File Name: donald rumsfeld known and unknown .zip
This saying is typically used to conduct risk management analysis by splitting the upcoming obstacles into 3 categories:.
- Known and Unknown: A Memoir
- Cognitive Knowledge
- Knowns and unknowns
- Classification of Unknowns and Risk Scenarios
Known and Unknown: A Memoir
We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. We geophysicists and geologists are generally not eager to compare ourselves with politicians. We are, after all, scientists who come to an understanding of nature from evidence of what is true rather from what we want to be true. In both the political and geophysical situations, definite conclusions need to be made despite the lack of hard and fast evidence.
Furthermore, in both cases the lack of definitive evidence is no reason for not clinging strongly to belief in the truth of the conclusions. Land seismic exploration can be a frustratingly inaccurate science. The seismic data is acquired with sources and receivers on the surface of the earth so the irregular, inhomogeneous, unconsolidated near-surface layers distort the wavefields going down from the sources as well as the reflected wavefields coming up to the receivers. The near-surface of the earth has a serious blurring effect on the image of the targets at depth that we really want to resolve clearly.
This we know. This is a known known. Decades-old surface-consistent methods allow the processor to turn these unknowns into knowns. However, the assumptions built into these methods are highly simplistic and in a strict sense are known to be false. As scientists, we need to be skeptical about our results in order not to fall into traps of irrational thinking. For example, we should not conclude that a surface-consistent solution is correct just because it makes the data look better. There are many ways to make the data look better for the wrong reasons.
So instead of being proud of our accomplishments, perhaps we are better off being skeptical that our accomplishments are as great as we think they are. There can always be unknown unknowns. There is a fourth category that Rumsfield did not mention: unknown knowns. We all have biases against evidence that comes in conflict with our previously held beliefs.
This is a natural tendency that protects us from the charlatans out there who try to sell us falsehoods. How, for example, can we possibly get more frequency bandwidth out of the earth than what we put in?
According to a recent LinkedIn survey, Millennials are twice as likely to switch jobs vs Gen X in the first 5 years after graduating college. And alongside major shifts in technology and business practices is growing perceived danger in the workforce. Plenty of resources are available for helping you pick a linear career path. Their goal was to de-risk their project by shifting more risks from the unknown into the known territory. There are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. Knowns and Unknowns, at its core, is a problem-solving tool for complex situations.
Department of Defense DoD news briefing on February 12, , about the lack of evidence linking the government of Iraq with the supply of weapons of mass destruction to terrorist groups. Reports that say that something hasn't happened are always interesting to me, because as we know, there are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns—the ones we don't know we don't know.
Risk is managed through developing design strategies that accommodate the least common denominator. Design should deal with any unforeseen changes through a neutral approach to the workplace. At the same time, organizations are facing the need to develop workplace design strategies that are more relevant to hiring and retaining their critical workforce. In the business environment, competition for talent is fierce and migrates across industries. Anticipatory design offers strategies for how to approach the development of a workplace that addresses these needs.
During the U. Department of Defense News briefing on February 12, , Secretary Donald Rumsfeld was asked to discuss if there was any evidence to indicate that Iraq had attempted to or was willing to supply terrorists with weapons of mass destruction.