Colleen Morgan
Research in digital archaeology, heritage, and marginalia
The Holocaust, 9/11, the Slave Trade and…Facebook? How Museums & Experts Fail at Social Media
As part of my EUROTAST postdoc I partnered with the Institute for Public Understanding of the Past and Marc Pallascio, a History MA student to conduct a survey of the online outreach of museums and institutions that commemorate so-called "dark" or difficult heritage. At the outset of my postdoc I wrote:
How do I digitally remediate difficult heritage? What considerations do I take when I disseminate research on this incredibly sensitive topic, heritage that hurts? (…) Anyway, I've taken to calling my new job digital heritage on hard mode.
This article attempts to address some of these questions through social media metrics and the online interactions of heritage institutions associated with difficult heritage: The Holocaust, 9/11, and the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, with a focus on the latter. Additionally, we looked into existing online communities surrounding difficult heritage that are independent of these larger institutions.
Spoilers: there was little-to-no interactivity between official institutions and online places where people chose to "remember together." Social media was used by official institutions purely to broadcast, not to interact.
Institutions and experts were also pretty scarce where there was the most interaction, debate and arguably a need for an informed opinion. It's a complete cliche online, but we ventured where nobody dares to go: THE COMMENTS.
These were on a YouTube series for Africans in America, on the "Little Dread" YouTube channel. Even when a link to a reputable source is posted, it is countered with a reference to the van Sertima pseudoscientific book "They Came Before Columbus." More importantly, there are several online places and communities that are obviously taking up issues of heritage, race, and origins and these are overwhelmingly NOT in ready-made, sanctioned arenas for such discussions. As we state in the paper:
Authoritative voices are absent in non-specialist discussions of heritage online, as experts frame their conversations within official settings.
From the conclusions:
The distributed network of the internet would seem to be an ideal venue for discussions with and between members of the diaspora formed by the descendants of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Yet, there is little connectivity apparent on either websites or social media between academics, heritage interpreters, and the online stakeholder communities…identifying where meaningful performative collective memory is exercised, then engaging with stakeholders on their own terms, may be more impactful than websites or campaigns of outward-facing social media.
Despite the 2015 publication date, the article has just been published by the Journal of African Diaspora and Heritage:
Morgan, C., & Pallascio, P. M. (2015). Digital Media, Participatory Culture, and Difficult Heritage: Online Remediation and the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage, 4(3), 260–278.
It's also available as a pre-print on Academia:
https://www.academia.edu/24144509/Digital_Media_Participatory_Culture_and_Difficult_Heritage_Online_Remediation_and_the_Trans-Atlantic_Slave_Trade
Author colleenmorganPosted on April 10, 2016 April 10, 2016 Categories academia, Archaeology, outreachTags 9/11, dark heritage, difficult heritage, holocaust, museums, outreach, public archaeology, public outreach, slave trade, social media, trans-atlantic slave trade1 Comment on The Holocaust, 9/11, the Slave Trade and…Facebook? How Museums & Experts Fail at Social Media
Minecraft for Archaeological Outreach
The "Real Tools of Minecraft"
We ran a "Virtual Dig" event for Yornight again this year, refined and improved from last year's effort. The event was wildly popular once again, and utterly wiped out the researchers participating.
I re-structured the event so that there is something for each of our expected demographic–we had kids that had never played Minecraft who participated last year, as well as a few bored parents. We were able to address the former with a papercraft event, but as the papercraft was based around Breary Banks, we decided to eliminate it this year and focus primarily on Star Carr, for consistency across the activities.
Steal me!
For the younger kids we expanded on our "real tools of Minecraft" event last year. It was very successful for connecting the analog world to the digital world, and gave us a way to talk about the spectrum of archaeological tools. Minecraft has pickaxes, shovels, buckets, a compass, and flint, and we had the kids match up the tools from a print-out. Of particular interest was the flint, as many children did not make the connection from the digital representation to the rocks in their backyard.
I've uploaded a printable pdf of the Minecraft tools. I also made a sheet with a few letters that you can have the kids place next to the real tools. Feel free to steal the activity, but pleaaaaase tell me (colleen.morgan@york.ac.uk) if you do so I can show my department how useful it is to muck around with video games.
