Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Improving operations through an Enterprise Resource Planning system
There are a variety of challenges facing colleges and universities today. With shrinking public funding, many colleges and universities must rethink their operations to ensure that they are operating efficiently. Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) have an even more daunting task in a downturned economy because they are often underfunded and struggle to compete in the higher education environment. ^ As a way to ensure efficient and effective operations, many HBCUs have embraced using Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems to link their business processes together to enhance efficiency and to maximize use of scarce resources. A key question is how do HBCUs know if the ERP system is being used in a way that actually increases efficiency and effectiveness? ^ The focus of this dissertation is on the factors that affect the acceptance of technology (ERP systems) at six HBCUs using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the conceptual framework. Main statistical tools for analysis included structural equation modeling and multiple regression analysis. The key dependent variables measured behavioral intention to use the system as well as actual system use. A total of 351 responses were received from 1,097 potential respondents representing a response rate of 32%. ^ The results of the analyses showed that the TAM is an appropriate underlying framework for assessing the factors influencing adoption of ERP systems. Other variables like change management, leadership/management support, culture and self-efficacy were important variables that contributed to the basic TAM. A significant finding denoted that leadership/management support and culture indirectly influenced behavior intention and actual use but directly influenced change management. Another key finding was the significant differences that existed by the type of ERP system used. ^ The results of this research include not only the identification of the key variables that affect ERP system acceptance, but also suggest specific strategies for enhancing acceptance. The revised model adds to the body of knowledge by building onto the TAM additional factors that affect operational efficiencies in an I-IBCU setting. ^