texts:
So when connecting い adjectives you go from い to くて Like:

  おもしろい 楽しい -> おもしろくて楽しいです。= interesting and fun

And with な adjectives you add で Like:

  きれいな やさしい -> きれいでやさしいです = pretty and kind

So what do you do with a の adjective? I want to say 'a sunny and warm place' using はれ and あたたかい but はれ is a の adjective so I don't know how to connect it so I was wondering what to do in this case.

(I know I can just say 'あたたかくてはれの所' but I was just wondering how you would say it the other way round.)


texts:
I got this sentence from hinative.com to mean "I live three blocks away from here."

  ここから3ブロック離れたところに住んでいます。

Now I'm wondering about other ways to use the word 離れる／離れた and whether 所 is always necessary. Are the following sentences correct? What is the most natural way to say this?

  映画館はここから二百メートル離れた所にあります。
  映画館はここから二百メートル離れた所です。
  映画館はここから二百メートル離れました。


texts:
Said before looking at a box of animals to see if they are still alive:

  「今ならまだ一匹しか死んでいないものが、次の日にはまた一匹死んでしまうかもよ」
  If I (look) now there will still be only one dead, but the next day another might end up dead.

I don't understand what もの does here.

Actually I think I must have messed up the first clause altogether, since we don't yet know if any of them are dead. Literally I translate this as "As yet, with the exception of one, they are not dead".


texts: Meaning of もったいぶらず in the following sentence

texts:
Context: while talking about himself, a boxer says:

  今持ってるモノはもったいぶらず全て出す。それが俺の武器に繋がるんでねェ。拳に表れるんだよォ　――――[生き方]【スタイル】ってヤツは。

According to dictionaries, the meaning of もったいぶらない is unpretentious, modest. But since this boxer is a flamboyant and ostentatious man, I thought that maybe it could have a slightly different nuance here. Could you help me understand its exact meaning in the sentence above?

Here you can see the whole page. Thank you for your help!


texts: Use of です after informal verb conjugation

texts:
The following sentence I saw confuses me:

  わたしは　すしが　たべられないです。

So it takes the verb たべる (to eat), turns it into the potential form たべられる(to be able to eat) and then conjugates it in to the informal negative たべられない (cannot eat). Happy with all of that. But then it adds です onto then end, which I'm guessing is supposed to make it formal.
 My question is, why does it not just say:

  わたしは　すしが　たべられません。

Are both forms correct? Can you always make a formal sentence by adding です to an informal conjugation and why would you choose one way over the other? Thanks.


texts:
I recently stumbled accross the japanese tv show 嵐にしやがれ and have been wondering what its title means. 「しやがれ」doesn't appear in any dictionary I use, but I found some rather unreliable online sources saying it translates to something along the lines of 「～しなさい」or 「～しろ」. However, even with that in mind, the title 「嵐にしやがれ」does not make a whole lot of sense to me.

Is there any story behind it? Is it maybe some word-play with the group 「嵐」's name. Something like 'let's make a storm'/'let's go wild'?


texts: The expression お客様各位 means dear customer. The first part, お客様, means customer, or guest. That is easy to understand for me. But the meaning and usage of second part, ～各位 is not very clear to me.


texts: Did the Japanese have a word for surrender before WWII?

texts: I had always thought that the Japanese didn't have a word for surrender before WWII. It seemed to be plausible given their culture. However, I can't seem to find any solid evidence of this. Is it just a myth?


texts: How are things like ている/でいる split in terms of pronunciation? Do people internalize/think of it as te-iru or tei-ru when speaking? (there is a small difference in what it would sound like between those two) Or would it depend on the meaning? (Like 食べている vs 帰っている?)


texts: How to say "It is unfortunate that the class can't meet"?

texts:
The coronavirus brought an abrupt end to my Intro Japanese course, and as my Professor isn't comfortable using technology, I would like to write her a closing letter.
I'm still very new to Japanese, so I am keeping it short.  I've found other answers such that I'm fairly confident about the accuracy of the rest, but this sentence, the third in the picture, still worries me as I've never used ざんねん before, nor applied any descriptor to a verb (I've never seen のは before).

Here is a picture of the whole letter draft in case context helps:


texts:
Upon seeing a particular enterprise software solution XYZ being mentioned, a passing-by IT engineer wrote this:

  XYZなかなか香ばしい

My dictionary only have food-related definitions for this word.

What could have he meant?


texts:
Context:http://mangalifewin.takeshobo.co.jp/rensai/yo-jolife/yo-jo-009/21349/
I try search "どゃでぇ" in Google just get almost nothing.


texts:
What is the difference between Aが見える and Bを見る?

Is there anything tricky about this?

Can you illustrate with examples?


texts: I can't find much information on this word. I know that it means "backstabbing" or "betrayal", but there are little to no example sentences which use it. For example, would I use it in a sentence like "a backstabbing person", and if so, would this be along the lines of 裏切りな人 or something completely different?


texts:
My book has one example of the use of the second one;
こうこうのとき, いいがくせいでしたか which essentially is asking when you were in high school were you a good student though i am confused why こうこう instead of こうこうせい　but that is a whole nother problem.

I doubt its as simple as one is a current tense and one is a past tense when. perhaps one is the question when and the other is a time when?

I have no idea what to tag this please fix for me.


texts: So in a negative construction, うちに means "before". 前に is also used to mean "before", but in verb-dict. form of course. How are they different? Also, while we're on this topic, with positive verbs うちに means "while" or "during". How is this different from saying ながら or 間? Are all 3 interchangeable?


texts: What are ある and わけ in 「どこにでもあるわけではありません」?

texts:
Here is the sentence for context.

  独立系の映画館はシネコンと違っていて、チケットが安いのですが、どこにでもあるわけではありません。

My translation - Independent cinemas are different from multiplex ones as they have cheaper tickets but not everywhere has one.

Its the last bit of my translation that I'm not sure about, I can't seem to figure out what this あるわけ is. I know ある is 'to have' whilst ではありません is a negative state but what is this わけ?


texts: interpretation of particle と followed by の

texts:
早｛はや｝くしないと、ヤツらとの最終｛さいしゅう｝聖戦｛せいせん｝の幕｛まく｝が切｛き｝って落｛お｝とされてしまうのだから……！

My doubt is specifically about the part ヤツらとの.

Several times I've come across the particle の being used right after another particle, but I haven't had any luck finding material covering this case.

The most likely to be accurate answers I've been given is that the の particle turns into a noun whatever comes before it - I'm familiar with that usage of の -  but with other particles just before の I have a hard time trying to make sense of everything.


texts:
I'm not sure how to translate this sentence:

いかがですかズブロッカ樣ルビーでは最高のピジョン・ブラックございますわ.

I think one character is asking another how they like this vodka called "Zebrowka" which the speaker thinks is the best brand. I think ルビーmight be a name but I'm not sure. The 樣 is really throwing me off. Could the author have used the vodka name for a character name? Or am I misunderstanding 樣?

Thanks in advance.


texts: What are the "slots" in the Japanese agglutinative verb system?

texts:
In another question we established that Japanese is an agglutinating language (more here), if only in its verb system.

Since it is not traditional in Japanese grammar or teaching to go into this aspect of the language most of the information must be in scholarly linguistics publications somewhere.

My question is what are the "slots" used in the Japanese verb? This means in which specific rigid order can the various types of suffixes be built up?

If the answer for Japanese is complex a pointer to a website or publication is also a good answer.

(This article on another language includes a small example comparing to Japanese for those who are not used to looking at Japanese this way. It analyses the Japanese word "tabesaserareta")


texts: "To the East/West/North/South are distinct [feature-rich] areas that fill the land"

texts:
Could I check my understanding of the last part of this sentence please? For those who don't play games, Hyrule is a fictional place in the Legend of Zelda videogames (this is from a guidebook I am translating).

I think I have the meaning, but the words look strange to me. "there are features area being spread out Hyrule".
I'd like some clarification as to whether some particles have been dropped here, or if I am misunderstanding this part of the sentence.

  森、平原、峡谷、湖・・・。ハイラル城と城下町を中心に、東西南北へ特徴あるエリアが広がるハイラル。
  Forests, plaines, canyons, lakes... Hyrule Castle and centrally the castle town, to the East/West/North/South are distinct [feature-rich] areas that fill Hyrule


texts:
I'm trying to figure out what こうなれば/こうなりゃ means in the sentence

  仲間を呼ばれた！こうなりゃ一匹ずつ潰していくまでだ。

なれば ＝ それだから。したがって。

The Google fish says こうなれば ＝ "in this way," but it seems like it should be translated as "thus," or more literally, "if it has become so".

  They've managed to call their friends! Thus, I will continue to smash them one by one (beginning now until some future point in time).

Is こうなれば interchangeable with こうなったら?


texts:
I found this YouTube comment:

きゃりーぱみゅぱみゅとっても可愛い〜(*ﾉ∀ﾉ)ダンスとか覚えてみたいと思いまーすww

I'm not sure how to parse 覚えてみたい. The context seems to make it have nothing to do with 覚る, and in any case the え 送り仮名 doesn't make a bit of sense with さとる.  Is this a typo or some word not in my dictionary?


texts:
I saw the following example sentence on WaniKani:

あそこに立っている外人の男の人のとなりにいる女の人があのゆう名なまつい一代さんです。

The lady next to the foreign guy standing over there is THE famous Kazuyo Matsui.

The part I'm confused about is the name at the end: まつい一代さんです。

From what I've learned I would pronounce 一代　as ichidai (lifetime). I've not ever seen either 一 or 代 pronounced in this way (kazuyo) before.

If there's not some other trick going on, how is かずよ divided among the two kanji?


texts: What do ギリギリすぎる and 設定 mean in this sentence?

texts:
Person A: くしゃみをしたら元の根暗に戻った
  Person B: ギリギリすぎる設定ですな
  Person C: あんただってギリギリじゃない

The context here is that someone has a split personality and when she sneezes her character changes, the first line is explaining this (くしゃみをしたら元の根暗に戻った), the second line is someone commenting on this (ギリギリすぎる設定ですな) and the third line is the person with the split personality (あんただってギリギリじゃない) but I can't understand what ぎりぎり and 設定 mean in the sentence.


texts: Span of time - Does the pronunciation stays the same as it rotates from 1-10?

texts:
There are some slight sound changes when referring to the dates - days, months, years, hours, and minutes. However it wasn't discussed for the former 4 if the slight sound changes will continue or revert back to normal as it goes on and rotates from 1-10 again. 31 days, 12 months, 12 hours.
With span of time, we can surpass this limit. (The usual table used)

  So for 34, 44, 54, 64, 74, etc...(ending in 4) Days, should the 4 be pronounced as よっか(かん) or よ(ん) にちかん?
  For 120, 220, 320, etc...(ending in 20) Days, should the 20 be pronounced as はつかかん or にじゅうにちかん?

  How about the 7 and 9 endings? Such as 27 months, 19 hours, and 39/37 days respectively? しち or なな? く or きゅう?

  4 endings in hours such as 14,24, etc : always よじかん? 4 endings in months such as 14 months : always し?

Or perhaps both can be used but may sound uncommon or unnatural.

I'm pretty sure that the only slight change for year is 四年 (よねん) and will always continue to be like that. 2004 is にせんよねん.


texts: What's the difference between「～と言いました」and「～と言っていました」?

texts:
「～と言{い}いました」and「～と言{い}っていました」

basically the difference between します and しています.


texts: How to represent prefixes and suffixes in a L2 context

texts:
An Anki deck I've downloaded is representing a word as "o-miyage" and "おーみやげ". The deck isn't using any kanji - it's based on JFBP book 1, which doesn't teach any kanji. I've hidden the romaji, so I'm only seeing "おーみやげ". I know the second character is intended to represent a hyphen, but it looks confusingly similar to the "ー" in "ラーメン".

Is there any notation used in the context of teaching of Japanese as a non-native language (or even outside that context!) to indicate prefixes such as bikago or suffixes such as "-や"?


texts: Which clause is the だけ in 身の危険が迫った時にだけ発現する能力だから attached to?

texts:
身の危険が迫った時にだけ発現する能力だから

I know there are two relative clauses in the above sentence, as shown below.
Example structure is [verb/sentence]noun/main clause]

  Relative clause 1: [身の危険が迫った]時]

  Relative clause 2: [発現する]能力]

I know that clauses are made with the "sentence/verb + noun" construct, and the main clause extends to the end of the sentence unless in the case a second/third/etc relative clause exists, at which point the main clause will end where the next relative clause begins.

