The hilly, rocky, and rugged Principality of Monaco, one of the smallest countries on earth, with a land mass of 1.95 square kilometers, is located on the southern Mediterranean coast of France, near the border with Italy. In recent years, owing to coastal and landfill land reclamation efforts, the country has actually increased in size. The constitutional monarchy is a French protectorate with no military of its own and is divided into four quarters for governance purposes. The total population of approximately 32,000 residents includes people from 108 different nationalities. For years, Monaco has been known as both a playground for the rich and famous who visit its casinos, and as a tax haven for the wealthy seeking places to shelter income. With ...