What is a carbonate budget?
Edinger et al. 2000. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40(5): 404-425.
over the last 50 years?
When will reef structure degrade?
Recent observations indicate presence of new colonies of A. palmata in many areas (e.g., St Croix, Jamaica, Puerto Rico30-32).
from 0.8% to 30% (accompanied by a living coral cover of 20%), and a conservative estimate Diadema increase to one urchin m-2.
powerful grazing bioeroders – especially on poor quality reefs - may not have the positive impacts hoped for.
framework could be lost (298 kg CaCO3).