In the above case however, the particle に already exists in the first main clause, which makes me highly doubt the だけ particle is being used with the first clause (despite me knowing that particles can be combined in different ways; and this might be a case of seeing a combination I've not encountered before). This dictionary has a example of にだけ, and this answer gives a possible meaning which failed to answer my question.

Which clause is the だけ particle attached to, the first one (thereby making the first main clause 時にだけ), or the second one (thereby making the second relative clause だけ発現する)?

My best guess for the entire sentence would be that the だけ is attached to the
身の危険が迫った時に(だけ) clause, but I would still like to have a secondary opinion.


texts:
I'm not really sure when I should use 本当　as a な adjetive or a noun. For example let's see these examples.

この人は本物の男だよ
この人は本当な男だ
この人は本当の男だ

What's the difference between these 3 sentences? (if there is any kind of mistake, please correct it)
I think that 本物 it's used with objects (as in the word uses the 物 kanji) but the other two I have no clue. Thanks!


texts: Is there a difference between からすると and からして？

texts:
These two phrases seem to have very similar usage and I'm unable to determine the difference between them.
The examples I have are:

彼は服装からしてだらしない。きっと他の面も同じだろう。
kare ha fukusou karashite darashinai. kitto hoka no men mo onaji darou.
症状からすると、心臓の病気かもしれません。
shoujyou kara suru to, shinzou no byouki kamo shiremasen.

However, both of these phrases seem to translate to the English word "from" or "based on". I've asked a few Japanese friends about the difference, but they were unable to explain it eloquently.
Is it possible to switch からすると and からして in the preceding examples? Will it still be grammatically correct.
(Additionally, からして seems to have the meaning of "for a start" as in ひらがなからして読めない or "For a start, I can't even read hiragana." But this usage seems to be completely separate to the "from" or "based on" usage.)


texts: What's the difference between てform+行くand てform+いる?

texts: I know what both mean and are used for, but when I look at my reference materials, the former is often used to express the same thing as the latter. Are details to this that I'm not getting?


texts: The correct reading for 血啜の獣斧 and 約束されざる守護の車輪チ

texts:
What is the correct reading for these two lines:

血啜の獣斧 - Chisusu no Shishi Ono or Chisusu no Kemono Ono?
約束されざる守護の車輪チ - Yakusokusarezaru Shugo no Sharin or Yakusoku Sarezaru Shugo no Sharin?

I know that 獣(しし) is no longer used for beast, and it's more used for dogs/lions and even for the left-hand guardian dog at a Shinto shrine.


texts:
I cannot understand what is the subject in the following sentences, mainly in the second one 「迂闊に手が出せなくなった・・・・・・」. Is it 「強力な力を持った天魔には」 ? Something like 強力な力を持った天魔には迂闊に手が出せなくなったのも、当然というものだろう。 ?

  強力な力を持った天魔には、必然的に他の天魔を統率するという義務が加わる。迂闊に手が出せなくなったのも、当然というものだろう。

Thank you very much for help!


texts:
I've always heard こいつ refer to a person. (That guy!) However, in my JLPT Reading workbook there is a line where it refers to a situation. The explanation says:

「こいつ」が状況を表し．．．．ことに気づくこと。

It goes on to say two of the answers were wrong because they referred to people.
I got the answer correct because it "felt right", but I really don't understand the explanation. Is this a different こいつ? Is this a common usage of it?
The passage is about a group that got lost in the woods picking mushrooms. The narrator climbs a tree to find the way back.

こいつはまずいと思って、俺はナラの大木に登って．．．．

The question and answer are:

「こいつ」とは何を指すか。
〇　変な場所にいるわたしたち


texts: What is the relationship between 友だち, 恋人, and 仲良し in this dialog?

texts:
I can't seem to figure out how this is supposed to be parsed. For context, two characters broke up and went back to being friends, and when they get back together again, one of them says this. (This is from a manga, so I put spaces where there were column breaks and new lines in between the bubbles.)

  なんかさ…　別れてから　友だちに戻って
  実はちょっと　嬉しいとき　あったんだ
  …なんか　そーゆーの
  友だちとか　恋人より
  もっとずっと　仲良しって　感じしない？

My first interpretation was that it was something like 友だちの方が恋人より仲良し, but I'm not sure that that makes any sense. It seems like the opposite that 友だち would be more 仲良し than 恋人.

Another interpretation was that it's そのときの方が友だちとか恋人とかより仲良し, but again I don't think this makes much sense.


texts:
I am trying to understand the title of an anime series called: Naruto Shippuden. Searching google, I found that shippuden can be translated as hurricane chronicles or legend. I looked for hurricane in the English wikipedia, and afterwards went to the Japanese version.

  熱帯低気圧（ねったいていきあつ、英: Tropical Cyclone）

Can someone explain why 疾風伝 whould be translated as hurricane chronicles?


texts:
I would like to know the difference between します/しました and できます/できました.

Is the difference between the two that the first one indicates action whereas the second one indicates ability (or perhaps possibility) of action?

Thanks.


texts: すまなく is 'sorry' but how does 思うが change this meaning? 'I feel sorry?'


texts:
Context:

  彼女を、守ってあげてね？ 昔のわたし、救ってあげてね？
  あなたは、治せる人を治してあげてね。わたしの傷はもう…あなたには専門外だから

Problem sentence:

  そう…あなただけには、もう癒すことができないんだから

Who can't be healed anymore, the person talking or the person it is being said to?


texts: The reason for using 何も+negative, but 何でも+positive

texts:
In one of the Japanese classes I attended, I've been taught that while we use 「何も出来ない」to say "He cannot do anything", to say "He can do anything" we use 「何でも出来る」 instead of 「何も出来る」.

Why is there a grammar rule that says 「何も」 is used before negative predicate while 「何でも」 is used before positive predicate? Why do we need additional で particle for the positive predicate?

Is the rule still being followed, and are there any exceptions (something like exceptions to the 全然+negative rule)?


texts: からなら vs からでないと JLPT N2

texts:
I've been doing practice grammar questions and checking my answers from a JLPT practice book, but I just can't figure this one out.

  部長のチェックを（　）積極的に話をすすめてもいいよ。

  １　受けてからだと

  ２　受けてからなら

  ３　受けてからでないと

  ４　受けてからでないなら

Here, I would think the answer is 3 ("We can't assertively continue this conversation without checking with the head of the department", or something along those lines) for that's what I thought would be a correct use of からでないと, but the answer is apparently 2. I just don't understand at all. How do all these forms differentiate?


texts:
Earlier on, dad said that he might run away rather than protect his daughter. Circumstances have forced him to claim that he has changed his mind;

  「えっ？　オレだってちゃんとしてやるさ」
  Eh? Even I would do the right thing.

  「じゃあ、このまえ言ったことは取り消しだね？」
  So, it's a retraction of what you said earlier?

  「おう。取り消してくれ。オレは家族を守るぞ」
  ??? I will protect the family.

I don't understand the part in bold. Why is it imperative? It sounds to me like he is instructing his daughter to retract what she just said. But I was expecting him just to admit that he had retracted his earlier statement.


texts: What is the difference between a verb's 名詞修飾型 and 辞書形

texts:
One of my textbooks, for grammar pattern construction, sometimes indicates "[動-辞書形] +", and I also sometime "[動・い形・な形・名] の名詞修飾型 +".

For verbs I thought that both of these are the same. Is that correct?

If not what is the difference? Also in English is the second form what is called the nominal form?


texts:
In「命火眩暈」by 杏ノ助, there are the following lines.

  頽るる松、 甲羅なき亀 御簾を上げれど けふも宵

The other text is perfectly imitating a Sengoku-period Late Middle Japanese with occasional classical. However, this particular form is unexplicable to me. It look like a modern-language use. I can only understand it as if there was a 四段 verb あげる, which, according to the dictionary, never was; for an actual あぐ, which is 下二, the correct form would be あぐれど. What is happening, a carelessness of author or some unclear intent?


texts:
６月には日本でのデビュー３０周年を記念したコンサートを開き「再々起」を目指す

Source: https://www.sankei.com/premium/news/190429/prm1904290009-n1.html (last line of first paragraph)

I think it means most frequently sung songs but I am not sure. I understand 再々 as 'often' and 起 as 'occur/beginning' but I am confused about what the combination means.


texts:
Text books normally teach that the negative of です is じゃありません.
However it seems very common to hear native Japanese use じゃないです.

Is this slang or somehow less correct than じゃありません?
Would it be marked as incorrect in a JLPT exam?

If they are both equally correct why is じゃありません taught to beginners?
(To me じゃないです seems simpler for a beginner to remember.)


texts:
This is based on a listening exercise I'm trying to understand.
In this exercise, we don't know what day it currently is, but an event is planned for Saturday.
One speaker says:

あと[3日]{みっか}だな…

My assumption is this this means:

今日あと、3日である

So, from this, can I assume today (in the exercise) is Tuesday? Or Wednesday? Or something else?


texts:
たくさん食べるぞって日はお休みの前日とかにしてます

I saw it in a YouTube video. I tried looking it up in the dictionary but I found こぞって only. I'm not sure if this is it or is that a different grammar rule?


texts:
「……さすがにそれはちょっと、あまりオススメできないっていうか……」

優には悪いけど、恥ずかしい……。

俺があのベッドで寝るのも恥ずかしいし、自分の部屋にあるのも恥ずかしい……。

……というか根本的な問題として置けるのか、アレは。

「なんで？　私と寝るのイヤなの？」

「いや……そういうことは全くもってない**んだけど**……」

「じゃあ問題ない、いい生活にはいい睡眠が大事」

Can anyone help me understand what it means?

In dictionaries it says that the definition for this usage of けど is 言い切りを避け、婉曲に表現する気持ちを表す
but I don't understand what is being left unsaid.

Edit : Unfortunately the suggested duplicate question doesn't answer my question. The answer there literally says the same as the definition I provided. If that definition answered my question then I wouldn't have posted this question. My question is more about what is left unsaid and the function of けど in this case. Is what's left unsaid something like "けど　いやなのはそのベッドで寝ること” or is it him expressing his confusion as to why she would think that he wouldn't want to sleep together.


texts:
By now, it's pretty simple to find different ways of refusing invitations in Japanese. However, what I can't really seem to find is a reply to a refusal. Something like I'm sorry you can't make it, I hope you can join me next time or even a simple That sucks, man.

So, what would be an appropriate reply to somebody's ちょっと用事があるんですけど (or whatever)? The only thing I could come up with my limited Japanese skills is something like 残念ですね but that seems a bit bland.

I'd be interested in both a casual version and a more formal one.


texts: When stating a non-Japanese name, should the surname come first?

texts:
When stating a full non-Japanese name, should one use the "Surname Firstname" rule used for Japanese names (i.e. "Smith John / スミス ジョン") or the name's native rule (in the case of an English name, "Firstname Surname" (i.e. "John Smith / ジョン スミス")).

