Footprints of Italian Prisoners of War in Australia
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Tag Archives: Italian POWs Queen Mary
Memories Crafted in Wood
Two Italian prisoners of war were taken to the farm of JB Townsend (Jack) at Glen Alpin via Stanthorpe on the 14th March 1944. While the archiving of files relating to Italian prisoners of war is a little ad hoc, once you find the documents, one realises that the Army clerks did keep immaculate records.
Movement of Prisoner of War
(NAA: BP242/1, Q43299)
Both Isidoro De Blasi and Rosario Morello (Marello) came to Australia onboard the first transport of Italian POWs, the Queen Mary* arriving in Sydney on the 27th May 1941. They were in the first group of 2016 Italian POWs to take up residence at Hay PW & I Camp.
Isidoro De Blasi was a barber from Alcamo Trapani and Rosario Morelli was a baker from Militello in Val di Catania.
Esme Colley (nee Townsend) remembers the men and snippets of memories about their time living on their Glen Aplin farm. She recalls the rings that were made from Australia coins, the fox that was skinned and left in the river for 3 days to soften (and was later made into a delicious stew), the Italian family behind them who befriended these Italian workers and Rosario who later returned to the Stanthorpe district with his family.
Rosario continues to be remembered by the Townsend family because he returned to the Stanthorpe district post war, but he also left the family with tangible mementos: three items crafted in wood. The turret of the tank rotates, and motifs of angels, lions and Australian wildlife adorn the wooden gifts. And carefully carved in timber are the words Camp 8 HAY, Morello R. P.O.W.
Wooden Items carved by Rosario Morello
(Photos courtesy of Esme Colley (nee Townsend))
Rosario Morello's story is part of Echoes of Italian Voices: Family Histories from Queensland's Granite Belt written by Franco and Morwenna Arcidiacono. Extract from 'The Morello Family': "When Rosario Morello was captured in Tobruk in north Africa he became a Prisoner of War (POW). He was subsequently sent to far off Australia and the course of his life changed forever. In 1941, when Rosario arrived on these foreign shores he could not have imagined that Australia would become his home and the country where he would eventually raise his family." Sacrifices were made by Rosario, his wife Carmela and their children and in time hard work and saving of money had the family transition from labouring and renting to farm owners. Within six years of Rosario's return to Australia he owned his farm, cultivated scrub to increase farm yields and had built a new home for his family. In time, the farm became Red Rosella one of the Granite Belt's large family vegetable growing enterprises.
Hay, NSW. 9 September 1943. Group of Italian prisoners of war (POW) interned at No. 6 POW Group. In this group are known to be: 46032 Raffaele Lomonaco; 46627 Giuseppe Restivo; 46007 Antonio Lumia; 45586 Isidoro De Blasi; 46206 Gaetano Mineo; 45360 Giuseppe Cannata; 45103 Leonardo Barbera; 45997 Pietro Lomonte; 46221 Antonio Rondi and 47999 Leonardo Ciaccio. Note: The number is an assigned POW number. (AWM Image 030143/33 Photographer Lewecki)
Isidoro De Blasi is one of the men in the Hay photo. At the time of the photo, he is 24 years old 5' 6" and average build (150lbs at time of arrival in Australia). Like many of the Italian POWs, they are almost forgotten or their faces remain unidentified as is the case in this photo. We know that the second man kneeling on the left is Antonino Lumia as his grandson Damiano Lumia has acknowledged him. The list of names therefore bears no resemblance to placement of men.
Hopefully, one day, Isidoro's family will find his face amongst this group of 10 men and find a context to their grandfather's time as a prisoner of war in Australia. And the Townsend family can be introduced to Isidoro again.
*On the army register of Italian POWs onboard the Queen Mary Rosario Morello is number 661 and Isidoro De Blasi is number 1833. The list of the names of the first 2016 Italian prisoners of war is a reminder of the large numbers who were sent to Australiafor the duration of the war. In total, some 18,000 Italian POWs worked and lived across the six states of Australia from 1941-1947.
