.animepagoda.com/Jigsaw-Puzzles

http://jzool.com/en/c/444-anime-jigsaw-puzzles#

and might also run into a FLCL one on here, but that is mainly based on luck. They do usually offer a variety of other anime related jigsaw puzzles though.

http://www.ebay.com/bhp/anime-puzzle

http://www.amazon.com/s?rh=n%3A166363011%2Cp_n_feature_browse-bin%3A3233064011


When does Kakashi first use his Mangekyou Sharingan?

Kakashi's first known use of the Mangekyo Sharigan was against Deidara. However, I think your question really is why did he not use it earlier. There could be a number of reasons why he did not use it or was not shown using it earlier.

Kakashi awakened the Mangekyo Sharingan when Rin was killed. He thus failed to keep his promise to Obito. Hence, this was a emotionally painful moment for him, tied to both Rin and Obito. Maybe he did not want to use it since to avoid revisiting those emotions.

As mentioned in lexter's answer, another reason is that being a non-Uchiha, he simply did not have enough stamina to use it effectively in battle. Even after timeskip, he could only use it twice in a day, and had to take rest for a week or so after he used it. Before timeskip, he was in charge of genin-level students, and he couldn't risk getting knocked out and put his students in danger.

Also, before the timeskip, he simply did not get to fight villains against whom he was forced to use it. He only fought Zabuza and Haku during the Land of Waves arc, and unnamed shinobi from Sand Village and Sound Village during the Invasion of Konoha arc. If Orochimaru were to fight him, Kakashi would probably be pushed to using it, but Orochimaru fought with the Third Hokage instead.

Losing to Uchiha Itachi easily may have compelled Kakashi to consider using it, due to the usual shounen/Naruto logic of "If I want to protect my nakama, I have to get stronger."

There could also be a couple of author issues why Kakashi couldn't be shown using it earlier. Sasuke was a protagonist at the time, and his main aim in life was to kill Itachi. Therefore, it was necessary to introduce Itachi as a superpowerful villian. Ensuring that Mangekyo Sharingan is first mentioned when Itachi is introduced would maximize the audience's perception of how strong and evil Itachi is.

The other reason is it was not in the author's plan that Kakashi had already awakened the Mangekyo Sharingan when the series started, and planned to offer an alternate explanation for how he awakened it during the timeskip period. However, as he started addressing the hanging threads while winding up the story, he decided to shoehorn it into Obito's backstory.


Does "Domestic Girlfriend" manga continue after anime ending?

Yes, the series continues in the manga. Even better yet, the manga is still ongoing meaning there are still new chapters to come even.

As it stands there are 24 volumes, containing 251 chapters total.
Most of which are available for Kindle e-readers through Amazon


How strong is Saitama to be able to resist the gravitational pull of a black hole?

Does this mean that he was creating gravitational forces equal to that of a black hole on Saitama? According to an interview with the artist, Murata:

  hm~, I'm not sure. Black holes seem too powerful. I won't know for sure without asking ONE.

Take note that his manipulation of gravity only happened in the anime as this was not depicted in the manga. In the manga, specifically in Chapter 34, their fight was swift (he was only able to hurl rocks/pebbles two times before Saitama threw a stone at his head, defeating him). Also, there is the possibility that Geryuganshoop either lied or miscalculated his own strength. I say this because he claimed to be the strongest telekinetic yet was easily defeated by Saitama throwing a pebble at him. He claimed to manipulate gravity and mimic that of a black hole but as seen, Saitama was unaffected. As @kaine mentioned, if that was really a black hole, Earth would've been destroyed.

As a side note, Murata also added that

  ...his ability to control flying object should be above Tatsumaki, because he can eliminate the friction between rocks and air. If Tatsumaki throws rocks like he does, her output will be too powerful, the temperature increase due to friction and pressure, and evaporate the rocks in an instant. Geryuganshoop's psychokinesis can eliminate the friction between objects and air, the rocks will fly at sub-light speed, that's the setting I based my drawing on.

So this means that Saitama can also withstand rocks thrown at sub-light speed, aside from the gravitational force by Geryuganshoop that is supposedly as strong as a black hole's.


What's the difference between Rank 1 through Rank 3 investigators?

In a nutshell, investigators of different ranks hold different weapons and have more skill in fighting. The rank determines an Investigators' level of responsibility in the CCG, access to high-risk missions and high-rated targets. In addition, the rank also determines the salary of the investigator and it also shows different factors of experience they may have gone through.
There are two types of investigators:

Junior Rank Investigator
Senior Rank investigator

Junior Ranks have 3 stages in their careers:

Rank 3: Ghoul investigators here have a special case in their career, and are made investigators without any formal training in the academy.
Rank 2: Everybody without the special cases start here after graduating the academy.
Rank 1: Your highest rank as a Junior Investigator. You've seen some stuff, you've been through the fieldwork, but your still not at the peak of your career.

Now we move on to the Senior Investigators. There are once again three types.

First Class Investigators:
The lowest rank to be considered a Senior Rank Investigator. Most investigators reach this rank later in their careers. Senior Rank Investigators are responsible for training a junior rank investigator. It is basically very difficult to move up the ladder from here on.

Associate Special Class:
This rank is the second highest rank and it is achieved by a small percent of First Class investigators. Responsibilities include overseeing wards as necessary.

Special Class:
This rank is the highest rank. Typically, they are the strongest of all investigators. These guys command operations and will oversee their wards daily as part of their responsibility.

For example, Kureo Mado has something called a Quinque weapon. It's like the spine petal thing. Kureo is a first class investigator. Kureo is very experienced and takes Koutarou Amon as his partner.
Reference: Ghoul Investigator


Why is Team Rocket's motto "To Protect the World from Devastation"?

This is an ongoing joke in the Pokemon series. Jessie and James memorized the motto incorrectly because they aren't the brightest, as explained by Cassidy and Butch in Episode 86.

The real motto as said by Cassidy and Butch:

  Cassidy: Prepare for trouble
  Butch: And make it double
  Cassidy: To infect the world with devastation
  Butch: To Blight all peoples in every nation
  Cassidy: To denouce the goodness of truth and love
  Butch: To extend our wrath to the stars above
  Cassidy: Cassidy
  Butch: Butch
  Cassidy: Team rocket circling the earth both day and night

A YouTube video of this part is here:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5sgp2sn0Wg

In Japanese, the Team Rocket motto that Musashi and Kojirou (Jessie and James) recite goes like this:

  ムサシ: なんだかんだと聞かれたら
  コジロウ: 答えてあげるのが世の情け
  ムサシ: 世界の破壊を防ぐため
  コジロウ: 世界の平和を守るため
  ムサシ: 愛と真実の悪をつらぬく
  コジロウ: ラブリー・チャーミーな敵役
  ムサシ: ムサシ
  コジロウ: コジロウ
  ムサシ: 銀河をかけるロケット団の二人には……
  コジロウ: ホワイトホール、白い明日が待ってるぜ
  ニャース: にゃんてにゃ

With a translation of (non-localized):

  Musashi: If you ask us this or that...
  Kojirō: The pity of the world is what responds!
  Musashi: To prevent the destruction of the world!
  Kojirō: To protect the peace of the world!
  Musashi: To stand by the evils of love and truth!
  Kojirō: The lovely, charmy villains!
  Musashi: Musashi!
  Kojirō: Kojirō!
  Musashi: The pair from Team Rocket soars through the galaxy!
  Kojirō: A white hole, a white tomorrow awaits us!
  Nyarth: Something like that!

A YouTube video of Jesse and James performing their original motto can be found here:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7CNNYFhqdk

Interestingly enough, this joke doesn't seem to happen like it does in the English version. While they do claim to have the correct motto in Episode 86, their motto does not have the same tone the English version does.

