Transpulmonary Transit of Microbubbles During Contrast Echocardiography: Implications for Estimating Cardiac Output and Pulmonary Blood Volume
Giorgio Galanti, Ananda R. Jayaweera, Flordeliza S. Villanueva, William P. Glasheen, Suad Ismail, Sanjiv Kaul
We postulated that the pulmonary transit rate of sonicated albumin microbubbles, which have an intravascular rheology similar to that of red blood cells, would be directly proportional to cardiac output (CO) and inversely proportional to pulmonary blood volume (PBV). Accordingly, 4 ml of Albunex ultrasound contrast agent (0.5 billion/ml of 4.3μ bubbles) was injected into the right atrium of six dogs (Group I) during simultaneously performed two-dimensional echocardiography, and the time between the initial appearance of the bubbles in the right and left ventricle, respectively, was measured. CO was either increased (by intravenous infusion of 15 μg/kg/min of dobutamine) or decreased (by producing left ventricular ischemia or by administering 2 mg of intravenous propranolol) in a random order and microbubbles were injected again. At each stage, thermodilution CO was measured. There was a close linear relation between CO and pulmonary transit rate of Albunex in each dog with the correlation coefficient ranging from 0.79 to 0.99, with a mean of 0.92. Pulmonary blood volume was derived in each dog from the reciprocal of the slope of the regression between CO and pulmonary transit rate and varied from 106 to 261 ml in the six dogs with a mean value of 178 ± 64 ml. There was excellent interobserver and intraobserver correlation (r = 0.99 each) for determining the pulmonary transit rate of Albunex. The reproducibility of pulmonary transit rate estimation from repeated contrast injections at the same hemodynamic state in another group of six dogs (Group II) was also good (r = 0.99). It is concluded that the pulmonary transit rate of Albunex ultrasound contrast agent can be used to assess directional changes in CO and to measure pulmonary blood volume. This method may have clinical applications.
Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
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Microbubbles Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Blood Volume Medicine & Life Sciences 80%
Echocardiography Medicine & Life Sciences 65%
Albunex Medicine & Life Sciences 63%
Lung Medicine & Life Sciences 42%
Dogs Medicine & Life Sciences 31%
Contrast Media Medicine & Life Sciences 16%
Heart Ventricles Medicine & Life Sciences 15%
Galanti, G., Jayaweera, A. R., Villanueva, F. S., Glasheen, W. P., Ismail, S., & Kaul, S. (1993). Transpulmonary Transit of Microbubbles During Contrast Echocardiography: Implications for Estimating Cardiac Output and Pulmonary Blood Volume. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 6(3), 272-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-7317(14)80063-1
Transpulmonary Transit of Microbubbles During Contrast Echocardiography : Implications for Estimating Cardiac Output and Pulmonary Blood Volume. / Galanti, Giorgio; Jayaweera, Ananda R.; Villanueva, Flordeliza S.; Glasheen, William P.; Ismail, Suad; Kaul, Sanjiv.
In: Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1993, p. 272-278.
Galanti, G, Jayaweera, AR, Villanueva, FS, Glasheen, WP, Ismail, S & Kaul, S 1993, 'Transpulmonary Transit of Microbubbles During Contrast Echocardiography: Implications for Estimating Cardiac Output and Pulmonary Blood Volume', Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 272-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-7317(14)80063-1
Galanti G, Jayaweera AR, Villanueva FS, Glasheen WP, Ismail S, Kaul S. Transpulmonary Transit of Microbubbles During Contrast Echocardiography: Implications for Estimating Cardiac Output and Pulmonary Blood Volume. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 1993;6(3):272-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-7317(14)80063-1
Galanti, Giorgio ; Jayaweera, Ananda R. ; Villanueva, Flordeliza S. ; Glasheen, William P. ; Ismail, Suad ; Kaul, Sanjiv. / Transpulmonary Transit of Microbubbles During Contrast Echocardiography : Implications for Estimating Cardiac Output and Pulmonary Blood Volume. In: Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 1993 ; Vol. 6, No. 3. pp. 272-278.
