What Are The Different Branches Of Engineering
What Are The Different Branches Of Engineering – Throughout history, engineers have moved society forward. Using electricity to improve human health, improving agricultural efficiency, the ability to develop medicines and life-saving devices – engineers' impact on society is enormous.
Think of the great buildings of our time, the tallest buildings in the world, the biggest dams or the longest bridges. These engineering works are in front of everyone. What about innovations at the microscopic and atomic level? Vaccines and medicines allow us to live longer. The splitting of atoms allows us to release enormous amounts of power. Let's take a closer look at the inventions that took society from the Stone Age to the modern era. Consider the invention of the wheel; the development of the space program in the 1960s; or hyperscale data centers that allow us to communicate with others, access information, or entertain ourselves. All these achievements are the result of hard work of engineers working in different fields of science.
As new problems arise, engineers develop technologies to solve them. However, as the world becomes increasingly complex, 21st century engineering leaders must adopt a multidisciplinary approach to meet the challenges of technology, business, and society. The drive to innovate within a complex global framework is essential to advancing technology and building humanity's long-term resilience in the face of familiar enemies, climate change and disease.
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A master's degree and a professional engineering or PE license can help engineers prepare for an increasingly globalized society and become leaders in their fields. According to the National Society of Professional Engineers, the PE license "symbolizes the highest level, achievement and quality assurance in the engineering profession." The combination of an advanced degree and a PE license can position an engineer for increasing responsibility, including leading teams.
Engineers are becoming increasingly important, and industry, government, and academia are seeking to hire them. According to the National Science Foundation's State of US Science and Engineering 2020 report, science and engineering jobs account for 5 percent of all jobs in the United States, outpacing the overall labor force growth rate. According to the report, science and engineering occupations earned a median annual salary of $85,390 in 2017: "more than double the median salary for all U.S. workers ($37,690)."
Employers often look for engineers with a background in one of four major engineering fields: chemical, electrical, civil, and mechanical. However, engineering is a broad discipline focused on solving problems with innovative solutions, making it a growing and expanding field. Popular engineering fields include biomedical engineering, aerospace engineering, and environmental engineering.
Biomedical engineers have developed life-enhancing and life-saving technologies that we take for granted today. For example, cochlear implants reduce hearing loss by amplifying sound. Other examples include electrocardiographs, kidney dialysis, stethoscopes, x-rays, and hip replacements.
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Biomedical engineers design and develop technologies and tools to treat disease and restore health to patients. Part of their responsibility is to test and repair healthcare equipment and devices. Biomedical engineering includes:
Key competencies for biomedical engineers include a variety of design concepts, as well as analytical, communication, and problem-solving skills. Special fields of biomedical engineering are:
These focused biomedical fields may require the study of other engineering disciplines such as computer science and thermodynamics. For example, biomedical engineers interested in developing an artificial heart must understand cardiology and physiology and have knowledge of electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and fluid dynamics.
Biomedical engineers work with doctors, clinicians, and researchers at engineering firms. production buildings; health care facilities such as hospitals; and universities and research institutes.
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The most famous companies are Johnson & Johnson, GE Healthcare and Medtronic. From medical devices and diagnostic imaging to pharmaceuticals and consumer packaging, these companies offer a wide range of career options for graduates who want to save lives.
Biomedical engineers usually have a bachelor's degree in biomedical engineering or biotechnology. However, a master's degree can position candidates for more senior roles. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, or BLS, biomedical engineers earned a median annual salary of $88,550 as of 2018.
Civil engineers have helped build some of the most impressive structures in history, from the Panama Canal and the Brooklyn Bridge to the Three Gorges Dam in China and the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. These large structures are only part of the work of civil engineers.
Civil engineers also develop technologies. For example, self-healing concrete helps protect a building's steel reinforcement from water and oxygen corrosion. Other recent innovations include thermal bridging, an efficient insulation process, and solar glazing, which allows buildings to generate electricity.
Civil engineers who want to address climate change and sustainability can make a difference. They can design systems that reduce soil erosion, increase energy efficiency, reduce traffic congestion, and improve disaster management infrastructure.