Which format would native Japanese speakers use, when stating an obviously non-Japanese full name?


texts: Difference between どうにかならない! and 仕方がない when used as an interjection

texts: From what I've been seeing, the two have somewhat similar meanings when used as interjections.


texts: https://i.imgur.com/eUuo9gS.jpg I came across this dialogue from a Korean drama where adari was quoted as from Japanese with a translator's note explaining the meaning as "it just happened this way coincidentally". However, I can't seem to look up anything about adari or the meaning of it from my searches online. Can someone help me out with this?


texts: what is the Japanese word for "Walk-in Appointment"?

texts: For example: "My doctor's bookings were full today, so I had to go early to try and catch a walk-in appointment."


texts: When looking for an apartment, I often see 契約期間:2年 written. What does it  mean? I have to make a contract for 2 years and then it can be renewed or extended with some extra renewal cost? Can I rent just for 1 year?


texts: Possible Nuances of 「まで」 in sentences like these

texts:
First of all, I want to apologize for my first attempt at this question (which you can still find down below); however, as others seem to be interested in it as well I will try to make myself clearer:
I first came across the construction of 「お気軽に」 in this sentence:

(1) 秋田の親戚から届いた本場仕込みの醤油お分けしますお気軽に園崎までどうぞ

(from: ひぐらしのなく頃に EP:8)
When I searched for the meaning of 「お気軽に」I came across this article: https://eigobu.jp/magazine/okigaru
Basically, this construction means something along the lines of “feel free to…” (at least here). However, what made me wonder was the following example, mentioned in the article:

(2) 何かご不明な点がございましたら、担当者まで お気軽にお問い合わせください。

As already implied in the comments, the 「まで」in these sentences may just have a spatial meaning (in the sense of going as far as a certain area). This meaning would fit for the first sentence as it is mentioned that the house of the 園崎 family is relatively far away from the rest of the village the story takes place in. Nevertheless, in the second sentence I did not get the impression of this spatial meaning. Here I got the impression that the 「まで」is used to add a nuance of extent independently from place and more in the sense of:
② 動作・作用の至り及ぶ程度を表す。ほど。
(from: https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A7)
Because of that I got the impression that the second sentence implies something like: “Feel free to contact even the manager” in the sense that it is not usual to call the manager in cases like that.
Therefore, I was wondering if that impression is correct and if not, why is 「まで」used here then? On top of that, would it be possible to use particles (if yes which) in (1)?
_________________________________________________________________________
I came across this site, explaining the use of 「ご気軽に/お気軽に」 https://eigobu.jp/magazine/okigaru (It is mentioned that they have the same meaning in the article)
One of the examples sentences additionally features 「まで」in it.

何かご不明な点がございましたら、担当者までお気軽にお問い合わせください。

Another example from 「ひぐらしのなく頃に」

秋田の親戚から届いた本場仕込みの醤油お分けしますお気軽に園崎までどうぞ

Does this 「まで」underline the general meaning of 「ご気軽に/お気軽に」? If not, what exactly does it mean? Does it simply refer to some sort of "spatial" range (in the sense of going as far as a certain place)?


texts: Why does the person who wants to cancel an appointment say キャンセルさせてください to his/her partner?

texts:
Assume A has a partner named B. Last week both made an appointment to have dinner (dating). For a certain reason, A cannot come for the appointment and calls B by phone saying

  ・・・キャンセルさせてください。　Please make me cancel ...

Question

A wants to cancel the appointment, but why does A ask B to make A cancel it as if the source of problem is on B's side? I think A should say

  ・・・キャンセルしてください。　Please cancel ...


texts: What is the difference between these four forms of "to do"?

texts: There are at least four verbs that mean "to do" in Japanese: する, なさる, いたす, and やる. What is the purpose of each, and when is it appropriate to use them?


texts: Is a sentence like 彼がやったんだ past or present tense?

texts:
For example, in an a situation like

誰がやった？
彼がやったんだ

Would the latter sentence be considered past or present tense? Is んだ a combination of の and だ with だ as a copula, or is it a different word altogether that functions more like other sentence ending particles like よ,ぞ,な, etc.


texts:
Does ガールフレンド have a meaning of a female friend (like girl friend), or a female romantic partner?

Someone told me it had the former meaning, and I should use "彼女" for a romantic partner. However, the Japanese edition of Wikipedia seems to imply that ガールフレンド means romantic partner, as does the Tanaka corpus. Neither the English nor Japanese edition of Wiktionary have an entry on ガールフレンド.


texts:
賃 has the 慣用音 reading ちん, as in 家賃{やちん}.
I understand that a lot of 慣用音 readings arise from interpreting the phonetic wrongly (for example 消耗{しょうこう} vs 消耗{しょうもう}), but in this case how did 賃 receive the reading ちん?
I'm having trouble seeing how it could be connected to ちん, when the 呉音 and 漢音 are にん and じん respectively.


texts: Is 会いたくなる　one way to say "I miss you?" [連絡とったら、会いたくなるやん] What is the nuanced meaning of 会いたくなる in this context?

texts: I know that there is no direct translation for "I miss you" in Japanese. I am wondering if the nuanced understanding of 連絡とったら、会いたくなる indicates that it is too painful to contact because it leads to missing one another. Am I understanding the nuance of 会いたい correctly in the context here?


texts: Why is the name Tokiya written in katakana?

texts: The name Tokiya is written トキヤ which would imply it's of foreign origin but I'm not having any luck uncovering the origin or meaning of the name. It seems to be somewhat traditional. Ideas?


texts: Sentence Structure JLPT question 「日本語がかんたんな本」

texts:
Please help.
I found this question on the N5 practice exam:

  ヤン 「私はこの本を買います。アンナさんはどんな本がいいですか。」
  アンナ 「 私はもうすこし ( _  _  ☆  _) がいいです。」

  A. 本
   B. かんたんな
   C. が
   D. 日本語

Please explain why 日本語がかんたんな本が is the structure... why not もう少しが日本語かんたんな本? What is the rule followed? Why is there two が?

Thank you.


texts: 幼稚園 coincidental similarity with english/german?

texts: Isn't it a bit strange that it has 園 at the end? Was this word actually made in Japan after they knew about kindergarten ?


texts:
I was reading this sentences, and I've come across a grammar structure I am not familiar with:

~そうとしない

Original sentence:

春江は泣いてばかりいて何も話そうとしない。
Harue is just crying and won't talk about anything.

I am assuming from the context it must mean something along the lines of "won't do ~" but I've never seen it before.

If someone could explain this to me and perhaps show me some example sentences showing its usage that would be great.

Specifically hoping for some examples using ない which don't appear in other previously answered questions.


texts: 「今日{きょう}の夕食{ゆうしょく}は私{わたし}がごちそうします。」 Will I make the 夕食{ゆうしょく} or am I inviting someone to eating somewhere?

texts:
Context:

  今日{きょう}の夕食{ゆうしょく}は私{わたし}がごちそうします。

I've research on ご馳走{ちそう}, from the etymology to popular usages, but I'm still unsure whether it would be used, in this phrase, to invite someone to dinner somewhere or to indicate that "I" would be the one doing the dinner tonight.

If it is a invite, is it an invitation to eat in a restaurant or somewhere outside, or is it that "I" am inviting (someone) to eating at my house?


texts:
What is the difference between '割り引き' and '割引'?
Both pronounced as 'waribiki',meaning 'discount'.
Can somebody kindly advise, thanks.


texts:
I'm trying to say I remember his ex-girlfriend's name.

私は彼の元彼女の名前を覚えます。
私は彼の元彼女の名前を覚えています。

As I understand, the last sentence is in present progressive tense, i.e. an action that is ongoing. But I don't think I'm remembering his ex-girlfriend's name makes sense.
So in this case, does the first sentence mean I will remember his ex-girlfriend's name? And does the last sentence mean I remember his ex-girlfriend's name?


texts: Is it always necessary to ask how someone's name is pronounced if you encounter it first in writing?

texts:
This question is similar to "how many kanji do Japanese natives know?" but a bit more specific, because I'm particularly interested in the jinmeiyō kanji.

My understanding is that they are the kanji commonly used for people's names. I am not clear whether the jōyō kanji are also used for names, or only the jinmeiyō kanji. That's part A of the question.

Part B is whether Japanese natives generally know the readings for all the jinmeiyō kanji, such that when they see someone's name in writing they automatically know how to pronounce it without furigana. Is it common practice to have to ask what the name's reading is? Do people ever use furigana for names, like in books where you obviously can't ask the characters how to pronounce their names?


texts: How would one write a range of dates in vertical format? For instance, 2017-18 or 2017-2018.


texts: What is the difference between んじゃない and んだ?

texts:
I came across the following sentence:

「…あの犯行予告、俺がやったんじゃないんだけどな。」

I also have English subtitles which translate this phrase as:
"I wasn't the one who issued that threat, but no matter."

What's the difference between んじゃない and んだ as they're used here?

One would ordinarily expect んじゃない to be the negative of んだ. If that were true, then the above sentence would be invoking the explanation modality* twice. But it seems that instead んじゃない has an entirely unrelated meaning.

I've found comparison questions to be among the most helpful in stack exchange(e.g. What is the difference between SOAP and RESTful? ). So what I'm looking for is their definitions in relation to each other(to the extent that they can be related). And how does this difference enable them to be used together as in the above sentence?

*(I think that's what it's called...)

Edit:Changed title from What does ～んじゃないんだ mean?"


texts: Is it acceptable to learn just one pronunciation for each kanji?

texts: I just want to learn one pronunciation for each kanji, because I want to write them with a keyboard. Or do I have to learn all the pronunciations for each kanji?


texts: What Unicode code points are needed to write Japanese Jōyō-Kanji?

texts:
Sorry if this isn't exactly the most 'language' related question, but what ranges of Unicode code points are needed to write Japanese?

I've got the Hiragana, Katakana, punctuation, etc; but the jōyō-Kanji are mixed in with the other Chinese characters.

I'm not asking for each code point, just the ranges, the pairings of starting and ending code points needed to define blocks of kanji.


texts: Why do Japanese speakers have difficulty pronouncing "L"?

texts: Why is it that native speakers of Japanese have a hard time pronouncing "l"?  Whenever a western word contains "L" I see that they pronounce it "ru", "ra", "ro", "ri", or "re".


texts: What’s the difference between “書けるか” and “書けますか“?

texts: What’s the difference between “書けるか“ and “書けますか” (Can you write?). I read the rule for the potential form, but then in an example it said ます on the end instead of る. So do both work and what’s the difference?


texts: Translation attempt ; didn't quite understand the writer's コーヒーを一杯飲んだつもりで

texts:
私が毎日使っている◯◯線の特急電車に乗るには、五百円の特別料金を払わなければならない。ちょっと高いけれど、蒸し暑くて我慢できない日や残業でとても疲れた日など、「コーヒーを一杯飲んだつもりで」と考えて、つい乗ってしまう。

Here's my attempt at translating it:

  In riding the limited Express train that passes through the line I've been using, you need to pay an extra charge of 500 yen. It's a bit expensive but, on days when it's too hot for me or when I'm too tired from overworking, I would just ride it thinking that I had drunk a cup of coffee instead.

What is the correlation of 'drank a cup of coffee' and 'riding the train during hot days or exhaustion from work'? Is it because rather than a regular train, this particular one can help him arrive home faster?

Did the writer imply that riding the train re energizes his body and it's like paying for a coffee? This usage of つもり seemed a bit different than

死んだつもりで、１週間働いている。
あの女の子と友達になったつもりで、一緒に歩いて行った。
歌手のつもりで、大声で歌っていた。

These sound more like "doing ... With the belief of ...."
While the above has a nuance of replacement "doing .... As if you are doing ... Instead"


texts: Understanding a broken sentence with stuttering

texts:
「おまえクラスメイトがノラ犬にやられたんだぞ。学級委員として退治してくれよ」
  Your classmate's just been hurt by a wild dog. As class representative, get rid of it.
  「えっ、そ、そんな、ワ私がそんな、ズバリおそろしいでしょう」
  Eh! W-what a.. ,I, I such a ... ????

I'm not familiar with the word おそろしい and I can't work out whether it's used to mean 'terrible' or 'frightened'.

Does 私が go with おそろしい here? Or is 私が just part of the stuttering? i.e.
 is it 私がおそろしい = "I'm frightened"? I don't know why, but I feel it would be 私はおそろしい if this were the case.

Or, is 私が just part of an unfinished sentence, and the main sentence is simply おそろしい = "This (situation/request) is terrible.


texts: is "kanji" an uncountable noun in English?

texts:
When people who know Japanese talk about "kanji" in English, is there a consensus with regard to whether you would say:

"I know about 10 kanji." // uncountable
"I know about 10 kanjis." // countable

This is more an English grammar question, but few native English speakers know what a "kanji" is.

My opinion is that "kanji" is uncountable since all Japanese nouns are uncountable and "kanji" is a Japanese word.


texts:
硝煙で、鏑木肆星氏の姿は完全に覆い尽くされてしまう。その機を逃さじと、二匹のバケネズミが突進した。

I think その機を逃さじと means "not letting their chance slip away". But why isn't it just その機を逃さず?


texts:
It seems の doesn't always express possession as in 私の本.

What does it mean in such phrases as この役立たず and お兄ちゃんのばか?