@article{e2ad87d7189b4325ad690be5b370ced5,
title = "Transpulmonary Transit of Microbubbles During Contrast Echocardiography: Implications for Estimating Cardiac Output and Pulmonary Blood Volume",
abstract = "We postulated that the pulmonary transit rate of sonicated albumin microbubbles, which have an intravascular rheology similar to that of red blood cells, would be directly proportional to cardiac output (CO) and inversely proportional to pulmonary blood volume (PBV). Accordingly, 4 ml of Albunex ultrasound contrast agent (0.5 billion/ml of 4.3μ bubbles) was injected into the right atrium of six dogs (Group I) during simultaneously performed two-dimensional echocardiography, and the time between the initial appearance of the bubbles in the right and left ventricle, respectively, was measured. CO was either increased (by intravenous infusion of 15 μg/kg/min of dobutamine) or decreased (by producing left ventricular ischemia or by administering 2 mg of intravenous propranolol) in a random order and microbubbles were injected again. At each stage, thermodilution CO was measured. There was a close linear relation between CO and pulmonary transit rate of Albunex in each dog with the correlation coefficient ranging from 0.79 to 0.99, with a mean of 0.92. Pulmonary blood volume was derived in each dog from the reciprocal of the slope of the regression between CO and pulmonary transit rate and varied from 106 to 261 ml in the six dogs with a mean value of 178 ± 64 ml. There was excellent interobserver and intraobserver correlation (r = 0.99 each) for determining the pulmonary transit rate of Albunex. The reproducibility of pulmonary transit rate estimation from repeated contrast injections at the same hemodynamic state in another group of six dogs (Group II) was also good (r = 0.99). It is concluded that the pulmonary transit rate of Albunex ultrasound contrast agent can be used to assess directional changes in CO and to measure pulmonary blood volume. This method may have clinical applications.",
author = "Giorgio Galanti and Jayaweera, {Ananda R.} and Villanueva, {Flordeliza S.} and Glasheen, {William P.} and Suad Ismail and Sanjiv Kaul",
note = "Funding Information: From the Divisions of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine, University of Florence, and University of Virginia, Charlottesville. Suppotted in patt by grants-in-aid from the Virginia Affiliate of the American Heart Association, Glen Allen, Virginia, and Molecular Biosystems, Inc., San Diego, California; an equipment grant from the Medical Division of General Electric Corporation, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and a grant (ROI-HL48890) from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Drs. Villanueva and Ismail are recipients of fellowship training grants from the Virginia Affiliate of the American Heart Association. Dr. Kaul is an Established Investigator of the American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas.",
journal = "Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography",
publisher = "Mosby Inc.",
T1 - Transpulmonary Transit of Microbubbles During Contrast Echocardiography
T2 - Implications for Estimating Cardiac Output and Pulmonary Blood Volume
AU - Galanti, Giorgio
AU - Jayaweera, Ananda R.
AU - Villanueva, Flordeliza S.
AU - Glasheen, William P.
AU - Ismail, Suad
AU - Kaul, Sanjiv
N1 - Funding Information: From the Divisions of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine, University of Florence, and University of Virginia, Charlottesville. Suppotted in patt by grants-in-aid from the Virginia Affiliate of the American Heart Association, Glen Allen, Virginia, and Molecular Biosystems, Inc., San Diego, California; an equipment grant from the Medical Division of General Electric Corporation, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and a grant (ROI-HL48890) from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Drs. Villanueva and Ismail are recipients of fellowship training grants from the Virginia Affiliate of the American Heart Association. Dr. Kaul is an Established Investigator of the American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas.
N2 - We postulated that the pulmonary transit rate of sonicated albumin microbubbles, which have an intravascular rheology similar to that of red blood cells, would be directly proportional to cardiac output (CO) and inversely proportional to pulmonary blood volume (PBV). Accordingly, 4 ml of Albunex ultrasound contrast agent (0.5 billion/ml of 4.3μ bubbles) was injected into the right atrium of six dogs (Group I) during simultaneously performed two-dimensional echocardiography, and the time between the initial appearance of the bubbles in the right and left ventricle, respectively, was measured. CO was either increased (by intravenous infusion of 15 μg/kg/min of dobutamine) or decreased (by producing left ventricular ischemia or by administering 2 mg of intravenous propranolol) in a random order and microbubbles were injected again. At each stage, thermodilution CO was measured. There was a close linear relation between CO and pulmonary transit rate of Albunex in each dog with the correlation coefficient ranging from 0.79 to 0.99, with a mean of 0.92. Pulmonary blood volume was derived in each dog from the reciprocal of the slope of the regression between CO and pulmonary transit rate and varied from 106 to 261 ml in the six dogs with a mean value of 178 ± 64 ml. There was excellent interobserver and intraobserver correlation (r = 0.99 each) for determining the pulmonary transit rate of Albunex. The reproducibility of pulmonary transit rate estimation from repeated contrast injections at the same hemodynamic state in another group of six dogs (Group II) was also good (r = 0.99). It is concluded that the pulmonary transit rate of Albunex ultrasound contrast agent can be used to assess directional changes in CO and to measure pulmonary blood volume. This method may have clinical applications.
AB - We postulated that the pulmonary transit rate of sonicated albumin microbubbles, which have an intravascular rheology similar to that of red blood cells, would be directly proportional to cardiac output (CO) and inversely proportional to pulmonary blood volume (PBV). Accordingly, 4 ml of Albunex ultrasound contrast agent (0.5 billion/ml of 4.3μ bubbles) was injected into the right atrium of six dogs (Group I) during simultaneously performed two-dimensional echocardiography, and the time between the initial appearance of the bubbles in the right and left ventricle, respectively, was measured. CO was either increased (by intravenous infusion of 15 μg/kg/min of dobutamine) or decreased (by producing left ventricular ischemia or by administering 2 mg of intravenous propranolol) in a random order and microbubbles were injected again. At each stage, thermodilution CO was measured. There was a close linear relation between CO and pulmonary transit rate of Albunex in each dog with the correlation coefficient ranging from 0.79 to 0.99, with a mean of 0.92. Pulmonary blood volume was derived in each dog from the reciprocal of the slope of the regression between CO and pulmonary transit rate and varied from 106 to 261 ml in the six dogs with a mean value of 178 ± 64 ml. There was excellent interobserver and intraobserver correlation (r = 0.99 each) for determining the pulmonary transit rate of Albunex. The reproducibility of pulmonary transit rate estimation from repeated contrast injections at the same hemodynamic state in another group of six dogs (Group II) was also good (r = 0.99). It is concluded that the pulmonary transit rate of Albunex ultrasound contrast agent can be used to assess directional changes in CO and to measure pulmonary blood volume. This method may have clinical applications.
JO - Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
JF - Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography