The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in human pathology
Curr Mol Med. 2012 Mar;12(3):259-67. doi: 10.2174/156652412799218903.
M Saresella 1 , V Rainone, N M Al-Daghri, M Clerici, D Trabattoni
1 Don C Gnocchi Foundation, ONLUS, Milan, Italy.
DOI: 10.2174/156652412799218903
T-cell activation is dependent on signals delivered through the antigen-specific T-cell receptor and accessory receptors on T-cells. Integration of signals through this family of costimulatory and inhibitory receptors and their ligands regulates the balance between T-cell activation, tolerance, and immunopathology. Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, deliver inhibitory signals and exert a vital and diverse range of immunoregulatory roles in T-cell activation, tolerance, and immune-mediated tissue damage. In this review, we revisit current understanding of the immunoregulatory functions of PD-1 and its ligands and their involvement in immune-mediated diseases.
Alzheimer Disease / immunology
B7-H1 Antigen / immunology*
B7-H1 Antigen / metabolism
HIV Infections / immunology
HIV Infections / metabolism
Immune Tolerance / physiology
Multiple Sclerosis / immunology
Multiple Sclerosis / metabolism
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / immunology*
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / metabolism
B7-H1 Antigen
CD274 protein, human
PDCD1 protein, human
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor