Research concerning neonatal ventilation allowed the clinical application of new ventilation strategies, characterized by lower invasivity and reduction of iatrogenic injury. Indeed it is widely acknowledged the importance of decreasing the baro/volo trauma. It has also been demonstrated the toxicity related to the use of high O2 concentration. New therapies (i.e. staminal cells) for the treatment of lung injuries due to broncoPulmonary dysplasia, which preferentially affects the most premature infants are currently under investigation.
Relationship between respiratory impedance and positive end-expiratory pressure in mechanically ventilated neonates. Intensive Care Med. 2013 Mar;39(3):511-9. doi: 10.1007/s00134-012-2795-6.