Yamato and Kosaburou's (Cassidy and Butch) motto in the Japanese version is as follows:

  ヤマト：何だかんだと聞かれたら
  コサブロウ：答えないのが普通だが
  二人：まあ特別に答えてやろう
  ヤマト：地球の破壊を防ぐため
  コサブロウ：地球の平和を守るため
  ヤマト：愛と誠実な悪を貫く
  コサブロウ：キュート でお茶目な敵役
  ヤマト：ヤマト
  コサブロウ：コサブロウ
  ヤマト：宇宙を駆ける ロケット団の二人には
  コサブロウ：ショッキングピンク桃色の明日が待ってるぜ

And the translation:

  Yamato: If you ask us this or that...
  Kosaburou: We usually don't respond
  Both: But we'll make an exception this time and answer!
  Yamato: To prevent the destruction of the Earth!
  Kosaburou: To protect the peace of the Earth!
  Yamato: To stand by evil with love and sincerity!
  Kosaburou: The cute, mischievous villains!
  Yamato: Yamato!
  Kosaburou: Kosaburou!
  Yamato: The pair from Team Rocket soars through the universe!
  Kosaburou: Shocking pink, a pink tomorrow awaits us!

Additionally, I wasn't able to understand the joke about the "White Hole", so I've posted that as a question here: Why does Kojirou say "white hole" in the Japanese version of Team Rocket's motto?


When do the Pokemon Movies occur chronologically to the plot?

GEN I & II Pokemon Original Series (Kanto and Johto)

Pokémon: The First Movie—Mewtwo Strikes Back (Mewtwo's Counterattack)

Ash got all the badges and haven't fought the league yet. Could be anywhere between 64 and 74.
Pokémon: The Movie 2000—The Power of One (Mirage Pokémon: Lugia's
Explosive Birth)

Between 86 and 115 because he still has the Lapras.
Pokémon 3: The Movie—Spell of the Unown (Emperor of The Crystal Tower: ENTEI)

Between 156 and 165. Brock used Zubat in movie, gets Golbat in 165.
Pokémon 4Ever—Celebi: Voice of the Forest (Celebi: The Meeting that Traversed Time)

Between 201 and 209. Ash uses Bayleef, obtained in 201.
Pokémon Heroes: Latios and Latias (Guardian Gods of the Capital of Water: Latias and Latios)

Between 247 and 257. Misty obtained Politoad in 247, Ash got Larvita Egg in 257 which wasn't with him in the movie.

GEN III Pokemon Advanced Generation (AG) Hoenn

Jirachi Wish Maker (Wishing Star of the Seven Nights: Jirachi)

Between AG 004 and AG 047. May's Torchic only knows Ember and Peck in the movie and learns quick attack in AG 047.
Destiny Deoxys (Visitor from the Sky-Splitting: Deoxys)

Between AG 058 and AG 066. Ash has Trokoal but doesn't have Grovyle.
Lucario and the Mystery of Mew (Mew and the Aura Hero: Lucario)

Between AG 082 and AG 018. May gets Combusken at 082, Ash gets Snorunt at 108.
Pokémon Ranger and the Temple of the Sea (The Pokémon Ranger and the Prince of the Sea: Manaphy)

Between AG 148 and the end of the series at AG 192. Brock has Marshtomp (obtained in AG 148) and that's the latest Pokemon that the team acquired in the region shown in the movie.

GEN IV Pokemon Diamond and Pearl (DP) Sinnoh

The Rise of Darkrai (Dialga VS Palkia VS Darkrai)

Between DP 038 and DP 055. Brock already hatched Happiny, but Buizel is still Dawn's.
Giratina and the Sky Warrior (Giratina and the Bouquet of the Frozen Sky: Shaymin)

Between DP 085 and DP 100. Ash has Gliscor, but Turtwig hasn't evolved yet.
Arceus and the Jewel of Life (Arceus: To Conquering Space-Time)

Between DP 132 and DP 163. Ash has a Monferno which he acquired in 132 and evolves in DP 163.
Zoroark—Master of Illusions (Phantom Ruler: Zoroark)

Between 171 and the end of series at 192. Dawn has Togekiss, and that was the last Pokemon acquired in the series.

GEN V Pokemon Best Wishes (BW) Unova

White—Victini and Zekrom (Victini and the Black Hero: Zekrom)
Black—Victini and Reshiram (Victini and the White Hero: Reshiram)

Between BW 024 and BW 077. Ash has hatched Scraggy, but only has Tepig.
Kyurem vs. the Sword of Justice (Kyurem vs. the Sacred Swordsman: Keldeo)

Between BW 077 and BW 116. This one is debatable because Ash had Pignite but probably doesn't have Charizard (otherwise, he would've used it), but he could have kept it in the ball and there was no other evidence.
Genesect and the Legend Awakened (ExtremeSpeed Genesect: Mewtwo Awakens)

Between BW 116 and the end of the series BW 144. Ash has his Charizard and that was the last Pokemon acquired.

GEN VI Pokemon XY/Pokemon XY&Z (XY) Kalos

Diancie and the Cocoon of Destruction

Between XY 038 and XY 052. Ash's Froakie knows Cut (it's actually Laido) but is still a Froakie.
Hoopa and the Clash of Ages (The Archdjinni of the Rings: Hoopa)

Between XY 067 and XY 100. Serena has Braixen but Ash doesn't have Greninja yet. Clemont is also traveling with Ash again, so wait until after their battle when he rejoins them.
Volcanion and the Mechanical Marvel (Volcanion and the Exquisite Magearna)

Between XY 110 and XY 126. Ash has Noivern but his Goodra hasn't rejoined the group yet.

GEN VII Pokemon Sun & Moon (SM) Alola (?)

I Choose You and Everyone's Story

These two movies take place in an alternate timeline and are retellings of the Orginal Series and the Orange Islands, respectively. Despite airing alongside the Alola-based series, they have no bearing whatsoever on it.

I base these through the Pokemon in the team including (Ash's friends at the time) in the movie and the moves they've used. The original series might be a bit off because I have the banned episode as episode 38 and the safari episode as well. The first episode means that the movie was at least after that episode; the second episode means that the movie was definitely before that episode with one exception of Keldeo. It could be anywhere between the two episodes, so it's why there's a gap. The reasoning for the episodes is there as well. The source of info was from Bulbapedia and my Pokemon anime and movie collection.


Why was Ryuk tied to Light's Death Note?

According to How to use II:

  The owner of the note can recognize the image and voice of the original owner, i.e. a god of death.

Therefore the only explanation for Light being able to see Ryuk would be, that Ryuk is the original owner. But how did Ryuk become the owner of Sidoh's Death Note? As I explained at How did Ryuk trick the King of Death Gods?, it is because of How to Use XII:

  If you lose the Death Note or have it stolen, you will lose its ownership unless you retrieve it within 490 days.

Ryuk became owner of Sidoh's Death Note because of this rule. It wasn't until chapter 65 that Sidoh realized that he had lost his Death Note, which is 6 years after Ryuk first dropped the Death Note down to earth. If it took him at least 6 years to realize he had lost his Death Note, it would be safe to assume that Ryuk had already found the Death Note 490 days before he dropped it down to earth, claiming ownership and becoming tied to that particular Death Note.


Is the intersection of people killed by Cell and Majin Buu still dead?

No.
The people killed by Cell were brought back due to a wish granted by Shenron.
The second wish however to bring back the people who died in the Majin Buu saga was granted by Porunga who has no limitations regarding the number of times a person can be brought back to life.
Source : Dragon Ball


Four people excluded from the kill list of Dark Young of Shub-Niggurath

I only know of 3. Not 100% certain, but based on speculation and supporting evidence.

