1:44:46 – Joe explains the battle between being productive and the force that keeps you from producing. Whether it is making art, working out, or doing some kind of work there is a resistance that comes up from within that keeps an individual from doing these things. Joe quotes his friend who has written about this; it is a constant battle and if you accept this battle as a necessary part of accomplishing things, you are more likely to win. Most people feel the resistance and thus do not act. Recognition of resistance and application of effort against resistance is a major step forward.
Nicotinamide Riboside; Nicotinamide Mononucleotide; Creating New Mitochondria; Mitophagy
1;46:51 – Nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide. These compounds are precursors to to vitamin B3. In the body they get converted into NAD. The mitochondria uses NAD to make energy. There have been studies where mice were fed nicotinamid riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide. In these studies, researchers have discovered that nicotinamide mononucleotide delays aging in the liver, muscles, bones, and eyes. Recently there was a human study conducted involving nicotinamide riboside (the does was 24-32ml per kilogram of body weight) where subjects had delayed aging in tissues. The increased NAD leads to new mitochondria formation. Nicotinamide riboside can be found in supplement form; the supplement is called Elysium. Elysium also includes pterostilbene, which increases the amount of a certain bacteria in the gut that can convert ellagitannins (found in berries, nuts and particularly in pomegranates) into urolithin A. Urolithin A causes mitophagy, where damaged mitochondria is cleared away; this is similar to autophagy where the body clears away damaged cells. Mitochondria is very important for the way we age; if they decay, we decay. SO, what this combination of nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene does is create new healthy mitochondria (thanks to nicotinamide riboside) and get rid of the damaged mitochondria pool (thanks to pterostilbene). A double whammy. [very interesting]. Mitochondria is the focus in the anti-aging science.
1:57:10 – Fasting increases mitophagy. Fasting will selectively get rid of damaged cells or damaged mitochondria. Damaged cells and damaged parts of cells have a unique profile that allows the body to target them for deletion. [a truly beautiful system]
2:00:56 – Peter Thiel’s funding of biotech startups. Joe and Dr. Patrick discuss Dr. Aubrey de Grey. Dr. Patrick addresses the possibility that aging research may lead to delays in the aging process but subjects may be stuck in the biological state determined by their habits. She makes this point to stress the idea that we want to be healthy in preparation as a hedged bet.
2:04:27 – Parabiosis and GDF11. Growth factor 11 is understood to be the thing that produces anti-aging responses. Recent studies has shown that something in old mice may be responsible for the aging response; something called VCAM1. We make more of this as we get older and it causes inflammation in the brain. More studies have shown this; antibodies against the VCAM1 which prevent it from doing its action, can reduce aging.
2:06:09 – Joe and Patrick discuss actors that defy aging. They discuss Tom Cruise and Keanu Reeves. Dr. Patrick says that there are people with some genetic advantage.
Dr. Aubrey de Grey
2:08:00 – Dr. Patrick’s disagreements with Dr. de Grey. Dr. de Grey knows the literature behind aging yet disagrees with other documented cases. For example, there were studies done where people were given a 12oz can of soda or sugary beverage everyday. These subjects had shorter telomeres (a biomarker for aging) to a point where this corresponded to 4.6 years taken off of their lifespan. It is speculated that Dr. de Grey is interested in extending lifespan to a very large extent and therefore dismisses the short term benefits of proper nutrition.
2:10:00 – Stem cells. Joe got shots of stem cells from women’s placenta to aid his shoulder injury. He claims the results are “freakish; you heal like Wolverine”. Dr. Patrick thinks that placental stem cells are a gold mine because they posses a type of stem cells known as multi-potent stem cells which can form many other cells. Joe shouts out his doctor: Dr. Roddy McGee in Las Vegas who works at Total Sports Medicine. Applied Biologics is the company that freezes the placenta and the process [of injecting stem cells?] is called flowgraph amniotic fluid therapy.
2:13:21 – Bone broth and hydrolyzed collagen powder. Dr. Patrick adds hydrolyzed collagen powder to her smoothies and coffee. Joe also takes bone broth and Dr. Patricks thinks highly of it, but the discussion never picked up after that.