Percentage of persons who had at least one contact with a public official, who paid abribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by these public officials, during the last 12 months. Disaggregate by age, sex, region and population group. This concept of bribery prevalence makes clear that it has to be measured amongst those who had contact with a public official.
This indicator is proposed as an indicator for Sustainable Development Target 16.5 Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms
Household corruption surveys and victimisation surveys with a module on bribery. At least 72 countries have implemented at least one national victimisation survey after 2009. In addition, 9 African countries have already implemented or are in the process of implementing a victimisation survey module as part of the Strategy for Harmonisation of Statistics for Africa (SHaSA).
UNODC collects prevalence data on bribery from surveys through the annual United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems mandated by the UN General Assembly (UN-CTS).
Linkages: This indicator is proposed to monitor the following targets: 1.4 (access to basic services), 1a (resource mobilization), 10.b (ODA), 16.3 (rule of law), 16.6 (accountable institutions), 16.10 (protection of fundamental freedoms), 17.1 (domestic resource mobilization).