First:

As evidenced by Ainz propositioning Gazef to join him as his subordinate, it can be assumed that he is 1 of the 4 people because he wants Gazef to join him.

Second:

This one is based on speculation, but presumably the second person is King Ramposa III. The goal is to annex the Re-Estize Kingdom. The country would fall into ruin and chaos if the king were to die at Katze Plains, especially with the disappearance (death) of Prince Barbro, and would hinder Nazarick's ability to take over the country.

Third: Spoiler Alert

   At this point in the story, Princess Renner is already in contact and working with Demiurge and Nazarick. She has asked them not to kill Climb.

Fourth Possibilities:

Uncertain. Anybody is free to comment who they think the fourth person is.

Brain: He has met Shalltear and Sebas. While Shalltear didn't even recognize him, maybe Sebas mentioned him to Ainz after the events with the Eight Fingers. Seems unlikely Ainz would see any value in Brain's life as of this moment, but possible.

Marquis Raeven:
A high ranking noble who currently supports Prince Zanac's claim to the throne. Spoiler Alert.

   As we know, Princess Renner is working with Demiurge and Nazarick, and she is currently working with Prince Zanac, though more likely she is manipulating him, so that he can wed Renner to Climb once he claims the throne. As one of Zanac's most powerful supporters, perhaps Renner asked Ainz to also not kill him, so not to reduce Prince Zanac's influence in the kingdom. Possible, but seems unlikely given that after the events at Katze Plains, Raeven was so traumatized that he abandoned his post and returned to private territory.


It is canon, according to MHA's English Translator.

  Since a lot of people probably aren't familiar, this is a spinoff series to My Hero Academia. It takes place 4+ years before the events of MHA (they say Izuku is in elementary school), and features cameos by Eraser Head, Midnight, Tsukauchi, Ingenium, etc.

  It's all canon.


Did Kyousuke's parents know about what happened between him and Kirino?

The later parts of Ore Imo contained all sorts of plot holes, dropped plots, and things that were just plain stupid. This was not the anime's fault—all of its plot holes and stupidity were copied straight from the light novel, but usually without the bloat that plagued the later novels.

Anyway, the novels give no clear indication about whether the Kousaka parents knew their children were "dating", but as @nhahtdh says, it seems very unlikely that Kyousuke would be allowed to live in the house if their father knew, since their father is also very protective of Kirino and often critical of Kyousuke. Manami did threaten to tell their parents, but relented.

As @noko mentions, there was a scene in both the novels and anime where their mother seemed to be on to something. (This was before they were "dating", though, so it actually was an unfounded accusation at that point.) This occurred in Chapter 1 of Volume 10 of the light novels. However, if we look at the conversation, it doesn't seem like she actually thought they were romantically involved:

  Then Mom started with a topic that made me yell in surprise -----

  "…Kyousuke, you…have you done something strange to Kirino?"

  "Pfffff."

  "Ha? Ha!?"

  Hearing that totally unexpected topic, both Kirino and I were caught
  off guard.

  "Mom? What did you just say?"

  "I asked if you have done something strange to Kirino."

  "What do you mean by 'strange'?"

  "Yes! Strange means strange things!!"

  Give me a good answer! You really are Kirino's mother!

  "That…in other words…You are thinking that I have done some erotic
  things to Kirino?"

  "Cough cough cough!"

  Next to me, Kirino choked.

  Well…her reaction is understandable.

  Seeing my reaction, Mom's eyes suddenly became sharper.

  "I didn't mean it like that, but since that’s the first thing that
  came to your mind, so it seems….."

All their mother does is ask if Kyousuke has done something strange to Kirino. Kyousuke himself brings up "erotic things", and their mother jumps on the fact that that was the first meaning he thought of for "something strange." She does go on to mention all the lovey-dovey things they've been doing recently, including coming home in wedding clothes, but until Kyousuke opened his big dumb mouth, she probably just wondered why they were suddenly so close and engaging in such strange behavior.

By the way, their father already knows about Kirino's otaku hobbies and how Kyousuke is in on it and covering for her. The novels remind us of that in this piece of dialogue:

  Dad made a 'don't pass the ball to me now' expression then sighed and
  said:

  "I'm not worried about the situation that your mother just talked
  about. I'm the one who understands what is going on between you and
  Kirino better than anyone. For you to cherish each other so much is
  within my expectations."

  Dad, you are making it worse!

  My face was gradually getting redder, my throat seemed like it was
  blocked.

  "……"

  No, no, don't say something so embarrassing! I'm embarrassed!

  ….I didn't even know why Dad spoke so highly of me ----- no, it’s
  probably because I was the one who brought Kirino back from America.

  It's natural for a doting elder brother to take care of his little
  sister.

  Now, I could say it without hesitation.

  Still, Dad wasn't the type to just praise someone that easily.

  "Kyousuke. Think back to about a year ago."

  "A year ago?"

  "Yes, about Kirino's - no, your hobby, we talked about it before."

  "….."

  Kirino's hobby – you mean the 'little sister based eroge'? When you
  caught her?

  At that time, I insisted that it was my hobby.

This is probably enough to explain their newly found closeness for their father.

Towards the end of the novel, in Chapter 4 of Volume 10, Kyousuke asks his mother about her suspicions, and his mother replies that she never really believed they were romantically involved, reinforcing what I claimed above:

  "Oh right, Mom. I got an A. So was your inexplicable misunderstanding
  solved?"

  "What inexplicable misunderstanding are you talking about?"

  "That — the misunderstanding that I had a love affair with Kirino."

  Even now, I still don't understand. Mom suspected that I had an impure
  relationship with Kirino, so she forced me to keep a distance with
  Kirino. But why did she allow me to come back if I got an A? It had no
  effect on my relationship with Kirino at all.

  "Ah, you meant that."

  Mom burst out laughing.

  "Actually, I never thought that you had done anything to your little
  sister."

  "— What?"

  Did I just hear something unbelievable? I thought about what I just
  heard —

  "What! What is going on!?"

  I roared and stood up.

  "Recently, your relationship with Kirino has improved. So under these
  conditions, I separated you two. By doing that, you – the lazy brother
  would do your best due to the power of your siscon nature. Looks like
  my plan worked out in the end."

  Mom continued praising herself, "I'm so smart."

The later novels don't ever suggest that their parents know anything, and it seems likely they don't. After all, as far as we can gather, not much changed in their relationship, at least externally. Maybe they're a little more lovey-dovey, but they were already pretty lovey-dovey by Volume 10. They were already going to each others' rooms at night and going out together on weekends; the only real difference is that the weekend outings are "dates" now. They do go around telling their friends that they're dating, but aside from Manami, none of their friends has any reason to rat them out, and Manami gave in, so it's probably just a sort of open secret among their circle of friends. Also, they only "dated" for around three months, and were probably rather scrupulous about keeping the secret during this period—no more coming home together in wedding clothes. So, all in all, it seems that the Kousaka parents didn't know anything.


A school-life manga where everyone is given a word, which becomes their power to survive against monsters

Sounds like you're looking for Aphorism

It is about a school which only accepts students who can see an island in the sky:

  Welcome to Naraka High School, where every graduate is guaranteed a bright future. Seriously. Just by graduating, your status will be greatly raised, and can even become a bureaucrat without ever needing to go to college. Entry requirements? If you can see the floating island, you’re accepted.

On the first day, everyone was given a word which turned out to be some kind of power. The main character got the word which allowed him to change his appearance to that of other people.

