J.W. Plummer, Director, National Reconnaissance Office, Memorandum for the Director of Central Intelligence Regarding Security Requirements for the NRO
This "memo is itself a cover letter explaining that its attachment is the final report of a working group that has been studying the security requirements of the NRO." For the report, see "Report on the Review of Security Requirements of the National Reconnaissance Program."
United States. National Reconnaissance Office
NRDS Nuclear Rocket Effluent Program 1959-1970
"This report reviews the health implications of radioactive effluent released during nuclear rocket engine tests at the Nuclear Rocket Development Station (NRDS), Jackass Flats, Nevada, prior to 1970. During this period, nuclear rocket engine concepts incorporated an open-cycle hydrogen-cooled, reactor with core operating temperatures of approximately 4,000°F, which cause small quantities of fission products to migrate from the fuel and to be released in the rocket engine exhaust as gases or micrometersized particulates; radioactivity released in this manner is called the 'aerosol effluent.' Core operating conditions caused minor fuel element erosion and corrosion, releasing particles with high radioactivity content (roughly [10 to the 11th power] fissions per particle) and diameters of tens of micrometers; these particles are referred to as the 'particulate effluent.' NRDS adjoins the Nevada Test Site and the Nellis Air Force Range and is located about 80 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada, in an area of low population density and limited agricultural usage. Lathrop Wells (population less than 100), the nearest town, is about 15 miles from the testing locations. Estimates of doses, both potential and actual, resulting from exposure of the off-site population to aerosol effluent from past tests have been 15% or less of the appropriate Federal Radiation Council (FRC) guides and Atomic Energy Commission (AEG) standards."
United States. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
Bernhardt, David E.; Evans, R. B. (Robert Berton), 1930-; Grossman, Richard F.
Public Law 93-288: Disaster Relief Act of 1974
"An Act entitled the 'Disaster Relief Act: Amendments of 1974.'" Also known as the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, this act was enacted on 22 May 1974, and has since been amended several times. "It is the intent of the Congress, by this Act, to provide an orderly and continuing means of assistance by the Federal Government to State and local governments in carrying out their responsibilities to alleviate the suffering and damage which result from such disasters by: expanding relief programs; encouraging comprehensive disaster preparedness plans; achieving greater coordination and responsiveness of disaster preparedness programs; encouraging individuals, States, and local governments to protect themselves by obtaining insurance; encouraging hazard mitigation measures to reduce losses from disasters; providing Federal assistance programs for both public and private losses sustained in disasters; and providing a long-range economic recovery program for major disaster areas."
United States. Government Printing Office
Exercise Super-Rabbit, a Livermore Pool Type Reactor Disaster Exercise
"A simulated disaster designed to exercise the LLL[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory] Disaster Control Plan, the Livermore Pool Type Reactor (LPTR) Disaster Control Plan, and the various LLL disaster control support organizations and facilities is described. A simulated LPTR experiment, which resulted in damage to the reactor and injuries to reactor personnel, required response to an uncontrollable reactor, rescue and evacuation of contaminated victims in a high radiation field, decontamination of facilities and personnel. and medical attention for injured operations personnel. The exercise required an alert of the LLL emergency response system and subsequent upgrading from a local accident status to that of a major disaster. The LLL Disaster Control Organization and required support units responded and implemented the LLL and LPTR Disaster Control Plans. Evaluation of the response was provided by umpires and followed by a critique of all personnel involved in the exercise."
Palmer, T.D.; Purington, Robert G.; Trolan, Rice T.
National Security Decision Memorandum 254: Domestic Safeguards
National Security Decision Memorandum 254 is directed to the Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission. "The President has reviewed the report forwarded on February 15, 1974 on domestic safeguards, as directed by NSSM 120 and the subsequent memorandum of May 4, 1971 for the Chairman of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. The President has noted the conclusions of the report, and particularly those regarding the needs (1) to weigh the possibilities of sabotage, plutonium contamination threats, an armed attacks (for example, by terrorists), along with the nuclear device threat, (2) to have a continuing process of threat assessment and establishment of appropriate countermeasures, and (3) to maintain fully adequate and essentially equivalent, in terms of quality and extent, safeguards systems in the licensed and license-exempt sectors."
