Scientists recently discovered that tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) is electronically three-dimensional with a low anisotropy. Anisotropy reflects the change in properties of a material when the direction of the current or the applied magnetic field is varied.
Similar to graphite consisting of weakly bound graphene layers, WTe2 is a layered material that could be reduced to few layers in thickness or a monolayer and be used in making nanoscale transistors in other electronics. The material was originally thought to be two-dimensional in nature because of the ease with which its layers could be separated.
WTe2 has been the subject of increased scientific interest since a 2014 research study outlined its unusual magnetoresistance, which is the ability of a material to change the value of its electrical resistance when subjected to an external magnetic field.
This particular finding "is interesting in its own right because it shows that the mechanical and electrical properties of a material are not always as closely linked as we may assume," wrote Kamran Behnia, director of quantum matter research at Le Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris, in an opinion piece on the latest research discovery about WTe2 published in journal Physics, which provides news and commentary on select papers from American Physical Society journals.
Researchers also discovered that the anisotropy of WTe2 varies and displays the magnetoresistance behavior of the Fermi liquid state, which is a theoretical model that describes the normal state of most metals at sufficiently low temperatures.
"In addition to its small values, we found that the anisotropy also varies with temperature and follows the magnetoresistance behavior. This implies a possible temperature induced change in the electronic structure of this material," said Argonne's Zhili Xiao, who led this research. "These findings are important for accurately understanding the electronic properties of WTe2 and other extremely magnetoresistance materials."
Photolithographic patterning, deposition and morphological analysis via scanning electron microscopy was accomplished at Argonne's Center for Nanoscale Materials, an Office of Science User Facility. Resistivity measurements and quantum oscillations of resistivity were performed in Argonne's Materials Science Division (MSD).
The research is described in "Temperature-Dependent Three-Dimensional Anisotropy of the Magnetoresistance in WTe2," published in Physical Review Letters.
The paper's co-authors are L.R. Thoutam and Z.L Xiao of Argonne MSD and Northern Illinois University; Y.L. Wang and W.K. Kwok of Argonne MSD; S. Das, A. Luican-Mayer and R. Divan of Argonne's Center for Nanoscale Materials; and G.W. Crabtree of Argonne MSD and the University of Illinois at Chicago.
This work was supported by the DOE Office of Science. Scientists used the Center for Nanoscale Materials to perform nanopatterning and morphological analysis.