  Rokudou Momiji is a kid who does not matter, an absolute nobody. He has never been smart enough, or fast enough, or even tall enough, and he wants to change that, since he’s going to high school, and especially since he’s met a girl he wants to impress. So on the first day of high school, when the students are tasked with writing down “a character (kanji) that they will need for the future”, he writes down the kanji for “change”.

Most of the student were killed in the first day by some kind of monster, and there were monsters appearing everyday (except for rainy days).

  Monsters start oozing out from the ground, and all the students are forced to start fighting for their lives. ... When it’s over, more than half of the student population has been killed, and there's more: every time the floating island aligns with the sun, something like this will happen, and every time it happens, students will be expected to fight for their survival.


What would happen to the infinite tsukoyomi when the moon was not in the sky anymore?

The actual jutsu only lasted for a few minutes; if it did not, Naruto, Sasuke, Kakashi and Sakura would have been affected when they left the cover of Sasuke's Susano. The effects of the jutsu do not end when the jutsu ends.


Was Naruto controlled by the Nine Tailed Fox?

During his fight with Sasuke Naruto is seen to be in his Version 1 of the Nine Tails cloak. According to the Naruto Wiki, Naruto has very little control over his actions. It is not until he enters the Version 2 form of the Nine Tails cloak that he loses complete control.

This is Naruto during the fight with Sasuke at The Valley of the End in the Version 1 form:

This is the Version 2 form where he loses complete control:

  In Version 1 transformations, Naruto had only the briefest of control
  of his own actions. If he fell deeper into a rage, Naruto could slip
  into Version 2, losing himself to Kurama's negative influence and
  going berserk, requiring outside help to suppress the fox's
  chakra.


What does the small text say in the noitaminA intro?

With thanks to user @Prix for linking this to me, and reddit user herrekorre for the actual content.

Here is a higher resolution image:

I think this section is fairly easy to read.

  noitaminA jingle movie - TYPE: Augmented Reality (ar) Version 1.10.03.23

  (b) 2010 made by Studio - RIKKA.

  No drive attached to Animation, The BIOS is not installed.

  Checking file system on C:

  The type of file system is Augmented Reality.

  CHKDSK is verifying files ( stage 1 of 1 ).

  File verification completed.

  100 percent completed

  Expanding "noitaminA" timeslot

  Set at Thursday 24:45-25:15, noitaminA has been the highest rated midnight anime slot on TV in Japan.

  Stable and high reputations gained from the advertisers.

  Starting April 2010, the 30-min weekly timeslot

  TALES OF AGRICULTURE

  Tadayasu is a new fresh-faced university student hiding a bizarre secret: He can see germs with the naked eye.

  EDEN OF THE EAST

  Set in Tokyo in the near future, this is a story of just 11 days on a boy who challenged the prevailing "depressing" mood of the country and a girl who supported him.

  MONONOKE

  In the Edo era of Japan, as cultural arts, modern science, and technology flourished, so too did the practice of mystical arts, as humanity faced the perils of the supernatural!

(Mononoke script found at: http://www.fujicreative.co.jp/Portals/0/special/anime/mononoke/mononoke.html)

  NOTICE!

  magnitude8

  The location is Odaiba, the Tokyo Bay Area at the start of the summer vacation
  13-year-old Mirai and her 8-year-old brother, Yuki, are left away from home when the catastrophically large quake has hit Tokyo.

  EDEN OF THE EAST

  Set in Tokyo in the near future, this is a story of just 11 days on a boy who challenged the prevailing "depressing" mood of the country and a girl who supported him. The boy, Takizawa, who lost his memory, helps Saki out when she is trouble in Washington D.C. They return to Japan and try to solve the mysteries of Takizawa's lost memory. He seems to be one of the twelve selected people to lead the country in the right direction.

  STATUS

  Starting April 2010, the 30-min weekly timeslot will be expanded into one hour

  LEVEL1

  Format: 12(?)eps, 30min
  broadCast:from April22
  Timeslot: "noitaminA"

Similar info for Level 2 & 3

  Expanding "noitaminA" timeslot

  Set at Thursday 24:45-25:15, noitaminA has been the highest rated midnight anime slot on TV in Japan.

  Stable and high reputations gained from the advertisers.

  Starting April 2010, the 30-min weekly timeslot will be expanded into one hour consisting of two 30min series, doubling the number of animation titles to be produced and broadcast in the slot throughout the year.

  TITLE

  The Tatami Galaxy

  TALES OF AGRICULTURE

  Saraiya Goyou

  Welcom to Irabu's_office

  EDEN OF THE EAST

  magunitude8

  Antique

  Hakaba_kitano

  MONONOKE

  Genji

  Antique

  One day Keichiro Tachibana opens a cake shop. Then a gifted patissier/pastry chef called Ono appears. Tachibana and Ono were classmates in high school, but Tachibana gave Ono (a man) the cold shoulder back then. Luckily Ono doesn't remember Tachibana. Tachibana feels relaxed and persuades Ono to work for him as a chef/patissier. However, Ono is a guy of "irresistible Charm" now and gives Tachibana nightmares by trying to seduce him.
  At this cake shop called Antique, an incident from Tachibana's childhood is revealed, and a variety of cakes is presented. This is a delightful comedy anime

I'm sure it's missing stuff here and there, but this solves the mystery of the small text. It's mainly synopses and similar small items of text related to noitaminA.

Most of the extraction of info:  http://www.reddit.com/r/anime/comments/23ac5m/does_anyone_have_a_transcription_of_the_text_from/


Most probably, yes.
Here's Ultimecia's original script in Japanese:

アルティミシア
「おまえの思う、最も強い者を召喚してやろう」
「おまえが強く思えば思うほど、」
「それは、おまえを苦しめるだろう」
「ふふっ」

translated to:

Ultimecia
"Let me summon the one you think is the strongest thing."
"The stronger you think it is,"
"the more it will torment you."
"Heh heh."

This is because Squall admired and believed Lion as a powerful creature, as described in Final Fantasy 20th Anniversary Ultimania File 2: Scenario guide book, page 247:

Image courtesy of Squall_of_Seed

Griever
The legendary lion famous as king of the beasts
A name attached to Lion, an imaginary animal that doesn't exist in this world. Squall, who admires its solitary figure, had his gunblade and accessories etched with lion design, and made it as a foundation in his closed mind.
⇐ The sorceress Ultimecia materialized Griever from images in Squall's mind as a G.F. and used it in the battle.


Why can Devil Fruit users use their abilities while wet?

TL;DR

Kuzan freezes the water without touching it. So the water doesn't nullify him. Think like how Ace tries to vaporize sea water with fire. He only creates those fire he isn't the fire in that case.
Sea water doesn't cancel Devil Fruit powers it only weakens it for the Paramecia type.

From Wikia article on Kuzan:

  In addition, Kuzan is one of the few Devil Fruit users who has adapted
  their powers to travel efficiently across the sea. In his case,
  freezes the water underneath Ao Chari then rides across the sea, due
  to the water freezing as the wheels pass over it. This freezing
  ability, which can be used on a very large scale, renders Kuzan one of
  the few Devil Fruit users who can actually counteract the weakness of
  falling into a large body of water and drowning, as he can just freeze
  the water and stand on the ice.

From the Wikia article on Logia

  Logia Devil Fruits allow a person to create, control, and transform
  into a natural element or force of nature, depending on the fruit. The
  user can transform partly, or completely.

For Luffy's case, check this post.


What is the extent of the power of the Dragon Balls?

You misunderstood Shenlong's words. Shenlong was created by the guardian of the Earth, Kami, in chapter 165. Therefore, Shenlong could not have greater powers than his creator. Shenlong's powers are not limited to the Earth nor are they limited to Earthlings. That's not how it works and it is not what he meant by that. They are disallowed from killing others, creating love, or anything that Kami wouldn't have been able to do with his own power.

Although the above statement is still rather vague. I mean, does this imply that they could wish for weak Earthlings to die, because Kami has the powers to do so? Or could Kami himself grant immortality, since his powers should be greater than or equal to those of Shenlong's? Those rules aren't ever explained in detail in the manga as far as I know, and it is never explained whether Shenlong can't kill anyone or only those stronger than Kami, but it is clear that Shenlong couldn't kill Nappa, Vegeta or any other villain Earth has encountered, because neither Kami nor Dende were that strong to begin with.

Dragon Ball wiki page

You can read more about the Dragon Balls' or Shenlong's powers on the wiki page.

  The Earth Dragon Balls are about 7.5 cm (approximately 3 in) in diameter, and they summon a dragon named Shenron. They were created by Kami, and later re-created by Dende. Shenron can grant a wish within its powers as long as it does not kill, create love, repeat a wish he previously granted, surpasses its creator's power, and a few more restrictions. Legitimate wishes include eternal youth, immortality, bringing back a scorched forest or even an annihilated planet. Also, it is possible to return a person to life, although only if they meet certain criteria, like dying of unnatural causes or within the time-frame of a year (half a century according to the Ocean Dub), and each individual can only be brought back once. The Eternal Dragon will grant the first wish uttered after it was called, by whomever is present.


Is the "Ace" position in Haikyuu just made up for the manga/anime?

It's not a "position" in the same sense that "libero" and "middle blocker" are positions. That is to say, you probably aren't going to find any references to an "ace" as a position in, say, the Japan Volleyball Association's rulebook.

When Haikyuu!! refers to Azumane as Karasuno's "ace", that's in the usual colloquial sense - he's the best (offensive) player on the team. In English, this sense of "ace" seems to be fairly restricted to baseball (where it refers to the best pitcher on the team), but the Japanese equivalent (エース ēsu, borrowed from English "ace") is used fairly often in real life for team-leading players in other team sports as well, including (at minimum) soccer and volleyball.

As it turns out, this turn of phrase has made it way into other parts of Japanese volleyball lingo. A wing spiker (Eng. "outside hitter" or "opposite hitter") who focuses primarily on offense may also be referred to as a "super ace". But this is not the sense in which Haikyuu!! tends to use the term "ace".


What is the relation between Ergo Proxy and Vincent Law?

From what I understand, Proxy 1 and Ergo Proxy are two separate entities. A miss conception, thanks to the English translation, is proxy 1 created Romdeau; this is not the case as Romdeau is described a flawed Dome in the same way as its creator, Ergo Proxy, is a clone on Proxy 1 and hence a flawed proxy (also shown by the fact he can survive UV rays).

This is further backed up by the relationship between Ergo and Monad. Monad we are told loved Ergo proxy due to their opposing natures of life and death, thus she comes to Vincent AKA Ergos aid at the end of the series rather than to help forefill Proxy 1's ambitions for Ergo to destroy humanities chance for a future on earth.

Vincent is therefore the human name of the being Ergo proxy while he has amnesia due to the removal of his own memories to prevent him from becoming the literal grim reaper on earth. Ergo Proxy was created a long time prior to the series by Proxy 1 as a means of revenge on humanity.

Of coarse I could be completely wrong but it doesn't really matter as the main focus of the anime isn't the plot but the moral and theological questions which arise from the setting and premise of the series. In short its a fantastic anime whether the ending is ambiguous or not :)


What is the name of the violin song during the first and last episode?

I'm pretty sure that is "Yasashisa no Ashioto", the 28th track from the "Toradora Original Soundtrack".


How did Naruto restore Kakashi's left eye?

It was thanks to Naruto's new power: Ying Yang Release that he was able to restore it. If you remember  Hagoromo Ōtsutsuki  transfer his powers to Naruto (and Sasuke). The answer comes from the Naruto Wikipedia:

   After receiving power from Hagoromo, Naruto Uzumaki gained the ability to use Yin–Yang Release to stabilise life forces and restore missing organs through physical contact. However, there appears to be a limit to the extent to what this power can heal: While he was able to save Might Guy from the normally fatal consequences of unleashing all Eight Gates, he was unable to repair the damage done to his leg as a result of using Might Guy, and Guy spent the remainder of his life wheelchair-bound. Naruto was also able to resuscitate Obito after the Ten-Tails was extracted from him, but both were aware that his death was unavoidable when he was struck by Kaguya Ōtsutsuki's All-Killing Ash Bones.


Why didn't Kayaba Akihiko notice that not all of the players were logged out?

Because it's assumed his physical body died

  In the aftermath of the death game, Akihiko proceeded with his desire to die along with the collapse of the game, as he had decided before Sword Art Online even began. He thus used a remodeled FullDive machine to perform a super high-powered scan of his brain to transfer his consciousness into the virtual world permanently. This scan led to his brain cells burning out, killing his body.

Source: Akihiko Kayaba > Chronology > Aincrad Arc (last paragraph)

now it's up to debate whether Kayaba's consciousness still lives but even if he lived on there's the fact he proably didn't care too much

  Kayaba Akihiko had little to no empathy, with a complete disregard for human life, including his own, and instead was completely taken in by the virtual world. When he accidentally struck Asuna, which caused her apparent in-game death, he showed no remorse, and instead seemed rather amused, even though it caused Kirito an incredible amount of grief at the time. He chose to fulfill his dream by making a death game which cost thousands of lives, and simply noted that their minds were gone from both worlds. His fascination with computers was very much like Kirito's, with the major difference being Akihiko having no regard for the lives of others, and Kirito doing everything he can to protect them.

Source: Kayaba Akihiko > Personality (3rd paragraph

there's also the fact that Sugou knows the SAO systems because ALO is uses SAO's code base. also

  Once «Sword Art Online» (SAO) was cleared, thus disabling the security of the SAO servers, he was able to hack into the SAO server via router and reroute the minds of three hundred SAO players including Asuna, to ALfheim Online.

Source: Sugou Nobuyuki > Background

i would assume Sugou would know to reroute the minds without drawing suspicion to or linking it back to the ALO servers or himself so even is Kayaba could do anything, it would proably be mitigating the damage (ie. less players get transfered). also Hollow Fragment would suggest that Sugou had Admin permissions in SAO as well so assuming Kayaba didn't have Super Admin anything Kayaba could do to stop Sugou he could just undo


Why do Aya and Youko consider going to a ramen shop alone so amazing?

Shall I assume that these characters are in high school or younger? In that case, yes, it not so common for high schoolers to hang out at a ramen restaurant compared to a fast food place like McDonald's or a family restaurant like Jonythan's where they can stay for a long time using the drink bar (all-you-can-drink soft drinks/juice/coffee/tea), study there, chat with friends, etc. Ramen restaurants are generally not upscale and, as you can see in the illustration, strangers may sit next to each other at bar-like seating, so this makes it convenient for middle-aged salarymen to eat lunch there alone (again, this is shown in the illustration).  Ramen shops are not very conducive for having conversations, hanging out, and staying past when you empty your bowl. Thus, it's not a place that usually has a family or young people vibe.

If these characters are university students, it is less likely that the Japanese girls would consider Karen fearless, because university students tend to want to eat cheap and quick food, so ramen joints work for that, but it is still that case that many female college students wouldn't go to a ramen shop alone, and possibly wouldn't even go there in a group unless that group includes a male friend, because they will assume that the place will be full of college guys and older men. It's more common for Japanese university girls to eat at regular restaurants and cute cafés.


Law vs Breed: why didn't Law use room to remove collars?

