^ Records of the Past, [Archibald Sayce], 2nd series, Vol. 1, 1888, p. 11.
^ The Seven Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World, George Rawlinson, Vol. 4, p. 526-527.
^ 德尼·克伊朗. 羅浮宮參觀指南. 黎絲藝術出版社. 1997. ISBN 2854950992.
^ Tertius Chandler. Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census (1987), St. David's University Press. ISBN 978-0-88946-207-6. See Historical urban community sizes.
^ Mieroop, Marc van de (1997). The Ancient Mesopotamian City. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-19-158845-7.
^ Boiy, T. (2004). Late Achaemenid and Hellenistic Babylon. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 136. Leuven: Peeters Publishers. p. 233. ISBN 978-90-429-1449-0.
^ Albert Houtum-Schindler, "Babylon," Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.
^ Bradford, Alfred S. (2001). With Arrow, Sword, and Spear: A History of Warfare in the Ancient World, pp. 47–48. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-95259-4.
^ Saggs, H.W.F. (2000). Babylonians, p. 165. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20222-1.
^ Cyrus Cylinder The British Museum. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
^ "Mesopotamia: The Persians". Wsu.edu:8080. 1999-06-06. Archived from the original on 6 December 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-09.
^ Beck, Roger B.; Linda Black, Larry S. Krieger, Phillip C. Naylor, Dahia Ibo Shabaka, (1999). World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell. ISBN 978-0-395-87274-1.
^ "Genesis 10:10 NIV - The first centers of his kingdom were". Bible Gateway. Retrieved 2013-03-25.
^ Gettleman, Jeffrey. Unesco intends to put the magic back in Babylon, International Herald Tribune, April 21, 2006. Retrieved April 19, 2008.
^ Bajjaly, Joanne Farchakh (2005-04-25). "History lost in dust of war-torn Iraq". BBC News. Retrieved 2013-06-07.
^ Leeman, Sue (January 16, 2005)."Damage seen to ancient Babylon". The Boston Globe.
^ Heritage News from around the world 互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2016-02-02., World Heritage Alert!. Retrieved April 19, 2008.
^ Cornwell, Rupert. US colonel offers Iraq an apology of sorts for devastation of Babylon, The Independent, April 15, 2006. Retrieved April 19, 2008.