We also had our usual server running with the Star Carr landscape installed, which I wrote about making last year. I actually had to re-make it this year in a single day, due to the old version accidentally getting wiped out. Ooops!
Once again we also showed Anthony Masinton's Yorkshire 9000BC on the big screen in back. It's made in Unity, so we tied it to Minecraft by saying they were both video games AND both of them were based on the same digital elevation model. I'd point at the houses he'd placed on the landscape, talk a bit about how hard it was to reconstruct houses based on postholes, then end with an entreaty:
Can you build a 10,000 year old house in Minecraft?
Fabrizio, showing off his ADS viewer to Julian Richards & Gareth Beale
For the older kids and adults we had Marie Curie Fellow Fabrizio Galeazzi present Star Carr data on his ADS viewer, to show the detailed visualizations of stratigraphy within a research database. It was a great link for showing the research potential of archaeological visualizations.
Early in the night!
Overall it was chaotic but fun–we didn't always have a chance to collar the kids with research before they started bashing through Minecraft. I've yet to have a chance to see what kind of carnage they enacted upon the Mesolithic landscape. I look forward to it though, as it's an archaeology of its own.
Author colleenmorganPosted on September 28, 2015 September 28, 2015 Categories Archaeology, minecraft, outreachTags Archaeology, minecraft, outreach, public archaeology, public outreach2 Comments on Minecraft for Archaeological Outreach
My Day of Archaeology: Meeting the US Ambassador
For the Day of Archaeology this year, I wrote up my experiences at the US Ambassador's House talking about Women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics), including my archaeology photo in the "distractingly sexy" campaign:
For more, read the entry at the Day of Archaeology webpage.
Author colleenmorganPosted on July 28, 2015 Categories Archaeology, outreach, scienceTags Archaeology, day of archaeology, dayofarch, outreach, science, stem1 Comment on My Day of Archaeology: Meeting the US Ambassador
A Decade of Archaeology in Action on Flickr
Nya lödöse 150312-2439. Sweden.
I've been using Flickr for photographs since 2005, and have administered a group "Archaeology in Action" for almost as long. There's 630 members and almost 4,200 photographs of archaeologists doing that thing we like doing so well.
Archaeologist Mary Weahkee during an Education Outreach event. New Mexico, USA.
Interestingly, being the admin for the group helped me define what it meant to be an "archaeologist in action"–what does our discipline cover? It also helped me define what an archaeological photograph is, exactly. HINT: NOT YOUR TRAVEL PHOTOS OF THE PYRAMIDS. I delete those mercilessly.
Shilla, South Korea – archaeology, planum
Why? Why should I censor the tourists? Aren't their experiences of the site just as legitimate as ours? Perhaps. But it wasn't archaeology. The Flickr group was cultivated to be a resource for educators, and to show a diversity of people doing archaeology. That last, active part was also important. Someone in the photo had to be doing something. Even if that someone was behind the camera. The photographer had to make archaeological seeing visible.
Modele Numerique de Terrain d'un chantier archéologique à Fleury-sur-Orne (Calvados-FR).
The group has been motoring on, attracting spam, but also, occasionally, surprising me with gorgeous, raw, photos from around the world of the incredible, strange, delightful tasks of archaeology.
Archaeologist Karen Wening surveys the highway right-of-way at the top of San Augustin pass on US Highway 70, about 10 miles east of Las Cruces.
Recently Flickr took away one of my most favorite functions–note taking. I loved this function as I was able to annotate maps and photographs to explain different features–it was great for outreach. I heard that they'll add it back soon. Let's cross our fingers!
Nya Lödöse Project, working on a Harris Matrix.
In the meantime, if you have any photos of archaeology in action, sling them toward the group!
Previous photo-based posts highlighting Archaeology in Action. I probably should have made it a series at some point. Or at least had a consistent naming scheme:
Archaeology in Action on Flickr
Archaeology in Action Update
Archaeology in Action, Another Update
Archaeology in Action Around the World
Archaeology Around the World
Community Archaeology in Action
Author colleenmorganPosted on June 24, 2015 Categories Archaeology, digital heritage, new media, outreach, photographyTags Archaeology, digital media, outreach, photographyLeave a comment on A Decade of Archaeology in Action on Flickr
Breaking Blocks and Digging Holes: Archaeology & Minecraft
Archaeologists have been playing with Minecraft to present the past and the play around with reconstruction. Shawn Graham, as always, is at the forefront of developing archaeological landscapes in Minecraft and if you'd like to try it out, I suggest you read up on Electric Archaeology. I used his instructions to import a digital elevation model (DEM) from the famous Mesolithic site of Star Carr, currently being investigated by Nicky Milner at the University of York.