It was a filler episode which is not taken from source material (i.e. manga). The fillers are just to extend time for the anime so that it does not catch up to the manga.

This happens in Naruto quite a lot and One Piece has only three filler arcs, so don't think too much about that episode, as it is there only to extend time


How did Madara really obtain his Eternal Mangekyou Sharingan?

Based on the data that is provided by the story, we don't have enough information to make a deduction. The only witnesses to the event were Madara and Izuna.

While this means that Madara's account has greater credibillity than anyone else, Madara has a reputation for deceiving people, such as Obito, with complex webs of lies and staged events. As a result, we cannot consider him a reliable information source.

However, based on information provided in the Naruto Data Book (Number 4, page 37) on Izuna, Izuna gave his eyes willingly. So we can conclude that Madara was telling the truth, at least in this case.

For access to the Japanese data book I reference: https://www.reddit.com/r/Naruto/comments/2l976c/spoilers_the_complete_4th_databook/

For the translation:
https://aminoapps.com/c/anime/page/blog/naruto-data-book-izuna-uchiha/WltX_uRVgmj1rLGwaPw7envXJ0MEjo


Has it ever been established as to who the strongest trainer in the Pokemon Anime is?

Unlike the Pokemon League concept in the games where you battle the elite four after collecting 8 badges, in the anime, the trainers after collecting 8 badges, first compete in a Tournament called the Pokemon League and the winner then gets to take part in the Champion League, where they compete against the Elite four and then challenge the current Pokemon Champion for the title.The reason for mentioning the same is because, it has to be emphasized that challenging the Elite four and even the Champion, is a lot more complicated in the anime. Hence, making them highly skilled and a lot more overpowered than any other trainer.Tobias is not the strongest trainer in the Anime. This can be easily disproved with three reasonsCynthia "The Sinnoh Champion", makes in appearence in the Unova Series after Tobias won the Sinnoh Pokemon League. It was stated that Cynthia was still the champion of Sinnoh. I think that would imply, Tobias didn't defeat her in battle.Tobias's strongest pokemon was most likely Darkrai considering he used it the most. This was defeated by Ash's Sceptile which is no doubt a high leveled pokemon but it is no where close to the strength of an Elite Fours/ Champions Pokemon. In the same series, we watch Cynthia fight Paul( A trainer with the same level of experience of Ash). His " Torterra ", the starter pokemon that he used and his strongest(Considering he took part in 3 Pokemon Leagues with it). was knocked out with a single blow by Cynthia's Garchomp. The same Garchomp, also defeated Flint's Infernape, which effortlessly pummeled Ash's Infernape and Pikachu. I think it's fair to say Sceptile is certaintly not as experienced as Flint's Infernape and even Paul's Torterra, yet was able to take out Tobias's Darkrai. This sort of indicates that Tobias's Darkrai is no where close to Elite Four tierDuring the course of battle, Tobias stated that the Draco Meteor from Ash's Gible would've taken out any of his pokemon except Darkrai. Ash's Gible is no where close to an Elite Four tier pokemon. This again proves Tobias is definitely not the strongest trainer.If one were to take certain Evil Teams in the Anime, gaining control of a Legendary Pokemon into consideration, it would end up complicating the answer for the same. So disregarding them (Considering the fact that the Pokemon aren't technically owned by them & they eventually lose the pokemon cause of plot), that would leave the Elite Four and the Champions. Although, the Champions can be considered to be stronger than the Elite four Members, it is certainly possible for a few elite four members to be stronger than the Champions of another Region. However, ultimately, the strongest train would be one among the list of champions, so the next task would be to determine which out of all the Pokemon Champions across all the regions, is the strongest. The answer for the same would Primarily be opinion based as we haven't really seen Pokemon Champions of Different Regions Battling it out. At the same time, Type advantages aren't as significant in the anime, hence eliminating that factor from a comparison.Hence, the answer to your question would be a No. Since we do know that the strongest trainer is one among the Champions, in the anime, the strongest trainer would be one among the following list:LanceStevenCynthiaAlderDiantha


Which episodes of Sailor Moon Crystal are Ittou Asanuma in?

I do not recall Asanuma appearing in the first half of the show. It's of course possible he might have appeared earlier as a background object, similar to how the Curtis couple in Fullmetal Alchemist shows up in the background when Winry arrives in Central before they are formally introduced, but there are assuredly no explicit appearances up until episode 15. (If he did show up before then, it would be unsurprising for me -- as someone not that invested into Sailor Moon -- to have missed it, since I would not have known of Asanuma before episode 15.)

Thus:

Episodes 1-14: no explicit appearances
Episode 15: Makoto introduces Asanuma
Episode 16: no appearance except in the preview for 17.
Episode 17: Asanuma asks Makoto about her identity and tells her he wants to protect her.
Episode 18: Asanuma is briefly shown standing in front of a building right before the half-way mark, thinking of Makoto, and then at the fortune-telling meeting being brainwashed along with some other characters (Naru-chan, Sarashina from Rei's school).
Episode 19-25: no appearance: apart from two brief instances where Usagi and some of her friends return to the 20th century, these episodes are entirely set in the 30th century.
Episode 26: short appearance in a still towards the end, after characters return to earth.


It's Rakuen Tsuihou: Expelled from Paradise, a 2014 movie. Genres: action, mecha, sci-fi.

Movie poster and the girl's "data":

Description from MyAnimeList:

  With Earth now left in ruins following the "Nano Hazard," most of
  humanity has abandoned the planet they once called home along with
  their physical bodies and rebuilt their digitalized minds into a
  society within the cyber universe of "DEVA."

  A.D. 2400, DEVA's central council detects an incident of unauthorized
  access into their mainframe. Someone on Earth was trying to hack into
  the system. The only information DEVA was able to retrieve was that
  the hacker referred to themselves as "Frontier Setter."

  To investigate the mysterious hacker's motives, the high officials of
  DEVA dispatch System Security Third Officer Angela Balzac to the
  Earth's surface. Equipped with a prosthetic "material body," Angela
  attempts to make contact with a local agent Dingo, but what awaited
  her instead was a swarm of Sandworms now infesting the Earth's
  surface. Angela intercepts the gruesome pests with her exoskeletal
  powered suit Arhan.

  Will Angela and Dingo be able to find Frontier Setter on this
  devastated planet?

  Their journey to explore the secrets of the world will begin now...!


Did Asako and Souhei end up being together in the end?

On Natsume's work desk, in the manga series credits, there is a picture of her smiling and hugging a guy with a very similar hair-style to Sasahara's (the picture is actually the same on the back cover of the volume 13, after removing the jacket). This suggests that they indeed did develop a further relationship after high school.

At their friends' wedding, they are always seen with each other, though it is not confirmed if they are a couple. So it's up to you to decide, I guess! Personally, I think that they are too great couple to not be together :)


The title of the song in Mahouka Koukou no Rettousei season 1 episode 16 around 19:08

If you're talking about the song that plays just after First High wins the match, it's track 21 "Universal Use" from the Mahouka Original Soundtrack 1.


It seems as it is possible, as Madara has attempted to take control on Obito to use the Rinne Tensei on him. Madara usually knows what he's doing, so we can assume that reviving a reanimated person is possible in that matter.

I don't know about other techniques though.


How far along is the anime compared with the manga?

If you want to start reading the manga from where the anime is right now, the last thing you see in the anime is Luffy grabbing Caesar (episode 597), which corresponds to Chapter 670, page 19.

The last manga chapter right now is Chapter 709 (710 will be coming out either today or tomorrow), so the anime is about 40 chapters behind the anime.

If you translate it into arcs, the anime right now is in the Punk Hazard Arc and the manga is in the Dressrosa Arc.