And, what does の do in "埃だらけのテレビをちゃんと拭いてくれない？"?


texts: The full sentence was 人気のある情報を見る, found on a button. Why would のある instead of for instance な


texts: Who is it referring to in 舌先が動き、吸い上げられる度に呼吸が荒くなる

texts:
I'm a bit confused in the below. The scene is describing two people kissing but I'm a bit confused on the last sentence, grammatically how does one understand 舌先が動き、吸い上げられる? From what I understand this is describing her doing these things, (her tongue is the one moving and she is doing the 'sucking'), but why is it not written with 吸い上げる like in the sentence before it?

彼女は何度も絡めた舌を動かし吸い上げ、唇を押し付けてディープキスを繰り返す。ねっとりした感触が口内いっぱいに広がって**、舌先が動き、吸い上げられる度に呼吸が荒くなる**。


texts: Saying “and” with two different clauses?

texts:
I’ve seen a few threads about saying “and” but I’m not sure what to do if there’s a time element in the second clause.

For example, I want to say “I just woke up and I work later.”

Would that be 「今起きたし後で働く。」？
Or 「今起きたそして働く。」？

(I’m wondering if 仕事がある would be more fitting)


texts: Strictly speaking, are 重箱読み and 湯桶読み mostly 漢語 or 和語, or 50-50?

texts:
Today in a comment on a Japanese forum I said:

日本語には主に「漢語」、「和語」、「外来語」三つの語彙体系があります。漢語というのは中国語から借用された語彙体系です。例：漢語、高校、勉強。 二文字の言葉はほとんど漢語です、カタカナ語がほとんど外来語のように。ファン：外来語。質問：漢語。分かる：和語。

Then someone said I was wrong (yeah literally said 「違います」):

音読みの熟語の多くが漢語ですよ。湯桶読みや重箱読みの熟語は和語です。

They are a native speaker, but I thought I'd read quite a bit on this and I was confident enough to write a retort. But on second thought I am not that certain. I am not sure if my statement「二文字の言葉はほとんど漢語」was accurate. I have read relevant wiki pages in both languages and some Japanese sites, but still haven't found a definitive answer to this.
My understanding is there are a lot of two-character words coined in Japan that later found their way to China and became part of the modern Chinese language. So does it mean most 訓読み, 湯桶読み, 重箱読み words are 和語? If possible, please include authoritative sources.


texts: Does the addition of ということです in this sentence simply add formality?

texts:
This is an excerpt from the NHK article:
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20210406/k10012958101000.html

研究班は、国内でワクチンの接種を受けた医療従事者のうち、およそ1万9000人について健康状態などを調べていますが、接種後に感染が確認されたのは初めてだということです。

As far as I can tell, removing ということです to yield:

研究班は、国内でワクチンの接種を受けた医療従事者のうち、およそ1万9000人について健康状態などを調べていますが、接種後に感染が確認されたのは初めてです。

Gives the same meaning. So is ということです kind of just like news/article speech?


texts: Can someone explain how ような is used in this sentence?

texts:
Consider this sentence:

  でもだからこそ強くなれたし、短期留学じゃ経験できなかったような多くのリアルな留学が経験できた。

Someone I asked translated this as:

"But that is why I was able to become strong and had a lot of experience through my realistic overseas study that would not be possible in a short-term study program."

I don't understand how ような is translated as "that would not be possible"

I've learnt that ような is used to express likeness or similarity.
For example:

  彼は私が想像していたような人ではなかった。He is not the person "like" I imagined

It wouldn't make sense if I use ような as "like" in the first sentence:

I read

  短期留学じゃ経験できなかったような多くのリアルな留学が経験できた。

as:

"...and had a lot of realistic experiences studying abroad "like" I can't experience when studying short-term abroad."

I know this sentence also wouldn't make sense for the same reasons:

  実行できないような脅しはするな。Never make threats "that" you cannot carry out.

Is there another use for ような other than "like"? Can someone please explain this grammatical rule to me?


texts:
There is a popular quote from the famous novel The Little Prince:

  What is essential is invisible to the eye.

The Japanese translation goes something like this:

  大切な物は目に見えないんだ。

I have three questions:
First, invisible is "cannot be seen". Why is 見えない used instead of 見られない？

Second, what does it mean when you put: んだ in the end of the sentence? For me i wouldnt have thought about it and could have ended with みられない。

Third, 大切 is important. Since the word used in the text is essential, is it possible that there is a better word for that? Something that is one level higher than just being important? Perhaps a level like 欠かせない。


texts: I came across the following two examples, but I cannot understand their meaning and what that ものだ stands for. Does anybody knows it? The first one goes: "人間というのは、本来一人では生きられないものだ。"While the other one is:" 彼は大会社の社長なのだ。そうは見えなかった。人は外見だけでは分からないものだ。"


texts: Ｂさんといるところを評価されれば meaning

texts:
Confused of the meaning of Ｂさんといるところを評価されれば as it just doesn't seem to make sense translating it. For context the whole sentence is:

  君と話しているときには、コミュニケーション能力が高いように見えても、Ｂさんといるところを評価されれば、コミュニケーション能力が低く見えるだろう。

I know the text is discussing communication skills and I'm guessing it is trying to say even if the communication seems high..... the communication seems low?


texts: What does the pattern "Past Verb + まま + N" mean?

texts:
The following sentence was in an N4 review test:

  私の本棚には　買ったまま　読んでいない　まんが　が　たくさん　あります。

The meaning, as I grasp it, is "There are a lot of books that I bought in my bookshelf that are left unread."

But this is confusing because the grammar pattern, Past (た) + まま　essentially means "(while, left, stay) + verb" as in:

  妹は制服を着たままで寝てしまいました。

My younger sister fell asleep while wearing her school uniform.

How does 買ったまま make sense in this context?


texts: どこからか、バイオリンの(a.音色　b.コーラス)が聞こえてきた。

texts:
I am learning Japanese N1 and found this question

どこからか、バイオリンの(a.音色　b.コーラス)が聞こえてきた。

Which one do you think is correct ? a or b ?


texts:
Is the sentence '意思にしか動くな' a correct sentence? I mean to say someting in the lines of 'Act on (move by) will alone'.
is it's meaning clear and are there more elaborate ways of conveing that meaning in japanese?


texts: What is the *proper* differentiation between 来る and 行く?

texts:
In many beginning Japanese classes, 来る【くる】 and 行く【いく】 are presented as "to come" and "to go," respectively. Dictionaries generally also define them this way. However, every once in a while in more advanced classes, teachers will mention that this is not actually the case; these words are used differently in Japanese than their English (pseudo-)counterparts.

I cannot for the life of me remember the proper way to understand the differentiation between these verbs, past "come" and "go," a fact which is most embarassing.

Can someone please explain how these words are different than the English "come" and "go" in their usage?

Related question: Difference between -ていく and -てくる


texts:
Both translate to classmate. However I can't see in which context one is used. I asked to my teacher and he said that he never heard about 級友 and it might be an old word not used anymore.
What is the truth ?


texts: Let say some thing have fall from the someone who walk in front of you in street ! Can I call him/her anata or sumimasen to notice ? In my country we usually say brother to boy and sister to girl .


texts: Can volitional form mean 'you should ...'

texts:
As a guest is leaving a man's house the guest is told:

  おみやげをお持ちいたしましょう。

Edit:
After this the guest is offered a choice of present to take.

I am not familiar with this use of the volitional form, when the speaker is not involved in the action. If the sentence ended in か then I'd be happy to translate it as "Will you take a present". Note that this is printed text so I guess I shouldn't assume a question with raised intonation in place ofか, besides which the man doesn't provide an answer.

So how should I interpret this use of the volitional form? The best I can come up with is "You should take a present" (meant as a polite suggestion) but I can't find this usage documented anywhere (note, I am not yet able to read Japanese dictionaries).
I have read this link and this link on this site, but they both seem to require that the speaker should have some involvement in the action. Is the fact that the speaker will be 'giving' the present sufficient involvement to allow this use?

In summary, please clarify the grammar of this use of the volitional form and when it can be applied. Many thanks.


texts: Meaning of 寒くなる vs. 寒くなっています

texts:
Today it crossed my mind how could I translate this, and some confusion arose with the verbal forms to use.
If I wanted to say "I got cold", I would say

寒くなった

However, for "I'm getting cold", I would use

寒くなっています

That left me wondering what would 寒くなる mean, as I would also translate this has "I'm getting cold".
Is there no difference between these in English? If not, what would be the difference in their meaning?
Side note: I omitted the わたし bit in the sentences before since I'm only interested in the conjugations.


texts: のか - Particle "lamenting reflections on the preceding statement". What?

texts:
I've come across this sentence in my manga.

  そ　そうか　そういう疑いを持っているのか

It's actually fairly easy, but the particle at the end has confused me. I thought it was the two particles の and か, but then I saw this in a dictionary:

  のか - Particle - endorsing and questioning the preceding statement (sentence ending particle); lamenting reflections on the preceding statement (sentence ending particle)

That seems to fit, because it's at the end of the sentence, and he's commenting on what another character said to themselves. But beyond that, I have little idea of what this means. Is it actually a question particle similar to か? When would you use this instead?


texts: Verb (とどめる) and its meaning in these sentences

texts:
I was looking for the meaning of the verb (とどめる) and how it differs from (とめる). I understood that (とどめる) means (to stop "potentially" from moving). But how does that meaning relate to the following sentences?

１．家族を郷里にとどめたまま、兵役に出る。

２．事件の一部始終を記録にとどめる。

３．被害を最小限にとどめる。


texts: AはBにしてもらう＝BはAにしてくれる？

texts:
There is an exercise problem in my workbook:

  木村さん：明日は奈良を案内しますよ。
  張さん：ありがとうございます。

Four options are provided (I only list the two that I find confusing):

  1.張さんは木村さんに奈良を案内してもらいます。
  4.木村さんは張さんに奈良を案内してくれます。

and one is asked to choose the one that has the same meaning as the dialogue.
The answer given is the 1st one, but I chose the 4th one and still don't know why it's wrong.


texts:
This is an excerpt from パン屋再襲撃 by 村上春樹. The main character and his wife are robbing a McDonald's. A girl who works there asks them a question.

  「どうしてこんなことをしなくちゃいけないんですか？」と女の子が僕に向かって言った。「お金を持って逃げて、それで好きなものを買って食べればいいのに。だいいちビッグマックを三十個食べたって、それがいったい何の役に立つっていうの？」
  僕は何も答えずにただ首を横に振った。
  「悪いとは思うけれど、パン屋が開いてなかったのよ」と妻がその女の子に説明した。「パン屋が開いていれば、ちゃんとパン屋を襲ったんだけれど」

My question is what does 悪いとは思うけれど mean? Who's thinking, and what do they think is bad?


texts: What do ジャンルくじイラスト and デリケートなジャンル mean?

texts:
My circle (student club) at a Japanese university is preparing for the school festival. One option for participating is to draw and submit a 「ジャンルくじイラスト」. Does this translate to "genre lottery illustration"?
What does that mean?  Does it mean that each submitted illustration is not guaranteed to be featured in the festival booth, but that the illustrations used in the festival will be selected out of all of the submitted illustrations by random?  Or does it mean that the genres to choose from for drawing the illustration were determined by lottery?  Or...?

Here is the full paragraph:
「ジャンルくじイラスト募集要項
　　ジャンルが書かれたくじを引いてそれに書かれたジャンルのイラストを書く、ジャンルくじイラスト企画を今年も行います。くじを引く人は例会、その他の場所で学祭担当が対応します。参加は各自の自由。」

The rules also state,「デリケートなジャンルに関しては各自自重する（ディズニーとか）」.
What is デリケートなジャンル, and what is 各自自重する?
I Googled デリケートなジャンル but could not determine a basic definition that seemed to apply to the various webpages that came up.  What constitutes a genre as "delicate"?  I tried looking up 各自自重する in online dictionaries but I could not find an English translation.  Is this saying that if you want to draw Disney characters you need to make them original in some way?  Is it possibly saying that fanart is not allowed?

Thank you very much!


texts:
In English, when building a shelf, for example, the instruction booklet will go along the lines of "Step 1. ~~~~. Step 2. ~~~~ etc."