United States. White House Office
National Security Decision Memorandum 253: Membership of the National Security Council Intelligence Committee
National Security Decision Memorandum 253 is directed to: the Secretary of Defense; the Secretary of the Treasury; the Attorney General; the Deputy Secretary of State; the Director of Central Intelligence; and the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff. "The President has decided that the membership of the National Security Council Intelligence Committee shall include an Under Secretary of the Treasury. The NSCIC, as established by the President's memorandum dated November 5, 1971. As stated in the President's November 5, 1971 memorandum, the NSCIC 'will give direction and guidance on national substantive intelligence needs and provide for a continuing evaluation of intelligence products from the viewpoint of the intelligence consumer."
Time Distortion in Nuclear War
"Past considerations of nuclear war, particularly those involving battlefield use, have not taken into account a major factor: the time-dependent nature of the human body's response to radiation. This factor is likely to introduce changes in the temporal nature of warfare as profound as the spatial changes associated with the increased explosive power of nuclear munitions. High fatality rates will last for days following a nuclear event and must be taken into account. Continued lack of attention to this aspect of nuclear warfare is likely to result in inappropriate choices of military posture, doctrine, and equipment."
Gustavson, M.R.
Code of Conduct and the Vietnam Prisoners of War
"The purpose of this paper its to review the Code of Conduct in the perspective of the Vietnam prisoner of war experience and to recommend any changes that should be made to the code itself and to the training and indoctrination of the members of the Armed Forces in the Code of Conduct. Additionally, recommendations are presented for the education of the members of the Armed Forces and the U.S. public in order to minimize the use of POWS by future enemies as political hostages and propaganda vehicles."
National War College (U.S.)
McCain, John, 1936-
Reconnaissance in Mountain Terrain
"This booklet sets forth the effect of mountainous terrain conditions on the organization and conduct of reconnaissance in modern war. Recomnmendations and methods f or the surmounting of various obstacles are included in the report. It also gives features of small -reconnalssaxnce-unit actions in observation, raids, ambush and operations in the enemy rear."
US Army Foreign Science and Technology Center
Sinyaev, A. D.
Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1973
From the abstract: "The general overview of the 1973 hurricane season in the North Atlantic is presented together with detailed accounts of all named tropical storms."
National Hurricane Center (2012- )
Hebert, Paul J.; Frank, Neil L., 1931-
Executive Order 11776: Continuing the President's Committee on Mental Retardation and Broadening its Membership and Responsibilities
"The President's Committee on Mental Retardation, established by Executive Order No. 11280 on May 11, 1966, has mobilized national planning and carried out basic programs in the field of mental retardation. National goals have been established to reduce the occurrence of mental retardation by one-half before the end of the century and to return one-third of the people in mental institutions to useful lives in their communities. The achievement of these goals will require the most effective possible use of public and private resources. Our country has become increasingly aware in recent years of the need to assure those who are retarded their full status as citizens under the law, and of the continuing need to mobilize the support of the general public and of specialized professional and volunteer groups for mental retardation activities. We also know that we must constantly evaluate existing programs to determine their adequacy and must continually consider a broad range of proposals for new mental retardation activities."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Flood Plain - Handle With Care!
"Almost everyone knows that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers builds dams, dikes and levees. The Corps is famous-or, in the opinion of some of its critics, infamous-for its public works projects designed to control floods. Not so well known, however, is a broader Corps approach to the problem of flooding: a 'management' approach. The management approach to flood problems means identifying the nature of the flood hazard in a specific area. It means using that basic information and common sense to protect lives. And to prevent or minimize damage to land and buildings subject to flooding. In brief, the management approach means wise use of flood plains. This booklet describes, in non-technical language, some of the fundamentals of wise flood plain management. It stresses non-traditional aspects of flood plain management, those that can be undertaken by a community itself. A word of caution, however. This booklet is not a panacea. The Corps, through its Flood Plain Management Services program, can provide information, technical assistance, and planning guidance. But in the final analysis, how a community uses or abuses its flood plain is up to the community itself."