Why Tachibana Hibiki's moves have no name?

Hibiki is not having her attacks in a "poster" as (due to S1 events) she was part-Gungnir. Hence, her attacks are by itself is the attack of the gear


What happens to the bodies of Bijuu's inside the Juubi?

According to the wiki: The tailed beasts are living forms of chakra, sometimes referred to as "Chakra Monsters" giving them immense reserves of especially strong chakra that far outmatches most shinobi

The bodies you are seeing is not actually a 'physical body'. They are just a representation of that immense chakra which are based on the number of their tails.

That is why, if the chakra of the tailed beasts you are talking about get sucked, that means their whole or part of their 'chakra body' get sucked.

On the other hand, on the last part, it is not necessary to get the whole chakra body of the tailed beasts to form the Jūbi. But when it does absorb only a part, anime/manga makers like Kishimoto is showing that it has already has that beasts' chakra. Please check this question for deeper explanation:

Is the amount of chakra extracted equal to the size of the part that is cut off from the Bijuu?


Who names the powers of Mangekyō Sharingan?

Yes, only the ones with the Mangekyō Sharingan know the names of their techniques.

Taking an example, Obito and Kakashi had Obito's Mangekyō Sharingan. And they had the same Mangekyō technique (Kamui). Considering that Kakashi and Obito never saw each other or trained together after they awakened the Mangekyō, it is not a coincidence that both call their technique "Kamui".

In raw terms (sorry for the bad example), consider the Mangekyō Sharingan as a system, and it has two processes: A.exe and B.exe (the Mangekyō techniques). The two processes are already named, installed and stored in the system. And for the user to access it, all it needs is the fulfilment of the system requirements (loss of a loved one). So, when the uses has access to the processes, they naturally will know what to call it, since its already named and stored.

I hope this answers how the users know the names of their MS techniques. Nothing can be said about how the MS techniques are named because the current level of evidence is inconclusive.


How long does it typically take for popular anime to be dubbed in English?

Depends on who has the western rights to it. If it's Funimation it'll either be a broadcast dub then that'll be 3-5 weeks for the first dub episode to air or they'll dub it for the home release roughly a year later. For the others (Sentai, Aniplex etc..) it'll be roughly a year later for the home release, if it even gets a dub.


What is this soundtrack at My Hero Academia Season 2 Episode 24?

Its called ''Darkness dominates the heart'' You can find it by searching ''Kokoro o shihai shite iku yami'' as well.


Think of Queerats as humans (WINK WINK). A person can be Asian, Caucasian, etc. So, there are many different types of Queerats too; some of them have horns, some have smaller teeth and (in this case) some of them are tall.

HOWEVER. There IS a speculation regarding Kiroumaru's height that involves the origin of the Queerats. It's a last ep spoiler:

   Since Queerats are from non-PK humans, Kiroumaru's height might come from this. It might mean that he or his race didn't "evolve" properly into Queerats. Or, Kiroumaru's race might be tall in the first place. That is, when they were still humans, they were tall. So, when they turned into Queerats, they're tall too.

Hope that helps you :D


Who were the original Seven Deadly Sins?

There weren't any others, meliodas created the sins and they all just came together I believe, and the SDS were NOT around 3000 years ago, they were made when meliodas became a holy knight. ( I haven't seen SDS in a while, but I finished the manga and I'm almost sure I'm right)


Why didn't Yokodera send Azuki Azusa back to Okinawa?

Probably because she would throw a tantrum if he tried. She's been wanting him to show up in okinawa anyway.


Why is Sailor Moon (2014) not airing on TV?

Like senshin mentioned, nobody really knows for sure. One possible speculation floating around is if Toei has another series on TV in July (Say, Precure or Dragon Ball Kai) they wouldn't want it to compete with Sailor Moon Crystal...but even that explanation doesn't make much sense.

Most likely, streaming Crystal on an online service such as NicoNico is the easiest way of reaching an international market, since NicoNico will be streaming SMC with 10 different subtitled languages available. Online streaming could be the easiest way for Toei to keep track of how well Crystal does (internationally and in Japan), either before creating more seasons or airing it on Japanese TV.


Where can I watch My Hero Academia Season 4 English dub for free?

Hulu is a good one, they offer 7 day free trials and that is enough time to finish season 4 of you watch about 5h a day.


It's "Champion" Otar of Freya Familia, he is the only level 7 in  Orario

Ains said it in Danmachi: Sword Oratoria - chapter 34: Bell Cranell

EDIT:

As for comment of Joe W:

   Yes, Ottar is not the only level 7 in the world based on the Danmachi fanbased Wiki about Ottar. But based on discussion who is the other level 7, it seems it is not introduced yet even in the light novel version


What are the anime censorship laws in the United States?

The FCC, the government body responsible for broadcasting media, does not have any specific laws against animation that comes from Japan, otherwise known as anime. Because the 1st amendment protects the Freedom of Expression, the censorship laws that are in place and enforced by the FCC in the U.S are concerned with obscenity, indecency, and profanity. The short summary of the law is that, for media to be prohibited to be aired on television from 6 a.m to 10 p.m, it must:

Not be acceptable to the average person.
Depict anything that violates other existing laws, such as child
pornography.
Lack any artistic, scientific, political, or literary values.
Contain greatly offensive language or otherwise known as profanity.

This is arguably vague, but usually if it meets some of the criteria above, it would be permitted. For example, a satirical anime on U.S politics would probably not be acceptable to the average person and can be offensive. However, if it contains a good amount of political value in the work and does not violate any other existing laws, it would be permitted. Even lolicon material is permitted as it meets some of the criteria above, although it is a murky territory and can land you in legal trouble nonetheless.

Note that this is also the criteria used in courts for media in general, also known as the Miller Test.

Censorship are also in place for libel and slander, but it would be extremely difficult for anyone creating anime to be prosecuted for such things as it would have to lack any artistic, scientific, political, etc. values.

The censorship that you see in anime imported from Japan and translated into English are self-imposed. Different studios handles it differently. For example, the infamous 4Kids Corporation would blatantly westernize the anime it imports, replacing Japanese food with American food, removing highly emotional scenes, and much more. There are also non-governmental ratings made by independent organizations such as the MPAA and government imposed ratings such as the TV Parental Guideline. Theaters and TV stations would follow these ratings to show what is and what is not appropriate to show in what timeslot, in addition to the FCC rules described earlier. Keep in mind that these ratings have no legal weight. A TV-MA rated content can be shown at any time of the day and no one would be prosecuted for it. People would probably think less of your network and so TV stations follow these ratings to keep their audience, but it is not illegal to ignore the ratings.

In summary, as long as it passes the Miller Test, it should be legal.


Why have anime studios changed for Attack on Titan's season 4?

Sooo here's some official statement, but it doesnt say much:
"While Season 3 was in production, we consulted with WIT Studio, and it was decided that The Final Season would be created by a different production studio," Tateishi explains. "One of the reasons is because the end of Season 3 has the protagonist gazing at the ocean, marking a turning point for the story. Also, as creators, we wanted the anime to escalate even further. Through many talks with WIT Studio, we understood that the continuation would be difficult, so we looked for a new studio."
Source: https://www.cbr.com/attack-on-titan-season-4-producers-explain-studio-change/
I was searching for more info, but it seems that for now we only have this short ambigious statement. We don't really know the reason other than WIT Studio probably dont having enough resources to meet producer's expectations.
Personally I think it's because the shift in after certain reveal is pretty big, also there's some massive scenes with titans in upcoming episodes. And WIT is great, but many times they had to use the CGI (like Rodd Titan, Colossal Titan). And this CGI looked pretty bad at times.
MAPPA is great at implementing CGI. Its still noticeable at some scenes with titans, but its still probably better than WIT could afford.
But keep in mind that's just my personal speculation.