In Japanese, I know that you can explain methods by going まずは、それで and ついに but is there a Japanese equivalent to "steps"? What if I wanted to say "There are 3 steps you have to follow"?


texts:
For example, Lesson 19. Would it be:

  1) 授業19
  2) 十九番目の授業

Would I use 学課, instead of 授業?

I'm a complete beginner, as well, I am literally starting from scratch, on my own.

Regards.


texts: Usage of すら in この中ではそれすら異常なスピードで進むというのか

texts:
Just want to confirm my understanding. From what I can tell, すら means 'even'.
So in a sentence like:
"この中ではそれすら異常なスピードで進むというのか" is my understanding correct that それすら is referring to the 異常なスピード?
Roughly translated my understanding is something like: "So this means its progressing at even that abnormal speed in here?"


texts:
I'm writing a program which replaces kana characters with romaji, so that りょかん becomes ryokan etc. I thus need to handle cases where ゃゅょ (or ャュョ) combine with the preceding character.

My understanding is that they can combine with any -i kana character except い or イ. On this basis, ゐゃ/ゐゅ/ゐょ (or ヰャ/ヰュ/ヰョ) are valid combinations, being transliterated as wya, wyu, and wyo respectively.

I didn't find anything useful on jisho.org, but Wiktionary has a few examples:

en.wiktionary.org has 永: よう (ゐゃう)
ja.wiktionary.org has 洫: キョク (クヰョク)
Various other pages mention ヰャゥ, クヰャウ, クヰャゥ, and クヰャク

However, I'm not sure if these would be applicable to modern Japanese - I get the impression that they may simply be historic spellings, and thus no longer relevant.

tl;dr: Would wya/wyu/wyo be considered be valid combinations (even if they're never actually used) in modern Japanese?


texts: Transitive English words becoming intransitive 外来語

texts:
While reading naruto's answer to Difference in sentences (と and に）, I realized that although キス is an intransitive verb in Japanese, the English kiss is almost always used as a transitive verb. Some other examples of this are アクセス and リベンジ. My question is thus is there a reason why primarily transitive English words when converted to Japanese could become primarily intransitive words?

My expectation is that primarily transitive English words like to google or to master to become primarily transitive Japanese words and primarily intransitive English words like jump to become primarily intransitive Japanese, which is true for at least those three cases. Is the way words like キス became incorporated into Japanese different from words like マスター?


texts:
I was checking the definition of 堂 in my online dictionary (大辞林) when I came across the word 礼楽 in:
堂 → 客に接したり，礼楽を行なったりする所。==  Hall → a place where you can interact with customers and perform ritual music.
Other definitions of 礼楽 are "etiquette and music" (super vague imho), "religion" and "ceremony"
Of all these, ritual music makes the most sense to me me (judging by the kanji). Is that correct? Am I missing something? Can you provide some example sentences for clarification?


texts: How do you write cho, chu, che and cha in Japanese using hiragana?

texts:
I'm not completely sure on how to write cho, chu, che and cha in Japanese (using hiragana). I have a rough idea that includes having the ち (chi) character followed by any of the 'y' characters (yo, yu, ya).
For example:  ちゃ to make a cha sound.
Is this correct? and would you be able to do the same thing with one a, e, o, u and i? For  example: ちぉ to make a cho sound.


texts:
What is the Japanese for "Hoyaku matsuri", a festival in Kunisaki, Oita prefecture for Taishakuten? (According to the NHK documentary "Seasoning the Seasons", episode "The Kunisaki Peninsula: Mystical Festivals in a Spiritual Land", "Hoyaku" means "lewd and vulgar").

Googling in English for hoyaku matsuri only got one hit, and googling in Japanese using either "ほやく 祭り" or "ほうやく 祭り" (in case the long vowel got lost when translating into English) didn't seem to get any relevant results. Searching ほやく and ほうやく in jisho.org names dictionary didn't get anything either.

It's possible the festival isn't large-scale enough to have any hits on google, or that maybe "Hoyaku" is a nickname, rather than the formal name of the festival.


texts:
I wrote a fan letter to Japanese actors that I admire.

It was compulsory to write his name on the envelope,

so I just simply put Xさん

However, I later noticed that everyone seems to address him as X様

I was quite confused since I have never seen anyone address him this way on SNS

(i.e. usually it was his nickname or Xくん　or Xちゃん）

Is this a common practice in Japanese or something?

Original Photo

https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DNJfOB1UMAAoQa9.jpg
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DNOYXdrV4AAyoHY.jpg


texts: Why 早 in "good morning" is read as HA-YO but no such reading of that kanji is in a dictionary?

texts: I see お早うございます in a dictionary also being written as おはようございます but why is 早 even there if it's read as HA-YA, not HA-YO? How do they know how to morph readings of kanji in a phrase into something else if it's not in the dictionary?


texts:
What is the meaning of へ or への in this case:

中国では日本のアニメや漫画への人気が高いことに加え、「君の名は。」は、ネット上などで早くから話題を
集めていて、映画館によっては、予約販売ですでにほとんどの席が埋まるところも出ています。


texts:
く‥、邪悪な気が強くなっている‥

く‥‥好むと、好まざるとまわりをまきこみおし流してゆく‥

Are these く the same as くっ?

(1) SFX for "damn it" like a silent curse;

(2) Mumble under the breath when in a difficult situation;

(3) When one tries to hold in their voice or is trying to hold back pain or pleasure.


texts: Could someone please explain what this Japanese symbol means?

texts: Hopefully someone is able to let me know what this symbol means. I took a guess that it might be Japanese, but please direct me elsewhere if it is not! Thanks!


texts: Use of から in 家まで送るから

texts:
I read somewhere that if から follows a verb, the use will be because/reason  is it always like that?

I got confused in this sentence:

  あぶないだろ家まで送るから

家まで送る is clear to me but I was thrown off because of から. Is the translation: It is dangerous so (kara) I will take you (made) home or should it be: It is dangerous. I will take/see you until we reach your home


texts: How would you say "I like sth/sb because of [that reason]" in Japanese?

texts:
For example how would you say

  I like John, because I think he is charming and attentive.

Is there any other way to say "because" besides of kara (& node)? kara makes the sentence sound like "since John is charming and attentive, I like him". So, is there another way to say "because"?

Would nazenara work for this type of sentence?


texts:
What does ま mean in this sentence?

  いつのまに[降]{ふ}り[止]{や}んだ

Bonus question: What is the function of の in this sentence?


texts: What is being referred to by やり過ぎてる (also why てる instead of た)

texts:
I am a bit confused as to what is being referred to by やり過ぎてる, is the speaker referring to his actions as being やり過ぎ or to her actions? I am also a bit confused why the てる form is used instead of た.

天衣さんに言われた、というのもあったけれどあの後、夜になって鼎さんの仕事の様子を見に行った。そしてまあ、どうなったかというと攻められた。そうやって目を逸らすのはどうか、と言ったら普段より酷い事になったのだ。やり過ぎてるってのは分かってるんだけどな。


texts:
I am curious about a bit of academic pedantry of trivial importance.

If I wanted to put kanji in 日本人ではありません, would I use 有りません? This looks weird to me because 有 has some connotations of possession as opposed to 居る, for example.


texts: -te iku form with repetition / habitual action

texts:
I'm learning both the -ていく/-てくる form to express something done during the movement and the -ている form to express a repetitive / custom action.

But, if I want to say that everyday I'm reading a book when I come to work, can I say :
まいにちかいしゃに本をよんでいいています。

It's difficult for me to understand how to combine these two forms.
Thanks for your help :)


texts: What's the difference between 何が and 何を in a question?

texts:
何がしますか？

  何をしますか？

I always get these confused. The second I read as What will you do? or What are you doing? Literally, it could be You are doing what?

The first one though, in my head, I can translate the same way. Though I know it's not the same.

What's the difference?


texts: Who is doing the action in the second sentence?

texts:
I'm translating the following two sentences from a book written in first person.

女の子は動かない。
[悠然]{ゆう・ぜん}とナイフを構えたまま、　[身体]{≪からだ≫}の向きだけを変えてくる。

Is the person turning their body in the second sentence the girl mentioned in the previous sentence, or is it the first person narrator?


texts: てもいいですか　vs. causative verb + もらってもいいですか

texts:
電話を使わせてもらってもいいですか。

I know that causative verb form + てもらう means to let somebody do something. And てもいいですか　is for asking for permission. But I don't quite understand the use of these 2 constructions together.

If I wanted to ask someone to let me use their phone, I would possibly say:

  電話を使ってもいいですか。

How are the meanings of the two sentences different? Is "電話を使わせてもらってもいいですか" just more polite?


texts: Confirmation on ''a quarter past/to'' regarding time

texts:
Let's use 3:15 and 2:45 for our examples.

In English you can say a quarter past/to three.

In Chinese you can use 一刻, 3点(差)一刻

In both English and Chinese you can use the ''quarter'' version as well as stating the minutes explicitly.

It seems that 一刻 (いっこく) used to exist in Japanese but has fallen out of recognition.
 In other words a Japanese person wouldn't even understand you if you said 3:15 , 3時一刻 , 3じいっこく , but they would understand once you explained it to them and be like ''we don't say it that way''.

Can anyone confirm this ?

How would 一刻 have been used ?
And how would the 差 have worked ?


texts: How was まで used in this sentence: やる気がない者に構ってやるのは義務教育まで

texts:
I was wondering how まで was used in this sentence:

やる気がない者に　構ってやるのは 義務教育まで→ 意志なき者は去るほかない


texts: What is the specific difference between ば and たら conditionals?

texts:
This might be a common question but I really don't understand. I have searched a lot of websites but... I end up here. The facts that I know (can be wrong) :

ば focuses on the condition and cannot be used with instruction, permission, and command.
たら focuses on the result, can be used freely, and implies a completed action. It can also be used for unexpected situation and can mean when.

The one that make me confused is the focusing differences of the condition(ば) and the result(たら). How to know if a conditional phrase focuses on the condition or the result?

In these sentences, should it better be ば or たら?

A:レストランに行かない? B:時間があれば行くよ. For this I choose ば because it is the decider.

A:頑張って! B:私の勝ちだったら付き合ってください! For this I choose たら because the result is introduced and prioritized.

To be honest I just used my feeling to explain the reason because I can not use the words. Giving links to a website will not help. But again answers will be fully appreciated.


texts: Compound verb in Japanese; verb(te form)+verb vs verb(masu stem form)+verb

texts:
I have seen two type of compound verbs in Japanese, in one type the first verb is used in its "te form", in the second type the first verb is used in the "masu stem form". What difference does the form make of the first verb make to the meaning of the compound verb?

例：　持ってくる, this is where we have the first verb in "te form"
例：　吸い取る, this is where we have first verb in "masu stem form"

For example, why don't we say 吸って取る instead?


texts:
Does the particle に indicate direction in these sentences or why is it used here? Would someone be so kind to explain?

  わたしはかみにえがく。
  I draw on paper.
  せんせいにしつもんをしている。
  I ask the teacher a question.
  たんじょうびにたくさんのプレゼントをもらった。
  I got a lot of presents for my birthday.
  あなたになにがあった？
  What happened to you?
  がっこうにちこくした。
  I was late to school.
  がっこうにおべんとうをもっていく。
  I'll bring take lunch to school.
  これはけんこうによい。
  This is good for the health.
  せんせいのしつもんにこたえた。
  I answered the teachers question.

I think in case 9. に is used as a time particle. But shouldn't it be は though, like 明日は, 今年は etc. ?

  ひるごはんにらめんをたべましょう。
  Let's eat ramen for lunch.


texts:
I've seen a couple times examples of using this format of [noun] の [adjective] and I mostly see it in the form ~の高い

Some specifics I'm referring to are:
人気の高い
柔軟性の高い

I can't think of any more off the top of my head; I encounter it most frequently with 人気の高い

Why isn't が used there? Or I've even heard 人気のある[noun]

Any insight into this would really help out. Thanks!


texts: Ｗhat does a noun + に mean? How does the particle に work here?

texts:
I found the next sentence:
魔物が防御に徹するかのように動く。

And when I searched the word 防御 I found out that this word works only as a noun and as a のadjective, hence my doubt regarding the use and meaning of に in this particular sentence.
My question is, is it working with a "aim" meaning? or is it working with a "-ly meaning (like
"defensively" or something like that)"?


texts: What is the difference between these three sentences

texts:
I would like to know what is the difference between these setences :

私はやせていて
私はやせています
私はやせている

I already know that the difference between v~いる & v~います is just that one is in the formal way and the other one in the informal.
But I can't find nothing about v~いて.


texts:
Enno Shioji's answer to my question about 直音表記 says (emphasis added) that:

  Historically there were multiple way to write a word, and this wasn't standardized. For example, some very old documents contain both 直音表記 and ヤ行表記.