After a few tweaks, I managed to get a fairly nice, smooth landscape–Star Carr, now a lovely undulating field, was once on the edge of Lake Flixton. Organic materials such as wood preserve very well in the waterlogged peat and so they find lots of spear points, platforms and a deer frontlet or two.
Red deer antler head-dress from Star Carr at the British Museum.
Sadly we did not reconstruct the frontlets–building things in Minecraft is a lot like using Lego. Not fancy, specialist Lego like they have these days, but the basic set. So I got a reasonable model of Star Carr up and running for Yornight, which highlights European Union-funded research at York. I had a lot of help from other people in the department affiliated with the Centre for Digital Heritage.
Outreach!
We had several computers running on our own local server and kids (mostly boys) went pretty crazy for it. Our set up:
Well, archaeologists working at Star Car have found these circular houses with evidence of postholes, and we've made reconstructions based on that. But we aren't actually sure what exactly the houses looked like. Can you help us think of different ways the houses might have looked?
The virtual world of Star Carr!
That was pretty much it. A few of the kids tried to build round houses, but as you may have guessed from the Lego-ness of Minecraft, they were still pretty blocky. Some built other houses, out of brick, some built giant flaming towers, and a few somehow made guns and started shooting at each other! I'd say it was a success.
The dungeon-like barrel vault added to the atmosphere.
We also had a papercraft Breary Banks, another University of York excavation site, and kids colored and cut out models of the camp. I found that having a mix of tactile and digital activities was more inclusive–kids didn't have to feel forced into doing anything they weren't used to or were uncomfortable with.
Breary Banks in papercraft!
Finally, we had the "real tools" of Minecraft, and that seemed, oddly, to be the most popular. It made the connection between tools that archaeologists used and the virtual tools in the game. We had a big nodule of flint, which is used in the game but many kids never made the connection to rocks.
We're running it again for the local Young Archaeologists Club and for the upcoming Yornight, which will also feature some experimental Oculus Rift visualization. Digital shenanigans continue apace!
Author colleenmorganPosted on June 11, 2015 Categories Archaeology, gaming, minecraft, outreachTags Archaeology, breary banks, digital archaeology, minecraft, outreach, public archaeology, star carr, york, yornight5 Comments on Breaking Blocks and Digging Holes: Archaeology & Minecraft
Heritage Jam Video Series Complete
Over the weekend I finished up the series of short videos for the upcoming Heritage Jam and I'm fairly pleased with them. I have a much larger video project coming up for EUROTAST, featuring the incredible work of the research fellows, and so it was a good way to get back into the video-making groove again.
Each of the videos is a challenge to the participants of the Heritage Jam, as outlined by Dr. Julie Rugg.
Challenge One: Dynamism
Challenge Two: Visibility
Challenge Three: Class
In each video Dr. Rugg identifies some interesting challenges for visual interpretation in cemeteries. I enjoyed learning about cemeteries from her as I edited the videos.
I'm never quite 100% satisfied with the videos that I make either, as there's always more that can be done. When I teach filmmaking to archaeology students, I tell them that you can pretty much spend an infinite amount of time editing a video, making it as perfect as possible…but I have other projects, so finding "good enough" is not wholly satisfying, but does get the video out there for other people to view. If anything, all of this just makes me appreciate the professionals that much more!
Even if you aren't participating in the Heritage Jam, the videos may make you look at cemeteries in a different way–they certainly did for me!
(PS: Try to watch them in HD if you have the bandwidth!)
