Gnosology is a term taken from philosophy that refers to the study of knowledge (from the Greek word gnosos) and can refer to the study of both standard knowledge and esoteric knowledge (spiritual, occult, etc.). This field studies how knowledge and learning of all types is acquired and used by individuals and society at large.
In psychology, especially cognitive psychology, this term can also refer to an active attempt to experience another person's first hand knowledge. This is a complex way of saying that as humans communicate with each other, it is possible to tap into another person's search for knowledge such as a close mentor-like relationship between a student and teacher.