The search for new analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents are gaining lots of attraction because of their importance in management of acute pain and inflammation as well as their utility in early phases of many serious disorders like Alzheimer's dementia, cancer, heart vascular disease etc. In literature pyrazole and 2-pyrazoline derivatives are reported to possess interesting profile of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. As well as number pyrazole derivatives have already found their application as NSAIDs clinically. In this review article it has been tried to collate the reported work by many researchers on the pyrazole and 2-pyrazoline derivatives as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents. The overview of various reported pyrazole and 2-pyrazoline derivatives claims that they are potentially active as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.
Depression is one of the major CNS disorder in modern life and it affects around 5 % world population. With respect of competitive life style prevalence of depression and depression leads suicide is increasing day by day. Different therapeutic approaches are uses to treat depression. Aromatherapy is getting popularity as alternative therapy for treatment and management of CNS disorders. This present study was taken to evaluate the affect of Sandalwood Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Lemon Oil , Jasmine Oil, and agarwood on depression. Activity on depression was studied in mice using Forced swim Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST). Duration of immobility was noted as index of depressive activity. All the oils except Eucalyptus oil decreased duration of immobility and Jasmine oil was statistically significant. Eucalyptus oil produced significant increased of duration of immobility. These finding suggests that Essentials oils can be used to treat the CNS related disorders and gives pharmacological evidence of aromatherapy.
KEY WORDS: Depression, Forced swim Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST), Essential oil, Aromatherapy.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of the present investigation was to prepare oral microspheres of levetiracetam with a view to reduce the frequency of dosing and to attain steady state drug levels in addition to masking the bitter taste and faint odor of drug. Levetiracetam is a second-generation antiepileptic agent useful in the treatment of partial onset and myoclonic seizures, which has short plasma half-life of 7 ± 1 hour in adults along with bitter taste and faint odor. Microspheres are suitable drug delivery system for such drug candidate. Microspheres were prepared by various methods like w/o/o double emulsion solvent diffusion and w/o/w double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Preformulation studies were carried out to rule out any drug-polymer interactions by DSC technique. In the formulations prepared by w/o/o method, the drug entrapment efficiency ranged from 70.73% ± 2.96 to 94.20% ± 2.75, mean particle size ranged from 300µm ± 9.0 to 454µm ± 8.02 and percentage yield ranged from 66.00% ± 4.58 to 87.33% ± 2.08 whereas, formulations prepared by w/o/w method, the drug entrapment efficiency ranged from 40.90% ± 4.46 to 49.26% ± 1.10, mean particle size ranged from 353µm ± 9.01 to 373µm ± 4.50 and percentage yield ranged from 62.66% ± 4.04 to 76.33% ± 6.11. In the in vitro release studies initial burst release was observed from all the formulations. The most satisfactory formulation released drug for 24hours. SEM studies of the most satisfactory formulation showed that the microspheres were spherical and porous in nature. The data obtained from in vitro release showed highest correlation with Higuchi model and the drug release was found to be diffusion controlled.
1Dept. of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, College of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2Professor and Head of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Osmania University, A.P, India.
2Professor of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Osmania University, A.P, India.
ABSTRACT: A RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride and Vildagliptin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatography was carried on Dionex C18 (250mm x 4.6i.d, 5µm) column with mobile phase comprising of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate(0.01M) buffer and water in the ratio 90:10 v/v. The flow rate was adjusted to 1.5ml/min with UV detection at 215nm. The retention times of Metformin Hydrochloride, Vildagliptin were found to be 2.390 min, 4.601 min respectively. The different analytical parameters such as accuracy, linearity, precision, robustness, limit of detection(LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined according to the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) Q2B guidelines. The detector response was linear in the range of 500-1500µg/ml, 50-150µg/ml for Metformin Hydrochloride, Vildagliptin respectively. In the linearity study, the regression equation and coefficient of correlation for Metformin Hydrochloride, Vildagliptin were found to be (y = 124986x, r2 = 1),(y = 21377x, r2 = 0.9999) respectively. The proposed method is highly sensitive, precise and accurate & hence was successfully applied for the reliable quantification of active pharmaceuticals present in the commercial formulations.
ABSTRACT: A simple, precise, accurate reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide in combined dosage forms. The mobile phase used was a mixture of sodium acetate buffer: acetonitrile (45:55). The elution was carried out at 260 nm. The method was validated in terms of suitability, precisicion, accuracy, linearity, ruggedness and robustness. The method can be successfully used to determine the drug content of marketed formulation.
Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthpur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
ABSTRACT: A simple RP-HPLC method in bulk and formulation dosage form for Estimation of Telmisartan has developed. Mobile phase potassium di-hydrogen phosphate and Acetonitrile (60:40) ph adjust with ortho phosphoric acid , C18 sun fire column (250mmx4.6mmx5µm) flow rate 1ml/min, wave length 243 nm, column temperature 45ºc, injection volume10 µl. system suitability parameters of Telmisartan retention time 3.4, plate count 8968, tailing 1.086, % RSD 0.1 those all are within the limit method is suitable for analysis. Validation parameters selectivity, precision, linearity, accuracy, Robustness all are within the limit so method was validated it is use full to pharmaceutical analysis.
Key words: Telmisartan, RP-HPLC, C18 sun fire column (250mmx4.6mmx5µm), bulk and Tablet dosage form.
A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Vildagliptin and Metformin in Tablet dosage form. The determination was performed by the using of two phases one is stationary phase it's a Thermo hypersil ODS C18 column having 250 x 4.6mm 5μ, and another one is mobile phase containing 0.1M Potassium hydro phosphate and Acetonitrile at the ratio (60:40%v/v) Adjust the pH:7.0 by using Ortho phosphoric acid. The flow rate was 1ml/min and effluents were monitored at 263nm. The retention time of Metformin and Vildagliptin was 2.1min and 3.5min respectively and other replicate standard system suitability parameters are within the limit and uniform. Validation parameters those are selectivity, linearity (correlation co efficient is 1.000), recovery of Vildagliptin 99.66% and metformin 101.66 as per USP accuracy acceptance criteria is 97% to 103%, precision % RSD is less than 1 and also robustness results were uniform they were no marked changes so method is highly validated it use full for pharmaceutical analysis like Quality control , Stability and other studies.
Key words: RP-HPLC, Vildagliptin , Metformin HCl.
ABSTRACT: The present research work deals with the development of RP-HPLC method for the determination of Telmisartan and Ramipril in bulk and in formulation using UV detector. Selected mobile phase was a combination of Acetonitrile: Buffer (0.01M Potassium dihydrogen phosphate) 70: 30 pH 3.4 (adjusted with Orthophosphoric acid) and the wavelength selected was 221nm. The flow rate was kept at 2.0 ml/min, and the injection volume was 20μl. The sepration was performed at ambient temperature. Retention time of Telmisartan and Ramipril was found to be 4.90 and 6.14 minutes respectively. Telmisartan and Ramipril which were found to be linear in the range of 40-240 μg/ml and 10-60 μg/ml respectively. The correlation co-efficient of Telmisartan was found to be 1 and the correlation co-efficient of Ramipril was found to be 1. Accuracy of the method was determined through recovery studies by adding known quantities of standard drug to the pre analyzed test solution and was found to be 98.92-100.02 for Telmisartan and 99.93-100.96 for Ramipril respectively The system suitability parameters such as theoretical plates and tailing factor were found to be 5708, 1.24 and 2460, 1.2 respectively for Telmisartan and Ramipril. This method was validated according to ICH guidelines.
Department of chemistry, JNTU, Ananthpur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
A simple reverse phase gradient HPLC method used for simultaneous identification of Eplerenone impurities in market tablet dosage form. Poroshell ECC18 (50mmx4.6mmx2.7µm)column, mobile phase(gradient)A&B(70:30)it's contain potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate diluent, acetonitrile and methanol mixture diluent (90:10) to adjust the ph3.2±0.05with ortho phosphoric acid. Flow rate 1ml/min and injection volume 2µl chromatograms observed at 240nm. System suitability parameters are passed so system is suitable for analysis. Validation parameters specificity, linearity, lod, loq, precision, accuracy, robustness and also Acid and Diene impurities all are within the limit method should be validated its use full for stability studies and other pharmaceutical analysis.