Register of Queen Mary May 1941
(NAA:PP 482/1, 16)
This entry was posted in Outside of Queensland, Q1 PWCC Stanthorpe, Queensland Italian POWs and tagged Isidoro De Blasi, Isidoro De Blasi from Alcamo Trapani, Italian POWs in Australia, Italian POWs Queen Mary, Italian Prisoner of War in Australia, Q1 PWCC Stanthorpe, Q1 Stanthorpe, Queen Mary Italian POWs, Queen Mary Sydney May 1941, Queen Mary transport ship Italian prisoners of war to Australia, Rosario Morello, Rosario Morello from Militello in Val di Catania on November 6, 2019 by JoanneinTownsville.
Wide Variety of Uniforms
Photos are from the Australian War Memorial Collection taken at Cowra and Murchison 1944-1945
On 16th August 1941, the second transport of Italian prisoners of war arrived in Sydney on board the Queen Mary. What caught the attention of the press was the odd assortment of clothing that the Italians wore. There were 817 Italian prisoners of war consisting of 405 officers and 412 ordinary ranks. German prisoners of war also arrived into Australia on this transport.
Italians Down Under is a newsreel film taken in 1941. Watch this clip as Italian prisoners of war alight from a Sydney ferry onto the wharf and then step onto trains.
Italo Rossi M/E 68057 Photo taken in India
BIG BATCH OF ITALIAN WAR PRISONERS HERE
from Sun (Sydney, NSW: 1910-1954), Saturday 16 August 1941, page 3
Clad in an amazing variety of uniforms and headgear, a big batch of Italian prisoners of war – officers, N.C.O.'s and other ranks – has arrived in Sydney.
The party presented a remarkable contrast to that which arrived a few months ago.
Many to-day were in high spirits, and their demeanour indicated that they were not at all reluctant to 'take up residence' on Australian soil.
Several laughed and joked as they boarded the train that was to take them to their internment camp. Two defiantly gave the Fascist salute.
All of the first party to land were officers and among them were several airmen and one wearing dark blue naval uniform.
Sartorial honours went to a tall Italian who walked nonchalantly along the wharf clad in a sweeping dark blue cloak with scarlet lining and frogs.
An Alpini wore a slouch Tyrolean hat with a long feather and a grey well-cut uniform with thick woollen socks.
Headgear ranged from orthodox military caps to pith helmets and from blue woollen berets to improvised black felt skull caps. Some retained traces of smartness in high-fronted peak caps of the Nazi types.
Taste in knee boots inclined towards the exotic in some instances. One officer wore gaiter-like coverings on his legs of a beige tint.
Knickers and Sandshoes
At the other end of the scale was an Italian in plain grey knickerbockers with white sandshoes. Two wore dark eyeshades.
Mufflers ran the gamut of the colour range contrasting strangely with battered pith helmets and war-stained uniforms.
Many of the prisoners grinned cheerfully at cameramen but one was camera-shy.
He walked the full distance from the disembarkation point to the waiting train with a cardboard carton draped around his head and shoulders.
On the wharf was a high pile of luggage. The Italians had come well prepared for their stay in Australia. Several portmanteau and tarpaulin sheets covering them were camouflaged.
The rangers carried blankets and tin panikins. A number were only youngsters.
Several carried improvised draught boards and two started a game with pieces cut from a broom handle.
Medical Precautions
Exhaustive precautions to guard against the prisoners bringing dysentery to Australia were taken before the ship arrived. Medical officers went aboard and carefully examined the medical history of every prisoner.
Elaborate arrangements had been made to have the men quarantined if this had been found necessary.
The Army Director-General of Hygiene made a special trip to Sydney to study the health situation before the prisoners landed. Arrangements were made for the prisoners to be given meals on the train and they were accompanied by their own medical officers, as well as by Australian army medical men.
Panniers of medical stores were taken on the train to guard against illness on the journey.
Half a dozen of the prisoners who were ill were taken direct from the wharf to an ambulance and then to hospital.
The photo below was taken in summer at Cowra. It shows the men some two and half years later and the odd assortment of clothing they wore. Footwear consisted of sandals (possibly hand made), boots and high boots. Clothing varied with tee shirts, buttoned shirts and safari suit tops of various colours being part of the Italians' wardrobes.
Cowra, NSW. 6 February 1944. Group of Italian prisoners of war (POWs) interned at No. 12 POW Group. Back row, left to right: 49115 C. Trentino; 49354 G. Ippolito; 49592 A. Poggi; 49107 G. Zunino; 48833 R. Bartoli; 49212 R. Papini; 48863 S. De Micco. Front row: 48939 A. Leto; 49172 A. Mandrini; 57531 B. Protano; 49923 F. Carlone; 45196 A. Ciofani. Note: The number is an assigned POW number.
