Compliance & Equity Office
Student Sexual Misconduct Policy and Procedure
Sexual Misconduct Policy
Policy Prohibiting Title IX Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Harassment
Student Harassment and Misconduct Grievance/Complaint Procedure
Title: Policy Prohibiting TItle IX Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Harassment
Effective Date: August 2011
Revision Date: August 16, 2021
Responsible Office: Dean of Students/Compliance & Equity
I. Scope
This policy applies to William & Mary as a whole university, including the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. It applies to all members of the university community, including faculty, staff and students. This policy also applies to contractors, vendors, and other third parties. It is William & Mary policy to prohibit acts of Title IX Sexual Harassment as defined by applicable federal regulations. In addition to this policy, the university's Policy Prohibiting Discrimination, Discriminatory Harassment, Retaliation and Sexual Misconduct ("Discrimination Policy") collectively define conduct expectations relating to all discrimination for faculty, staff and students and for third parties, and the respective complaint procedures [1] provide notice of the applicable university response.
Officially recognized organizations, such as student organizations, are subject to this policy provided that, to the extent permitted by law, social organizations such as fraternities and sororities may restrict membership to members of the same sex, and organizations whose primary purpose is religious or political may restrict their membership to those members of the university community who have similar beliefs or political affiliations. [2]
This policy prohibits Title IX sexual harassment, including gender-based harassment, by faculty, staff and students and by third parties when that conduct occurs in the United States and:
occurs on campus or property owned or controlled by the university (university property);
occurs in the context of a university employment or educational program or activity including, but not limited to, university-sponsored research, or internship programs;
occurs in circumstances in which the university exercised substantial control over both the respondent and the context in which the conduct occurred.
Sexual misconduct not meeting the definition of Title IX sexual harassment and not occurring in the above jurisdictional limitations may be prohibited under the Discrimination Policy.
This policy is not intended, and may not be applied, to abridge free speech or other civil rights of any individual or group. Speech and expressive conduct may, however, violate this policy; for example, offensive speech that creates a hostile environment may be prohibited sexual harassment. This policy is not meant to prohibit academic freedom, including classroom discussion of controversial matters and research activities. [3]
II. Purpose
Our community of trust requires that its members treat one another with respect, dignity, and fairness. This policy is designed to foster a safe environment for the members of the William & Mary community.
The university is committed to maintaining an environment that is free from sex- or gender-based discrimination, sexual harassment or sexual misconduct and in which sexual orientation and gender identity and the freedom to make individual choices regarding sexual behavior is respected by all.
Sexual harassment, gender-based harassment or sexual misconduct by anyone is prohibited. It will be addressed in a prompt, equitable manner in accordance with this policy and the applicable procedure.
This policy helps William & Mary comply with federal law as required under Title IX of the Higher Education Amendments of 1972,[4] which prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex (including sexual violence) in education programs or activities.
III. Definitions
The university defines Title IX sexual harassment and related terms as specified in the Department of Education's Final Rule published in May 2020. Additionally, the university carefully defines definitions of consent, force, incapacitation and mandatory reporter to reflect the values of the community and in compliance with the Code of Virginia.
Complainant means an individual who is alleged to be the victim of conduct that could constitute discrimination, discriminatory harassment, including Title IX sexual harassment, retaliation or sexual misconduct as defined in the Discrimination Policy and the Title IX Policy.
Consent means a mutual agreement between participants to engage in specific types of sexual activity.
Faculty means those persons who have teaching and/or research responsibilities and who hold academic appointments in a department, program, or school of the university, as well as those administrators who hold an academic appointment in a program, school or department.
Force means to make someone do something against their will. Force includes physical violence, threats, intimidation and/or coercion.
Physical violence includes hitting, punching, slapping, kicking, restraining, strangling, and brandishing or using any weapon.
Threats are words or actions that would compel a reasonable person to engage in unwanted sexual activity. Examples include threats to harm oneself or another person physically, to reveal private information to harm a person's reputation, or to cause a person academic or economic harm.
Intimidation is an implied threat that causes reasonable fear in another person. A person's size, alone, does not constitute intimidation; however, a person's size may be used in a way that constitutes intimidation (e.g., blocking access to an exit).