Key competencies for civil engineers include strong mathematical and statistical skills and knowledge of technical mechanics and fluid dynamics. Special fields of civil engineering are different. These include civil engineering, geoengineering, structural engineering and transportation engineering. Along with engineering knowledge, civil engineers possess decision-making, organizational and problem-solving skills. Therefore, effective communication and speaking skills are essential.
Civil engineers provide leadership on construction sites, including coordinating site operations and promoting safe construction practices. They often work for state and city governments, which may require them to submit public works reports on the environmental impact of bids and projects.
Top companies include AECOM, Jacobs Engineering Group and Peter Kiewit Sons. These Fortune 500 industrial design and construction companies are among the most innovative companies in the industry.
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Civil engineers usually have a bachelor's degree in civil engineering or a specific field such as civil engineering. According to the BLS, civil engineers earned an annual salary of $86,640 as of 2018.
Throughout history, mechanical engineers have played a key role in improving people's living conditions. From the invention of the wheel and the earliest seagoing ships to the most sophisticated machines and vehicles of the modern age, the engineering industry has been a major driver of change and innovation.
Mechanical engineers are responsible for designing, developing, testing, and improving systems and equipment that contain moving parts. They manufacture mechanical systems for various industries:
Before building systems, sensors, devices and motors, mechanical engineers build prototypes and test their designs. At the end of the design and testing process, they often oversee the manufacturing process. Mechanical engineers also troubleshoot and diagnose mechanical problems in various devices.
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Important skills for mechanical engineers include math, mechanics, listening and problem-solving skills. There are many specializations in mechanical engineering, including:
Mechanical engineers are detail-oriented and creative and use computer-aided design, or CAD, and analysis tools to design equipment and machinery. They often work on projects with other engineers, architects, and computer scientists. For example, they may work with electrical engineers to design power-generating machines such as generators and turbines.
The top companies include Halliburton, Cameron International Corporation, Cummins and Ford. From automobiles to power generation, these companies provide ample opportunities for graduates to work in various mechanical systems.
Mechanical engineers usually have a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering. Mechanical engineers can enroll in graduate programs to expand their education, learn new technologies, or prepare for leadership roles. According to the BLS, mechanical engineers earned an annual salary of $87,370 in 2018.
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Electrical engineers helped usher in the modern era by inventing and building the infrastructure that provided electricity to homes and businesses. Famous electrical engineers throughout history include Thomas Edison, George Westinghouse, Nikola Tesla, Guglielmo Marconi, and Philo T. Farnsworth. Thanks to his vision, the light bulb, alternating current, induction motor, radio and television are part of everyday life.
Electrical engineers are involved in planning tests and optimizing electrical equipment, devices and systems. Electrical systems designed by electrical engineers include:
Electrical engineers help protect lives from electrical hazards because they are experts in specifications and electrical safety regulations, such as the National Electrical Code (NFPA 70), which is adopted in all 50 states.
Drawing courses can be useful in sketching homes and commercial properties. However, electrical engineers increasingly rely on CAD systems to create circuit designs and simulation tools to model electrical infrastructure such as power grids or computer microprocessors. They often work closely with project managers and others to ensure that projects are completed on time, on budget, and to a satisfactory standard.
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Electrical engineers work in a variety of industries, from utilities and technology companies to the federal government, where they may work on electrical systems in satellites, aircraft, and sonar systems.
The most famous companies are Lockheed Martin, Texas Instruments and Intel. These companies provide electrical engineers with a wide range of opportunities in various industries.
Electrical engineers usually have a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering or electronic engineering. According to the BLS, electrical engineers earned an annual salary of $96,640 in 2018.
In the 19th century, aeronautical engineers helped lay the foundation for today's rapidly changing global society. Since Orville and Wilbur Wright built the first powerful engine to achieve sustained airplane flight, aerospace engineers have played a central role in helping pilots and astronauts reach new heights.
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Key competencies for aerospace engineers include physics, mathematics, and critical thinking skills. Have business and communication skills.
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