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Keeping the blood pressure within normal limits assists the blood flow around the body, particularly the brain, which is an essential consideration in treating the aging population. Subjects with blood pressure below 140/90 retained better memory and cognitive functioning than those with an average 144/84. Certain anti-hypertensive medications have more effect on the preservation of blood flow to the brain than others and studies to compare these are underway. Reduction in brain function is expected with age, but diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetes can increase the progression of the loss in mental abilities, plus contribute to the risk of heart attack and stroke, which are more immediate effects of the diseases.