United States. Army. Corps of Engineers
National Security Decision Memorandum 245: Instructions for the SALT Talks, Geneva, February 19, 1974
National Security Decision Memorandum 245 is directed to: the Secretary of Defense; the Deputy Secretary of State; the Director, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency; and the Chairman, U.S. SALT Delegation. "The President has reviewed NSDM's 213, 216 and 233 and the work of the Verification Panel and has approved the following instructions for the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks beginning on February 19, 1974, in Geneva. (1) The Delegation should make clear that the United States has undertaken an extensive review of both sides' approach to the negotiations. The overall U.S. objective continues to be a permanent agreement limiting strategic offensive arms which provides a high degree of equivalence in central strategic systems -- ICBM's, SLBM's and heavy bombers. (2) The Delegation should reemphasize that the U.S. considers the establishment of equal aggregate limits on the number, and substantially equal aggregate throw weight, of central strategic systems to be primary elements in establishing such equivalence."
National Security Decision Memorandum 242: Policy for Planning the Employment of Nuclear Weapons
National Security Decision Memorandum 242 is directed to: the Secretary of State; Secretary of Defense; Director, Central Intelligence Agency; and Director, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. "Based on a review of the study conducted in response to NSSM 169 and discussions by the Verification Panel, I have reached the following decisions on United States policy regarding planning for nuclear weapons employment. These decisions do not constitute a major new departure in U.S. nuclear strategy; rather, they are an elaboration of existing policy. The decisions reflect both existing political and military realities and my desire for a more flexible nuclear posture. This NSDM provides the policy framework for planning the employment of U.S. nuclear weapons. It also establishes the process by which the principal aspects of this policy will be coordinated, reviewed and revised."
Evaluation of Remotely Piloted Vehicles in the Antiarmor Role
From the document abstract: "There exists a need in the United States Army for a weapons system that is capable of engaging armored vehicles at ranges far exceeding the range of the main armament of the tank. This need is currently being filled by the TV guided bomb and the helicopter mounted TOW [Tube-launched, Optically-tracked, Wire command] missile. However, both of these systems suffer from the drawbacks of high cost and high vulnerability to antiaircraft artillery and missiles. The Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV) is a new weapons concept that is examined and compared with the two existing systems. The RPV is found to be far less expensive and much less vulnerable to antiaircraft fire but suffers some possible problems in an electronic countermeasures environment. Some possible solutions to this ECM [Electronic Counter Measures] problem are offered which promise to make the RPV a superior antitank weapon when used as a laser designator for a terminally guided, laser homing weapon."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Memorandum for [Deleted], Chairman Ad HocGroup Studying Security of the NRO, Regarding History of NRO Security Breaches
"This memo, from the chief of the CIA Special Security Center, summarizes the eight references to the NRO that had appeared in the press, starting with the January 22, 1971, mention in the New York Times. The redactions apparently include all commentary on the accuracy of the press discussions."
United States. Central Intelligence Agency
Mandate for Readiness: U.S. Defense Civil Preparedness Agency Annual Report 1974
"The mind rebels against thinking about disaster. Disasters are never pleasant events-they can't always be averted-but with advance planning, their effects can be mitigated. Preparing for disaster is the major concern of the Defense Civil Preparedness Agency (DCPA). The Congress thought about it nearly 25 years ago-to the extent that legislation was passed, called 'The Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950'. That is how modern-day civil defense, now broadened to 'civil preparedness', came into being. Their concern at the time was the threat of largescale aerial attacks on cities and industrial centers. That concern remains today, as it applies to the more powerful and more extensive effects which can be generated by nuclear weapons. Much has been accomplished on the international scene, and work continues, to assure a peaceful world. But the possibility of attack on this country always exists, and disasters are a daily occurrence in peacetime. That is why DCPA guidance and support is provided to State and local governments to help them establish and improve their emergency operations capabilities. And that is why DCPA assistance is aimed at developing a dual-use capability-a capability for use of personnel, facilities, equipment, and systems to meet the needs of a nuclear-caused disaster and the day-today requirements of peacetime disasters as well."
