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Q. What is Agile Testing?
Agile Testing is a practice that a QA follows in a dynamic environment where testing requirements keep changing according to the customer needs. It is done parallel to the development activity where testing team receives frequent small codes from the development team for testing.
Q. What is the difference between burn-up and burn-down chart?
Burn-up and burn-down charts are used to keep track the progress of the project.
Burn-up charts represent how much work has been completed in any project whereas Burn-down chart represents the remaining work in a project.
Q. Define the roles in SCRUM?
There are mainly three roles that a Scrum team have:
Project Owner – who has the responsibility of managing product backlog. Works with end users and customers and provide proper requirement to the team to build the proper product.
Scrum Master – who works with scrum team to make sure each sprint gets complete on time. Scrum master ensure proper work flow to the team.
Scrum Team – Each member in the team should be self-organized, dedicated and responsible for high quality of the work.
Q. What is Product backlog & Sprint Backlog?
Product backlog is maintained by the project owner which contains every feature and requirement of the product.
Sprint backlog can be treated as subset of product backlog which contains features and requirements related to that particular sprint only.
Q. Explain Velocity in Agile?
Velocity is a metric that is calculated by addition of all efforts estimates associated with user stories completed in a iteration. It predicts how much work Agile can complete in a sprint and how much time will require to complete a project.
Q. Explain the difference between TRADITIONAL WATERFALL MODEL and Agile testing?
Agile testing is done parallel to the development activity whereas in traditional waterfall model testing is done at the end of the development.
As done in parallel, agile testing is done on small features whereas in waterfall model testing is done on whole application.
Q. Explain Pair Programming and its benefits?
Pair programming is a technique in which two programmer works as team in which one programmer writes code and other one reviews that code. They both can switch their roles.
Q. What is re-factoring?
Modification of the code without changing its functionality to improve the performance is called re-factoring.
Q. Explain the Iterative and Incremental Development in Agile?
Iterative Development: Software is developed and delivered to customer and based on the feedback again developed in cycles or release and sprints. Say in Release 1 software is developed in 5 sprints and delivered to customer. Now customer wants some changes, then development team plan for 2nd release which can be completed in some sprints and so on.
Incremental Development:Software is development in parts or increments. In each increment a portion of the complete requirement is delivered.
Q. How do you deal when requirements change frequently?
Work with PO to understand the exact requirement to update test cases. Also understand the risk in changing the requirement. Apart from this one should be able to write generic test plan and test cases. Don’t go for the automation until requirements are finalized.
Q. What is a test stub?
A small code which mimics a specific component in the system and can replace it. Its output is same as the component it replaces.
Q. What qualities should a good Agile tester have?
Q. What is difference between Epic, User stories & Tasks?
User Stories:User Stories defines the actual business requirement. Generally created by Business owner.
Task: To accomplish the business requirements development team create tasks.
Epic: A group of related user stories is called an Epic.
Q. What is a Task board in Agile?
Task board is dash board which shows progress of the project. It contains:
User Story: which has the actual business requirement.
To Do: Tasks that can be worked on.
In Progress: Tasks in progress.
To Verify: Tasks pending for verification or testing
Done: Completed tasks.
Q. What is Test Driven Development (TDD)?
It is Test-first development technique in which we add a test first before we write a complete production code. Next we run the test and based on the result refactor the code to fulfill the test requirement.
Q. How QA can add a value to an agile team?
QA can provide a value addition by thinking differently about the various scenarios to test a story. They can provide quick feedback to the developers whether new functionality is working fine or not.
Q. What is Scrum ban?
It is a software development model which is combination of scrum and kanban. Scrumban is considered for maintenance projects in which there are frequent changes or unexpected user stories. It can reduce the minimum completion time for user stories.
Q. What is Application Binary Interface?
Application Binary Interface or ABI defines an interface for complied application programs or we can say it describes the low level interface between an application and the operating system.
Q. What is Zero sprint in Agile?
It can be defined as pre step to the first sprint. Activities like setting development environment, preparing backlog etc needs to be done before starting of the first sprint and can be treated as Sprint zero.
Q. What is Spike?
There may be some technical issues or design problem in the project which needs to be resolved first. To provide the solution of these problem “Spikes” are created. Spikes are of two types- Functional and Technical.
