classical scholar and Protestant theologian. After adopting Protestantism, he studied under J. Calvin, who procured for him a post in Geneva in 1541. Theological differences led to a breach with Calvin and Castellio left Geneva in 1545. He worked as a proof-reader in Basle until c.1553, when he became professor of Greek in the university. In 1551 he published a translation of the Bible in classical Latin. As well as defending the doctrine of free will, it contained a plea for freedom of worship which was unique among 16th-cent. theologians. He was the instigator (and perhaps the author) of a work condemning the burning of M. Servetus. His doctrine of religious toleration received its fullest expression in his Conseil à la France désolée (1562).
Subjects: Early Modern History (1500 to 1700) — Christianity.