Combined use of RNAi and quantitative proteomics to study gene function in Drosophila.
ABSTRACT RNA interference is a powerful way to study gene function and is frequently combined with microarray analysis. Here we introduce a similar technology at the protein level by simultaneously applying Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino acids in Cell culture (SILAC) and RNA interference (RNAi) to Drosophila SL2 cells. After knockdown of ISWI, an ATP-hydrolyzing motor of different chromatin remodeling complexes, we obtained a quantitative proteome of more than 4,000 proteins. ISWI itself was reduced 10-fold as quantified by SILAC. Several hundred proteins were significantly regulated and clustered into distinct functional categories. Acf-1, a direct interaction partner of ISWI, is severely depleted at the protein, but not the transcript, level; this most likely results from reduced protein stability. We found little overall correlation between changes in the transcriptome and proteome with many protein changes unaccompanied by message changes. However, correlation was high for those mRNAs that changed significantly by microarray.
ABSTRACT: Mass spectrometry and cryo-electron tomography together enable the determination of the absolute and relative abundances of proteins and their localization, laying the groundwork for comprehensive systems analyses of cells.Genome biology 10/2009; 10(10):240. · 6.63 Impact Factor
Article: Proteomics analysis of human skeletal muscle reveals novel abnormalities in obesity and type 2 diabetes.[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is an early phenomenon in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Studies of insulin resistance usually are highly focused. However, approaches that give a more global picture of abnormalities in insulin resistance are useful in pointing out new directions for research. In previous studies, gene expression analyses show a coordinated pattern of reduction in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial gene expression in insulin resistance. However, changes in mRNA levels may not predict changes in protein abundance. An approach to identify global protein abundance changes involving the use of proteomics was used here. Muscle biopsies were obtained basally from lean, obese, and type 2 diabetic volunteers (n = 8 each); glucose clamps were used to assess insulin sensitivity. Muscle protein was subjected to mass spectrometry-based quantification using normalized spectral abundance factors. Of 1,218 proteins assigned, 400 were present in at least half of all subjects. Of these, 92 were altered by a factor of 2 in insulin resistance, and of those, 15 were significantly increased or decreased by ANOVA (P < 0.05). Analysis of protein sets revealed patterns of decreased abundance in mitochondrial proteins and altered abundance of proteins involved with cytoskeletal structure (desmin and alpha actinin-2 both decreased), chaperone function (TCP-1 subunits increased), and proteasome subunits (increased). The results confirm the reduction in mitochondrial proteins in insulin-resistant muscle and suggest that changes in muscle structure, protein degradation, and folding also characterize insulin resistance.Diabetes 10/2009; 59(1):33-42. · 8.29 Impact Factor
ABSTRACT: Because they are obligate intracellular parasites, all viruses are exclusively and intimately dependent upon host cells for replication. Viruses, in turn, induce profound changes within cells, including apoptosis, morphological changes, and activation of signaling pathways. Many of these alterations have been analyzed by gene arrays, which measure the cellular "transcriptome." Until recently, it has not been possible to extend comparable types of studies to globally examine all the host cellular proteins, which are the actual effector molecules. We have used stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), combined with high-throughput two-dimensional (2-D) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/mass spectrometry, to determine quantitative differences in host proteins after infection of human lung A549 cells with human influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) for 24 h. Of the 4,689 identified and measured cytosolic protein pairs, 127 were significantly upregulated at >95% confidence, 153 were significantly downregulated at >95% confidence, and a total of 87 proteins were upregulated or downregulated more than 5-fold at >99% confidence. Gene ontology and pathway analyses indicated differentially regulated proteins and included those involved in host cell immunity and antigen presentation, cell adhesion, metabolism, protein function, signal transduction, and transcription pathways.Journal of Virology 10/2010; 84(20):10888-906. · 5.40 Impact Factor