Q. Name some Agile quality strategies.
Some Agile quality strategies are-
Q. What is importance of daily stand up meeting?
Daily stand up meeting is essential for any team in which-
Team discuss about how much work has been completed.
What are the plans to resolve technical issues.
What steps need to done to complete the projects etc.
Q. What is tracer bullet?
It can be defined as spike with the current architecture or the current set of best practices.
The purpose of a tracer bullet is to examine how an end-to-end process will work and examine feasibility.
If capacity is measured as a percentage of a 40 hours weeks then completed story points * team capacity
If capacity is measured in man hours then Completed story points / team capacity
Q. What is Agile manifesto?
Agile manifesto defines an iterative and people-centric approach to software development. It has basically 4 key values and 12 principals.
Q. As a tester what should be your approach when requirements change continuously?
When requirement keeps changing, continuously agile tester should take following approach
Q. List out the pros and cons of exploratory testing (used in Agile) and scripted testing?
|Exploratory Testing||It requires less preparation- Easy to modify when requirement changes- Works well when documentation is scarce||Presenting progress and Coverage to project management is difficult|
|Scripted Testing||In case testing against legal or regulatory requirements it is very useful||Test preparation is usually time-consuming- Same steps are tested over and again- When requirement changes it is difficult to modify|
Q. Explain the difference between Extreme programming and Scrum?
|Scrum||Extreme Programing (XP)|
|Scrum teams usually have to work in iterations called sprints which usually last up to two weeks to one month long||XP team works in iteration that last for one or two weeks|
|Scrum teams do not allow change into their sprints||XP teams are more flexible and change their iterations|
|In scrum, the product owner prioritizes the product backlog but the team decides the sequence in which they will develop the backlog items||XP team work in strict priority order, features developed are prioritized by the customer|
|Scrum does not prescribe any engineering practices||XP does prescribe engineering practices|
Q. What is an epic, user stories and task?
Epic: A customer described software feature that is itemized in the product backlog is known as epic. Epics are sub-divided into stories
User Stories: From the client perspective user stories are prepared which defines project or business functions, and it is delivered in a particular sprint as expected.
Task: Further down user stories are broken down into different task
Q. Explain what is re-factoring?
To improve the performance, the existing code is modified; this is re-factoring. During re-factoring the code functionality remains same
Q. Explain how you can measure the velocity of the sprint with varying team capacity?
When planning a sprint usually, the velocity of the sprint is measured on the basis of professional judgement based on historical data. However, the mathematical formula used to measure the velocity of the sprint are,
For our scenario second method is applicable.
Q. Mention the key difference between sprint backlog and product backlog?
Product backlog: It contains a list of all desired features and is owned by the product owner
Sprint backlog: It is a subset of the product backlog owned by development team and commits to deliver it in a sprint. It is created in Sprint Planning Meeting
Q. In Agile mention what is the difference between the Incremental and Iterative development?
Iterative: Iterative method is a continuous process of software development where the software development cycles are repeated (Sprint & Releases) till the final product is achieved.
Release 1: Sprint 1, 2… n
Release n: Sprint 1, 2….n
Incremental: Incremental development segregates the system functionality into increments or portions. In each increment, each segment of functionality is delivered through cross-discipline work, from the requirements to the deployment.
Q. Explain what is Spike and Zero sprint in Agile? What is the purpose of it?
Sprint Zero: It is introduced to perform some research before initiating the first sprint. Usually this sprint is used during the start of the project for activities like setting development environment, preparing product backlog and so on.
Test driven development or TDD is also known as test-driven design. In this method, developer first writes an automated test case which describes new function or improvement and then creates small codes to pass that test, and later re-factors the new code to meet the acceptable standards.
Q. Prototypes and Wireframes are widely used as part of?
Prototypes and Wireframes are prototypes that are widely used as part of Empirical Design
Q. Explain what is Application Binary Interface?
Across different system platforms and environments a specification defining requirements for portability of applications in binary form is known as Application Binary Interface
Q. Explain in Agile, burn-up and burn-down chart?
To track the project progress burnup and burn down, charts are used
Burnup Chart: It shows the progress of stories done over time
Burndown Chart: It shows how much work was left to do overtime
Q. Explain what is Scrum ban?
Scrum ban is a software development model based on Scrum and Kanban. It is specially designed for project that requires frequent maintenance, having unexpected user stories and programming errors. Using these approach, the team’s workflow is guided in a way that allows minimum completion time for each user story or programming error.
