Punto di partenza Adverbs describe how, when, and where actions take place. They modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Unlike adjectives, adverbs are invariable; they do not vary in gender or number. © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.
You’ve already learned some adverbs, such as (non) ancora, bene, male, già, (non) mai, sempre, and spesso. Here are other common adverbs. Ordiniamo subito l’antipasto? Shall we order the appetizer right away? Caterina non è più a dieta. Caterina is no longer on a diet. © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 2
feminine singular adjectiveMany Italian adverbs can be formed by adding -mente to the feminine singular form of an adjective. This ending is equivalent to -ly in English. feminine singular adjective adverb + -mente allegra frequente lenta rara veloce vera allegramente frequentemente lentamente raramente velocemente veramente cheerfully frequently slowly rarely quickly truly © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.
I bambini mangiano rapidamente. The children eat rapidly. L’ho vista recentemente. I saw her recently. © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.
If an adjective ends in -le or -re, drop the final -e before adding the -mente ending.Finalmente arriva l’antipasto. The appetizer is finally arriving. Probabilmente prendiamo il dolce. We’re probably getting dessert. Mangiano regolarmente alla mensa? Do they regularly eat at the cafeteria? La zuppa non è particolarmente saporita. The soup isn’t particularly tasty. © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.
There are some exceptions to these rules, such as leggermente and violentemente, whose forms must be memorized. © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.
Some words can act as either adjectives or adverbsSome words can act as either adjectives or adverbs. These include molto (a lot, many; very), poco (little, few; not much, not very), troppo (too much; too), and tanto (so much, so many; so). In Lezione 5A, you learned to use the adjective forms. Note that as adverbs their forms are invariable. adjective adverb Questo ristorante offre molte bibite. This restaurant offers many drinks. Il tè è molto buono. The tea is very good. Ci sono troppi dolci! There are too many desserts! I dolci sono troppo pesanti. The desserts are too heavy. © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.
Adverbs are usually placed immediately after the verb they modify, or before the adjective or adverb they modify. Bevo raramente il succo di mela. I rarely drink apple juice. Sono veramente piccanti. They are really spicy. © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.
In compound tenses, ancora, già, mai, più, and sempre always immediately precede the past participle. Non hai mai assaggiato il tiramisù? You have never tasted tiramisu? Ho già chiesto il conto. I have already asked for the check. © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.
Scrivi l’avverbio che corrisponde all’aggettivo dato. 1. lento ___________ 2. allegro ___________ 3. finale ___________ 4. rapido ___________ 5. raro ___________ 6. recente ___________ 7. intelligente ___________ 8. intenso ___________ 9. frequente ___________ 10. vero ___________ 11. probabile ___________ 12. veloce ___________ lentamente © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.
Punto di partenza A reflexive verb “reflects” the action of the verb back to the subject. The infinitive form of reflexives ends with the reflexive pronoun.
© and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.1B.3-1 Punto di partenza Use the verb essere with numbers to tell time.
Punto di partenza In Lezione 5A, you learned that a direct object answers the question what? or whom? An indirect object identifies to whom or for whom.
© and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.6A.3-1 Punto di partenza Use the adverb ci to mean there or to replace certain prepositional phrases. Use the pronoun.
Punto di partenza In Lezione 1A you learned the numbers 0–100. The chart below shows numbers above one hundred. © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.
Punto di partenza You have already learned some prepositions and prepositional contractions in Italian, such as di to show possession and alle when referring.
Punto di partenza Avere (To have) is an important and frequently used verb in Italian. Because it is an irregular verb, you will need to memorize its present.
© and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.1A.1-1 Punto di partenza A noun is a word that identifies a person, animal, place, thing, or idea. As in English,
© and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc.3A.1-1 Punto di partenza In both English and Italian, possessives express ownership or possession.