United States. Department of Defense; United States. Defense Civil Preparedness Agency
Corps Responds: A History of the Susquehanna Engineer District and Tropical Storm Agnes
In June 1972, the tropical storm Agnes struck Pennsylvania's Susquehanna River Basin. The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) was called upon to help recovery efforts following the storm. To do this USACE created a new entity called the Susquehanna Engineer District. This document describes the new entity and the recovery effort.
Walker, Paul
Draft History of Mobile District: Chapter XIII: The Mobile District Meets Crisis: Hurricane Camille
History of the Mobile District's activities during the aftermath of Hurricane Camille along the Gulf Coast.
Soviet Naval Activities in Cuba, Part 4 and 5, Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Inter-American Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-Third Congress, October 3, 1973; November 20 and 21, 1974
These are the October 3, 1973 and November 20 and 21, 1974 hearings titled "Soviet Naval Activities in Cuba, Part 4 and 5" held before the House Subcommittee on Inter-American Affairs. From the opening statement of Dante B. Fascell: "The serious crises in the Near East last week has shown all of us the fragility of the new spirit of detente which is said to characterize our relations with the Soviet Union. Last week's events also recalled for many of us memories of the grace Cuban missile crisis of 1962, and thus dramatically underscored the potential which Soviet involvement in Cuba has for the sparking another serious confrontation between the major powers at some point in the future." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: David B. Eldridge, Jr., Nelson H. Litsinger, Paul F. Wallner, Donald B. Whitmire, Barry M. Blechnman, Stephanie E. Levinson, Lincoln D. Faurer, Gary McClellan, Paul Wallner, and Susan Rogers.
International Terrorism, Hearings Before the Subcommittee on the Near East and South Asia of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-Third Congress, Second Session, June 11, 18,19 and 24, 1974
These are the June 11, 18, 19 and 24, 1974 hearings on "International Terrorism" held before the Subcommittee on the near East and South Asia of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives. From the opening statement of Lee. Hamilton: "The Subcommittee on the Near East and South Asia begins a series of four hearings on the general subject of terrorism and counter­-terrorism. In our session today and in those in the next 2 weeks with private witnesses, we are interested in examining the cycle of terrorism and counter-terrorism, various ways of trying to stop this cycle, and policies which the United States should be considering to deal with, the problem of curbing terrorism and of seeking to deal with the circumstances which give rise to terrorism and counter-terrorism." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Lewis Hoffacker, Ernest Lefever, Eugene H. Methvin, John B. Wolf, Richard A. Falk, Bert B. Lockwood Jr., and Brian Jenkins.
United States Role in Opening the Suez Canal, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the near East and South Asia of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-Third Congress, Second Session, May 8, 1974
This is the May 8, 1974 hearing on the "United States Role in Opening the Suez Canal" held before the House of Representatives Subcommittee on the near East and South Asia of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. From the opening statement of Lee H. Hamilton: "This morning the Subcommittee on the Near East and South Asia wants to examine the role the United States is playing in helping to open the Suez Canal and why it is in the interest of the United States to participate in this venture." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Michael Sterner, Roy F. Hoffmann, Charles William Streightiff.
