Presentation on theme: "Answers to Unit 5 Review: Hydrocarbons Acetylene: the common name for ethyne (C 2 H 2 ). Acyclic: an organic molecule that does not contain a cyclic structure."— Presentation transcript:
Answers to Unit 5 Review: Hydrocarbons Acetylene: the common name for ethyne (C 2 H 2 ). Acyclic: an organic molecule that does not contain a cyclic structure. Addition Reaction: A reaction in which a multiple bond is broken and new atoms are added to the carbons on either side of the multiple bond. Aliphatic: a hydrocarbon that does not contain benzene. Alkane: a hydrocarbon with only single bonds. Alkene: a hydrocarbon that has a double bond. Alkyne: a hydrocarbon that contains a triple bond. Aromatic: a molecule that contains benzene. Bond energy: the energy needed to break a bond (or the energy released when a bond forms).
Calorimeter: a device used to measure energy changes. A bomb calorimeter is a common type of calorimeter (consisting of a chamber, water, ignition wires, thermometer, stirrer, etc.). Cyclic: where atoms are bonded together in a circular or ring shape. Endothermic: a reaction in which energy is absorbed (thus, cooling the surroundings). Exothermic: a reaction in which energy is released (thus, heating the surroundings). Fractionation: (a.k.a. fractional distillation) where petroleum is refined. The petroleum is heated and molecules of similar sizes are extracted by cooling the vapour at a range of temperatures. Monomer: the smallest repeating unit of a polymer.
Organic chemistry: The study of carbon containing compounds with the exception of CO, CO 2, and ionic compounds that contain carbon. Petroleum: a mixture of organic molecules (mainly hydrocarbons) that is obtained via drilling. Polymer: a long molecule made up of many small, identical, repeating units. Saturated hydrocarbon: a hydrocarbon that does not have any double or triple bonds. Unsaturated hydrocarbon: a hydrocarbon that has double and/or triple bonds. Wöhler: he was the first person to synthesize an organic compound, showing that organic compounds are independent of life.
2.a) Alkanes: C n H 2n+2 3. b) Alkenes: C n H 2n c) Alkynes: C n H 2n-2 d) Cycloalkanes: CnH 2n 4.a) b) c) 5.a)2C 6 H 14 + 19O 2 14H 2 O + 12CO 2 (5a has only 1 solution - a ratio of 2:19:14:12) b)C 6 H 14 + 8O 2 7H 2 O + 3CO 2 + 3CO C 6 H 14 + 5O 2 7H 2 O + 3CO + 3C (there are many other possibilities for 5b)
6.a) b) c) d) e)2,5,5-trimethylheptane f)3-methylcyclohexene 7.a)not isomers - cyclopentane is C 5 H 10, pentane is C 5 H 12 b)structural isomers – same chemical formula, different IUPAC names c)geometric isomers – same formula and same name (except for cis/trans)
7.d) structural isomers – same formula but different IUPAC names (1,2… vs 1,3…) e)geometric isomers – cis-1-bromo-2-chlorethene versus trans-1-bromo-2chloroethene f) not isomers – they are the same molecule 8.Add Br 2 to each. Ethane will not react, ethene will discolour Br 2 (orange to colourless), a mole of ethyne will discolour twice as much Br 2 as a mole of ethene. 9.a) b) + Br-Br + + ->
9. a) b) Br-Br C-Br C-C C=C C-H released#required#kJ/molBond 16524 193 5762288 1931 348 25762459 117 kJ released 6141 16524413 1348 Br-Br C-Br C-C CC C-H released#required#kJ/molBond 8262 193 11524288 3862 348 23262051 275 kJ released 8391 8262413 1348