Al-Anfāl
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For the genocide of Iraqi Kurds from 1986-1989, see Anfal genocide.
Al-Anfāl (Arabic: الأنفال‎, "The Spoils of War") is the eighth chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an, with 75 verses (āyāt). Regarding the timing and contextual background of the supposed revelation (Asbāb al-nuzūl), it is a "Medinan surah", completed after the Battle of Badr.
Sura 8 of the Quran
Medinan
Juz' 9 to 10
Hizb no.
No. of Rukus
No. of verses
No. of Sajdahs
← Al-A'raf
At-Tawba →
It forms a pair with the next sura, At-Tawba.
ContentEdit
BadrEdit
Badr is also the subject of Sura 8: al-Anfāl, which details military conduct and operations. Though the Sura does not name Badr, it describes the battle several times:
" Remember ye were on the hither side of the valley, and they on the farther side, and the caravan on lower ground than ye. Even if ye had made a mutual appointment to meet, ye would certainly have failed in the appointment: But (thus ye met), that Allah might accomplish a matter. For to Allah do all questions go back (for decision). ([Quran 8:42]) "
" And be not like those turned on his heels, and said: "Lo! I am clear of you; lo! I see what ye see not; Lo! I fear Allah. for Allah is strict in punishment. ([Quran 8:47]) "
These verses highlighted both the chance encounter of the battle (both sides had blundered into each other) as well as the underestimation of both the size of Meccan army by the Muslims and the fierceness of the Muslim army by the Meccans. The Meccan army was described in the second verses, and "Satan" may be referring to Amr ibn Hishām, who was hated by the Muslims and allegedly pushed for the battle repeatedly.
ExegesisEdit
Muhammad al-Baqir narrates in hadith that (8:41) Know that whatever property you may gain, one fifth belongs to God, the Messenger, for near relatives and the orphans, the needy, and the [stranded] traveler,... refers to the relatives of the Messenger of Allah. "Al-Khums (one fifth) belongs to Allah, the Messenger and to us (his Ahl al-Bayt)".[1]
One source states that Ubay ibn Khalaf was ransomed after Badr, but was killed by Muslims with a spear in the Battle of Uhud (625 CE). Verse [Quran 8:17] was revealed in this occasion.[2]
Battle of Badr
^ Al-Kulayni, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ya'qub (2015). Kitab al-Kafi. South Huntington, NY: The Islamic Seminary Inc. ISBN 9780991430864. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ Umm `Umara Nasiba Bint Ka`B Al-Ans.Ariyya (Ra)
Surah Anfaal Video with PHRASE FOR PHRASE English translation
Surah Al-Anfal Mp3
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
The Holy Qur'an (Maulana Muhammad Ali)/8. Voluntary Gifts
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