有許多字彙借自俄語, 突厥语族 (大多數來自庫梅克語), 阿拉伯語, 波斯語, 以及格魯吉亞語.
Pieter Muysken. From Linguistic Areas to Areal Linguistics. John Benjamins Publishing Company. 6 February 2008: 29, 46, 47, 49, 52–54, 56, 58, 60, 61, 63, 70–74, 77, 93. ISBN 978-90-272-9136-3.