FAA Electronic Voice Switching System Contract, Hearing Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, Ninety-Third Congress, Second Session, August 14, 1974
This is the August 14, 1974 hearing titled "FAA Electronic Voice Switching System Contract," held before the House Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations. From the opening statement of Jack Brooks: "On several occasions in the past, this subcommittee has had an opportunity to review improper procurement practices of the FAA [Federal Aviation Administration]. Today, we are concerned about the circumstances surrounding the award and performance of a $78 million contract which, only 19 months later, passed the $100 million mark and was 36 months behind schedule. In 1971, following several years of study, FAA sought bids for the procurement of an electronic voice switching system to replace the existing telephone system operated by A.T.&T. The electronic voice switch is a communications network providing speedier voice communication interconnections between air route traffic control towers, flight service stations, control towers, remote controlled air-ground facilities and military bases. This system required some new designs and some new hardware. Although there was no way at that time that either FAA or the bidders could determine what the production models might cost, FAA elected to procure both the prototype system and 21 production models under a single contract." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Alexander P. Butterfield, David R. Israel, Spencer Hunn, Dave Hadorn, and Richard Cross.
Floods in Indiana: Technical Manual for Estimating Their Magnitude and Frequency
From the abstract: "This manual provides methods for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods on unregulated and unurbanized streams in Indiana that drain at least 15 square miles (38.8 square kilometres). The methods provide the design engineer with a means of estimating flood frequencies without having to analyze the records at individual streamflow sites. The estimating equations in this manual are based on relations between floods of specific return periods and selected watershed characteristics. The most significant factors for estimating flood peaks in Indiana were found to be drainage area and precipitation index. The shape of a watershed was also found very significant in development of the regional equations. Other variables used in the regional equations are physical characteristics that further explain differences in the magnitudes of floods from the watersheds. The regional equations are multivariate regression equations that relate peak discharges of 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals to watershed characteristics and are essentially for natural streams. In this study, if 25 percent or more of the drainage area of a stream is above a reservoir, it was considered to be regulated, and flood peaks from it were not included in the analysis unless it could be determined that flood peaks were not materially affected, as in the case of several streams below small water-supply reservoirs. The equations also do not apply to streams that are affected by a high degree of urbanization."
United States. Department of the Interior
Davis, L.G.
S. Hrg. 93, Book 26: Presidential Campaign Activities of 1972, Senate Resolution 60, Appendix to the Hughes-Rebozo Investigation of the Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities of the United States Senate, Ninety-Third Congress Second Session, Exhibits Relating to Chapter 8 of the Final Report
This is the "Presidential Campaign Activities of 1972, Senate Resolution 60" hearing held before the Appendix to the Hughes-Rebozo Investigation of the Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities of the United States Senate. From the Appendix 1: "The Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities has been conducting investigations pursuant to Senate Resolution 60 for the purpose of recommending legislation regarding, among a number of issues, the receipt, concealment, and use of cash campaign contributions for the Presidential election of 1972. The Committee is presently attempting to conclude its investigative efforts and file its report by June 3 0, 1974."
Special Energy Research and Development Appropriation Bill for 1975 Part 1, Hearings Before Subcommittees of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, Ninety-Third Congress, Second Session
These are the 1974 hearings titled "Special Energy Research and Development Appropriation Bill for 1975 Part 1," held before the House Subcommittees of the Committee on Appropriations. The hearings included are: "Energy Overview" by the Department of the Interior; "Energy Overview" by the Federal Energy Office; "Fuel Allocation, Oil and Gas Programs"; "Energy Conservation and Analysis"; "Geological Survey"; Office of Coal Research"; and "Bureau of Mines." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Rogers C. B. Morton, Francis M. Wiles, Ken Brown, William Simon, John Sawhill, Duke R. Ligon, John Weber, Eric R. Zausner, Edwin A. Kuhn, Thomas Kugel, Joseph Kump, Bruce Wilburn, David O. Oliver, Richard Hite, Vincent E. McKelvey, William A. Radlinski, Henry W. Coulter, James J. Balsley, Edmund J. Grant, Frank E. Clarke, Robert H. Lyddan, O. Milton Hackett, Russel G. Wayland, Richard P. Sheldon, Jack J. Stassi, Francis M. Wiles, Charles Masters, S. William Gouse Jr., George Fumich Jr., Neal P. Cochran, G. Edward Larson, Raymond E. Vener, Paul Yavorsky, Irving Zuckerman, Thomas V. Falkie, Thomas A. Henrie, John D. Morgan Jr., Joseph J. Yancik, J. Wade Watkins, Elwood Thomson, and Carl Rampacek.