(Australia War Memorial: Geoffrey McInnes, Image 030173/11)
This entry was posted in Cowra PW & I Camp, Hay PW Camp, New South Wales Italian POWS and tagged Italian POWs, Italian POWs Queen Mary, Italian Prisoner of War in Australia, Italian Prisoners of War, Italian Prisoners of War in Queensland, Italian Prisoners of War India, Italian Prisoners of War Middle East to Sydney Australia, Italian Prisoners of War Queen Mary, Prigionieri di guerra italiani in Australia, Prigionieri di guerra italiani in Queensland, Queen Mary Italian POWs, Queen Mary transport ship Italian prisoners of war to Australia on September 11, 2019 by JoanneinTownsville.
Queen Mary's First Italian POWs
Also on board were 6 budgerigars, 7 canaries and 1 parrot
Here are photos of the Queen Mary as she sailed into Sydney Harbour bringing to Australia the first group of Italian prisoners of war. For 2016 Italian families, these photos are a very personal connection to their father or grandfather's arrival to Australia.
While the men shown in the photos, would more than likely have been armed forces personal from Australian and New Zealand, the images none-the-less reflect the moments of sailing in to Sydney Harbour and arriving at a destination, far away from the battles of Libya.
Sydney, NSW. Troops line the rails on board the troop transport ship Queen Mary as she arrives at the wharf to embark troops for overseas service. C. May 1941 (AWM Image 007205 Photographer Unknown)
Sydney siders were used to seeing the Queen Mary enter the harbour as she had already made many journeys to and from Sydney carrying troops and passengers: Trincomalee (Ceylon), Bombay (India), Singapore and Suez (Egypt).
Sydney, NSW. Bow view of the troopship Queen Mary being escorted by tugs as she enters the harbour to embark troops for service overseas. c. May 1941 (AWM Image 007210 Photographer Unknown)
Service and Casualty Forms can be a bit of a puzzle. Italian prisoners of war in the first group to arrive in Australia, will have the same two lines as below. Q.M. = Queen Mary. And technically, while they were captured in Libya, they embarked at Suez. From Sydney they were trained to Hay Prisoner of War and Internment Camp.
The photos of the Queen Mary taken by an Australian Official Photographer add the description: Sydney, NSW. Bow view of the troopship Queen Mary as she enters the harbour to embark troops for overseas service. c. May 1941. This series of photographs are part of the Australian War Memorial collection. There was much secrecy surrounding the transport movements from and to Australia during WW2. It is therefore not surprising that there is no mention of Italian prisoners of war.
c. May 1941 Sydney, NSW. Bow view of the troopship Queen Mary as she enters the harbour to embark troops for overseas service. (AWM Image 007209 Photographer Unknown)
The lists of passengers onboard this voyage of the Queen Mary are available from the National Archives of Australia. The document's title is QUEEN MARY [Departed Middle East 6th May 1941, arrived Fremantle 21 May 1941 – nominal rolls of passengers] [inlcudes lists of Italian prisoners of war, AIF, RAN, NZEF, RAF, ACCS and UWCA personnel embarked Middle East for return to Australia] NAA: PP482/1, 16
There were 3088 people onboard: 761 crew, 290 troops, 2016 prisoners of war, 15 civilians, 6 D.B.S. Immigration also noted that there were 6 budgerigars, 7 canaries and 1 parrot.
Interesting notations on some of the documentation for troop transports are H.T. "N.N." H.T. "K.K." H.T. "L.L." H.T. "P.P." The names of the ships have been omitted and one reference states that 'details have been excluded which might compromise the convey'. This seems to be the case for transports for Queen Mary, Queen Elizabeth, Mauretania and Aquatania voyages; likely reason for non disclosure of ship's name is secrecy of troop movement.
H.T. "N.N." voyage from Suez to Sydney in May – June 1941 offers an insight into conditions onboard the transport ships. On this voyage, which left Suez 24th May 1941 and arrived in Sydney 15th June 1941, 1000 Italian prisoners of war were boarded and who were to be disembarked at Trimcomalee: "22nd May 1941 1,000 Italian prisoners of war were brought on to the ship with what appeared to be a rather inadequate guard of 130 Ciganlese troops under the command of two British Officers. The prisoners, however were small, and for the most part very young, and seem thoroughly dispirited… During the severe heat of the voyage from Suez, it had been necessary to bring the prisoners on deck during the day and allow them to sleep there at night." AWM2018.8.411
Part of this journey's report are general comments about the hammocks and washing. The daughter of one Italian prisoner of war remembers her father saying that while they were on a luxury liner, in his case Queen Elizabeth, the toilets could not cope with the number of men onboard these transports and they would have to walk through ankle deep sewerage, a most unpleasant and unhygienic situation.
