Johann Schiltberger, also called Hans Schiltberger, (born 1380, near Lohhof, Bavaria—died c. 1440), German nobleman whose Reisebuch (“Travel Book”), describing his journeys through areas now chiefly within the Transcaucasian region and Russia, offers an important record of medieval times.
While serving in the Crusade of King Sigismund of Hungary against the Turks, the young Schiltberger was taken prisoner by the Turks in the decisive battle at Nicopolis (now Nikopol, Bulg.), on Sept. 28, 1396, and then enslaved. It was thus that he came to see Asia Minor and Egypt. After the Turkish defeat at Ankara on July 20, 1402, he passed into the possession of the Mongol khan Timur (Tamerlane), with whom he enjoyed a favoured position comparable to that of Marco Polo in Cathay. Hence, he became familiar with Samarkand and saw Armenia, Georgia, Siberia, the middle Volga, and southeastern Russia. Escaping from his semibondage, he returned to Bavaria (1427) by way of Constantinople and via a route through east-central Europe north of the Carpathian Mountains. The Reisebuch, one of the first German contributions to geography, was first printed about 1460. An English edition appeared in 1879.