Author colleenmorganPosted on July 7, 2014 Categories Archaeology, new media, outreach, videoTags Archaeology, heritage jam, outreach, video1 Comment on Heritage Jam Video Series Complete
Archaeologists Making Libraries: Di Hu
After working for several years near Pomacocha, Ayacucho, Peru, UC Berkeley archaeology PhD candidate Di Hu was approached by teachers at the local school. They needed quality books to help educate their students. In Di's words:
High in the Peruvian Andes, the historic village of Pomacocha is nestled among high cliffs, rivers and volcanic mountains. With a population of around 800-1000 people, Pomacocha boasts a preschool, a primary school, and a high school. Despite the curiosity and enthusiasm of the students, Pomacocha does not have a public library. The schoolchildren have only basic textbooks that emphasize memorization of facts. Because of the lack of resources in Pomacocha, the schools cannot afford to buy non-curriculum books.
With all of the high-tech public archaeology and community outreach going on in archaeology these days it is easy to forget that some of the communities we work in still need basic amenities. Things that we take for granted. To serve this relatively low-tech need, Di started a crowdfunding campaign last April on Indiegogo:
https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/first-public-library-for-schoolchildren-in-a-rural-peruvian-village
She did incredibly well, beating her goal by $350! I was happy to contribute a little bit to the project, and I've been getting updates as Di has made back to Peru. I was very touched when she sent me a photo of the books that I sponsored, with a specialized nameplate:
The books are:
Muerte en la Vicaria by Agatha Christie (I asked for murder on the Oriental Express, but it was taken already!)
La Mujer en el Tiempo: Cronologia ilustrada que abarca mas de 20 siglos de personajes y eventos que marcaron la historia
500 Años de patriarcado en el nuevo mundo
Good stuff. Thanks, Di!
Author colleenmorganPosted on July 5, 2014 July 5, 2014 Categories Archaeology, outreachTags Archaeology, books, outreach1 Comment on Archaeologists Making Libraries: Di Hu
Time-lapse Excavation at Hammerfest, Norway
I was delighted to find this video of a time-lapse excavation performed by the Tromsø Museum of a turf and stone structure from the 1700s. What really makes this video is the graphic in the corner of where the camera is located and the overall plan of the structure, highlighting what is being excavated. It transforms what looks like a bunch of workers shuffling around rocks in the mud into something inteligible. This is the translation of the video description I got in Google Translate from the original Norwegian:
Time-lapse of the excavations on the structure of S5 in the period 9.6. -21.7.2010. The structure is constructed dwellings of turf and stone. The shape of the structure implies a dichotomy where one part may have been a timber construction and the other part a hut construction. On the inside of the thick sod walls were found neverlag in different levels (see eg.Context 102). Remains of buildings is mainly dated to the 1700s, but can extend down to 1600 – the number and up to 1800's. Time-lapse footage shows the last part of the excavation, where the scroll. chimney, walls, entrances and some luck are being put excavated / removed. Towards the end of the grave none appeared a rock pit in one wall of the house, where the fill, context 118 and 128, were removed.
Video from the archaeological excavations in Cut Vika and Vika Mountains, Hammerfest, performed by the Tromsø Museum, University Museum.
Excellent video and a fairly easy way to help the audience see the archaeology.
A quick, unrelated note:
Thanks again for everyone who commented on the previous entry about health and safety. I've long wanted to make a series of videos or comics to make boring topics such as OSHA compliance easy to understand, but when to find the time?
Author colleenmorganPosted on March 11, 2011 Categories Archaeology, outreach, videoTags Archaeology, excavation, outreach, time-lapse, videoLeave a comment on Time-lapse Excavation at Hammerfest, Norway
World of Warcraft's Archaeology Skill
From Blizzard's website:
Hunting the unknown, discovering the lost, knowing the forgotten. The Explorers' League of Ironforge is redoubling its efforts to learn the secrets of the past. The league has begun teaching the discipline of archaeology to all members of the Alliance in a bold attempt to procure as many ancient relics as possible. This initiative is being matched by the campaign of the Reliquary — a Horde faction formed from an unknown council based in Silvermoon. The Reliquary is training members of the Horde in the art of the dig and challenging them to find any and all artifacts of historical significance before the Explorers' League does. Each side now jockeys for position, relishing in the chase, vying for control of time-lost relics, and jealously guarding any valuable information the objects may impart.
With their latest expansion release, Cataclysm, World of Warcraft has added a "secondary profession"–archaeology. Players of WoW can now survey for, find, and reconstruct artifacts.