  This was subsequently standardized as 歴史的仮名遣い and then 現代仮名遣い.

When did this happen, and how? I imagine that at the time (whenever that was), there was no body analogous to the various ones that have been involved in the standardization of the modern language (e.g. the switch from 旧字体 to 新字体; the promulgation of the 常用漢字 list; standardization of 現代仮名遣い, etc.), so this must have been a more organic process.


texts:
TDL舞台に誘拐ミステリー⁉／噂、デマが飛び交って大騒ぎ

This is a headline from an article. How would you translate the whole headline? I don't know how I should translate the て from of the verb 飛び交う.


texts: Can I use 行っている間（に） in the sense of a habitual action?

texts:
Knowing that 行く is punctual, stative, and a motion verb, I also know that, 日本に行っている means "I/he/she have gone to Japan (and am still there)" rather than "I am currently going to Japan."
I also feel that 行っている can be used in the sense of habitual action, so that 大学に行っている can mean either "I'm at the college" or "I go to college" depending on the context.
That being said, can I also use 行っている in the sense of a habitual action in conjunction with 間（に)?

大学に行っている間、もっと勉強すればよかった。- I wish I had studied more when I was going to college.
大学に行っている間に高校の彼女と別れました。- While I was in college, I broke up with my girlfriend from high school.
大学に行っている間、雨が降りました。- It was raining while I was at school.
大学に行っている間に宿題をしました。- I did my homework while I was at school.


texts: Kanji 行 with なみ, なめ, みち and アン pronunciations

texts:
I have only found 行 being pronounced as いく, ゆく and おこなう for kun'yomi and as コウ and ギョウ for on'yomi, but my dictionary software also lists down なみ, なめ, みち and アン as the other pronunciations of this kanji.

In which words is the kanji 行 pronounced as なみ, なめ, みち or アン?


texts: What does the bottom part of 夢 mean, right under the 3 squares?

texts: I've been looking all over for the response but in 夢(dream) what does the bottom part right below the three little squares mean or say??


texts: How to translate 「まだ行ったことのないアメリカや日本に行ってみたいです」?

texts:
I am not sure if I understood this sentence right

  まだ行ったことのないアメリカや日本に行ってみたいです。

I got it like: "I want to visit places where I've never been such as America and Japan".

And why is there の?

Edit: Thanks to the links now I know why there is の

But I'm still unsure about the right translation for that sentence.


texts: What's the difference between ないことはない and ないこともない？

texts:
I found these two grammatical forms, ないことはない and ないこともない. To me they seem really similar both in usage and meaning, am I missing something? If somebody could give me some examples too, it would be really helpful.

Edit

I might be wrong but in the そうまとめN2, ないことはない and ないこともない are listed as two different forms and with two different meanings, as in:
1)やめられないこともない。 it is possible to quit
2)覚えられないこともない。 it is not impossible to remember


texts: When can an adverb use の to modify a noun

texts:
In this sentence

  僕はまったくのひとりぼっちで、まわりには誰もいない。

the adverb まったく uses の to modify ひとりぼっち (which I'm assuming is a noun in this context. I'll come back to that.)
How do you know when an adverb can be used in this way? I've seen the same thing done with たくさん.

On a side note I'm confused about the sentence as a whole. I think ひとりぼっち translates as loneliness or solitude and I'm assuming that the で here is the -て form of the copula (だ). So the first half of the sentence becomes

  I am complete loneliness, and ...

which doesn't quite make sense. Thanks.


texts: Construction behind 「やり」in this sentence

texts:
「それはわしがやりおまえが追いつめられたのでわしの攻撃と同じ事！」

I am having trouble with the「やり」in this sentence.
I believe that it is a verb  and possibly takes the same tense as 「追いつめられた」(similar to verbs linked via the "て-form" or similar ways)

Long story short, my question is which grammatical construction is behind that sentence.


texts: Why are る verbs missing the imperative in the ます form while う verbs have it?

texts: On the Shirabe Jisho app for the iPhone, they have conjugation charts for verbs. It seems that with every る verb, there is no imperative when it is in ます form, but with every う verb, there IS an imperative when it is in ます form. Is this a mistake from the app, or is that just how it is, and if so, why?


texts: Is there a name for this furigana convention

texts:
...where the furigana is a different "word"/"synonym" for the actual kanji in song lyrics, titles, etc.?

A couple references to this:

Why are some lyrics' words written in kanji whose usual reading is not how it is sung?
サモンナイト ツインエイジ 〜精霊たちの[共鳴]{«こえ»}〜

Is there any distinct name for this technique?


texts:
everyone,

Ran across this line ㊙DVD, with the 秘 encircled. Do any of you know what this might mean?


texts:
I was reading something and saw the following:

  小さな和室で、古い造りなので風呂とトイレは別になっている。換気があまりよくないので、白羽さんの入った後の風呂場のドアから、湿気と湯気がむわりと部屋にたちこめていた。

I can't find むわり or むわりと in any dictionaries. I'm guessing むわりと might be 無割 and maybe it means undiluted, but how would that apply to steam/humidity?


texts:
For full context, see here:
https://www.docdroid.net/ipTEvqI/1.pdf

The sentence in question is from もんだい number 2, line 5-7 (おんな):
一方、妻が夫にしてほしいと思っている第1位は「自分が間違っていると思ったらすぐあやまってほしい」ということでした。

First, my attempt at translation:
"On the other hand, the number 1 which wifes wish their husbands to do was 'when he thinks that he himself is wrong I wish he immediately apologizes'."

Until now, when じぶん was used it usually referred to the speaker himself. However, at least in the way I understood the sentence, it wouldn't make any sense if the wifes "wished" that they themselves did X, especially not what is described here.
I suspect that the じぶん


texts:
この本がバカ売れすれば、遊んで暮らすだけの金が手に入るのに。

Can anyone breakdown this part 遊んで暮らすだけの金 and explain the sentence construction ?


texts:
I came across this example in my N2 book for the the expression 「～ことだ」

  大きくなりすぎたからとペットを簡単に捨てる人がいる。なんとひどいことだ。

I don't know what's happening there at the "すぎたからと" part. Can someone explain?


texts:
I'm reading a story someone has written in Japanese and I came upon this sentence:

  体こそ違えど記憶と精神は彼女のものを引き継いでいる。

I think it means something like:

  The body is different, the memory and spirit are taking over things from her.

But what is the purpose of ど before the word for 'memory' in this sentence? From jisho it tells me ど is a prefix meaning "precisely/exactly/totally/very much", but I'm not sure how that changes the translation I did above (if that is an accurate translation)


texts: Even though I am in Japan for more than 4 months right now, I'm still worried about my Hiragana handwriting. Is it readable for Japanese? Because I know people had difficulties with reading my こ. Is there anything that has to change? (Well, I know it doesn't look like the beautiful characters in the chart when you first learn Hiragana.)


texts: What is the metaphorical meaning of 手{て}?

texts:
I often see 手{て}, hand, used in a metaphorical sense to mean something along the lines of effort or presence... but I'm not totally sure.

For example, consider this sentence:

  手を[抜]{ぬ}いて仕事{しごと}をしていたら、部長{ぶちょう}に怒{おこ}られた。

手{て}を抜{ぬ}く appears to be a set phrase, meaning, "to slack off."

However, I'm trying to get at exactly what the 手{て} refers to. When I first read this sentence, I thought that if one pulled one's "hand" out, then one simply wasn't doing the work.

What it seems to mean instead, though, is that one is still going to do the work, but not put in an effort.

Is it accurate to say, then, that 手{て}, when used metaphorically, usually refers to "effort"? Would the sentence mean the same thing if it was written like this:

  努力{どりょく}しなくて仕事{しごと}をしていたら、部長{ぶちょう}に怒{おこ}られた。


texts: Do genitive numerical phrases block the plural?

texts:
Context:

  [両]{りょう}の[貴様]{きさま}は[明日]{あした}の[末]{すえ}に[亡]{な}いです。

with the intended meaning

  Both of you will be dead by the end of tomorrow.

This question is about the 「両の貴様は」. I understand that the "plural/collective" is not used if there is a classifier phrase indicating the number of objects preceding the object to pluralize. My problem here comes from the ever-irritating "Inverted Partitive Genitive" behavior. 両の, an adjective-like object (noun in the genitive) meaning "both of," is technically a numerical phrase qualifying 貴様は. My question is:

Should the presence of a genitive numerical phrase prevent pluralization?

More concretely, should my sentence above begin with:

[両]{りょう}の[貴様]{きさま}は
[両]{りょう}の[貴様]{きさま}たちは


texts:
Short question.

Line from 愛は取り戻せ song:

  俺との愛を守る為 お前は旅立ち

That と is just an abbreviation from 俺たち? Or is some grammatical point with の related? Thanks in advance!


texts: How does the present tense work in a relative clause?

texts:
そんなわけで、まだ日も暮れない夕方の通学路を、駅に向かってゆっくりと歩く俺と加藤。

I encountered this quote in a light novel and am stuck on how to interpret it. It feels like 歩く should be "walking" in this context, but it is not 歩いている. The sentence does not seem to express future or habitual action like the dictionary form of a verb usually does either.


texts:
I am confused by a very specific sentence in the lesson I'm currently on and haven't found any examples online or anywhere in my textbook.

I'm trying to figure out how to correctly say "Robert said his mother is a good cook." The only way I can figure is to use the は particle twice... but I don't know if this is okay?

ロバ―トさんはお母さんは料理が上手と言ってました。

Would I omit one of the は’s in this case?


texts:
The guy who spoke this word uses Kansai dialect. I'm not sure if it is related to the dialect.

手を出したいのはやまやまなれど... こう十二オンスグローブが重くっちゃ...


texts: と particle usage - am I understanding it correctly?

texts:
These two sentences don't seem to fit to the grammar rules on と that I've been able to dig up so far:

  ぼんやりとした意識｛いしき｝のまま窓｛まど｝に視線｛しせん｝をやると、とっくに日が昇｛のぼ｝っていた。

This form seems to fit と as an 'if/when' conjunction, however the grammar book I'm using states that と must be a natural consequence of the verb clause the precedes it [lit: "a subordinate conjunction which marks a condition that brings about an noncontrollable event or clause"]. Surely, the speaker turning her head couldn't have caused the sun to have "risen a long time ago" (this doesn't make any sense to me, at least)?

What else is it, then?

From the context it seems to be "when I turn my head, I see the sun's already risen" but I this is pure conjecture on my part. How does と work here?

The next sentence seems to fit another familiar structure, と used as a particle to list things:

  冬｛ふゆ｝にしては暖｛あたた｝かな空気｛くうき｝と、シーツにくるまりたい欲求｛よっきゅう｝と少しだけ格闘｛かくとう｝した。

So ～空気と、～欲求と少しだけ格闘した would make sense from pure grammar standpoint but it doesn't make sense when I translate it as "I [slightly] grapple with the temptation to roll up in my sheets and (???) the air that is quite warm considering it's winter". Fighting a temptation makes perfect sense but fighting air? Is it just a creative quirk on the author's part (and I'm completely fine with that if it's the case here) or am I completely misunderstanding something from the grammar standpoint?

よろしくお願いします


texts: Meaning of どれも一枚のバインダーに収まるくらい

texts:
In the below I am a bit confused by what the narrator means in the below. Part of what is confusing me is what is meant by 一枚のバインダー. I understand the sentence to mean something like "The panoramic view from here is such that you could fit them all in one binder", but what does it mean by one binder?
予想通り、小高い丘の上に建つ学園の屋上からの景色は絶景だった。駅前から始まるほぼ一本道の通学路、商店街に緑地公園、学園前にあるやや長めの坂。どれも一枚のバインダーに収まるくらい、ここからの景色はすべてを一望できた。


texts:
So I have the following two sentences from the Yotsuba manage chapter 15.

  うまいか？変な味しないか？

I have seen some typos with the manga on the site I'm reading it at, but I don't think this is one. I'm confused as to why しない is used instead of じゃない。しない means doesn't do. The literal translation would be "Does it not do weird flavor instead" instead of "Is it not a weird flavor." Could this be a mistake in the whoever wrote the javascript/markup for this site or does しない translate as "Doesn't taste" here? I think I've come across instances like this before where する is used somewhat loosely.


texts:
先ほどまでの憂いは影をひそめ、その仕草に優雅ささえ漂わせる.

The hardships from before hide the shadow, (and through) that gesture give off elegance.

Is this a correct way to understand it?

Is 仕草 the agent?
Is 漂わせる a causative form.


texts: あかさたなはまやらわ mnemonics

texts:
What mnemonic phrase / jingle, if any, is used by Japanese children to memorize the あかさたなはまやらわ sequence?

Or could you come up with some?

To help myself memorize this, I could possibly fashion an English jingle (where Satana is doomed to figure), but a straight Japanese sentence would be more suitable as a mnemonic device.


texts: Is 机のとなりの椅子で読むのが好きです natural?

texts: If I wanted to say, "I like to read in the chair next to my desk," would the best way to say this be, 机のとなりの椅子で読むのが好きです, or is there a more natural to say this (especially with the direction words)?


texts:
I came across the following passage in a mystery manga. The main character is explaining that the as of yet unknown criminal intentionally made the listener think that Kimisawa was the criminal (though she is not).

  おそらく奴は
  お前が君沢さんを
  犯人だと思い込むのを
  計算に入れて

  その「香水」の匂いを
  かがせたんだ！

"It's likely that that guy (奴) incorporated it into his plans that you'd be under the impression that the criminal was Kimisawa. He made you smell that perfume on purpose!"

Unless I am mistaken, it seems to me that the subject/complement of だ is denoted with を which I thought was unacceptable. Could someone please explain when and if this is allowable?

EDIT: I neglected to mention (didn't notice actually) which を...だ I am uncertain about. I am interested in the お前が君沢さんを犯人だと思い込む part rather than the その「香水」の匂いをかがせたんだ part.


texts: As a foreigner with a Japanese name, what are the implications of writing my name in katakana or kanji?

texts:
I'm a foreigner, and my name is Shiori. I've heard of a several Japanese people with this name, and they write it with kanji (of course).

I know that when you are a foreigner, you are supposed to write your name in katakana, but since my name is Japanese, is it possible for me to use kanji?

According to wikipedia; the most common ways of writing Shiori are 栞,
撓 and
詩織. I know that foreigners should avoid kanji for their name because even if it sounds like your name, the meaning comes out as weird. But these kanjis for Shiori are already used for names, so the meanings don't come out as weird..?

So even if my name is Japanese, should I use シオリ or any of the kanjis?


texts:
Possible Duplicates:
  Is it ok for non-japanese to refer to themselves as 僕（ぼく） and if not why?
  How should I select what first-person pronoun to use?
  How commonly are "あたし" (atashi) or "僕" (boku) used in Japan?

one teacher said:

  When we are talking about kids, we differenciate boys and girls

  私：for girls
  僕：for boys

  for adults, it doesn't matter

another teacher:

  it's expected that I refer to myself as 僕 always, because I'm a man

one japanese friend:

  僕 seems little cute

my brother:

  always use 俺 within friends

...
I always try to use 私
how is the best way to say "I" or "me" (for boys, and for girls)?


texts:
神々は何度も何度も何度も, 気が遠くなるほどサイコロを振りました.

Having hard time fully understanding this sentence. Especially this part 「気が遠くなるほど」, or how it affects 「気が遠くなる」. My translation would be something along the lines of "Over and over and over again, the gods are astounded as they role the dice."

I would really appreciate it, if someone could break the sentence down a little bit and explain the grammar part, that I might have missed.


texts: 華麗にスルーする　Ignore someone . . . how exactly?

texts:
I was watching an anime series called Steins;Gate today.  In episode 9 (around six minutes in), one of the characters proposes physically travelling through time:

  凶真「ずばり、物理的タイムトラベルだ！」

The other characters pause for a moment (because it's so ridiculous) and then they ignore him:

  紅{く}莉{り}栖{す}「まゆり。麦茶、冷蔵庫にまだある？」
  まゆり「ちょっと待っててね」

In response to being ignored, he pulls out his phone and dramatically pretends to talk to someone on the phone for a moment:

  凶真「俺だ！　機関によるラボ内の切り崩し工作が始まったようだ。この鳳凰院凶真の言葉が、ラボメンの心に届かないのだ」

And his friend replies:

  ダル「それ、前からじゃねぇ?」
  凶真「ならなぜ、この素晴らしい議題を華麗にスルーするのだ！」

I understand that スルーする is slang for ignoring someone (from through), but I can't figure out how to make sense of 華麗に modifying it.  How exactly are they ignoring him?

明鏡国語辞典 defines 華麗 as 「はなやかで美しいこと」, but it doesn't really make sense to me here.


texts:
「ムラサメ様のことを疑っているわけではなくて、慣れない生活ですから、体調を崩すこともあると思っただけです」」

  「何もないならいいんです。それでは失礼します」

  「あ、はい」

  「いい子、なんだろうけどなぁ。俺を心配してくれてるんだから」

What does the なんだろうけどな mean in the above exchange?

I think I understand what he means (despite her acting cold and trying to distance herself from him, he suspects that she is actually a nice girl, evidenced by her worrying about him). However, I'm still not quite sure why the けど is there. Without the けど it wouldn't make sense/sound right, but I can't quite put my finger on what its doing.

Is there something after the けど that is left unsaid?
Is it backwards so that the kedo comes at the end of the second sentence? (I.e. there is something that previously happened or was said, like in the question Understanding この場合〜なんだろうけど?)
Something else?


texts: What's the difference between なんと and どう

texts:
I'm having a lot of trouble working out the difference between なんと and どう。 どう is "How" e.g. これはどう書きますか "How do you write this?" and is easy for me to understand. The problem is なんと、the dictionaries translate it as "how?" and "what?".

If I want to say "how" when do I use どう and when do I use なんと and What's the difference between これはなんと書きますか and これはどう書きますか。To put it in context, if it helps, I'm studying JLPT2 but still have problems with this.


texts:
One of my current biggest challenges in learning Japanese sentence patterns is knowing which verb forms to use when linking to set phrases.

The largest classes of verb forms I've seen that are used to link verbs to other structures are 連用形｛れんようけい｝ (stem form), テ形｛けい｝ (te form), and 普通形｛ふつうけい｝ (plain form). Here are some examples of grammar patterns from each category.

連用形 (stem form)

連用形＋はじめる（例：今週｛こんしゅう｝、日本語｛にほんご｝を勉強｛べんきょう｝しはじめました。）
連用形＋方｛かた｝（例：この漢字｛かんじ｝の書｛か｝き方はとても簡単｛かんたん｝ですね。）
連用形＋たい（例：今晩｛こんばん｝、天｛てん｝ぷらを食｛た｝べたいです。）

テ形 (te form)

テ形＋いく（例：ちょうちょうは飛｛と｝んでいた）
テ形＋ください（例：聞｛き｝いてください）
テ形＋ほしい（例：レストランに一緒｛いっしょ｝に行｛い｝ってほしいです）

普通形 (plain form)

普通形＋かもしれません（例：東京｛とうきょう｝に行｛い｝くかもしれません）
普通形＋ようになる（例：練習｛れんしゅう｝したから、今｛いま｝漢字を書｛か｝けるようになりました。）
普通形＋ところ（例：彼｛かれ｝と犬｛いぬ｝は公園｛こうえん｝から来｛く｝るところです。）

(Feel free to correct my grammar in any of these examples too if there are any errors as I'm still learning!)

Anyhow, if you were given an arbitrary grammar structure, such as ＋はじめる, ＋ください, ＋かもしれません without knowledge of which verb form should preceede, would there be any logic in how to retroactively figure out (or at least have a good guess) as to which verb form should come before?


texts: What are the origins of ド when used as emphasis, and is it always negative?

texts:
Sometimes I've seen ド as a prefix that adds emphasis to words. So saying someone is ドバカ is saying that they are much more stupid than just バカ.

I'm wondering what the origin of ド in this context is. Does it come from 度 【ど】("degree"), as in, "the degree of X is higher"?

Also, is it always negative? I usually see it attached to negative terms, but I don't know if it's exclusively negative.

Lastly, is it impolite?


texts:
In the textbook Japanese for Busy People I, the order of the elements in a sentence is always the same (subject - when - with whom - by what means - to where - verb) at least as far as I have made it. Like so:

  スミスさんは　あした　かいしゃの　ひとと　おおさかししゃに　いきます。

  スミスさんは　きのう　ひとりで　おおさかししゃに　いきました。

  スミスさんは　きんようびに　チャンさんと　しんかんせんで　おおさかに　いきました。

Is this order always the same in the Japanese language or is it is a specificity of my textbook in order to better synthesize each element that composes the sentence?

From what I understand, the first sentence could be translated into English with variations in the order of the elements:

  Mr. Smith is going to the Osaka branch office with a colleague
  tomorrow.

  Tomorrow, Mr. Smith is going to the Osaka branch office with a
  colleague.

  Mr. Smith is going with a colleague to the Osaka branch office
  tomorrow.

Can these variations occur in Japanese as well? Or does the sentence have to have the order displayed above?

Please reply in kana, as I do not know any kanji.


texts:
Here is the sentence containing the verb in て-form.

  ひさしぶりに　この本皮のグローブがしっとりと敵の血をすって　なんともいえねえ　においをかがしてくれる....

As my understanding, the pattern てくれる use て-form verb which the verb would be 嗅{か}いで.

Is the verb 「かがして」 Tokyo dialect?


texts: Is there any single word expression that means "same"

texts: I understand this is casual English to say "same" after someone says they do something, but I was wondering if there was a close expression in Japanese that isn't just like 私も. I've heard there's それな but that applies more to the usage where you agree with someone, not that you do the same thing.


texts:
I was listening to the song 命に嫌われている and came across the following lyrics:

  寂しいなんて言葉でこの傷が表せていいものか

  そんな意地ばかり抱え今日も一人ベッドに眠る

I don’t understand what ていい is doing here. An attempt at a direct translation would go something like “there’s no way it’s alright for one to be able to express their hurt by saying they’re lonely” but that sounds quite off to me. If it had been 表していい I would understand, but 表せていい? How does ていい work with potential forms?

(Lyrics taken from this site.)


texts: What level of formality is used in companies and web pages?

texts:
I'm new here, and I'm full of doubts... (sorry)
Today I want to ask about how should I address people that work in a company in a webpage?

I was recently hired at a consultancy agency to translate their web page to Japanese. I already with the basic buttons from the webpage and everything. But when it comes to translating page's information that is addressing the reader, I don't know how should I write it (keigo, son keigo?) :(

What is the best choice?

I thank all for your help in advance!!


texts:
Generally, in all Japanese language classes, the rule you're taught is that です does not follow い adjectives.  Instead, い adjectives can act like stative verbs, and as such terminate a sentence by themselves.  However, I have heard this usage frequently.  I don't necessarily have a specific example in mind that I've heard, because it doesn't seem all that rare.

However, recently I got into a discussion with someone who suggested that い adjective + です is dangerous, and has the potential to be offensive and/or rude when used incorrectly so foreigners should avoid it.  One specific example given was 美しいです sounding vulgar.  They also said that い adjective + だ is flat out ungrammatical in all situations.  When I've posed this same question to other Japanese speakers, they take no issue with 美しいです and they say it sounds fine.

My question is, there seems to be some disagreement.  Does anyone have a definitive answer about why such a disagreement might exist, and how I should go about knowing whether or not it's safe to use い adjective + です in normal usage?  Or maybe people here also have no issue with it, and think that the original person I spoke to was perhaps mistaken.

If it's not safe, then what do I do if I want to end a sentence with an い adjective politely?  Follow it with ～のです perhaps?


texts: What is the difference between なにかな and なんだろう?

texts: I want to see if なにかな or なんだろう, would be used in a similar way. I asked about what would be a good chat topic and the response was なにかな. I have also seen なんだろう and jisho gives similar definitions.　Don't both terms indicate a type of wondering? I am thinking that なんだろう may be more of a surprise.


texts: Why was つ originally used to mark consonant gemination? When was that?

texts:
I can't find the answer anywhere.