HAMMOCKS:
Hammocks, instead of bunks, were alloted in certain sections, and those troops allocated to them suffered considerable discomfort owing to overcrowding and lack of ventilatiohn. The rows of hammocks overlapped at both ends so that a man lay with a pair of feet on each side of his head. this was particularly unpleasant in the hot weather. In addition, the hammocks were slung very close to the ceiling where the foul air accumulated… Owing to the manner in which it was necessary to tie the hammocks in order to hand them so close together, they could not be taken down during the day, with the result that it was impossible to walk upright in the hammock sections.
WASHING OF CLOTHES:
The washing and drying on men's clothing presented many difficulties. It was not possible to supply fresh water for this purpose, but an issue from the Comforts Fund of soap that would lather in salt water helped matters considerably… Almost the only place where clothing could be washed was the baths and wash basins, and after that there was the problem of drying the garments. Quantities of damp clothing hanging in sleeping quarters increased the already high degree of humidity, but if hung on deck a man had to stand by his clothes until they dried, otherwise there was the danger of them blowing overboard or being stolen. Drying in the sleepign quarters appeared to be the lesser evil. AWM2018.8.411
This entry was posted in Hay PW Camp and tagged Italian POWs Queen Mary, Italian Prisoners of War Queen Mary, Prigionieri di guerra italiani in Australia, Prigionieri di guerra italiani Queen Mary, Queen Mary Italian POWs, Queen Mary Sydney May 1941, Queen Mary transport ship Italian prisoners of war to Australia, Queen Mary Troopship Sydney May 1941 on September 4, 2019 by JoanneinTownsville.
Capture.Surrender.Imprisonment
North Africa.QueenMary.Australia
The North African Campaign began in June 1940. The Italian soldiers were in the main conscripted who had undergone the most basic of training. Not only were food and water in short supply by weaponry was inferior to that of the Allies, tactical attacks not supported by aerial and navy divisions and provision of armaments was slow to appear.
Antonino Lumia has had his memories of being a soldier in the Italian army and prisoner of war in Australia recorded for posterity. Lumia's words were recorded by his grandson Damiano and can be heard via YouTube, Antonino Lumia POW in Australia 1941-1946.
This recording is an invaluable insight into the personal experiences of the ordinary men who were caught up in the politics of war. Lumia had his 28th birthday in the north African desert and was captured at Tobruk.
Special acknowledgement to Damiano Lumia for allowing for his work and the words of Antonino to be reproduced here as part of this project. His assistance is invaluable as these memories provide depth and perspective for this history.
Antonino Lumia was captured at Tobruk 22nd January 1941
Antonino Lumia reminsices :
We took a white sheet. Sign of surrender. We hijacked our guns. Unlike the enemy.
Very soon after the tanks …… we could hear: "come! Come! Come! We are there, prisoners!
Everyone took his things. One can. A piece of bread. The captain shared the stocks.
They surrounded us like sheep. A tank in front of us … another behind. And we all, prisoners, in column. When the English and the Australians arrived … … to our captain … … they confiscated the watch, its binoculars …… his belt, his weapon. All our watches were confiscated.
To some soldiers their wallets, personal photographs. We walked towards their lines.
We were locked up in an airport. Not food. No water.
Tobruk, Libya. 1941-03 to 1941-06. Originally an Italian ammunition storage area this section was converted into a prisoner of war cage after the first battle. It held as many as 15,000 prisoners at a time. Litter in the picture includes cast-off clothing and empty 'bully-beef' tins. Two members of the 'Olds and Bolds', 1st Australian Corps Guard Battalion, in their temporary camp in the area.
(Australia War Memorial, Image 020079)
Encircled by tanks …
… if one of our soldiers approached the barriers he risked being killed. When we walked … dead on the side of the road. Close to me a corpse. Lying on the side of the road. Forbidden to approach it.