Why do some isekai animes tend to have overpowered MC's?

On the surface level, it is simply a straightforward combination of two wish-fulfillment fantasies.

As to why the overpowered Isekai trope has become popular, this is a much more complicated question. While it is difficult to give a scientific source for this, a oft-cited reason is the societal disenfranchisement experienced by young Japanese, the typical target demographic of such material. With the effects of the decades-long post-bubble economic stagnation still present, general societal hostility towards the Yutori generation (ゆとり世代), along with many other reasons that are too complex for me to talk about knowledgeably, there is a general sense of defeat and estrangement toward modern society that pervades a significant portion of Japanese youth. This translates to a desire to escape, rather than try in vain to be successful in the modern world. (Note this trend isn't limited to Japan, but I am limiting it to Japan to keep it on topic.)
Isekai is pretty much the embodiment of the escapism espoused by this urge, and anime (and related material such as manga and LNs), often being a form of escapist wish-fulfillment to begin with, was very receptive to this shift. It effectively rode the wave to end up with the current surfeit of Isekai works.
Now, Isekai in and of itself does not always imply a desire to escape - it may be a method to explore questions about history, or a way to put into perspective the effects of modern societal and economic development. However, the recent popularity of Isekai really isn't concerned with such questions - it is much more about the MC, typically self-inserts, being successful, rich, popular, etc. by virtue of:

Experiences as a typical member of modern society (You will often see the MC heralded as genius for having what would be basic knowledge (e.g. economic concepts or cooking methods) in modern times)
Having nearly omniscient knowledge of a fictional world (common in Isekai involving novels)
Having access to modern technology in a pre-modern world (In Another World with My Smartphone, anyone?)
Having some method to easily "level up" and gain new powers (common in game-based Isekai - note that they often involve overpowered MC-only skills, items or classes)
Or being bestowed powers without reason or any meaningful effort (as given in OP's question)

Note that none of these require any exceptional effort on the MC's part. Having a overpowered MC in an Isekai makes it easier for the reader to get their success-without-effort (or at least, a gamelike success-proportional-to-effort) wish-fulfillment fantasy, which has been in demand with the increasing disillusionment towards the idea "effort breeds success" in modern society.

I've talked in length about why the "Overpowered MC in Isekai" trope appeals to consumers, but a equally, if not more, important aspect is its attractiveness to creators.
Isekai is a very convenient tool for creators, as one can simply apply whatever technology level, society, etc. is convenient for the plot. Unlike, say, the setting the story in the actual medieval times, the faux-historical setting often seen in Isekai means no real research is required, and any dissonance within the verisimilitude of the fictional world can be hand-waved away. In addition, in figuring out the MC and their skills and knowledge, the creator can just directly apply their own experience without further thought or research.
Now, while it would appear at first sight that it would be a simple matter for a MC with all the typical knowledge of the modern world to quickly become successful in a world that can be bent for plot convenience, this really isn't the case.
Anthropological development is not discrete, and for an MC to succeed in a pre-modern world, the writer often has to either; make the MC more knowledgeable than the typical reader (or writer!), or force a contrived lacuna in common knowledge of the Isekai that makes little ethnographical sense.
To give a more concrete example, say that an Isekai is set on a typical pre-gunpowder society, and the writer wants the MC to take over the world by building guns. This would require the MC to know how to manufacture gunpowder, machine intricate metal parts, smelt high-quality steel (or some other suitable metal), and have to ability to raise funds and the manpower to build the parts necessary. This simply isn't the case for most of the audience, becoming a impediment for self-insertion, and also requires the writer to do research, which a lot of Isekai writers can't frankly be bothered to do.
Implementing or applying even a sliver of modern development to a pre-modern society almost always requires a lot of preexisting groundwork, which is both difficult for a self-insert MC to convincingly achieve, and a bunch of annoying research work for the writer.
Then, for an MC without any special powers to become successful in an Isekai, a clear but simple gap in development that any modern hoi polloi can fill is required. Of course, this also means it often makes little sense for the Isekai society to have not filled the gap, which also interferes with the reader's suspension of disbelief. Some examples from my memory: the approximate equivalent of 12th century europe that hadn't realized heat can be used to cook food, or a Baroque era world that did not have the concept of currency.
So, it is difficult for an Isekai MC without special powers to achieve success, at least without some narrative concessions. The obvious recourse, then, is to give the MC special powers. After all, why bother building a gun workshop when you can just conjure guns out of thin air? Or better yet, shoot magic out of your fingers? Giving an Isekai MC special powers makes crafting a logically consistent story much easier - the writer is not constrained by pesky notions such as the limits of human capability or mundanity of the everyman, and can insert contrivances as necessary to keep the story going with the excuse of "special powers".
In short, an overpowered MC sidesteps what is perhaps the Achilles' heel in Isekai fiction writing - that the modern average Joe is no more inherently skilled or knowledgeable than a premodern human (or human equivalent) society.


Based on Manga Chapter 744:

Sabo is shown to have eaten the Mera Mera No Mi, and now has the Mera Mera logia-class power that can control fire.

Thus until chapter 744, Sabo did not have devil fruit powers.

Since he is a part of the Revolutionary Army that is lead by Monkey D. Dragon, who also happens to have saved Sabo from the evils of Goa Kingdom, so Sabo could have named his attacks based on his training under Monkey D. Dragon.

As @Sp0t pointed out, Sabo has a strong haki that can be determined by the color of his body just before the attack that destroyed the arena ring in the Dressrosa arc.


How did the Edo Tensei reanimated Second Mizukage summon the Giant Clam?

He probably summoned the clam the normal way with blood. The anime / manga probably just skipped the summoning scene because this isn't a major character and the panels could be better filled with other scenes.

Edo Tensei reanimated characters do in fact have blood. I believe there are a few examples, but the only one that comes to mind at the moment is Itachi's eyes bleeding after using Amaterasu.


What are Tsurime Eyes and Tareme Eyes? Why do the characters have them?

You can read about them in detail on TVTropes:
Tsurime Eyes:

A particular style of drawing eyes in manga and anime where the outer corners slant upwards, ending in a distinct sharp point, used in contrast to the traditional Moe soft drooping style, Tareme. Tsurime symbolizes strong will, arrogance, or pride in a character. Most noticeable in female designs (since it plays against the stereotype) and is commonly an attribute of Tsunderes, Kuuderes and particularly Badass Action Girls.

Tareme Eyes:

A style in anime and manga of drawing eyes where they droop or sag at the corners. Typically, a Moe character will have those definitive, sympathy-magnet Puppy-Dog Eyes. It generally represents a kind, quiet, sad, fragile or otherwise soft person. Only really notable if there are more than a handful of characters that are drawn without them.

As you can make out, Tsurime eyes are the opposite of Tareme eyes. As for "why" the characters have it, it's a symbolization used to depict their characteristics which is easily understood by a regular anime watcher.


What is the source of this animated GIF of a couple slapping each other in play?

Note: This is a bit too long for a comment, but I'm not really sure about my answer. If something is egregiously wrong, I'll delete this.

I ran some reverse image searches and noticed that the GIF appeared to be created from this image set:

The Tumblr source links to a now-deleted Pixiv entry by the user ましき　＋　まこる. Given the lack of series-specific tags on both the first Tumblr source I found and this one -- they simply state "Pixiv" and some generic description tags -- I'm inclined to suspect that this might be original work (or at least some sort of doujinshi). However, I can't read the Japanese of the caption of the second source, and so I may be missing something from there. Moreover, since the original Pixiv image appears to have been removed, it's hard to say.