So let's have a look at the individual parts
of the small intestine. We start off with the
duodenum. We can see here the duodenum, as
I have mentioned on the numerous occasions is
"C" shaped. We have got the
part of the stomach here
where you have got the pyloric sphincter,
so you have got the pylorus.
And that's allowing food to pass through,
once the pressure is built up in the stomach
food can pass through the pyloric sphincter
where it then enters into the
duodenum. Within the
duodenum you can see these
circular folds. And we
can recognize four parts
to the duodenum. We can recognize
four parts. We have got this
superior portion here. So we
have got this superior portion.
And then we have got this descending
part of the "C" that runs down in this direction.
This descending part, we have got a horizontal
part that sweeps back towards the left
And then we have got an
ascending part that runs up
and then becomes the
duodenojejunal flexure as
it is continuous with
the jejunum which then
starts in the upper left quadrant
and passes down to the lower right.
So we can see we got some
four parts of the duodenum
and these are called the superior, the
descending, horizontal, and the ascending.
Also sitting in this
concavity of the duodenum
is the head of the pancreas.
And we will see this again in
more detail when we look at the
pancreas in a later lecture.
The head of the pancreas actually
fills this concavity which
is a good location as it enables
the pancreatic juice to pass into
the duodenum. We see that over in this side
where we have a series of pancreatic ducts.
Taking pancreatic juice from the
pancreas and passing into the duodenum.
We can also see when we'll come across this
in more detail later on, we have this
arrangement with the gallbladder that's storing
bile. And we have series of hepatic ducts
and bile ducts taking bile from the
liver where it's produced, the gallbladder
where it's stored and allowing
that to pass into duodenum.
And it passes into the duodenum via
what's known as the duodenal papilla.
you have a major one
and you have a minor one.
So here we can see the various
anatomy of the duodenum.
Its four parts we can see again
on this diagram at the top.
We have got superior part,
descending part, horizontal part
and an ascending part. Here we have got the
stomach and we have got the jejunum.
Within the duodenum we have
got these circular folds
that again help to
increase the surface area.
And about half way down this horizontal
part, we have got the opening for
the major duodenal papilla. Slightly superior
to it, we've got opening
for the minor duodenal papilla. And these
allow the bile and the pancreatic juice
to enter into the duodenum to carry
out the process, to continue the process