National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, HHS.
Licensing information and copies of the U.S. patent applications listed below may be obtained by writing to the indicated licensing contact at the Office of Technology Transfer, National Institutes of Health, 6011 Executive Boulevard, Suite 325, Rockville, Maryland 20852-3804; telephone: 301/496-7057; fax: 301/402-0220. A signed Confidential Disclosure Agreement will be required to receive copies of the patent applications.
T-Cell Enumeration Using Dried Blood Spots as a Surrogate for CD4+ T-Cell Counts To Monitor HIV+ Patients
Description of Technology: Available for licensing and commercial development is a novel method for enumerating T-cells in HIV+ patients using dried blood spots, avoiding the need for fresh blood samples. The method relies on the distinctive nature of the TCR-β gene, which undergoes a rearrangement during T-cell development that is required to produce a functional T-cell receptor protein. Since only mature T-cells contain a rearranged TCR-β gene, the method quantifies the number of T-cells in a patient sample by quantifying the number of cells that contain a rearranged TCR-β gene. In addition to dried blood spots, the assay can be also used with a wide variety of sample types from which T-cell counts were previously impossible to obtain, such as swabs and tissue slides. In addition, this method can be used for monitoring of a variety of T-cell leukemias/lymphomas, and easily adapted to monitor B-cell levels found in B-cell leukemias/lymphomas.
The assay was found to accurately predict TCR-β levels (r=0.985, p<0.0001), and to correlate well with known CD4 counts (r=0.670, p<0.0001). Therefore, this novel method can be used to monitor HIV infection in order to determine antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and monitoring. A large international effort has been made to provide ART to the more then 33 million HIV+ people worldwide, but significant hurdles remain to large-scale implementation due to the lack of medical and laboratory infrastructure found in the developing world, where the majority of HIV+ individuals are found. In particular, a CD4 count, which requires fresh whole blood, a reliable cold-transport chain, and an expensive FACS based reader, is required to monitor patients and determine ART initiation. This requirement has become one of the largest impediments to expanding ART around the world. Therefore, this novel method provides a superior functional assay for HIV disease staging that does not require cold storage or fresh sample processing. Dried blood spots are an ideal sample collection method for large scale monitoring in the developing world due to the relatively simple manner in which samples can be obtained and the high stability of the sample in the absence of refrigeration. This method provides an easier and less expensive method for HIV monitoring for the developing world, and could be also used as an at home monitoring system for HIV-infected patients in developed countries.
Development Status: Fully developed and testing in HIV+ subjects has been performed with successful results.
Inventors: Andrew D. Redd and Thomas C. Quinn (NIAID).
Relevant Publication: A manuscript describing the above technology will be available as soon as it is accepted for publication.
Patent Status: U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/131,954, filed 12 June 2008, entitled “Monitoring TCR-β to Determine HIV Therapy and Disease Progression” (HHS Reference No. E-203-2008/0-US-01).
Description of Technology: Available for licensing and commercial development are methods of diagnosing exposure to gamma radiation in a mammal. Gamma radiation has both short-term and long-term adverse health effects including cancer. Urine samples collected from exposed mouse models irradiated at 0, 3, and 8 Gy (2.57 Gy/min) were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOFMS). Statistical analysis revealed that the following metabolomic markers were associated with exposure: 2′-deoxyxanthosine, xanthosine, 2′-deoxyuridine, 2′-deoxycytidine, N-hexanoylglycine and P-thymidine are urinary biomarkers of 3 and 8 Gy exposure. 3-hydroxy-2-methylbenzoic acid 3-O-sulfate and xanthine are elevated in urine of mice exposed to 3 but not 8 Gy, and taurine is elevated after 8 but not 3 Gy exposure.