Coercion is an unreasonable amount of pressure on someone to:
participate in a particular form of sexual activity,
change their mind after they asked to stop or have indicated lack of consent previously,
change their mind about what point of sexual activity they are stopping at.
Coercion is more than an effort to persuade, entice, or attract another person to have sex. In evaluating whether coercion was used, the university will consider: (i) the frequency of the application of the pressure, (ii) the intensity of the pressure, (iii) the degree of isolation of the person being pressured, (iv) the duration of the pressure, and (v) any power differential between the parties.
Formal complaint means a document filed by a complainant who is participating in or attempting to participate in an educational program or activity of the university or signed by the Title IX Coordinator alleging Title IX sexual harassment, Gender-Based harassment, discrimination, discriminatory harassment, retaliation, or sexual misconduct ("misconduct") against a respondent and requesting that the university investigate the allegations.
Incapacitation means the physical and/or mental inability to make informed, rational judgments, including about whether or not to engage in an activity, including sexual activity.
Intimate Body Parts means the genitalia, anus, groin, breast, or buttocks of any person.
Mandatory Reporter means a faculty or staff (including some student staff such as Resident Assistants, Teaching Assistants) of the university who is obligated by federal and state law (which designates such employee as a "Responsible Employee") to share knowledge, notice, and/or reports of sexual harassment, gender-based harassment, and sexual misconduct as defined in the Discrimination Policy or Title IX Policy with the Title IX Coordinator.
Report means information about alleged discrimination, discriminatory harassment, or retaliation, including sexual harassment or sexual misconduct affecting a member of the university community, including a student, that is conveyed to a mandatory reporter of the university and is communicated to the Chief Compliance Officer/Title IX Coordinator.
Respondent means an individual who has been alleged to be in violation of university policy through conduct that could constitute discrimination, discriminatory harassment, or retaliation, including sexual harassment or sexual misconduct.
Retaliation is any adverse action taken by a respondent or allied third party against a person because the person made a good faith report of discrimination, discriminatory harassment, retaliation, or sexual misconduct, or the person is involved in or participated in an investigation or proceeding of such reported allegation under this policy. Retaliation includes, but is not limited to, threatening, intimidating, harassing, coercing or any other conduct that would deter a reasonable person from engaging in activity protected under this policy. Retaliation does not include good faith counter complaints lawfully pursued in response to a report of discrimination or harassment, or non-discriminatory adverse actions taken for legitimate purposes (e.g. employee discipline for tardiness, student honor code charges for separate plagiarism incident)
Staff means employees who are designated by Human Resources as executive, professional, professio nal faculty, operational, classified and non-student hourly employees and who do not hold an academic appointment in a program, school, or department.
Student means all persons taking courses at the university, either full-time or part-time, persons pursuing undergraduate, graduate, or professional studies, and persons enrolled as a non-degree seeking students.
Title IX Coordinator means an official designated by the university who is responsible for ensuring the university's compliance with Title IX regulations and the person who is responsible for coordination of any process for investigation and adjudication of discrimination, discriminatory harassment, retaliation, sexual harassment, gender-based harassment, or sexual misconduct.
Title IX Sexual Harassment means conduct on the basis of sex that satisfies one or more of the following:
Quid Pro Quo Sexual Harassment A faculty or staff member of the recipient conditioning the provision of an aid, benefit, or service of the university on an individual's participation in unwelcome sexual conduct;
Hostile Environment Sexual Harassment Unwelcome conduct determined by a reasonable person to be so severe, pervasive, and objectively offensive that it effectively denies a person equal access to the university's education program or activity; or
a. Gender-Based Harassment means hostile environment sexual harassment based on gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression.
Any of the following without regard to if the conduct is severe, pervasive or objectively offensive:
Sexual assault as defined in 20 U.S.C. 1092(f)(6)(A)(v) is an offense that meets the definition of rape, fondling, incest, or statutory rape as used in the FBI's UCR program.
a. Rape— The penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.
b. Fondling—The touching of intimate body parts of another person for the purpose of sexual gratification, without the consent of the victim, including instances where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of their age or because of their temporary or permanent mental incapacity.
c. Incest—Sexual intercourse between persons who are related to each other within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by law.
d. Statutory Rape—Sexual intercourse with a person who is under the statutory age of consent. [5]
Domestic Violence as defined in 34 U.S.C. 12291(a)(8), means a felony or misdemeanor crime of violence committed
By a current or former spouse or intimate partner of the victim;
By a person with whom the victim shares a child in common;
By a person who is cohabitating with, or has cohabitated with, the victim as a spouse or intimate partner;
By a person similarly situated to a spouse of the victim under the domestic or family violence laws of the jurisdiction in which the crime of violence occurred, or
By any other person against an adult or youth victim who is protected from that person's acts under the domestic or family violence laws of the jurisdiction in which the crime of violence occurred.