If we dared to do it, from the top of their tanks … a shot …… our turn to be killed.
They shut us in at this airport. 140000 men. No place to sleep. 140000 men … 140000 men …
No food. No water. The next day, some cried. Others said, "I shall never see my wife again."
"I will never see my daughter again." Discouraged. One of our Sergeant Major …… only son …
… born in Vittoria …… his mother treated him like a young lady. He was crying. "If my mother knew it."
"In what condition I am". He was wearing a scarf. Sand everywhere on him.
There the sand flew very high. When some of us started dying … … the British collected seawater in petrol cans. The drinking-water cisterns had been destroyed by us, Italian.
They were all made to explode, so as not to give them to the enemy. They brought sea water.
They lined the barrels of oil, full of sea water. A hundred barrels. Threatened by their weapons, they were grouped together. "First line, kneeling!" We walked on our knees.
"Line number two, on your knees!" They formed about fifty lines. I did not have a container.
I got near the barrels. In my throat bits of sand. I began to drink despite the oil that floated on the sea water. An armed Australian was looking at me. "No good! No good!"
Not good … I just stood up. Regardless of oil, sea water … … I had a saucepan … … I fill it and go back to those who had drunk. I detached my military insignia. Two green and red bands.
I made a cross on my clothes with the insignia. I wanted to make them believe I was a nurse.
"This one can pass …" "He will help us, transport the sick …"
Bardia, Libya. 1941-01-04. An Italian prisoner of war (POW) posing with a stretcher bearer at a dressing station operated by the 6th Division. (Original housed in AWM Archive Store)
(Australian War Memorial, Image P02038.080)
I crossed their lines thanks to the badge of the red cross. Again I approach the barrels. I take an Italian soldier over me. "Pretend to be dead"
We'll drink again! I lifted this stranger on my shoulders. With this stratagem, I made several round trips. I drank and gave drink to the "sick". I made three trips.
I've never had so much water. I was overjoyed. Despite the traces of oil.
At night we lay down on the ground. If it was raining or cold … … with a blanket we gathered to four …
… our breaths warmed us. Eight days of this life. Bitter as the poison. Lice … … our clothes were filled …… our flesh were bloody … scratching lesions.
One morning, very early, they woke us up with their weapons. I said to my cousin, "Standing, let's see where they take us." A group of 2,000 soldiers came out. Again a march, framed by soldiers.
Head towards the port of Tobruk. In the port there were their kitchens. On the ground there were orange peel. Lemon peel.I fill my pockets.It's always there to feed me. From time to time I ate a peel.
I ate everything. The sand, the bark of fruit. On a boat, we joined the ship, 20 soldiers at a time.
It was a food transport ship. They grouped us in 3 holds. No water. No toilets.
Everyone went to the toilet in front of the others. Luckily they kept the light. The ship went away.
arrival in Egypt. Ready to disembark.
We were on deck. The Egyptians insult us: "Mussolini … Mussolini .. to death!" The English intervened. They beat them with their truncheons. "Leave them alone … they are hungry, are full of lice …". We got off the ship.On trucks, we traveled inside the country. They grouped us in tents.
Near the sea. Meat arrived in their kitchen. Their military doctor said: "This meat is infected …
… forbidden to share with the prisoners ".They buried everything. I and my cousin have observed everything. A semi-raw meat, potatoes … That night, cousin … At nightfall, kneeling, in the sand, …
A potato was found. It's here, cousin. We filled our towels, headed for the tent.
The next day, it was washed 20 times. Sand …It was cooked with a little water …
We mixed everything with our daily pasta. That was delicious.
I had received 35 cigarettes for a week. I am not a smoker. You smoke? Here's this. Give me your bread.
After 8 days, in Egypt, passage to the baths.The goal was to decontaminate us. We changed clothes.
We went back to the canal. Mussolini paid very dearly for the passing of his people. Indian soldiers arrived.
An Indian soldier guards a group of Italian prisoners near El Adem aerodrome, during the pursuit of Axis forces westwards after the relief of Tobruk.
(Imperial War Museum, Image E7180)
8 of us had been designated to clean up their garrison. Clean the toilet, pass the brush, collect garbage …I say to my cousin: "Let's go …… maybe we could eat. I took a big wipe. Around my belt. Cousin, let's see if there is food.
When we had finished cleaning, the guard gave us a cigarette each. As I did not smoke, I gave it to my cousin. We observed that they threw their waste into a barrel. I stretched my wipe.