In the above video, the basics of the archaeology skill are demonstrated. In a large map, areas that you can "excavate" are indicated with a trowel. Once you are there, you activate a "survey" skill to help find the artifact. I found this "survey" mode to be the most interesting, as you place what looks like an old-school theodolite and evaluate the flashing light next to it. If the light is flashing green, then you are close to treasure. If it is flashing red, then you are far away. What archaeologist wouldn't like that? If you go to the correct area, then you find a bag on the ground (perhaps dropped by a previous, clumsy archaeologist?) with an "archaeology fragment" or a ("fossil fragment", sadly) inside. When you get 30 fragments, you can piece them back together and it creates a useable item.
As a non-WoW participant I became aware of this new development in the game in two ways. One of my fellow archaeologists in Qatar has been playing as an archaeologist in WoW. Apparently the in-game play action of archaeology is incredibly tedious, which is perhaps appropriate. He says that people complain on the special WoW archaeology chat channel about it, and he tells them, "this is what I do in my real life too!" If he's like me, he dreams about archaeology as well, which would complete the 24-hour cycle of non-stop archaeology. The other way I found out about it was a slightly more troubling development. A google search for "how to do archaeological survey" turned up with WoW links. It looks like it has changed now, perhaps specializing its search results to my particular interests, but it is a good reminder of what an incredible juggernaut WoW is in gaming culture. There are 12 million subscribers to this game, and while individuals may have more than one subscription, that's still a substantial fraction of people playing an online game, sharing experiences and forging communities of practice.
What does the new WoW profession of archaeology mean to the broader definition of archaeology? Well, already they have some blatant failures in that they include fossils of ancient ferns as artifacts, though the fact that they also have "night elf" artifacts may remove that somewhat abstract designation of artifact typology. It also is typical in gaming realms that the archaeologist keeps the treasure. A simple change might be a reward of a more abstract kind in lore or experience points.
While this is the kind of nitpicking that Cornelius Holtorf takes issue with in his Archaeology is a Brand, there might be an interesting set of talking points for education here. A side-by-side comparison of the depiction of archaeology within the game and of true practice might make for an entertaining lecture in an introduction to archaeology class. A well-phrased letter from an archaeology society to Blizzard may not actually change much within the world, but may help guide future development of this skill. Engagement with this game's audience may prove enlightening and fruitful in the end.
Do any other archaeologists have experience with this skill in WoW? Any further commentary?
Author colleenmorganPosted on January 21, 2011 Categories Archaeology, new media, outreachTags Archaeology, outreach, world of warcraft6 Comments on World of Warcraft's Archaeology Skill
Dhiban, the Photo Show
One of my goals this season was to hold a photo show, highlighting photos from work on the tall and in the community to show some of the people of Dhiban what we were doing. We rarely get visits from local folks so we thought it'd behoove us to bring some of the tall to them. I intended to do something similar last year, but ran out of time. It was a priority for the 2010 season.
After a couple of meetings with the mayor, he allowed us to use the Dhiban town hall, a building in the middle of the town that is used for community functions. We had the photos developed in Madaba, and bought frames there as well. Hanging them was rough as the town hall, like almost every other building in Dhiban, was made out of cinder blocks. But after much preparation (including runs to buy sweets and tea) we held the show last Thursday.
Along with the photos on the wall we ran a slide show with a lot more of the images taken from the season. This seemed to be the most popular part of the show, and people sat and watched until photos of themselves or of people they knew appeared on the screen, then cheered.
A lot of town dignitaries showed up, but not as many of the regular townsfolk. It was disappointing in that respect, but a good first step. I'll have a lot more details in my dissertation, if you care to know!
Author colleenmorganPosted on July 18, 2010 Categories Archaeology, outreach, photographyTags Archaeology, outreach, photography4 Comments on Dhiban, the Photo Show
Where is Single Context Archaeology?
Sifting, Sieving, Screening
Isometric Drawing in Archaeology
Teaching They Shall Not Grow Old
Çatalhöyük in Second Life, Fall 2009
archaeological fieldwork
archaeological photography
azarchaeofilms
blogarch
Catalhoyuk
contemporary archaeology
dig house
digital archaeology
tag2011
ucberkeley
Colleen Morgan Blog at WordPress.com.