Dating violence as defined in 34 U.S.C. 12291(a)(10), means violence committed by a person who is or has been in a social relationship of a romantic or intimate nature with the victim.
The existence of such a relationship shall be determined based on the reporting party's statement and with consideration of the length of the relationship, the type of relationship, and the frequency of interaction between the persons involved in the relationship.
For the purposes of this definition dating violence includes, but is not limited to, sexual or physical abuse or the threat of such abuse and does not include acts covered under the definition of domestic violence
Stalking as defined in 34 U.S.C. 12291(a)(30) means engaging in a course of conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to
Fear for the person's safety or the safety of others; or
Suffer substantial emotional distress.
For the purposes of this definition
Course of conduct means two or more acts, including, but not limited to, acts in which the stalker directly, indirectly, or through third parties, by any action, method, device, or means, follows, monitors, observes, surveils, threatens, or communicates to or about a person, or interferes with a person's property.
Reasonable person means a reasonable person under similar circumstances and with similar identities to the victim.
Substantial emotional distress means significant mental suffering or anguish that may, but does not necessarily, require medical or other professional treatment or counseling
IV. Policy
A. Misconduct. The following types conduct as defined in Section III of this policy are prohibited and are a violation of university policy. Persons who violate the policy are subject to sanctions as described in the applicable procedure.
Title IX Sexual Harassment
Quid Pro Quo Sexual Harassment
Hostile Environment Sexual Harassment
Sexual Assault (Rape, Fondling, Incest, Statutory Rape)
Retaliation. Separate disciplinary action shall be imposed if there is a finding of responsibility for retaliation. Retaliation may be present even where there is a finding of "no responsibility" on the allegations of sexual or gender-based harassment or sexual misconduct.
B. Application of Consent
Members of the university community choosing to engage in any form of sexual activity – from touching or kissing to intercourse – must obtain consent from their partner(s) prior to engaging in such activity. Appendix A provides guidance on obtaining consent and exercising caution when consumption of alcohol or drugs occurs.
Consent is Active, Voluntary, Informed:
Active – through clear words or actions, a person has indicated permission to engage in mutually agreed upon sexual activity. Sex is something you participate in -- not something that happens to you.
Voluntary – freely given.
Informed – knowing and aware.
Consent is NOT:
Merely a lack of protest or lack of resistance. Silence and/or passivity also do not convey consent.
Something to be assumed. Consent to sexual activity once does not imply consent another time. Nor does consent to one type of sexual activity mean consent to another.
Valid if any force is used.
Valid if the person consenting is incapacitated. Someone who is incapacitated cannot consent.
A person's belief that another person consented is not valid when:
The belief arose from the person's own intoxication or recklessness; or
The person knew the other person was incapacitated (as described below); or
A reasonable person, in the circumstances, should have known that the other person was incapacitated.
Consent is specific.  Consent to one form of sexual activity does not constitute consent to another form of sexual activity. For example:
Consent to oral-genital contact does not constitute consent to vaginal or anal penetration;
Consent to sexual activity on one occasion does not, by itself, constitute consent to future sexual activity.
Consent is revocable.
Consent may be withdrawn at any time, for any reason, even after sexual activity has begun.
Previously-given consent may be withdrawn by communicating through clear words or actions a decision to stop (or not engage in) the sexual activity.
Once consent is withdrawn, the other person must cease sexual activity without delay and may not apply undue pressure on the person who withdrew consent (coercion).
Consent obtained by force is invalid.
C. Application of Incapacitation
Someone who is incapacitated cannot give consent and any consent that is given is considered invalid due to incapacitation. An individual's incapacitation may be due to:
Alcohol or drugs;
Sleep or unconsciousness; or
An intellectual or other disability.
