These rings have at least one functional group with hydrogen bond acceptor properties favoring the HA+3 regions interaction (see Figure 6). gastroparesis. Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of a series of 62 active compounds in the 5-HT4 receptor was carried out in the present work. The structure-activity relationship was estimated using three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) techniques based on these structures field molecular (force and Gaussian field). The best force-field QSAR models achieve a value for the coefficient of determination of the training set of R2training = 0.821, and for the test set R2test = 0.667, while for Gaussian-field QSAR the training and the test were R2training = 0.898 and R2test = 0.695, respectively. The obtained results were validated using a coefficient of correlation of the leave-one-out cross-validation of U18666A Q2LOO = 0.804 and Q2LOO = 0.886 for force- and Gaussian-field QSAR, respectively. Based on these results, novel 5-HT4 partial agonists with potential biological activity (pEC50 8.209C9.417 for force-field QSAR and 9.111C9.856 for Gaussian-field QSAR) U18666A were designed. In addition, for the new analogues, their absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity U18666A properties were also analyzed. The results show that these new derivatives also have reasonable pharmacokinetics and drug-like properties. Our findings suggest novel routes for the design and development of new 5-HT4 partial agonists. strong class=”kwd-title” Keywords: Alzheimers disease, 5-HT4, partial agonist, 3D-QSAR, force and gaussian fields 1. Introduction Alzheimers disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that mainly affects people over 60 years old. The current pharmacotherapy only provides palliative treatments, reducing the associated symptoms through the increase of cholinergic function. This pharmacotherapy can produce unwanted side effects such as abdominal pain, muscle cramps, tremors, and fatigue, among others . In this U18666A sense, there is a need for new therapeutic targets for the treatment of this disorder. The 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4R) belongs to a superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) [2,3,4]. This receptor is highly expressed in the brain regions of the hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebral cortex, areas of the brain related to short- and long-term memory and cognitive processing, so that deterioration of this region would be associated with neurological diseases such as Alzheimers disease [5,6]. The 5-HT4R has been reported to play an essential role in disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) such as AD [7,8], peripheral nervous system (PNS) disorders , irritable bowel syndrome [10,11,12], and gastroparesis [13,14,15]. Moreover, 5-HT4R agonists modulate peptides derived from the soluble amyloid precursor protein- (a non-amyloidogenic protein) that plays a role in neuroprotection against the neurotoxic effects of -amyloid . Therefore, 5-HT4R partial agonists show very promising activity for symptomatic treatments of cognitive disorders in AD . Its dual mechanism of action in treating AD and other cognition-related diseases makes 5-HT4R a very attractive target for new drug discovery. Consequently, several structurally diverse heteroaromatic compounds [18,19,20,21] have been explored as 5-HT4R total or partial agonists for both CNS and PNS. Nirogi et al. reported a series of 5-HT4R compounds with 3-isopropylimidazo [1,5-a]-pyridine-carboxamide scaffold, most of which showed cognition-enhancing properties in animal models . However, their absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties were not satisfactory due to their low ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Their results revealed that these molecules are composed of an aromatic fragment, a coplanar functional group, and a bulky substituent. Recently, Nirogi reported new 5-HT4R partial agonists with good ADMET properties and potential drug candidates . To design new 5-HT4R agonists, theoretical studies are substantially essential to expedite and save resources. Several computational methods simplify the drug discovery process. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) is a ligand-based drug design method, which relates to the biological activity of compounds with several physicochemical properties . However, QSAR techniques have limited efficacy for designing new functional molecules due to the lack of three-dimensional (3D) molecules structures. Consequently, 3D-QSAR averts this problem by IGFBP2 using the 3D-attributes of ligands and chemometric tools. That significantly enhances the predictability of the biological activity of the model [25,26,27,28]. In this work, we present a computational study of a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) of a set of molecules with agonist activity on 5-HT4 receptors. The calculations were carried out by using pressure- and Gaussian-field centered QSAR models. Our 3D-QSAR study aims to obtain helpful information to guide long term 5-HT4R agonists design with promising restorative activity and that these fresh analogues have good ADMET properties as prospective drug candidates. 2. Results and Discussion 2.1. Analyzed Compounds The analyzed dataset was based on Brodney et al.  and Nirogi et al. [22,23]. They reported different compounds with biological activity (5-HT4 receptor partial agonist.) indicated in EC50 in nanomolar concentration (see Table S1 of the Supplementary.
- Treatment and Induction of NMO in Rats Ninety Lewis rats (feminine, 10- to 12-week-old, and 200C250?g) were found in this research
- 5 weeks post-primary infection, mice were given a secondary infection with the type I strain RH
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- 260408 of the Western Research Council (ERC), as well as the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF W1224 C Doctoral Program on Biomolecular Technology of Proteins C BioToP)
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