New research from NASA suggests that melting glaciers in Greenland and Antarctica will affect sea-level rise in coastal cities at different levels.
Rio de Janeiro, New York City, and Miami would all be severely impacted by melting glacier systems in Greenland.
The researchers hope that the data will inform how cities prepare for sea-level rise.
Glaciers in Greenland are melting at an increasingly rapid pace, partially due to rising global temperatures caused by human activity.
Though Greenland and Antarctica are far from cities like New York and London, the melting glaciers in both regions are expected to raise sea levels enough to change many of the world's coastlines.
But different glacial systems will affect different cities to varying degrees, according to new research from NASA. These disparities depend on where and how much different glaciers feed water into the ocean, and where that water flows.
The scientists created an interactive tool that allows users to pick from 293 coastal cities and see how those areas could be affected if particular ice masses melt into the ocean.
New York, for example, should mostly worry about three major glaciers in Greenland's northeast and northwest: the Petermann, Zachariae, and Jakobshavn glaciers. London should worry most about the northwestern part of the Greenland ice sheet. Sydney should actually fear the loss of parts of Antarctic ice that are farther from Australia more than the ones that are closer.
If Greenland's Petermann, Zachariae, and Jakobshavn glaciers all melt, the world's seas would rise an average of four inches, NASA predicts. If that happens, Miami, Florida would see roughly that amount of local sea-level rise, but Rio de Janeiro, Brazil would see 124% of that average, or over five inches.
Previous NASA research has suggested that Antarctic ice loss is a major threat to the US East Coast. If west Antarctica collapses, the world could experience an average of four feet of sea level rise. The East Coast, though, would experience 14 to 15 inches above that.
This latest study also builds on previous research that has highlighted other effects of glacial melting, including the way it has warped the Earth's crust and slightly altered the planet's axis of rotation.
The researchers hope that coastal planners will use their newly developed tool to inform decisions about how cities should adapt to climate change, especially with respect to how individual glacier behavior relates to sea-level rise.
"As cities and countries attempt to build plans to mitigate flooding, they have to be thinking about 100 years in the future and they want to assess risk in the same way that insurance companies do," NASA senior scientist Erik Ivins told the BBC.