Not all changes in emotional or mental state, however, constitute incapacitation. Someone who is upset, tired, or intoxicated (for example) may make different choices than they would when they were in a calm, rested, or sober state, but that does not mean that they lack capacity to give consent.  A person is not necessarily incapacitated merely as a result of drinking or using drugs. However, alcohol consumption, particularly rapid consumption or consumption together with other drugs, can prevent the formation of long-term memories ("blackout"); someone who (temporarily) cannot form long-term memories may or may not have the capacity to consent.
In situations where both parties raise concerns regarding consent due to incapacitation, the university evaluates factors such as:
When and in what context the concerns were raised
How the sexual activity was initiated
The degree to which aggression was applied and/or
The level of a party's control or capacity
If someone is incapacitated, any initiation of sexual activity by this person does not presume consent.  Being impaired by alcohol or other drugs is not a defense to any violation of this policy.
In evaluating consent in cases of alleged incapacitation, the university asks two questions: (1) Did the respondent know that the complainant was incapacitated? and if not, (2) Would a sober, reasonable person in the same situation have known that the complainant was incapacitated? If the answer to either of these questions is "YES," consent was invalid and the conduct is likely a violation of this policy
V. Reporting Misconduct
A. Internal Reports
Reporting Discrimination, Discriminatory Harassment, Retaliation or Sexual Misconduct prohibited under this policy allows William & Mary to take prompt, supportive measures to protect and support individuals in their educational or work environments. Supportive measures may be provided even if the Complainant does not want to initiate a university administrative process or a criminal process.  Additional information about supportive measures is provided in the relevant procedures. [8]
Reports of discrimination, discriminatory harassment, retaliation or sexual misconduct may be made to:
Pamela Mason, J.D., CCEP
Chief Compliance Officer/Title IX Coordinator
109 James Blair Hall
reportconcern@wm.edu
Methods of reporting include:
Employee Online Reporting Form to report any allegations of discrimination, discriminatory harassment or retaliation, including Title IX sexual harassment by a faculty, staff or third-party contractor or guest of the university.
Student Title IX Report Form to report allegations of sexual harassment, gender-based harassment or sexual misconduct by a student.
Student Incident Report to report allegations of other discrimination, discriminatory harassment or retaliation by a student.
2. In-person or written reports (mail or email)
Reports relating to students:
Campus Center, Room 109
Williamsburg, Virginia 23187
deanofstudents@wm.edu
Reports relating to students or employees:
Office of Compliance & Equity
James Blair Hall Ste. 110
3. Anonymous reports
Anonymous reports as well as partial disclosure reports of incidents involving students may be made by non-mandatory reporters online.
Anonymous reports or partial disclosure reports of incidents involving students or employees made by non-mandatory reporters may be filed physically using the secure drop box located outside of the Office of Compliance & Equity on the first floor of James Blair Hall.
William & Mary Police may accept anonymous reports of sexual assault, which will be included in the university's crime statistics if appropriate under the Clery Act.   The Police can also assist survivors with the process of having physical evidence collected (PERK), anonymously, and maintained.  This gives survivors the option of later deciding whether and how to use such evidence.  Please note that if you provide the Police with specific information, such as names, they will be obligated to share that information with the Title IX Coordinator. William & Mary Police dispatch can be contacted at (757) 221-4596 or in person at 201 Ukrop Way.
Other internal reporting considerations:
Requests Not to Investigate
The university will not begin an internal investigation without a formal complaint signed by the Complainant and submitted to the Title IX Coordinator, or without a formal complainant signed by the Title IX Coordinator when the circumstances and risk factors of the report indicate a safety concern for the university community. The university must consider its obligation to other students or employees and the campus community. In addition, Virginia law requires the university to report sexual violence incidents to law enforcement and/or the relevant prosecutor, in certain circumstances.(9)
The university makes every effort to protect the privacy and confidentiality of people who report or are named in a report of sexual misconduct. Information reported will be shared only on a need-to-know basis. The university also takes steps to protect members of its community against further misconduct, including retaliation.  Confidentiality and retaliation protections exist in part to help encourage people who experience misconduct to come forward.  For people who remain concerned about personal disclosures or who do not want investigation to occur there are options:
If you have experienced misconduct yourself, you can make an anonymous report (Section IV.A.3)
If you are a student who is not a mandatory reporter because of your student employment role (e.g. resident assistant, teaching assistant), you can make a report of misconduct that happened to someone else without disclosing the name of the survivor and/or offender.
A person may report sexual misconduct with names, but may request that the name of the survivor of the misconduct remain confidential.
A person may also request that the university not take action in response to a sexual misconduct incident of which it becomes aware. The university will consider this request carefully.
2. Amnesty from Student Discipline
In order to facilitate full and truthful reporting and witness participation, the Dean of Students generally does not charge parties or material witnesses with Student Code of Conduct violations for drug or alcohol misconduct, such as consuming alcohol underage or consuming illegal drugs, unless such behavior relates directly to the sexual misconduct allegation.  An example of a Student Code of Conduct violation that relates directly to a sexual misconduct allegation would be provision of alcohol to an underage reporting party by a respondent, when there is an allegation that the respondent provided the alcohol as a means to facilitate a sexual assault.
B. Confidential Reports
Students who are not sure whether they want to make a formal complaint are encouraged to contact The Haven.  The Haven can provide confidential support, timely health and safety information, on and off campus resources, modifications to academics and campus living, and help a survivor understand the rights and options available to them.
Campus Center 166
thehaven@wm.edu
Liz Cascone, Director, The Haven
lizcascone@wm.edu
Other confidential resources for students on campus are:
William & Mary Counseling Center
McLeod Tyler Wellness Center, 2nd Floor
McLeod Tyler Wellness Center, 1st Floor
For Employees:
The University Ombuds
ombuds@wm.edu
COVA Care and COVA HDHP
Anthem Blue Cross and Blue Shield
Anthem EAP:  1-855-223-9277 www.anthemaep.com
Log in:  Commonwealth of Virginia
COVA HealthAware
Aetna EAP: 1-888-6232 www.mylifevalues.com
Username: COVA Password: COVA
Anthem Crisis Line - 1-855-223-9277 Press 1 for Crisis
Community Services Board
Telehealth services 757-230-3200
C. Mandatory Reports
There are two mandatory reporting situations in which an employee who has information about discrimination or harassment must share that information with the Chief Compliance Officer or Deputy Chief Human Resources Officer.
Faculty, supervisors, and managers must report all discrimination and retaliation of an employee who reports to them directly or indirectly. Faculty and staff with supervisory or managerial responsibilities (including all executive employees) who are told of, become aware of, or witness Title IX Sexual Harassment or Gender-Based Harassment under the Title IX Policy, or any form of discrimination, discriminatory harassment, retaliation or sexual misconduct under this policy of a subordinate employee in their line of supervision are required to file a report with the Chief Compliance Officer or Deputy Chief Human Resources Officer.
For example, if a faculty or staff member complains of or reports discrimination to a supervisor, or if a supervisor witnesses or becomes aware of an incident or situation that a reasonable person would understand to be retaliation, the supervisor is obligated to inform their immediate supervisor or the Office of Compliance & Equity. The faculty member, supervisor or manager should not investigate the matter themselves. If the supervisor knows that the matter has already been brought to the attention of the Office of Compliance & Equity, the supervisor does not need to report it.
All faculty and staff, including designated student staff are mandatory reporters and must file a report with the Title IX Coordinator of any sex-based discrimination, sexual harassment, gender-based harassment, or sexual misconduct affecting a member of the university community including faculty, staff or students.
An employee designated as a mandatory reporter (formerly a "responsible employee") who becomes aware of complaints or reports of sex-based discrimination, including sexual harassment or gender-based harassment as defined in the Title IX Policy, that affects a member of the university's community must promptly report the Title IX Coordinator via the online form or via email at reportconcern@wm.edu.
For example, if a student discloses to an employee that they have been sexually harassed or discriminated against because of gender or if an employee is told about a sexual harassment complaint or report involving a colleague, the employee is obligated to inform the Title IX Coordinator, regardless of the employee's assessment of the report's merit. The employee should not attempt to investigate the matter themselves.
Student employees of the Student Affairs division, such as Resident Assistants, are included in this reporting obligation, for matters that they become aware of in the course of their university employment. Lawyers or others who obtain information through any communication considered privileged by state or federal law are not obligated to report that information.
Exemptions—Certain staff members of the Counseling Center, the Student Health Center, and The Haven who are designated confidential resources for students are not mandatory reporters and are exempt from the reporting obligations in this section except as otherwise required by law. [9]
D. Reports to the police
Sexual assault and some other forms of sexual misconduct are crimes, and may be reported to law enforcement for investigation. The reports may be made instead of or in addition to reports made to the university administration. A survivor may choose to pursue one or both options.  William & Mary staff members can help students file a criminal complaint, if desired.
The William & Mary Police generally have jurisdiction over incidents occurring on W&M's campus.
The Williamsburg City Police generally have jurisdiction over incidents occurring in the city of Williamsburg.
The James City County Police generally have jurisdiction over incidents occurring in James City County.
E. Reports to External Agencies
Individuals experiencing harassment or discrimination also have the right to file a formal grievance with government authorities.  Information about the different state and federal governmental agencies, which laws they enforce, and what types of complaints they handle is provided in Appendix B.
VI. Enforcement; Complaint/Investigation Procedures
Any person who is found to have violated this policy under the applicable procedure is subject to discipline, up to and including permanent dismissal or termination. Disciplinary action (sanctions) will be taken in accordance with the applicable procedure:
For students, the Student Discrimination and Title IX Complaint Procedure
For faculty, staff, and third parties, the Employee Discrimination and Title IX Complaint Procedure and the applicable policy relating to discipline.
Both procedures provide for a thorough investigation with equitable rights for all parties to the process. Both procedures use a preponderance of the evidence (more likely than not) standard.
VII. Approval and Amendment
This policy was approved by the President, who has authorized the Title IX Coordinator to make minor, technical amendments to this policy, such as to update contact information.
The policy was amended
effective February 6, 2015, with the primary changes being to separate the policy from the procedure and (2) incorporate new definitions of certain types of sexual misconduct to comply with the Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013 (VAWA). This policy was amended on an interim basis by the President effective August 17, 2015, with the primary changes being (1) expansion of its application to faculty and staff and certain third parties and (2) modifications to the initial review of reports and employee reporting obligations, to comply with state law effective July 1, 2015. The interim revisions were approved in final policy by the President effective August 19, 2016, in amendments that included revisions to certain definitions and various other minor revisions.
by the President effective October 20, 2017, to revise to make clarifying revisions to the definitions of relationship violence, sexual harassment, consent, and retaliation, and to update contact information.
by the Title IX Coordinator April 25, 2018, to update contact information and add hyperlinks.
by the President effective August 22, 2018, to (1) expand the discussion of intoxication and consent, (2) modify the amnesty provision, (3) modify the description of interim measures, and (4) update contact information.
by the President effective September 30, 2019 to (1) amend policy definitions of sexual or gender-based harassment, non-consensual sexual intercourse, and relationship violence; (2) clarify the definitions of consent and incapacitation and provide specific guidance in Appendix A.
by the President effective August 14, 2020 to comply with Department of Education amendments to part 106 of title 34 of the Code of Federal Regulations and to Code of Virginia Amendments to 23.1-900.
by the President effective August 16, 2021 to narrow the policy to apply to Title IX Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Harassment as defined in federal regulations.
VIII. Related Documents, Policies, and Procedures
Appendix A: Guidance on Obtaining Consent and Exercising Caution
Appendix B: External Reporting Options
Appendix C: How Complaints and Reports are Handled – Investigation Procedures
Policy Prohibiting Discrimination, Discriminatory Harassment, Retaliation and Sexual Misconduct
Violence and Threat Management Policy
[1] Employee Discrimination and Title IX Complaint Procedure or Student Discrimination or Title IX Complaint Procedure
[2] This provision reflects the rights granted by Section II of the Statement of Rights and Responsibilities and complies with Section 23.1-400 of the Code of Virginia.
[3] The procedure used to review and respond to reports of discrimination and harassment by faculty includes special protections designed to ensure academic freedom is respected.
[4] Title IX appears in volume 20 of the U.S. Code, beginning at section 1681. Implementing regulations are found in Title 34 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 106 and are enforced by the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights.
[5] https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title18.2/chapter4/section18.2-63/