The accidental contamination of Aluminum into drinking water occurred and more than 20,000 persons were exposed to high level of Al at 1988 in Camelford (Cornwall, UK). Residents exposed to contaminated Al exhibited various symptoms related to cerebral impairments such as loss of concentration and short term memory in a 10-year follow-up study. —-Aluminum is not essential for life. On the contrary, Aluminum is a well established neurotoxin and is suspected to be linked with various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinsonism dementia in the Peninsula and Guam, and the Gulf War syndrome. —Despite it’s environmental abundance, Al is not an essential element for living organisms, and no enzymatic reaction requires Al. Aluminum is reported to influence more than 200 biologically important reactions and to cause various adverse effects on the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) (Table 1). These include crucial reactions for brain development such as the axonal transport, neurotransmitter synthesis, synaptic transmission, phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of proteins, protein degradation, gene expression, and inflammatory responses.