Q. What is story points/efforts/ scales?
It is used to discuss the difficulty of the story without assigning actual hours. The most common scale used is a Fibonacci sequence ( 1,2,3,5,8,13,….100) although some teams use linear scale (1,2,3,4….), Powers of 2 (1,2,4,8……) and cloth size (XS, S ,M,L, XL)
Q. Explain what is tracer bullet?
The tracer bullet is a spike with the current architecture, the current set of best practices, current technology set which results in production quality code. It is not a throw away code but might just be a narrow implementation of the functionality.
Q. What is a test stub?
A test stub is a small code that replaces an undeveloped or fully developed component within a system being tested. Test stub is designed in such a way that it mimics the actual component by generating specifically known outputs and substitute the actual component.
Q. What are the differences between RUP (Rational Unified Process) and Scrum methodologies?
|Formal Cycle is defined across four phases, but some workflows can be concurrent||Each sprint is a complete cycle|
|Formal project plan, associated with multiple iterations is used.||No end to end project plan. Each next iteration plan is determined at the end of the current iteration|
|Scope is predefined ahead of the project start and documented in the scope document. During the project, scope can be revised.||It uses a project backlog instead of scope scrum|
|Artifacts include Scope Document, formal functional requirements package, system architecture document, development plan, test scripts, etc.||Operational software is the only formal artifacts|
|Recommended for long term, large, enterprise level projects with medium to high complexity||Recommended for quick enhancements and organization that are not dependent on a deadline|
Q. Why Continuous Integration is important for Agile?
Continuous Integration is important for Agile for following reasons
Q. What testing is done during Agile?
The primary testing activities during Agile is automated unit testing and exploratory testing.
Though, depending on project requirements, a tester may execute Functional and Non-functional tests on the Application Under Test (AUT).
Q. Explain what is Velocity in Agile?
Velocity is a metric that is calculated by addition of all efforts estimates related with user stories completed in an iteration. It figures out how much work Agile can complete in a sprint and how much time will it need to finish a project.
Q. What are the qualities of a good Agile tester should have?
A good Agile tester should have following qualities
Q. Who are all involved in the Agile team?
In agile the two main leads are
Scrum Masters: It coordinates most of the inputs and outputs required for an agile program
Development Managers: They hire right people and develop them with the team
Q. Mention in detail what are the role’s of Scrum Master?
Scrum Master key responsibilities involves
Q. Mention what are the Agile quality strategies?
Agile quality strategies are
Q. Mention what are the Tools that can be useful for screenshots while working on Agile projects?
While working on Agile projects you can use tools like
Q. Mention what are the advantages of maintaining consistent iteration length throughout the project?
The advantages are
Q. If a timebox plan needs to be reprioritized who should re-prioritise it?
If a timebox plan needs to be reprioritized it should include whole team, product owner, and developers.
Q. Mention what should a burndown chart should highlight?
The burn-down chart shows the remaining work to complete before the timebox (iteration) ends.
Q. Mention what is the difference between Scrum and Agile?
Scrum: In the scrum, a sprint is a basic unit of development. Each sprint is followed by a planning meeting, where the tasks for the sprint are identified and estimated. During each sprint, the team creates finished portion of a product
Agile: In Agile, each iteration involves a team working through a full software development cycle, including planning, design, coding, requirement analysis, unit testing, and acceptance testing when a product is demonstrated to stakeholders
In simple words, Agile is the practice and scrum is the process to following this practice.
Q. Mention what are the challenges involved in AGILE software development?
Challenges involved in Agile Software development includes
Q. When not to use Agile?
Before using Agile methodology, you must ask following questions
Q. Explain how can you implement scrum in an easy way to your project?
These are the tips which can be helpful to implement scrum in your project
Q. Explain what does it mean by product roadmap?
A product roadmap is referred for the holistic view of product features that create the product vision.