S. Hrg. 93: Presidential Campaign Activities of 1972 Senate Resolution 60, Indexes to the Public Hearings of the Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities of the United States Senate, Ninety-Third Congress, First Session
This is the "Presidential Campaign Activities of 1972 Senate Resolution 60" hearing held before the Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities of the United States Senate. From the introduction: "The following three indexes were prepared as a complete and comprehensive guide to the public hearings held by the Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities from May to November, 1973, and are for use with Books 1 through 13 of the printed hearings. These indexes were compiled by the computer staff of the Select Committee with the aid of a computer system made available by the Library of Congress, and provide a reference to the hearings by names mentioned and subjects discussed. The first index contains an alphabetical listing of persons whose names appear in the hearings, along with the respective page numbers on which the particular names appear. In addition, the page numbers are further subdivided into one or more of 38 broad subject areas assigned by the Select Committee staff. These subject areas deal generally with the Campaign Finance Investigation, Campaign Financing by Democrats, Political Espionage Investigation, and Watergate Investigation."
Goals, Strategy, and Tasks of the Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program
From the Introduction: "The goals of the national earthquake program are to reduce the hazards to life and property, to mitigate human suffering and economic losses, and to minimize disruptions of business, government, and private activities from future earthquakes. The hazards, however, can never be reduced to zero, and analyses of vulnerability or risk must be prepared to assist the public in developing a rational approach and reasonable attitude toward the risk. A major goal is to achieve an optimum balance between safety and economic cost […]. As an indication of cost, approximately $100 billion were spent on construction in 1973. If only 1 percent additional cost were imposed in the interest of earthquake safety, more than $1 billion annually would be the price. Thus inappropriate or inadequate mitigation methods could be extremely wasteful, but to sacrifice tens of thousands of lives needlessly would be gross negligence. Only through the development of sound scientific and engineering principles and practices can the system be adjusted for optimum benefit."
Geological Survey (U.S.); United States. Department of the Interior
Wallace, R. E. (Robert Earl), 1916-2007
Political Situation in Thailand: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-Third Congress, First Session, October 24, 1973
This is the October 24, 1973 hearing on the "Political Situation in Thailand," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. From the opening statement of Robert N. C. Nix: "Thailand is the last remaining American military base in Southeast Asia. Approximately 38,000 American airmen are stationed there at several airbases. This military establishment is second to West Germany as to the stationing of American personnel. On October 16, the premier of the country was exiled after rioting by some 10,000 students in Bangkok. At least 100 students died in the rioting. The premier had led a military government for 10 years. That government appeared stable. Yet, like most military governments, it was subject to sudden and violent change. One question for this subcommittee is what does this mean for our men in Thailand? In addition, we would like to know what our obligations are to Thailand, what purpose airbases serve for the defense of Thailand since many Thais opposed to the previous government would like us to close such bases." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Monteagle Stearns.
Report on the Situation in Vietnam: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-third Congress, Second Session, July 31, 1974
This is the July 31, 1974 hearing titled "Report on the Situation in Vietnam," held before the House Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. From the opening statement of Robert N. C. Nix: "Our Ambassador to the Republic of South Vietnam, the Honorable Graham Martin, will testify today on the administration's request for $750 million in economic aid which is $350 million more than was appropriated last year. It is my understanding that the basis for believing that this is an appropriate request is that South Vietnam is ready for an economic expansion comparable to Taiwan and South Korea; in short, an Asian economic miracle." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Graham Martin.