I plunge my hands into their trash. I plunge my hands, and lifts this mud. Very acid.
He was warmed up between soldiers. We were hungry. Each day eight pasta and a piece of bread were received. I ran away with the towel. The guard said, "That's not good!" … Shut up.
For you it is not good. For me it is excellent. In the tent I cut this mud with my knife.
I stirred up all this with our meal.
After eight days. Head towards the Suez Canal. We embarked (Queen Mary)
I asked, "Where are we going?" … "we do not know, perhaps in the United States, or in India …".
I'll see where we'll end up. On this ship they ate.
A ship carrying 15,000 men. Each had his bed.I got on deck. I was walking. When my cousin came. He wore a towel filled with bread.He had cleaned the beautiful walls of the boat. He took all the loaves. I saw him on the deck of the boat: "come cousin …"We sat on the floor. And we ate.
Order was given to walk barefoot on the boat.The shoes damaged the floor.
It was a luxury ship. A captain came to meet us. "Come, come." What does this man want? Lets go see… We needed follow-up. We went down the stairs. A commander was waiting for us, as well as an Italian interpreter.
The commander tells us: "I have ordered you to walk barefoot, and you, abusively, wear your shoes!"
But I can not walk barefoot. Give us sandals … The sergeant major thought I was standing up to the interpreter. He shouted, "Shut up!"
In the main mess hall on board the SS QUEEN MARY (formerly the First Class dining saloon) where more than 2,000 troops can be fed at one sitting. In peacetime it used to take 800 First Class passengers but now sittings go on from 6 am till 9 pm.
(Imperial War Museum, Coote, R.G.G. (Lt) Image A25924)
Give us our sanction. If it's impossible to express why we drove here? We were following the sentinel. They gave us white blankets. Beautiful covers with silk edges. He leads us to the front of the ship, where the chimney is. He locked us in a room full of soot. We lay down on our blankets.
We'll see tomorrow morning … The next morning they brought us a half bucket of coffee.
No bread, nothing else.We split the bucket.
After 24 hours of confinement … … we went out …
My cousin looked at me and said, "you are blackened from head to toe"
My dear cousin, if I am blackened, you are in a totally indescribable state!
We slept in the soot.The blankets had become black …We went back to our beds.
One day a prisoner died on board. They packed it in a bag and thrown it into the water.The priest took his papers. Queen Mary.
We arrived in Australia.
Italian Prisoners of War – Italian prisoners of war bound for a prisoner-of-war camp, disembarking following their arrival in Australia.
(National Archives of Australia, NAA: A11663, PA 189)
This entry was posted in Italian POWs and family, Outside of Queensland, Q3 PWCC Gympie and tagged Antonino Lumia, Antonino Lumia POW in Australia 1941-1946, Italian POWs, Italian POWs Bangalore India, Italian POWs India, Italian POWs Libya, Italian POWs Port Said, Italian POWs Queen Mary, Italian POWs Suez Canal, Italian POWs Tobruk, Italian Prisoner of War in Australia, Italian Prisoners of War, Italian Prisoners of war Australia, Italian Prisoners of War in Queensland, Italian Prisoners of War India, Italian soldiers Bardia, Prigionieri di guerra italiani in Australia, Prigionieri di guerra italiani in Queensland on August 12, 2019 by JoanneinTownsville.
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Made by his Hands
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Permission to Marry
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Queensland Regions
Queensland Regions Select Category Civil Aliens Corps Cowra PW & I Camp Gaythorne PW&I Camp Hay PW Camp Italian Internees Italian POWs and family Italian Prisoners of War India Italian Prisoners of War North Africa Marrinup PW Camp No. 16 Murchison PW & I Camp New South Wales Italian POWS Outside of Queensland Q1 PWCC Stanthorpe Q10 PWCC Boonah Q2 PWCC Nambour Q3 PWCC Gympie Q4 PWCC Gayndah Q5 PWCC Texas Q6 PWC Hostel Home Hill Q7 PWCC Kenilworth Q8 PWCC Kingaroy Q9 PWCC Monto Queensland Italian POWs Repatriation South Australia Italian POWs Tasmania Italian POWs Temporary PWCC Atherton Victoria Italian POWs Western Australia Italian POWs
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Prigionieri di Guerra Italiani in Australia