It seems that in manyougana consonant gemination was not marked in any way. And before the 1946 reform the normal size つ　was used instead of the current smaller one. But what was the original reason to start using つ as the consonant doubling symbol, and not say く or some original symbol altogether?


texts: When do you use your own name to refer to yourself?

texts:
I searched for "referring to yourself in third person" and other similar phrases , but found only these: Q1, Q2. All searches in google also lead to similar discussions.

But I already know that referring to yourself in the third person in conversation might be seen as childish or cutesy. What I wanted to know about, however, was their usage in the workplace. There was an email from a co-worker asking if we were free on MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM. Then the replies that came were like this:

  田中：　田中はOKです。

  木村：　木村も大丈夫です。

  Me:　私も大丈夫です。

etc. etc. They are men in their 30's - 40's and I don't think they were trying to be cute at all. In fact, this isn't the first time they've answered in this way. Our department head once asked us to check each of the projects we were in-charge of and the replies were in the form:

  田中の分。。。

This second one, I can somehow understand since 〇〇の分 becomes somewhat an encompassing name or way to refer to the projects under 〇〇.

I'm wondering, then, when is it appropriate to use your own name like these examples? Should I have used my own name as well? Was it fine I used 私 (I used 私 because it's the only way I know how and I wanted to be safe... but was it right)?

If this has actually already been asked and I just didn't search hard/well enough, please lead me to those questions/articles/etc.

Thank you!


texts:
I came across a sentence using もあれば where there wasn't a conditional. あれば got translated as sometimes:

  名詞から動詞が派生していることもあれば、その逆のこともある。
  Sometimes a verb is derived from a noun and sometimes it is the other way around.

Looking for more examples, I saw some more sentences with this "sometimes this, sometimes that" pattern. I basically understand how to construct a sentence with this pattern, but I also found some where I couldn't' tell what もあれば was doing:

  京都から高野山までは、3時間もあれば行ける距離です。
  Kyoto is about 3 hours distance from Mt. Koya
  10分もあれば支度できます。
  It only takes me 10 minutes to get ready

What is もあれば's function in the last two examples?


texts: How to say "give me some time" in a certain context

texts:
How does one say "give me time" in the context of "please give me some time to answer you love confession". Possible candidates are:

告白を答えるように時間かかる - But it seems awfully rude and business formal to use 時間かかる

告白を答えるように時間をください - Sounds slightly better but I get the feeling it's still not quite right.


texts:
こんにちは。

I'm from Venezuela and I'm studying in a culinary school located in Amazonas. I plan to use some Japanese recipes as part of my project and I've been thinking about a name for my thesis for a while. I thought about "Amazonas, itadakimasu" or "Itadakimasu Amazonas"; however, whenever I hear いただきます it is always said alone and never with other words.  For example "おかあさんいただきます". I'm aware that this is beyond a simple "bon apetit" because it's a way say thank you for everything you're about to eat ( everything in your plate).

I'm also aware that most of the people that will read the thesis will not really care about it (not because it's not important but because they won't understand), but I want to know if it's grammatically correct because I do care.

Btw, the tittle will be written in romaji as shown.

Thanks in advance.


texts: Can のほうが be omitted when answering a question?

texts:
So when people are doing comparisons, do you use のほうが colloquially or even in text? I've seen AとBとどちらのほうが速いですか？　and also AとBとどちらが速いですか？

And the answers be:

AのほうがBより速いです。
AはBより速いです。
Aのほうが速いです。

But I wonder if normal colloquial Japanese wouldn't just express it as: Aが速いです。 or even Aはもっと速いです。 Can のほうが be left out when replying?


texts:
キノック 「なあ　アーロン　この10年　なにをしていた？

  アーロン 「作戦が始まる　そんな話はいいだろう

  キノック 「どうせ失敗する作戦だ 「少しでも長く夢を見させてやるさ

It's from the game Final Fantasy X, the scene before Operation Mi'ihen. It's the operation to destroy the creature "Sin", the world evil. Kinoc (キノック) is in charge of the operation. Both Aaron (アーロン) and Kinoc know that operation is doomed.

I can't understand that 話 means in this context.

Does Aaron refer to this question - "この10年　なにをしていた？", then 話 would mean "talk" or he refers to this part - "作戦が始まる" and then 話 would mean "state of affairs"?

My translation:

  Kinoc: Tell me, Aaron. What have you been doing these ten years?

  Aaron: The operation begins. I quess you're pleased with it's going
  like that.

OR

  I wonder if such a talk would be appropriate.

  Kinoc: It's a failure plan anyway. We'll let them dream just a little
  longer.


texts: What is the difference between 受け継ぐ、引き継ぐ，and 継承する?

texts:
I know these words roughly translate to "to inherit", "to take over", "to succeed", etc, but what is the difference between these words? These words were used in Attack on Titan: Final Season Episode 5.
Examples:

戦槌の巨人と共に受け継いできた記憶
始祖の巨人を継承すると同時にタイバー家と画策して
自らの思想を引き継がせる


texts:
持ちつ持たれつ (meaning approximately "supporting eachother") is commonly heard, but seems to be formed from some archaic grammar.

I'm assuming it's an archaic form of 持って持たれて or something like that, but can somebody confirm/dismiss/elaborate on that?
When was this kind of grammar in active use?
Are these archaic forms used in any other common modern expressions?


texts: quotative と without an accompanying verb?

texts:
The following is an excerpt from a dialogue between me and my language partner:
「農業を仕事としてする農家の人頭が減っていながら、大型の農場が増えています。」
を、日本の現状からわかりやすく言い替えてみると、

→全体の農家数が減る一方で、大規模農家が増えています。

For context: We were talking about her family which ran a small scale farm back in the day. I told her about the situation in germany, where smaller agricultural business are constantly on the decline, with many farmers reducing their work as a farmer to a sidebusiness.

About the sentence in question:
Doe anyone have an idea why the sentence just ends in "...替えてみると..."? If you think she just forgot to bring the sentence to an end, just tell me and I'll ask  her. However, if such abrupt ellipses are common in japanese, please help me extrapolating what is supposed to stand there ^^

Also, what is this 模 in 大規模農家? Jisho redirects me to "wooden printing block" (形木 ) but that doesnt make much sense here Oo


texts: だいぶ撒いとるしなあ means what?

texts:
だいぶ - greatly?
撒く - spread?
しなあ - ?

UPDATE: the context is the following. It's a scene from anime 'Your name'. The mayor is giving a speech in front of an audience. Then the focus is moved to a couple of people standing in the back among the crowd. A man says, "He's going to be reelected anyway". A woman says back to him だいぶ撒いとるしなあ. In the subtitles it is translated as "I heard he's been dishing out the pork".
As far as I understand し here is used to creat a list? Like she's adding to the man's point. And なあ is just for emphasis? So "And (he's been) greatly spreading (rumors/lies?) (about himself?)


texts:
In this sentence: 俺にあの日の再現をさせようってのか
I know that ってのか is short for というのか
But what does he mean by that sentence?
返事してくれてありがとうございます！


texts: Why are weather verbs 曇る and 晴れる treated differently in this sentence?

texts:
In this sentence:

  どうやら今日の天気は曇るようだ。× It seems that today's weather is cloudy.

This uses the weather verb 曇る

But when asking native speakers, this does not sound natural and I don't understand why.

Here are some other variations that are apparently correct:

  1) どうやら今日の天気は曇りのようだ。○

Instead of using 曇る like above, this uses the noun form 曇り with よう/みたい

This means that the speaker is judging the weather to be cloudy based on his sensations and other evidence. The most certain out of the three.

  2) どうやら今日の天気は曇りそうだ。○

～そう form is used, so that means the speaker looks at the sky and judging from appearance only, it looks cloudy.

  3) どうやら今日の天気は曇りらしい。○

～らしい is used here, meaning the speaker is judging it is cloudy based on second hand information and hearsay.

According to native speakers, 3) sounds the most natural. But I don't know why.

I presume this would be the same with 晴れる

Can someone please explain:

Why I can't use 曇るようだ and yet the other given sentences are correct.

I also want to confirm that my interpretations of the grammar of each sentence is correct.

Possibly related:

What is the difference between all the weather words: 気象きしょう, 天気てんき and 天候てんこう?


texts:
What's the difference between saying for example
限界までは我慢する and 限界まで我慢する
I did googled a bit but can't find any relevant answers


texts: In real life, do Japanese speakers exclaim things like 熱っ！ or 痛たた… or 寒！?

texts:
In anime and Japanese television and so forth, I've noticed that people confronted with a sudden undesired stimulus, like heat or pain or cold, will often utter something like 熱っ【あつっ】！ or 痛たた【いたたた】… or 寒【さむ】！, all of which follow the pattern of taking a word that describes the undesired stimulus and then modifying it in some way, like clipping it or extending it.

To my English ear, this sounds a little bit unusual, since in English, the things people exclaim when presented with an undesired stimulus are generally non-words (e.g. "Aaaah!" or "Ouch!" or "Brrrr") or profanities, rather than something like "Hot!" or "Painful!". This is the case even in works of fiction, though of course the exclamations might be more articulate or exaggerated than one would expect from real life.

Do Japanese speakers exclaim these sorts of things in real life?


texts:
I was wondering if there is a form I can use to express "more than X".

For example, "reading more than 200 pages a day is a challenge". Or maybe something like, "reading as much as 200 pages a day is a challenge", or "I have never read so many pages before".


texts:
From the dictionary it seems "付加的" means "additive".

However, in the below conversation, I can't see how it fits. It seem to be used for something else.

「たとえば私が余命幾許もない身であるとしたら」
「嫌な仮定がきた」
「私の書く本も、私の口にする言葉も、付加的な意味をもってとらえられることになるでしょう？」
「おそらくはそうだろうね」

Can someone please help me understand what this means here?

Does it mean he is thinking he will somehow be implicated in causing her death? Or that he will die himself soon? (The first line is the girl, the second is the guy).

You can see the entire context here


texts: Is there a difference between 生出 and 生産？

texts: I checked the definitions in here for 生産 and 生出 and there appears to be a huge overlap between the two words. That said, what is the major difference between these two?


texts: Can someone help me identify this onomatopoeia?

texts:
I'm drawing onomatopoeia from JoJo's Bizarre Adventure for the fun of it, but I would at least like to know the meaning (and romaji) of what i'm trying to draw. I've been trying to identify this but these katakana only look slightly similar to some I see on Wikipedia. Any help would be appreciated, thanks!

(please note that I do not have very much knowledge of Japanese)


texts: Difference between ではダメ、いけない、ならない to end a sentence

texts:
This question came up from a previous SO post
Katakana ダメ to end a sentence - emphasis?

全ての敵を倒す必要はないが、逃げてばかりではダメ。
It is not necessary to beat all enemies, but you can't run away all the time

The question was raised that this is similar to using ～ては　(いけない・ならない).
ダメ gives it a harsher or more colloquial feel.
Comparing all three in the same sentence, what are the differences in their meanings?


texts: What does this sentence translate to or what does 見ていて and 様子 mean in this context?

texts:
Here's the line from NHK easy news:

  ザギトワ選手のインスタグラムは世界で４５万人ぐらいの人が見ていて、犬をかわいがる様子が人気になっています。

Link to the news article.

Separating the part before and after comma into two parts,

  ザギトワ選手のインスタグラムは世界で４５万人ぐらいの人が見ていて、

What does 見ていて mean here ? My translation is "Zagitova's instagram account is being followed by 450k people" but I am not sure if follow is the correct translation of 見ていて.

  犬をかわいがる様子が人気になっています

"The condition of dog being cute is getting popular" doesn't make a lot of sense to me. The confusion here arises mostly because of 様子.

  犬をかわいがる様子が人気になっています。

What would be a good English translation for the entire sentence or what do 見ていて and 様子 translate to in this context ?


texts: Prior to the development of the な particle (presumably from なる) several hundred years ago, what constructions were used where な-construtions are currently used? E.g. in the phase きれいな女, would that have been きれいの女, 女のきれい, きれい女 (and would that be kireionna or kirei onna?), きれいなる女　or something else?